ACRL News Issue (B) of College & Research Libraries 488/C&RL News ACRL develops leaders in New York Highlights o f ACRL programs at ALA’s 1996 Annual Conference A CRL m em bers sam pled th e best o f the Big A pple during ALA’s 115th A nnual C onference in July. Total conference attendance w as 23,747 m em bers, exhibitors, an d guests, including 10,812 paid registrants— w hich falls b elow the record high set in Chicago last year (13,290 paid, 24,653 total). This conference of­ fered the innovative “conference-w ithin-a-con- fe re n c e ” featuring th re e p rogram s o n ACRL president Patricia Senn Breivik’s them e, “Every Librarian a Leader,” an d m any m ore exploring th e topic o f leadership. Highlights o f th e p ro ­ gram s are below . (Ed note. Thanks to th e m any m em bers w h o sum m arized program s for C&RL News so w e could bring you this report.) ACRL President’s Program : Every Librarian a Leader W e k n ew this w as a different ACRL program w h en w e en tered th e huge room in Javits and w ere h an d ed a 50+-page p u rp le w orkbook, a yellow visor (Every Librarian a Leader), an d a program spanning three days. After p resident Patricia Breivik’s w arm w el­ com e an d program chair D eborah Leather’s brief introductions, D adie Perlov (f o u n d e r a n d p rin c ip a l o f C o n s e n s u s M a n a g e m e n t G ro u p ) ignited th e session w ith b o u n d less en erg y and inspiration. Telling th e nearly p acked room that hers w ould n o t b e th e typical k ey n o te address, she involved the a u ­ dience by deb u n k in g several m yths ab o u t leadership (e.g., leaders always have high-sta­ tu s po sitio n s); clarified th e m any characteristics o f lead­ D adie P e rlo v d e b u n k s m y th s a b o u t le a d e rs h ip .ers; described several future trends affecting libraries; an d illustrated th e re­ lationships betw een leadership styles an d life cycles o f organizations. Offering a sim ple definition o f leadership— a leader is som eone w ho will take you to a place you w ouldn’t go w ithout him or her—she stressed that leaders are not born, but m ade. Drawing on Kouzes an d P o sn er’s The Leadership Chal­ lenge (1990), Perlov em phasized these key char­ acteristics: leaders challenge th e process, by­ passing bureaucracy an d always asking why; they inspire a shared vision; they ban killer state­ m ents such as “It’s not in the b u d g et”; an d they m ake assum ptions ab o u t the future. A mong the future trends affecting libraries a n d librarians is a double-barreled o n e n ew to this attendee: disinterm ediation, w hich refers to th e breaking do w n o f delivery systems from p r o d u c e r s to c o n s u m e rs a n d its re v e r s e , rem ediation, o r th e rediscovery th at p e o p le n eed som eo n e b etw een th e p ro d u cer an d the consum er. Using th e Internet as an exam ple, she p o in ted ou t librarians’ critical leadership role as “rem ediators.” Even th ough the audience w as huge, Perlov u sed three interactive exercises to involve us, including a case study that challenged us to apply som e o f th e concepts a n d issues p re ­ sented. I heard several colleagues rem ark about h ow similar th e case issues w ere to those at their institutions. E n th u s ia s tic , d y n a m ic , funny, gutsy, an d spirited are all w ords to describe Perlov’s presentation style and content as she m o d eled th e leader­ ship characteristics discussed. C omforting to all o f us w ere h e r sum m ary com m ents that included: there is n o o n e best style of leadership and there is n o recipe o r tem plate for le a d e rs h ip ; it c o m e s fro m practice by trial an d error and learning from success and fail­ Septem ber 1 9 9 6 / 4 8 9 u re .— B o n n ie Gratch, St. M a ry’s Col­ lege o f C alifornia U nleashing the po w er of flexible thinking T h e s e c o n d session o f th e ACRL President’s Program featured Manny E lk in d (C o n s e n s u s M a n a g e m e n t G roup) as th e facilitator. Elkind stim ulated a responsive audience for the three-hour program into a participatory look at the w ay p e o p le think. H e led th e w ay for everyone to learn h o w individuals N e w Y ork p r o v e d t o b e a w e lc o m in g c o n f e r e n c e s ite fo r m o s t a tte n d e e s .can change perspectives to avoid getting stuck and to find w ays to im prove com ­ m u n icatio n a n d relationships. As Elkind re­ vealed, this is o n e o f the vital issues in leader­ ship. Building o n th e previous o p en in g session, a n d thro u g h discussion an d