ACRL News Issue (B) of College & Research Libraries 229 Contributed Papers During the Conference there will be ten time slots, in each of which there will be provision for up to a half dozen concurrent sessions for contrib­ uted papers. These papers have been carefully selected following a blind reviewing process. The papers will treat subjects of interest and concern to academic and research librarianship. The ab­ stracts of each of the fifty-six papers selected are listed here for your convenience and information. A D M IN IS T R A T IO N ARL Aca dem ic L ibrary L eaders o f th e 1980’s: M en and W om en o f t h e E xecutive S uite Betty Jo Irvine Indiana University The men and women of the executive suite in ARI. libraries demonstrate many differences in their career developm ent, status, educational preparation, and professional involvem ent in organizational and publishing activities. At each level of the top administrative hierarchy of direc­ tors, associate directors, and assistant directors, there are significant distinctions between men and women. D uring 1980 ARL administrators were surveyed to determine their career patterns and dem ographic characteristics. Based upon selected data generated by the survey, this report analyzes differences and sim ilarities in back­ ground b etw een the d ire c to r and o th er line administrators, and between men and women. M anagement L essons from N egotiations w ith Support Staff Frederick C. Lynden Ronald K. Fark Brown University Because of tightening economic conditions there will likely be increased unionization of li­ brary support staff for which libraries need to be prepared. Negotiating with a labor union can be instructive for library management. The history of labor negotiations at Brown University Library provides insights into 1) the unfulfilled needs of support staff; 2) the priorities of non-professional staff; and 3) the issues management must keep in mind to improve personnel relations. Contract negotiations show that open and regular com­ munications, consistent application of work rules, documentation of decisions, and advocacy of the library within the university are some of the steps which management can take to insure better rela­ tions and successfully negotiate with support staff. Staff T urnover and t h e Aca dem ic L ibrary James G. Neal University of Notre Dame The turnover of staff is viewed as an important measure of organizational success. Key aspects of turnover are reviewed, including the measure­ ment of turnover, the causes or contributing fac­ tors, the negative and positive impact, and con­ trol methods. The results of a survey of university librarians in the Association of Research Libraries of their perceptions and responses to support staff turnover problems are reported. T EM PO RARY EMPLOYMENT and Aca dem ic L ibrarians Molly O’Hara University of Illinois at Chicago Circle During the past decade temporary employment has gained recognition as a special concern of business and personnel managers. Economic dif­ ficulties and the changing nature of staffing pat­ terns due to increased automation have led to a noticeable expansion in the demand for tempo­ rary workers. The academic world has been affected by this trend. The same forces of economics and automa­ tion are influencing staffing patterns and needs of academic departm ents. Over the past several years there has been a small but steady number 230 of openings for temporary academic librarians. Based on a review of 31 nationally advertised temporary positions over a one-year period, this paper discusses appropriate and inappropriate employment of temporary librarians. L eadership or M anagem ent? Som ething E xtra Beyond G ood E nough Donald E. Biggs Arizona State University More than ever before in the history of academic librarianship there is a demand for lead­ ership. Societal changes have created an environ­ ment in which good management is no longer sufficient to sustain and promote our scholarly li­ braries. More effective use of time and more public involvement are now important issues for library directors. Creative, mission-oriented lead­ ership is necessary for advancing academic librar­ ies through the 80s. N ever M ind W ho’s W atching t h e Store W h o's Stocking t h e P o o l? T he Status o f W om en in Aca dem ic L ibrary M anagement Fay Zipkowitz Sherrie S. Bergman Rhode Island State Dept. of Library Service and Wheaton College In the more than ten years since equal oppor­ tunity and affirmative action programs have been operating in academic libraries, changes have occurred in recruiting and hiring. Statistical and experiential evidence indicates, however, that males still dominate the management positions out of proportion to their numbers in the profes­ sion. An underlying cause of this is the grooming and preparation of men for more responsible positions. Some suggestions are presented for en­ couraging and fostering qualified women to pre­ pare them for management opportunities. B IB LIOGRAPHIC CO N TRO L Bibliographic C ommunication Among P ublishers. L ibrarians, and Scholars: P roblems and P rospects Carol A. Johnson University of Minnesota-Minneapolis “Bibliographic communication” is presented as meaning the ways in which publishers, librarians (particularly catalogers), and scholars communi­ cate with one another regarding bibliographic en­ tities. In their independence, these groups often proceed in ways which make the bibliographic communication that is essential between them ex­ cessively difficult, complex, and expensive. The problems involved often deal with the essence of bibliographic information rather than the format in which it is presented and are, therefore, not necessarily alleviated by technological advances. O ur future deserves, and probably demands, greater sophistication and precision in this com­ munication. Options are discussed. L ibrary C ooperation and a State-W id e Automated C irculation System Jean S. Johnson University of Wyoming In 1978, the state librarian selected a commit­ tee of representatives from each type of library to evaluate and develop a program that would better serve the needs of library patrons throughout the State of Wyoming. After much discussion and the assistance of a library consultant, the committee decided upon and selected an automated circula­ tion system with interlibrary loan capabilities. A successful bid was made in 1980 to the state legislature by the State Library, and the first