item: #1 of 5668
          id: crl-10008
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: College and University Library Statistics
        date: 1943-02-28
       words: 10596
      flesch: 82
     summary: Missouri, Springfield, Southwest Missouri State Teachers College Missouri, Warrensburg, Central Missouri State Teachers College Nebraska, Kearney, State Teachers College Nebraska, Peru, State Teachers College New York, Albany, State College for Teachers New York, Geneseo, State Normal School New York, Oswego, State Normal School North Carolina, Greenville, East Carolina Teachers College North Dakota, Valley City, State Teachers College Oklahoma, Edmond, Central State Teachers College Oregon, Ashland, Southern Oregon Col ege of Education Oregon, La Grande, Eastern Oregon College of Education Oregon, Monmouth, College of Education Pennsylvania, West Chester, State Teachers College South Dakota, Aberdeen, Northern State Teachers College South Dakota, Spearfish, Black Hills Teachers College Tennessee, Murfreesboro, State Teachers College Texas, Commerce, East Texas State Teachers College Texas, Denton, North Texas State Teachers College Texas, San Marcos, Southwest Texas State Teachers College Virginia, Harrisonburg, Madison College West Virginia, Fairmont, State Teachers College Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Central State Teachers College Allocation from Institution Budget Other Total 6912 6912 31,566 6833 38,399 8400 8400 23,725 23,725 X l l 2 603 6032 23,618 23,618 23,777 515 24,292 6033 110 6143 7900 7900 5954 2394 8348 i 478 l 9354 9354 Number of Employees in Full-Time Equivalent Median. Missouri, Springfield, Southwest Missouri State Teachers College Missouri, Warrensburg, Central Missouri State Teachers College Nebraska, Kearney, State Teachers College Nebraska, Peru, State Teachers College New York, Albany, State College for Teachers New York, Geneseo, State Normal School New York, Oswego, State Normal School North Carolina, Greenville, East Carolina Teachers College North Dakota, Valley City, State Teachers College Oklahoma, Edmond, Central State Teachers College Oregon, Ashland, Southern Oregon College of Education Oregon, La Grande, Eastern Oregon College of Education Oregon, Monmouth, College of Education Pennsylvania, West Chester, State Teachers College South Dakota, Aberdeen, Northern State Teachers College South Dakota, Spearfish, Black Hills Teachers College Tennessee, Murfreesboro, State Teachers College Texas, Commerce, East Texas State Teachers College Texas, Denton, North Texas State Teachers College Texas,, San Marcos, Southwest Texas State Teachers College Virginia, Harrisonburg, Madison College West Virginia, Fairmont, State Teachers College Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Central State Teachers College High Median Low Student Service Last Fiscal Year Total Hours Rate per Hour for Year Minimum Maximum Number of Months for Which Salary Is Paid Subpro- Profes- sional \/ 13,900 [30 : 4 o 12 333 1 .. -1
    keywords: college; library; state teachers; teachers college; university
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        item: #2 of 5668
          id: crl-10011
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Engineering School Libraries Section; Nominations for A.C.R.L. Officers
        date: 1943-02-28
       words: 7513
      flesch: 95
     summary: L e o n a r d , R u t h S. Libraries of Teacher-Training Institutions Section A r m s t r o n g , H a z e l , chairman (librarian, State T e a c h e r s C o l l e g e , T e r r e H a u O r r , f o r m e r l y reference librarian of I
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10011.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10011.txt

        item: #3 of 5668
          id: crl-10012
      author: Little, Evelyn Steel
       title: War Activities of College and Research Libraries
        date: 1943-05-31
       words: 25220
      flesch: 77
     summary: T h e r e are other institutions in which the library's function in the past has been strictly limited and often relatively unnoticed by those w h o made use of its facilities. T h e r e is recogni- tion that the basic function of education remains the same and that for certain in- dividuals and population groups it must be carried on w i t h as little dislocation as possible, but that the w a r adds other tasks thereto w h
    keywords: e l; e n; e r; h e; h o; l l; n o; n t; o r; o u; r m; r t; r y; t e; t h; t o; w e; w h; w o
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10012.pdf
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        item: #4 of 5668
          id: crl-10020
      author: McEwen, Robert W.
       title: The North Central Association's 1943 Survey of College and University Libraries
        date: 1943-05-31
       words: 7109
      flesch: 108
     summary: o n s r e p r e s e n t e d b y m e m - b e r s o f t h e c o m m i t t e e . a i n b y t h e c o m m i t t e e .
    keywords: e e; e s; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10020.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10020.txt

        item: #5 of 5668
          id: crl-10021
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Publication Program of the A.C.R.L.; News from the Field; Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors of A.C.R.L. Chicago, January 31 and February 1, 1943
        date: 1943-05-31
       words: 36987
      flesch: 113
     summary: o s t e t t e r . r i a l C o m m i t t e e o r t o o t h e r
    keywords: e e; e r; t e; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10021.pdf
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        item: #6 of 5668
          id: crl-10023
      author: Henkle, Herman H.
       title: Principles and Practice of Administrative Organization in the University Library
        date: 1943-08-31
       words: 20476
      flesch: 115
     summary: T h e r e o r g a o f g e n e r a l i n - t e r e s t i n p u b l
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10023.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10023.txt

        item: #7 of 5668
          id: crl-10024
      author: Cundiff, Ruby Ethel
       title: The Use of Records in College Teaching
        date: 1943-08-31
       words: 12727
      flesch: 114
     summary: d u l e c l a s s e s t h e r e t o h e a r p r o g r a m s r e q u e d e p a r t m e n t s i n t e r e s t e d .
    keywords: r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10024.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10024.txt

        item: #8 of 5668
          id: crl-10026
      author: Davidson, John S.
       title: The Use of Books in a College Library
        date: 1943-08-31
       words: 6860
      flesch: 112
     summary: i n t e r e s t a s b a c k g r o u n d f d y r e v e a l o t h e r i n t e r e s t
    keywords: e r; e t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10026.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10026.txt

        item: #9 of 5668
          id: crl-10027
      author: Smith, Jessie J.
       title: Looking Forward with Student Assistants
        date: 1943-08-31
       words: 4560
      flesch: 62
     summary: It is also our busi- ness to squash the pumpkins who think they would like library work because they would always rather read than study or work. Selection of student assistants by tlte librarian through a year's training and the rotation of library tasks to give famili- arity with as many phases of library work as possible have been the outstanding fea- tures of our program.
    keywords: course; library; student; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10027.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10027.txt

        item: #10 of 5668
          id: crl-10028
      author: Ulrich, Carolyn F.
       title: New Periodicals of 1943-Part I
        date: 1943-08-31
       words: 3048
      flesch: 58
     summary: American Arbitration Asso- ciation, 9 Rockefeller Plaza, New York City, v. r, no. r January I943· Monthly. Peruvian-American As· sociation, inc., I r r Fulton St., New York City.
    keywords: american; articles; new; v. r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10028.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10028.txt

        item: #11 of 5668
          id: crl-10030
      author: Boyd, Anne M.
       title: The United States Government As Publisher (Book Review)
        date: 1943-08-31
       words: 1502
      flesch: 50
     summary: In the words of the author the purpose of the study has been to discover the scope of the subject content of the present output of the publishing offices of the SEPTEMBER, 1943 United States government and to trace the trend of subject emphasis in govern- ment publications since the turn of the century. The general trend over the forty-year period has been upward for both, although in general the increase in expenditures for printing and processing government publications has not kept pace with the corresponding increase in operat- ing expenditures for the government over the same period.
    keywords: government; publications
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10030.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10030.txt

        item: #12 of 5668
          id: crl-10032
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Meeting of the Librarians of Middle Western Research Libraries
        date: 1943-08-31
       words: 2719
      flesch: 49
     summary: SEPTEMBER, 1943 Mr. Metcalf presented a proposal ongt- nating with a committee of the consultants of the Librarian of Congress for a division of responsibility among American libraries, on the national level, in the acquiring and recording of library materials. The following institu- tions were represented: Indiana University, Robert A. Miller, librarian; Iowa State College, Frances Warner, serials librarian; John Crerar Library, K. L. Taylor, chief, reference department; Michigan State Col- lege, Jackson E. Towne, librarian; New- berry Library, Stanley M. Pargellis, li- brarian; Northwestern University, Effie A. Keith, acting librarian; Ohio State Univer- sity, Earl N. Manchester, librarian; Purdue University, William M. Hepburn, librarian; State University of Iowa, Grace Van Wor- mer, acting librarian; University of Chi- cago, Ralph A. Beals, director of libraries; University of Illinois, Carl M. White, direc- tor of libraries; University of Michigan, Warner G. Rice, director of libraries; U ni- versity of Minnesota, Frank K. Walter, university librarian; University of M is- souri, Benjamin E. Powell, librarian; Uni- versity of Nebraska, Stephen A. McCarthy, director of libraries.
    keywords: collection; librarian; libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10032.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10032.txt

        item: #13 of 5668
          id: crl-10033
      author: Temple, Phillips
       title: The Contribution of College and University Libraries to the Training of the Armed Forces
        date: 1943-11-30
       words: 32877
      flesch: 111
     summary: t e r e s t t o w e v e r , t h e m o s t i n t e r e s
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; r t; t e; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10033.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10033.txt

        item: #14 of 5668
          id: crl-10035
      author: Osborn, Andrew D.
       title: The New England Deposit Library
        date: 1943-11-30
       words: 16149
      flesch: 112
     summary: r t h e r e is no t n s i v e , as m o r e r e c o
    keywords: e e; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10035.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10035.txt

        item: #15 of 5668
          id: crl-10037
      author: Jackson, William A.
       title: Rare Books at Harvard
        date: 1943-11-30
       words: 8485
      flesch: 113
     summary: e T r e a s u r e R o n g C o m m i t t e e p r o
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10037.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10037.txt

        item: #16 of 5668
          id: crl-10038
      author: Erlandson, Ruth M.
       title: An Analysis of the Work of the Information Desk at the University of Illinois Library
        date: 1943-11-30
       words: 13730
      flesch: 106
     summary: o n s t h a n does t h e m o r e r e s t r i c t e d t i t l e . n s of c u r r e n t class r e s e r v e s ; a l i s t of c u r r e n t
    keywords: e e; e r; e s; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10038.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10038.txt

        item: #17 of 5668
          id: crl-10039
      author: Brown, Helen M.
       title: Conditions Contributing to the Efficient Service of Student Assistants in a Selected Group of College Libraries
        date: 1943-11-30
       words: 8921
      flesch: 96
     summary: r the Jobs Reported and T o t a l N u m b e r of Students E m p l o y e d in E a c h J o b 1 Jobs (in o r d e r of f r e q u I I in o r d e r of f r e q u
    keywords: e n; e r; g e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10039.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10039.txt

        item: #18 of 5668
          id: crl-10047
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: McDiarmid Succeeds Walter at Minnesota; News from the Field
        date: 1943-11-30
       words: 4403
      flesch: 80
     summary: b r a r i a n to librarian of M u r r a y State T e a c h e r s C o l l e g e , M u r r a y , K y . i t a r y govern- ment p r o g r a m .
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10047.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10047.txt

        item: #19 of 5668
          id: crl-10051
      author: Gosnell, Charles F.
       title: Obsolescence of Books in College Libraries
        date: 1944-02-29
       words: 15934
      flesch: 107
     summary: a i t f u r t h e r r e s e a r c h in c l a r i e i n t e r p r e t a t
    keywords: e e; e r; h e; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10051.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10051.txt

        item: #20 of 5668
          id: crl-10052
      author: Wilson, Louis R.
       title: The Library's Role in College Instruction
        date: 1944-02-29
       words: 17870
      flesch: 112
     summary: d e n t re- q u i r e m e n t s b e t t e r t h a n one t y p e of p e r i o d . c e s a c o r r e - s
    keywords: e e; e s; r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10052.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10052.txt

        item: #21 of 5668
          id: crl-10053
      author: Kemp, Frances
       title: From the Librarian's Office to the Faculty
        date: 1944-02-29
       words: 9569
      flesch: 99
     summary: n g t o read l e t t e r a f t e r l e t t e r i n u e d ; l i b r a r y c o m m i t t e e m e e t
    keywords: e r; l t; r t; t e; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10053.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10053.txt

        item: #22 of 5668
          id: crl-10054
      author: Welch, Eleanor Weir
       title: Libraries and the Coming of "Workshops"
        date: 1944-02-29
       words: 4122
      flesch: 67
     summary: Other libraries made no special room arrangements for the workshop groups. Workshops seem to have crept upon libraries in educational institutions with- out making much impression upon them.
    keywords: library; workshop
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10054.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10054.txt

        item: #23 of 5668
          id: crl-10055
      author: Reece, Ernest J.
       title: College and University Library News, 1942-1943
        date: 1944-02-29
       words: 7723
      flesch: 93
     summary: N E S T J. R E E C E 4 : 2 6 2 ; U n i v e r s i t y of R o c h e s t e r .
    keywords: e r; l l; r o; r r; r y
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10055.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10055.txt

        item: #24 of 5668
          id: crl-10056
      author: Ulrich, Carolyn F.
       title: New Periodicals of 1943- Part II
        date: 1944-02-29
       words: 6262
      flesch: 100
     summary: e a p p e a r e d and some i n t e r e s T h e r e are p h o t o g r
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10056.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10056.txt

        item: #25 of 5668
          id: crl-10058
      author: Mier, Kathryn P.
       title: College and University Library Statistics, 1943
        date: 1944-02-29
       words: 12298
      flesch: 84
     summary: Nebraska, Kearney, State Teachers College Nebraska, Peru, State Teachers College New Mexico, Las Vegas, Highlands University New York, Albany, State College for Teachers New York, Geneseo, State Normal School North Carolina, Greenville, East Carolina Teachers College North Dakota, Valley City, State Teachers College Oklahoma, Edmond, Central State Teachers College Oregon, Ashland, Southern Oregon College of Education Oregon, La Grande, Eastern Oregon College of Education Oregon, Monmouth, College of Education Pennsylvania, West Chester, State Teachers College South Dakota, Aberdeen, Northern State Teachers College South Dakota, Spearfish, Black Hills Teachers College Texas, Denton, North Texas State Teachers College Texas, San Marcos, Southwest Texas State Teachers College Virginia, Farmville, State Teachers College Virginia, Harrisonburg, Madison College Wisconsin, Oshkosh, State Teachers College Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Central State Teachers College Nebraska, Kearney, State Teachers College Nebraska, Peru, State Teachers College New Mexico, Las Vegas, Highlands University New York, Albany, State College for Teachers New York, Geneseo, State Normal School North Carolina, Greenville, East Carolina Teachers College North Dakota, Valley City, State Teachers College Oklahoma, Edmond, Central State Teachers College Oregon, Ashland, Southern Oregon College of Education Oregon, La Grande, Eastern Oregon College of Education Oregon, Monmouth, College of Education Pennsylvania, West Chester, State Teachers College South Dakota, Aberdeen, Northern State Teachers College South Dakota, Spearfish, Black Hills Teachers College Texas, Denton, North Texas State Teachers College Texas, San Marcos, Southwest Texas State Teachers College Virginia, Farmville, State Teachers College Virginia, Harrisonburg, Madison College Wisconsin, Oshkosh, State Teachers College Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Central State Teachers College Library Income Last Fiscal Year Number of Employees in Allocation Full-Time Equivalent from Clerical Institution Profes- Subpro- and Budget Other Total sional fessional Other H
    keywords: college; e r; o r; state college; state teachers; teachers college; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10058.pdf
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        item: #26 of 5668
          id: crl-10060
      author: Russell, John R.
       title: Classification and Pay Plans in Institutions of Higher Education (Book Review)
        date: 1944-02-29
       words: 10803
      flesch: 111
     summary: T h e r e is n a t u r a l l y m Classification and Pay Plans for Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education w a s p r e p a r e d by a s u b c o m m i t t e e of the B o a r d on S a l a r i e s , S t a f f , a n d T e n u r e , the m
    keywords: e e; e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10060.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10060.txt

        item: #27 of 5668
          id: crl-10064
      author: Steedman, Helen E.
       title: The Effect of the War on the Loan and Shelf Division of the University of California Library
        date: 1944-05-31
       words: 9356
      flesch: 113
     summary: e n e r a l i n t e r e s t r e a d i i n t e r e s t e d in s t u
    keywords: t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10064.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10064.txt

        item: #28 of 5668
          id: crl-10065
      author: Fay, Lucy E.
       title: Some College Library Investigations at Columbia University
        date: 1944-05-31
       words: 20188
      flesch: 111
     summary: Policies of Journals O n e p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t e r e s t w i l l be of i n t e r e s t to the r e
    keywords: e e; e n; e s; r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10065.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10065.txt

        item: #29 of 5668
          id: crl-10067
      author: Steele, Rea J.
       title: The Book Reviewing Adequacy of Certain Periodicals Relating to Higher Education
        date: 1944-05-31
       words: 15959
      flesch: 111
     summary: b r a r y s u b c o m m i t t e e , e i n t e r p r e t a t
    keywords: e e; r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10067.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10067.txt

        item: #30 of 5668
          id: crl-10068
      author: Metzdorf, Robert F.; Oemisch, Mary E.
       title: War Films in a University Library
        date: 1944-05-31
       words: 1897
      flesch: 63
     summary: Campaign for Films Before any money was spent for equip- ment, a lively letter campaign was begun to solicit films for the collection. already prepared exhibits and reading lists for the conference, and to take care of requests for films did not appear to be a task which would require a great amount of time.
    keywords: films; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10068.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10068.txt

        item: #31 of 5668
          id: crl-10069
      author: Troy, Zeliaette
       title: Librarians and Current Research Publication
        date: 1944-05-31
       words: 1586
      flesch: 58
     summary: Finally, the waging of the battle of books has a bearing on public policy. We as librarians give as good service as we can under the present conditions, but isn't it our duty to offer suggestions where- by the conditions can be improved?
    keywords: policy; printing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10069.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10069.txt

        item: #32 of 5668
          id: crl-10071
      author: Reagan, Agnes
       title: College Library Exhibits: An Investigation and Report
        date: 1944-05-31
       words: 24919
      flesch: 109
     summary: e i n t e r p r e t a t e i n t e r p r e t a t
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; e s; h e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10071.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10071.txt

        item: #33 of 5668
          id: crl-10072
      author: Wilson, Louis R.
       title: Resources of Pacific Northwest Libraries; A Survey of Facilities for Study and Research (Book Review)
        date: 1944-05-31
       words: 19946
      flesch: 114
     summary: t t e e o n t t e e o n
    keywords: e e; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10072.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10072.txt

        item: #34 of 5668
          id: crl-10076
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: A University's Specifications; John Edward Goodwin; Appointments to College and University Library Positions, 1943-44; Summer Quarter Program at the Graduate Library School; News from the Field
        date: 1944-05-31
       words: 9395
      flesch: 89
     summary: n t e r e s t r v i s e t h e
    keywords: e r; e s; h e; r t; s t; t e; t h; t o; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10076.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10076.txt

        item: #35 of 5668
          id: crl-10077
      author: King, Edgar W.
       title: Local War History Materials in College and University Libraries
        date: 1944-08-31
       words: 17898
      flesch: 105
     summary: i c u l a r i n t e r e s t o r s SEPTEMBER, 1944 293 i n s t a n c e s t h e s e l e t t e r s h a v e b e e n p a r t i c u - l a r l y i n t e r e s t i n g i n t h a t t h e y f o r m a s e r i e s f r o m a s i n g l e i
    keywords: e e; e r; e s; t e; t o; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10077.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10077.txt

        item: #36 of 5668
          id: crl-10078
      author: Rider, Fremont
       title: The Future of the Research Library
        date: 1944-08-31
       words: 16066
      flesch: 111
     summary: n g , a s w e l l as t h e t e c h - y w e r e i n t e r e s t e d p r i m a r i
    keywords: e e; r e; t e; t o
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10078.pdf
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        item: #37 of 5668
          id: crl-10079
      author: Henry, Edward A.
       title: Doctoral Dissertations Accepted--Ten Years of History
        date: 1944-08-31
       words: 11173
      flesch: 110
     summary: H o w e v e r , e v e n m o r e i n t e r e s t i n t e r e s t
    keywords: e r; h e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10079.pdf
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        item: #38 of 5668
          id: crl-10080
      author: Church, Randolph
       title: A Library Reorganizes through Building
        date: 1944-08-31
       words: 13982
      flesch: 112
     summary: w i t h an i n t e r p r e t e r , came to the l i b r W h e n the m a t e r i a l s w e r e r e t u r n e d , the i n t e r p r e t e r expressed the g r a t i t u
    keywords: e r; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10080.pdf
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        item: #39 of 5668
          id: crl-10081
      author: Trent, Robert Maxwell
       title: The Personnel Administrator in University Libraries and in Business
        date: 1944-08-31
       words: 10257
      flesch: 111
     summary: n i s t e r t h e m s T h e r e are doubtless as m a n y cases of m a l
    keywords: e e; e r; t e
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        item: #40 of 5668
          id: crl-10083
      author: Lowry, Bess
       title: Reference Work and the War
        date: 1944-08-31
       words: 7431
      flesch: 109
     summary: w i t h an i n t e r p r e t e r , came to the l i b r W h e n the m a t e r i a l s w e r e r e t u r n e d , the i n t e r p r e t e r expressed the g r a t i t u
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10083.pdf
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        item: #41 of 5668
          id: crl-10084
      author: Ulrich, Carolyn F.
       title: New Periodicals of 1944- Part I
        date: 1944-08-31
       words: 12281
      flesch: 110
     summary: t e R e p u b l i q u e F r a I t is a m o n g the m o s t i n t e r e s t
    keywords: e r; r o; r t; t e
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        item: #42 of 5668
          id: crl-10091
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Asa Don Dickinson; Mary E. Baker; Appointments to College and University Library Positions;
        date: 1944-08-31
       words: 12493
      flesch: 98
     summary: r the thirty-seven thousand serials c u r r e n H e is c u r r e n t l y
    keywords: e n; e r; r o; r t; t e
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        item: #43 of 5668
          id: crl-10092
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field
        date: 1944-08-31
       words: 7690
      flesch: 105
     summary: i r e c t o r , h a v e r e c e n t l y received as a g b r a r y , H o m e r E .
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10092.pdf
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        item: #44 of 5668
          id: crl-10093
      author: Ver Nooy, Winifred
       title: Keeping After-War Goals in View
        date: 1944-11-30
       words: 449
      flesch: 66
     summary: In the coming year, when times may be trying with shifting staffs and slow com- mercial services, may we always remember that our object is to promote library service and librarianship of a high standard in spite of difficulties and hindrances. Will they live up to the expectations of good service and complete book coverage?
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10093.pdf
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        item: #45 of 5668
          id: crl-10094
      author: Ellsworth, Ralph E.
       title: The Training of Divisional Reading Room Libraries
        date: 1944-11-30
       words: 2756
      flesch: 56
     summary: Li- brary schools, as everybody knows, have in general based their curricula on the assump- tion that their graduates will work accord- ing to library functions. Summary The essence of this discussion is that the pattern of divisional library service is not yet set.
    keywords: divisional; library; subject; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10094.pdf
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        item: #46 of 5668
          id: crl-10096
      author: McDiarmid, Errett
       title: Libraries in the American Way of Life
        date: 1944-11-30
       words: 2311
      flesch: 65
     summary: As long as America produces men with a love for cui ture and learn- ing and the wealth with which to implement it, American libraries will be among the greatest in the world. One aspect of this opportunity arises out of the fact that American culture has its origin in many parts of the world.
    keywords: american; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10096.pdf
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        item: #47 of 5668
          id: crl-10097
      author: Meyer, Margaret R.
       title: Self-Survey at Russell Sage College Library
        date: 1944-11-30
       words: 1491
      flesch: 56
     summary: The inevitable recom- mendation is a considerably increased budget for books and salaries, without which fur- ther development of library service to the college will be limited to what . Summary The essence of this discussion is that the pattern of divisional library service is not yet set.
    keywords: college; library; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10097.pdf
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        item: #48 of 5668
          id: crl-10099
      author: Benton, Elbert J.
       title: The Western Reserve Historical Society and Its Library
        date: 1944-11-30
       words: 4271
      flesch: 61
     summary: The statement was a forthright discussion of the opportunities open to historical societies in general and of the policies which this Philadelphia organi- zation had, after careful deliberation, de- cided to follow. Genealogy The section on genealogy contains some fifteen thousand volumes on individual American families, .besides general material, society publications, and vital records.
    keywords: collection; historical; library; museum; ohio; society; years
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10099.pdf
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        item: #49 of 5668
          id: crl-10100
      author: Govan, Gilbert E.
       title: The Chattanooga Joint Library Operation: An Evaluation
        date: 1944-11-30
       words: 3112
      flesch: 62
     summary: Unfortunately, this auditorium for the last two years has had to be used for other purposes, but once it is again available, 31 the hope is to resume its use for group meet- ings, for forums, and for other activities of community, public library, and college interest. As is usual with college libraries, the funds appropriated to the university library for buying books and periodicals are allo- cated to departments of the university, except for · a percentage retained by the li- brarian, to be 4sed at his discretion to keep the collection in balance and for general and reference purchases.
    keywords: chattanooga; college; library; public
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10100.pdf
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        item: #50 of 5668
          id: crl-10101
      author: MacIver, Ivander
       title: A Gift and Exchange Division in Wartime
        date: 1944-11-30
       words: 1789
      flesch: 61
     summary: The most that can be done along these lines at the present time is to send out post cards offer- ing back numbers of important serials to libraries which indicate lacunae in the Union List of Serials. The general library also cooperates with the A.L.A. Committee on Aid to Libraries in War Areas and has already deposited a number of runs of periodicals in storage places designated by the committee.
    keywords: library; publications; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10101.pdf
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        item: #51 of 5668
          id: crl-10102
      author: Miller, Marvin A.
       title: Loan Clientele of State University and Land-Grant College Libraries
        date: 1944-11-30
       words: 4155
      flesch: 56
     summary: Direct Cooperation with State Library 11 gencies In reply to a query: Do you cooperate directly with your state extension agency, such as state library or state library com- mission, to furnish material for state-wide adult reading programs? local libraries cannot supply the materials; we make interlibrary loans; we loan to local individuals with serious intentions DECEMBER, 1944 who are doing research, etc., and who find the public libraries inadequate (University of Arizona).
    keywords: library; loans; state; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10102.pdf
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        item: #52 of 5668
          id: crl-10103
      author: Bousfield, H. G.
       title: The Circulation Department Organization and Personnel
        date: 1944-11-30
       words: 3583
      flesch: 58
     summary: clerical grades of library work 1s essential. The atti- tude of circulation department assistants is only one of the more evident manifestations that all is not as it should be.
    keywords: circulation; department; library; professional; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10103.pdf
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        item: #53 of 5668
          id: crl-10104
      author: Jesse, William H.; Goehring, Eleanor E.
       title: University Library Charging Systems
        date: 1944-11-30
       words: 2451
      flesch: 60
     summary: If, therefore, first editions are to be acquired, cannot writers, publishers,_ and librarians agree up- on a better product of book making, to the end that at least a limited number of copies may be produced on durable paper for li- braries and book collectors? The file of books out is so small that any of the three circula- tion questions-where is the book, what books are overdue, and what books does a particular reader have-can be answered by running through the entire file without con- suming t:nough time to label the system inadequate.
    keywords: charging; libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10104.pdf
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        item: #54 of 5668
          id: crl-10106
      author: Herrick, Mary D.
       title: Early Literary Societies and Their Libraries in Colby College, 1824-78
        date: 1944-11-30
       words: 3696
      flesch: 63
     summary: With the advent of the Greek letter societies, interest in the purely literary so- cieties gradually declined until they ceased to maintain debates and became merely lend- ing libraries. He finds that a vast amount of pure and unmitigated trash in the fields of medieval and renaissance studies is pur- chased by institutional libraries in America and that a great deal of the best and most enduring is not acquired.
    keywords: college; library; literary; members; society
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10106.pdf
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        item: #55 of 5668
          id: crl-10107
      author: Jallade, Louis E.
       title: Plans for Planning--Some Hints on Buildings
        date: 1944-11-30
       words: 1776
      flesch: 72
     summary: In their honesty of thought and purpose librarians have believed that if they were to come before the public or their boards of trustees with frank statements that they required new libraries, their words would be given proper weight. College and Research Libraries By LOUIS E. JALLADE Plans for Planning-Some Hints on Buildings Support for librarians~ from a practzczng architect~ in the task of securing buildings which will fulfil library functions.
    keywords: building; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10107.pdf
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        item: #56 of 5668
          id: crl-10108
      author: Boisen, Harold L.
       title: A Venture in Reclassification
        date: 1944-11-30
       words: 3434
      flesch: 65
     summary: It was pro- posed to bring the library into closer rela- tionship with the students, the faculty, and the teaching program ; to support the cur- riculum in more than a passive way with a collection of books; to interpret our liter- ature with active devices, illuminating, as it were, the neglected corners of the shelves, filling the gaps through good book selection, and making the books more approachable to the student and the extracurricular reader. In shelving our fiction alphabetically by author without book number, long call numbers were dropped, such as PZ 3.G7876 Pr2, for Robert Graves' Proceed~ Sergeant Lamb.
    keywords: books; classification; college; l.c; library; small
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10108.pdf
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        item: #57 of 5668
          id: crl-10109
      author: Ireland, Norma Olin
       title: Cooperative Indexing: a Postwar Program Today
        date: 1944-11-30
       words: 1548
      flesch: 57
     summary: The majority of files are author, title, and subject indexes to book and periodical ma- terial, that is, material unindexed and sup- plemental to published indexes. The author reports that Local Indexes is planned .for publication by the ·F. W. Faxon Company in late 1944 or early 1945.
    keywords: indexes; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10109.pdf
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        item: #58 of 5668
          id: crl-10116
      author: Gosnell, Charles F.
       title: A Voice for National Interests
        date: 1945-02-28
       words: 1138
      flesch: 58
     summary: Certainly it is not new to other professional associations. With the development of group consciousness and group organization and the erection of machinery of contact with other groups,, they become more important social factors.
    keywords: college; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10116.pdf
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        item: #59 of 5668
          id: crl-10117
      author: Brown, Charles Harvey
       title: Libraries and Graduate Programs, Especially in the Scientific Fields
        date: 1945-02-28
       words: 2802
      flesch: 56
     summary: , If the fields in which the library is to be de- veloped can be defined, for example, as human nutrition, soils, farm crops, and animal chemistry, the difficulty in building up adequate library service will be eased. College students who have spe- cialized in science and to whom adequate fellowships for graduate work are available, are reluctant to attend library schools.
    keywords: fields; graduate; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10117.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10117.txt

        item: #60 of 5668
          id: crl-10118
      author: Ver Nooy, Winifred
       title: University Reference Work After the War
        date: 1945-02-28
       words: 1791
      flesch: 65
     summary: We must remember that there are many of the faculty and students who do not like to ask questions if they can possibly find the material they want by themselves. We can do still more in helping students to help themselves.
    keywords: books; library; student
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10118.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10118.txt

        item: #61 of 5668
          id: crl-10119
      author: Wilcox, Jeromie K.
       title: A Documents Division in World War II
        date: 1945-02-28
       words: 2087
      flesch: 52
     summary: The primary object of the division, from its inception, has been to give personal assistance to faculty, stu- dents, and others in locating, using, and interpreting public documents. Progress is being made in recording the third, as the division now has records of the public documents con- tained in the libraries of the Bureau of Public Administration, forestry department, _ and Giannini Foundation. · Quite a num- ber of other departmental libraries also have public documents.
    keywords: division; documents; public; war
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10119.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10119.txt

        item: #62 of 5668
          id: crl-10122
      author: Lawson, O. Gerald
       title: Wired for Sound
        date: 1945-02-28
       words: 2297
      flesch: 67
     summary: 125 ' There might still be some doubts in read- ers' minds as to the wisdom of incorporating sound equipment into plans for college or university library buildings. The actual presentation of musicales and dramatics has been gradually passing out of the hands of the librarian into the hands of student groups.
    keywords: college; fine; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10122.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10122.txt

        item: #63 of 5668
          id: crl-10123
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: Reorganizing a Library Book Collection--Part I
        date: 1945-02-28
       words: 3509
      flesch: 52
     summary: The ·decisions regarding the handling of book collections during the reorganization are of utmost importance, both for the technical aspects of the immediate problem and for the future work of the departments concerned with technical processes in the library. The inv~stigation ot the. problem of ob- solescence among library materials might w~ll suggest workable procedures in the matters of segregation and storage.8 • See Gos~eU, .Charles
    keywords: libraries; library; reclassification; special
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10123.pdf
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        item: #64 of 5668
          id: crl-10124
      author: Landon, Fred
       title: The Library at the University of Western Ontario
        date: 1945-02-28
       words: 3445
      flesch: 61
     summary: Though the museum is primarily devoted 136 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES to Indian archeology, it has in recent years expanded the scope of its collecting to in- clude objects illustrating the pioneer life of Western Ontario. There is a suggestion ·here for other libraries, since the postwar period w'ill probably bring a large volume of office equipment to the market, discarded from government departments whose activities are ceasmg.
    keywords: collection; library; ontario; university; western
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10124.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10124.txt

        item: #65 of 5668
          id: crl-10126
      author: Ulrich, Carolyn F.
       title: New Periodicals of 1944--Part II
        date: 1945-02-28
       words: 3765
      flesch: 61
     summary: 'All are well illustrated and · con- tain good book reviews and bibliographies. Good book reviews are in- cluded.
    keywords: articles; i944; new; price; quarterly
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10126.pdf
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        item: #66 of 5668
          id: crl-10127
      author: Gosnell, Charles F.
       title: College and University Library News, 1943-44
        date: 1945-02-28
       words: 5472
      flesch: 70
     summary: Progress in publication of the Library of, Congress Catalog continued to a point where many college libraries found themselves in possession of a very valuable and timesaving, although still incomplete, tool. There have been various discussions of special phases, ranging from that of collecting local war history materials • by KingS to allotments for library service to Army and Navy units.
    keywords: c.&r.l; college; education; l.j; libraries; library; new; state; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10127.pdf
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        item: #67 of 5668
          id: crl-10128
      author: Hulbert, James A.
       title: Conference of Presidents of Negro Land-Grant Colleges
        date: 1945-02-28
       words: 460
      flesch: 51
     summary: As to the third responsibility_, it should be made possible fot the librarian to know the shifts and changes in the educational philosophy of the1 institution and to be sup- ported by an efficient staff, with classifica- tion, tenure, and salaries adjusted to integrate library workers into the faculty with equal rank and compensation. Discussion centered in the follow- ing topics: finances and budgets, personnel problems, library quarters and buildings, and the library committee.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10128.pdf
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        item: #68 of 5668
          id: crl-10129
      author: Thompson, Donald E.
       title: Duplicate Exchange Union
        date: 1945-02-28
       words: 1783
      flesch: 70
     summary: c. Correct lists before forwarding to next library on routing list. The plan de- cided upon was for libraries to exchange periodicals on a piece-by-piece basis, with no definite effort being made to have each library give as much as it received, or v1ce versa.
    keywords: libraries; members
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10129.pdf
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        item: #69 of 5668
          id: crl-10132
      author: Shields, Margaret C.
       title: Subject Headings in Physics (Book Review)
        date: 1945-02-28
       words: 2191
      flesch: 61
     summary: Gives basis for determining the effect of numbers and maturity-level of users on library load; effect of nature of instruc- tion on college library load; effect of library service program on library load; and effect of centralization of library administration on library load. 5· Specific quarters needed in new library. Gives checklist of detailed requirements regarding quarters.
    keywords: library; list; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10132.pdf
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        item: #70 of 5668
          id: crl-10133
      author: Shepherd, G. F.
       title: Union List of Microfilms, Supplement II (Book Review)
        date: 1945-02-28
       words: 1426
      flesch: 59
     summary: The Union List will serve as an invaluable aid in locating the issues of those put> lications that have been filmed by various libraries and agencies. It tells how libraries should proceed in supplying copy for printing but does not attempt to explain the intricate art of cataloging.
    keywords: cataloging; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10133.pdf
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        item: #71 of 5668
          id: crl-10138
      author: Palmer, Foster M.
       title: The Value of Russian to the Reference Librarian
        date: 1945-05-31
       words: 2745
      flesch: 58
     summary: When this expected trend of greater use materializes, it will be quickly felt among reference librarians, for there are certain special reasons why readers need technical assistance in finding Russian books in a far larger than normal proportion of cases. The latter solution is in line with our expectation that Russian books will become less and less a special preserve and more and more used for their subject content by persons other than Slavic specialists, but it gives rise to a number of problems.
    keywords: language; reference; russian; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10138.pdf
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        item: #72 of 5668
          id: crl-10139
      author: Cook, Margaret G.; Heimers, Lili
       title: Extended College Library Service to Teachers
        date: 1945-05-31
       words: 4474
      flesch: 60
     summary: Acquisition In beginning to collect teaching materials, it is wise to choose some items for each department of instruction. The collection of teaching aids is under no such restrictions.
    keywords: aids; college; library; materials; teaching; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10139.pdf
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        item: #73 of 5668
          id: crl-10140
      author: Craster, H. H. E.
       title: The Bodleian and Its Founder
        date: 1945-05-31
       words: 2481
      flesch: 72
     summary: The Bodleian Library, as it is called in memory of its founder, is the largest of British university libraries. After the present war is ended qualified readers will have limited access to its shelves-a radical departure from the cur­ rent practice of English libraries, which doe?
    keywords: books; library; university; years
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10140.pdf
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        item: #74 of 5668
          id: crl-10141
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: Suggestions for Statistical Records, I
        date: 1945-05-31
       words: 6003
      flesch: 52
     summary: A Complete List Needed The answer to the criticism that the list · of institutions on which data )have been annually published (by College and · Re­ search Libraries) needs revision in order 211 to include a more representative sampling of libraries, better distributed geographi­ cally,7 is that the criticism is stated inade­ quately, without the possibility of a con­ structive answer from the long viewpoint. Above all, for the librarian it would be a guide to book selection, apportionment of funds, evalua­ tion of trends, accurat~ comparison with other libraries, general policy, and innumer­ able other possibilities in setting up stand­ ards of service.
    keywords: books; college; libraries; library; number; records; report; statistical; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10141.pdf
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        item: #75 of 5668
          id: crl-10142
      author: Thayer, Gordon Woods
       title: The John G. White Collection at the Cleveland Public Library
        date: 1945-05-31
       words: 2843
      flesch: 64
     summary: Mr. White's hobbies were fishing, mush­ room hunting, blood and thunder yarns, the collecting of chess books, and the library. Some effort has been made to to local readers · and also to other libraries, collect early Russian literature.
    keywords: books; chess; collection; library; white
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10142.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10142.txt

        item: #76 of 5668
          id: crl-10144
      author: Kleist, Herbert
       title: Inverse Time Order and Subject Filing
        date: 1945-05-31
       words: 2151
      flesch: 62
     summary: Since he knows the approximate date, it is a matter of a few seconds to examine the . group of subject cards of books published about that time and to select a history of the steam engine, where the desired in­ formation may be found. The corollary of the chronological arrangement is the use of time numbers as book numbers, but because of certain exceptions it is neces­ sary to examine both the imprint date and the time number when filing.
    keywords: library; order; time
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10144.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10144.txt