exercises, h e in­ troduced th e concept o f the W hole Brain Model, w hich profiles thinking preferences: th e four quadrants are FACTS, FORM, FUTURES, an d FEELINGS, w hich evolve into RATIONAL SELF, SAFEKEEPING SELF, EXPERIMENTAL SELF, and FEELING SELF. Each quadrant is associated w ith a color that identifies a type o f thinking an d th e participants identified them selves as o n e o r tw o of th e types an d becam e color-conscious. By un derstanding o n e ’s ow n brain process an d w h at colors each p art is, th en understanding th at others have different m odels, individuals w ere o n th e w ay to com m unicating an d learn­ ing w ith m ore flexibility. Leadership evolves from understanding ho w different m odes o f per­ ception an d decision-m aking can h elp p roduce a m ore effective organization. As leaders, w e can establish rap p o rt w ith others, sell o u r ideas, solve problem s, an d enjoy w h at w e are doing using the lessons learn ed here. N one o f these concepts are static; thinking p references change w ith life changes an d w ith physiological changes. T here is interaction b e ­ tw een th e brain an d th e body. Inconsistency is p art o f life, an d individuals’ behavior m ay not reflect w h at is ex p ected from th e m odel. Flex­ ibility is a key factor in leadership. T he leader m ust b e able to step into an o th er p e rs o n ’s cul­ ture w ith u n d erstanding a n d acceptance. With hum or, w onderful exam ples, exercises that m ad e th e participants look at them selves a n d think ab o u t thinking, Elkind left th e audi­ e n c e w ith n e w u n d e rs ta n d in g o n h o w th e W hole Brain M odel w orks, an d w ith a n a p p re ­ siva D nellE yra M :tiderc oto Ph ciation of using this m odel in preparing for lead­ e rsh ip .— F e m e B. H ym a n , Rice University Creating your future The President’s Program concluded w ith a third session in w hich each participant w as given an opportunity to assess his or h e r leadership style as defined by th e four categories p resen ted in session tw o. D adie Perlov o p e n e d th e session by stressing the im portance o f librarians assum ­ ing leadership roles in th e “Inform ation Age.” She cited the failure o f American railroad com ­ panies to assum e a leadership role in transpor­ tation as an exam ple o f w h at can h a p p e n w h en a gro u p is bypassed by technology a n d /o r so­ cial change. Participants w ere ask ed to conduct personal leadership inventories in w hich they identified their m ost im portant leadership achievem ents. Participants th en review ed th e criteria u se d to determ ine th e relative im portance o f different accom plishm ents an d th e role each individual had played in his or he r achievem ent. Real lead­ ership results w h e n individuals internalize the goals a n d objectives o f a project. L eadership is creating th e environm ent in w hich th e m em ­ bers o f a gro u p can accom plish d esired ends. T he session e n d e d w ith a discussion of “o r­ ganizational traps,” forces that underm ine the ability of a gro u p to function as a unit o r to direct its e n e rg ie s in a p articu lar direction: 1) th e w e /th e y syndrom e, 2) lack o f m otiva­ tion a n d accountability, 3) dem ocracy (lack of co n sen su s o n decisions), 4) conflict, a n d 5) overload an d burnout. T he overall m essage o f the p rogram w as that o n e has to un d erstan d th e fram ew ork from w hich various individuals view th e w orld in ord er to m axim ize their integration into an ef­ fective organization. Leadership is the ability 4 9 0 /C & RL News to identify individuals’ areas o f strength an d potential and to draw u p o n these to su p p o rt the efforts of an organization. Leadership can b e exercised from th e top, m iddle, o r ev en bottom o f th e organization.— Stan to n F. Biddle, B aruch College, City University o f N ew York Librarians tour Black Culture Library T he to u r o f the Schom burg C enter for Research in Black Culture at th e N ew York Public Li­ brary w as sp o n so red by ACRL’s Afro-American Studies Librarians Section (AFAS), the Black Cau­ cus o f ALA (BCALA), a n d th e N ew York Black Librarians Caucus. T he tour, co n d u cted by the staff o f th e Re­ search Center, consisted o f visits to th e G en­ eral R esearch an d Reference Collection w ith hold in g s o f 125,000 volum es, 85,000 m icro­ forms, 400 black new spapers, an d 6,000 serials from a ro u n d th e w orld. T he to u r th e n p ro ­ c eed ed through th e rem aining four special col­ lections