phase of a state-wide circulation system will be operational by the summer of 1981. The Uni­ versity libraries will have an on-line circulation system at that time and will be the major on-line resource for six other libraries in the state and a catalog resource for most of the other libraries. This paper reviews the advantages and disadvan­ tages of the cooperative process which developed and implemented this project. M odern G reek N ames in t h e L ibrary C atalog Martha Lawry Ohio State University The paper discusses the problems which the tra n slite ra tio n and cataloging of nonrom an alphabet material in general, and modern Greek names in particular, present both to those re­ sponsible for preparing bibliographic records and to the users of those records. In this discussion, cu rren t and past m odern G reek romanization tables, the effect of AACR 2 on future records, the need for an online authority file system to bring together different forms of a name, and problems other than romanization which pertain to the preparation of modern Greek records are examined. I nformation P roblem Solving: A D evelopmental Approach to L ibrary I nstruction Constance A. Mellon University of Tennessee The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga’s Program of Library Use Strategies (PLUS) intro­ duces problem-solving processes for library use at the basic level of instruction, the Freshman Com­ position classes. The concept is then consistently expanded and reinforced on th e disciplinary levels, both undergraduate and graduate. This paper discusses the basic problem-solving process from which the PLUS program evolved, provides examples of its application to library instruction, 231 and explains the cognitive development theory which supports its use at varying levels of the program. M ankato State U niversity’s O nline C atalog Barbara N. Moore Mankato State University In September 1980, Mankato State University Library, one of the seven Minnesota State Uni­ versities, became one of a few libraries in the United States with online patron access to their complete bibliographic catalog. This paper de­ scribes the online catalog’s development, capabili­ ties, and sample user reactions. There is a com­ plete explanation of the basic search capabilities of the system which is projected to be functional in all Minnesota State Universities by Fall 1981 with 84 terminals at 8 locations. A C omparison o f Patron Success in an O n-l in e C atalog and a L arge U nion C ard C atalog Sue Pease Mary Gouke Ohio State University A research project was carried out to answer the questio n , “ Has an on-line catalog been achieved in a university library where an average patron can locate a known item as successfully without assistance as he/she can in the card cata­ log?” This paper reports on the second and third phases of a study comparing searches done by patrons in the on-line and card catalogs in the Ohio State University Libraries. The conclusion reached is that only those patrons with a year or more of on-line experience do equally well in on­ line and card catalog searching. T oward a Bibliopo etics: C ontemporary Re -E valuations of th e Scholarly P rocess and T heir I m plications for Academ ic and Research L ibraries David A. Shupe Syracuse University In diverse academic disciplines, critical and metatheoretical inquiry is emerging that revises traditional understandings of the research process. These re-evaluations portend new and radically interdisciplinary forms of research which are less concerned with any bibliographic item ’s literal subject than with its approach to that subject. As these developments become more prevalent, ex­ isting bibliographic resources will be stretched to, and beyond, their limits. Cooperation and plan­ ning between librarians and scholars are needed to turn this challenge to positive advantage and to prevent an increasing gap between these new forms of inquiry and the ability of library re­ sources to sustain them. R etrospective I nd ex in g: T ombstone or Touchstone—T oward C omputer-Assisted Bibliographic C ontrol o f th e P ast Louis Charles Willard Princeton Theological Seminary There is a decline in the citation of older litera­ ture within one or two decades of publication. This paper seeks to establish an hypothesis that the decline is more of a factor of the lack of bibliographic control than relevance or merit. A description of an effective, economical online, computer-assisted approach to a cooperative, ret­ rospective indexing is given as a solution to col­ lecting and providing access to a body of older se­ rial literature. BIBLIOGRAPHIC INSTR U C TIO N I ntegrating L ibrary Resources into I nstructional D esign Judith Lin Hunt University of Bridgeport Methods are needed to assist faculty in incor­ porating library resources into instructional de­ sign with the ultimate aim of enabling the stu­ dent to fully utilize the library’s resources. In many libraries the time and number of librarians available to give tours, teach classes, and conduct workshops is limited. It is therefore important that the information a student receives from the faculty is correct and oriented to available library resources. To accomplish these goals, one uni­ versity library is playing a greater role in the academ ic approval process for curriculum changes, offering a workshop for the faculty on “The S tu d en t and L ibrary R esearch ,” and, together with faculty, preparing a basic library re­ source fact sheet for each course. T oward T eaching C oncepts o f L ibrary U se Jon Lindgren St. Lawrence University Critics have questioned much of the effective­ ness of the bibliographic instruction which was developed in many academic libraries during the 1970s. Current instruction is seen to be flawed as a result of undue emphasis being placed by in­ struction librarians on the mechanics, as opposed to the concepts of library use. A presentation stressing the intellectual uses of abstracting jour­ nals is seen as a possible model for developing fu­ ture bibliographic instruction. F ull T ime T hinking about Part T im e Students Marilyn Lutzker John Jay College of Criminal Justice While overall college enrollment is declining, 232 the number of part-time students is increasing. This paper attempts to stimulate thinking about how libraries can help to meet the particular needs of this increasingly significant group. Re­ thinking existing library procedures in relation to the needs of part-time