        item: #77 of 5668
          id: crl-10145
      author: Noyes, R. Webb
       title: Local Imprints in Libraries of State Universities and Other Higher Institutions
        date: 1945-05-31
       words: 2192
      flesch: 61
     summary: Putting it the other way around, six.ty-one out of the ninety-six libraries solicited failed to reply; twenty­ six of these were state universities ( arbi­ trarily designated hereafter as universities) and thirty-five were non-state institutions, usually privately endowed (designated as colleges). As would be expected, with state universities stealing the show, TABLE
    keywords: libraries; state; universities
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10145.pdf
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        item: #78 of 5668
          id: crl-10147
      author: Storie, Catherine Penniman
       title: The American College Society Library and the College Library
        date: 1945-05-31
       words: 4683
      flesch: 58
     summary: 1 Except for a few individual colleges and­ for statistics covering one decade, there seem to be no contemporary accounts of t he early college society libraries. Dates of founding of societies and of publication of society library catalogs considered in this study.
    keywords: catalogs; college; libraries; library; society; society libraries; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10147.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10147.txt

        item: #79 of 5668
          id: crl-10148
      author: Postell, William Dosite
       title: Clarifying Bibliographical Citation
        date: 1945-05-31
       words: 1082
      flesch: 57
     summary: Undoubtedly the clearest explanation of the principles of bibliographical citation was outlined by J. F. Fulton1 in his excellent ·paper on this very subject. T HE LITERATURE regarding the principles of bibliographical citation is quite ex­ tensive, and it is not the purpose of this paper to repeat what has already been stated but to make an attempt to clarify some of the precepts regarding this very important prob­ lem.
    keywords: citation; papers
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10148.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10148.txt

        item: #80 of 5668
          id: crl-10149
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Librarians, Degrees: A Symposium
        date: 1945-05-31
       words: 4
      flesch: 33
     summary: College and Research Libraries
    keywords: college
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10149.pdf
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        item: #81 of 5668
          id: crl-10154
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Appointments to Positions; News from the Field
        date: 1945-05-31
       words: 6375
      flesch: 55
     summary: Because of Miss Thornton's clear under­ standing of student problems in college and her keen interest in the faculty approach to the library, Vassar can expect to main­ tain a high quality of library service. Be­ fore coming to Chicago in I 942, she had been a senior assistant in the Hibbing, Minn., Public Library, and circulation assistant ( I933-36) and assistant in charge of seminar libraries ( I936-38) in the Uni­ versity of Minnesota Library.
    keywords: association; college; director; librarian; libraries; library; new; state; university; years
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10154.pdf
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        item: #82 of 5668
          id: crl-10155
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Buildings and Architecture
        date: 1945-05-31
       words: 1854
      flesch: 63
     summary: This is a sum­ mary of new building materials and equip­ ment. * * * It probably can be taken for granted that librarians who are planning new buildings are reading the current issues of such magazines as Pencil Points, Architectural Forum, etc.
    keywords: building; construction; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10155.pdf
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        item: #83 of 5668
          id: crl-10156
      author: Haskins, Susan M.
       title: Something New in Cataloging
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 4369
      flesch: 68
     summary: They were divided into several groups for literature, nonliterature, and deposit library books. conditions of total cataloging exist; approximately three times as many books as normally can be cataloged under similar conditions if the books are arranged alphabetically for the benefit of the descriptive cataloger; and approximately five times as many Class III books can be cataloged as other books.
    keywords: books; cataloging; library; time
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10156.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10156.txt

        item: #84 of 5668
          id: crl-10157
      author: Kyte, E. C.
       title: Present and the Future of British Books
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 2276
      flesch: 64
     summary: The British dominions are a magnificent field for British books, but the tour of British publishers through Canada in 1943 showed not only that British editions were difficult-and in many cases impossible-to obtain but that the small type and wartime format forced upon publishers by present conditions had op- erated adversely to England and in favor of books published in the U njted States. Even no~ many books are being pub- lished and many plans are being laid for the immediate resumption of a free and vigorous publishing campaign as soon as postwar conditions will allow it.
    keywords: books; british; publishers
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10157.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10157.txt

        item: #85 of 5668
          id: crl-10158
      author: Williams, Edwin E.
       title: Who Does What: Unprofessional Personnel Policies
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 6021
      flesch: 62
     summary: The professional employees mentioned in the first axiom are defined, iri the A.L.A. statistical report forms, as persons per- forming work of a professional grade which requires training and skill in the theoreti- cal or scientific parts of library work as SEPTEMBER~ 1945 distinct from its merely mechanical parts. ies 4: 229, June 1943), and point out that there is usually plenty of professional work that could be done in a branch library if the librarian were not loaded down with clerical duties.
    keywords: clerical; libraries; library; percentage; professional; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10158.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10158.txt

        item: #86 of 5668
          id: crl-10159
      author: Hoffman, Frederick J.
       title: Research Value of the "Little Magazine"
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 3590
      flesch: 61
     summary: If they have read the few essays on little magazines which have appeared recently, they are still all but unaware of the highly significant part which these magazines have played in twentieth-century literature. His writing went into the pages of little magazines for years before he was accepted as a representative .
    keywords: literature; little; magazines; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10159.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10159.txt

        item: #87 of 5668
          id: crl-10160
      author: Jesse, William H.; Towne, Jackson E.
       title: The Readers' Division Chief
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 2746
      flesch: 48
     summary: Brown University developed this idea in connection with its subject-division form of library service adopted in 1939. The authors are inclined to en- courage a slight deviation from recruiting for library schools in the usual sense and to urge that it be attempted at a higher aca- demic and professional level than has ordinarily been thought feasible.
    keywords: chief; librarian; library; readers
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10160.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10160.txt

        item: #88 of 5668
          id: crl-10161
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: Suggestions for Statistical Records, II
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 6457
      flesch: 56
     summary: Indexes to sources of library statistical data are inadequate. We need studies of 'the type of library statistical information needed for specific regions.
    keywords: a.l.a; books; college; libraries; library; number; records; statistical
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10161.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10161.txt

        item: #89 of 5668
          id: crl-10162
      author: Ulrich, Carolyn F.
       title: New Periodicals of 1945--Part I
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 1931
      flesch: 60
     summary: O UT OF THE PAST momentous · months, when the country's war efforts have been centered on scientific research and ex- perimentation, has come the realization of some peacetime developments. years, Wash- ington, D.C., has become a center for scientific research, and the aim of the Washington Scientist is to give to scientists a wider knowledge and understanding of the advancement in scientific research in vastly different fields of endeavor.
    keywords: i945; quarterly
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10162.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10162.txt

        item: #90 of 5668
          id: crl-10163
      author: Martin, Lowell
       title: Shall Library Schools Teach Administration?
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 3994
      flesch: 53
     summary: I , I for short programs in library schools to produce ninety-day wonders for execu- tive positions-there is little in the cus- tomary curriculun: that prep~res for the judgment and responsibility of administra- tion. But if complete integra- tion of the theoretical and practical aspects of education in administration is to be accomplished, the preparation of library administrators must be recognized as a joint 338 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES responsibility of library schools and li- braries, just as the preparation of doctors is the joint responsibility of medical schools and hospitals.
    keywords: administration; course; library; school; training
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10163.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10163.txt

        item: #91 of 5668
          id: crl-10164
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: Reorganizing a Library Book Collection--Part II
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 2818
      flesch: 58
     summary: One question which is relatively important is whether the old cards are to be erased and re-used or whether new cards are to be ordered. Re-use of old cards.
    keywords: cards; libraries; reclassification
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10164.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10164.txt

        item: #92 of 5668
          id: crl-10165
      author: Thurber, Evangeline
       title: American Agricultural College Libraries, 1862-1900
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 4198
      flesch: 54
     summary: Libraries Established Hand in hand with the gradual growth of agricultural societies and colleges went the publication of books and periodicals dealing with agricultural subjects and the establishment of agricultural libraries. the establishment of experiment sta- tions, brought financial aid to many of the 349 / I I I agricultural college libraries.
    keywords: agricultural; books; college; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10165.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10165.txt

        item: #93 of 5668
          id: crl-10166
      author: Hirsch, Felix E.
       title: The Administration of the College Library (Book Review)
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 2203
      flesch: 58
     summary: For this very reason, they did not feel obligated to give a complete pic- ture of all aspects of college library work. Therefore, it was a splendid idea to present the newcomer to the professi·on, or to this particular branch of library w~rk, with an introduction that gives him a well-rounded picture of all the per- tinent problems involved in it and that con- centrates on college library administration exclusively.
    keywords: college; librarian; library; lyle
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10166.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10166.txt

        item: #94 of 5668
          id: crl-10168
      author: Berthel, John H.
       title: Teacher in America, Better Colleges-Better Teachers, & The Rebirth of Liberal Education (Book Review)
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 2837
      flesch: 57
     summary: Other chapters discuss certain failings of college administrators, the dehumanizing ef- fects of the Ph.D. requirements, the educa- tion of women, adult education, Columbia College, grading systems, and the human boy. He turns from the pha~­ tasmagoria of education to concentrate upon teaching and particularly upon teaching as it is now practiced in American colleges.
    keywords: college; education; humanities; library; teaching
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10168.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10168.txt

        item: #95 of 5668
          id: crl-10170
      author: Shera, Jesse Hauk
       title: Surplus Books Available from Army and Navy Instructional Programs
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 527
      flesch: 59
     summary: There was general agreement, too, in the belief that by and large these books were unsuitable for libraries, and I 3 said so in so many words. . However, I6 expressed the opinion that they might contain some titles useful to the small college, I2 thought that possibly the larger universities might find a few of the books serviceable for reserve purposes, 7 believed that public libraries might find them useful, but only 4 considered any of the materials appro- priate to the needs of libraries in rural commumttes.
    keywords: books
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10170.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10170.txt

        item: #96 of 5668
          id: crl-10171
      author: Lasswell, Harold D.
       title: The Science of Communication and the Function of Libraries
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 13648
      flesch: 57
     summary: There is a growing number of students of social communication in universities. My initial thought in reading Dr. Lass- well's article was one of regret that he had failed to stress the important fact that the library which recognizes the implications of the science of communication will broaden its concept of library materials to include the latest aids to communication and to learning.
    keywords: communication; community; field; lasswell; librarians; library; new; public; research; science; social; sources; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10171.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10171.txt

        item: #97 of 5668
          id: crl-10172
      author: Downs, Robert B.
       title: American Library Cooperation in Review
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 11085
      flesch: 55
     summary: I am sure none of us want-s to slide into that group deliberately if we can help it. 3· A library, when it finds that it cannot continue to keep up with its previous rate of growth, instead of trying to cover all its present fields might, for part of its work, fall back on interlibrary loan; on sending many of its ad- vanced students to other libraries to find their material; on microfilm reproducti~ns for par- ticular items that are wanted; or, if Mr. Rider's dream comes true, on microcards. By this plan a library would become more selective in mo st fields but mo r e inclusive than before in certain limited fields for which it agrees to assume re sponsibility and for which it will freely furnish book's to others by inter- library loan, by photographic reproduction, or by caring for visiting scholars, thus retaining its self-re spect when it calls on other libraries for help.
    keywords: american; books; catalog; congress; libraries; library; lists; research; resources; subject; union; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10172.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10172.txt

        item: #98 of 5668
          id: crl-10173
      author: Hodgson, James G.
       title: An Experiment in Cooperation: The Colorado Program of Studies on Joint Action
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 3495
      flesch: 59
     summary: State Coll ege and copies- were sent to other libraries in Color~_<;lo. The original list did not include the professional library of the Denver Public Schools which has a great many titles not found in other libraries in the area.
    keywords: colorado; libraries; library; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10173.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10173.txt

        item: #99 of 5668
          id: crl-10174
      author: Rider, Fremont
       title: Progress in Microprint: Part I. Microcards--The Next Steps
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 7576
      flesch: 59
     summary: For the larger part of two sessions, for example,_ it discussed the basic question: What ought to be the fundamental organization of microcard production? And, con- tinuing, the agenda said: ., When we attempt to analyze our basic problem we find that microcard production clearly separates itself into work upon four levels or stages, each one quite different in character from the others, and so involving its own special set of problems.
    keywords: centralization; committee; libraries; library; microcard; possible; research; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10174.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10174.txt

        item: #100 of 5668
          id: crl-10175
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Progress in Microprint: Part II. The Microcard Code
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 3825
      flesch: 63
     summary: The duties ·of the lVIicrocard Committee shall be: a. to set a standard size, weight, and quality of cards for microcards, a standard microcard text format, and a standard mi- crocard catalog entry and abstract format b. to establish a standard scheme of mi- crocard catalog author and classification headings and standardized rules for inter- filing them c. to help libraries gradually to work out an allocated coverage of publishing fields in accordance with accepted library classifica- tion practice, in the hope that by such allocation a large number of cooperating libraries (or other publishing agencies) may ultimately assume joint responsibility for microcard reprod'-:lction without overlapping or duplication, so far as copyright may per- mit and scholars and libraries may request such reproduction d. to issue lists of those libraries (or other agencies) volunteering to undertake the publication of microcards for library use; which lists shall, among other things, state the subject fields or materials for which the said libraries volunteer to assume microcard sponsorship e. to seek information concerning, and to report on the value of, microcard ma- terials and equipment offered for library use f. so far as may be within its proper powers, to encourage uniform and equitable methods in the interlibrary interchange of microcards g. to insist, in every way properly pos- sible, upon the bibliographic staQdardiza- tion of the details of microcard text and headings, and of their size, format, etc., to the end that all microcards intended for library use may be immediately inte~filable by any receiving library in one single filing · arrangement, without that library's being burdened with any unnecessary expense of bibliographic adaptation · h. in general, to assist in every proper way in the efficient and orderly develop- ment of microcard issuance for scholarly use. Comment: By definition microcards are catalog cards plus the text cataloged.
    keywords: classification; committee; library; microcard
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10175.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10175.txt

        item: #101 of 5668
          id: crl-10176
      author: Bryan, Alice I.
       title: Legibility of Library of Congress Cards and Their Reproductions
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 10249
      flesch: 65
     summary: In commenting on the reduction of the full-size 8-point type also used on L.C. cards, Luckiesh reports: The equivalent type-size of the reproduc- tions varies from 4· 5 to 5. 7 as determined by measurements of relative visibility .... It consisted of transcribing a given amount of material from L.C. cards and from reproductions of these cards on mimeo- graphed worksheets 8¥2 by I I inches in size.
    keywords: cards; group; material; reproductions; significance; type; type size
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10176.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10176.txt

        item: #102 of 5668
          id: crl-10177
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Harold L. Leupp, Administrator; Herbert S. Hirshberg in a New Field; The Record of F. L. D. Goodrich; Charles Martel, 186o-1945; Appointments to Positions; British Museum Catalogue-Original Series; News from the Field
        date: 1945-08-31
       words: 9667
      flesch: 57
     summary: Besides administering the library, Dr. Lancaster is to teach courses in the li- brary school and in the college dealing with library service and with methods of research in education. As librarian of the Wisconsin State Teachers College in Milwaukee, he approached the problem of library use by analyzing the vary- ing needs and teaching methods of instruc- tional departments and developed systematic plans for the improvement of library service to each.
    keywords: assistant; association; california; college; librarian; libraries; library; new; research; state; university; years
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10177.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10177.txt

        item: #103 of 5668
          id: crl-10180
      author: Moffit, Alexander
       title: Punched Card Records in Serials Acquisition
        date: 1946-01-01
       words: 2343
      flesch: 60
     summary: At the University of Texas Library separate checking and financial records have been and are maintained—the check- ing record in the form commonly found in libraries, but the financial record on punched cards, also known as tabulating cards. Analysis of the account is not difficult since punched cards may be arranged, rearranged, duplicated, and tabulated mechanically.
    keywords: serials
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10180.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10180.txt

        item: #104 of 5668
          id: crl-10181
      author: Barcus, Thomas R.
       title: Incidental Duties of the College Librarian
        date: 1946-01-01
       words: 6092
      flesch: 55
     summary: T h e author, after an unreward- ing search of the available literature, decided to fall back on the time-honored de- vice of picking his colleagues' brains and sent fifty-nine letters to representative li- brarians of college and university libraries asking them to outline their own incidental duties. For convenience they may be grouped as follows: instruction in the use of the library, training of apprentices and student assistants, the teaching of courses in library science, the counseling of prospec- tive librarians, and speaking before campus groups on topics relating to books and libraries.
    keywords: committee; librarian; library; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10181.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10181.txt

        item: #105 of 5668
          id: crl-10182
      author: Leontiev, F.
       title: Soviet Library of Historical Research
        date: 1946-01-01
       words: 1696
      flesch: 61
     summary: W o r k on a bibliographic index of Russian history books for secondary school teachers is now nearing completion. A guide to bibliographies on Russian historical works was compiled re- cently.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10182.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10182.txt

        item: #106 of 5668
          id: crl-10183
      author: Tremaine, Marie
       title: Canadian-American Relations in Colonial Printing
        date: 1946-01-01
       words: 4968
      flesch: 74
     summary: T h e r e in 1778 they resumed publication of their a l m a n a c , t h e British-American Register . . . T h e r e he opened the first printing office in Prince Edward Island, printed a few more numbers of his newspaper and some laws, but in 1789 left the island for parts unknown.
    keywords: t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10183.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10183.txt

        item: #107 of 5668
          id: crl-10184
      author: Leonard, Ruth Shaw
       title: Bibliographical Importance of Copyright Records
        date: 1946-01-01
       words: 5476
      flesch: 67
     summary: I t was not until 1846 that the idea of se- curing copies of copyright works for use rather than merely for record was put into effect. At this time both the Smithsonian Institution and the Library of Congress were designated as depository libraries for copyright works.
    keywords: h e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10184.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10184.txt

        item: #108 of 5668
          id: crl-10186
      author: Cole, Dorothy E.
       title: Some Characteristics of Reference Work
        date: 1946-01-01
       words: 4814
      flesch: 71
     summary: A number of plans for classifying reference questions have been developed both in theory and in actual library practice. T h e time spent in answering reference questions seems to suggest a basis for estimating the cost of Reference work and the skill of the reference worker.
    keywords: questions; r e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10186.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10186.txt

        item: #109 of 5668
          id: crl-10189
      author: Higgins, Doris
       title: Catalog Adviser Service at California
        date: 1946-01-01
       words: 1768
      flesch: 72
     summary: r j o i n t l y held t h e position of catalog adviser. Even assuming that the rules are to be streamlined, it is impossible to believe that catalog entries will ever be simple for the average user of the catalog.
    keywords: catalog
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10189.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10189.txt

        item: #110 of 5668
          id: crl-10193
      author: Gosnell, Charles F.
       title: Evaluation and Revision of the Library School Curriculum (Book Review)
        date: 1946-01-01
       words: 1378
      flesch: 54
     summary: Library training is generally agreed to involve certain funda- mental techniques, special knowledge of the clientele served, and subject knowledge. The introductory chapter includes an excellent definition of the modern library in terms of social values and of the library school as the agency for preparing library personnel.
    keywords: college; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10193.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10193.txt

        item: #111 of 5668
          id: crl-10195
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Buildings and Architecture; New from the Field; Appointments to Positions;
        date: 1946-01-01
       words: 6696
      flesch: 59
     summary: Mary E. Wheatley, formerly head cata- loger at Lehigh University Library, has been appointed librarian of the Beaver College Library. The Stanford University Library has re- ceived the Burma collection, consisting of 133 volumes, of the late Lt. Col. John L. Christian, and a collection of writings of minor American poets, comprising 1932 vol- umes, collected by the late Professor Hoyt Hopewell Hudson.
    keywords: assistant; college; librarian; libraries; library; new; state; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10195.pdf
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        item: #112 of 5668
          id: crl-10196
      author: Humphrey, Mortimer
       title: The Department of State and the Acquisition of Research Materials of Foreign origin
        date: 1946-04-01
       words: 4016
      flesch: 45
     summary: Summary In summary, the department is presently embarking upon an expanded program of assistance to this government in the field of procurement of foreign library materials. From the point of view of government officials vitally concerned with acquisition of foreign materials, the techniques out- lined herein give considerable promise.
    keywords: department; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10196.pdf
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        item: #113 of 5668
          id: crl-10200
      author: Burchard, John E.
       title: Postwar Library Buildings
        date: 1946-04-01
       words: 7847
      flesch: 82
     summary: T h e r e have not been many changes. T h e r e are all sorts of opinions as to whether smoking benefits or harms a library, is dangerous or dirty, and these are almost entirely unsup- ported opinions.
    keywords: r e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10200.pdf
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        item: #114 of 5668
          id: crl-10201
      author: Clapp, Verner W.
       title: The Purchase of Books in Europe
        date: 1946-04-01
       words: 5884
      flesch: 74
     summary: E v e r y w h e r e t h e r e is a t r e m e w h i c h had, pos- sibly, been stored f o r t h e m d u r i n g the w a r , as w e l l as c u r r e n t l y published m a t e r i a l s .
    keywords: e r; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10201.pdf
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        item: #115 of 5668
          id: crl-10202
      author: Tashjian, Nouvart
       title: New York University Index to Early American Periodical Literature, 1728-1870
        date: 1946-04-01
       words: 1875
      flesch: 66
     summary: T h e Library of Congress lacks forty-three of the 339 periodical titles in- dexed ; N e w York Public Library, forty- five; and four of the periodicals did not a p p e a r in t h e Union List of Serials. T h e ten libraries reporting the largest holdings of the periodicals indexed in order of their completeness were: Library of Congress, New York Public Library, Harvard Uni- versity Library, Columbia University Li- brary, Cincinnati Public Library, University of Minnesota Library, Cleveland Public Library, Philadelphia Free Library, Duke University Library, and New York Society Library.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10202.pdf
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        item: #116 of 5668
          id: crl-10204
      author: Kuhlman, A. F.
       title: Can the Association of College and Reference Librarians Achieve Professional Status?
        date: 1946-04-01
       words: 5190
      flesch: 71
     summary: Second, in J u n e 1931, the A.L.A. College Advisory Board was established by the Ex- ecutive Board with instructions that its first duty would be to prepare a statement on college library services which might be handled at A.L.A. Headquarters.5 LLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES annual income from increased endowment was set up for college library service at A.L.A. Headquarters, $35,000 for public library service, and $15,000 for work with, children.7 In October 1932 and 1933, respectively, the Carnegie Corporation turned over one half million dollars to complete its endow- ment gift of two million dollars to the A.L.A.8 At its Yale meeting, 1931, the A.L.A.'s President publicly promised that college and university librarians were to have a special representative at the A.L.A. Headquarters.
    keywords: r e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10204.pdf
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        item: #117 of 5668
          id: crl-10205
      author: Ulrich, Carolyn F.
       title: New Periodicals of 1945--Part II
        date: 1946-04-01
       words: 5335
      flesch: 90
     summary: F r e e . F r e e .
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10205.pdf
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        item: #118 of 5668
          id: crl-10206
      author: Wilson, Louis R.
       title: General Education in a Free Society; Report of the Harvard Committee (Book Review)
        date: 1946-04-01
       words: 1495
      flesch: 43
     summary: In this sense, Chapter II, which deals with the theory of general educa- tion, is the most important of the six, since it defines general education as contrasted with special education, describes its nature, and makes clear the function it is to perform in a democratic society. The sugges- tions for Harvard College take the form of definite curricula that require ( i ) the pursuit of a given number of courses in general edu- cation not previously offered and (2) the modification of other courses previously given that will emphasize general education as well as special education, to which they have here- tofore been largely devoted.
    keywords: education; general
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10206.pdf
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        item: #119 of 5668
          id: crl-10207
      author: Martin, Lowell
       title: Toward Improving Ph.D. Programs (Book Review)
        date: 1946-04-01
       words: 1440
      flesch: 54
     summary: In the past all professional fields have come in for a full measure of censure as legitimate areas for graduate academic study from such critics as Abraham Flexner and Norman Foerster. However, lest librarians derive undue com- fort from this observation, a danger in the trend toward broader graduate study must be pointed out.
    keywords: graduate; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10207.pdf
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        item: #120 of 5668
          id: crl-10208
      author: Hoole, W. Stanley
       title: A State University Surveys the Humanities (Book Review)
        date: 1946-04-01
       words: 2240
      flesch: 57
     summary: B a r n a r d , and the U n i v e r s i t y of A l a b a m a C u r r i c u l q m I On the con- trary, it would be difficult to spot a better summary of the role sciences may play in humanistic education than that of Robert E. Coker, a zoologist.
    keywords: education; graduate; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10208.pdf
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        item: #121 of 5668
          id: crl-10209
      author: Angell, Richard S.
       title: A Bibliography of Early Secular American Music-18th Century (Book Review)
        date: 1946-04-01
       words: 720
      flesch: 51
     summary: No matter how long and illustrious the annals of American musicology may become, the name of Oscar Sonneck will always- of Sonneck's splendid example, not sufficiently disappeared to make the path easy for his follower. This fundamental volume, ob- viously long incomplete, has been brought up to the present state of our knowledge by William T r e a t Upton, also a distinguished historian of American music.
    keywords: music
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10209.pdf
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        item: #122 of 5668
          id: crl-10211
      author: Evans, Luther H.
       title: History and the Problem of Bibliography
        date: 1946-06-30
       words: 6538
      flesch: 49
     summary: It should sponsor an international trade and document bibliography, composed largely of national bibliographies covering all publica- tions for the country of origin, and national bibliographies of periodical literature. Besides, I have a hunch that things have changed pretty radically in the past six years and that the United States at the present time ranks higher in world book production.
    keywords: bibliographical; bibliography; h e; library; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10211.pdf
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        item: #123 of 5668
          id: crl-10213
      author: Downs, Robert Bringham
       title: Latin American Union Catalogs
        date: 1946-06-30
       words: 2369
      flesch: 51
     summary: By the usual definitions, union lists rather than union catalogs are the chief contribu- tions of the Biblioteca Americana de Nicaragua. A similar situation exists in Peru, where union catalogs have not been established, but whose National Library at Lima and the University of San Marcos Library are developing modern catalogs that might be used eventually as a basis for one or more union catalogs.
    keywords: union
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10213.pdf
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        item: #124 of 5668
          id: crl-10218
      author: Teare, Robert F.
       title: Microphotography and Cataloging: A Forecast
        date: 1946-06-30
       words: 3698
      flesch: 64
     summary: I t may be that the library will issue book catalogs of its own unique items or prepare cards inter- filable with the unit style microcards. Rider believe the need for detailed cataloging of these items, that he advocates centralized handling of such materials to effect a publication or republication in microprint form on catalog cards.
    keywords: card; cataloging
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10218.pdf
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        item: #125 of 5668
          id: crl-10219
      author: Dickason, Donald E.
       title: Sleeves or Zigzag Lines: Salary Determination Through Fair Evaluation
        date: 1946-06-30
       words: 8207
      flesch: 103
     summary: Nonetheless, t h e r e is a w a y in w h T h e r e are not too many major factors after all.
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10219.pdf
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        item: #126 of 5668
          id: crl-10224
      author: Tucker, William P.
       title: The Executive in Action (Book Review)
        date: 1946-06-30
       words: 1425
      flesch: 47
     summary: ix, 276P. In recent years a respectable literature of library administration has been accumulating. As library administration has come of age, of necessity it has increasingly been re- fined and systematized through drawing on systematic library studies and experiments.
    keywords: administration; executive
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10224.pdf
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        item: #127 of 5668
          id: crl-10225
      author: VanMale, John
       title: Library Resources of the University of North Carolina; A Summary of Facilities for Study and Research (Book Review)
        date: 1946-06-30
       words: 1580
      flesch: 63
     summary: On the whole, Library Resources of the University of North Carolina could be used as a guide to other university libraries of equal size without great inconvenience. The survey reports the university's achieve- ments in building up library resources.
    keywords: library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10225.pdf
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        item: #128 of 5668
          id: crl-10228
      author: Adams, Charles M.
       title: The Library as a Teaching Instrument (Book Review)
        date: 1946-06-30
       words: 1484
      flesch: 56
     summary: The new building at the State University of Iowa is a step in this direction and its program should be read with care by all librarians in academic institutions and be brought to the attention of their administra- tion. This type of building will permit the library to do everything it can think of now and will also, since the interior will be flexible and adapt- able, meet the needs of the university for a long time to come.
    keywords: library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10228.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10228.txt

        item: #129 of 5668
          id: crl-10231
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Buildings and Architecture; Personnel; News from the Field
        date: 1946-06-30
       words: 10936
      flesch: 62
     summary: Davidson College Library is building up through gifts a considerable collection of Pe- ter Stewart Ney (d. 1846) manuscripts and relics. Among theses completed at the Graduate Library School, University of Chicago, during 1945 which are of interest to college li- brarians are the following: Thelma Andrews, Trends in College Library Buildings; Min- nie R. Bowles, Library Activities for the Stimulation of Reading among College Stu- dents; Celia Hauck, A Study of Low-Cost Books; Sister Mary Rose Warburton, The Attitude of the Educator towards the College Library.
    keywords: college; e r; librarian; libraries; library; m r; music; new; research; school; service; state; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10231.pdf
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        item: #130 of 5668
          id: crl-10232
      author: Carlson, William H.
       title: The Research Worker and the Library
        date: 1946-09-30
       words: 7642
      flesch: 73
     summary: T h e r e are countless small institu- tions with very capable men who have at their disposal scarcely as many as a dozen of the research periodicals. T h e r e is considerable agreement, in the group questioned, that there is unnecessary publication in the various subject fields.
    keywords: r e; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10232.pdf
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        item: #131 of 5668
          id: crl-10247
      author: Kozumplik, William A.
       title: The University at the Crossroads. Addresses and Essays (Book Review)
        date: 1946-09-30
       words: 2948
      flesch: 47
     summary: Of the factors which have set university education back, one, the author states, is the loss to research of many of the more mature faculty members who, misled by a misguided patriot- ism, had entered the armed forces or had engaged in some kind of war work. This has produced the dilemma about which Sigerist feels deeply, for unless a solution is found, the researchers will desert the universities and these, because university education be- comes sterile the moment it is divorced from research, will become educational mills im- parting second-hand knowledge (p. 62).
    keywords: author; education; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10247.pdf
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        item: #132 of 5668
          id: crl-10250
      author: Bixler, Paul
       title: The Little Magazine: A History and a Bibliography (Book Review)
        date: 1946-09-30
       words: 1481
      flesch: 66
     summary: Little Magazines The Little Magazine: A History and a Bib- liography. In the history which makes up a good half of the volume, little magazines are divided into six classes—poetry, leftist, regional, ex- perimental, critical, and eclectic.
    keywords: little; magazine
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10250.pdf
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        item: #133 of 5668
          id: crl-10251
      author: Muller, Robert H.
       title: Books and Libraries in Wartime (Book Review)
        date: 1946-09-30
       words: 1381
      flesch: 56
     summary: The Sewanee Review, The Southern Review, The Kenyon Review, The Yale Review, and The Virginia Quarterly Review are described as fellow travelers of little magazines. Interesting as many of the details are in this section, its ineffective organization and incompleteness make it less important (and useful to librarians) than the latter half of the book, which is given over to a two-part bibliography—the much larger first part to little magazines, the second to the fellow travelers of little magazines—and a first-rate index.
    keywords: books; libraries; little
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10251.pdf
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        item: #134 of 5668
          id: crl-10252
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Personnel; News from the Field
        date: 1946-09-30
       words: 8299
      flesch: 63
     summary: Under his administration at West Virginia University Library major emphasis was placed upon reorganization for more efficient service, upon strengthening the holdings in periodicals, and upon the introduction of audio-visual services. O r r has been connected with Iowa State College Library since 1926.
    keywords: college; e r; librarian; libraries; library; m r; new; r r; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10252.pdf
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        item: #135 of 5668
          id: crl-10253
      author: Brown, Charles Harvey
       title: What Do the Members of A.C.R.L. Want?
        date: 1947-01-01
       words: 5194
      flesch: 58
     summary: In view of this condition, the remarks by certain A.L.A. committee members deserve consideration. That this committee believes that further consideration should be given to the proposals regarding divisional control of dues, the allo- cation of endowment income to divisions, a possible Jederation of library associations, and related matters.
    keywords: a.c.r.l; a.l.a; college; committee; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10253.pdf
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        item: #136 of 5668
          id: crl-10254
      author: Livingston, Dorothy F.
       title: Controlled Cataloguing: An Experiment at Yale
        date: 1947-01-01
       words: 3726
      flesch: 59
     summary: Occasionally for large groups of foreign books we utilized specially qualified student assistants. Serials, cata- loged in the serial department, are also sent to these sub'ject groups for classification arid subject assignment, as well as rare books and books in unusual foreign languages, which are cataloged by specially qualified assistants.
    keywords: books; catalog; department; material
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10254.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10254.txt