of prim ary resources: 1) Manuscripts, Archives, a n d Rare Books, 2) Arts an d Artifacts, 3) P hotographs an d Prints, and 4) Im aging an d R ecorded Sound. Viewers w ere sh o w n a short film created by the Im aging Division o n the history o f th e Schom burg C enter em phasizing th e contributions o f Auturo Alfonso Schomburg. Jam es Briggs Murray, th e narrator o f the film a n d curator, discussed the process o f digitizing th e collection to m ake it accessible to a w ider audience in the technological age. Time w as sp en t accessing the digitized col­ lection via th e Internet a n d th e W orld W ide W eb and receiving an introduction to the BCALA h o m e p a g e c o n stru c te d b y R ochelle B allard ( U n iv e r s ity o f C e n tr a l F lo r id a ) a n d J o n C aw thorne (University o f O regon). V iew ers visited th e cu rren t exhibit, “T he Schom burg Legacy— D ocum enting th e Global Black E xperience for the 21st C entury,” w hich is a selection o f items in various m edia from th e center’s collections that d o cu m en t a range o f issues an d them es in th e historical an d cul­ tural developm ent o f African p eo p le worldw ide. In the program following the tour, AFAS gave m em orial tributes to tw o outstanding African American librarians: Gladys Smiley Bell (Kent State University) profiled D orothy B urnett Por­ te r W esley an d M ichael C. W alker (Virginia C o m m o n w e a lth U n iv ersity ) p ro f ile d D oris Hargrett Clack. T hen Stanton Biddle (Baruch College, CUNY, an d BCALA chair) p resen ted to the Schomburg Research Center Culture Keep­ ers an d C ulture Keepers II, th e published an d ta p e d p roceedings that do cu m en t th e first and seco n d N ational C onferences o f African Ameri­ can Librarians.— B e n n ie P. R obinson ‚ Univer­ sity o f A kron The intersection of archives, libraries, and museums In “A nthropological D ocum entation a n d Re­ search in the N ew York Area: T he Intersection o f Archives, Libraries, an d M useum s,” Barbara Mathe (M etropolitan Museum o f Art) reinforced m ost effectively n o t only th e interdisciplinary a n d cross-cultural them e o f the A nthropology a n d Sociology Section (ANSS) program , b u t the leadership focus o f the ACRL program as well. She exhorted librarians to b e leaders w h o co n ­ tinue to learn ab o u t th e subjects o f their collec­ tions an d form ulate answ ers to questions that h av en ’t even b e e n asked. M athe’s discussion revolved aro u n d various a p p ro ach es to th e arts o f Africa, O ceania, an d th e Americas, ranging from art as material culture to art as aesthetic object, an d h o w th ese app ro ach es are reflected in the literature ab o u t these arts. Mathe w as o n e o f three participants to speak a b o u t th e relationship b e tw e e n m useum s and libraries. D eirdre Lawrence (Brooklyn M useum Library) provided valuable insights into the limi­ tations o f docum entation surrounding m ost sys­ tem atic ethnographic collections by contrast­ ing research collections o n art and ethnography o f th e Americas assem bled by Stew art Culin an d H erbert J. Spinden, tw o cu rators at th e M useum betw een 1903 an d 1950. Valerie W heat (American M useum o f Natural History Library) discussed th e challenges that m useum libraries face as their role w ithin th e m useum continues to b e redefined. T he H um an Relations Area Files (HRAF), fo u n d ed in 1949 at Yale University, facilitate th e com parative study o f h u m an society by collecting an d organizing ethnographic m ateri­ als, am ong them w orks pub lish ed u n d e r the auspices o f research m useum s. Melvin Em ber (president o f HRAF) shared w ith the audience exciting plans for e x p an d in g an d im proving HRAF in th e n e a r future by updating th e eth ­ n ographic database, adding a p rehistory data­ base, a n d im proving sam pling p rocedures.