students is stressed, and possible innovations in circulation and reserve procedures are suggested. The role of biblio­ graphic instruction programs in orienting the part- time student to library use is discussed, and proposals are offered for methods of teaching topic selection, search strategy, and utilization of other libraries. C O O PER A TIO N O n th e N ature o f Relations Among L ibraries Kul B. Gauri Case Western Reserve Library Technology and econom ic constraints are pushing libraries to develop cooperative relations and networking. This has not affected the auton­ omy in working, nor developed any in te r­ dependency among libraries. Inter-library loan, or the exchange of materials, continues to be the main focus of relationships, preserving autonomy and the myth of self-sufficiency. Relationships among libraries can be analyzed using the current concepts or organizational behavior. The relations one academic library maintains at local and re­ gional levels are explored using these concepts. A better understanding of networking and study of inter-organization relationships which are at the early stages of development is needed. COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT T he F olly o f Book R eviews Fred Batt Cleveland State University There are problems with librarians depen­ dence on traditional materials review sources as a prime vehicle for collection development. During these times of rising costs, limited funds, and cooperative ventures selectors deserve improved access to opinion. Inadequacies of current review sources are discussed. Recommendations for change in review procedures and a proposal for a source offering multiple opinions are suggested so that we may gain more confidence in our library materials selection during the 1980’s. W hy T he re Is a C risis in C ollection M anagement David Farrell University of Kentucky Academic research libraries are at a crucial, un­ stable point in their development not because of inadequate fiscal and material resources but be­ cause librarians have failed to develop the profes­ sional skills necessary to manage. This paper sug­ gests that as the economic power of universities continues to diminish, as the needs and purposes of higher education and academic research con­ tinue to change, the librarian must develop a political acumen and the skills of a professional service manager if we are to maintain the li­ brary’s central role in the university. I mplications for C ooperative C ollection D evelopment in a Random G roup o f Academ ic L ibraries; or. Beyond O verlap William E. McGrath University of Lowell Implications for cooperative collection develop­ ment in a random selection of 50 academic librar­ ies from the list of OCLC member institutions is explored by examining patterns of similarities and dissim ilarities in th e ir collections. A two- dimensional configuration showing clusters of medical, law, university, college and theological/ denominational libraries suggests that homoge­ neous groups, such as law and medical, may have more to gain by cooperative in-depth collection building, and large general libraries more to gain by achieving greater diversity. T he Role o f F aculty P articipation in a W e e d in g P rogram Based U pon C ollection U se D ata Linda M. Olson University of Wisconsin-Stout The participation of faculty in the weeding pro­ cess is suggested through the methodology and outcome of collection weeding based upon objec­ tive criteria. Circulation and collection samples are used to estimate the number of titles to be removed. Preliminary conclusions are 1) use of circulation data is a valid method in developing a weeding program, 2) the methodology provides a means of identifying low use titles, 3) the methodology can be accomplished largely by cler­ ical staff, and 4) the methodology may be useful in the collection development process. I ncreasing the E ffectiveness o f a U niversity L ibrary; E valuation o f an Ad d e d C opy P roject Elliot S. Palais Arizona State University Books identified by computerized circulation records as popular or high-demand titles continue to attract borrowers in subsequent years. When added copies of such titles are purchased, they continue to circulate at a rate much higher than the average title in the collection. Although titles published during the previous decade represent over 60 percent of the popular titles, many older books have a long useful life in a university li­ 233 brary. High in-house use of the same titles and a relatively high availability rate suggest that the program is worthwhile. Area St u d ie s in N orth A merican L ibraries w ith P articular Re f e r e n c e t o Africana Hans E. Panofsky Northwestern University In the eighties, area study librarians will have to tackle the tasks of developing a comprehen­ sive, shared, retriev ab le pool of prim ary and scholarly m aterial extending to and from the actual geographic area of sp ecialization and contributing to effective library service in area study collections as well as in the libraries of the contributing countries. Africana collection con­ cerns are used to illustrate the issues common to this field with special emphasis on the need for cooperative develo p m en t of a com prehensive machine-readable data base. P reservation and C ol l e c t io n D e v e l o p m e n t: E stablishing t h e C o n ne c tion Joel S. Rutstein Colorado State University The physical deterioration of our collections is becoming manifest as one of the major issues for academic and research libraries in the 1980s. Most of the attention has been given to technical and handling problems related to preservation. C ollection d e v e lo p m e n t inv o lv em en t can be effective in an organized preservation program in areas of management, the identification of mate­ rials for conservation, and more efficient control of the binding budget. There is no option in the 1980s but to expend some of our hard-pressed resources on retarding the physical decline of our collections. T he Sig n ific a n c e o f Approval P lans in t h e 1980’s Peter Spyers-Duran California State University-Long Beach Approval plans have had a major impact on li­ braries and the scholarly publishers. In many academic libraries the approval plan profile was the first comprehensive effort to define the level and scope of book buying in subject areas. Can approval plans survive the “decade of retrench­ ment” in libraries? Many scholarly publishers rely