        item: #137 of 5668
          id: crl-10255
      author: Kaplan, Louis
       title: What Kind of Divisional Reading Rooms?
        date: 1947-01-01
       words: 1666
      flesch: 65
     summary: According to the proponents of the idea, a number of advantages accrue from the use of divisional reading rooms. Summary To summarize, divisional reading rooms are desirable because they provide study space comparatively free from distractions and because they can be used to provide easy access to and from the stacks.
    keywords: reading; rooms
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10255.pdf
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        item: #138 of 5668
          id: crl-10256
      author: Berthold, Arthur B.
       title: The Future of the Catalog in Research Libraries
        date: 1947-01-01
       words: 2409
      flesch: 59
     summary: Plans were already under way just before the war· to fill in these gaps by means of intensified acquisitional programs by anum- ber of the larger resear~h libraries. It comes from librarians who have left their positions for a year or two to engage in graduate study and research; it comes from instructors in library schools; it comes from professional leaders who have managed to liberate themselves from the administrative details of their work and perhaps have been able to command the assistance of a staff member or two in their productive resean;h; it comes from that small group of inex- haustibles whom no vocational load could prevent from doing sustained intellectual work.
    keywords: catalog; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10256.pdf
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        item: #139 of 5668
          id: crl-10257
      author: Christ, Robert W.
       title: Recording Reference Service
        date: 1947-01-01
       words: 2932
      flesch: 58
     summary: It has plagued administrators · and reference librarians of college, university, and public libraries. In this paper the word evaluate is discarded entirely, and far from offering a solution to the problem of measuring reference service, the metho~s currently used by the Refer- ence Department of the Grosvenor Library to record services to readers are merely described.
    keywords: readers; reference; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10257.pdf
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        item: #140 of 5668
          id: crl-10259
      author: Smith, Sydney Butler
       title: Reading Clinics and the College Library
        date: 1947-01-01
       words: 3984
      flesch: 64
     summary: There are encouraging signs within the library profession that appropriately trained people may soon be ·available to assist in remedial reading programs. A few year~ ago a survey of the facilities offered for remedial reading showed that of nearly seven hundred institutions from which in- formation was requested a few more than one hundred offered varying degrees of training.
    keywords: college; program; reading; remedial
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10259.pdf
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        item: #141 of 5668
          id: crl-10260
      author: Kirkpatrick, L. H.
       title: The Library on the Air
        date: 1947-01-01
       words: 1147
      flesch: 71
     summary: The next type of program, a<7tually out- lined in some detail, was one in which the library presented various library staff mem- ber,s, who then told the listeners of their daily work. Another device was a series of radio programs.
    keywords: program; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10260.pdf
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        item: #142 of 5668
          id: crl-10261
      author: VanMale, John
       title: University of South Carolina
        date: 1947-01-01
       words: 1098
      flesch: 68
     summary: Eighteen broadcasts-about half-called attention to the university; nine-mostly book reviews -publicized the library; the others adver- tised public libraries. As time goes on it may be used more effectively than in its first year to increase public i~terest in school and public libraries.
    keywords: library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10261.pdf
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        item: #143 of 5668
          id: crl-10262
      author: Thomas, Milton Halsey
       title: Yale Honors Book-Collecting and Librarianship
        date: 1947-01-01
       words: 3362
      flesch: 63
     summary: Its object was to speed the flow of books from Germany to American libraries, to study library conditions there and elsewhere; and to promote a normal intercourse among libraries, universities and learned societies. It is related that on a social occasion in a South American land, when library affairs were being generally discussed, a lady of great social distinction ~nd some learning, suddenly interrupted a lively conversation with the JANUARY~ 1947 telling words, Mr. Metcalf has spoken.
    keywords: books; libraries; library; yale
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10262.pdf
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        item: #144 of 5668
          id: crl-10263
      author: Lane, Alfred H.
       title: Exchange Materials Used in College and University Libraries
        date: 1947-01-01
       words: 3257
      flesch: 56
     summary: Louisiana State X I Maine X X 2 Minnesota X X X X X 5 Missouri X X X 3 Montana X X 2 Nebraska X X X 3 New Mexico X X X 3 Oklahoma X Oregon X X 2 Princeton X X X X X 5 Southern C<\lifornia X X X X 4 Stanford X X X X X X 6 Temple X X X X X X 6 Tulane X X . ~ ...... Z::> Arizona X X '2 Arkansas X I Bowdoin X X '2 Brown X X X 3 California X X X X 4 Clark ~ X '2 Colorado X Cornell X X X 3 Delaware X Denver .x Florida X X X X 4 Harvard-Li ttauer X X '2 Peabody X I Iowa X X 2 Johns Hopkins X X X 3 Joint University Libraries X X X X 4 Kansas X X X 3
    keywords: exchange; libraries; publications; x x
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10263.pdf
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        item: #145 of 5668
          id: crl-10264
      author: Ditzion, Sidney
       title: College Librarians and the Higher Learning
        date: 1947-01-01
       words: 2316
      flesch: 57
     summary: Qne of the chief ob- jectives of a college library organization should be to arrange for professional li- brarians to work under conditions con- ducive to the manufacture of a product comparable to that of their colleagues, the college teachery There is no doubt that, by and large, college librarians would, if given the chance, compete successfully with college teachers for availa~le rewards. It were as if college librarians did not normally exhaust themselves in setting things up right for the teaching program as well as in helping students complete the teaching process only started in most class- rooms.
    keywords: college; librarians; professional
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10264.pdf
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        item: #146 of 5668
          id: crl-10267
      author: Martin, Lowell
       title: Education for Modern Man (Book Review)
        date: 1947-01-01
       words: 1427
      flesch: 59
     summary: Responsibilities in Higher Educatio~ Proceedings, 1945: Emergent Responsibilities in Higher Education. The present vol- ume follows a pattern begun in 1937 with Current Issues in Higher Education and con- tinued with such titles as New Frontiers in Collegiate Instruction and Higher Education in the Postwar Period.
    keywords: education; hook
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10267.pdf
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        item: #147 of 5668
          id: crl-10270
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Personnel; News from the Field
        date: 1947-01-01
       words: 9075
      flesch: 58
     summary: Northwestern University Library began; publication of an informal mimeographed bulletin, Northwestern Library News, on Sept. 13, 1946. In a foreword to the first number, S. R. Ranganathan, who is president of the Indian Library Association and li- brarian of Hindu University Library (Ben ares), writes that the function of the JANUARY, 1947 · ' library profession is to collect, organize, and serve ~xactly and expeditiously all recorded · thought.
    keywords: assistant; college; director; law; librarian; libraries; library; new; research; staff; university; university library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10270.pdf
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        item: #148 of 5668
          id: crl-10272
      author: Boyd, Julian P.
       title: A Landmark in the History of Library Cooperation in America
        date: 1947-04-01
       words: 5285
      flesch: 41
     summary: Confronted with the pro.blem of securing books and other library materials from foreign countries where the channels of trade were not adequate to the task of supplying American research libraries with the material which they require for respond- ing to the needs and deman·ds of scholar- ship, industry, and the government the Librarian of Congress proposed that the possibility be explored bf making use for this purpose of certain of the facilities which are at the command of the Library of Congress APRIL, 1947 and other government libraries for the de- velopment of their own collections. Fortunately for research libraries in America, this point of view was held with strong conviction by the Librarian of Congress and his colleagues.
    keywords: congress; cooperative; libraries; library; research
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        item: #149 of 5668
          id: crl-10273
      author: Lockwood, Dean P.
       title: Cooperative Acquisitions in the United States Versus a World Library
        date: 1947-04-01
       words: 1780
      flesch: 72
     summary: Books in All Languages As a first step, then, toward solving this problem, we are offered a tentative acquisi- tion of books in the Latin alphabet-a test case which so dodges the real difficulties as to be practically useless. Only when we get books on every subject in Russian, He- brew, Arabic, Gr~ek, Turkish, Armenian, Hindustani, and what not, will we approach our goal.
    keywords: books; world
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10273.pdf
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        item: #150 of 5668
          id: crl-10275
      author: Hardin, Garrett
       title: The Doctrine of Sufferance in the Library
        date: 1947-04-01
       words: 3003
      flesch: 70
     summary: The judging of books ts even now, in research libraries, less a coveted privilege than it is an unpleasant duty. Among librarians, Fre- mont Rider has attracted the most attention with his proposaP to reduce books photo- 2 Hardin_~ Garrett.
    keywords: book; libraries; library; research
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        item: #151 of 5668
          id: crl-10276
      author: Metcalf, Keyes D.
       title: Some Proposed In-Service, or Supplementary, Training Programs
        date: 1947-04-01
       words: 1108
      flesch: 64
     summary: A basic course for the training of practically all librarians is a good idea in itself, if this basic course doesn't end matters, but we certainly have no right to . think that anyone who has taken the basic course can do all kinds and varieties of library jobs acceptably without more training, either in library school or through in-service training. 3· I think we have failed to realize that a good cataloger or a good reference worker does not automatically become a good ad- ministrator. We have no thought of attempting to start a new library school, neither do we believe that proposals like ours will make library schools obsolete.
    keywords: library; training
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        item: #152 of 5668
          id: crl-10277
      author: Hirsch, Rudolf
       title: University of Pennsylvania--In-Service Training Program
        date: 1947-04-01
       words: 1669
      flesch: 56
     summary: By RUDOLF HIRSCH and others University of Pennsylvania-In--Service Training Program 1 Convinced that the tirrie is ripe for ex- perimentation in library education based to some extent on theories expressed in .recent critical writings, the ·University of Penn- sylvania Library outlines in this paper its projected in-service training program. We have no thought of attempting to start a new library school, neither do we believe that proposals like ours will make library schools obsolete.
    keywords: library; training
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        item: #153 of 5668
          id: crl-10279
      author: Espenshade, Edward B.
       title: Maps for the College Library
        date: 1947-04-01
       words: 3564
      flesch: 62
     summary: Maps of each of the political units in A.frica might be of rela- tively little value, and, therefore, coverage could be provided by series of maps which cover continental parts made up of several political units. Maps for the College Library M APS should be an integral part of a college library, but relatively few li- brarians have considered them very impor- tant.
    keywords: area; library; maps; scale
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        item: #154 of 5668
          id: crl-10280
      author: Brown, Edna Mae
       title: New Periodicals of 1946--Part II
        date: 1947-04-01
       words: 2616
      flesch: 73
     summary: Basketball Magazine Co., I34 State St., Hammond, Ind. v. I, no. 1, November I946. v. I, no. 1, Aug. I9, I946.
    keywords: american; i946; monthly; new
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        item: #155 of 5668
          id: crl-10282
      author: Thompson, Donald E.
       title: A Self-Survey of the University of Alabama Libraries
        date: 1947-04-01
       words: 2084
      flesch: 63
     summary: The survey was conducted by the director of libraries and two specially appointed assist- ants, 'with the cooperation of the faculty. When the survey was inaugurated, notices were sent to all faculty members inviting them to discuss their needs in the various subject fields with the director of libraries and the survey assistants.
    keywords: libraries; library; survey
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        item: #156 of 5668
          id: crl-10283
      author: Munson, Frances L.
       title: Use of the Depository Catalog in a University Library
        date: 1947-04-01
       words: 3609
      flesch: 64
     summary: 3 Knapp4 and Swank5 discussed card catalogs chiefly from the sub- ject point of view. Since the recently com- Libraries was used as the medium for pleted Catalog of Books Represented by gathering data because of its accessibility and Library of Congress Printed Cards Issued to because there has beer:t some qu~stion as to July JI~ 1942 (referred to hereafter as Book whether the frequency of use is enough to Catalog)
    keywords: cards; catalog; depository; depository catalog
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10283.pdf
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        item: #157 of 5668
          id: crl-10285
      author: Swofford, Lyndal
       title: Mental Hygiene and the College Library
        date: 1947-04-01
       words: 3647
      flesch: 55
     summary: Allow some time to do the extra work thus involved c. Try to interest each staff member in some group work for leadership in which he is specially fitted d. Watch for opportunities which will permit staff members to receive school and community recognition for successful accomplishments e. Encourage membership in local, state, and national professional groups which are working for the improvement of conditions affecting library work: in- creased salaries, tenure and retire~ent plans, community restrictions, etc. Ma~y of these factors are related •to the general economic situation, social-class atti- tudes, and type of education now available to those who select library work as a voca- tion.
    keywords: hygiene; library; mental; staff; work
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        item: #158 of 5668
          id: crl-10286
      author: Muller, Robert H.
       title: The Art of Plain Talk (Book Review)
        date: 1947-04-01
       words: 619
      flesch: 66
     summary: Somewhat puzzling to the uninitiated may be the fact that Dr. Flesch discusses many more factprs of readability then are covered by his formula; for instance, the use of repetition, filler words, ample punctuation, APRIL, 1947 and verbs in the active voice, and the avoid- ance of commenting adjectives, compound prepositions, unnecessary connectives, relative pronouns, and rhetorical devices. Dr. Flesch offers his own objective device for determining how difficult any given sample of reading matter is in terms of the educational level of readers.
    keywords: flesch
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        item: #159 of 5668
          id: crl-10288
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Recommendations Adopted by Conference on International Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Exchanges, Princeton N.J., Nov. 26, 1946; Proceedings of the Business Session, A.C.R.L., Buffalo, June 20, 1946; Amendments to the Constitution and By-Laws of the Association of College and Reference Libraries; Personnel; News from the Field
        date: 1947-04-01
       words: 15500
      flesch: 62
     summary: f Elizabeth Tarver has been appointed head of the catalog department of the West Vir- ginia University Library at Morgantown. Nicholas Murray Butler has presented to Columbia University Library fifteen bound volumes and two unbound volumes of his personal correspondence with nine presidents of the United States.
    keywords: a.c.r.l; a.l.a; american; association; chairman; college; committee; librarian; libraries; library; meeting; members; new; president; research; university
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        item: #160 of 5668
          id: crl-10289
      author: Carlson, William H.
       title: Preparations for Progress
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 4864
      flesch: 51
     summary: The worst thing that could hap- pen to us, in my opinion, would be a narrow and restricting specialism and a con- scious cultivation of the ways in which we differ from other librarians. I cannot agree with a recent assertion that the problems of college librarianship are so sharply dif- ferent from those of public librarianship as to demand almost opposite answers.
    keywords: association; college; librarianship; libraries; library; world
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10289.pdf
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        item: #161 of 5668
          id: crl-10290
      author: Brown, Margaret C.
       title: The Graduate Student's Use of the Subject Catalog
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 4272
      flesch: 63
     summary: It is not pos- sible to fashion catalogs to meet the needs of the library's patrons unless more is known about the nature of these needs. The subjects in the catalog are, on the whole, subjects of books.
    keywords: catalog; student; subject
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        item: #162 of 5668
          id: crl-10291
      author: Sacks, Benjamin A.
       title: The College Library and Collateral Reading Lists: The Experiences of an Historian
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 2846
      flesch: 55
     summary: Such books as the library receives in the interim will be compiled on supple- mentary sheets and distributed to the stu- dents. The project extende'd over a period of eight months, being wound up during the summer when most of the books had been returned to the stacks and it was possible to make a final check of books known to be in the collection but which had not been en- countered in the original canvass.
    keywords: books; library; literature; reading
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10291.pdf
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        item: #163 of 5668
          id: crl-10292
      author: Fay, Lucy E.
       title: Program of In-Service Training in College and University Library
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 2465
      flesch: 60
     summary: This was the germ of what was two years later ( I928) developed at Columbia as a plan of study for the course in college and university libraries, with the idea that students going back to their libraries might continue to use it as a plan of continuing education in subject literature fields. The program offered here is concerned with the literature of subject fields and with the authors and the place of their books which have con- tributed to the intellectual development of the race.
    keywords: library; staff; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10292.pdf
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        item: #164 of 5668
          id: crl-10293
      author: Kirkpatrick, Leonard H.
       title: Another Approach to Staff Status
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 1797
      flesch: 67
     summary: At present he is committed to the theory that salaries rather than vacations JULY, 1947 attract strong library staff members. Likewise, staff members should be released for some course work during the week if they wish.
    keywords: rank; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10293.pdf
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        item: #165 of 5668
          id: crl-10294
      author: Feagley, Ethel
       title: The Cultural Resources of the Teachers College Library
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 2941
      flesch: 65
     summary: Five twenty-five-cent edi- tions of children's books will be published each month in an attempt to encourage young people to own good books as well as read them. By the time books .have been pu17chased · for required readin~ or t~ ,strength~n weak spots in the collec- tion, , the~e ·is little mpney remaining for ,leisur~_,fime reading. '
    keywords: books; college; library; teachers; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10294.pdf
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        item: #166 of 5668
          id: crl-10295
      author: Dickson, Janet S.
       title: Centralized Cataloging in College and University Libraries
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 3949
      flesch: 53
     summary: College and University Libraries~ A COMPLEX PROBLEM in some college and university libraries is the admin- istration of departmental libraries. Are variations from the central library routine cataloging procedures neces- sary for departmental libraries?
    keywords: catalog; departmental; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10295.pdf
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        item: #167 of 5668
          id: crl-10296
      author: Wright, Edith
       title: The American Library in Paris Goes Technical
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 917
      flesch: 47
     summary: The library must con- tinue to build up its collections and to make them known to the French public, but the start made clearly indicates the need for American technical books in Paris. the important postwar develop- £\.. ments at the American Library in Paris is the establishment of a collection of modern American technical books. .At
    keywords: books; technical
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10296.pdf
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        item: #168 of 5668
          id: crl-10298
      author: Bennett, Mary A.
       title: New Microfilm Reading Machines
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 2249
      flesch: 68
     summary: The full width of unperforated 35mm. film is pro- jected on the screen at the same time. The edges of unperforated film may be brought into view by a scanning device.
    keywords: film; reading; screen
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10298.pdf
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        item: #169 of 5668
          id: crl-10299
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: New Cooperative Research Project
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 565
      flesch: 51
     summary: The listing of commentaries, which represent a common but comparatively neg- lected branch of literature, will supplement information contain;d in catalogs of old li- braries and should provide tangible proof for an appraisal of the use or lack of use made of ancient authors through the cen- turies before A.D. x6oo. This machine will project a bright sharp image of unperforated film at I 3 x or perforated at I 5 x. ' New Cooperative Research Project ANNOUNCEMENT is made of a n<!w co- operative research project to prepare annotated lists and guides for: ( 1) medieval and Renaissance Latin translations from ancient Greek; and (2) medieval and Renais- ~ance Latin commentaries on ancient Greek and Latin authors.
    keywords: a.d
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10299.pdf
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        item: #170 of 5668
          id: crl-10300
      author: VanMale, John
       title: Regional Library Centers Tomorrow: A Symposium
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 6235
      flesch: 53
     summary: Definition of the word region' is not per- tinent to a discussion of union catalogs, for it may be a city, a county, a state, several states, or a combination of all or portions of any of these. Too much stress on location serv- ice leads to statements such as: JULYj 1947 Except for local use, the writer cannot see the reason - for union catalogs, outside of the Library of Congress, in the regions east of the Mississippi.
    keywords: catalog; center; libraries; library; subject; union; union catalog
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10300.pdf
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        item: #171 of 5668
          id: crl-10301
      author: Stevens, Rolland E.
       title: The Reference Survey as an Administrative Tool
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 4241
      flesch: 61
     summary: Time Study In order to supplement the information anticipated from an analysis of the records of reference questions, a time study was planned as the second part of the survey. a comparison of the subject classes of sources used in answering reference questions with the classes in which the library has a large proportion of · the titles listed in Mudge.
    keywords: library; questions; reference; time
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10301.pdf
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        item: #172 of 5668
          id: crl-10302
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: College and University Library Statistics
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 10675
      flesch: 92
     summary: 3~~:g 713 668 107 50 No 65,262 40,346 36,596 16,162 3520 2747 1363 344 506 24,645 487,407 Iowa, Cedar Falls, State Teachers College .... ..... ..... ...••••• . No 143,533 51,740 80,734 17,969 5593 6007 1988 1477 536 33,573 995,370 Kansas, Emporia, State Teachers College ........................
    keywords: clerical; library; salary; state college; state teachers; summer; teachers college; year
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10302.pdf
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        item: #173 of 5668
          id: crl-10304
      author: Baughman, Roland
       title: Resources for Research (Book Review)
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 3607
      flesch: 57
     summary: Elsewhere he writes what should be engrossed on the walls of every collector's library-There is no virtue in age of itself, but continuity and steadily maintained purpose are excellent things in the formation of book collections. Providence, R.I., The Associates of the John Carter Brown Library, 1946.
    keywords: brown; clark; collections; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10304.pdf
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        item: #174 of 5668
          id: crl-10305
      author: Kozumplik, William A.
       title: Implications of Armed Services Educational Programs (Book Review)
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 2705
      flesch: 49
     summary: It is especially important for them now to be mindful of the challenging implications of the gains of armed services educational programs for civilian education if they are to contribute significantly to the labors of our educational thinkers and teachers toward the progress of education in this country. Yet the reports which have recently been published are not without significance for the profession of education, administrator and teacher alike, as well as for the library profession which likewise may profit greatly from it in terms of awareness and trends in the areas of adult and general education.
    keywords: armed; education; implications; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10305.pdf
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        item: #175 of 5668
          id: crl-10307
      author: Buchanan, R. E.
       title: The Development and Function of a Research Library, 1922-46
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 2224
      flesch: 59
     summary: 4· Development of prompt and adequate training of graduate students in the efficient use of library resources. Such lists assisted the library : I. To develop high pnonty ratings in essential subject matter fields for publications being purchased for U.S. libraries by the .
    keywords: brown; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10307.pdf
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        item: #176 of 5668
          id: crl-10308
      author: Chen, Hung Shun
       title: Suggestions for Handling Chinese Materials in American College and University Libraries
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 2846
      flesch: 69
     summary: Chinese library of the University of Chicago, as well as in the Chinese collection of ·columbia University, and is being considered for use in other · Chinese collections in this country. in Chinese language and literature who has library training.
    keywords: china; chinese; comp; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10308.pdf
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        item: #177 of 5668
          id: crl-10309
      author: Downs, Robert Bingham
       title: Problems of German Periodicals
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 3935
      flesch: 54
     summary: Problems of German Periodicals FOR AT LEAST the past half century science and technology in America and else- where have ·leaned heavily on and been pro- foundly influenced by the work of German scientists. Current periodical subscriptions, nearly exclusively in science and technology, he re.ported, rose from $8,000 per year in 1925 to $18,000 in 8 A.L.A. Bulletin 25 :s I9, September I93 I. JULY, 1947 1931, an increase attributable almost en- tirely to the cost of German periodicals.
    keywords: cost; german; library; periodicals; prices
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10309.pdf
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        item: #178 of 5668
          id: crl-10310
      author: Dunbar, Ralph M.
       title: Development of Adequate Library Resources in Rural Communities
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 2603
      flesch: 59
     summary: Along with noting certain limita- tions to his conclusions, he adds: If we believe that library service involves at least the elements suggested ... then the population minimum of 50,000 would need to be even larger when rural service -is included.i6 Fil!ancial Support The financial support of rural library 4 Cf. The complicating factors of population density and per capita ability to support rural library service are well-known.
    keywords: libraries; library; rural; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10310.pdf
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        item: #179 of 5668
          id: crl-10311
      author: Evans, Luther H.
       title: The Library of Congress and Its Service to Science and Technology
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 4183
      flesch: 51
     summary: There is general agreement among both scientists and librarians that there should be some library in the country where the scientist should be able to find every possible piece of scientific information to supplement the working collections at his dispesal, · a 320 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES sort of federal reserve bank of scientific knowledge. Among the first acts of the organizers of the institution was the establishment of a library and the initiation of a series of scientific publications.
    keywords: collection; congress; library; reports; science; scientific
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10311.pdf
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        item: #180 of 5668
          id: crl-10312
      author: Fleming, Thomas P.; Brodman, Estelle; Robb, Seymore
       title: A Continuous Bibliographic Service in University Libraries
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 3278
      flesch: 53
     summary: University libraries occasionally prepare bibliographies upon request for members of the teaching and research staffs. In compiling bibliographies, the published medical indexes, the collections of medical abstracts and the various review journals (English and foreign) are consulted, supplemented by the ' checking of current literature in the library.
    keywords: bibliographic; library; literature; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10312.pdf
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        item: #181 of 5668
          id: crl-10314
      author: McDiarmid, E. W.
       title: Professional Library Associations
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 2320
      flesch: 55
     summary: The establishment of the office of executive secretary of A.C.R.L. is tangible 'proof of this determination.2 Financing Development of strong divisions would of course be impossible without some finan- cial support for them. This has led to a considera- ble use of talent from all A.L.A. divisions on A.L.A. committees, and, while some rough spots need removing, committee organ- ization seems to have proceeded smoothly.
    keywords: a.l.a; divisions; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10314.pdf
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        item: #182 of 5668
          id: crl-10315
      author: Metcalf, Keyes D.; Williams, Edwin E.
       title: International Relations
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 2208
      flesch: 55
     summary: If, today, the Depart- ment of State operates American libraries abroad by the score, it is largely because the A.L.A. helped to demonstrate both the need and the means of meeting it. American research libraries, of course, have always been fully aware of the need for importing foreign publications.
    keywords: american; international; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10315.pdf
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        item: #183 of 5668
          id: crl-10316
      author: Orr, Robert W.
       title: A Few Aspects of College Library Service
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 3480
      flesch: 60
     summary: Off-Campus Service There are also off-campus readers who JULY, 1947 need library service. 343 tions should be purchased or members of the faculty concerned should have their way paid to other libraries to consult such ma- terials.
    keywords: books; libraries; library; service; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10316.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10316.txt

        item: #184 of 5668
          id: crl-10317
      author: Reece, Ernest J.
       title: Education for Librarianship--What Model?
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 2781
      flesch: 56
     summary: They largely may be new to the curricula of library schools. Being in itself substan- tial, the discipline would be worth getting ready for through preprofessional study which library schools would be .warranted in prescribing and which might be varied to suit ·the aims of individuals, including pro- spective special librarians.
    keywords: librarians; library; professional
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10317.pdf
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        item: #185 of 5668
          id: crl-10318
      author: Rice, Paul North
       title: Has the Association of Research Libraries Proved Worth While?
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 1576
      flesch: 62
     summary: It cannot be emphasize.d too much that when results come from the Association of Research Libraries discussions they will surely be shared by all interested. College and Research Libraries By PAUL NORTH RICE Has the Association of Research Libraries Proved Worth While?
    keywords: association; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10318.pdf
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        item: #186 of 5668
          id: crl-10320
      author: White, Carl M.
       title: Assistant Directors in the Columbia University Libraries
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 3855
      flesch: 59
     summary: The second stage was one when the director of libraries was also the dean of the school of library service and when he was sup- ported on the library sine by a libnrian in direct charge of the daily operations of the libraries. The use of assistant directors in the Columbia libraries is explained by a desire to keep the span of control for the unified organization within manageable limits and 'the desire, at the same time, to have the strength of the combined staff measure up to the equivalent of the strength of two staffs if they stood separately, one for the libraries and one for the school of library service.
    keywords: assistant; director; library; services; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10320.pdf
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        item: #187 of 5668
          id: crl-10321
      author: Wilson, Louis R.
       title: The University Library Survey: Its Results
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 4906
      flesch: 60
     summary: It has recently been em- ployed by the universities of South Carolina and De'nver, and Stanford University, and it will d~ubtless continue to be employed as an effective means of improving the services of university libraries. They are elementary because they have been intended for · administrative officers and faculty members who are not experts in library administration but whose sympa- thetic understanding and cooperation are essential to the carrying out of · an effective, significant library program.
    keywords: libraries; library; program; survey; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10321.pdf
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        item: #188 of 5668
          id: crl-10323
      author: Crawford, Helen
       title: Bibliography of Charles Harvey Brown
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 3064
      flesch: 65
     summary: (Bulletin of the American Library Association I :156-57, July 1907.) (Bull etin of the American Library Association 5:105-09, July I 9II.)
    keywords: american; association; bulletin; college; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10323.pdf
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        item: #189 of 5668
          id: crl-10324
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Personnel; News from the Field
        date: 1947-06-30
       words: 3883
      flesch: 52
     summary: In one chapter of the pamphlet, Mr. Ranganathan discusses Academic Libraries. Libraries at the school and university levels are considered as are also libraries of learned societies. Yale University Library has acquired sev- I New-s from eral valuable additions to its extstmg collec- tions through the will of the late Gabriel Wells, well-known dealer in rare books and manuscripts: Mr. Wells bequeathed the equivalent of ten thousand dollars to the li- brary, to be selected from the rare books and manuscripts remammg in his possession.
    keywords: collection; college; librarian; libraries; library; new; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10324.pdf
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        item: #190 of 5668
          id: crl-10325
      author: Rush, N. Orwin
       title: Message from the Executive Secretary
        date: 1947-10-01
       words: 505
      flesch: 54
     summary: A committee on recruiting the type of librarian needed in the college, university, and reference fields 3· A committee to consider the educational preparation and qualifications needed by col- lege and university librarians, to promote development of these qualifications through in-service training, and to work closely with the library schools to assist them in trans- mitting to their students the needed qualifica- tions 4· A committee to consider the financial needs of our association and to suggest a program for their realization. President Carlson's proposals are calcu- lated to bring us college, university, and reference librarians of the proper learning and scholarly dispositions; librarians who will supply the type of library service which the American college and university must have.
    keywords: college
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10325.pdf
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        item: #191 of 5668
          id: crl-10326
      author: Mowat, Charles L
       title: Libraries and Liberal Education
        date: 1947-10-01
       words: 5051
      flesch: 53
     summary: During the recent years of war, when we were forced to reconsider the value of education and to ask what we cherished and what we deplored in our national life, there was an almost Messianic revival of the be- lief in the power of liberal education and much intense study by university and col- lege faculties of how it could be restored to a more vital part in college education. This was the education of the few, and it combined, as the work of the university still combines liberal education in the arts ' . and professional training in the higher sub- jects.
    keywords: books; college; education; liberal; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10326.pdf
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        item: #192 of 5668
          id: crl-10330
      author: Oathout, Melvin; Oathout, Evelyn
       title: A Pamphlet Method for Research Libraries
        date: 1947-10-01
       words: 4423
      flesch: 61
     summary: This argument begins with the assump- tion that pamphlet material is overwhelm- ingly research in nature; it is material that is not referred to by any specific ref- erence and which has lost its originally in- tended significance and is important for some other reason. The fact of the matter is that, although pamphlet material is not primarily reference material, the unit pamphlet may be desig- nated or referred to.
    keywords: author; file; library; pamphlet; research; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10330.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10330.txt

        item: #193 of 5668
          id: crl-10331
      author: Branscomb, Lewis C.
       title: University of Illinois Library Programs
        date: 1947-10-01
       words: 2682
      flesch: 60
     summary: Although sixty-six may not seem a phe- nomenal number of people in terms of the size of the faculty, staff, and student body, it compares favorably with the size of audi- ences at other programs of this type in the university. With this consideration in mind, the Librarians' Association of the U niver- sity of Illinois Library in January 1944 created the Library Hour-a series of weekly programs held every Wednesday afternoon between the hours of five and six.
    keywords: committee; library; program; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10331.pdf
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        item: #194 of 5668
          id: crl-10332
      author: Harrington, Roseanne H.; Lyle, Guy R.
       title: Recruiting and Developing a Library Staff
        date: 1947-10-01
       words: 5574
      flesch: 71
     summary: They are the experi- enced librarians who are responsible for OCTOBERJ 1947 performing most of the professional opera- tions which are referred to collectively as library service. The employment of library assistants has a threefold purpose.
    keywords: assistant; librarian; library; members; rank; staff; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10332.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10332.txt

        item: #195 of 5668
          id: crl-10333
      author: Penna, Carlos Victor
       title: Union Catalogs in the Argentine Republic
        date: 1947-10-01
       words: 1044
      flesch: 52
     summary: They can be divided into three important groups, each with quite different characteristics: union author catalogs, centralized systematic catalogs, and union catalogs of periodical publications. Union Author Catalogs It is toward this aspect of collaboration among libraries that the most effective ef- forts have been directed, though the type is of less technical complexity than other varieties of union catalogs.
    keywords: catalog; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10333.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10333.txt

        item: #196 of 5668
          id: crl-10334
      author: Brown, Edna Mae
       title: New Periodicals of 1947---Part I
        date: 1947-10-01
       words: 3094
      flesch: 65
     summary: W. 42nd St., New York City I8. 29 W. 39th St., New York City I8.
    keywords: i947; new; quarterly; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10334.pdf
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        item: #197 of 5668
          id: crl-10335
      author: North, Audrey
       title: Buying Books on a Budget
        date: 1947-10-01
       words: 1745
      flesch: 69
     summary: Not only did the winner have a good col- lection of books but displayed them attrac- tively, placing all the books in a ·paddock and using riding boots for book ends. Books are becoming more pleasurable and profitable, books are becoming a more integral part of the students' life, books are awakening the love of reading.
    keywords: books; college; contest
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10335.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10335.txt

        item: #198 of 5668
          id: crl-10336
      author: Comins, Dorothy J.
       title: Reprints and Microfilms of Certain Periodicals
        date: 1947-10-01
       words: 1309
      flesch: 76
     summary: I, Jan.-Feb. I94I. Social Research,2 v. 7, no. 2, 4, May, Nov. I940; v. 9, no. 3, Aug. I942; v. II, no. 2, May I944; v. 13, no. I, Jan. I94I; v. 24, no. 4, 5, 6, Oct., Nov., Dec. I942; v. 25, no. 3, Mar. I943; v. 29, no. 2, Feb. I945· American Journal of Digestive Diseases, v. 9, no. 5, May I942; v. Io, no. 4, April I943· American Journal of Diseases of Children, v. 59, Jan.-June I940.
    keywords: journal
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10336.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10336.txt

        item: #199 of 5668
          id: crl-10340
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: A Report on the Mary Reed Library (Book Review)
        date: 1947-10-01
       words: 2261
      flesch: 55
     summary: Dr. Metcalf an Dr. Osborn, in the survey of the New Y or State Library, have approached their problem within the limits they had prescribed fo themselves, but they have also set forth a pattern that should be useful to officials in other state libraries. $10o,ooo should be allotted for clearing up the backlog of uncataloged materials; cataloging should be simplified; the reference service should be 467 extended by adding the history and periodical sections to its responsibility; a new charging system should be introduced; large quantities of duplicates should be removed from the stacks; a legislative reference service program, modeled after that of a similar service in the Library of Congress, should be established; changes should be made in the location of certain units for more effective utilization of space; the medical section should be a work- ing rather than a historical library; a system of approved, permanent methods and records . should be set up for the order work and cataloging; superfluous or overlapping cata- logs should be eliminated or consolidated; all cataloging work should be centralized in the cataloging department; a positive acquisition program, based on the objectives of the state library, should be inaugurated; the work of the state library should be linked with the state-wide program of library service; and a branch of the state library to serve state agencies should be set up in New York City.
    keywords: library; state
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10340.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10340.txt

        item: #200 of 5668
          id: crl-10342
      author: Walling, Ruth
       title: Guides to the Harvard Libraries. No. I: Economics and Business (Book Review)
        date: 1947-10-01
       words: 1375
      flesch: 56
     summary: An impor- tant value the student will derive, aside from the primary one of the minimization of trial and error, is the conception he will gain of the wealth of library materials available to him and the painstaking care he must use to uncover them. . For each of the areas~ information concerning the housing of special materials relating to 1t IS given and important bibliographies are pro- vided.
    keywords: business; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10342.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10342.txt

        item: #201 of 5668
          id: crl-10343
      author: Martin, Lowell
       title: Problems of Faculty Personnel (Book Review)
        date: 1947-10-01
       words: 1320
      flesch: 57
     summary: Thus, Frank Lank- ard recounts the cooperative plan for select- 471 - ing new staff members at Brothers College of Drew University, B. Lamar Johnson de- scribes the special program for inducting faculty members at Stephens College, Mal- Four papers are devoted to the academic preparation of faculty members, one for the junior college by James Reynolds, of the University of Georgia, one for liberal arts colleges by W. W. Whitehouse, of Albion College, one for graduate teachers by Fer- nand us Payne, of Indiana University, and one for , teachers in technical schools by L. L. Jarvie, of the New York State Education Department.
    keywords: faculty; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10343.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10343.txt

        item: #202 of 5668
          id: crl-10344
      author: Macalister, Jean F.
       title: New Reference Tools (Book Review)
        date: 1947-10-01
       words: 640
      flesch: 56
     summary: Four papers are devoted to the academic preparation of faculty members, one for the junior college by James Reynolds, of the University of Georgia, one for liberal arts colleges by W. W. Whitehouse, of Albion College, one for graduate teachers by Fer- nand us Payne, of Indiana University, and one for , teachers in technical schools by L. L. Jarvie, of the New York State Education Department. College and Research Libraries ing new staff members at Brothers College of Drew University, B. Lamar Johnson de- scribes the special program for inducting faculty members at Stephens College, Mal- colm Willey arouses envy in at least one metropolitan faculty apartment-dweller with his account of the faculty housing program at the University of Minnesota, and Reuben Frodin makes a good case for the controver- sial full-time appointments at the U niver- sity of Chicago.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10344.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10344.txt

        item: #203 of 5668
          id: crl-10347
      author: Winton, Harry N. M.
       title: Documents and Publications of the United Nations
        date: 1948-01-01
       words: 7144
      flesch: 75
     summary: T h e r e remain to be sure, cer- tain inconsistencies, but the f o l l o 8 2 / C o r r . 3 is the third corrigendum to the verbatim record of the eighty-second plenary meeting of the Security C
    keywords: t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10347.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10347.txt

        item: #204 of 5668
          id: crl-10352
      author: Wright, Wyllis E.
       title: The Recataloging Program of the Army Medical Library
        date: 1948-01-01
       words: 10227
      flesch: 112
     summary: w h i c h w a s represented on t h e c o m m i t t e e , the classifi- c a t i p a n d m o u n t on c a r d s t h e a u t h o r e n t r
    keywords: r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10352.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10352.txt

        item: #205 of 5668
          id: crl-10353
      author: Espenshade, Edward B.
       title: A Guide to Map Sources for use in Building a College Map Library
        date: 1948-01-01
       words: 19037
      flesch: 109
     summary: H e r e t h e i n t e r e s t e d o r h e l d s o v e r e i g n t y .
    keywords: e e; e r; h e; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10353.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10353.txt

        item: #206 of 5668
          id: crl-10355
      author: Hyde, William H.
       title: Engineering Libraries: Their Purpose and Organization
        date: 1948-01-01
       words: 14692
      flesch: 112
     summary: o n a n d , m o r e r e c e n t l y , m i n t e r e s t , n o t o n
    keywords: e e; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10355.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10355.txt

        item: #207 of 5668
          id: crl-10362
      author: Purdy, G. Flint
       title: The A.C.R.L. and the Statistics Program of the Office of Education
        date: 1948-04-01
       words: 8352
      flesch: 110
     summary: d s u c h a c o m m i t t e e , u n d e r t h e c h a i r m a n s h APRIL, 1948 113 tistics C o m m i t t e e has s o u g h t o t h e r m e a n s of m a
    keywords: e e; t e; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10362.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10362.txt

        item: #208 of 5668
          id: crl-10363
      author: Clapp, Verner W.
       title: The Library of Congress and the Other Scholarly Libraries in the Nation
        date: 1948-04-01
       words: 21958
      flesch: 110
     summary: I t requires the f u r t h e r e x i o n a l i n t e r e s t , s u c h as i n t e r l i
    keywords: e e; e r; h e; t e; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10363.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10363.txt

        item: #209 of 5668
          id: crl-10364
      author: Adams, Scott
       title: The Army Medical Library and Other Medical Libraries of the Nation
        date: 1948-04-01
       words: 14613
      flesch: 110
     summary: w i t h o u t i n t e r p r e t a t a l o g Division i n t e r p r e t these c o l l e c t i o
    keywords: e d; e r; r o; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10364.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10364.txt

        item: #210 of 5668
          id: crl-10368
      author: Brown, Edna Mae
       title: New Periodicals of 1947--Part II
        date: 1948-04-01
       words: 4479
      flesch: 92
     summary: TH E I N T E R E S T t y P r e s s , C
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10368.pdf
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        item: #211 of 5668
          id: crl-10369
      author: Evans, Luther H.; Vanderbilt, Paul; Besterman, Theodore; Wilcox, Jerome K.; Rankin, Rebecca B.
       title: National Bibliography and Bibliographical Control: A Symposium
        date: 1948-04-01
       words: 10762
      flesch: 54
     summary: Pub- lic Documents with other standard lists, taken together, constitute an approach to national bibliography, and that all that is needed is a supplement which would list publications not included in any other list. I have been trying to indicate that our thinking about national bibliography has been in the direction of considering it as an ele- ment in the achievement of complete biblio- APRIL, 1948 163 graphical control rather than as an isolated publishing project.
    keywords: h e; library; national; publications; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10369.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10369.txt

        item: #212 of 5668
          id: crl-10370
      author: Iben, Icko
       title: Die Dokumentation und ihre Probleme. Vortrage…dr Ersten tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Dokumentation vom 21 bis 24 September 1942 in Salzburg (Book Review)
        date: 1948-04-01
       words: 3006
      flesch: 55
     summary: Kohlhaussen divulges very interesting views on the nature and purpose of museum collections, but does little more than empha- size the difficulty of systematizing these and using them for general documentation. T h e meeting of the Gesellschaft, though sponsored by the authorities, was little more than an extended council meeting.
    keywords: documentation
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10370.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10370.txt

        item: #213 of 5668
          id: crl-10372
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Personnel; News from the Field
        date: 1948-04-01
       words: 7355
      flesch: 64
     summary: T h e r e are now two assistant directors, whose activities and responsibilities are at the administrative rather than the service level, and under whom are grouped the readers' service and technical service departments. T h r e e Areas of Student Use of Russell Sage College L i - brary, 1940-44.
    keywords: h e; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10372.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10372.txt

        item: #214 of 5668
          id: crl-10379
      author: Muller, Robert H.
       title: College Library Buildings Self-Appraised
        date: 1948-06-30
       words: 14601
      flesch: 113
     summary: e t t h e r e are o b s t a c l e s . T h e r e are so many things w r o n g with this building, I really
    keywords: e e; r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10379.pdf
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        item: #215 of 5668
          id: crl-10380
      author: King, Henry H.
       title: Assistance to the Faculty in Library Research: Report from Cornell University
        date: 1948-06-30
       words: 8426
      flesch: 112
     summary: a i s t n e r r e m a r k s in t h e p r e f g i n a t o r r e s t r
    keywords: e r; o r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10380.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10380.txt

        item: #216 of 5668
          id: crl-10381
      author: Bennett, Fleming
       title: A Multi-Purpose Serials Record
        date: 1948-06-30
       words: 11367
      flesch: 109
     summary: r r e o r g a e t e r m i n e f o
    keywords: e d; e e; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10381.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10381.txt

        item: #217 of 5668
          id: crl-10384
      author: Lyle, Guy R.
       title: Graduate Work and Research in the South (Book Review)
        date: 1948-06-30
       words: 5438
      flesch: 101
     summary: T o be sure, some verbal differences appeared as to just w h a t the librarian should furnish to the architect, in o r d e r that the architectural solution of a given p r o b l e m may proceed and eventuate f T h e r e is much in the treatment of lighting that links up readily with the k n o w l e d g e and experience of those w h o operate or w o r k in libraries.
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10384.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10384.txt

        item: #218 of 5668
          id: crl-10393
      author: Swank, Raynard C.
       title: University of Oregon's Audio-Visual Service
        date: 1948-10-01
       words: 6801
      flesch: 62
     summary: Facilities outside the main department will continue to be developed on the theory that, beyond a certain point in the growth of the program, it will prove desirable to decentralize f u r t h e r the use of audio-visual materials through integration, on the one hand, with the subject depart- ments of the library and, on the other hand, through controlled distribution to speech, music, psychology, language, art, and other instructional departments in which use is intensive. T h e decision to administer audio-visual services through the library was f u r t h e r supported by the conviction that, in the long view, their contribution to instruction, and especially, to research will depend less upon the manipulation of mechanical devices in the classroom than upon the systematic acquisition and organization of audio-visual resources for instruction and research—that is, upon the creation of an audio-visual li- brary in the literal, accepted sense.
    keywords: t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10393.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10393.txt