— M aija M. Lutz, H arvard University The electronic horizon for the college library W ith tight budgets, h o w can college libraries close th e resource gap w ith larger university Septem ber 199 6 / 491 libraries? A nd h o w can college li­ brarians beco m e leaders in the tech­ nological revolution? N ew technolo­ g i e s f o r e l e c t r o n i c j o u r n a l publication m ay provide th e m eans. In “T he Electronic H orizon fo r th e College Library: Electronic Journals a n d O th e r N e w T e c h n o lo g i e s ,” sp o n s o re d by th e College Libraries Section, three projects fu n d ed by the M ellon F oun dation w ere featured. M oderator Neil McElroy (Lafay­ e t t e C o ll e g e ) i n t r o d u c e d R ick Eckm an (M ellon Foundation), w h o d escrib ed his fo u n d atio n ’s interest in prom oting th ese pilot projects in o rd er to help college libraries stretch their dollars. E ckm an ex p lain ed that JS T O R , a c o o p e r a t i v e e f f o r t la u n c h e d b y M ellon, sto res e lec­ tronically th e pre-1990 issues o f 10 core journals in econo m ics a n d his­ to ry , lin k in g a se a rc h e n g in e to b it m a p p e d te x t. C o n n ie D o w e ll (C o n n e c tic u t C ollege) a n d Willis B ridegam (A m herst C ollege) to ld h o w th ey h ad n eg o tiated a gro u p d isco u n t for som e 60 m em bers of th e O berlin G roup— a consortium o f c o lle g e lib ra rie s — to b e c o m e ch arter subscribers to Project Muse, a M ellon-funded project th at p ro ­ vides W eb access to th e journals published b y the Jo h n s H opkins University Press journals b e available u n d e r the m o st recen t software? H ow will copyright b e tracked? H ow will w e access inform ation w e have not bought? A nd h o w w ill a rc h iv e s b e c o o rd in a te d ? — D a m o n D. H ickey, The College o f Wooster f Leadership on the cybercam pus f commons In th e E xtended C am pus Library Services Sec­ tion/C om m unity a n d Ju n io r College Libraries Section collaborative contribution to this y ear’s ACRL th e m e o f “E very L ibrarian a L ead er,” ­ “L eadership o n the C ybercam pus C om m ons: ­ W here Are We in th e Vision?” three sen io r aca­ d em ic officers describ ed th eir institutions’ u se o f inform ation technology in reaching o u t to all students, an d discussed questions ab o u t lead­ ership in overcom ing lim itations o f tim e an d t place. Progress d e p e n d s o n a w h o le n e w w ay o f thinking— “lo o k in g o u tsid e th e b o x ”— for ­ n e w stra te g ie s to a p p ro a c h c u rr e n t n e e d s. l S peakers w ere Jam es Hall (E m pire State Uni­ u s in g n o n p ro p r ie ta ry c lie n t-se rv e r so ftw are (M osaic) a n d th e In tern et infrastructure. Richard M eyer (Trinity University, T exas) d iscu ssed d e v e lo p m e n t o f th e th ird M ellon- sp o n s o re d effort, th e Palladian Alliance, w hich brings cam p u sw id e access to th e full text o journals th ro u g h o u t th e A ssociated Colleges o th e M idwest th ro u g h a consortial subscription to FirstSearch, including th e UMI indexes an d th e full text o f journal articles in ASCII format. All th e sp eak ers em p h asized the im portance o f consortial co o p eratio n in creating an d p ro viding low er-cost electronic access. In his re sp o n se, Paul G herm an (V anderbilt University) ra ise d a series o f q u e stio n s. Will elec tro n ic publication increase o r d ecrease th e m o nopoly p o w e r o f journal publishers? Will it b e th ere in th e future? Will e a c h p u b lish er h av e a differen fro n t end? H o w w ill p a s t s u b s c rip tio n s b e tracked for archiving? W ho w ill p ay for refresh ing electronically stored information? Will al 4 9 4 /C & RL News versity); Richard Skinner (Clayton State College); an d Gilbert G onzalez (Mesa State College). Q uestions from m oderator Nancy Allen (Uni­ versity of D enver) included: W hat has changed a b o u t y o u r cam p u s en v iro n m e n t’s n e e d for leadership? W hat are som e com m on them es in the different settings? What, if anything, needs to be ch an g ed ab o u t the library com m unity on th e cybercam pus? a n d W hat is in place to re­ educate faculty w h o have n o t recognized new w ays o f doing business? A central idea involved a student-centered convergence o f resources, offering a m ultiplicity o f w ays to learn. T he teac h er/m en to r becom es an intellectual coach, o r a ru d d er to k e e p each stu d en t o n course, probably using e-m ail for asynchronous com ­ m unication. T he im m ense financial cost of inform ation technology w as acknow ledged: for it to b e ad­ eq u ate it m ust b e pervasive in o rd er to reach th e critical m ass an d to provide a level playing field. Much m ore su p p o rt is n e e d e d for p e r­ sonnel— th e “hu m an infrastructure”— to learn their n ew roles. T he student-centered focus will d em an d a leap to an o th er dim ension in our already strong service ethic in o rd er to give every learner th e attention a n d service m ade possible by high-quality connectivity. Funding will d e p e n d o n forging n e w p art­ nerships, creating n ew revenue streams, and linking diverse organizations that are data an d inform ation rich. To m ove a h e a d in th e best w ay possible, the profession will n e e d risk-tak­ ing individuals w ith vision a n d foresight w ho are o p e n to n e w ideas “from outside the acad ­ em y,” a n d w h o credit th e ideas of th o se w ho im plem ent the program s. T he reality will not b e a w holesale m ovem ent from th e old m o d ­ els to the new , b u t will b e a shift to w ard in­ cluding the n ew w ith the old, incorporating all learning options to provide a path for lifelong learning.