on approval plan sales, but are faced with shorter production runs and increased costs. This paper predicts an increase in the number of institutions participating in approval plans. Nicollet Mall in downtown Minneapolis 234 FACILITIES Library Storage F acilities: Paper Chase in the 80’s Larry Ferm Halcyon Enssle Colorado State University Despite the technological developments which will be changing university libraries in countless ways during the 1980s, libraries will continue to purchase and store large numbers of items in paper form. With continued inflation and reduced support for capital expenditures, many institu­ tions will become strained in a futile attempt to house materials. The credibility of storage facili­ ties will be dependent on such factors as selection of materials for transfer, maintenance of accurate records, planning for distribution, prompt retriev­ al, review of statistics and willingness to reverse decisions. FUNDING T he Tax Reform Act of 1969: Its I mpact on the Past. Its Impact on the F uture Norman E. Tanis California State University-Northridge The Tax Reform Act of 1969 eliminated tax de­ ductions for the donation of cultural and historical papers by their originators to non-profit institu­ tions. As a result, an indeterminant amount of valuable archival material is now lost to research­ ers and scholars. This paper presents the re­ sults of three surveys undertaken in 1974, 1979, and 1980 to determine the effects of the 1969 leg­ islation on library collections and archives. The paper concludes with a review of legislation pending in the U. S. Congress which could re­ verse the trend set by the 1969 tax structure. GOVERNANCE T he E volution of the E vergreen State C ollege L ibrary Management Structure Susan Smith Jovana Brown Evergreen State College Library During the 1970s, Evergreen State College had a unique opportunity to develop a library in a new institution com m itted to providing ex­ perimental, non-traditional higher education in the state of Washington. This paper traces the Evergreen library’s experiments with organiza­ tional structure from its early roots in tribal pro­ cesses through participatory management to its current decentralized decision making structure. It outlines myths developed in the early years, explains how these have influenced the library’s managerial evolution, and speculates on where these myths may lead in the future. INFORM ATIO N SERVICES University Research and Academic Libraries Martha J. Bailey Purdue University University library administrators often find dif­ ficulty in responding to requests for services from departments involved in a large number of re­ search grants. These services include special col­ lections for the departments, book and photocopy delivery systems, or extensive library schedules during vacation periods, services which are some­ times provided by industrial research libraries. The author compares university research to that which is conducted in industry and compares the operation of corporate libraries to those in academia. The author also suggests criteria by which to evaluate specialized programs for re­ search departments and reports the results of ser­ vices offered currently by 70 Association of Re­ search Libraries member libraries. Marketing Academic L ibrary Services Patricia Senn Breivik Auraria Library In order to enhance their abilities to provide quality resources and services in the 80s, academic libraries will be constrained to master marketing techniques. This paper presents a managerial perspective on marketing and relates some current library problems in terms of iden­ tified marketing issues. C omputer D atabase Use at the Reference D esk Gertrude Foreman Celia Ellingson University of Minnesota Results of a program improvement evaluation of the use of online databases at the reference desk in two academic subject libraries are re­ ported and analyzed. Goals of the evaluation study were to explore the usefulness of online databases for answering reference questions and to use brief reference searches to increase refer­ ence staff members’ searching experience. After a review of pertinent literature, data collected dur­ ing this two-month study are analyzed, and sug­ gestions for the improvement of this area of the total reference service in these two libraries are offered. L ibrarian and C l ien t W ho's in C harge? Robert J. Merikangas University of Maryland 235 Although reference services are intended to be client-centered, many general statements about reference do not reflect the complexity of the re­ lationship between librarian and client. One problem is that of authority and the difficulty of e sta b lish in g a working partnership without profes­ sional dominance. Assertive behavior by the client will help, but a number of aids to client education and control are needed. In order to de­ velop a practice that empowers the client, refer­ ence staff need to carry on a dialogue about re­ sponses to client questions and situations. A stronger focus on the librarian-client relationship will have implications for an improved under­ standing of the professional role of the librarian. NETW ORKING N etwork D esign P rinciples for a National P eriodical System Robert W. Burns, Jr. Colorado State University Any system for resource sharing must build upon already existing local or regional networks and be based upon local need. This paper articu­ lates the major design principles and rationale for a national periodicals system supported by nation­ al resource pools. The types of problems such a system will encounter, together with a solution, as well as what we should be doing now, are de­ scribed in detail. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION F actors Associated with Academic L ibrarians’ P ublishing in the 70s: P rologue for the 80s Dwight F. Burlingame Joan Repp Bowling Green State University Two sample groups of academic librarians, au­ thors and nonauthors, were surveyed to identify factors motivating academic librarians to publish during the 1970s. Evidence indicates that although a contract leading to tenure is a strong motivating force, many academic librarians pub­ lish for other reasons. Excluding promotion and tenure, institutional encouragement (release time, merit, etc.) is not a significant factor in successful publication efforts. Holders of advanced degrees and library administrators publish more than those in other categories. PLANNING P lanning for Small C ollege L ibraries: T he U se of Goals and O bjectives George C. Newman Findlay College Planning is as important for small college li­ braries as for large universities, yet few small col­ lege libraries have a concrete plan for the future. A library planning committee is advocated for im­ plementing such a plan, with the library director playing an active role in the process. Goals and objectives should be form ulated, providing both the library and the college with a focus on where the library is beading. With a plan for the future, the library can operate more effectively as a unit and can compete more successfully for scarce resources. The library can also ally itself with the institution’s planning strategies and be­ come a more integral part of the academic mis­ sion of the college. ROLE OF LIBRARIANS IN COLLEGES & UNIVERSITIES O ccupational C haracteristics o f University L ibrarianship: A Study of the Values. Behavior Styles and W ork Preferences o f University C atalog and Reference L ibrarians Suzanne O. Frankie New York University This paper discusses the results of a recent study which compared the behavior styles, values and work preferences of catalog and reference li­ brarians employed in 16 large university libraries. The data confirmed differences between universi­ ty catalog and reference librarians, not only in terms of the nature of the work performed, but also in attitudes, interests, and work preferences. Furthermore, the study revealed that university librarianship as a profession exhibits very distinc­ tive and potentially dysfunctional values and atti- The 57 story IDS building dominates the skyline o f downtown Minneapolis. All 25 Volumes Are Available For Immediate Delivery HERE IS SUBJECT-AND-AUTHOR ACCESS TO MORE THAN 400,000 ARTICLES IN THE BACKFILES OF 531 JOURNALS IN HISTORY, POLITICAL SCIENCE AND SOCIOLOGY. CRIS — HISTORY, 1838-1974, in eleven hardcover volumes. More than 150,000 articles from the backfiles of 234 History journals in the English language have been indexed together and published in 9 casebound cumulative subject index volumes and 2 cumulative author index volumes. Articles were assigned to one or more o f 313 hierarchical subject categories, and then computer sorted by keyword under each category to give in-depth specificity. CRIS — POLITICAL SCIENCE, 1886-1974, in eight hardcover volumes. This set contains 6 cumulative subject volumes and 2 cumulative author volumes. Coverage includes more than 115,000 articles on such topics as Politics, Public Administration and International Relations, from the backfiles of 179 English Language journals. Articles were assigned to one or more o f 135 hierarchical subject categories. CRIS — SOCIOLOGY, 1895-1974, in six hardcover volumes. From the retrospective collections of 118 English Language Sociology journals, some 85 ,0 0 0 articles have been indexed and their entries interfiled in five casebound folio-size cumulative subject volumes, and one cumulative author volume. Articles were assigned to one or more o f 137 hierarchical subject categories. Each Volume Contains an “Introduction & User’s Guide” By Evan Farber AND N O W ... more than 1 m illion BOOK REVIEWS which appeared in 45 8 o f these same journals have been indexed by author and title in a separate fifteen-volum e CRIS Index Set. COMBINED RETROSPECTIVE INDEX TO BOOK REVIEWS IN SCHOLARLY JOURNALS, 1886-1974 Evan Farber, Librarian of Earlham College and author of the standard reference work, Classified List of Periodicals for the College Library, is the chief compiler of this new set. As he points out, “ Our set will complement existing indexes of book reviews because the majority of its entries have never been indexed anywhere but in their own journals. “Book Review Digest, for instance, is retrospective to 1905 but quite weak in its coverage of scholarly journals. “ Meanwhile, the new indexes which recently began to cover large numbers of scholarly journals are not retrospective. “ Therefore, this substantial gap in coverage can only be filled by an index which is both retrospective and more thorough in its coverage of scholarly journals — namely, our Combined Retrospective Index.” USE THE COUPON ON THE RIGHT TO ORDER THIS SET AND THE OTHER CRIS INDEXES SEND FOR FREE BROCHURES LISTING THE JOURNAL COMBINED RETROSPECTIVE INDEX SETS CRIS, THE REFERENCE PREFERENCE OF THE RESEARCH MAJORITY, … is now complete and at work in hundreds of undergraduate libraries in the United States and overseas. By sheer weight of numbers, undergraduates constitute the “ research m ajority” in academic libraries. By eliminating hundreds of unproductive searches in short-term or single-title indexes, CRIS sets have become the favorite reference tools of those students who want to build bibliographies fast. “extremely popular with both students and faculty members” Typical of comments from library users is this quote from Roy S. Barnard, Serials Librarian, Kearney State College Library, Kearney, Nebraska. In a letter dated January 30, 1979, he wrote “ While at JUL (Joint University Libraries, Nashville, Tennessee) I became familiar with your CRIS-History and found it very helpful in my work with their History Department. Because it was so convenient and easy-to-use, it was extremely popular with both students and faculty members.” THE GREAT LEAP D RAWKCAB IN RETROSPECTIVE INDEXING TITLES COVERED IN ALL FOUR CRIS INDEX SETS 238 tudes. The role of the professional librarian in meeting the requirements for information ser­ vices in the 1980’s requires leadership abilities, interpersonal styles and work preferences not ex­ hibited by role encumbents. T he Librarian As Scholar John R. Kaiser Penn State University The 1980s are quickly becoming the decade of accountability. If the librarian is going to obtain bona fide academic status he must rank not only as a professional, but as a scholar. He must associate himself with a subject area and publish in that discipline. Librarians must become a com­ munity of subject specialists no matter what their primary assignments are. The librarians thereby provide full service to the academic community and establish themselves as full members of that community. F aculty M embership for Librarians: T he E vergreen State C ollege Model Frank Motley Mary M. Huston Evergreen State College Library Librarians participate in the educational pro­ cess of the institution through a unique model of faculty membership. A key feature is a rotation plan in which