        item: #219 of 5668
          id: crl-10401
      author: Brown, Edna Mae
       title: New Periodicals of 1948--Part I
        date: 1948-10-01
       words: 4723
      flesch: 84
     summary: T h e r e are described various types of bonds avail- able with their interest rates, brief para- graphs on the condition of banks, interest rate outlook, tax exempt investments, etc. Two-Way World Trader is to be a guide for importers and exporters. Segreteria Camera di Com- m e r c i o ,
    keywords: e r
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        item: #220 of 5668
          id: crl-10403
      author: Bartolini, R. Paul
       title: The Position-Classification Plan for University Libraries
        date: 1948-10-01
       words: 2854
      flesch: 49
     summary: T h e y are: ( i ) that the job be clearly defined in writing; ( 2 ) that the relationship of this job to other positions and activities ( t o the whole university li- brary in other w o r d s ) also be made clear. For the purposes here, a position-classi- fication plan may be defined as a compre- hensive, systematic scheme of grouping positions according to certain prescribed criteria, with a code of rules for the estab- lishment, maintenance, and amendment of the system.
    keywords: classification; plan; position
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        item: #221 of 5668
          id: crl-10404
      author: Rush, N. Orwin
       title: Annual Report of the Executive Secretary of A.C.R.L., 1947-48
        date: 1948-10-01
       words: 2735
      flesch: 59
     summary: I made it a point to visit as many libraries to and 1 I also attended such library meetings as the Conference of Eastern College Librarians, the Special Libraries Association meeting, the Conference on Educational Training of Li- brarians held at Atlanta, the meeting on Cooperation of Southern Libraries held at the University of Florida, the building meeting held at the University of Nebraska, and the dedication of the University of Nebraska building.
    keywords: college; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10404.pdf
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        item: #222 of 5668
          id: crl-10406
      author: McCarthy, Stephen A.
       title: Report of a Survey of the Technical Services of the Columbia University Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1948-10-01
       words: 2272
      flesch: 53
     summary: Although this type of survey has apparently come into fairly common use by administrative officers of large libraries, the reports prepared as a result of these studies are seldom made available in published form, and are not widely known. These are matters which commend themselves to the graduate library schools, but there is some doubt that libraries can await the neces- sarily slow processes of such agencies.—Donald Coney, University of California Library, Berkeley.
    keywords: libraries; library; university
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        item: #223 of 5668
          id: crl-10407
      author: Ellinger, Werner B.
       title: Classification for International Law (Book Review)
        date: 1948-10-01
       words: 1529
      flesch: 53
     summary: Thus, provision is made for topics such as 'Reciprocity, M o s t favored nations clause, and T r a d e agreements both under treaties in the section on international law (363) and in the section on foreign relations ( 7 1 ) . E.g., while criminal jurisdiction is classed under the synonymous title of international criminal law ( 3 8 ) the subordinate topic, exterritorial crime, is classed with exterritoriality under the general topic, the state ( 1 4 ) .
    keywords: international
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        item: #224 of 5668
          id: crl-10411
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Digest of Minutes of General Interest, Association of Research Libraries, Meeting Held in Philadelphia, June 11, 1948;
        date: 1948-10-01
       words: 3957
      flesch: 71
     summary: k s h a d b e e n r e c e k s r e c e i v
    keywords: e d; e e; e n; r e
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        item: #225 of 5668
          id: crl-10412
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Personnel; News from the Field
        date: 1948-10-01
       words: 8012
      flesch: 63
     summary: During the spring Yale University Library offered an exhibition of famous American books. There followed two years of experi- ence at the University of Missouri Library after which he became head of the documents department at Indiana University Library, where he served until January 1944.
    keywords: college; e r; librarian; library; university
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        item: #226 of 5668
          id: crl-10413
      author: Laing, Alexander
       title: Reference to Great Issues
        date: 1949-01-01
       words: 4415
      flesch: 70
     summary: There are simply issues which at a given time and under given circllmstances and to a given society, or more precisely to the in- dividuals who compose a given society, be- come great issues in the sense of becoming critical and urgent demanding solution. College and Research Libraries By ALEXANDER LAING Reference to Great Issues
    keywords: great; issues; problems; question; reference
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        item: #227 of 5668
          id: crl-10415
      author: Christ, Robert W.
       title: Acquisition Work in College Libraries
        date: 1949-01-01
       words: 4284
      flesch: 60
     summary: Tentative Standard Thus while the data presented here on current practices and results in the acquisi- 22 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES tion departments of ten college libraries are untrustworthy for purposes of comparison of any two or more libraries within the group, they do provide a guide to a tentative standard for staff, function and performance of acquisition departments in libraries of this type. In the single exception, the catalog department prepares and sends the card orders after a daily ex- amination of outgoing book orders.
    keywords: acquisition; cent; libraries; library
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        item: #228 of 5668
          id: crl-10416
      author: Sampley, Arthur M.
       title: Five Years of Library Cooperation in the North Texas Region
        date: 1949-01-01
       words: 2025
      flesch: 57
     summary: One of the recommendations which has borne fruit is that calling for greater local cooperation in utilizing library resources. The benefits of the North Texas re- gional project have been the strengthening of the serial resources of the region, the development of a plan of cooperative pur- chasing, and greater local cooperation in using library materials.
    keywords: libraries; north; texas
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10416.pdf
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        item: #229 of 5668
          id: crl-10417
      author: Muller, Robert H.
       title: The Selection of Daily Newspapers for a College Library
        date: 1949-01-01
       words: 2607
      flesch: 73
     summary: J the Chicago Daily News, and the Chicago Tribune; College E, only the Chi- cago Tribune and Chicago Sun. The same tendency was observed for the Chicago Sun and the Chicago Herald- A merican.
    keywords: chicago; college; faculty
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        item: #230 of 5668
          id: crl-10418
      author: Clay, Mary H.
       title: Balancing Junior College Instruction with Library Support
        date: 1949-01-01
       words: 3180
      flesch: 57
     summary: The evidence in these reports indicates that standards for junior college libraries need to be raised in other official accreditation regions and in California. According to a Nov. 22, 1947, re- lease from the U. S. Bureau of Labor Sta- tistics, the rise in food prices has brought the food index for September 1947 to 203.5 per cent of the 1935-39 average.10 These conditions are directly responsible for the considerable turnover of staffs in junior college libraries.
    keywords: association; college; junior; libraries; library
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        item: #231 of 5668
          id: crl-10419
      author: Ellinger, Werner B.
       title: An Inexpensive Microprint Reader
        date: 1949-01-01
       words: 1667
      flesch: 59
     summary: 37 The following are some of the advantages claimed by the inventor as compared with earlier methods of microfilm documenta- tion: (a) the saving of storage space occu- pied by cut film as compared with that required for cinefilm, and the possibility of filing cut film in card drawers and using it in a vertical file; (b) the possibility of binding or framing cut film and of mailing it in letter envelopes; (c) the greater ease of referring to individual pages than is pos- sible on 35mm. cinefilm, and the resulting saving of wear and tear; (d) the great resistance of glass to heat and deteriora- tion, when glass plates, in particular the unbreakable kind, are used in lieu of film; (e) the protection which can be given to color film by keeping it between glass; (f) the simple operation, compactness, and low cost of the reading machine, which ma,ke it suitable for home use. This allows the reproduction of more than I I square feet, corresponding to about I 5 newspaper- pages or I 50 pages of a reference book of customary size, plus extra space for the title, on one piece of cut film.
    keywords: film; library; reading
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10419.pdf
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        item: #232 of 5668
          id: crl-10422
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: The Technical Services Division in Libraries: A Symposium
        date: 1949-01-01
       words: 16264
      flesch: 52
     summary: twenty-one have a graduate de- gree in library service, or its equivalent; and two have doctor's degrees. His paper suggests a realignment of the functions of the catalog department in order that that depart- ment may obtain a more realistic under- standing of the aims of library service.
    keywords: catalog; catalog department; cataloging; department; division; librarian; libraries; library; processing; public; staff; technical; technical services; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10422.pdf
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        item: #233 of 5668
          id: crl-10423
      author: Rush, N. Orwin
       title: A.C.R.L. in Action
        date: 1949-01-01
       words: 2740
      flesch: 56
     summary: The committee sponsored a clinic on college library buildings at the Atlantic City Conference at which time a number of librarians presented their plans for discussion and criticism. The committee has established at Headquarters the beginning of what may become a very important collection of docu- ments reflecting current procedures in the administration of college, university, and reference libraries.
    keywords: a.c.r.l; college; committee; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10423.pdf
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        item: #234 of 5668
          id: crl-10424
      author: Merritt, LeRoy Charles
       title: Wartime College Training Programs of the Armed Services (Book Review)
        date: 1949-01-01
       words: 1403
      flesch: 55
     summary: Tabulatioris of these random replies would probably result in an equal number of comments for and against wartime research, providing precisely no evi- dence on its over-all effect upon institutions the country over. Collaboration among scholars in different disciplines in the teaching of integrated courses was already a fact to many progressive institutions long before the war.
    keywords: institutions; programs
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10424.pdf
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        item: #235 of 5668
          id: crl-10425
      author: Reece, Ernest James
       title: The Biography of a Mind: Bosworth of Oberlin (Book Review)
        date: 1949-01-01
       words: 1416
      flesch: 55
     summary: Collaboration among scholars in different disciplines in the teaching of integrated courses was already a fact to many progressive institutions long before the war. Whether or not these two disadvantages outweigh the bene- fit to faculty, institutions, and armed services is not stated, nor is evidence presented to substantiate one viewpoint or the other.
    keywords: course; institutions
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        item: #236 of 5668
          id: crl-10426
      author: Morsch, Lucile M.
       title: Author Headings for the Official Publications of the State of Alabama (Book Review)
        date: 1949-01-01
       words: 2419
      flesch: 66
     summary: This list of the names of the government departments, bureaus and other agencies of the territory and state of Alabama is im- portant in itself and even more noteworthy as the first volume of a projected series of similar publications to cover the forty-eight states and the District of Columbia. The name is followed by the citation of the authority for the form, a chronological record of name changes, transfer of du~ies, if such transfer affects designation of a department or division, mergers with other offices or abolition of the agency, with reference when- ever possible to laws authorizing each change, and finally by a list of see also references.
    keywords: alabama; department; library; state
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        item: #237 of 5668
          id: crl-10427
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Brief Minutes, Meetings Board of Directors, A.C.R.L., Atlantic City
        date: 1949-01-01
       words: 2003
      flesch: 54
     summary: From a detailed study of the sug- gestions made by the board at the midwinter meeting and of other points, the committee decided to recommend that the board appro- priate sufficient funds to poll the membership on the question of whether or not they would be willing to pay increased dues so as to receive College and Research Libraries auto- matically as a part of A.C.R.L. membership and that, dependent upon a favorable answer to this question, the board institute the neces- sary proceedings for making changes in the A.L.A. Constitution to allow for such action. Bulletin and issuing divisional quarterlies, the committee refrain from polling A.C.R.L. membership as sug- gested in their report to the board on June 14; that all libraries subscribing to more than one copy receive the additional sub- scriptions at a reduction of fifty cents for each subscription after the first; and that the committee receive an allotment of $6o for the purpose of furthering its work.
    keywords: a.c.r.l; libraries
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        item: #238 of 5668
          id: crl-10428
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Personnel; New members; News From the Field
        date: 1949-01-01
       words: 9821
      flesch: 46
     summary: . Gill, Odile C., Soutf1eastern Louisiana College Gillespie, Kate Menzies, University of Western Ontario Gleicbman, Dorothy C., Hagerstown, Md., Junior Col- lege Gould, Jane, University of Denver Gowans, Martha B., Wayne University Guernsey, Marjorie Elizabeth, University of South Carolina Hammond, Dorothy, State Teachers College, Glassboro, N.J. Hanke, Lewis Ulysses , Library of Congress Hansen, Alveda L., Phoenix Public Library Hansen, Helen M., North Dakota State Teachers Col- lege, Valley City Hansen, Irene M., Kansas State Teachers College, Emporia Hanchey, Mrs. Marguerite M ., Louisiana State Uni- versity Hard, Mrs. Eleanor Knight, Colorado A & M College Harness, Robert B., University of Illinoi s, Chicago Undergraduate Division Harris, C. Vivian, Marietta, Ga., High School Harris, Mrs. Emma C., Mobile Public Library Harris, Virgie, Davis and Elkins College Harry, Ruth, Washington University Harvey, Kathleen, Teachers College Library, Auckland, New Zealand Harwell, Richard Barksdale, Emory University Hassell, Harold, Providence, R.I. Hatzfeld, Mrs. Herta, Catholic University of America Haykin, David Jud son, Library of Congress Haynes Geraldine, San Diego State College Heil, Grant Wallace, Ventura Junior College Hennessee, Don A., University of Southern California Hepburn, Dollie Booth, Columbia University Hepinstall, Frances G., New York State College for Teachers, Buffalo · Hersey, Rowene Elizabeth, Connecticut College Hertel, Robert R. , New York State Teachers College, Cortland . Holcombe, Alice Katharine, Taylor University Hoover, Mildred E., Grosvenor Library Hopper, Hazel W. Indiana State Library Horn, Rose Lou, 6ttawa University, Ottawa, Kan. Horton, Kathleen, Virginia Polytechnic Institute Howard, Esther Margaret, University of South Dakota Hruska, Emily M., Upjohn Pharmaceutical Library, Kalamazoo, Mich. Hudson, Julie, Princeton University Huggins, Minnie Morris, Univers ity of North Carolina Hugos, M. Evonne, Virginia State Library Hummel, Ray 0., Jr., University of Minnes ot:J. Humphrey, Mary Brown, State University of Iowa Hutchison, V. Vern, Bureau of Mines, Bartlesville, Okla. !
    keywords: city; college; college library; librarian; libraries; library; mrs; new; public library; school; state; state college; state library; state university; teachers; university; university library; york
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        item: #239 of 5668
          id: crl-10429
      author: Carman, Harry J.
       title: Education for Future Librarians
        date: 1949-04-01
       words: 1505
      flesch: 55
     summary: Ours is a democratic society, and from the days when the first white settler put foot on this continent to the present the concepts of human freedom and human betterment and happiness have been the · main roots of American democracy, though at times partially choked by the weeds of selfishness, corruption and crass material- Ism. Our colleges and universities have graduated men and women technically trained as librarians, physicians, lawyers or. social workers with little or no interest in the cultural impli- cations of their professions, much less in those things which enable them to formu- late for themselves a satisfying philosophy of life.
    keywords: education; freedom; social
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        item: #240 of 5668
          id: crl-10431
      author: Hirsch, Rudolf
       title: The In-Service Training Program of the University of Pennsylvania Library
        date: 1949-04-01
       words: 2338
      flesch: 59
     summary: Since courses · did not begin until September, the inter- .vening months permitted instructors to or- ganize their courses and the trainees to familiarize themselves with the work in the University Library. Mr. Hirsch is assistant librarian , prepa- rations division, University of Pennsylvania Libr/Jary.
    keywords: asst; library; pennsylvania; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10431.pdf
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        item: #241 of 5668
          id: crl-10432
      author: Hirsch, Felix E.
       title: The College Librarian as Classroom Teacher
        date: 1949-04-01
       words: 4384
      flesch: 59
     summary: Pres- ident McEwen is certainly correct in say- ing5 that any complete acceptance of college librarians as full colleagues must await proof that the librarians are genuine participants in the shared interests of the faculty in teaching and research. Emphasis should be, to quote once more from President McEwen's letter, on securing for college library staffs more men and women who are themselves edu- cators in some real sense, who are in college library work not because they are librarians, but because it is the library part of the college program which particularly appeals to them.
    keywords: college; faculty; librarian; library; teaching
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10432.pdf
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        item: #242 of 5668
          id: crl-10433
      author: Brown, Helen M.
       title: The Librarian as Teacher in the College Library
        date: 1949-04-01
       words: 3500
      flesch: 58
     summary: Great as have been the strides made in library facilities at the elementary and high school levels, many students still enter college with perhaps only the ability to make partial use of the library card catalog. Some college library staffs gi~e formal credit courses to students in the use of the library, the courses continuing in most cases throughout one semester or term.
    keywords: instruction; library; students; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10433.pdf
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        item: #243 of 5668
          id: crl-10434
      author: Laing, Alexander
       title: The College Library in the Curriculum
        date: 1949-04-01
       words: 3048
      flesch: 70
     summary: Picture for yourself an Atlantic map of the library world, north and south mag- netic poles describing the extreme distinc- tion between the general and special library, while the American and British political poles indicate the difference be- tween a free enterprise and a planned economy of library use. This system has produced good libraries, but
    keywords: academic; college; library; use
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        item: #244 of 5668
          id: crl-10435
      author: Gelfand, Morris A.
       title: The College Librarian in the Academic Community
        date: 1949-04-01
       words: 4463
      flesch: 64
     summary: cil.5 These are but a few of the many examples that can be cited to demo~strate recognition of library staffs as instructional personnel. logical conclusions to be drawn from acceptance of the position that college libraries are im- portant educational agencies and their pro- fessional staffs are clearly instructional personnel.
    keywords: college; faculty; instructional; librarians; library; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10435.pdf
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        item: #245 of 5668
          id: crl-10436
      author: Brown, Edna Mae
       title: New Periodicals of 1948-Part II
        date: 1949-04-01
       words: 3072
      flesch: 68
     summary: Political Science A number of new journals, many of them foreign, are be.ing published to pre- sent the problems of national governments and international relations and to aic! It will publish, preferably in English, the results of new research.
    keywords: i948; journal; new; no.i; v.i
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10436.pdf
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        item: #246 of 5668
          id: crl-10438
      author: Harry, Ruth; Ostvold, Harald
       title: Interlibrary Loan Service and National Research
        date: 1949-04-01
       words: 3357
      flesch: 61
     summary: pears that interlibrary loan service has thoroughly proved its value. 3· Do you include an item in your budget specifically for the expense of operating an interlibrary loan service? This survey was initiated by Washington University Library, as indicated earlier, be- cause interlibrary loan service has become a financial burden.
    keywords: libraries; service
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        item: #247 of 5668
          id: crl-10439
      author: Morse, Marston
       title: Science and the Library
        date: 1949-04-01
       words: 2471
      flesch: 66
     summary: What is needed is an active rapprochement between science and reli- gion, a mutual adjustment of language, a removal of ambiguity, a sober and just recognition by natural science and theology of their common boundaries-not less faith, but more faith, with less doubt as to what is reason and what pretense to reason. A word may be added for the value of th~ library for the few, for those who are seeking to reformulate the philoso- phy of history and culture, of science and religion.
    keywords: library; science; student
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10439.pdf
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        item: #248 of 5668
          id: crl-10440
      author: Burns, Norman
       title: Accrediting Procedures with Special Reference to Libraries
        date: 1949-04-01
       words: 2428
      flesch: 56
     summary: Our concern is rather with the total pattern which an institution presents in the light of its professed objectives and in comparison with other institutions of the same general type. These checklists were carefully con- structed by a committee of librarians rep- resenting various types of institutions.
    keywords: accrediting; institution; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10440.pdf
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        item: #249 of 5668
          id: crl-10441
      author: Merritt, LeRoy Charles
       title: Communications in Modern Society: Fifteen Studies of the Mass Media Prepared for the University of Illinois Institute of Communications Research (Book Review)
        date: 1949-04-01
       words: 2161
      flesch: 54
     summary: The essentially elementary stage so far achieved by communications research is best expressed by Bernard Berelson in these words: Some kinds of communication on some kinds of issues brought to the attention of some kinds of people under some kinds of conditions have some kinds of effects. The book is a useful and inspiring descrip- tion of the achievements and the limitations of communications research today, complete with informative footnotes and a bibliography of roo titles for further reading.
    keywords: communications; problems; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10441.pdf
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        item: #250 of 5668
          id: crl-10442
      author: Kellam, W. Porter
       title: Public Relations for Colleges and Universities; a Manual of Practical Procedure (Book Review)
        date: 1949-04-01
       words: 1398
      flesch: 59
     summary: In the short space of 61 pages, Christopher Edgar Parsons has written a different kind of book on public relations, and an important one. In his own words the author attempts, successfully for the most part, To define and explain the administrator's own position and function as to public relations, and, fur- ther, to con truct a sound public relations procedure.
    keywords: public; relations
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10442.pdf
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        item: #251 of 5668
          id: crl-10444
      author: Powell, Lawrence Clark
       title: Taste and Technique in Book-Collecting; a Study of Recent developments in Great Britain and the United States (Book Review)
        date: 1949-04-01
       words: 1282
      flesch: 53
     summary: The discussions, the institutional exhibits, the standards,· the classified lists of schools in the appendices of both volumes, the tabular presentation of curricula offered by junior colleges-these features, among others, render these volumes edited by Brumbaugh and Bogue exceptionally valuable reference guides for college and re- search libraries.-Maurice F. Tauber, Co- lumbia University. Part I of this volume contains discussions of types of junior colleges, development of the junior college movement, present status and trends of the junior college movement, and accreditation of junior colleges.
    keywords: book; collecting
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        item: #252 of 5668
          id: crl-10445
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: College and University Library Statistics; Personnel; News from the Field;
        date: 1949-04-01
       words: 17245
      flesch: 86
     summary: Personnel R ALPH WENDELL McCoMB, associate li-barian at the Pennsylvania State College Library since January I947, succeeded Willard P. Lewis as college librarian on September I. Mr. McComb, a native of Manquin, Va., is a graduate of the University of Chicago, Ph.B. I929, and of the University of Illinois Library School, B.S. in L.S. I932 and M.A. I936. Joyce L. Steven- son, formerly readers' librarian in the Welles- ley College Library, has been appointed assist- ant head of the loan department.
    keywords: assistant; college library; librarian; libraries; library; new; professional; school; staff; state college; state teachers; teachers college; university; university library; year
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10445.pdf
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        item: #253 of 5668
          id: crl-10447
      author: Fussler, Herman H.
       title: The Bibliographer Working in a Broad Area of Knowledge
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 2443
      flesch: 60
     summary: And funds in most libraries are always insufficient to meet the demand. By some device or other, the bulk of the available book fund for the year was broken up into departmental allot- ments, the size of which varied according to various ingenious formulae or weighted factors such as the extent of existing li- brary resources, the amount of publishing being done in the field, the cost of publica- tions in the particular field, numbers of graduate and undergraduate students, num- bers of faculty members, and the amount allotted last year, to name a few of the more common factors.
    keywords: faculty; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10447.pdf
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        item: #254 of 5668
          id: crl-10448
      author: Reichmann, Felix
       title: The Acquisition Librarian as Bibliographer
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 3013
      flesch: 59
     summary: One argument for the centralization of book selection within the library is the oneness of knowledge. The administration of book selection, the most noble function of the library, should follow the same pattern.
    keywords: bibliography; book; librarian; library; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10448.pdf
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        item: #255 of 5668
          id: crl-10449
      author: Grieder, Elmer M.
       title: The Foundations of Acquisition Policy in the Small University Library
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 4277
      flesch: 59
     summary: W HAT APPEARS to be a recent tendency to think of university library prob- lems in terms of the great research collec- tions has somewhat obscured the fact that certain questions and dilemmas sometimes take on a different aspect and emphasis in small libraries. For most small university libraries, how- ever, the intrinsic values of these donations of money or books are not nearly so great as in the case of gifts made to larger ones.
    keywords: large; libraries; library; small; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10449.pdf
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        item: #256 of 5668
          id: crl-10451
      author: Brown, George B.
       title: Use of Punched Cards in Acquisition Work: Experience at Illinois
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 1729
      flesch: 75
     summary: In order to get an accurate estimate of outstanding orders, it was necessary quarterly to examine the carbon copies of all purchase orders to find out which items had not yet been received and paid for, getting a new outstanding order figure on each fund, and effecting the necessary reconciliation on the ledger. In order to take care of the reconcilia- tion of actual costs with estimated costs at the end of each quarter of the fiscal year, all the cards in the orders and receipts file are rearranged by fund, the items received are eliminated, and the remaining cards consist of orders which are still outstanding.
    keywords: order; purchase
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10451.pdf
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        item: #257 of 5668
          id: crl-10452
      author: Dewey, Harry
       title: Precataloging--A Must for the Modern Library
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 4039
      flesch: 66
     summary: In libraries having official catalogs, the alphabetical function of the in-process catalog will be assumed by both the official and public catalogs, for no library can any longer deprive its clientele of books just because they have not been permanently cataloged and classified, or justify the witholding of temporary cards from the public while at the same time providing them for th e use of the staff. The adoption of the system by large catalog departments will make possible the elimination of the expensive in-proc~ss catalog.
    keywords: books; catalog; order; temporary
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10452.pdf
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        item: #258 of 5668
          id: crl-10454
      author: Rider, Fremont
       title: Microcards and Punched Card Filing
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 1814
      flesch: 65
     summary: I have had to reply that the filing of microcards, or for that matter the filing of any sort of catalog cards, was not practicable by any of the punched card systems with which I was familiar, and in the case of most of these letters I tried to explain why. Proponents of the mechanical filing of catalog cards have failed to realize at its full value the fact that all punched card systems were developed to be, and still are, sorting systems, not filing systems.
    keywords: card; catalog
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10454.pdf
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        item: #259 of 5668
          id: crl-10455
      author: Thom, Ian W.
       title: The Divided Catalog in College and University Libraries
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 3561
      flesch: 65
     summary: Reasons for Division Sixteen specific reasons for division were submitted to the respondents who were asked to check the items that applied to their respective libraries and to rank them in order of importance. ,.The fre- quency curve representing the cumulative increase in the number of divided catalogs rises sharply from I938 to I941, at which point the ascent becomes less abrupt.
    keywords: catalog; divided; division; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10455.pdf
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        item: #260 of 5668
          id: crl-10456
      author: Asheim, Lester
       title: What Kind of Books? What Kind of Readers?
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 4502
      flesch: 65
     summary: Such a viewpoint, resulting as it does in the reduction of the number of libraries rather than in their multiplication, is a shocking one to mpst librarians. libraries, popular bookstores, corner news- stands and drugstore book departments serve useful functions in our society.
    keywords: book; college; library; reading; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10456.pdf
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        item: #261 of 5668
          id: crl-10457
      author: Rogers, Rutherford D.
       title: Administrative Problems of Reference and Research Libraries
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 4365
      flesch: 59
     summary: We are indebted to Raymond Swank for a penetrating analysis of the two common ways of preparing a subject approach to library materials. Second, only if we amalgamate deposit library books from all cooperating libraries and eliminate most duplication will we realize the full potenti- alities of the deposit idea.
    keywords: catalog; libraries; library; problems; research; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10457.pdf
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        item: #262 of 5668
          id: crl-10458
      author: Shera, Jesse H.
       title: Documentation (Book Review)
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 1396
      flesch: 40
     summary: Confronted by this chaotic state of British documentation, and urging a coordinated sys- tem of special libraries in science and tech- nology, Mr. Bradford reaches the climax of his argument in his proposals for a plan for complete scientific documentation throughout the scholarly world. This program urges the development of an international network of existing agencies concerned with indexing and abstracting of scientific literature, each agency operating in its own clearly defined area and transferring to the others all materials rele- vant to their particular fields.
    keywords: documentation; literature
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10458.pdf
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        item: #263 of 5668
          id: crl-10459
      author: Maizell, Robert E.
       title: Guide to the Literature of Mathematics and Physics, Including Related Works in Engineering Science (Book Review)
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 1403
      flesch: 51
     summary: This program urges the development of an international network of existing agencies concerned with indexing and abstracting of scientific literature, each agency operating in its own clearly defined area and transferring to the others all materials rele- vant to their particular fields. Though it would rely solely upon voluntary cooperation for the control of its constituent parts, the failure of any one of which might seriously endanger the success of the whole, the author believes that the results of such effort would bring to the bibliographic organization of scientific literature a thoroughness of coverage and a directed effort that are now conspic- uously lacking.
    keywords: engineering; literature
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10459.pdf
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        item: #264 of 5668
          id: crl-10460
      author: Skarshaug, Emory C.
       title: Sources of Engineering Information (Book Review)
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 1417
      flesch: 58
     summary: p. 177-179; no. 1336, p. 195-197, 194; and discussion, no. 1339, p. 245, 244. At times titles are inconsistently repeated under different subjects.
    keywords: bibliography; literature
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10460.pdf
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        item: #265 of 5668
          id: crl-10461
      author: Frick, Bertha M.
       title: The Vatican Library: Rules for the Catalog of Printed Books (Book Review)
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 2311
      flesch: 63
     summary: College and Research Libraries The Va!ican Cataloging Rules The Vatican Library: Rules for the Catalog of Printed Books. Eighteen years have gone by since the first edition of the Vatican Library's N orme reached these shores and received an enthu- siastic welcome: Perhaps the best of modern cataloging codes (W. W. Bishop) ; The world's best code of rules (C. J. Farrell) ; When this code is translated into English it will no doubt be very much used in American libraries (H. D. MacPherson) were among the printed encomiums.
    keywords: library; rules; vatican
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10461.pdf
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        item: #266 of 5668
          id: crl-10462
      author: Vail, R. W. G.
       title: Bibliography of Place Name Literature, United States, Canada, Alaska, and Newfoundland (Book Review)
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 1435
      flesch: 60
     summary: By the ad- dition of a detailed 68-page name and subject index, the compilers have not only given us the individual authors and place names but a most interesting group of subject entries which is so suggestive of further study that we have yielded to the temptation of copying some of them : Animals, artificial names, battlefields, bayous, Bible · names, birds, border towns, camps , cantons, capes, Celtic names, Chinese, classical and corrupted names, dams, desert, Dutch, English, Eskimo and European names, explorers, forts, freak and French names, fur- naces, German names, ghost towns, gold camps, historical, Icelandic and Indian names, the latter subdivided by tribe, islands, Italian and Japanese names, lakes, literary names, military posts, mills, mines, mining towns, missions, mountains, nicknames, Norse names, parks, patriotic and personal names, plains, plantations, plants, post offices, religious names, rivers, Russian names, saints, Span- ish names, states (nicknames), statesmen, streets, Swedish names, synthetic names, topographic features, underworld names and water holes. Since there is no adequate dictionary of place names in the United States and Canada, it is necessary to se.arch the separately published gazetteers, manuals and articles, over 2000 of which are assembled here for the first time.
    keywords: headings; names; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10462.pdf
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        item: #267 of 5668
          id: crl-10463
      author: Toomey, Alice F.
       title: Author Headings for the Official Publications of the State of Louisiana (Book Review)
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 2243
      flesch: 65
     summary: By the ad- dition of a detailed 68-page name and subject index, the compilers have not only given us the individual authors and place names but a most interesting group of subject entries which is so suggestive of further study that we have yielded to the temptation of copying some of them : Animals, artificial names, battlefields, bayous, Bible · names, birds, border towns, camps , cantons, capes, Celtic names, Chinese, classical and corrupted names, dams, desert, Dutch, English, Eskimo and European names, explorers, forts, freak and French names, fur- naces, German names, ghost towns, gold camps, historical, Icelandic and Indian names, the latter subdivided by tribe, islands, Italian and Japanese names, lakes, literary names, military posts, mills, mines, mining towns, missions, mountains, nicknames, Norse names, parks, patriotic and personal names, plains, plantations, plants, post offices, religious names, rivers, Russian names, saints, Span- ish names, states (nicknames), statesmen, streets, Swedish names, synthetic names, topographic features, underworld names and water holes. Miss Foote's policy regarding change of names seems to be the use of the latest form.
    keywords: louisiana; names; state
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10463.pdf
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        item: #268 of 5668
          id: crl-10464
      author: Rush, N. Orwin
       title: Notes to A.C.R.L. Board Members and Officers
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 1287
      flesch: 65
     summary: The A.L.A. Editorial Committee has decided that this should not be a book about statistics ~ut a compendium of applications of statistical methods to library situations and library data. The type of library work recently completed and now underway is proof of the outstanding recognition now enJoyed by VMP.
    keywords: book; college; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10464.pdf
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        item: #269 of 5668
          id: crl-10465
      author: Miller, Robert A.
       title: Introduction
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 478
      flesch: 55
     summary: The first of these was to acquaint librarians with the thinking and experience of three men who knew a great deal about rare books and the problems of caring for them in university libraries. For it is true that most university libraries now recognize the tremendous importance of rare books not only for purposes of scholarship but also for their other values and this recognition has led our libraries to provide proper personnel (e.g. Wyllie and Alden) and sound, bibliographical protection for rare books.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10465.pdf
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        item: #270 of 5668
          id: crl-10466
      author: Wyllie, John Cook
       title: The Need
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 2459
      flesch: 65
     summary: Let me, for example, name you some of the best known curators of rare books in this country: Clarence Brigham of the American Antiquarian So- ciety, Zoltan Haraszti of the Boston Public, Bob Brown of the Clements, Curt Buhler of the Morgan, Gertrude Woodward of the Newberry, Giles Dawson of the Folger, Herman Mead of Huntington, Goff of the Library of Congress, Jackson of Harvard, and Emily Hall of Yale. It has been · ten years since the subject of rare books has appeared on an A.L.A. program, and then only because a joint session of the Bibliographical Society of America was being held.
    keywords: book; rare; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10466.pdf
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        item: #271 of 5668
          id: crl-10467
      author: Powell, Lawrence Clark
       title: Policy and Administration
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 2743
      flesch: 63
     summary: A library seeking to inaugurate or to improve a method for handling rare books will do well to look widely around the country, and then to put these observations together into an approximation of the ideal: Rare books deserve no less. From emphasis on regional cooperation I shall proceed to an even larger con- cept and call for a national program of cooperation between rare book libraries.
    keywords: book; library; rare; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10467.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10467.txt

        item: #272 of 5668
          id: crl-10468
      author: Alden, John
       title: Organization and Service
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 4000
      flesch: 56
     summary: Would it not be better for all concerned if it were not necessary to have rare book collections at all? Such lectures, such talks, do much to break down the illusions regarding rare book collections which, in the long run, do them much harm, although the appeal of exclusiveness does on many an occasion pay dividends, particularly in terms of the wealthy book-collector.
    keywords: book; collection; rare; rare book
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10468.pdf
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        item: #273 of 5668
          id: crl-10470
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Graduate Studies in College and Research Librarianship; Supply of Library of Congress Catalog Cards to Research Centers; General Description of UNESCO'S Project for Reproduction of Out-of-Print Periodicals; A Brief of the Minutes of the Meetings of the Board of Directors of A.C.R.L., chicago; Brief of Minutes Association of Research Libraries Jan. 20, 1949, Chicago; Personnel; News from the Field
        date: 1949-06-30
       words: 13217
      flesch: 58
     summary: The Bradley University Li- brary building and the new Washington State College Library building are likely to be pace- setters for the college library buildings of the future. Duke University Library has obtained a complete collectio~ of Ralph Waldo Emer- JULY~ 1949~ PART
    keywords: 1949; books; cards; college; college library; committee; congress; librarian; libraries; library; new; public; research; university; university library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10470.pdf
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        item: #274 of 5668
          id: crl-10471
      author: Marinelli, Anne V.
       title: Librarianship from an International Point of View
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 3365
      flesch: 54
     summary: Listed suggestions have been com- piled for the use of library schools, giving specific recommendations as to how their curricula may provide concrete contribu- tions to foreign library service training. A con- siderable number had spent several years in foreign libraries, some had studied or resided abroad, and others had either traveled ex- tensively or had command of little known languages.
    keywords: american; foreign; librarian; library; service; state
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10471.pdf
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        item: #275 of 5668
          id: crl-10472
      author: Wessells, Helen E.
       title: Around the World with United States Libraries
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 3582
      flesch: 50
     summary: The con- gressmen and senators who have seen the libraries in action in Europe, the Near East, Latin America, Australia and other parts OCTOBER~ 1949 of the world, have expressed approval of a service which is to the credit of the U.S. Although U.S. library collections are limited to A~erican books, music, films and materials portraying the American scene, their services are available to all the people of the host country to make use of them in any way in which the know-how of the U.S. may be applied. Basic Pattern Wherever U.S. libraries are .
    keywords: american; books; libraries; library; u.s
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10472.pdf
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        item: #276 of 5668
          id: crl-10473
      author: Campbell, H. C.
       title: The Role of the United Nations and Specialized Agencies in Bibliographical Development
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 1611
      flesch: 46
     summary: T HE PROBLEM of an active international program of development for research libraries and bibliographical services has been given considerable attention over the last half-century. What does this mean for the professional workers in research library and biblio- graphic work?
    keywords: bibliographical; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10473.pdf
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        item: #277 of 5668
          id: crl-10474
      author: Lederer, Max
       title: A Stroll Through English Libraries
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 1887
      flesch: 68
     summary: W HEN VISITING English libraries, one looks back to six centuries of devoted service to the reader. This little stroll through libraries in England concludes with a glance at a small but important collection: the American Li- brary on Grosvenor Square, next door to and connected with the American Embassy, numbering only about ro,ooo volu~es, has developed into an indispensable reference library on American questions-as its direc- tor, Sargent Child, formerly of the Library of Congress, points out.
    keywords: bodleian; library; old
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10474.pdf
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        item: #278 of 5668
          id: crl-10476
      author: Rod, Donald O.
       title: Research Libraries of Scandinavia
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 4305
      flesch: 58
     summary: This article will include none of the ma- terials or findings relating directly to the thesis itself, but will merely record some rather general impressions and observations of Scandinavian libraries and librarianship. The following is 338 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES given, not to embarrass Dr. Ottervik, but to describe one who typifies the best among Scandinavian research library personnel.
    keywords: building; collection; libraries; library; research; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10476.pdf
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        item: #279 of 5668
          id: crl-10477
      author: McAnally, Arthur M.
       title: Reorganizing a South American University Library
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 4811
      flesch: 52
     summary: International Problems No statement of library problems is com- plete without mentioning certain national and international aspects of library work that cannot be understood fully here in this country or that are not so important here. The various patios were used some as study places, although library books could not be taken there; the only other reading space was the general assembly hall of the univer- sity adjacent to the library and seating about 250 people.
    keywords: american; book; libraries; library; national; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10477.pdf
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        item: #280 of 5668
          id: crl-10479
      author: Daniels, Marietta
       title: Research Libraries in Latin America
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 3330
      flesch: 46
     summary: Among those who come immediately to mind are: Anita Ker J ohinson and Anne Gard who assisted in the National Library of Venezuela; lone Kidder Maxwell, also of the National Li- brary of Venezuela and the Escuela de An- tropologia in Mexico (and translator of the L. C. List of subject headings into Spanish); Dorothy Reeder of the National Library in Colombia; R. H. Gjelsness, Sarita Robinson, Janeiro Brooks and Mrs. Clara N. de Villa, professors of library science in Colombia; Raymond Kilgour, Margaret Bates, Josephine Fabilli and Elizabeth Sherier, professors of library sci- ence in Peru; Dorcas W. Reid (now Mrs. John M. Connor) teacher of library science in Ecuador, together with the author who• also was engaged in library work in Panama and Cuba; Gaston LittOI} and Virginia Hallam at the University of Panama: Har- vie Branscomb, Gaston Litton and William Jackson who surveyed and advised the N a- tional Library of Brazil , and Kathleen Clif- ford who continued their work; Francis B. Thorne, who taught in northern Brazil; Rodolfo Rivera, who surveyed libraries in Puerto Rico; Arthur Ma~Anally who ad- vised the University of San M~rcos in Peru; Leslie Dunlap who was loaned briefly to the University of Mexico; Ed- ward Heiliger who served as consultant and professor in the University of Chile; Arthur Gropp who taught library science in U ru- guay and his wife Dorothy who pioneered the library field in Brazil; and Ralph Shaw, who recently surveyed scientific libraries in Central America and Mexico. It has a highly selected collection of refer- ence tools and works in _library science.
    keywords: latin; libraries; library; national; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10479.pdf
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        item: #281 of 5668
          id: crl-10480
      author: Vanderheyden, J. F.
       title: Contemporary Building Planning as It Appears to a European Librarian
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 7665
      flesch: 63
     summary: Yale failed to do so, although it broke away from the common university library pattern and set an example followed by some smaller col- leges which erected library buildings in the latter thirties. This idea in library buildings is not com- pletely new.
    keywords: building; college; library; new; reading; reading room; room; university; university library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10480.pdf
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        item: #282 of 5668
          id: crl-10481
      author: Von Scheliha, Renata
       title: Research Libraries in Germany
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 1730
      flesch: 64
     summary: Nobody knows whether or not the German libraries will ever be as rich in book collections as they were before 1933. Since the very beginning of the war, books had been evacuated to places which seemed bomb-proof: salt and potash mines and forest lodges.
    keywords: books; libraries; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10481.pdf
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        item: #283 of 5668
          id: crl-10482
      author: Downs, Robert B.
       title: Japan's New National Library
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 4785
      flesch: 54
     summary: When- ever possible, therefore, it was suggested that the National Diet Library adopt pro- cedures already known to Japanese libraries -revising .and expanding these methods if necessary or desirable. The only classification that has won anything like general acceptance is the Nippon Decimal Classification, first published 20 years ago, now in its fifth edition, and used by per- haps ro per cent of Japanese libraries.
    keywords: books; diet; japanese; libraries; library; national
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10482.pdf
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        item: #284 of 5668
          id: crl-10483
      author: Frick, Bertha M.
       title: A Traveler's-Eye View of Libraries in the Near East
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 4302
      flesch: 69
     summary: As in European collections the proportion of manuscripts to printed books is surpris- ing to one used to American libraries. Throughout the Moslem world there are numerous theological colleges, attached to mosques, with book collections for their specialized field.
    keywords: american; books; librarian; libraries; library; room
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10483.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10483.txt