— Laura Bottoms, Rogers State College, a n d Betsy Hine, In d ia n a State University Political cam paigning in cyberspace The Law an d Political Science Section (LPSS) program , “Political C am paigning in Cyberspace: Selecting Leaders for the Future,” focused on W eb sites offering voting an d cam paign infor­ m ation. Adelaide B. Elm (Project Vote Smart) w as featured, an d th e section unveiled its p ro ­ gram W eb page. Elm sh o w ed a Project Vote Smart videotaped public service a n n o u n cem en t w ith actor Ed­ w ard Jam es O lm os an d ask ed th e audience to Septem ber 199 6 / 4 9 5 think a b o u t politics an d election cam paigns as they are conducted today: w h at w o u ld have h a p p e n e d if T hom as Jefferson h a d w ritten the C onstitution o n a personal com puter, an d the reactions of peo p le like Jefferson to th e quality o f inform ation available to voters today. Elm th e n explained h o w m ost p e o p le feel ab o u t this quality by citing a recen t League of W om en Voters poll in w hich 57% o f nonvoters w o u ld rather w ork overtim e for extra m oney than vote a n d 30% w o u ld rather sh o p sales. In a n o th e r poll, 55% o f n o n v o ters an d 60% of voters feel there is n o t en o u g h inform ation to m ake an inform ed vote. Many p eo p le, she ad d ed , feel this w ay b e ­ cause o f the kind o f advertisem ents u sed by candidates. She sh o w ed a video m ontage of political cam paign ads from the 1950s to the late 1980s. T hese included an ad created in 1988 by su pp orters o f A rizona Senatorial candidate Richard Kimball against incum bent Jo h n McCain. Kimball, w h o lost this election, decid ed th ere n e e d e d to b e a nonpartisan g ro u p to let voters kn o w how candidates really feel ab o u t issues rather th an being subjected to visions o f candidates as cre­ ated by pollsters, spin doctors, an d the candidates them selves. T hus th e C enter for N ational In d ep en d en ce in Politics and Project Vote Smart w ere born. T he Project b eg an its trial run in 1990, providing resum es o f candidates, voting, an d biographical inform ation o f those run­ ning for office. T he key to these reports, “T he N ational Political A w areness T est” [NPAT], w as d e v e lo p e d to p ro v id e th e P aul C o le m a n o f W est T e x a s A&M U n iv e r sity p u lls th e n a m e o f th e w in n e r o f a n ACRL b a se b a ll ca p . 50 scholarly discussion lists an d electronic confer­ ne ences. (Ed. note: see pages 000–00 for th e In­ ternet resource list d ev elo p ed as a com panion a to the program .) c­ In closing, Elm said the Vote Smart W eb Yel­ w low Pages will b e available for th e public b e ­ lm g inning in August. To receive a free co p y of n e the Voter’s S elfD efense M a n u a l or the Vote Sm art e, Web Guide, you can call (541) 754-2746.— B ria n of B. Carpenter, Texas A&M University er­ a­ Instructional models for Internet ed training c­ In “Instructional M odels for Internet Training: fs T eaching Trainers W ho T each Library U sers,” to sp o n so red by th e Professional E ducation Com­ mittee, speakers from a variety o f academ ic set­ public w ith unb iased inform ation o n poli­ ticians running for office. The Project o b ­ tained funding to provide its services to all states in 1992 an d a Voters Research H otli w as established. Inform ation is available to voters through toll-free 800 n u m b er w hich allows p e o p le a cess to three m inutes o f inform ation o n h o th e candidates feel ab o u t different issues. E relayed o n e h u m orous incident in w hich o caller, w h o tu rn ed o u t to b e a w an ted fugitiv ask ed if h e could b e arrested if h e cam e o u t hiding to vote. In 1990 the national m edia ov w h elm ed th e system w hile seeking inform tion o n th e candidates. So th e Project creat an online database especially desig n ed for a cess by the national m edia an d issues brie w hich are free to journalists an d available th e public for a small cost. In m entioning the