library faculty rotate into the teaching faculty; and, reciprocally, teaching facul­ ty rotate into the library to do collection develop­ ment and reference work. The paper discusses the impact of this plan on the library and on li­ brarians and ramifications for regular teaching faculty and for students. E ducational Requirements for Academic L ibrarians in Non-D irector Positions John N. Olsgaard University of South Dakota In a survey of job listings contained in two li­ brary periodicals the educational requirements for college and university librarians in non-director positions were documented for the period 1970 through 1979. It was discovered that there exists a statistically significant difference between the educational requirements for public services posi­ tions and those for technical services positions. It was further delineated that wide educational dif­ ferences exist between individual position cate­ gories. A subsidiary analysis of each category’s share of the job market was computed, and possi­ ble implications of the study are discussed. T he Sabbatical O ption: W ho E xercises It? Karen F. Smith SUNY at Buffalo A recent survey of tenured librarians at ARL li­ braries revealed that fewer than one out of five had ever taken a sabbatical leave. This paper ex­ amines some of the characteristics of the librar­ ians who had taken a sabbatical leave as com­ pared with the librarians who had not, focusing on differences in scholarly and professional activ­ ity. A brief overview of institutional and personal considerations which may deter persons from pursuing a sabbatical leave are included as a guide to formulating better sabbatical leave poli­ cies for academic librarians. How M uch Research W ould a Research L ibrarian D o I f a Research Librarian C ould D o Research? Daniel Traister New York Public Library Standards for faculty status and tenure imposed by academic libraries are changing the way in which librarians regard research even as librar­ ians are increasingly responsive to self-generated concerns about their ability to pursue research projects. An impressionistic survey of research li­ brarians, predominantly in special collections, in­ vestigates current attitudes towards research felt by junior staff, and suggests that increased institu­ tional support for staff research may yield service benefits. 239 SPECIAL COLLECTIONS Innovations in M icropublishing IN TH E 1980s Charles Chadwyck-Healey Chadwyck-Healey Ltd, Cambridge, England The paper discusses two recent innovations in micropublishing: the reproduction of visual mate­ rial on microfiche and the publication of current official publications on microfiche backed by com­ prehensive catalogs and indexes. The possibilities and limitations of the microfiche format compared to slides is reviewed. The part played by Her Majesty’s Stationery Office and government li­ brarians in the development of the Catalogue o f British Official Publications Not Published by HMSO and the document delivery service on microfiche is described. D ocuments and R e fe r en c e COOPERATION: AN ENH A N CEM EN T of R esources and Services Barbara J. Ford Karen S. Seibert University of Illinois at Chicago Circle Government publications are regarded by li­ brarians as an information resource of substantial size and value. At the same time, documents re­ main underutilized in most libraries. Cooperation between documents and reference departments in academic libraries can provide an opportunity to maximize the value of and expand services re­ lated to government publications. This paper ex­ plores several methods by which such coopera­ tion can be effected, including staff training and continuing education, bibliographic instruction, and computer literature searching. How D oes t h e D ocuments L ibrarian M eet th e C hallenges o f th e 1980s? Ruth D. Hartman Central Washington University Many challenges confront documents librarians in the 1980s. These include changes in the ac­ quisition, storage, and retrieval of government publications. This review attempts to explain the particular requirements of maintaining and pro­ viding effective access to documents collections in the years ahead. It is also a challenge to docu­ ments librarians to prepare themselves for their exciting and demanding future. T oward D ocumentation: N ew C ollecting Strategies in t h e 1980s Andrea Hinding University of Minnesota Archivists and manuscripts curators have tradi­ tionally acquired historical records without the guidance of carefully developed collecting poli­ cies. This paper discusses the consequences of this absence, particularly in light of prospects in the 1980s. It also describes an alternate approach to archives and manuscripts collecting, offering two examples of what this entails, including the need for national and regional coordination of col­ lecting and progress toward accomplishing that goal. Archives in the E ig h tie s: Assessment and Reassessment Philip P. Mason Wayne State University Twentieth-century records are having a signif­ icant impact on traditional practices in archives and manuscripts repositories. Efforts to deal with qualitative as well as quantitative changes in re­ cords are placing a particularly heavy burden on the diminished resources that will be available to manage them in the 1980s. Using the Walter P. Reuther Library of Labor and Urban Affairs as a case study, this paper analyzes this a rra y o f prob­ lems. It also suggests that because all aspects of archival administration—from collecting policies and appraisal techniques to intellectual control and access questions—are more dynamic than they have often been perceived to be, administra­ tion of the 20th-century collections requires care­ ful, conscious attention to trends in scholarship and society as well as in the information profes­ sions. O f Maps and C harts and L ibraries— C artographic M aterials in the 80s Jean M. Ray Southern Illinois University at Carbondale Cartographic materials have a long history, but were neglected by most American libraries until recent decades. Now they have assumed an im­ portant place in academic library collections, with recognized potential as a resource for research. In the 1980s, they will be affected by sweeping changes in library technology, including progress in preservation techniques, photocopy, computer cartography, cartographic data bases, and map­ ping from satellite imagery as well as automation of library processes such as