        item: #285 of 5668
          id: crl-10484
      author: Radford, Wilma
       title: Catalogs, Codes and Bibliographical Control
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 4588
      flesch: 67
     summary: The National Library supplies the firm with copy for catalog entries which are available on standard cards simultaneously with pub- lication. As indicated above, the bibliography may be compiled largely from catalog entries, in which case its preliminary card form will be dictated.
    keywords: cards; catalogs; entries; entry; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10484.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10484.txt

        item: #286 of 5668
          id: crl-10486
      author: Murra, Katherine Oliver
       title: UNESCO-Library of Congress Bibliographical Survey: First Interim Report of the Library of Congress Bibliographical Planning Group, June 1949
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 6761
      flesch: 53
     summary: Until a system for national bibliographical control which will provide both a listing of hold- ings and of works produced in a given coun- try on a current basis together with a yet- to-be-determined minimum of subject in- dexing by every nation, large _or small, at whatever stage of development, is devised, accepted and instituted, the major research libraries of the world will have to continue to provide as much bibliographical service as they possibly can to the entire world. The Library of Congress Bibliographical Planning Group has been asked to pay spe- cial attention to regional needs for improved bibliographical services, and to the improve- ment of bibliographical services in those sub- ject areas in which adequate services are lacking at present.
    keywords: bibliographical; bibliography; congress; group; library; listing; national; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10486.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10486.txt

        item: #287 of 5668
          id: crl-10487
      author: Wilcox, Jerome K.
       title: Results of a Survey of Libraries on Publication Plans for 17th Decennial Census
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 2838
      flesch: 69
     summary: Others recommended the publication of a list of final reports; publication at intervals of lists of supe~seded and final reports; or in- forming libraries when preliminary reports become final, etc. Use of different color paper to di s tinguish preliminary from final reports .
    keywords: census; libraries; reports
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10487.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10487.txt

        item: #288 of 5668
          id: crl-10488
      author: Wilson, Eugene H.
       title: Use of Classification and Pay Plans in Junior College Libraries
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 3705
      flesch: 52
     summary: The third factor is the size of staffs in junior college libraries. Keeping in mind this rather extensive background which I have sketched for you let us now consider the question of the use which can be made of classification and pay plans in junior college libraries, assum- · ing agreement upon the principle that a classification and pay plan is desirable for every library, regardless of the size of its staff.
    keywords: classification; junior; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10488.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10488.txt

        item: #289 of 5668
          id: crl-10489
      author: David, Charles W.
       title: Remarks upon Interlibrary Loans Mid-20th Century Style
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 3054
      flesch: 63
     summary: They are more important than ordinary library loans be- cause they supply a needed resource not , otherwise available, or at least not other- wise available without still greater diffi- culty and expense. By making it easy 'to locate books in neigh- boring libraries a union catalog undoubted- ly facilitates interlibrary loans.
    keywords: interlibrary; library; loans
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10489.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10489.txt

        item: #290 of 5668
          id: crl-10490
      author: Hirsch, Felix E.
       title: Interlibrary Loands from the College Viewpoint
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 4440
      flesch: 63
     summary: Are college libraries doing their full share to facilitate the exchange of . I say college libraries, since it is evident that most university and research libraries have contribut-ed nobly to the cause of inter- library cooperation.
    keywords: books; college; interlibrary; librarian; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10490.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10490.txt

        item: #291 of 5668
          id: crl-10492
      author: Erickson, E. W.
       title: Library Instruction in the Freshman Orientation Program
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 2404
      flesch: 59
     summary: Not the least of these innovations is that of library instruction for freshmen . Per- haps innovation is the wrong word, for there has always been library instruction of some kind on an individual basis.
    keywords: instruction; library; orientation
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10492.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10492.txt

        item: #292 of 5668
          id: crl-10493
      author: Meyer, Margaret R.
       title: Local History Materials in One College Library
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 1649
      flesch: 56
     summary: Rus- sell Sage College Library now houses, among other valuable possessions, files be- longing to a lumber company which oper- ated between 1888 and 1927; ·a manuscript history of the second oldest drug house in the country, established in I 787; and three cartons contain the papers of a firm nation- ally famous for its furnaces, stoves and heaters. At Russell Sage College Library, Troy, N.Y., varied factors have contributed to the possession of a small, not infrequently used collection of books, newspapers, manuscripts, scrapbooks and other items pertaining to the history of Troy and its outlying districts.
    keywords: college; history; library; troy
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10493.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10493.txt

        item: #293 of 5668
          id: crl-10495
      author: Rhodes, Isabella K.
       title: A.L.A. Cataloging Rules for Author and Titles Entries (Book Review)
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 2197
      flesch: 62
     summary: Reference to the text has been made easy by putting rule numbers at top corners and page numbers at the foot of pages. Cat! oging Rules is a welcome successor to the pre- liminary American second edition of I94I. It is improved in arrangement and organiza- tion of material.
    keywords: cataloging; entry; library; rules
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10495.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10495.txt

        item: #294 of 5668
          id: crl-10496
      author: Baughman, Roland
       title: Papers of the Bibliographical Society, University of Virginia (Book Review)
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 1413
      flesch: 49
     summary: Another, by Guy A. Battle, graduate student at Duke University, deals with the study of progressive changes in box lines as a means of determining the order of printing of the various forms in certain early books. College and Research Libraries elaborate cataloging, and a manual for refer- ence for catalogers confronted occasionally with difficult cases.-Isabella K. Rhodes, Columbia University.
    keywords: bibliographical; catholic; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10496.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10496.txt

        item: #295 of 5668
          id: crl-10497
      author: Kozumplik, William A.
       title: Books for catholic Colleges: a Supplement to Shaw's "List of Books for College Libraries" (Book Review)
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 713
      flesch: 52
     summary: As a core collection of works for the Catholic point of view, it would not supplant but should sup- plement the Shaw list which has come to be the basis of the accrediting associations' quali- tative evaluation of library materials. Another, by Guy A. Battle, graduate student at Duke University, deals with the study of progressive changes in box lines as a means of determining the order of printing of the various forms in certain early books.
    keywords: catholic; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10497.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10497.txt

        item: #296 of 5668
          id: crl-10498
      author: Fussler, Herman H.
       title: Selected Papers of Robert C. Binkley (Book Review)
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 1481
      flesch: 61
     summary: Binkley and Scholarsh1 p S elected Papers of Rob ert C. Binkley. Micro-copying and near-print will force us to think anew the whole procedure of library work, from selection of acquisitions to lending.
    keywords: binkley; catholic
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10498.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10498.txt

        item: #297 of 5668
          id: crl-10499
      author: Reece, Ernest J.
       title: Planning the University Library Building, a Summary of Discussions by Librarians, Architects and Engineers (Book Review)
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 2266
      flesch: 59
     summary: Esp.ecially as library buildings approach their limits of size and manageability such matters grow mo r e and more pressing, and appear with greater persistence upon the door- steps of librarians. After treating broadly various considerations which bear upon the relation of an architect, it stresses skill, imagination, cooperativeness and in- tegrity as the all-important qualifications in an individual or firm , thus rating them above experience and expertness in the construction of library buildings.
    keywords: book; building; librarians; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10499.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10499.txt

        item: #298 of 5668
          id: crl-10500
      author: Lehmann-Haupt, Hellmut
       title: The Books of the Ancients (Book Reviews)
        date: 1949-10-01
       words: 2284
      flesch: 60
     summary: He has divided his material into a few well-organized chapters on the dis- coveries of ancient books, physical character- istics, the book trades of Greece and Rome, bookshops in both these cultures, and a chap- ter on ancient libraries-both private and public. It seems to me doubtful whether anyone could build up a coherent, reasonably complete pic- ture of the world of ancient books without consulting the studies of Birt, Sir E. M. Thompson, Sir Frederic G. Kenyon, Schubart, Wattenbach and the many other authorities in the field, and I am sure Mr. Pinner knows their work.
    keywords: book; library; picture; roll
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10500.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10500.txt

        item: #299 of 5668
          id: crl-10504
      author: Kraus, Joe W.
       title: The Qualifications of University Librarians, 1948 and 1933
        date: 1950-01-01
       words: 3130
      flesch: 53
     summary: Forty-five of the 90 positions in which these librarians had served prior to their appointments as chief librarians were in university libraries; 39 of the positions involved the supervision of one or more departments. Only four of the 29 chief librarians of 1933 secured all of their experience in university libraries.
    keywords: library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10504.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10504.txt

        item: #300 of 5668
          id: crl-10505
      author: Pope, Mary Frances; Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: Travel Funds for University Library Staffs
        date: 1950-01-01
       words: 3884
      flesch: 65
     summary: One deviated from the consensus in that he thought library travel expenses should be taken from the university travel budget. Fo r whom are travel funds available?
    keywords: travel
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10505.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10505.txt

        item: #301 of 5668
          id: crl-10508
      author: Blanchard, J. R.
       title: Agricultural Research and the Exchange Problem
        date: 1950-01-01
       words: 7550
      flesch: 84
     summary: i o n primarily i n t e r e s t e d in a g r T h e r e are three aspects of the exchange problem—the exchange of duplicates, do- mestic exchange and foreign exchange.
    keywords: e r; h e; t e; t h; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10508.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10508.txt

        item: #302 of 5668
          id: crl-10509
      author: Colburn, Edwin B.
       title: The Value to the Modern Library of a Technical Services Department
        date: 1950-01-01
       words: 12427
      flesch: 107
     summary: p e r - m i t a n d t h e i n t e r e s t s of t h e d e Personnel T h e h e a d of t h e t e c h
    keywords: e e; e r; h e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10509.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10509.txt

        item: #303 of 5668
          id: crl-10511
      author: Hamlin, Arthur T.
       title: Service Report from Pennsylvania
        date: 1950-01-01
       words: 13702
      flesch: 111
     summary: i o n m a y be of i n t e r e s t t o o p e r i e n c e : ( a ) F e w s t u d e n t s a r e v i t a l l y i n t e r e s t e d in t h
    keywords: e e; r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10511.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10511.txt

        item: #304 of 5668
          id: crl-10512
      author: Lyle, Guy R.
       title: Counting Library Holdings
        date: 1950-01-01
       words: 8810
      flesch: 111
     summary: i b r a r y , t h e c o m m i t t e e r e c o m - m e n e l f a m e m b e r of t h e c o m m i t t e e , m y r e m a r k s c a n h a r d l y be ex-
    keywords: e e; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10512.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10512.txt

        item: #305 of 5668
          id: crl-10516
      author: Hausdorfer, Walter
       title: Sources of Business (Book Review)
        date: 1950-01-01
       words: 5601
      flesch: 111
     summary: i c u l a r i n t e r e s t s of its c l i e n t e l e . T h e r e is, h o w e v e r , a c o r e of u s e f u
    keywords: t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10516.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10516.txt

        item: #306 of 5668
          id: crl-10518
      author: David, Charles W.; Hirsch, Rudolf
       title: Importations of Foreign Monographs Under the Early Influence of The Farmington Plan
        date: 1950-04-01
       words: 12870
      flesch: 113
     summary: i t l e s m a y b e of s o m e i n t e r e s t . i n b e l l e s - l e t t r e s , h i s t o r y , n a t u - r a l s c i e n c e s , p h
    keywords: e e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10518.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10518.txt

        item: #307 of 5668
          id: crl-10519
      author: Strout, Donald E.
       title: The Universtity Library and International Understanding
        date: 1950-04-01
       words: 10238
      flesch: 108
     summary: d i n t e r p r e t a t e s , i n t e r e s
    keywords: e e; e r; h e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10519.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10519.txt

        item: #308 of 5668
          id: crl-10520
      author: Farnsworth, Dana L.
       title: Psychiatry and Library
        date: 1950-04-01
       words: 10826
      flesch: 110
     summary: o d e p a r t s f r o m t h e t r e a t m g i n g f r o m t h e i n t e r e s t in r e c e n t y e a r s in b o
    keywords: r e; t e; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10520.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10520.txt

        item: #309 of 5668
          id: crl-10521
      author: Esterquest, Ralph T.
       title: Cooperation and the Physical Book
        date: 1950-04-01
       words: 11505
      flesch: 111
     summary: o i n t o t h e m h e r e , e x c e p t t o m e n t l s i n t h e r e
    keywords: e e; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10521.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10521.txt

        item: #310 of 5668
          id: crl-10522
      author: Lansberg, William R.
       title: Current Trends in the College Reserve Room
        date: 1950-04-01
       words: 14785
      flesch: 112
     summary: n g books or else ( 2 ) obtain them on a s e m e s t e r r e n t a l basis, p r e f e r a b l y t h r o u g h the U e n if it w e r e t r u e t h a t
    keywords: e e; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10522.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10522.txt

        item: #311 of 5668
          id: crl-10524
      author: Brown, Edna M.
       title: New Periodicals of 1949--Part II
        date: 1950-04-01
       words: 9152
      flesch: 112
     summary: a m o r e t e c h i n t e r e s t t o a n t
    keywords: e r; e s; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10524.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10524.txt

        item: #312 of 5668
          id: crl-10529
      author: Merritt, LeRoy Charles
       title: Communications Research, 1948-49 (Book Review)
        date: 1950-04-01
       words: 12017
      flesch: 111
     summary: i n t e r e s t i n g a n d signifi- c a n t t o t h N e e d l e s s to say, t h e r e is a g r e
    keywords: h e; r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10529.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10529.txt

        item: #313 of 5668
          id: crl-10531
      author: Lehmann-Haupt, Hellmut
       title: The History of Photography from 1839 to the Present Day (Book Review)
        date: 1950-04-01
       words: 8220
      flesch: 111
     summary: if you w e r e t o ask t h a t s a m e g r o u p a q u e s t i o n a b o u t the a u t h T h e r e is a big g a p b e t w e e n s o m e - body's k n o
    keywords: h e; r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10531.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10531.txt

        item: #314 of 5668
          id: crl-10534
      author: Hazen, Allen T.
       title: Philosophy of Literature (Book Review)
        date: 1950-04-01
       words: 5343
      flesch: 109
     summary: and u n t e n a b l e i n t e r p r e t a t e i n t e r e s t of economy.
    keywords: r e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10534.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10534.txt

        item: #315 of 5668
          id: crl-10537
      author: Clapp, Verner W.
       title: Indexing and Abstracting: Recent Past and Lines of Future Development
        date: 1950-06-30
       words: 28593
      flesch: 113
     summary: C o w l e s ' r e - p o r t f o r t h e j o i n t c o m m i t t e e , t h o u e r v i c e s C o m m i t t e e , o n e of w h
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10537.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10537.txt

        item: #316 of 5668
          id: crl-10538
      author: Bonn, George S.
       title: Relative Usefulness of Indexing and Abstracting Services
        date: 1950-06-30
       words: 8757
      flesch: 113
     summary: i e l d s of m o s t i n t e r e s t t o t h i n t e r e s t a n d u s e i n t h e s e p a r t i c u l
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10538.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10538.txt

        item: #317 of 5668
          id: crl-10539
      author: Rogers, Rutherford D.
       title: Subject Bibliography Versus Subject Catalog and Periodical Index
        date: 1950-06-30
       words: 11471
      flesch: 113
     summary: a n d less on t h e s h e e r t e n a c w e v e r , t h e r e is o n e r e s e r v a t
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10539.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10539.txt

        item: #318 of 5668
          id: crl-10540
      author: Simonton, Wesley
       title: Duplication of Subject Entries in the Catalog of a University Library and Bibliographies in English Literature
        date: 1950-06-30
       words: 19592
      flesch: 113
     summary: i n t e r e s t e d in a n e x h a u s t i v e s t u n o w l e d g e o r h e is i n t e r e s
    keywords: e e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10540.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10540.txt

        item: #319 of 5668
          id: crl-10541
      author: Bristol, Roger Pattrell
       title: Control of Subject Information: Can It Be Mechanized?
        date: 1950-06-30
       words: 16002
      flesch: 113
     summary: o u s e n t e r p r i s e s w h e r e t e t h e r e is n o
    keywords: e e; r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10541.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10541.txt

        item: #320 of 5668
          id: crl-10543
      author: Metcalf, Keyes D.
       title: A Proposal for a Northeastern Regional Library
        date: 1950-06-30
       words: 20261
      flesch: 114
     summary: i n t e r e s t i n g , a n d p r o i c u l a r l y i n t e r e s t e d t h a t ,
    keywords: t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10543.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10543.txt

        item: #321 of 5668
          id: crl-10544
      author: Gelfand, Morris A.
       title: Library Cooperation in Metropolitan New York: Report of Work in Progress
        date: 1950-06-30
       words: 13390
      flesch: 113
     summary: o m m i t t e e is d e a l i n i s c o m m i t t e e :
    keywords: e e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10544.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10544.txt

        item: #322 of 5668
          id: crl-10545
      author: Born, Lester K.
       title: Microfilming Abroad
        date: 1950-06-30
       words: 26390
      flesch: 113
     summary: i n t o t h e t e c h k s i n t h e g e n e r a l i n t e r e s t o
    keywords: e e; r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10545.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10545.txt

        item: #323 of 5668
          id: crl-10546
      author: Muller, Robert H.
       title: Library Building Construction Among Colleges and Universities, 1950
        date: 1950-06-30
       words: 5121
      flesch: 111
     summary: i t e c t u r a l s t y l e , a n d t h e d e g r e e of l w i l l n o t be t r a n s - f e r r e d t o t h e n e
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10546.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10546.txt

        item: #324 of 5668
          id: crl-10552
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: A Brief of the Minutes of the Meetings of the Board of Directors, A.C.R.L., Chicago; Plans Completed for the Midwest Inter-Library Center Building; Brief of Minutes, Association of Research Libraries, Jan. 26, 1950, Chicago
        date: 1950-06-30
       words: 10934
      flesch: 92
     summary: i g h t b e t t e r be r e s t r i c e i n g a s s e r t e
    keywords: e e; e r; r o; r t; t e; t o; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10552.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10552.txt

        item: #325 of 5668
          id: crl-10554
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: Investigations and Research Projects in the Field of College Libraries
        date: 1950-10-01
       words: 15247
      flesch: 103
     summary: i b r a r y , 1929-1940; A Comparative I n t e r p r e t a t i o n of F i n a n c i a l Statistics of Sixty-Eight Representative and T w e n t y Anal- ysis of College Student Book Loans in Relation to Intelligence Ratings and Reading I n t e r e s t s : A S t u d y at Plymouth Teachers College.
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; e s; r t; s t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10554.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10554.txt

        item: #326 of 5668
          id: crl-10555
      author: Cole, Dorothy Ethlyn
       title: Areas for Research and Investigation in the College Library Field
        date: 1950-10-01
       words: 12548
      flesch: 113
     summary: a t d e p t h of i n t e r e s t in t h x p r e s s e d g r e a t e s t i n t e r e s t a r e : g e n e r a l a d
    keywords: r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10555.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10555.txt

        item: #327 of 5668
          id: crl-10556
      author: Rush, N. Orwin
       title: Documents Reflecting Current Practices in Library Administration
        date: 1950-10-01
       words: 13239
      flesch: 113
     summary: q u i t e r e c e n t s t a f f m a n u a l s h a v e b e e n s e n t , a n d p e r h a p s i t m i g h t b e of i n t e r e s t t o m e n t
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10556.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10556.txt

        item: #328 of 5668
          id: crl-10557
      author: Carstensen, Vernon; Mood, Fulmer
       title: University Records and Their Relation to General University Administration
        date: 1950-10-01
       words: 28228
      flesch: 113
     summary: I n o t h e r s , h o w e v e r , t h e n o n c u r r e n t r e c o r d s h a v e b e e n T h e r e w e r e r e c o r d s o n t o p of a c o a s t r a n g e p e a k , M o u n t H
    keywords: r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10557.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10557.txt

        item: #329 of 5668
          id: crl-10559
      author: Redmond, D. A.
       title: Five Canadian College Libraries
        date: 1950-10-01
       words: 23362
      flesch: 114
     summary: E v e n t h e s e l e v e l s w e r e r e a c h e d o n e i r c o u r s e i n t e r e s t s .
    keywords: e e; e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10559.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10559.txt

        item: #330 of 5668
          id: crl-10560
      author: Brown, Edna M.
       title: New Periodicals of 1950--Part I.
        date: 1950-10-01
       words: 9207
      flesch: 111
     summary: a n n e d t o b e of i n t e r e s t t o m a n u f a c t u r e r s a s o n a l i n - t e r e s
    keywords: e r; e s; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10560.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10560.txt

        item: #331 of 5668
          id: crl-10562
      author: Haviland, Morrison C.
       title: The Reference Function of the Lamont Library
        date: 1950-10-01
       words: 10053
      flesch: 113
     summary: A s t u d e n t i n t e r e s t e d in fine a r t s , f o r e x - a m p l e , d i a t e i n t e r e s t r e s u l t i
    keywords: t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10562.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10562.txt

        item: #332 of 5668
          id: crl-10564
      author: Grieder, Elmer
       title: The Effect of Book Storage on Circulation Service
        date: 1950-10-01
       words: 5984
      flesch: 112
     summary: i n t e r e s t b e - c a u s e of t h e e e t e r m i n e
    keywords: e e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10564.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10564.txt

        item: #333 of 5668
          id: crl-10567
      author: Winifred, Johnson A.
       title: Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in the Library of Congress (Book Review)
        date: 1950-10-01
       words: 6500
      flesch: 113
     summary: t h e i n t e r p r e t a t e i n t e r p r e t a t
    keywords: t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10567.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10567.txt

        item: #334 of 5668
          id: crl-10569
      author: Egan, Margaret E.; Shera, Jesse H.
       title: Standards of Bibliographical Description (Book Review)
        date: 1950-10-01
       words: 9843
      flesch: 114
     summary: i n f u l l y w r u n g f r o m a s t u d y of t h e e r r o r s of s i x t e e n t h - c e n t u r y e d u c e s o m e i n t e r e s
    keywords: t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10569.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10569.txt

        item: #335 of 5668
          id: crl-10570
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Brief of the Minutes, A.C.R.L. Business Meeting; Brief of the Minutes of the Meetings of the A.C.R.L. Board of Directors; Personnel; News from the Field
        date: 1950-10-01
       words: 57041
      flesch: 114
     summary: w i t h s u c h c o n c r e t e r e c o m - m e n d a t e x p e c t e d t o s p u r t h e r e c r u i t m e n t of m e m b e r s by t h
    keywords: e e; e r; e s; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10570.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10570.txt

        item: #336 of 5668
          id: crl-10572
      author: Lundy, Frank A.
       title: Faculty Rank of Professional Librarians--Part I.
        date: 1951-01-01
       words: 11142
      flesch: 91
     summary: i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of the l i b r a r y goes on constantly at almost every point of contact between students a n d librarians in the central library and the several branches. i n t e r p r e t a t i o n t h a t is not casual or incidental, but so c a r e f u l l y planned and well directed
    keywords: e r; r t; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10572.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10572.txt

        item: #337 of 5668
          id: crl-10579
      author: Chamberlin, Waldo; Moor, Carol Carter
       title: The United Nations Documents Collection at the New York University
        date: 1951-01-01
       words: 10279
      flesch: 94
     summary: e t e r m i n e d u n t e n t , w i t h his limited i n t e r e s t or need, has l e f t t h e l i
    keywords: e r; h e; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10579.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10579.txt

        item: #338 of 5668
          id: crl-10591
      author: Lundy, Frank A.
       title: Faculty Rank of Professional Librarians--Part II
        date: 1951-04-01
       words: 9329
      flesch: 50
     summary: re- lating to faculty rank for library staff at the University of Illinois, theteby indicat- ing a sympathetic interest. T h e assignment of faculty rank, reported the librarian: . . .
    keywords: faculty; faculty rank; librarian; library; rank; staff; t h; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10591.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10591.txt

        item: #339 of 5668
          id: crl-10592
      author: McAnally, Arthur M.
       title: Recent Developments in Cooperation
        date: 1951-04-01
       words: 6512
      flesch: 53
     summary: THE FEW short years since the end of the war have witnessed a quickening of in- terest and activity in library cooperation, especially in the provision of information -for research purposes. An excellent view of the status of library cooperation up to the end of the war is given by three works.
    keywords: cooperation; libraries; library; research; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10592.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10592.txt

        item: #340 of 5668
          id: crl-10593
      author: Watson, Eugene P.
       title: Special Functions of the Teachers College Libraries
        date: 1951-04-01
       words: 2527
      flesch: 61
     summary: 4. N o group of undergraduate students needs to become more thoroughly familiar with the operation of a library and with its various services than do those who are preparing themselves to become teacher- librarians or who propose to enter a gradu- ate library school upon the completion of their undergraduate course. As a result of this situation, an increasing number of teachers colleges throughout the country are adding a fifth year.
    keywords: college; library; school; teachers
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10593.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10593.txt

        item: #341 of 5668
          id: crl-10594
      author: Burke, John Emmett
       title: Functional Problems of a Teachers College Library
        date: 1951-04-01
       words: 2293
      flesch: 68
     summary: The Future of Teachers College Libraries Naturally in studying the functional problems of teachers colleges libraries, a glance to the future is in order. In an appraisal of teachers college libraries in one state, this conclusion is drawn: Until administrators of the colleges, members of the state legislature and the citizens of Minnesota are aware of the importance of funds for these colleges and their libraries, 3 Good, Carter V .
    keywords: college; library; teachers
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10594.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10594.txt

        item: #342 of 5668
          id: crl-10595
      author: Brown, Edna M.
       title: New Periodicals of 1950--Part II
        date: 1951-04-01
       words: 2556
      flesch: 69
     summary: Also included are brief reviews of new books and announcements of exhibi- tions. Mr. Muller will then contact the member of his committee located in the region from which a sufficient number of requests have been received and ask him to make arrangements for a regional conference to discuss building plans of institutions planning new library buildings in that region.
    keywords: new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10595.pdf
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        item: #343 of 5668
          id: crl-10596
      author: Meyer, Jean E.
       title: Sociology Terminology: Especially as Represented in L.C. Subject Headings and in the Yale Catalog
        date: 1951-04-01
       words: 15851
      flesch: 100
     summary: i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s f o r its catalog, it is APRIL, 1951 15 7 s i i n t e r e s t
    keywords: e e; e n; e o; e s; h e; o n; r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10596.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10596.txt

        item: #344 of 5668
          id: crl-10598
      author: Wilcox, Jerome K.; Jackson, Isabel H.; Harden, Ruth; Cabeen, Violet A.; Roberts, A.D.
       title: Official Checklists and Indexes Versus Cataloging of Government Publications: A Symposium - Introductory Statement; United States Federal Publications; United States State Publications; Foreign Government Publications; United Nations and Its Specialised Agencies: Documents and Publications
        date: 1951-04-01
       words: 30725
      flesch: 111
     summary: e i n t e r e s t of a l e i n t e r e s t s of t h e U
    keywords: e e; e n; e s; h e; r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10598.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10598.txt

        item: #345 of 5668
          id: crl-10600
      author: Fleming, Thomas P.
       title: Old and New Scientific Works (Book Review)
        date: 1951-04-01
       words: 1458
      flesch: 65
     summary: Printed by the Anthoensen Press, published by Schu- man for the Honorary Consultants to the Army Medical Library, the volume is a fine example of book making. Here is a new reference tool for the his- torian of science, and for those interested in fifteenth century books.
    keywords: books; schoeffer
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10600.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10600.txt

        item: #346 of 5668
          id: crl-10602
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Notes from the A.C.R.L. Office; Brief of the Minutes, A.C.R.L. Business Meeting; Brief of the Minutes of the Meetings of the A.C.R.L. Board of Directors; College and University Library Statistics; Personnel; News from the Field
        date: 1951-04-01
       words: 77982
      flesch: 110
     summary: T h e s t a r t t h u s m a d e s h o u l d l e a d t o f u r t h e r r e s e a r c h in t h O t h e r r e c e
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; e s; h e; r t; s t; t e; t o; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10602.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10602.txt

        item: #347 of 5668
          id: crl-10604
      author: Field, Bernice; Hitchcock, Jennette E.
       title: Yale Meets Its Catalog
        date: 1951-06-30
       words: 25143
      flesch: 112
     summary: i n t t h e t r a v e I t is i n t e r e s
    keywords: e e; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10604.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10604.txt

        item: #348 of 5668
          id: crl-10607
      author: Lundy, Frank; Renfro, Kathryn R.
       title: Problems Confronting University Libraries
        date: 1951-06-30
       words: 6533
      flesch: 97
     summary: F o r t y - t w o of t h e c o r r e s p o i o n a n d c o m m e n t o n c u r r e n t r e s e a r c h p r o j e c t s i
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10607.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10607.txt

        item: #349 of 5668
          id: crl-10608
      author: Marvin, Patricia
       title: Circulation in the Divisional Library: The New Plan of Service
        date: 1951-06-30
       words: 6719
      flesch: 101
     summary: T h e r e are also immediate ramifications a m o n g e f o u r r e a d i
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10608.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10608.txt

        item: #350 of 5668
          id: crl-10609
      author: Von Frauendorfer, Sigmund
       title: International Unification of Cataloging?
        date: 1951-06-30
       words: 14646
      flesch: 106
     summary: i s example leads us to a f u r t h e r g r e a t difficulty in i n t e r n a t T h e r e is n
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; h e; n t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10609.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10609.txt

        item: #351 of 5668
          id: crl-10625
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: Lehrbuch der Sachkatalogisierung (Book Review)
        date: 1951-06-30
       words: 700
      flesch: 50
     summary: With a few exceptions, American re- search libraries began to assume significant proportions only in the latter part of the nine- teenth century; and before acquisition rates were stepped up to the present astronomical proportions, widely accepted cataloging codes, classification schemes and subject heading sys- tems had taken hold in America. T h e problem of subject cataloging is con- siderably more complicated in Europe than it is in America for the average research li- brary simply because of the age of the hold- ings and the nature of the cataloging tradi- tions.
    keywords: subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10625.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10625.txt

        item: #352 of 5668
          id: crl-10626
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Notes from the A.C.R.L. Office; Brief of Minutes, Association of Research Libraries, Feb. 1, 1951, Chicago; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1951-06-30
       words: 13758
      flesch: 70
     summary: I wish that notes of agenda and ac- complishments could be sent h e r e . Jefferson known to survive and the beginnings of Jefferson's correspondence with James Madison and James M o n r o e .
    keywords: e r; h e; l l; library; m r; o r; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10626.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10626.txt

        item: #353 of 5668
          id: crl-10627
      author: Evans, Luther H.
       title: The Librarians' Agenda of Unfinished Business
        date: 1951-10-01
       words: 7062
      flesch: 92
     summary: k n o w t h a t the abstracting of c u r r e T h e r e needs to be a systematic attack on achieving a better co- o r d i n a t i o n between o u r acquisitions policies, 312 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES our cataloging and bibliographical controls, and the needs of those w h o labor at our study desks and in o u r study rooms.
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10627.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10627.txt

        item: #354 of 5668
          id: crl-10630
      author: MacPherson, Harriet D.
       title: The Role of Biography as a Literary Form
        date: 1951-10-01
       words: 12341
      flesch: 94
     summary: H e r e , his groupings of heroes are at once logical and ingenious; the criticism is usually j u s t ; the p o r t r a i t s are brief b u t lifelike. i t e r a t u r e of personality—the t r u t h f u l p o r t r a y a l of the characters of real men and real w o m e n .
    keywords: e r; o r; r t; t e; t h; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10630.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10630.txt

        item: #355 of 5668
          id: crl-10636
      author: Bixler, Paul; Seely, Elizabeth C.; Iiams, Thomas M.
       title: Development of the Book Collection in the College Library: A Symposium - The Book Collection and Its Functions; The Cost of Books; Special Collections, Rare Books and Gifts
        date: 1951-10-01
       words: 8940
      flesch: 78
     summary: T h e e x c h a n g e a r r a n g e m e n t s of o u r l i b r a r i e s f o r books a n d p e r s o n i s h books for voluntary recreational read- ing by students and to promote their use.
    keywords: h e; r e; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10636.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10636.txt

        item: #356 of 5668
          id: crl-10646
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Pure and Applied Sciences Section, ACRL; Brief of the Minutes of the Meetings of the ACRL Board of Directors; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1951-10-01
       words: 11941
      flesch: 69
     summary: T h e chief of Readers' Services and chief of O r d e r and Processing were given the rank of professor; head of Reference, associate professor; heads of C a t a - loging, Circulation and O r d e r , assistant pro- fessor; branch librarian, assistant professor; senior librarian, assistant professor; junior librarian, instructor. O r d e r from T h e Li- brary Association, Chaucer House, M a l e t Place, London, W .
    keywords: e r; h e; library; r l; r t; t e; t h; u r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10646.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10646.txt

        item: #357 of 5668
          id: crl-10647
      author: Carlson, William H.
       title: Cooperation: An Historical Review and a Forecast
        date: 1952-01-01
       words: 5804
      flesch: 58
     summary: is in America, a land that was largely an un- trammeled wilderness when N aude was formulating his ideas on the organization of libraries, that this root principle has come to its fullest, if not complete, fruition. 3 A recent discerning foreign interpretation of the nature and need of cooperation among libraries comes from Mr. Kanamori of the National Diet Library of Japan.
    keywords: books; cooperation; libraries; library; ooo; volumes; year
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10647.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10647.txt

        item: #358 of 5668
          id: crl-10648
      author: Wright, Louis B.
       title: The Folger Library as a Research Institution
        date: 1952-01-01
       words: 2269
      flesch: 60
     summary: The list of research Fellows at work in the Folger Library during. The transformation of a collection of rare books into a working, research institu- tion is a more involved procedure than anyone except a trained librarian will read- ily comprehend.
    keywords: books; folger; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10648.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10648.txt

        item: #359 of 5668
          id: crl-10649
      author: Mixer, Charles W.
       title: Insurance Evaluation of a University Library's Collections
        date: 1952-01-01
       words: 4054
      flesch: 69
     summary: Insurance coverage on b.ooks away from the University The blanket insurance .policy and the Fine Arts policy described above provide insurance protection while the books are in the Libraries. Evaluation procedure About six weeks before the triennial re- appraisal of the insurance value of the Libraries' collections was to be completed, mimeographed forms were sent in duplicate to the Department Head in charge of each of the departmental libraries and to others who had books, manuscripts, records, or 20 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES card catalogs under their supervision which were currently insured or, if not, which should be insured.
    keywords: .00; insurance; university; value
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10649.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10649.txt

        item: #360 of 5668
          id: crl-10650
      author: Rogers, Rutherford D.
       title: Appraising a Research Collection
        date: 1952-01-01
       words: 3608
      flesch: 71
     summary: To present a new method of applying processing costs to total holdings in order to arrive at a practical per volume insurance value, 3· To present processing costs, particu- larly in regard to phonograph records, which may be of interest to other li- braries. To present per volume insurance values, by Library of Congress classes, for a research collection of approxi- mately one-half million volumes, • 2.
    keywords: books; column; insurance; library; table
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10650.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10650.txt