Project’s W eb page, Elm n o te d that although only 3% o f th e total public, o r 1 in 5 co m p u ter users, have accessed the W eb, th e n u m b er o f p e o p le w anting candidate inform ation is grow ing. T he Project’s W eb site can provide a variety o f inform ation o n candi­ dates an d th e issues, including legislation sta­ tus tracking o n a daily basis. Elm n o ted that the only stipulation is that th e organization w ould love to b e credited for being th e source o f the inform ation. Jan Lewis (Virginia C om m onw ealth Univer­ sity), a m em ber o f the LPSS Library Instruction C om m ittee, d em o n strated th e se c tio n ’s W eb program page. Each section of the site w as do n e by a different m em ber o f th e com m ittee an d includes W eb sites for political parties, prim a­ ries a n d conventions, Presidential candidates a n d issues, state an d local candidates, n o n p a r­ tisan groups, new s coverage an d analysis, an d siva D nellE yra M :tiderc too Ph 4 9 6 /C& RL News tings described several approaches to training. Com m on them es included: com bining com ­ pu ter literacy instruction w ith the earliest Inter­ net classes; th e n e e d for rapid developm ent o training sessions as new technologies appear; training nonlibrarians, including student peers, to provide Internet training; an d cooperating closely w ith the cam pus com puting center. Lorelei Tanji described the six different train­ ing m odels u se d at th e University o f California, Irvine. In th e fast-rack m odel, trainers included library staff, g rad u ate students, o r academ ic com puting personnel— anyone w ith th e ex p er­ tise to provide as-needed training sessions. (In­ form ation o n th e o ther m odels can b e fo u n d at h ttp ://su n 3 .lib .u ci.ed u /~ ltan ji/p ec.h tm .) Mary Jane Petrowski (Colgate University) de­ scribed her experiences at a small, private lib­ eral arts institution. For o n e faculty/staff devel­ o p m en t program , collaboration am ong cam pus units, including the libraries, resulted in the creation o f a clearinghouse of training material that could be u sed b y any trainer needing to teach on a given topic. In an o th er cooperative effort, librarians w o rk ed closely w ith faculty to design curricula w ith meaningful research com ­ ponents. This w as an opportunity to teach fac­ ulty to see them selves as “netw orked informa­ tion resources” trainers, a role w ith w hich they m ay have b e e n unfamiliar. Betsy W ilson (University o f W ashington) d e ­ scribed h e r university’s Uwired project, a col­ laboration of librarians, professors, an d com ­ f pu ter professionals to integrate “electronic com ­ m unication an d inform ation navigation skills into instruction an d learning.” W ilson em p h a­ sized the im portance o f integrating Internet skill training into staff developm ent, focussing on g ood teaching an d providing training at the time o f n e e d so that it can b e reinforced via im m e­ diate application. (Further inform ation about th e project can be found at h ttp ://w w w .cac. w ash in g to n .ed u /u w ire d /u w ired .h tm l.)— R ich­ a r d Sapon-W hite, Oregon State University Beyond the library book sale The Rare B ooks an d M anuscripts Section p ro ­ gram, “B eyond the Library B ook Sale: Leading th e Way into th e M arketplace,” addressed is­ sues for libraries trying to forge relationships th a t a re b e n e fic ia l fo r e c o n o m ic p ro g re ss. Speakers sh o w ed ho w special collections could b e m arketed an d m ade available to a variety of users, w ithout losing sight o f the fundam ental principles o f librarianship. Sally Leach (Harry Ransom Hum anities Re­ search C enter at th e University o f Texas at Aus­ tin) sp o k e o n “W alking the Fine Line” betw een th e scholarly an d com m ercial values o f collec­ tions. H er strongest recom m endation w as to o btain advice from institutional legal council, literary ag en ts, a n d o th e r lib rarian s b e fo re plunging into the w orld of publishing, licens­ ing, and prom otional agreem ents. She suggested exploring thoroughly th e library’s rights an d re­ sponsibilities “before, rather th an after, selling Order your Annual Conference audiocassettes A udiocassettes o f selected ACRL program s from the 1996 ALA Annual Conference in New York are now available. Each program co n ­ sists o f tw o cassettes an d sells for $24.00, unless otherw ise noted. L ead ersh ip o n th e C yb ercam p u s C om ­ m o n s: W here Are We in th e V ision? 