acquisitions and cata­ loging. Increased interlibrary cooperation, and re­ source sharing will certainly involve cartographic materials, and the role of the map librarian will be enhanced. D eveloping th e Academic L ibrary Map C ollection Charles A. Seavey University of New Mexico Maps are a major information source in a vari­ ety of subjects. As such, they should be included in the collections of every academic library. Un­ fortunately, there is little information available for 240 those wishing to develop a map collection. This paper identifies the steps that need to be taken to implement a planned collection development pro­ gram for maps. Its use should enable a library to plan and budget its map collection with far more precision than is possible for the book collection. C opyright and the U se of N o n p r in t M e d i a in Academic L ibraries David B. Walch California Polytech The impact of the 1976 Copyright Revision Act on nonprint media services in academic libraries has not been assessed adequately. There are three specific areas of particular concern: repro­ duction of illustrations from books and periodi­ cals, duplication of phonodiscs, and film transmis­ sion. This paper reviews those sections of the copyright law relating to these three areas in the light of guidelines and interpretations found in the literature. It also reports the results of a sur­ vey of publishers and producers on this topic and compares their response and interpretation of the copyright law with statements found in the litera­ ture. STANDARDS T he Use and E ffectiveness of the 1975 “Standards for C ollege L ibraries”: A Survey of College L ibrary D irectors Larry Hardesty Stella Bentley DePauw University A survey was made to determine if the 1975 “Standards for College Libraries” are used and whether they are considered effective. The re­ sults show that they are used, that there is a great deal of interest in having standards, and that most college library directors feel that the 1975 Standards are in general very useful. Spe­ cific recommendations for change and for better implementation of the Standards are made. TECHNOLOGICAL IM PLICATIONS FOR LIBRARIANSHIP T he E fficacy o f I nterlibrary Loan: A Study of Response T ime for ILL Requests Submitted by Mail, TWX, and an Automated System Shirley K. Baker Johns Hopkins University As libraries, in times of financial constriction, become more interdependent, the efficacy of interlibrary loan becomes crucial to maintaining high standards of service to patrons. At the same time, spinoffs from other technological focuses— telecommunications, technical processing—have provided the interlibrary loan unit with a multi­ plicity of means to carry out their functions. It is assumed that each new technology brings improvements. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether those improvements are con­ siderable or marginal. The response time for re­ quests submitted, by a medium-sized library’s ILL unit, to other libraries by mail, by TWX, and by OCLC ILL subsystem, has been studied. The results indicate, adjusted for multiple tries, a mean response time (from date of submission to receipt of material) of 12 days for OCLC, 17 days for TWX, and 24 days for mail requests. T echnology in the 80s: C hallenges and C hanges for Academic L ibraries Margaret Beckman University of Guelph New technologies, in particular mini and micro computers, telecommunications, and new collec­ tion formats will allow academic libraries to regain a measure of autonomy lost in the past decade to bibliographic utilities and regional net­ works. Experiences of academic libraries in Ontario, Canada, illustrate effective alternatives to present utility, network and resource sharing concepts. Other new information technologies will change the nature and scale of collection for­ mats and storage, as well as the access, space and services provided. L ibrary Automation and L ibrary O rganization: An Analysis o f F uture T rends David R. McDonald Robert Hurowitz Stanford University The automation of library services provides and will continue to provide momentum for functional organizational change within technical services and public services. Yet, to date, such organiza­ tional changes have not altered the fundamental structure of libraries; rather they have been sub­ sumed as a part of traditional library organization­ al patterns. Library automation activity has, to some extent, paralleled library organization. However, the development of integrated library systems which utilize one database for all func­ tions and the emergence of distributed processing will not only accelerate the pace of organizational change, but may also dramatically alter its direc­ tion. This paper will examine the relationship be­ tween library automation and library functional organization both now and in the future. Applying T echnology at the E vergreen State C ollege L ibrary, 1970-1980 Pat Matheny-White Sarah Pederson George Rickerson Evergreen State College 241 Founded a decade ago as a progressive institu­ tion of higher education serving W ashington State, E vergreen enthusiastically explored the potential of technology for stimulating library ser­ vices and facilitating library processes. This paper discusses three areas of application which repre­ sent significant early attempts to effectively util­ ize the technology of the day. First, all media were cataloged, shelved, and circulated in one consistent manner. Second, the Library used automated cataloging services and vendors in an attempt to minimize in-house technical services efforts. Third, a large part of the collection was procured on microfilm. Successes, problems, and implications are explored. A C ritical N exus: Academic L ibrary Values and T echnology Thomas T. Surprenant University of Rhode Island Academic library value systems and technology form a critical nexus that has to be considered by decision makers. The decade of the 1980s prom­ ises to revolutionize the entire structure of the information environment. And the “electronic revolution” will seriously challenge the humanis­ tic values held by academic librarians. Yet there is no doubt that we will be increasingly depen­ dent on ever-sophisticated technologies. The in­ tent of this paper is to examine the concept of value systems and explain why and how we must use our professional value systems in the assess­ ment of technology for academic libraries. Placement Service ACRL has always provided