        item: #361 of 5668
          id: crl-10652
      author: Marshall, A. P.
       title: Professional Needs in Negro Colleges
        date: 1952-01-01
       words: 554
      flesch: 68
     summary: Selected to serve on the sub-committee were: Mrs. Leola M. Ross, Librarian, Winston-Salem Teachers College, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Paul M. Smith, Librarian, Dillard U niver- sity, New Orleans, Louisiana; Miss Frances V. Smith, Librarian, Texas College Li- brary, Tyler, Texas; Mrs. Mary M. Turner, Assistant Librarian, Lincoln U ni- versity, Jefferson City, Missouri. The Recruiting Committee of the A.C.R.L., at a meeting in February, I95 I, asked to have a survey made of the existing and future needs of Negro colleges and uni- versities for professional librarians.
    keywords: positions
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10652.pdf
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        item: #362 of 5668
          id: crl-10653
      author: Cressaty, Margaret
       title: Integration of Chinese Publications
        date: 1952-01-01
       words: 1754
      flesch: 68
     summary: Since Chinese characters have under- gone many changes from the time they were inscribed on bones, a knowledge of .present- day Chinese characters would not be suf- ficient. It would then seem that for the smaller, departmental, or more specialized library it would be better to classify and catalog the Chinese publications in accordance with the accepted procedure for other books.
    keywords: chinese; library
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        item: #363 of 5668
          id: crl-10655
      author: Swank, R. C.
       title: Four Studies of University Library Problems
        date: 1952-01-01
       words: 2322
      flesch: 51
     summary: This new literature is largely separate because of mode of origin and security re- strictions, and much of it has not yet been absorbed into university libraries. The committee hopes to obtain information on any organized programs which may be in existence in university libraries.
    keywords: library; nations; university
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        item: #364 of 5668
          id: crl-10656
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Brief of Minutes, Association of Research Libraries, July 6--7, 1951, Chicago; Report of the Committee on the Use of Manuscripts by Visiting Sholars Set up by the Association of Research Libraries
        date: 1952-01-01
       words: 5422
      flesch: 51
     summary: Grounds of Federal Support for Research Libraries The Library of Congress presented a report setting forth two possible grounds for Federal support of research libraries, namely that such libraries render service to agencies of the Federal government and that the research resources of the country as held by such libraries constitute a national resource which it is in the national interest to sustain and develop. The report implied, however, that at the present time the possibility of legisla- tion by Congress for any general contribution 'to the support of research libraries was hardly to be expected.
    keywords: committee; libraries; library; publication; report
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        item: #365 of 5668
          id: crl-10657
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Notes from the A.C.R.L. Office; College and University Library Statistics; Personnel; News from the Field
        date: 1952-01-01
       words: 21761
      flesch: 82
     summary: Gradu- Gradu- Book Volumes News- P erio Lib~ary Ending hers ates ates Stock Added papers cals abama, Jacksonville, State Teachers College .... . . . . . . 30Je51 175 2,953 191 121,724 6,609 15 760 Indiana, Terre Haute, State Teachers College ..... . . .
    keywords: college; college library; department; librarian; libraries; library; library school; new; research; school; service; state; state college; state teachers; state university; teachers college; university; university library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10657.pdf
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        item: #366 of 5668
          id: crl-10659
      author: Cassidy, Thomas R.
       title: United Nations Documents in the Medium-Sized University---Nuisance or Necessity?
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 2228
      flesch: 56
     summary: All universities have some coyrses in eco- 107 nomics, geography, history, political science, sociology and law; and in all these fields United Nations publications provide ex- cellent source material. Acquisition of the two latter types of United Nations publications will probably be as much as the library of the medium- sized university can manage.
    keywords: documents; nations; united
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        item: #367 of 5668
          id: crl-10660
      author: Morris, T. D.
       title: Techniques of Appraising the Administrative Strength of an Organization
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 3528
      flesch: 52
     summary: ; Given this knowledge, work simplification becomes a matter of selecting for more in- 113 tensive study those phases of the work which pose problems of high cost, inac- curacy, tardy processing, arrearages of work, etc. This technique seeks out the most direct means of obviating loss of time and waste of materials and of assuring expeditious processing of work in accordance with predetermined standards of quality.
    keywords: acquisition; control; management; organization; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10660.pdf
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        item: #368 of 5668
          id: crl-10662
      author: Brown, Edna M.
       title: New Periodicals of 1951---Part II
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 2320
      flesch: 66
     summary: Politics and .political science, how- ever, seemed to be of such interest as to result in several new publications, including the Moscow News. In addition to articles there will be abstracts from world publications.
    keywords: i95i; journal; quarterly; v.i
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        item: #369 of 5668
          id: crl-10663
      author: Johnson, B. Lamar
       title: The Junior College Library---An Opportunity for the Admistrator
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 2797
      flesch: 51
     summary: Their answers revealed that they had observed with approval the follow- ing activities of instructors, in the order of the frequency with which they occurred: Assign library work regularly. Make clear and definite assignments Make varied assignments adapted to the interests and abilities of individual stu- dents Make certain that library materials are available in sufficient quantity before as- signing them Inform librarian regarding assignments which will require the use of library ma- terials Know what is in the library Teach students how to select and evaluate reading materials Take library materials to their classrooms Use the library as their textbook Stimulate the enthusiasm of their stud ; nts Meet with their classes in the college li- brary for periods of work Schedule some of their office hours in the library Send individual notes to faculty members rega; ding books, magazine articles, or other library material.
    keywords: college; librarian; library
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        item: #370 of 5668
          id: crl-10664
      author: Bristol, Roger Pattrell
       title: Can Analysis of Information Be Mechanized?
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 3076
      flesch: 56
     summary: types of scenery intervening between those points.19 Holmstrom believes that concepts and the semantic territory between them can be recorded and released; he does not say either that the raw material of language can be molded into forms sufficiently rigid to be amenable to mechanical analysis, nor that such a marvelous mechanical .analyzer exists or is imminent. Even in the most efficient library systems the whole complex of information-dispens- ing, surely the most important function of a library, usually employs no more com- plicated tools than these, and these only for recording information.
    keywords: analysis; concepts; information; punched; subject
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        item: #371 of 5668
          id: crl-10665
      author: Stallings, H. Dean
       title: College and University Library Buildings: A Ten-Year Forecast, 1950-1960
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 2659
      flesch: 72
     summary: g6 so,ooo so,ooo Ioo,ooo ISO 2S ,ooo IOO I S--20,000 IOO II ,8oo Io,266 8,ooo La Verne College, La Verne, Calif. (completed) I86,750 Southwestern College, Winfield, Kan. I04,236 Elizabethtown College, Pa. 8o,ooo Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, Mich. St. Paul's Polytech. 269,896 Rollins College, Winter Park, Fla. C9llege of St. Rose, Albany, N. Y. U. of Santa Clara, Calif. 81 S ,ooo Fairmount State College, Fairmount, W.Va.
    keywords: college; libraries; library; ooo
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        item: #372 of 5668
          id: crl-10666
      author: Lewis, Edward G.
       title: A Political Scientist in the Reference Library
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 2483
      flesch: 62
     summary: Although we speak of the study of politics as political science, there is considerable difference of opinion among political scientists as to whether their scholarly discipline has actually reached the status of a science. Part of his problem is to find out what the actual facts are so that he can discover how they fit into pat- terns, and how these patterns can be used to explain rules of political behavior or pos- sibly to forecast future political behavior or trends.
    keywords: librarian; library; political; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10666.pdf
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        item: #373 of 5668
          id: crl-10667
      author: Smith, Datus; Walker, Theodore
       title: Publishing Programs and Library Interests: A Symposium - University Press and University Library; Problems of American Book Publishers
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 5062
      flesch: 59
     summary: There are ideological considerations here which I do not wish to go into , but the reader might be interested in noting that the really tremendous increase in the sale of university press books in the last two decades has been in effect a means of gammg wide public financial support for scholarly publishing. Far too much power, for the public good, is exercised by this particular section of the country-in radio, television, magazines, newspapers, the theater, and book publishing.
    keywords: book; committee; library; press; publishers; publishing; university
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        item: #374 of 5668
          id: crl-10668
      author: Mearns, David C.
       title: A Selected Bibliography On City And Regional Planning-Dictionnaire de Bibliographie Haitienne (Book Review)
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 1454
      flesch: 59
     summary: Chicago, American Library Association, 195 I. 428 p. $7.00. College and Research Libraries -RevieW Articles American Library Resources American Library Resources: A Bibliographi- cal
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #375 of 5668
          id: crl-10669
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: American Library Resources: A Bibliographical Guide (Book Review)
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 1403
      flesch: 60
     summary: In- stances among universities are California, Chicago, Columbia, Illinois, Michigan (except Clements Library), Minnesota, Stanford (except Hoover Library), Northwestern, Indiana, Wisconsin, Ohio, and New York. It is, moreover, the best possible coin with which to repay Bob Downs for all he has done (and is doing) for the rest of us.-David C. Mearns, Library of Congress.
    keywords: book; libraries; library
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        item: #376 of 5668
          id: crl-10670
      author: Wilxon, Darthula
       title: Two Useful Bibliographies (Book Review)
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 672
      flesch: 57
     summary: A Selected Bibli- ography On City and Regional Planning will be of interest to many libraries. Full imprint and collation are followed by location symbols referring to thirteen li- braries, those in the U.S. bemg the Library of Congress, the New Y ark Public Library, and the university libraries of Columbia, Harvard, and Howard.
    keywords: libraries; research
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        item: #377 of 5668
          id: crl-10672
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: The Executive at Work (Book Review)
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 1419
      flesch: 53
     summary: The content of the report is an admirable supplement to Georg Leyh's Die deutschen wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken nach dem Kriege (Tubingen, 1947); and it is a re- markably lucid description of the structure of German research libraries. Lit- eratur in Bad Godesberg attempts to assist German research libraries in a plan to acquire the world's current publications.
    keywords: german; libraries; research
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        item: #378 of 5668
          id: crl-10673
      author: Reichmann, Felix
       title: The Bibliographical History of Anonyma and Pseudonyma (Book Review)
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 1418
      flesch: 60
     summary: Both in England and in America the change of name is comparatively easy. They treat I) homonyms, 2) latin- ized names, and 3) pseudepigrapha in a well written summary, but do not appreciably add to our knowledge of the subject.
    keywords: college; library
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        item: #379 of 5668
          id: crl-10674
      author: Johnson, B. Lamar
       title: The Library in College Instruction (Book Review)
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 2125
      flesch: 52
     summary: Such practical experience would make the college teacher aware of the problems which the stu- dents face in the use of library materials and would acquaint him with the problems which librarians and instructors must solve if the educational aims of the college are to be realized satisfactorily. Perhaps the most notable surprise in store for readers of this volume whose introduction to it comes only through its title is the ex- tensive consideration given to the selection of library materials (the 234 pages comprising Units I-III) as contrasted with the compara- tively little consideration given to the use of such materials in teaching (the 55 pages com- prising Units IV and V).
    keywords: college; library; materials
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10674.pdf
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        item: #380 of 5668
          id: crl-10675
      author: Jackson, Ellen
       title: Library Records for Government Publications (Book Review)
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 1409
      flesch: 50
     summary: So few contributions of significance have been made to the literature of the admini- stration of government documents collections that any addition to it is sure to be received with attentive interest by a wide audience of documents librarians and library administra- tors. Instead of ar- rangement by major department, subdivided by subordinate agency, on the principles of the Superintendent of Documents classifica- tion system for federal government publica- tions, she advocates direct arrangement of agencies without regard to their place in the government hierarchy, in an alphabetical sub- ject arr.angement to be brought about by selecting a key word in the title of the agency that will indicate its subject specialization and if possible place it in juxtaposition to other kindred agencies.
    keywords: government; library
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        item: #381 of 5668
          id: crl-10676
      author: Ditzion, Sidney
       title: Library History (Book Review)
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 3049
      flesch: 55
     summary: Working under Francis Wayland, a college president whose library consciousness was of highest order, Jewett traveled widely on book collecting expeditions, visiting libraries and librarians, learning of a great variety of library practice while he built up Brown University's bibliographical re- sources. Still another welcome sign is the growing emphasis on writing library history from broad source materials rather than from a compound of reminiscence as has been too often the woeful approach in this field.
    keywords: conference; history; libraries; library; marketing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10676.pdf
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        item: #382 of 5668
          id: crl-10678
      author: Frarey, Carlyle J.
       title: Technical Libraries; Their Organization and Management (Book Review)
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 1506
      flesch: 47
     summary: About half of the text is a brief, comprehensive overview of library operations, including discussions of the na- ture of technical libraries, requirements for and qualifications of the staff, budget planning, physical layout a'nd equipment, and the selec- tion, acquisition and organization for use of library materials. Most, if not all of the previous studies of use of the subject catalog suggest that this approach to library materials is less-used than tradition maintains.
    keywords: libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10678.pdf
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        item: #383 of 5668
          id: crl-10679
      author: Frarey, Carlyle J.
       title: The Use of the Subject Catalog in the University of California Library (Book Review)
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 1383
      flesch: 49
     summary: Of course there will be some to argue the accuracy and reliability of this study since its conclusions run counter to tradit.ional concepts of library service long held. But to those others who are perceiving that modern APRIL, 1952 economics preclude perpetuation of lovely traditions unless they contribute markedly to the over-all quality of library service, this study will offer some hope of reconciling budget and service.
    keywords: catalog; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10679.pdf
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        item: #384 of 5668
          id: crl-10680
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Brief of the Mlnutes of the Meetings of the ACRL Board of Directors; Two Studies Proposed by ARL; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1952-04-01
       words: 13118
      flesch: 58
     summary: A few of the other special collections in the University Library, including the Leigh Hunt collection, the Springer library of printing and typography, and the collection of books by Iowa authors are shown. He was a serious student of all aspects of library service, and his contribution to the Duke University Library went far beyond readers' services.
    keywords: acrl; ala; association; board; books; college; committee; librarian; libraries; library; new; research; state; university; university library; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10680.pdf
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        item: #385 of 5668
          id: crl-10681
      author: Hamlin, Arthur T.
       title: Membership Distribution Becomes a Reality
        date: 1952-06-30
       words: 507
      flesch: 58
     summary: Advertising income is important, and Col- lege and Research Libraries charges have been nearly doubled because of circulation mcreases. The advertisements re- flect interest in problems and needs of col- lege libraries and a desire to cooperate in professional activities.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10681.pdf
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        item: #386 of 5668
          id: crl-10682
      author: Reece, Ernest J.
       title: Library Buildings Programs: How to Draft Them
        date: 1952-06-30
       words: 8698
      flesch: 60
     summary: before an architect is designated, since situ~­ dering whether building programs need be tions may arise in which it ought to influence framed by owners alone, and whether in the that selection. If anything, the framers of library programs appear overly solicitous not to poach upon the preserves of architects.
    keywords: architect; building; librarian; library; new; program; university; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10682.pdf
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        item: #387 of 5668
          id: crl-10684
      author: Wilson, Dwight Hillis
       title: No Ivory Tower: The Administration of a College or University Archives
        date: 1952-06-30
       words: 5326
      flesch: 60
     summary: This would accommodate records that have been retired in order to release space for current records, and at the same time insure their safety from destruction while awaiting processing. B. Send out circular letter with first instructions on retirement of non- current records.
    keywords: archives; archivist; college; office; records; time; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10684.pdf
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        item: #388 of 5668
          id: crl-10685
      author: Hughes, Margaret H.
       title: Periodical Binding Schedules for Improved Reader Service in University and College Libraries
        date: 1952-06-30
       words: 2742
      flesch: 48
     summary: Information bearing specifically upon interruption of reader service during the binding period was gathered from sixty- three college and university libraries. The investigation showed that the ma- jority ol libraries follow some plan in sending periodicals to the bindery, but few plans systematically consider reader service.
    keywords: binding; libraries; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10685.pdf
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        item: #389 of 5668
          id: crl-10687
      author: Merritt, LeRoy Charles
       title: A Footnote on the Need for Local Subject Cataloging
        date: 1952-06-30
       words: 1854
      flesch: 69
     summary: Fasc. 4, 5, I2) Local Subject Cataloging (Continued from page 233) saving are not at hand, but it is not un- reasonable to estimate the total saving at the same 6 5 per cent found to obtain were subject cataloging to be eliminated for for- JULY, 1952 eign books and English books more than twenty years old. In order to provide the necesary background for the reader who may not have the basic document at hand, the following paragraphs are quoted from the summary: It was revealed that the use of books pro- gressively diminishes as they become older, and that somewhat more recent books are chosen from the subject catalog than are located in the author catalog.
    keywords: books; catalog; cent; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10687.pdf
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        item: #390 of 5668
          id: crl-10688
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Reference Books of 1951-1952
        date: 1952-06-30
       words: 4691
      flesch: 61
     summary: These are preceded by a list of some eighty li- braries owning extensive collections of Jansenist material ; and general works, such as dictionaries, bibliographies, printed li- brary catalogs and periodicals. Arranged by the Bliss Bibliographic Classification with a subject and author index, this comprehen- sive listing of New Zealand reference material in books, periodicals, and official documents is a valuable addition to guides to reference books, and although Mr. Harris has left New Zealand it is to be hoped that the New Zealand Library Association will continue the work.
    keywords: bibliography; books; dictionary; index; libraries; new; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10688.pdf
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        item: #391 of 5668
          id: crl-10689
      author: Terry, Altha E.
       title: Techniques for Expanding the Card Catalog of a Large Library
        date: 1952-06-30
       words: 3119
      flesch: 68
     summary: In any case, catalog trays were out of use for a brief time only. In a catalog as extensive as the one under con- sideration it would be helpful to have a measuring scale (in inches only) stamped on the outer right side or along the top edge of that side of each tray, to save the necessity of picking up and positioning a ruler, both in the process of estimating and of apportioning tray contents later.
    keywords: catalog; labels; trays
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10689.pdf
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        item: #392 of 5668
          id: crl-10690
      author: Grieder, Elmer M.
       title: The Reorganization of the Stanford University Libraries
        date: 1952-06-30
       words: 3798
      flesch: 50
     summary: 5 It will be seen that the surveyors were much preoccupied by the proliferation of special libraries, the irregular and uncertain character of their financing, their tendency to escape the jurisdiction of the library administration, and the resulting ineffi- ciency of all library functions. Ppa:g; 62; ~~~- Iii. · Cha rts for the t wo plan s special libraries are intended to provide.
    keywords: division; libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10690.pdf
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        item: #393 of 5668
          id: crl-10691
      author: Russell, Harold
       title: Guide to Reference Books (Book Review)
        date: 1952-06-30
       words: 1528
      flesch: 58
     summary: [Editor's note: Articles by Miss Winchell on new reference works appear in the January 19 52, and this issue of C & R L.] 274 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES The Fine Arts section has been expanded to more than double the number of pages, which has permitted the inclusion of 125 new, or comparatively new, works, among them some excellent textbooks useful in reference work.
    keywords: edition; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10691.pdf
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        item: #394 of 5668
          id: crl-10692
      author: Lehmann-Haupt, Hellmut
       title: New Books About the Book Arts (Book Review)
        date: 1952-06-30
       words: 3019
      flesch: 59
     summary: Each of them has something new to say to the librarian who is interested in books not merely as a vehicle of information but as the tangible, physical manifestation of spiritual, intellectual and artistic endeavour. Both these books have one particl)lar value for those librarians who have in their care im- portant collections of books printed before the middle of the nineteenth century: they can be used as guides to the discovery and re- evaluation of scarcely appreciated or perhaps 276 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES completely neglected masterpieces
    keywords: books; illustration; library; means; new; public
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10692.pdf
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        item: #395 of 5668
          id: crl-10694
      author: Blasingame, Ralph
       title: Punched Cards, Their Applications to Science and Industry (Book Review)
        date: 1952-06-30
       words: 1510
      flesch: 56
     summary: The Guide lists 1,700 reels of film concerning six subject classes: legislative rec- ords, executive records, statutory law, con- stitutional records, administrative records, and court records. The preservation and storage of newspapers is one of the prime problems of librarians today, yet we know that the student wishing to use official records of many early govern- mental bodies must rely on the newspaper for the only extant printing of those records.
    keywords: cards; punched; records
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10694.pdf
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        item: #396 of 5668
          id: crl-10695
      author: Shepherd, G. F.
       title: A Guide to the Microfilm Collection of Early State Records (Book Review)
        date: 1952-06-30
       words: 1484
      flesch: 57
     summary: The Guide lists 1,700 reels of film concerning six subject classes: legislative rec- ords, executive records, statutory law, con- stitutional records, administrative records, and court records. The preservation and storage of newspapers is one of the prime problems of librarians today, yet we know that the student wishing to use official records of many early govern- mental bodies must rely on the newspaper for the only extant printing of those records.
    keywords: headings; records; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10695.pdf
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        item: #397 of 5668
          id: crl-10696
      author: Wright, Wyllis E.
       title: Subject Headings; a Practical Guide (Book Review)
        date: 1952-06-30
       words: 1093
      flesch: 59
     summary: The relations of subject headings to author entries and added entries is next taken up, with the relation of the subject catalog to the shelf list, the forms of subjects for special libraries or special departmental, catalogs, problems of filing, and procedures and personnel in the subject cataloging field. Send fifty cents (50¢~ in stamps or coin to Business Manager, ACRL MONOGRAPHS c/ o University of Illinois Library, Chicago Undergraduate Division Chicago
    keywords: headings; subject
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        item: #398 of 5668
          id: crl-10697
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Brief of Minutes, Association of Research Libraries, January 26, 1952, Iowa City; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1952-06-30
       words: 13435
      flesch: 54
     summary: Brown University Library has recently re- 257 ceived a gift of $IOo,ooo from Mr. and Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, ] r., to establish a me- morial to Arthur Moulton Allen, a classmate of Mr. Rockefeller. Born in Boston, Mass., in 1887, Mr. Baker received the A.B. and A.M. degrees from Harvard and was graduated from the New Y ark State Library School at Albany in 1918.
    keywords: american; assistant; association; book; college; department; librarian; libraries; library; new; report; research; school; state; university; university library; use; years
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        item: #399 of 5668
          id: crl-10698
      author: Sypher, Wylie; Metcalf, Keyes D.; White, Carl M.; Wilson, Louis R.
       title: Fees for Research Library Use by "Outsiders": A Symposium - Views on the Fee Policy; The Situation at Harvard; The Situation at Columbia; Should Research Libraries Impose Fees Upon Visiting Scholars?
        date: 1952-10-01
       words: 5992
      flesch: 61
     summary: Consequently its librarian is glad to have this opportunity to describe exactly what action Harvard has taken and to con- sider as objectively as possible the general problem of fees that are charged for the use of university libraries. May not this sort of library fee be a form of economic censorship, based on one's ability to pay?
    keywords: libraries; library; research; university; use
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        item: #400 of 5668
          id: crl-10700
      author: Walter, Alpheus L.
       title: Fifty Years Young: Library of Congress Cards
        date: 1952-10-01
       words: 2405
      flesch: 63
     summary: • The primary function of the Card Divi- sion is, of course, the distribution and sale of LC prjnted catalog cards. A new service, the printing and distribu- tion of catalog cards for motion pictures and filmstrips, has recently been inaugurated by the Library of Congress.
    keywords: cards; division; library
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        item: #401 of 5668
          id: crl-10701
      author: Stone, Elizabeth O.
       title: The Encouragement of Reading Through Ownership of Books and Book Selection
        date: 1952-10-01
       words: 2981
      flesch: 63
     summary: Other periodicals checked regularly for library representatives include: Booklist~ Literary Supplement to the London Times~ Saturday R eview, reviewing sections of fVilson Library Bulletin, Library Quar- terly, and others. The Encouragement of Reading Through Ownership of Books and Book Selection Miss Stone is assistant director of libraries for public servicesJ Southern Illinois.
    keywords: books; collection; department; library
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        item: #402 of 5668
          id: crl-10703
      author: Kleist, Herbert
       title: Librarian, What of the Book Jacket?
        date: 1952-10-01
       words: 3148
      flesch: 68
     summary: The attitude toward book jackets of private book collectors, who have played such an important role in buildin.g up the resources of libraries, has been fully dis- 1 Kohn, John S. Van E., Some Notes on Dust Jackets, Publishers' Weekly, 132:1732-35, October 30, 1937- cussed by Mr. Kohn. A number of libraries keep a selection of jackets for exhibition purposes, either to call attention to a group of books on a special subject, to an anniversary of a man or an event, or simply to illustrate booJc jacket design.
    keywords: book; i952; jackets; libraries; library
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        item: #403 of 5668
          id: crl-10704
      author: Brown, Edna M.
       title: New Periodicals of 1952---Part I
        date: 1952-10-01
       words: 2096
      flesch: 61
     summary: Speech Association of America, I2 E. Bloomington St., Iowa City, Iowa. In this journal there will be discussions of current questions in the fields of comparative law, interna- tional law and the conflict of laws.
    keywords: book; i952; journal; v.i
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        item: #404 of 5668
          id: crl-10705
      author: Hodgson, James G.; Wright, Walter W.; Kidder, Robert W.; Melinat, Carl H.; Lucy, Mary Lou
       title: Interlibrary Loans: A Symposium - A Preliminary Report on Interlibrary Loan Costs; Interlibrary Loan-Smothered in Tradition; Errors and Incomplete Entries in Interlibrary Loan Requests; Interlibrary Loan Practice and the Interlibrary Loan Code; Interlibrary Loans in a University Library
        date: 1952-10-01
       words: 17282
      flesch: 64
     summary: Pennsylvania has for years considered the acknowledgement of receipt of interlibrary loan packages an unnecessary step, but has felt obligated to conform to current practice when the books of other libraries were in- volved. The first question put to librarians in this questionnaire was: In borrowing books from other libraries, what code or set of regula- tions do you follow?
    keywords: books; cent; code; cost; errors; interlibrary; interlibrary loan; lending; libraries; library; loan; requests; time
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        item: #405 of 5668
          id: crl-10706
      author: Cole, Dorothy Ethlyn
       title: Library School Studies, 1951
        date: 1952-10-01
       words: 1634
      flesch: 55
     summary: An Evaluation of Col- lege and University Library Handbooks for Students. (Drexel) Harrison, Madeline G. The Responsibility of the College Library for the Reading of the Freshman, with Specific Implications for Savannah State College Library.
    keywords: college; libraries; library; university
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        item: #406 of 5668
          id: crl-10707
      author: Frarey, Carlyle J.; Reed, Sarah R.
       title: Studies in Progress
        date: 1952-10-01
       words: 976
      flesch: 59
     summary: The History of the Lafay- ette College Library, 1832-1941. with College OCTOBER_, 1952 and University Library Administration.
    keywords: college; library; university
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        item: #407 of 5668
          id: crl-10708
      author: Hamlin, Arthur T.
       title: Annual Report of the ACRL Executive Secretary, 1951-52
        date: 1952-10-01
       words: 6824
      flesch: 58
     summary: During the past year several state organi- zations have undertaken the compilation of statistics on college libraries within their borders. This small increase over last year (approximately 100) in spite of increased ALA dues is attributed directly to membership distribu- tion of College and Research Libraries.
    keywords: acrl; ala; chairman; college; committee; libraries; library; membership; year
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10708.pdf
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        item: #408 of 5668
          id: crl-10711
      author: Lathem, Edward Connery
       title: Books and Printing: A Treasury for Typophiles (Book Review)
        date: 1952-10-01
       words: 1568
      flesch: 59
     summary: Public librarians have had the stimulating experience over the last several years of look- ing at themselves as others see them. It is fascinating, if not vital, to know that most of the librarians queried would again choose librarianship, that they went into li- brary work because they liked books and people, that male librarians rate highest on the career potential scale as musicians, and that 87% read for recreation.
    keywords: books; printing; public
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10711.pdf
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        item: #409 of 5668
          id: crl-10712
      author: Van Horne, Bernard
       title: The Public Librarian: A Report of the Public Library Inquiry (Book Review)
        date: 1952-10-01
       words: 1534
      flesch: 55
     summary: It includes a critical bibliography of works on methodology, and various types of reference tools; a selective list of abstracting and review journals (by Claudius F. Mayer); a directory of societies, national and interna- tional devoted to the history of science; criti- cal bibliographies of works on the history of science arranged by country and some forty- one special branches of science; a critical list- ing of journals and serials concerning the h:s- tory of science (with Claudius F. Mayer); a section on institutes, museums, libraries, and a special section devoted to international con- gresses. The history of science is being studied and consulted more frequently by contemporary historians and social scientists than at any time since the seventeenth century.
    keywords: history; public; science
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        item: #410 of 5668
          id: crl-10714
      author: Fleming, Thomas P.
       title: The Great Medical Bibliographers: A Study in Humanism (Book Review)
        date: 1952-10-01
       words: 691
      flesch: 56
     summary: Cooperation from library schools is essential for Library Litera- ture to be complete in this respect, and one is somewhat disturbed to find such Columb:a omtsswns as the essays by Budington, Bump, Martignoni, Schein, Stickle, Stripling, and 400 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES Librarians have come to know that if they want to find bibliographical citations to litera- ture relating to problems in their field they consult Library Literature.
    keywords: library; medical
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        item: #411 of 5668
          id: crl-10715
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: Library Literature 1949-1951 (Book Review)
        date: 1952-10-01
       words: 1370
      flesch: 56
     summary: Cooperation from library schools is essential for Library Litera- ture to be complete in this respect, and one is somewhat disturbed to find such Columb:a omtsswns as the essays by Budington, Bump, Martignoni, Schein, Stickle, Stripling, and 400 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES Thurlow (see Graduate Theses Accepted by Library Schools in the United States, 1950- 195 !-Supplement, Library Quart erly 22:36- 37, January, 1952) , and the essay by Malcolm (George Peabody) listed in the Library Quarterly 20:296, October, 1950. Librarians have come to know that if they want to find bibliographical citations to litera- ture relating to problems in their field they consult Library Literature.
    keywords: library; medical; university
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        item: #412 of 5668
          id: crl-10717
      author: Stokes, Katherine M.
       title: Marginal Punched Cards (Book Review)
        date: 1952-10-01
       words: 1481
      flesch: 55
     summary: By using a Keysort card with double rows of punches on the margins, the library staff was able to code in- formation about the students' reading hab~ts that could later be translated into library reports to ·the faculty and administration as indications of the quality of service the library provided and of the effect of library use on the students' performance in class. The relatively small number of articles on library applications of punched card systems has shown a conscious effort on the part of the writers to use terms familiar to any librarian with an ordinary knowledge of mathematics, but Dr. McGraw takes the extra precaution of warning readers on page 61 of his book: (Librarians who have had no experience with 401 marginal puncl!ed cards may find it advisable to skip the remaining section q_f this chapter.
    keywords: book; cards; library
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        item: #413 of 5668
          id: crl-10720
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1952-10-01
       words: 7133
      flesch: 53
     summary: Charles Waddell Chesnutt occupies a unique place in American literature, and the collection of his letters and unpublished man- uscripts which his daughter has given to the Fisk University Library promises good hunt- ing for literary scholarship. The April 1952 issue of Library Notes of Duke University Library contains an article on the Arthur O'Shaughnessy letters.
    keywords: assistant; collection; college; director; librarian; libraries; library; new; university; university library; work; years
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10720.pdf
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        item: #414 of 5668
          id: crl-10721
      author: Jones, Howard Mumford
       title: Opportunities and Support for College and University Libraries
        date: 1953-01-01
       words: 8711
      flesch: 58
     summary: In terms of number of books the University of North Carolina Library is on a par with public libraries in Rochester, Let me therefore turn to another area, the political life of the South, to show, if I can, the rela- tion of university libraries to public wel- fare.
    keywords: books; h e; libraries; library; state; t h; university; university library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10721.pdf
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        item: #415 of 5668
          id: crl-10722
      author: Reichmann, Felix
       title: Hercules and Antaeus
        date: 1953-01-01
       words: 2996
      flesch: 54
     summary: Unfortunately many librarians fall down in this respect and do not meet even minimum standards either in book JANUARY, 1953 23 knowledge or book interest. T h e r e is general agreement that the ideal librarian combines command of library science with book knowledge.
    keywords: book; h e; library; t h
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        item: #416 of 5668
          id: crl-10723
      author: Eaton, Andrew J.
       title: Toward a State-Wide Newspaper Microfilming Program
        date: 1953-01-01
       words: 5733
      flesch: 66
     summary: It has a three-fold purpose: ( i ) to describe what has already been done in the way of filming Louisiana papers, ( 2 ) to out- line what remains to be done, and ( 3 ) to suggest a cooperative program in which Louisiana libraries can pool their efforts to complete the job. T h e Library of Congress has filmed two groups of Louisiana papers, the first con- sisting of early Alexandria and St. Francis- ville papers in its own collections, filmed at the request of the L. S. U .
    keywords: files; papers; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10723.pdf
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        item: #417 of 5668
          id: crl-10724
      author: Tate, Vernon D.
       title: Defrosting a Frozen Asset: The Publication of Doctoral Dissertations
        date: 1953-01-01
       words: 2903
      flesch: 49
     summary: A new publication Dissertation Abstracts will be created to publish abstracts of dissertations and title listings. Participation in the plan by degree grant- ing institutions is voluntary and may be achieved on any one of the following bases: A. Full participation—fee $20.00 per title; will include the preparation of a master microfilm negative from the original dissertation shipped to Uni- versity Microfilm, Ann Arbor; stor- age of the negative and the produc- tion of positives to order at the JANUARY, 1953 37 standard rate (approximately $.01 i cents per page) and the printing in Dissertation Abstracts of
    keywords: abstracts; dissertations; publication
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10724.pdf
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        item: #418 of 5668
          id: crl-10726
      author: Orne, Jerrold
       title: Preserving the American Heritage in a Regimented Society
        date: 1953-01-01
       words: 4006
      flesch: 70
     summary: T h e Air Force, as we know it today, is a relatively new organization. T h e Air Force, at least insofar as it is represented at the Air University, is com- mitted to the concept of promoting un- trammeled, unregimented thought in its offi- cers and men.
    keywords: air
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        item: #419 of 5668
          id: crl-10727
      author: Kingery, Robert E.
       title: A Management Engineering Look at Cataloging
        date: 1953-01-01
       words: 3026
      flesch: 51
     summary: T h e survey further recommended that all serial adding be done in the Process Section using tabulated cards to the end that serial catalogers be involved in the handling of incoming serial material only when a change in catalog planning on the face of catalog cards is involved. After careful and detailed study of the costs of card preparation, of transferring (i.e. of adapting L C cards, of modifying form of personal and corporate entries and subject tracings to correspond to forms already established in the catalogs, of adding classmarks to all cards), and the elapsed time between receipt of material and the availability of full sets of cards in the catalogs, the survey recommended that cards be reproduced by offset, using electric type- writers equipped wTith 8-point type for com- position.
    keywords: t h
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        item: #420 of 5668
          id: crl-10728
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Reference Books of 1951-1952
        date: 1953-01-01
       words: 3772
      flesch: 67
     summary: T h e index includes subject references to museum collections. T h e index includes titles as well as authors.
    keywords: american; libraries; library
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        item: #421 of 5668
          id: crl-10730
      author: Powell, Lawrence Clark
       title: Studies in Bibliography (Book Review)
        date: 1953-01-01
       words: 690
      flesch: 57
     summary: Library Trends is the new quarterly of the University of Illinois Library School. Library Trends Library Trends, Volume I, Number 1, July 1952.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10730.pdf
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        item: #422 of 5668
          id: crl-10742
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Notes from the ACRL Office; Personnel; News from the Field
        date: 1953-01-01
       words: 12957
      flesch: 64
     summary: Copeland has been on the campus of the University of North Carolina either as a graduate student, working for the Ph.D. degree, or as a staff member of the University Library in reference work, as Head of the Division of Government Docu- ments. Robert F. Munn has been appointed head of the reference department of the West Vir- ginia University Library, Morgantown.
    keywords: college; e n; h e; librarian; libraries; library; new; r e; r l; research; s e; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10742.pdf
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        item: #423 of 5668
          id: crl-10747
      author: Raynolds, Helen Margaret
       title: University Library Buildings in the United States 1890-1939
        date: 1953-04-01
       words: 7762
      flesch: 74
     summary: i t h its rigidly prescribed c u r r r m e d by the addition of profes- sional schools, graduate schools, a new range of electives, and a greatly expanded c u r r i c u l u m .
    keywords: h e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10747.pdf
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        item: #424 of 5668
          id: crl-10753
      author: Brown, Edna Mae
       title: New Periodicals of 1952--Part II
        date: 1953-04-01
       words: 6483
      flesch: 99
     summary: i o n of basic or c u r r e n t l e g a l p r o b l e m s on a com- p a r a t i F r e e .
    keywords: e r
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        item: #425 of 5668
          id: crl-10754
      author: Pierson, Margaret
       title: Great Books of the Western World: Tracing of Important Ideas (Book Review)
        date: 1953-04-01
       words: 1518
      flesch: 72
     summary: The test applied to other works of man should be applied to this. The reader realizes that this is not the usual type of reference work from which informa- tion or facts are sought and quickly obtained.
    keywords: books; great
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        item: #426 of 5668
          id: crl-10756
      author: Komidar, Joseph S.
       title: Great Books of the Western World: Has Limitations as a Reference Tool (Book Review)
        date: 1953-04-01
       words: 2347
      flesch: 54
     summary: It makes it possible to approach the contents of the great books in a variety of ways that will be useful to the scholar and the student interested in the his- tory of ideas and in locating passages on spe- cific topics in this group of books. A third difference to note is the inclusion of two features, usually found elsewhere in reference books, as part of the index.
    keywords: reference; syntopicon; topics
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10756.pdf
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        item: #427 of 5668
          id: crl-10758
      author: Prunty, Merle C.
       title: The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World (Book Review)
        date: 1953-04-01
       words: 1504
      flesch: 56
     summary: T h e advantages of the volume for library use, for supplementing geographical research, and in other more general uses, are practically self-apparent when one confronts the volume and need only be listed to be evident to the reader. Prince- ton: Princeton University Press, 1950-52. Vol.
    keywords: english; gazetteer; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10758.pdf
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        item: #428 of 5668
          id: crl-10760
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Brief of Minutes ACRL Board of Directors; ACRL Business Meeting Minutes; Notes from the ACRL Office; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1953-04-01
       words: 26318
      flesch: 90
     summary: T h e t r e a s u r e r had S e v e r a l of the steel stack m a n u f a c t u r e r s have new types of compact storage shelves, each one of which has advantages f o
    keywords: e e; e l; e r; e s; h e; l l; l t; o n; o r; r l; r r; r s; r t; r y; s t; t e; t h; u r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10760.pdf
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        item: #429 of 5668
          id: crl-10761
      author: Muller, Robert H.
       title: A Program for Staff Reading
        date: 1953-06-30
       words: 3364
      flesch: 63
     summary: If authorized library reading programs should become universal, even those li- brarians who wished to read on their own time no more than the average college- educated person (30 volumes a year) could be expected to accumulate a reading record 6 Merle Miller, ! ! ! A selection that included nonfiction as well as fiction might result in an average of about 40 books a year read on library time.
    keywords: library; reading
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10761.pdf
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        item: #430 of 5668
          id: crl-10763
      author: Blanchard, J.R.
       title: Departmental Libraries in Divisional Plan University Libraries
        date: 1953-06-30
       words: 4102
      flesch: 58
     summary: As applied to library science the implication is that the small branch collection specializing in a particular science will either need to grow to an unwieldy and expensive size with much duplication of material in the central libraries and other branches or remain small and unsatisfactory. Having an administrator trained in science library work in charge of a university-wide science library service has many advantages.
    keywords: divisional; libraries; library; science
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10763.pdf
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        item: #431 of 5668
          id: crl-10765
      author: Roberts, A. D.; Wojewodski, F.P.
       title: French Parliamentary Documents
        date: 1953-06-30
       words: 3603
      flesch: 71
     summary: T h e Assemblee Nationale is elected di- rectly and it alone has the power of finally approving proposed legislation. T h e Assemblee Nationale then decides finally whether or not the bill shall become *
    keywords: t h
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        item: #432 of 5668
          id: crl-10767
      author: McAnally, Arthur M.; Gwynn, Stanley E.; McNiff, Philip J.; Dix, William S.; Parker, Wyman S.
       title: Library Service to Undergraduates: A Symposium - Introductory Remarks; The College Library at the University of Chicago; Lamont Library, Harvard College; Undergraduate Libraries; The Vital Core
        date: 1953-06-30
       words: 8249
      flesch: 69
     summary: d e r g r a d u a t e s , it is necessary to go back in history to the time when most university libraries w e r e small and w e r e Collections w e r e not l a r g e , the proportion of g r a d u a t e students w a s small and their number negligible by modern standards, and the li- b r a r y served both the g r a d u a t e and under- g r a d u a t e more or less equally.
    keywords: e r; g r; h e; library; r o; r t; r y; t e; t h
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        item: #433 of 5668
          id: crl-10769
      author: Benjamin, Curtis G.
       title: Some Problems of Scientific Book Publication
        date: 1953-06-30
       words: 8103
      flesch: 61
     summary: Perhaps the most pressing needs to which inter-library cooperation in microfilm projects would contribute relate to the preservation of library materials, specifically, and in descend- ing order of priority, to the preservation of ( i ) domestic newspapers of the woodpulp period, (2) disintegrating periodicals, and (3) out-of-print books. Active participation of other libraries will bring closer the day when the American scholar will have ready access to vast quanti- ties of information hitherto available to him only at great cost and after considerable delays.
    keywords: t h
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        item: #434 of 5668
          id: crl-10770
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Microtext in the Management of Book Collections: A Symposium
        date: 1953-06-30
       words: 8851
      flesch: 69
     summary: It pointed out that the reason why so many librarians of research institutions are as yet relatively unaware of the staggeringly high cost of their book storage is that, in the extremely misleading forms of accounting which libraries are now following, book storage costs are almost entirely con- cealed costs. In other words, book storage cost alone is so extremely large a proportion of all book costs that, in the vast majority of cases, it alone outweighs all microtext costs.
    keywords: book; cost; form; libraries; library; microtext; storage
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10770.pdf
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        item: #435 of 5668
          id: crl-10772
      author: Harkins, William G.; Dimock, Fred L.; Hanson, Mary Elizabeth
       title: Microfilm in University Libraries: A Report
        date: 1953-06-30
       words: 11323
      flesch: 86
     summary: A s o u r r e s e a r c h p r o g r a m g r o w s , w e m a y h I t is i n t e r e s
    keywords: d e; e r; h e; r o; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10772.pdf
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        item: #436 of 5668
          id: crl-10774
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Brief of Minutes Association of Research Libraries Feb. 1,1953, Evanston, Illinois; Notes from the ACRL Office; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1953-06-30
       words: 15625
      flesch: 72
     summary: l a n , including a limited study of its effectiveness, its extension to the Caribbean area and its f u r t h e r extension in the N e a r E a s t and in South and M o r e of our subscription list
    keywords: e d; e l; e r; e s; h e; m e; m r; n d; n t; o r; r r; r t; s t; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10774.pdf
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        item: #437 of 5668
          id: crl-10775
      author: Lehmann-Haupt, Hellmut
       title: Recent Publications (Book Review)
        date: 1953-06-30
       words: 2396
      flesch: 65
     summary: The strength of this book lies in the newness of the author's approach, his inquisitiveness about the reasons why printed books came into being in England ; what caused them to be written in the first place; how they got selected for publication; what the role of the patron was in this proc- ess; what the author got out of it; what social classes the readers of various types of printed books belonged to and what their education was; whether Church and State hindered or encouraged the booktrade and how and why; and many other related major and minor questions. It is proba- ble that the student of English literature and the bibliographer specializing in English books and printing will hardly miss references to the continental scene.
    keywords: books; english; richardson
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        item: #438 of 5668
          id: crl-10776
      author: Marshall, John David
       title: R. R. Bowker: Militant Liberal (Book Review)
        date: 1953-06-30
       words: 1590
      flesch: 61
     summary: By John D. Millett, New York, Co- lumbia University Press, for the Commis- sion on Financing Higher Education, 1952. This volume, which is called The Staff Report of the Commission on Financing Higher Education, supplements the general report of the Commission, Nature and Needs of Higher Education, by presenting a summary of the information, gathered through seven- - teen research projects undertaken by members of the Commission.
    keywords: book; bowker; college
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        item: #439 of 5668
          id: crl-10777
      author: Wright, Wyllis E.
       title: Financing Higher Education in the United States (Book Review)
        date: 1953-06-30
       words: 2457
      flesch: 64
     summary: Have library costs in the past century in- creased more rapidly than general university expenditures? But our concern here is particularly with the section devoted to library expenditures.
    keywords: college; libraries; library
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        item: #440 of 5668
          id: crl-10778
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: Lexikon des Buchwesens (Book Review)
        date: 1953-06-30
       words: 1620
      flesch: 68
     summary: Have library costs in the past century in- creased more rapidly than general university expenditures? If total library expenditures are by 1950 only 3.4 per cent of the total educational expenditures, such a process cannot have gone on for long.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10778.pdf
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        item: #441 of 5668
          id: crl-10780
      author: Fussler, Herman H.; Vosper, Robert; Thornton, Eileen
       title: Acquisition Policy: A Symposium - The Larger University Library; Acquisition Policy - Fact or Fancy?; The Small College Library
        date: 1953-10-01
       words: 7338
      flesch: 56
     summary: Finally, there are two other characteristics of research libraries that are important in relation to the underlying problems of acqui- sition policies, though their specific impact is now difficult to interpret or explain. Is it conceivable that the American Council of Learned Societies and the Social Science Research Council and similar bodies would join us in some large scale investigations or conferences on the use of and need for library materials in broad areas of study?
    keywords: acquisition; faculty; libraries; library; policies; policy; research; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10780.pdf
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        item: #442 of 5668
          id: crl-10781
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: Of Bibliological Mendicancy
        date: 1953-10-01
       words: 3886
      flesch: 58
     summary: Bibliological mendicancy in Lexington is pointed at the unusual, the out-of-the-way item, books which seldom ever are of- fered for sale at all. There are two keys to successful begging: boldness, tempered by respectful courtesy, and a thorough knowledge of the higher realms of the world of books and the denizens who haunt it.
    keywords: h e; kentucky; library; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10781.pdf
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        item: #443 of 5668
          id: crl-10783
      author: Stubblefield, Louise; Forrest, Fred H.
       title: Columbia's New Charging System
        date: 1953-10-01
       words: 4090
      flesch: 72
     summary: Few have complained and those that have ob- jected have been ready to cooperate when we have explained the two features of the new system that make books more readily available for the reader: (1) Books are returned immediately to the shelf. It was a slow, cumbersome process for an assistant had to handle card by card each of the approximately 60,000 entries in the location file to see if it represented over- due books.
    keywords: h e; system; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10783.pdf
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        item: #444 of 5668
          id: crl-10785
      author: Newman, Ruth E.; Peskind, Ira J.
       title: Reading Programs and the Junior College Library
        date: 1953-10-01
       words: 1735
      flesch: 55
     summary: In many institutions the library and reading programs are very effectively integrated. Now, in many instances, reading programs have been formulated with the purpose of serving all the students at their current reading levels.
    keywords: reading
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        item: #445 of 5668
          id: crl-10786
      author: Sweet, Arthur P.
       title: Forms in Acquisitions Work
        date: 1953-10-01
       words: 7419
      flesch: 85
     summary: See back of this slip See a t t a c h e d c o r r e - s (8) E r r o r is m a d e in b
    keywords: e d; e e; e r; o r; r t; t e
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        item: #446 of 5668
          id: crl-10796
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Brief of Minutes ACRL Board of Directors; ACRL General Session Minutes; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1953-10-01
       words: 16447
      flesch: 70
     summary: R O B E R T L . r k University L a w Library.
    keywords: e r; h e; library; m r; o r; r l; r t; r y; t e; t h; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10796.pdf
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        item: #447 of 5668
          id: crl-10797
      author: Downs, Robert B.
       title: Are College and University Librarians Academic?
        date: 1954-01-01
       words: 3989
      flesch: 56
     summary: Seriously, however, I am convinced that civil service is an almost unmitigated curse when applied to university library staffs. It is quite common, there- fore, to find in these positions persons with advanced training both in library science and in subject areas.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10797.pdf
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        item: #448 of 5668
          id: crl-10799
      author: David, Charles W.
       title: The Reproduction of the National Union Catalog
        date: 1954-01-01
       words: 7923
      flesch: 90
     summary: I s e e F e r r a r L e F a m l l l s t S r e l l l u s t r e , r«si| ans d ' a s s o c l a t l o n ,
    keywords: d e; e e; e s; l e; r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10799.pdf
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        item: #449 of 5668
          id: crl-10801
      author: Halmos, Dorothy M.
       title: The Hancock Library of Biology and Oceanography
        date: 1954-01-01
       words: 2664
      flesch: 61
     summary: For each of these aspects, three groups of library materials are needed. 32 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES
    keywords: library
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        item: #450 of 5668
          id: crl-10802
      author: Eastin, Roy B.
       title: Central Indexing and Distribution of U. S. Government Documents
        date: 1954-01-01
       words: 4852
      flesch: 77
     summary: Government publications . . . Now why should government publications present such difficulties for both the reader and the librarian?
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10802.pdf
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        item: #451 of 5668
          id: crl-10803
      author: Ullman, Morris B.
       title: The Indexing and Distribution of Census Publications
        date: 1954-01-01
       words: 4924
      flesch: 66
     summary: W e find that, of the 544 government deposi- tory libraries, 538 receive one or more of the classes of census publications; 143 receive every census report distributed by the Super- intendent of Documents; and another 185 re- ceive all except two or three of the 34 classes of census reports. Other techniques are also used to inform the public of census reports.
    keywords: census; libraries; publications; reports
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10803.pdf
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        item: #452 of 5668
          id: crl-10804
      author: MacBride, James H.
       title: A Subject Approach to United Nations Documents
        date: 1954-01-01
       words: 4518
      flesch: 70
     summary: Few libraries to date have established a clear, concise, and workable binding policy for United Nations documents, mimeographed or printed. As a comment upon this, I would say that as long as under- graduates and beginning graduate students find United Nations material to be of use to them in their work, certainly such a service would not be amiss.
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10804.pdf
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        item: #453 of 5668
          id: crl-10806
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1953
        date: 1954-01-01
       words: 5296
      flesch: 74
     summary: w o r k s of i n t e r e s t to u Supplement au Guide international des archives, t.l ( E u r o p e ) ,
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10806.pdf
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        item: #454 of 5668
          id: crl-10807
      author: Dawson, John Minto
       title: Xerography in Card Reproduction
        date: 1954-01-01
       words: 2802
      flesch: 70
     summary: O N of catalog cards has been a persistently annoying problem since libraries began using card catalogs. One of the most promising means for card reproduction which has recently been developed is the combination of xerography2 1 B o w e r s , M .
    keywords: cards
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10807.pdf
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        item: #455 of 5668
          id: crl-10808
      author: Cole, Dorothy Ethlyn
       title: Library School Studies, 1952-53
        date: 1954-01-01
       words: 1663
      flesch: 64
     summary: Evaluation of the M o r - ris College Library, Sumter, South Caro- lina. Basic Collection for a University Departmental Library in Ge- ography.
    keywords: college; libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10808.pdf
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        item: #456 of 5668
          id: crl-10809
      author: Muller, Robert H.
       title: Work Week, Vacations, and Salaries in Medium-Sized Universities and Colleges
        date: 1954-01-01
       words: 5286
      flesch: 111
     summary: R e p l i e s w e r e r e c e y i n t e r e s t e
    keywords: e e; e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10809.pdf
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        item: #457 of 5668
          id: crl-10810
      author: Merritt, Gertrude; Frarey, Carlyle J.
       title: Costs of Expanding the Card Catalog of a Large Library
        date: 1954-01-01
       words: 6315
      flesch: 107
     summary: r t h e r e o r g a C O M M I T T E E E X P E N S E S Administrative Procedures $ 25.00 $ Audio Visual 50.00 82.20 Buildings 437-50 50.28 Constitution and B y l a w s 25.00 Preparation & Qualifications for Librarianship 25.00 Publications
    keywords: e e; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10810.pdf
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        item: #458 of 5668
          id: crl-10812
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: German Source Books (Book Review)
        date: 1954-01-01
       words: 8688
      flesch: 112
     summary: i t b y ideas c u r r e n t o u t s i d i n t e r e s t and a r e d a t e d .
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10812.pdf
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        item: #459 of 5668
          id: crl-10815
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1954-01-01
       words: 34864
      flesch: 114
     summary: L i r e t t e R a n n i v e r s i t y , and i n t e r e s t e d s c h
    keywords: e e; e r; e s; r o; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10815.pdf
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        item: #460 of 5668
          id: crl-10817
      author: Leyh, Georg
       title: The Education of the Librarian
        date: 1954-04-01
       words: 6044
      flesch: 74
     summary: Then after 1886 a num- ber of professorships in library science were set up which only for a limited time aided posterity by adding to our objective knowl- edge, but did not affect the question of intel- lectual development which is central to the problem of the education of the librarian. Then came Ferdinand Eichler who wanted to develop library science into a science of values and library policy into world policy, a proposal so utterly unreal that Adolph von Harnack promptly attacked it in good set terms.
    keywords: h e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10817.pdf
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        item: #461 of 5668
          id: crl-10822
      author: Rowell, Margaret K.; Ciolli, Antoinette
       title: Faculty Day and the Library At Brooklyn College: A Report
        date: 1954-04-01
       words: 3550
      flesch: 57
     summary: The chief catalog librarian, then defined classification and cataloging, and explained why both are necessary; how the materials acquired by Brooklyn College Library are or- ganized and cataloged, listed the steps taken to make the card catalog as responsive as possible to the needs of the undergraduates, and made mention briefly of the cooperative efforts made nationally by catalogers to share the results of their bibliographical research so that all users of the Library, student and faculty alike, are greatly benefited. In the spring of 1952, the Library Department asked for the opportunity to take part in the program of the 1953 Faculty Day in order to demonstrate to the teachers the role the Library played in the College's efforts to realize its educational goals.
    keywords: college; faculty; library; program
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10822.pdf
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        item: #462 of 5668
          id: crl-10824
      author: Trezza, Alphonse F.
       title: Philadelphia, First ACRL Chapter
        date: 1954-04-01
       words: 5818
      flesch: 110
     summary: i n g c o m - m i t t e e , p l a n t h e n e x t m e e t i i n g C o m m i t t e e .
    keywords: e e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10824.pdf
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        item: #463 of 5668
          id: crl-10825
      author: Brown, Edna Mae
       title: New Periodicals of 1953--Part II
        date: 1954-04-01
       words: 11074
      flesch: 111
     summary: i n , p u r p o s e o r t r e a t m e n t a r e i n f r R e u t e r , A l f r e d D u f f C
    keywords: e e; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10825.pdf
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        item: #464 of 5668
          id: crl-10826
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.; Morris, T. D.; Kingery, Robert E.
       title: Management Improvements in Libraries - Surveys by Librarians; The Management Consultant in the Library; What Happens When the Management Engineers Leave?
        date: 1954-04-01
       words: 43423
      flesch: 110
     summary: n i n t e r e s t e d s u p p o r t i n g c o n s t i t u n i n t e r e s t e
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; e s; r t; s t; t e; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10826.pdf
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        item: #465 of 5668
          id: crl-10827
      author: Kremer, Alvin W.
       title: The Preservation of Wood Pulp Publications
        date: 1954-04-01
       words: 13169
      flesch: 113
     summary: n s , w i l l be of i n t e r e s t to u e s , m o r e r e s e a r c h a
    keywords: e e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10827.pdf
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        item: #466 of 5668
          id: crl-10829
      author: Vosper, Robert
       title: Farmington Plan Handbook (Book Review)
        date: 1954-04-01
       words: 691
      flesch: 54
     summary: a live, working collection of books selected to serve the required and recommended reading 236 COI.LEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES There is a list of the ninety-nine countries whose publications are procured under the Plan with indication of the procurement agent or library, a list of the participating libraries with report of the subject fields for which each is responsible, a fairly detailed alphabeti- cal subject index that indicates the library responsible for each subject, and then a classi- fied (L.C.) cross index.
    keywords: plan
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10829.pdf
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        item: #467 of 5668
          id: crl-10831
      author: Dance, James C.
       title: Professional Problems in Psychology (Book Review)
        date: 1954-04-01
       words: 1444
      flesch: 48
     summary: Under each topic the corresponding ALA and Vatican rules are specified, with descriptions of ma- terial belonging to that category, rules for entry with generous examples of entries and sample cards, and suggested subject headings, particularly form headings. The method of book selection for the La- mont collection is described in some detail in an article entitled The Selection of Books for Lamont, by Edwin E. Williams.2 The subse- quent refinement of the original lists and the limitations and general coverage of the pres- ent Catalogue are briefly but simply set forth in the introduction to the Catalogue.
    keywords: books; catholic; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10831.pdf
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        item: #468 of 5668
          id: crl-10832
      author: Uhrich, Helen B.
       title: A Manual of cataloging Practice for Catholic Author and Title Entries (Book Review)
        date: 1954-04-01
       words: 2235
      flesch: 47
     summary: Almost one-third of the chapter is devoted to library building history of an excessively antiquarian character; the rest of the chapter deals succinctly with standards of library design, elements of li- brary buildings, types of library buildings, factors to be considered in planning, and fu- ture trends. In other cases, variations from ALA rules and Library of Congress practice are indicated, with suggestions to catalogers in Catholic libraries for bringing these entries into conformity with Catholic usage, as for Biblical and Apocryphal Books of the Bible (though we note here that those Books not included in the Catholic canon would be treated as anonymous classics and entered under accepted names).
    keywords: catholic; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10832.pdf
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        item: #469 of 5668
          id: crl-10834
      author: Hamill, Harold L.
       title: The Califronia Librarian Education Survey, a Report to President Robert G. Sproul, University of California (Book Review)
        date: 1954-04-01
       words: 4619
      flesch: 96
     summary: T h e r e c r u T h a t in o r d e r to p r o m o t e
    keywords: e r; e s; r o; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10834.pdf
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        item: #470 of 5668
          id: crl-10838
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Brief of Minutes ACRL Board of Directors; Notes from the ACRL Office; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1954-04-01
       words: 42837
      flesch: 102
     summary: i s u a l W o r k w a s not r e p r e s e n t e d . d q u i s t , A L A t r e a s u r e r , as the r e p r e s
    keywords: e d; e e; e n; e r; e s; h e; l e; n t; r o; r r; r s; r t; s t; t e; t o; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10838.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10838.txt