1 cas­ sette, $12.00. O rder no. ALA 603 ACRL P r e sid e n t’s Program : E very Li­ b rarian a Leader. O rder no. ALA 605 A n th r o p o lo g ic a l D o c u m e n ta tio n & Re­ s e a r c h in th e N ew Y ork Area: T he In ter­ s e c tio n o f A rch ives, Libraries & M useum s. O rder no. ALA 611 C o lla b o r a t iv e S o lu t io n s to T e c h n o ­ stress: L ibraries Lead th e W ay. O rder no. ALA 634 F rom U n it M anager to T eam Captain: L ead ersh ip Sk ills in th e R e-en g in eered Li­ brary. O rder no. ALA 618 T hat’s N ot W hat I W as H ired to Do: The Future o f Y our C areer a n d Y ou r C areer in th e Future. 1 cassette, $12.00. O rder no. ALA 628 B ey o n d th e Library B o o k Sale: L eading th e W ay In to th e M arketplace. O rder no. ALA 647 A udiocassettes for o th er program s are also available. Call, write, o r fax your o rder o r a request for an o rder form to: T each’em , 160 E. Illinois St., Suite 300, Chicago, IL 606 l l ; (312) 467-0424; fax: (312) 467-9271 o r (800) 225-3775. You m ay pay by check (payable to T each’em ) o r credit card (VISA, MC, AMEX). http://sun3.lib.uci.edu/~ltanji/pec.htm http://www.cac Septem ber 1 9 9 6 / 4 9 7 th e farm .” She also stressed th e n e e d to have w ritten guidelines a n d ag reem ents for th e p u b ­ lishing an d u se o f m aterials. Overall, h e r ad ­ vice for p ro ceed in g into m arketing special col­ lections w as to negotiate for fairness, learn the art o f consensus an d com prom ise, an d kn o w the collection w ell en o u g h to determ ine w hat materials are b e st suited to this use. R obert Ritchie (H untington Library) sp o k e o n “Selling Images: T he E xperience o f O ne In­ stitution.” H e stated that his ex p erien ces can b e ap p lied to all institutions w ith visual h o ld ­ ings, since d em an d for such items is increasing an d m ore requests for u se are b ein g received from nontypical users. H e reco u n ted th e deci­ sion to u se a stockhouse that w as already in th e b u sin e ss o f m a rk e tin g im ages a n d h a d guidelines in place for m any legalities a n d the staff to provide quality images quickly. The n eed for retaining control over im ages w as em p h a­ sized, as w as th e n e e d to ask q uestions o f p a­ trons in o rd e r to d eterm ine h o w these im ages w ere to b e used. Ritchie also reco m m en d ed form ulating contracts th at cover areas o f co n ­ cern an d developing negotiable fee structures.— K atherine Fox, University o f H ouston Accessing libra r y / a rchive collections in Russia and Eastern Europe Scholars from various disciplines are finding valuable materials in th e libraries o f Russia an d Eastern Europe. S peakers at th e Slavic an d East E uropean Section program , “N ew Audiences, N ew Perspectives: T he Role of th e Slavic an d East E u ro p ean Specialist in Support o f Non- Slavic a n d East E uropean Studies,” described projects aim ed at using, docum enting, an d p re ­ serving these collections. Myra D. O rth (G etty C enter, em erita) par­ ticipated in a G etty C enter project that m icro­ film ed illum inated m anuscripts o f th e Academ y o f Sciences Library in St. P etersburg a n d the National M useum in Prague. Each o f th e rep ro ­ ductions w as p la n n e d by a n archivist. The in­ stitutions involved received negatives an d mi­ crofilm copies o f the originals. D avid E. Fishm an (Jewish Theological Semi­ nary, YIVO) p o in te d ou t th at som e types o f materials have n o t b e e n available in the West. Several projects aim ed at im proving access to this material are u n d e r w ay, including Project Judaica, w hich trains specialists in Russia to care for archival materials. Elizabeth A. R. B row n (B rooklyn College, em e rita ), d e s c r ib e d h o w tra in in g p ro v id e d thro u g h IREX (the International R esearch an d Exchanges B oard) en h a n c e d the success o f her research at the Saltykov-Shchedrin Public Li­ brary, w h ich ho u ses a n extensive collection o f m edieval m anuscripts. IREX train ed B row n to use the library an d in tro d u ced h e r to Russian- sp eak in g colleagues. B row n w o n d e re d h o w o th er scholars could receive similar assistance. D iscussant R obert A. K arlow ich (Pratt Institute) reiterated this p ro b le m a n d em p h a siz e d the n e e d to u nite scholars w ith resources. H e sug­ gested that the Internet m ight b e o n e w ay o f g a th e rin g a n d u p d a tin g in fo rm a tio n .