a range of opportu­ nities for job seekers and employers to contact one another. Whether looking for an entry-level position, a chance for advancement, or simply opportunity to live in a different part of the coun­ try, attendees are encouraged to actively partici­ pate in the placement service. To facilitate the operation, employees and employers may register in advance of the conference by checking the appropriate box on the conference registration form available from the ACRL office. Applicant resumes will be accepted from any ACRL mem­ ber whether or not they will be attending the conference. Non-ACRL members may register for the placement service if they register for the meeting. All employers may list their available positions whether or not they send their repre­ sentatives to the meeting to interview applicants. Interviews between job applicants and employer representatives may be arranged through the placement service. There is no charge to appli­ cants or employers to use this service. Entertainment The twin cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul have received wide coverage for their city sophis­ tication, cultural attraction, charm and general high quality of life. Theater is an important part of the city sophis­ tication. One theater director estimated that the Twin Cities with one million people has three to four times as much theater as Chicago with 12 million people. When Tyrone Guthrie opened the Guthrie Theater years ago, it became the im­ petus for theater of all kinds: dinner theater, satirical reviews, children’s theater, experimental theater, and professional road show perform­ ances. Theater is not the only exceptional cultural activity. The Minnesota Orchestra is one of the finest in the country. The St. Paul Chamber Orchestra is also world famous. Museums and art galleries offer variety and quality—contemporary, ethnic, classical. Some of the largest and finest collections are at the Wal­ ker Art Center, Minneapolis Institute of the Arts and the University Gallery. The area’s heritage is reflected in the American Swedish Institute and the Sons of Norway Cultural Center and several centers of Native American Art. Minneapolis has led the way for many years as an innovator in urban planning and design, with the Nicollet Mall, The Parkway System, the Sky­ ways, the IDS Center, and now Loring Parkway. Nicollet Mall, perhaps the best known city cen­ ter avenue, is a tree-lined, auto-less shopping and walking delight. Many major department stores are located on or near the Mall, plus many spe­ ciality shops. The IDS Center, the tallest build­ ing between Chicago and San Francisco, is cen­ tered on the Mall. St Paul is experiencing the same planned urban growth along with exciting renovation projects. Town Square Park houses the largest enclosed park in the United States. St. Paul is also the home of Summit Avenue, the longest boulevard of existing classic Victorian homes. The Twin Cities metro area includes 936 scenic lakes and 513 parks. Minnehaha Falls inspired Longfellow to write “Song of Hiawatha.” Minne­ sota Zoological Gardens is 500 rolling acres of one of the finest zoos in the world and features anim­ als in their natural habitat. A rich buffet of enticing menus awaits the Twin Cities visitor. From spicy Szechuan dishes to lus­ cious French sauces, the choices are wide. Many area restaurants have the distinction of winning national awards for their service and cuisine. Tours to see highlights of the Twin Cities (in­ cluding Minnehaha Falls) or St. John s Universi­ ty, Collegeville, with a special stop in the Medieval Manuscript Collection, will be offered October 4 after the last conference session. 242 W H A T ’S P L A Y IN G AT T H E G U T H R IE ? September 28 October 1 October 3 EOXFIRE by Susan Cooper & Hume Croπyn Directed by Mar Hume Cronyn and Jessica Tandy return to the Guthrie in a new American play. Based on the popular Foxfire books, Susan Cooper and Mr. Cronyn provide a gently humorous and thought-provoking look at the challenges to the traditional life of Appalachia. Marshall Mason, founder and Artistic Director of off Broadway’s Circle Repertory Company and Obie Award winner, will direct. shall Mason September 29 by Nelly SachsELI irector A Directed by Garland Wright,Guthrie Associate Artistic D brilliant, poetic image of the survivors of the holocaust by the Nobel Prize winning Israeli poet, Nelly Sachs. This reassur ing portrait of man’s inhumanity to man is an American pre­ miere, translated from the German poem. Garland Wright, newly appointed Associate Artistic Director, Obie Award winner ­ and two-time Drama Desk nominee, will direct. September 30 October 2 EVE OF R ETIR EM EN T by Thomas Bernhard Directed by Liviu Ciulei, Guthrie Artistic Director A former Nazi officer and his sisters prepare to celebrate Himmler’s birthday … a generation after Himmler’s death. Liviu Ciulei directs this American premiere of Thomas Bern­ hard’s important new drama considered by German critics to be the best play of 1980. EUROPEAN ACQUISITIONS OUT OF REACH? If you’ve fried everything in your at­ tempts to acquire European publica­ tions, D&N (USA) Libraary Services Inc. in Philadelphia can extend your grasp. A division of Dekker & Nordemann B.V of Amsterdam, Holland, D&N is backed by more than 50 years' experience as modern and antiquarian booksellers and subscription agents to libraries world-wide. Specializing in publications in science, technology, engineering, medicine, economics, business and the humanities, D&N offers U.S. customers fast, reliable, and com ­ petitively priced acquisitions from virtually every publisher in Europe, the U.K., Scandinavia, the Middle and Far Easts, Russia and the Slavic countries. Orders are processed, at our facilities in Shan­ non, Ireland, and shipped via airfreight to the U.S. on a regular basis, reducing delivery time and handling charges. Invoices are in U.S. dollars, payable at our bank in New York. Libraries of all kinds will find D&N's U.S. office an ideal source for the supply of any European publica- tions. Stop by and visit us in Minneapolis and let D&N give you a hand. Books • Film Orders • Rush/Reserve • Approval Plans Search Service • Subscriptions • Con†inuations/Standing Orders • Check-in-Service Antiquarian/Ou†-of-Print Publications • Invoices in U.S. Dollars STOP BY A N D VISIT US D&N (USA) Library Services Inc.48 E. Chestnut Hill Ave., Phila., Pa. 19118 IN M IN N EA PO LIS 215-242-4484 TWX:710-670-1327