        item: #471 of 5668
          id: crl-10839
      author: Manley, Marian C.
       title: Personalities Behind the Development of PAIS
        date: 1954-06-30
       words: 7115
      flesch: 79
     summary: n i v e r s i t y Study in A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i T h e d e c i s i
    keywords: e d; e r; h e; t e; t h; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10839.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10839.txt

        item: #472 of 5668
          id: crl-10840
      author: Dewey, Harry
       title: Handling Monographs in Series
        date: 1954-06-30
       words: 5584
      flesch: 87
     summary: 3 0 has call n u m b e r R 9 7 0 . n i v e r s i t y Study in A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10840.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10840.txt

        item: #473 of 5668
          id: crl-10841
      author: Burton, Howard A.
       title: Maximum Benefits from a Program for Staff Reading
        date: 1954-06-30
       words: 7804
      flesch: 108
     summary: y o u r r e i l l rise m o r e r a p
    keywords: r e; r o
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10841.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10841.txt

        item: #474 of 5668
          id: crl-10842
      author: Cook, C. Donald
       title: The Farmington Plan and the Select List of Unlocated Research Books
        date: 1954-06-30
       words: 2774
      flesch: 64
     summary: Let us say that IO titles remain as un­ explained Farmington Plan omissions. Is there any area, in country, subject or form, which the Farmington Plan is not covering?
    keywords: farmington; list; plan; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10842.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10842.txt

        item: #475 of 5668
          id: crl-10843
      author: Wedemeyer, Josephine A.
       title: Student Attitudes Toward Library Methods Courses in a University
        date: 1954-06-30
       words: 8340
      flesch: 107
     summary: T h e students w e r e f u r t h e r instructed to G i v e an e x a m p l e , or m a k e a statement to support T h e r e w a s also concern f o
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10843.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10843.txt

        item: #476 of 5668
          id: crl-10845
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1953-1954
        date: 1954-06-30
       words: 12595
      flesch: 102
     summary: g r a p h i c a l d a t a , c u r r e n t a d d r e s s e s a n d c o n o is r e s t r
    keywords: e n; e r; e s; h e; o r; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10845.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10845.txt

        item: #477 of 5668
          id: crl-10847
      author: Hicks, Warren B.
       title: Open or Closed Stacks?
        date: 1954-06-30
       words: 7296
      flesch: 110
     summary: A n o t h e r i n t e r e s t i b r a r i e s h a v e both c u r r e n t a n d b o u n d copies on open shelves.
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10847.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10847.txt

        item: #478 of 5668
          id: crl-10848
      author: Paylore, Patricia
       title: The Chief Librarian and Book Knowledge
        date: 1954-06-30
       words: 7383
      flesch: 104
     summary: f i n g flood of s e c o n d - r a t e c u r r e n t s f r i t t e r i n g a w a y of JULY, 1954 315 f u n d s w i t h o u t perceptible plan o r r e g a r d f o
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10848.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10848.txt

        item: #479 of 5668
          id: crl-10849
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: Librarians as Bookmen
        date: 1954-06-30
       words: 24650
      flesch: 107
     summary: JULY, 1954 32 7 t h e l e t t e r , t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s b y t h e r e s p o n - d e n t s i o n h a s been r e - c o r d e d a n d p r e s e r v e d to be a b l e not only to i n t e r p r e t
    keywords: e e; e n; e s; h e; r e; r o; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10849.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10849.txt

        item: #480 of 5668
          id: crl-10852
      author: Shera, Jesse H.
       title: The Core of Education for Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1954-06-30
       words: 7984
      flesch: 98
     summary: o n a l practice to educa- tional theory w a s in e r r o r . e I n t e r p r e t a t
    keywords: e r; e s; r o; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10852.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10852.txt

        item: #481 of 5668
          id: crl-10855
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Brief of Minutes Association of Research Libraries January 31, 1954, Madison, Wisconsin; Notes from the ACRL Office; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1954-06-30
       words: 27653
      flesch: 102
     summary: If so, they a r e in e r r o r . T h e c u r r e
    keywords: e e; e r; e s; h e; n e; o r; r r; r s; r t; r y; t e; t o
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10855.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10855.txt

        item: #482 of 5668
          id: crl-10856
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: ACRL Microcard Series: Abstracts of Titles
        date: 1954-06-30
       words: 8798
      flesch: 102
     summary: u s c u r r i c u l u m a r e a s . T h e r e is a short preliminary chapter, f o l l o w e d by three chapters wherein each topic is treated chronologically, and a sec- tion
    keywords: e r; e s; r o; s s; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10856.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10856.txt

        item: #483 of 5668
          id: crl-10857
      author: Altick, Richard D.
       title: The Scholar's Paradise
        date: 1954-10-01
       words: 14897
      flesch: 108
     summary: I t is especially r e g r e t t a b l e that so m a n y people in the top echelons of l i T h e r e is n e v e r ,
    keywords: e n; e r; n t; r o; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10857.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10857.txt

        item: #484 of 5668
          id: crl-10858
      author: Metcalf, Keyes D.
       title: Why We Need to be Investigated
        date: 1954-10-01
       words: 12772
      flesch: 111
     summary: w o u l d be less i n t e r e s t i f o u n d in most of these p r o b l e m s — are so i n t e r e s
    keywords: e r; r o; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10858.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10858.txt

        item: #485 of 5668
          id: crl-10860
      author: Shores, Louis
       title: Audio-Visual Dimensions for an Academic Library
        date: 1954-10-01
       words: 10364
      flesch: 110
     summary: F o r t h e r e is c o T h e r e is n o
    keywords: r e; r t; t e; t o
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10860.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10860.txt

        item: #486 of 5668
          id: crl-10861
      author: Whitby, Thomas J.
       title: Development of the System of Legal Deposit in the U.S.S.R.
        date: 1954-10-01
       words: 16012
      flesch: 105
     summary: r d e t e r - m i i n g basis the collection of the entire mass of c u r r e n t p u
    keywords: e n; e r; e s; n t; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10861.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10861.txt

        item: #487 of 5668
          id: crl-10864
      author: Breitenbach, Edgar
       title: Letter from Germany
        date: 1954-10-01
       words: 12757
      flesch: 113
     summary: i t t h e r e a d e r s ; t h e r e is f r e q u e n t l y a l a c k of i n t e r e s t o n t h t h s o m e i n t e r e s t
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10864.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10864.txt

        item: #488 of 5668
          id: crl-10865
      author: Randall, G. E.
       title: Practicality of Coordinate Indexing
        date: 1954-10-01
       words: 9577
      flesch: 112
     summary: A s e a r c h e r i n t e r e s t e d in b r o n z e b e a r i n p o r t s t h e r e a r e o v e r 1 , 5 0 0 s u b j e c t c a r d s filed b
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10865.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10865.txt

        item: #489 of 5668
          id: crl-10867
      author: Johnson, Carl L.
       title: Henry W. Longfellow, Librarian
        date: 1954-10-01
       words: 12901
      flesch: 112
     summary: g f e l l o w . 1 2 T h r e e o t h e r a u t h h i s a r t i c l e , h o w - e v e r , t o t r e
    keywords: e e; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10867.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10867.txt

        item: #490 of 5668
          id: crl-10868
      author: Simpson, Mary Lofton
       title: An Experiment in Acquisitions with the Lamont Library List
        date: 1954-10-01
       words: 10331
      flesch: 114
     summary: i t e r a t u r e r e v e a l e d a i n t e r e s t s o f s t u
    keywords: t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10868.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10868.txt

        item: #491 of 5668
          id: crl-10869
      author: Eells, Walter Crosby
       title: Libraries in the Universities of the World
        date: 1954-10-01
       words: 6806
      flesch: 106
     summary: p o r t e p o r t e
    keywords: e r; e s; h e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10869.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10869.txt

        item: #492 of 5668
          id: crl-10872
      author: Osborn, Andrew D.
       title: Periodicals and Serials, Their Treatment in Special Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1954-10-01
       words: 7409
      flesch: 109
     summary: o i n t in c u r r e n t w o r l d politics. i a r and c u r r e n t k n o w l e d
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10872.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10872.txt

        item: #493 of 5668
          id: crl-10873
      author: Lehmann-Haupt, Hellmut
       title: Books About Books: the Anglo-American Tradition (Book Reviews)
        date: 1954-10-01
       words: 7301
      flesch: 109
     summary: T o speak of m o r e r e c e n t aspects of these r e l a t e i n t e r p r e t a t
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10873.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10873.txt

        item: #494 of 5668
          id: crl-10874
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: Recent Foreign books on the Graphic Arts, Bibliography, and Library Science (Book Reviews)
        date: 1954-10-01
       words: 8939
      flesch: 106
     summary: i s bibliography included periodicals c u r r e n t in 1939 ( w i t h subsequent title changes indi- c a t e d ) as w e l l as n e w ones. f e a t u r e is the adequate c o v e r a g e of Slavic materials, although there is s o m e r o o m f o r expansion in the field of H
    keywords: e r; h e; r o; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10874.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10874.txt

        item: #495 of 5668
          id: crl-10880
      author: Hazen, Allen T.
       title: Historians, Books, and Libraries: a Survey of Historical Scholarship in Relation to Library Resources, Organization and Services (Book Review)
        date: 1954-10-01
       words: 6610
      flesch: 108
     summary: a n d it is a list n o t r e The Union List of Foreign Medical Peri- odicals is a f u r t h e r c o n t r i
    keywords: r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10880.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10880.txt

        item: #496 of 5668
          id: crl-10882
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Brief of Minutes ACRL Board of Directors; ACRL General Session Minutes; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1954-10-01
       words: 58861
      flesch: 108
     summary: T h e o r r e r y , o r m e c h o u s e o r r e r y , u p o n
    keywords: e d; e e; e l; e n; e o; e r; e s; o n; r o; r r; r t; t e; t o; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10882.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10882.txt

        item: #497 of 5668
          id: crl-10884
      author: Bennett, Fleming
       title: Audio-Visual Services in Colleges and Universities in the United States
        date: 1955-01-01
       words: 10766
      flesch: 98
     summary: A C R L C o m m i t t e e on A u T h e r e is no ready expla- nation
    keywords: e r; t e; t h; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10884.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10884.txt

        item: #498 of 5668
          id: crl-10887
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1953-1954
        date: 1955-01-01
       words: 10515
      flesch: 101
     summary: b y F o r r e s t R . n g the textile and related fields in their c u r r e n t and historic, domestic and foreign, g e n e r a l and specialized aspects.
    keywords: e n; e r; e s; h e; r t; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10887.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10887.txt

        item: #499 of 5668
          id: crl-10889
      author: Hulbert, James A.
       title: Development of Reference Work, USIS Library, Paris
        date: 1955-01-01
       words: 14994
      flesch: 107
     summary: b ) G e n e r a l s u r v e y s of c u r r e n t C u r r e n t A m e r i c a n m a t e r i a l s like n e w s p a p e r s , g o v e r n m e n t pub- lications, and special reports of g o v e r n - m e n t a l and p r i v a t e agencies m a y be in de- m a n d in F r a n c e a l m o s t as q u i c k l y as in the U
    keywords: e n; e r; m e; r o; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10889.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10889.txt

        item: #500 of 5668
          id: crl-10890
      author: Knapp, Patricia A.
       title: The College Librarian: Sociology of a Professional Specialization
        date: 1955-01-01
       words: 11122
      flesch: 105
     summary: i o n is b e t t e r t h a n a n s are c u r r e n t l
    keywords: e r; t e; t r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10890.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10890.txt

        item: #501 of 5668
          id: crl-10892
      author: Hamlin, Arthur T.
       title: The ACRL Annual Report, 1953-54
        date: 1955-01-01
       words: 9403
      flesch: 83
     summary: a r u n d e r r e i n s t e r College, N e w Wilmington, Pennsylvania, secretary-treas- u r e r ; M i s s Rose Demorest, librarian of the Pennsylvania Room,
    keywords: e r; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10892.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10892.txt

        item: #502 of 5668
          id: crl-10893
      author: Barton, Mary N.
       title: Basic Reference Sources: An Introduction to Materials and Methods (Book Review)
        date: 1955-01-01
       words: 1445
      flesch: 53
     summary: An introductory chapter, The Practice of Reference, treats very briefly the place of reference work in library organization, with definitions and explanations of the six com- ponent functions. Chapter 18, The Sciences, is the work of Helen Folke of Western Reserve University, who introduces the student competently to a few of the principal sources and characteris- tics of reference work in the field.
    keywords: reference; titles; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10893.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10893.txt

        item: #503 of 5668
          id: crl-10895
      author: Eatenson, Ervin
       title: Financial Public Relations: For the Business Corporation (Book Review)
        date: 1955-01-01
       words: 1439
      flesch: 44
     summary: An institution should know the traits which designate it a public character, and these qualities should be employed to advantage when public relations plans are being con- ceived. The error made most frequently is to as- sume that public relations need only be used for matters warranting a newspaper story.
    keywords: library; public; relations
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10895.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10895.txt

        item: #504 of 5668
          id: crl-10899
      author: Fussier, Herman H.
       title: Challenges to Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1955-01-01
       words: 1440
      flesch: 56
     summary: It boldly points out the fact that few studies in library service give cold facts; we all are much too often satisfied with opinions and guesses. Some attention is also given to national and international cooperation in library service, but, except for a number of citations to li- brary literature, there is no discussion of the part played by subject specialists and refer- ence librarians in assisting researchers.
    keywords: librarianship; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10899.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10899.txt

        item: #505 of 5668
          id: crl-10900
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: Methods of Research: Educational, Psychological, Sociological (Book Review)
        date: 1955-01-01
       words: 714
      flesch: 53
     summary: College and Research Libraries the general position, attitudes, or knowledge of some major segment of the profession, as distinguished from the personal views of the author, varies from paper to paper. Chicago, American Library Association, 1954.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10900.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10900.txt

        item: #506 of 5668
          id: crl-10902
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: College and University Library Statistics, 1953-54
        date: 1955-01-01
       words: 17460
      flesch: 99
     summary: 3. Arkansas, Conway, State Teachers College 30Je54 4. California, Areata, Humboldt State College 30Je54 5. California, Chico, State College 30Je54 6. California, Fresno, State College 30Je54 7. California, Sacramento, State College 30Je54 8. California, San Francisco, State College 30Je54 9. Colorado, Greeley, State College of Education 30S54 10. Alabama, Jacksonville, State Teachers College $4,100.00 2. Alabama, Troy, State Teachers College 4,700.00 3. Arkansas, Conway, State Teachers College 4. California, Areata, Humboldt State College 7,728.00 5. California, Chico, State College 7,728.00 6. California, Fresno, State College 7,728.00 7. California, Sacramento, State College 7,728.00 8. California, San Francisco, State College 7,728.00 9. Colorado, Greeley, State College of Education 4,700.00 10.
    keywords: college; state; state college; state teachers; teachers college; total
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10902.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10902.txt

        item: #507 of 5668
          id: crl-10903
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Junior College Library Statistics
        date: 1955-01-01
       words: 3508
      flesch: 96
     summary: Jr. Coll., Calif. Cost 1,652 952 1,102 252 600 250 50 0 40 30 261 73 35 284 49 30 10 40 9 75 11 40 9 38 10 Morton, Jr. Coll., Sterling, 111 Mt. Vernon Jr. Coll., Wash., D .
    keywords: coll
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10903.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10903.txt

        item: #508 of 5668
          id: crl-10904
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: ACRL Treasurers Report and ALA Accommodation Account, 1953-54; Notes from the ACRL Office; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1955-01-01
       words: 24409
      flesch: 91
     summary: u s it is that the m a t t e r of the direction of educational change has fallen between two stools (sic) with tne result that it has been determined largely by p r e s s u r e r a t h e r t h a n by planning, by outside influence r a t h e r t h a n by statesmanship. b e r 6, 1954, by P e t e r M u r r a y H
    keywords: e l; e n; e r; h e; l l; l o; o n; o r; r l; r r; r s; r t; r y; t e; t h; t o; u r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10904.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10904.txt

        item: #509 of 5668
          id: crl-10908
      author: Kuhn, Warren B.
       title: New Mexico's Undergraduate Library--Three Years Later
        date: 1955-04-01
       words: 6941
      flesch: 78
     summary: T h e r e is one artist whose w o r k and life can be looked upon as symbols of man's fate in the industrial revolution. T h e r e is Joseph H .
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10908.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10908.txt

        item: #510 of 5668
          id: crl-10909
      author: Perry, J. W.; Kent, Allen; Berry, M. M.
       title: Mechanized Literature Searching--A Progress Report
        date: 1955-04-01
       words: 10381
      flesch: 104
     summary: E x a m p l e s of such w o r d s are t h e r m o m e t e r ( h e a t , m e a s u r e ) , and f o r heat, m e t e r or m e t r i c f o r measure, l y s
    keywords: e n; e r; t e; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10909.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10909.txt

        item: #511 of 5668
          id: crl-10911
      author: Eaton, Thelma
       title: Classification in College and University Libraries
        date: 1955-04-01
       words: 11506
      flesch: 94
     summary: l u m e s a r e t h e r e in w o u l d consider if he w e r e sending out his questionnaire today.
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10911.pdf
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        item: #512 of 5668
          id: crl-10912
      author: Parker, Wyman W.
       title: The Library in the Liberal Arts College
        date: 1955-04-01
       words: 11397
      flesch: 108
     summary: n d o u s s t r e n g t h and even m o r e t r e m e G E T H E R t o
    keywords: e n; e r; n t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10912.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10912.txt

        item: #513 of 5668
          id: crl-10913
      author: Davidson, John S.
       title: Literary Society Libraries at Muhlenberg College
        date: 1955-04-01
       words: 8496
      flesch: 105
     summary: M o s t i n t e r e s t T h e r e a f t e r , t h r o u g h 1904, each a n
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10913.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10913.txt

        item: #514 of 5668
          id: crl-10920
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Notes from the ACRL Office; News from the Field; Brief of Minutes ACRL Board of Directors; General Considerations on Catalog Code Revision; Personnel
        date: 1955-04-01
       words: 30998
      flesch: 89
     summary: Shipman presented the last q u a r t e r l y r e p o r t of the t r e a s u r e r . O t t e m i l l e r r e
    keywords: e l; e r; e s; h e; l l; m e; m r; n e; n t; r d; r l; r n; r o; r s; r t; r y; s t; t e; t h; t o; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10920.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10920.txt

        item: #515 of 5668
          id: crl-10922
      author: Swank, Raynard C.; Moore, Everett T.; Madden, Henry Miller
       title: Assignment Abroad - Report on the Library of the University of the Philippines; Teaching in the Japan Library School; Impressions of Librarianship in Austria
        date: 1955-06-30
       words: 15857
      flesch: 79
     summary: Bataan Peninsula and C o r r e a y l o r , formerly of the T e r r i t o r i a l L i b r a r y of H a - waii, w h o served as librarian.
    keywords: e r; h e; r o; s t; t e; t h; t o; t r; w e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10922.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10922.txt

        item: #516 of 5668
          id: crl-10923
      author: Muller, Robert H.
       title: Microfilming Services of Large University and Research libraries in the United States
        date: 1955-06-30
       words: 9818
      flesch: 107
     summary: a v e in- s t a l l e d m o r e e x p e n s i v e c o n t w o r k f o r libraries w e r e the R e c o r d
    keywords: e r; r o; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10923.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10923.txt

        item: #517 of 5668
          id: crl-10925
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1954-1955
        date: 1955-06-30
       words: 10658
      flesch: 93
     summary: T h e r e are many quotations w i t h exact reference to sources. T h e r e are no population statistics given in the gazetteer.
    keywords: e n; e r; h e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10925.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10925.txt

        item: #518 of 5668
          id: crl-10927
      author: McMullen, Haynes
       title: American University Libraries, 1955-2005
        date: 1955-06-30
       words: 9859
      flesch: 105
     summary: i n t e r r u p t the train of t h T h e r e is still a n o t h e r principle
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10927.pdf
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        item: #519 of 5668
          id: crl-10928
      author: Herrick, Mary D.; Hill, Adelaide C.
       title: Problem of Bibliographical Control for an Area Research Program
        date: 1955-06-30
       words: 8736
      flesch: 106
     summary: i a r b u r e a u c r a t i c head- aches become t h e o r d e r of the d a y . d d e n contri- butions be f u r t h e r a v
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10928.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10928.txt

        item: #520 of 5668
          id: crl-10932
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: Recent Foreign Books on the Graphic Arts, Bibliography, and Library Science (Book Review)
        date: 1955-06-30
       words: 10370
      flesch: 83
     summary: F o r example, stu- dents of the modern Spanish stage may w e l l be annoyed to find nothing since Breton de los H e r r e r o s and Hartzenbusch. o u g h Frederick Lange Grundtvig, bans Dag og Daad (Copenhagen, Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1954; 86 pages) is not bibliography or library science, it would be improper f o r the c u r r e
    keywords: e r; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10932.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10932.txt

        item: #521 of 5668
          id: crl-10934
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Notes from the ACRL Office; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1955-06-30
       words: 15513
      flesch: 88
     summary: R E V E R E A f t e r lunch the chapter members toured the library, visited informally, and w a l k e d around the grounds, which are as beautiful as any I have ever seen and which w e r e at their very best on this bright, mild M a y day.
    keywords: d e; e n; e r; h e; l l; n t; o r; r t; r y; t e; t h; t o
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10934.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10934.txt

        item: #522 of 5668
          id: crl-10940
      author: Grazier, Robert T.
       title: The Graduate Assistant Program at the University of Florida
        date: 1955-10-01
       words: 9292
      flesch: 104
     summary: p r o g r a m s , a l t h o u g h three of the f o u r i n t e r r u p t e p l i c a n t s h a d , or w e r e c u r r e
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10940.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10940.txt

        item: #523 of 5668
          id: crl-10941
      author: Schreiber, Louis
       title: A Unique Friends of the Library Group
        date: 1955-10-01
       words: 6933
      flesch: 107
     summary: W e are c u r r e n t l y p r o d u i o n a l W o m e n ' s C o m m i t t e e of B r a n
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10941.pdf
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        item: #524 of 5668
          id: crl-10943
      author: Haykin, David Judson
       title: Book Classification and the Problem of Change
        date: 1955-10-01
       words: 9111
      flesch: 105
     summary: i n of e r r o r and to accept less t h a n the f u l l effectiveness of class n u m - bers. u s l y in connection w i t h its economic aspects) in the 2 n d t h r o u g h the 9 t h edition, and w a t e r r i g h t s t h e r e a f t e r ; 2 )
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10943.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10943.txt

        item: #525 of 5668
          id: crl-10948
      author: Kurth, William H.
       title: A Proposed Cost of Books Index and Cost of Periodicals Index
        date: 1955-10-01
       words: 10589
      flesch: 106
     summary: i o n a l c u r r e n c y . r in t h e n a t i o n a l c u r r e n c y , c o n v e r t e d t o U .
    keywords: d e; e r; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10948.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10948.txt

        item: #526 of 5668
          id: crl-10957
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Notes from the ACRL Office; Brief of Minutes - ACRL General Session: ACRL Board of Directors; AV Clearing House; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1955-10-01
       words: 35053
      flesch: 93
     summary: Shipman, A C R L t r e a s u r e r , a brief financial report w a s given by L e o M . 400.00 Annuities f o r Executive Secretary 420.00 T r a v e l 1,400.00 Conference 100.00 Postage 400.00 Stationery and supplies 400.00 Telephone and telegraph 125.00 Equipment 150.00 Elections 250.00 A C R L Membership in other organizations 70.00 Officers' Expense 775-00 President—miscellaneous 25.00 — t r a v e l 700.00 T r e a s u r e r — m i s c e l l a n e o u s 50.00 Committee Allocations 600.00 Section Allocations 800.00 College 75-00 Junior C o l l e g e 150.00 P u r e and Applied Science 100.00 Reference 300.00 T e a c h e r T r a
    keywords: d e; e e; e n; e r; e s; h e; l e; l l; m e; m r; n t; o n; o r; r r; r s; r t; r y; t e; t h; t o; t t; u r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10957.pdf
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        item: #527 of 5668
          id: crl-10958
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: ACRL Micro Card Series Abstracts of Titles
        date: 1955-10-01
       words: 5790
      flesch: 110
     summary: o r t h e o r t h e
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10958.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10958.txt

        item: #528 of 5668
          id: crl-10959
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: Bimonthly and Future Program of College and Research Libraries
        date: 1956-01-01
       words: 4374
      flesch: 101
     summary: e i n t e r e s t s h T h e r e was an especially strong following for Selected Reference Books, New Periodicals, Reviews, and News f r o m the Field.
    keywords: e s; r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10959.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10959.txt

        item: #529 of 5668
          id: crl-10960
      author: Abbott, John C.; Kaser, David
       title: The Coordination of Faculty Services
        date: 1956-01-01
       words: 5063
      flesch: 97
     summary: T h e r e seems to be an assumption that he is mature, that he has fulfilled his re- search apprenticeship, and that he ought to know how to get what he wants out of a collection of books. T h e r e are probably more people with advanced subject training working in libraries today then ever before.
    keywords: h e; r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10960.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10960.txt

        item: #530 of 5668
          id: crl-10961
      author: Jacob, Emerson
       title: The Use of TAAB in Out-of-Print Book Searching
        date: 1956-01-01
       words: 6676
      flesch: 105
     summary: A n i n t e r e s t i T h e r e is, h
    keywords: e e; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10961.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10961.txt