—J u lie S w ann, University o f N ebraska-Lincoln The changing face of European studies C oncern for the “C hanging Face o f E uropean S tudies” a n d w h a t it p o rte n d s for collection dev elo p m en t w as th e focus o f a program s p o n ­ so red by th e W estern E uropean Specialists Sec­ tion an d th e Slavic an d East E uropean Section. Leena Siegelbaum (M ichigan State University) n o te d that until recently “E urope w as stable, predictable, an d b o rin g .” Now, since th e en d o f the Cold W ar, researchers are dem onstrating re n e w e d interest in th e area. But, as m oderator Martha B rogan (Yale University) p o in ted out, their investigations are becom ing increasingly p ro b lem -o rien ted , cen te rin g less o n specific geographic locations th a n o n border-crossing issues such as m igration, m ulticulturalism , and the dim inished role o f governm ent. Siegelbaum suggested th at collecting for this kind o f re­ search may require m ore cooperative planning am ong libraries in o rd e r to b uild c o m p reh en ­ sive collections. An exam ple o f international cooperation was pro v id ed by Marcelino U galde (University o f N ev ad a-R en o ), w h o d e s c r ib e d h is lib ra ry ’s u n iq u e collection an d his collaboration w ith institutions in th e B asque countries. A project to p ro d u c e a CD-ROM index o f seven daily n ew sp ap ers is u n d e r w ay there. T he utility o f m aking research materials ac­ cessible electronically w as em phasized by David Magier (C olum bia University). Calling th e In­ tern et a “great library, b u t o n e w h e re th e p a ­ trons ad d the b ooks an d decid e w h e re they shelve,” h e stressed th e im portance o f access b y subject, a n d a d v ise d th a t b ib lio g rap h ers should concentrate o n evaluation an d an n o ta­ tio n o f W eb sites, w hile others co u ld b e re­ sp o n s ib le for m o re tech n ical tasks.— N a n c y B oem er, In d ia n a U niversity-Bloom ington 4 9 8 /C & RL News Librarians develop w o m en ’s studies electronic resources Since th e inception of w o m e n ’s studies as a discipline, accessing th e published literature has b e e n a constant problem . T he program “Lead­ ership an d Collaboration: Librarians D evelop W om en’s Studies Electronic R esources,” s p o n ­ sored by the W om en’s Studies Section, th e Afro- A m erican Studies Section, th e ALA Comm ittee on th e Status o f W om en in Librarianship, and the Social R esponsibilities R ound Table Femi­ nist Task Force, provided som e solutions. The existing obstacles to accessing the p u b ­ lished literature are d u e in p art to 1) p o o r re p ­ resentation o f resources in th e various indexes an d databases, 2) inadequate subject headings, an d 3) com plex search strategies. A lthough the change in form at o f th e public catalog an d in­ dexes has contributed positively to accessibil­ ity, th e problem still persists. In h e r presentation, “Fantasies, Foibles, and Facts: P rom oting W o m en ’s Studies O n lin e ,” Phyllis W eisbard (W isconsin Library System) encouraged librarians to publish full-length bib­ liographies a n d full-text articles directly o n the W eb, an d to encourage CD-ROM vendors to cover a b ro ad er range o f w o m e n ’s studies re­ sources an d simplify search strategies. Gladys Smiley Bell (Kent State University) dem onstrated online h o w to u se various Inter­ net indexes to identify resources o n w om en— African A m erican w o m e n in particular—an d h o w to create links to h o m ep ag e s to enh an ce access in spite o f n o specificity capability to lock out irrelevant resources. T he lack o f speci­ ficity capability in searching th e Net using ei­ th e r o f th e various search engines is a chal­ lenge to vendors to refine their products. The construction o f a database is difficult. It requires negotiating w ith publishers co ncern­ ing w h o ow ns w hat, converting an d digitizing the printed w ord, securing the appropriate soft­ w are platform , an d effectively ind ex in g the various w orks w ith the help o f librarians. Ralph Ferragamo (Softlink, Inc.) discussed a new prod­ uct called “W om en R,” a full-text database for w o m e n ’s studies that has tw o un iq u e features: th e ability to rank sources according to rel­ evancy w ithin th e search results an d the ability to consult a directory for various publishers of resources contained in th e database. Librarians, vendors, an d publishers w orking together, each doing w h at they d o best, can en h an ce the ac­ cessibility o f w o m e n ’s stu d ie s re s o u rc e s.— B e n n ie P. Robinson, University o f A kro n ■ Septem ber 1 9 9 6 / 4 9 9