        item: #531 of 5668
          id: crl-10962
      author: Sanford, John Albert; Theriault, Frederick R.
       title: Problems in the Application of Uniterm Coordinate Indexing
        date: 1956-01-01
       words: 9147
      flesch: 106
     summary: a c h i n e s o r t e r . T h e r e are, no doubt, more problems which we shall encounter as time goes on, b u t these are all the difficulties which we have met so far.
    keywords: e e; e r; h e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10962.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10962.txt

        item: #532 of 5668
          id: crl-10964
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1954-1955
        date: 1956-01-01
       words: 12278
      flesch: 102
     summary: d m o r e t e c h T h e r e is a n
    keywords: d e; e e; e n; e r; h e; n t; r t; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10964.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10964.txt

        item: #533 of 5668
          id: crl-10968
      author: Luckett, George R.
       title: Classification Schedules BB-BK: Aeronautical Art and Science (Book Review)
        date: 1956-01-01
       words: 7497
      flesch: 109
     summary: Dewey t h e p r o b l e m is m o r e c o m p l e x , m a k i n g classifiers r e g r e t t h a t we Every aspect of t h e t e c h n i c a l r e p o r t is t r e a t e d , f r o m w
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10968.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10968.txt

        item: #534 of 5668
          id: crl-10972
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Presidential Notes; A-V Clearing House; Notes from the ACRL Office
        date: 1956-01-01
       words: 11766
      flesch: 105
     summary: t e r e s t corpo- r a t e I a m also i n t e r e s t e d in this type of e x p e r i e n c e because I believe A C R L s h o u l d p r o m o t e this p r o
    keywords: e e; e r; n t; r o; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10972.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10972.txt

        item: #535 of 5668
          id: crl-10973
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1956-01-01
       words: 19960
      flesch: 107
     summary: n t e r e s d i n t e r e s t
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; h e; r o; r t; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10973.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10973.txt

        item: #536 of 5668
          id: crl-10975
      author: Russel, John H.
       title: The Library Self-Survey
        date: 1956-03-01
       words: 3513
      flesch: 66
     summary: T h e r e are many instances on record of objectives which have been set by a n d for college libraries. T h e college library has no raison d'etre apart
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10975.pdf
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        item: #537 of 5668
          id: crl-10977
      author: Perry, J. W.
       title: Research Libraries in South Africa
        date: 1956-03-01
       words: 5088
      flesch: 72
     summary: T h e library of the Royal So- ciety of South Africa is housed in the university library and their amalga- mated holdings of scientific journals and of the proceedings of learned societies from all parts of the world are perhaps the best quarry we have for the natural scientist. T h e library of the Bolus Herbarium is a fine collection of systematic botany containing many pre-Hookerian im- prints.
    keywords: library; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10977.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10977.txt

        item: #538 of 5668
          id: crl-10980
      author: Brown, Edna Mae
       title: New Periodicals of 1955--Part II
        date: 1956-03-01
       words: 8014
      flesch: 107
     summary: o s t in- t e r e s t i n g a n d p r o T h e r e will b e s u m m a r i e s of d
    keywords: e r; h e; n t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10980.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10980.txt

        item: #539 of 5668
          id: crl-10982
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: Problems and Prospects of the Research Library (Book Review)
        date: 1956-03-01
       words: 10535
      flesch: 109
     summary: e r t h e o i n t e r e s t e d in r a d
    keywords: e r; h e; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10982.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10982.txt

        item: #540 of 5668
          id: crl-10983
      author: Ditzion, Sidney
       title: Serial Publications; Their Place and Treatment in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1956-03-01
       words: 8076
      flesch: 110
     summary: o n h e r e as well as in t h e t r e a t m b o o k can?), b u t it does cover all phases of t h e serials axis save o n e — t h e t r a i
    keywords: h e; r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10983.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10983.txt

        item: #541 of 5668
          id: crl-10984
      author: Swank, R. C.
       title: Report on the Harvard University Library: a Study of Present and Prospective Problems (Book Review)
        date: 1956-03-01
       words: 7573
      flesch: 109
     summary: F u r t h e r , it m a y be said t h a t , a f t e r all, t h e r e is very l o n h e r e as well as in t h e t r e a t m
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10984.pdf
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        item: #542 of 5668
          id: crl-10986
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Notes from the ACRL Office; Brief of Minutes - ACRL Membership Meeting; A-V Clearing House; News From the Field; Personnel
        date: 1956-03-01
       words: 30551
      flesch: 109
     summary: o n s u n d e r t h e r e c o m m e n d a t i n t e r e s t
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; h e; n t; r o; r t; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10986.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10986.txt

        item: #543 of 5668
          id: crl-10989
      author: McNeal, Archie L.
       title: Ratio of Professional to Clerical Staff
        date: 1956-04-30
       words: 4541
      flesch: 83
     summary: At this point it might be well to esti- mate the disadvantages attendant u p o n entry into the library profession without formal library school training. Thus, with an ef- fective professional staff, a reasonable number of clerical personnel, and stu- dent assistants as available and needed, there would be a much sounder person- nel program, and evaluation would be simplified.
    keywords: clerical; professional
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10989.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-10989.txt

        item: #544 of 5668
          id: crl-10992
      author: Van Buren, Martin
       title: Interior Planning of College and University Libraries
        date: 1956-04-30
       words: 3812
      flesch: 58
     summary: It is h o p e d that they will serve as an aid in organizing and ap- proaching the arduous task of coordinat- ing the interiors with the remaining phases of library planning. o o d or bad taste, is of course an arbi- trary question that w o u l d lead only to endless debate.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10992.pdf
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        item: #545 of 5668
          id: crl-10993
      author: Cole, Dorothy Ethlyn
       title: Library School Studies, 1954-55
        date: 1956-04-30
       words: 1910
      flesch: 74
     summary: History of Jefferson Med- ical College Library, 1898-1953. Ursinus College Library, 1869-1953.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10993.pdf
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        item: #546 of 5668
          id: crl-10994
      author: Hamlin, Arthur T.
       title: The ACRL Annual Report, 1954-55
        date: 1956-04-30
       words: 6681
      flesch: 67
     summary: If so, college libraries will operate under the spotlight of investigations, front- page publicity, and the speeches and papers of both politicians and research workers. Finally, with expansion facing us at every turn, we likewise have a crisis in staff to operate college libraries.
    keywords: e e; h e; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10994.pdf
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        item: #547 of 5668
          id: crl-10996
      author: Merritt, LeRoy Charles
       title: The Process and Effects of Mass Communication (Book Review)
        date: 1956-04-30
       words: 3225
      flesch: 64
     summary: A suc- cinct summary of that analysis proving elu- sive, it is presented here as possibly consti- tuting evidence of the extent of progress in the field of communication research and thinking during a six-year period. N o t long after beginning the reading of this volume a strong sense of having been over all of this ground before stimulated re- call of the fact that the same editor and the same press had produced two previous an- thologies of material in the general field of mass communication.
    keywords: t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-10996.pdf
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        item: #548 of 5668
          id: crl-11000
      author: Silver, Rollo G.
       title: The Evolution of Cambridge Publishing (Book Review)
        date: 1956-04-30
       words: 1435
      flesch: 57
     summary: Although the university press at Cambridge has printed books since the sixteenth century, its publishing activities are fairly recent. Unlike the editors of Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, those Cantabrigians who guide the Sandars Lectures in Bibliography are well aware that bibliography is neither confined to the history or description of books and manuscripts, nor to lists of writings.
    keywords: publishing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11000.pdf
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        item: #549 of 5668
          id: crl-11001
      author: Mearns, David C.
       title: A History of Bibliographies of Bibliographies (Book Review)
        date: 1956-04-30
       words: 690
      flesch: 54
     summary: T o Conrad Gesner's Pandectae (1548) he gives credit for an auspicious beginning of a very difficult aspect of bibliography, and for constituting the first modern bibliog- raphy of bibliographies, which aimed at comprehensiveness and included works of all ages as far as they came to his knowledge. Bibliographies of Bibliographies A History of Bibliographies of Bibliographies.
    keywords: bibliographies
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11001.pdf
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        item: #550 of 5668
          id: crl-11002
      author: Danton, J. Periam
       title: Books, Libraries, Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1956-04-30
       words: 2233
      flesch: 63
     summary: Of course, this is not at all to quarrel with the anthologist's right to select as his judgment directs, provided his bases of se- lection are good, nor in any way to deny Mr. Marshall's statement: It is inevitable in a volume such as this that someone's very favorite piece of library literature will have been omitted. While it is true that all classifiers will agree on the class for most books, many classifiers will disagree on the class of many books, re- gardless of the editors' intentions.
    keywords: books
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11002.pdf
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        item: #551 of 5668
          id: crl-11003
      author: Roberts, Joseph R.
       title: Book Classification and the Problem of Change: A Reply
        date: 1956-04-30
       words: 1188
      flesch: 62
     summary: However, if Mr. Haykin did not mean to imply that no changes should be made in the Dewey Clas- sification schedules by individual libraries, he should have expanded his article a little. Since general books on the subject of cotton in a small library usually cover at least two of these facets, it is better for them to have the subject confined to one class, say 633.5, with the possible exception of straight bo- tanical works, which it probably won't have anyway.
    keywords: library
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        item: #552 of 5668
          id: crl-11004
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Brief of Minutes - ACRL Board of Directors; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1956-04-30
       words: 13920
      flesch: 68
     summary: He left Illinois in 1941 to become successively associate director of libraries, Uni- versity of Georgia, 1 9 4 1 - 4 3 ; acting director, 1 9 4 3 - 4 6 ; and librarian, Air University Library, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, 1 9 4 6 - 4 8 . J O N A S , now a cataloger in the Yale University Library, is also a member of the German Department at Yale and a cu- rator of the Center of Maugham Studies in New Haven.
    keywords: e e; e r; h e; l e; librarian; library; n e; r l; r t; t e; t h; university
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        item: #553 of 5668
          id: crl-11007
      author: Born, Lester K.
       title: Universal Guide to Catalogs of Manuscripts and Inventories of Archival Collections: A Proposal for Cooperative Learning
        date: 1956-06-30
       words: 8625
      flesch: 89
     summary: A u g u s t e Pelzer, R e p e r t o i r e d ' i n c i p i t p o u r la l i t t e r a t u r e l a t i n e philosophique et t h e o l o g T h e t
    keywords: e r; e s; h e; n t; r o; t e; t h
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        item: #554 of 5668
          id: crl-11009
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1955-1956
        date: 1956-06-30
       words: 5274
      flesch: 64
     summary: Topics covered include, in addition to so- ciology and social work, the social aspects of biology, economics, law, medicine, etc. An author and title index is included, and brief annotations are provided in most cases. —E.G. Karrenberg, Friedrich.
    keywords: bibliography; new
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        item: #555 of 5668
          id: crl-11010
      author: Smits, Rudolph
       title: Obshchaia bibliografta. Uchebnoe posobie dlia uchashchikhsia bibliotechnykh tekhnikumov (Book Review)
        date: 1956-06-30
       words: 2079
      flesch: 55
     summary: College and Research Libraries Review Articles Bibliographic Controls in the Soviet Union Obshchaia bibliografta. Consequently, on August 3, 1920, this Com- missariat issued an order making it manda- tory to register any printed material, and by the same order set up the Russian Cen- tral Bibliographic Chamber (Rossiiskaia TSentral'naia knizhnaia palata).
    keywords: bibliographic; letopis; libraries
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        item: #556 of 5668
          id: crl-11011
      author: Marshall, John David
       title: Libraries in the Southwest: Their Growth—Strengths—Needs (Book Review)
        date: 1956-06-30
       words: 1393
      flesch: 54
     summary: Six papers were given at the conference which some five hundred librarians, trustees, and other friends of southwestern libraries attended. The final paper in this volume is Law- rence Clark Powell's discussion of T h e Re- 352 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES sponsibilities of Southern California in Southwestern Library Development in which he urges the establishment of a wholly new kind of regional library education program that will recognize the dual nature of library education: that what we teach is matched in importance by whom we teach it to.
    keywords: libraries; library; southwest
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        item: #557 of 5668
          id: crl-11015
      author: Harwell, Richard B.
       title: The Southeastern Interlibrary Research Facility
        date: 1956-08-31
       words: 3113
      flesch: 60
     summary: a. T o compile and keep up to date, either on cards or as a distributed, printed list, a complete and accurate record of the serial holdings of member libraries. b. T o compile and keep up to date, either on cards or as a distributed, printed list, a complete and accu- rate record of the newspaper hold- ings of member libraries.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #558 of 5668
          id: crl-11016
      author: Lyle, Guy R.
       title: Southern University Libraries in the Twentieth Century
        date: 1956-08-31
       words: 3289
      flesch: 60
     summary: When I think of a region in terms of university libraries, I think first of library cooperation. w defined, however, is limited to library cooperation between university libraries in Georgia and Flori- da; if the regional aims of the Southern Regional Education Board are to be car- ried out, S I R F should become a genu- inely regional library cooperative organ- ization.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #559 of 5668
          id: crl-11017
      author: Griffin, Lloyd W.; Kaplan, Louis
       title: Wisonsin's New University Library After Two Years
        date: 1956-08-31
       words: 3158
      flesch: 69
     summary: T h e bringing together of books and readers, previously mentioned, has been furthered by instituting a browsing col- lection of new fiction and nonfiction o n o p e n shelves in the main first floor reading r o o m . b o o k materials.
    keywords: library; no.l
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        item: #560 of 5668
          id: crl-11018
      author: Brown, Everett S.
       title: The Appendix to the Congressional Record
        date: 1956-08-31
       words: 1827
      flesch: 55
     summary: T h e Congressional Record appears in daily form, containing an account of the pro- ceedings of the previous day, and a semi- monthly index is issued. Eighty-third Congress, first session, from January 3, 1953, to August 3, 1953, the Congressional Record account of pro- ceedings totaled 11,202 pages and the Appendix 5,402 pages.
    keywords: congress; record
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        item: #561 of 5668
          id: crl-11020
      author: Clemons, John E.
       title: Teaching Bibliographic Sources and Styles to Graduate Students
        date: 1956-08-31
       words: 3566
      flesch: 52
     summary: At the same time, those sources that cut across all the subjects repre- sented in the curriculum are stressed in the hope that they will become common knowledge among research students. T h e incentive for the development of such a course in the curriculum of the Florida State University Graduate School was the widespread belief among faculty members that graduate students needed to become familiar with: (1) the bibiographic sources which are common to all research fields, the use of which is necessary to reflect an exhaustive and 1 Katherine S. Diehl, Formal Bibliography in the Upper Division, CRL, X V I (1955), 386. 2
    keywords: course; library; research; sources; students
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        item: #562 of 5668
          id: crl-11021
      author: Brown, Edna Mae
       title: New Periodicals of 1956--Part I
        date: 1956-08-31
       words: 3420
      flesch: 67
     summary: Graduate School of Business and Public Administration, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. v.l, no.l, June 1956. Maruzen Company, P.O. Box 605, Tokyo Central, Tokyo, v.l, no.l, March 1956.
    keywords: january; journal; new; no.l; university; v.l
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        item: #563 of 5668
          id: crl-11024
      author: Hamlin, Arthur T.
       title: The ACRL Grants for 1956
        date: 1956-08-31
       words: 3050
      flesch: 64
     summary: Last year grants went to the Catho- lic University of America and to Atlanta University, which are apparently the largest institutions on the list. It is, therefore, urged that institu- tions which apply for grants and which d o not meet that standard state the cir- sumstances or reasoning responsible for low library support.
    keywords: grants
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        item: #564 of 5668
          id: crl-11026
      author: Frick, Bertha M.
       title: The Future of the Book: Implications of the Newer Developments in Communication (Book Review)
        date: 1956-08-31
       words: 2009
      flesch: 59
     summary: Ob- viously it is aimed at the large, research li- brary and as such is concerned only with book content; but it does seem to assume that scholars are machines, albeit living. He traces the forms of books through their long history and connects such changes with functional requirements.
    keywords: book; catalog; library
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        item: #565 of 5668
          id: crl-11028
      author: Hirsch, Rudolf
       title: Fifteenth-Century Books in the Library of Howard Lehman Goodhart (Book Review)
        date: 1956-08-31
       words: 2084
      flesch: 60
     summary: The excellence of bibliographi- cal details and the form of publication de- serve study and imitation.—Rudolf Hirsch, University of Pennsylvania Library. Both catalogs will be useful in spite of their limi- tations.—Rudolf Hirsch, University of Pennsylvania Library.
    keywords: catalog; goodhart; instructions; library
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        item: #566 of 5668
          id: crl-11030
      author: Shaw, Ralph R.
       title: Machine Literature Searching (Book Review)
        date: 1956-08-31
       words: 2036
      flesch: 63
     summary: • K o r e a • L i b e r i a Mexico • Negro • Nigeria • Pakistan Peru The first chapter deals with the general background material and outlines machines searching requirements; the second covers the intellectual problems involved in prepar- ing material for machine searching and the types of indexing; the third, the conversion of indexes to make them more suitable for machines handling; the fourth, the methods used by the authors in collecting terms; the fifth, the method developed by the authors for attempting to systematize terminology for code development so that the specific terms will all be joined with generic broader terms; the sixth, the method for constructing a code to increase the effectiveness of machine searching; the seventh, the need for deter- mining uses to be made of the information so that the level of headings can be made suitable; the eighth, definition of the opera- tional criteria for determining whether a re- trieval system is efficient and evaluation of the retrieval system; the ninth, the operational characteristics of searching machines includ- ing such characteristics as ability to identify one or more patterns, interpretation of cer- tain patterns denoting the beginning and end of an organized sequence, ability to han- dle generic relationships as well as specifics, detection of logical relationships between criteria, etc.; the tenth and final essay in the reprinted group is a discussion of the factors underlying development of machine lan- guage.
    keywords: machine
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        item: #567 of 5668
          id: crl-11031
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Notes from the ACRL Office; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1956-08-31
       words: 11776
      flesch: 67
     summary: I seem to be attending 'Miss Mann's Library School.' London: Library Association, 1956.
    keywords: college; e r; librarian; library; new; r o; r t; university
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        item: #568 of 5668
          id: crl-11032
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Council on Learning Resources, Inc.
        date: 1956-11-01
       words: 3940
      flesch: 53
     summary: O N of the Council on Li-brary Resources, Inc., an organiza- tion whose purpose is to assist in solving the problems of libraries generally and of research libraries in particular, was an- nounced today, following its initial meet- ing at the Ambassador Hotel, New York, at which it elected officers and voted to accept a $5,000,000 grant of funds from the Ford Foundation to support its initial activities over a five-year period. T h e council's purpose is to assist in the solution of the problems of libraries gen- erally, but more especially of the prob- lems of research libraries, by conducting or supporting research, demonstrating new techniques and methods, and dis- seminating the results, through grants for these purposes to institutions or individ- uals or in other ways, by coordinating efforts to improve the resources and serv- ices of libraries, and by improving rela- tions between American and foreign li- braries and archives.
    keywords: council; libraries; library
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        item: #569 of 5668
          id: crl-11036
      author: Watson, Eugene P.
       title: Let's All Recruit!
        date: 1956-11-01
       words: 993
      flesch: 37
     summary: Arranging summer training courses Granting leaves of absence to subprofessional and clerical staff members so that they may attend library school Providing graduate scholarships for promis- ing students Providing working-scholarships for under- graduates, and giving them the advantage of participating in various types of work Media of Publicity Bulletin boards, posters, billboards, ex- hibits, pamphlets, leaflets, newspaper col- umns dealing with books, magazine articles in professional and nonprofessional maga- zines, magazine article reprints, newspaper articles, articles in school papers, letters, speeches and informal talks, oral book re- views, radio programs and skits, radio spot announcements, films, film trailers, film strips, slides, charts, photographs, models, and cartoons. Sending newsletters to college students who are interested in librarianship as a career Establishing loan funds and encouraging the giving of scholarships Sponsoring a library week during which boys and girls are invited to visit college and public libraries and learn about the types of work that are done in them Establishing speakers' bureaus Maintaining booths with recruiting materials at various group meetings and conventions O n the Local and Individual Level Displaying enthusiasm for and satisfaction and belief in librarianship Taking part in community interests and ac- tivities; being alert and dynamic; and ren- dering community service Giving courteous, friendly, intelligent service in every library; giving the type of service people want Keeping libraries attractive and inviting Presenting librarianship—the philosophy of library service—to prospects in a worth- while and attractive light Showing prospects the abundant personal and social rewards of librarianship Convincing parents and children that librar- ians make a good social contribution Having dinners or teas for librarians, teach- ers, high school students, and other young people who are interested in librarianship (have fun, but give them information about the profession)
    keywords: library; recruiting
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        item: #570 of 5668
          id: crl-11037
      author: Stevens, Rolland E.
       title: Loss of Books and Library Ownership Marks
        date: 1956-11-01
       words: 2903
      flesch: 64
     summary: The conclusion of this brief examina- tion of the use of library ownership marks is that the bookplate alone will serve all functions for which ownership marks are devised. Conceivably they could also help the library guards in checking on the removal of library books, except that the secret location of these 3 Thomas M. Johnson, Catching the Book Crooks, Saturday Review, July 24, 19S4, p. 6-7 + . marks will soon be known to most bor- rowers when these locations are repeated- ly checked by guards.
    keywords: books; library
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        item: #571 of 5668
          id: crl-11038
      author: Kurth, William H.
       title: Mexican Book Prices, 1950 and 1954 - A Note on the Cost of Books Index
        date: 1956-11-01
       words: 1580
      flesch: 70
     summary: This is a drop of about 22 per cent from the peso's 1950 level in terms of U. S. currency, a factor in itself tending to facilitate American library purchasing of Mexican books. Price trends in Mexico, except through the temporary distortion introduced by the devaluation of the peso in April, 1954, are probably typical of the other Latin-American book trades, with the possible exception of Ar- gentina, thus making a price comparison between 1950 and 1954 prices significant from the standpoint of libraries in the United States.
    keywords: price
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        item: #572 of 5668
          id: crl-11044
      author: Monroe, Margaret E.
       title: Audio-Visual Instruction in Library Education (Book Review)
        date: 1956-11-01
       words: 1484
      flesch: 55
     summary: This doctoral research study is based on an analysis of literature in the field, a survey of current practice, and an experimental pro- gram of audio-visual education at the School of Librarianship of the University of Cali- fornia, and is presented primarily as a report to library schools. Lieberman's opinion canvass among aca- demic librarians centers on the qualifications in the A-V area which library schools should develop in the inexperienced library school student.
    keywords: library; school
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        item: #573 of 5668
          id: crl-11045
      author: Ballou, Hubbard W.
       title: Microrecording: Industrial and Library Applications. (Book Review)
        date: 1956-11-01
       words: 1482
      flesch: 60
     summary: While recognizing the reluctance of a seg- ment of the library profession to assume re- sponsibilities in the uncharted waters of A-V, Dr. Lieberman's basic philosophy for academ- ic, public, and school libraries includes as essential the responsibility for acquiring, or- ganizing, administering, and stimulating use of all materials that record man's thought. He asks librarians to accept A-V materials as normal and to train library school students to provide and use them with an ease equal to that with which they serve readers with books.
    keywords: book; libraries; library
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        item: #574 of 5668
          id: crl-11046
      author: Wead, Eunice
       title: Kurze Geschichte der Handbuchbinderei in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika (Book Review)
        date: 1956-11-01
       words: 1484
      flesch: 66
     summary: A surprise of a different nature is the policy for dealing with faculty who put books on reserve which do not get read. The first volume in the general series of the great Yugoslav encyclopedia was issued late in 1955 under the title of Enciklopedija Leksikografskog Zavoda, including 720 double-columned pages and extending as far 524 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES
    keywords: binding; book; libraries
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        item: #575 of 5668
          id: crl-11051
      author: Waldeck, Fred
       title: Adolph Sutro's Lost Library
        date: 1957-01-01
       words: 2281
      flesch: 61
     summary: A bibliographic search for rarities in the lost Sutro Library was greatly facili- tated by the discovery of a card box marked: Incunabula destroyed in the Fire. The important Hebrew section contains some lovely scrolls, a Yemenite manuscript of the Middle Ages, allegedly a Maimonides manuscript, books of the 4 Richard H. Dillon, A Peek at Sutro Library, Book Clt~b of California.
    keywords: century; collection; libraries; library; sutro
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11051.pdf
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        item: #576 of 5668
          id: crl-11052
      author: Gray, Dwight E.
       title: Scientists and Government Research Information
        date: 1957-01-01
       words: 2884
      flesch: 46
     summary: The third minimum requirement-that of providing a consultation and steering service on Government scientific reports -is being met within the Foundation's Office of Scientific Information in a sec- tion called Government Research Infor- mation Clearinghouse. It also prepared, again on request, al- most 1,400 separate bibliographies of scientific reports listing a total of over 150,000 items.
    keywords: information; reports; research; scientific
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11052.pdf
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        item: #577 of 5668
          id: crl-11053
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1955-1956
        date: 1957-01-01
       words: 4832
      flesch: 60
     summary: Of major interest to scholars and research workers in the field of linguistics, this bibliog- raphy is primarily devoted to the question- naires employed in linguistic field work, al- thouo-h monographs concerned with related methbods of research, as well as those of his- torical interest, are also included. Part One deals with general reference works and lists grammars, dictionaries, etc., needed for the study of the French language.
    keywords: bibliography; english; guide; index; literature; new; volume; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11053.pdf
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        item: #578 of 5668
          id: crl-11054
      author: Bentz, Dale M.
       title: College and University Library Statistics, 1955-56
        date: 1957-01-01
       words: 27157
      flesch: 101
     summary: Book Stock Libraryl uate uate sion 1. Alabama, Troy, STC . ....... ............. . 2. Arizona, Flagstaff, STC .................. .
    keywords: california; college; library; mum; new; ohio; state; stc; student; total
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        item: #579 of 5668
          id: crl-11056
      author: Archer, H. Richard
       title: The American Book Collector (Book Review)
        date: 1957-01-01
       words: 1277
      flesch: 54
     summary: There have been brief articles on Australiana, Jack Lon- don a~ a Collectible Author, Eleven Ways to Spot a Forgery, Benjamin Franklin: American Book Collector, 1706-1956, and numerous others. Librarians who respect the field of books and want to aid in the support of a publica- tion which provides them with authoritative. well-written articles while keeping them in- formed about sales, collectors and biblio- graphical studies will understand why The American Book Coll.ector deserves a larger list of subscribers in the profession.- H. Richard Archer, R. R. Donnelley and Sons Co.
    keywords: american; book; library
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        item: #580 of 5668
          id: crl-11057
      author: Shera, J. H.
       title: Concepts of Historiography (Book Review)
        date: 1957-01-01
       words: 2243
      flesch: 55
     summary: Not since the publication of R. G. Colling- wood's The Idea of History, has this reviewer seen so clear and intelligent an analysis of the problem of historical scholarship. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the interconnectedness of events by portraying the scholarship that lies behind historical narrative, and to expose the pit- falls that may beset the student and reader of history.
    keywords: book; historiography; history; ideas
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        item: #581 of 5668
          id: crl-11058
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: ACRL News and Comment; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1957-01-01
       words: 8787
      flesch: 55
     summary: Duke University Library has made three appointments in the reference department: FLORENCE BLAKELY, head; MARY W. CANA- DA and MARY FRANCES MoRRIS, assistants . STANLEY A. SHEPARD is order librarian at Colgate University Library.
    keywords: acrl; ala; association; college; committee; librarian; libraries; library; new; program; reference; school; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11058.pdf
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        item: #582 of 5668
          id: crl-11059
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Books Received
        date: 1957-01-01
       words: 753
      flesch: 75
     summary: by Howell J. Heaney. Philadelphia: Free Library of Philadelphia, 1956. By !bert Mellan and Eleanor Mellan.
    keywords: new; york
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        item: #583 of 5668
          id: crl-11060
      author: Weber, David C.
       title: A Quagmire of Scientific Literature?
        date: 1957-03-01
       words: 3031
      flesch: 56
     summary: It should be evident, therefore, that unified bibliographical control over this variety of publishing forms is really the _ problem, and the difficulty is not caused by any form of informational freakish- ness which should force librarians or sci- entists to turn to machine storage in order to gain access to the material they need. Discussion as to the relative merits of card catalogs and storage machine fre- quently boils down to two capacities: high subject specificity and multiple sub- ject approach.
    keywords: card; library; literature; machine; subject
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        item: #584 of 5668
          id: crl-11061
      author: Dubester, Henry J.
       title: The Catalog-A Finding List?
        date: 1957-03-01
       words: 3701
      flesch: 57
     summary: grounds and to assume that the objective evidence of preliminary studies of reader behavior can justify courses of action questioned by the col- lective experience of reference librarians. They would ~implify ~at­ aloging by limitiqg the Infor~~t~on placed on th: catalog .entry o~ by .limiting the research Invested In secunng Informa- tion for the catalog entry; or they would reorganize the catalog in the di:ec.tio~ of eliminating entries.
    keywords: catalog; finding; librarian; library; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11061.pdf
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        item: #585 of 5668
          id: crl-11062
      author: Rift, Leo R.
       title: An Inexpensive Transaction Number Charging System With Book Record
        date: 1957-03-01
       words: 3904
      flesch: 78
     summary: It is of special interest to li- braries that are contemplating extensive reclassification, because book pockets and book cards have been eliminated. No book pocket or book card is needed.
    keywords: book; card; charge; number
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11062.pdf
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        item: #586 of 5668
          id: crl-11063
      author: Hocker, Margaret L
       title: Punched-Card Charging System For a Small College Library
        date: 1957-03-01
       words: 2977
      flesch: 74
     summary: Borrower fill out charging card with call number, author, title, signature, ad- dress, telephone number, and campus status. Charging cards are then filed in classification file.
    keywords: charges; charging; file
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11063.pdf
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        item: #587 of 5668
          id: crl-11064
      author: Richmond, Phyllis Allen
       title: The Subject Ph.D. and Librarianship
        date: 1957-03-01
       words: 3355
      flesch: 56
     summary: Others come to the decision after they have taken the de- gree and enter library school for the nec- essary training courses at a later date. Furthermore, as subject specialists they fill needs connected with the development of specialized collec- tions, and very likely it is as subject spe- cialists that most subject Ph.D.'s may ex- pect to find their forte in library work.
    keywords: field; librarianship; library; ph.d; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11064.pdf
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        item: #588 of 5668
          id: crl-11067
      author: Kaplan, Louis
       title: Sources for the Study of European Labor and Socialism (1840-1914) at Wisconsin
        date: 1957-03-01
       words: 2351
      flesch: 68
     summary: Books by Labor Leaders Generally speaking, books written by labor leaders are easier to purchase than are those by the theorists, for the reasons that most were published more recently and in circumstances that insure survi- val. An unusual item is the 1860 book on labor unions written by T. J. Dunning, declared by the Webbs to be the best exposition of trade unionism by a working man.
    keywords: books; collection; labor; wisconsin
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11067.pdf
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        item: #589 of 5668
          id: crl-11068
      author: Pritchard, Hugh
       title: Sources For the Study of European Labor and Socialism (1840-1914) at Wisconsin
        date: 1957-03-01
       words: 1795
      flesch: 51
     summary: s Is there reason to assume that the revi- s~on policy of other encyclopedias is more ngorous than that of Britannica? T HE POLICY OF THE continuOUS revi-sion of encyclopedias makes it neces- sary for the librarian to decide how often his library should replace a multi-volume encyclopedia.
    keywords: continuous; encyclopedia; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11068.pdf
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        item: #590 of 5668
          id: crl-11069
      author: Brown, Edna Mae
       title: New Periodicals of 1956 - Part II
        date: 1957-03-01
       words: 3584
      flesch: 67
     summary: Other articles include Development of Nuclear Energy in the United States, and Use of Atomic En- ergy in the Soviet Union. Bibliotheca C lassica Oriental is published by the In- stitut fiir Griechisch-Romanische Alter- tumskunde of the Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften contains reviews of books and abstracts of periodical articles on studies in classical antiquities which have been made in the USSR and the satellite countries.
    keywords: articles; frequency; journal; no.1; no.l; quarterly; v.l
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11069.pdf
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        item: #591 of 5668
          id: crl-11071
      author: Herrick, Mary Darrah
       title: The Classified Catalog, Basic Principles (Book Review)
        date: 1957-03-01
       words: 2287
      flesch: 59
     summary: We have now the finished work which Mr. Henkle in his Fore- word says will leave some unsatisfied, please others, but pr:ovide, he hopes, a useful study for those librarians interested in developing this type of catalog. Chapter One provides a synthesis of ideas and historical facts concerning objectives of catalogs, and arguments for and against tra- ditional forms.
    keywords: catalog; classification; classified
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11071.pdf
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        item: #592 of 5668
          id: crl-11072
      author: Drazic, Milimir
       title: Bibliography of Slavic Periodicals (Book Review)
        date: 1957-03-01
       words: 1436
      flesch: 60
     summary: parts: (1) literature in general, theory of literature, and comparative literature (94 pages); and (2) the history of the South Slavic literatures, A-K (pages 95-677). When complete, this bibliography will con- sist of about twenty- five volumes, of which the first fifteen will include: I-III , literature; IV-VII , Yugoslav literatures; VIII-XI , his- tory; XII-XIII, philology and foreign litera- tures; XIV and XV, art and the theater.
    keywords: bibliography; history; literature
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11072.pdf
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        item: #593 of 5668
          id: crl-11073
      author: Hirsch, Rudolf
       title: Printing and Publishing in Alsace (Book Review)
        date: 1957-03-01
       words: 1272
      flesch: 59
     summary: The first six chapters of Part II systemat- ically discuss the character and activities of Strasbourg sixteenth century enterprises. Alsace in general, and Strasbourg in particular, are key areas in the study of fifteenth and six- teenth century history.
    keywords: printing; strasbourg
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11073.pdf
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        item: #594 of 5668
          id: crl-11074
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: ACRL Foundation Grants Program; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1957-03-01
       words: 4063
      flesch: 58
     summary: PuBLICATIONS Princeton University Library has issued a collectors' edition of a hitherto unrecorded book, The Arte of Angling, first printed in London in 1577. Washington University Library at St. Louis, under the guidance of Professor Wil- liam Ringler of WU's English Department, has been collecting microfilms and photostats of English poetry manuscripts .
    keywords: college; grants; librarian; libraries; library; new; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11074.pdf
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        item: #595 of 5668
          id: crl-11075
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Books Received
        date: 1957-03-01
       words: 897
      flesch: 64
     summary: Cambridge: Har- vard University Library. Winchell, Constance M., Reference Librarian, Columbia University, New York. { Bennett, Fleming, Librarian, University of Arizona, Tucson.
    keywords: librarian; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11075.pdf
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        item: #596 of 5668
          id: crl-11076
      author: Downs, Robert B.
       title: Distribution of American Library Resources
        date: 1957-04-30
       words: 3225
      flesch: 93
     summary: ...... 289,355,391 138,867,606 150,487,785 108.36 concerning library centers, i.e., the rela- tive ranks of the centers and the number of volumes in each area in 1955 as com- pared to 1935, the increase in volumes, and the percentage of increase. When one turns from library centers to a consideration of the distribution of · resources by states, substantially the same patterns are repeated.
    keywords: centers; new; volumes
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11076.pdf
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        item: #597 of 5668
          id: crl-11077
      author: Esterquest, Ralph T.
       title: The MILC Chemical Abstracts Project
        date: 1957-04-30
       words: 1694
      flesch: 60
     summary: The member libraries member libraries, in order to increase the checked these 1,583 titles and reported to percentage of titles held by the group, the Center- this approach was not included in the program ultimately adopted on account of the extensive checking and reporting that would have been required. (Continued on page 216) 192 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES
    keywords: abstracts; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11077.pdf
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        item: #598 of 5668
          id: crl-11078
      author: Harvey, John F.
       title: Measuring Library Audio-Visual Activities
        date: 1957-04-30
       words: 3720
      flesch: 60
     summary: Purposes of Audio-Visual Statistics A list of possible reasons for collecting audio-visual data is in order here: I. Information may be needed for reports required by the local college president, college budget officer, public relations 194 . What analyses .of audio-visual data are likely to be helpful and meaningful and to be worth the effort made to collect them?
    keywords: audio; data; library; visual
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11078.pdf
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        item: #599 of 5668
          id: crl-11079
      author: Towne, Jackson E.
       title: The New Library Building at Michigan State University
        date: 1957-04-30
       words: 3559
      flesch: 67
     summary: From the first we felt that MSU's new library should be designed with several open-shelf reading rooms, divisional in scope, whatever the service costs might amount to. It has been suggested that an open- shelf, union reserve book room, with service organized somewhat like that in Russell Hall at Teachers College, would eliminate the short lines which do form in front of our Assigned Reading coun- ters at certain peak hours.
    keywords: building; college; library; rooms; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11079.pdf
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        item: #600 of 5668
          id: crl-11080
      author: Bauhuis, Walter
       title: German Dissertations: The Present Situation
        date: 1957-04-30
       words: 540
      flesch: 51
     summary: In 1951, pursuant to a recommendation of the Western German Librarians' Com- mittee on Dissertations and Microfilms (Verein Deutscher Bibliothekare, Kom- mission fiir Dissertations- und Mikro- filmfragen; chairman, Dr. Bauhuis), it was decided to change the distribution of the five copies as follows: two copies to the respective university library (one of them for interlibrary loan or for the respective Landesbibliothek), one copy to the Deutsche Bibliothek at Frankfurt/ Main as Western German center, one copy to the Deutsche Biicherei at Leip- zig as bibliographical center of all Ger- man dissertations, and one copy to the University Library at Berlin (East) as the historical collecting point for disser- tations. U nfor- tunately, not all Western German uni- versity libraries follow the recommended distribution, and therefore the Deutsche Bibliothek at Frankfurt/ Main does not receive all German dissertations.
    keywords: university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11080.pdf
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        item: #601 of 5668
          id: crl-11083
      author: Aschmann, Homer
       title: An Example of Censorship of A Scholarly Periodical
        date: 1957-04-30
       words: 2450
      flesch: 63
     summary: Other items censored were fourteen short reviews of books on geopolitics, military geography, those which ques- tioned the frontiers which placed Ger- man minorities in other countries, a category that might be identified as ir- redentist literature, and one review of a book on Spanish politics and the then ac- tive Spanish Civil War. If the title said something about geopolitics, or military geography, if the author was a well known member of Karl Haushofer's Geopolitical Insti- tute, or if the title said something about German minorities in Eastern Europe, the review was likely to be pasted over.
    keywords: censorship; germany; material; volumes
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11083.pdf
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        item: #602 of 5668
          id: crl-11084
      author: O'Brien, Brickford
       title: Russian Libraries- The Door Swings Open
        date: 1957-04-30
       words: 2991
      flesch: 58
     summary: Hope was strongly expressed that some kind of enduring tie might be formed with scholars of the West and that the ex- change of library materials might in- crease. The number of libraries in the Soviet 217 Union must be numbered in the thou- sands-~50,000, according to the British publication, The World of Learning.l Most of these are comparable to Amer- ican community and county libraries, but there are also large public libraries in each of the Republics, as well as great central repositories in Leningrad and Moscow.
    keywords: leningrad; libraries; library; sciences
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11084.pdf
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        item: #603 of 5668
          id: crl-11085
      author: Shaw, Ralph R.
       title: The Law of Literary Property (Book Review)
        date: 1957-04-30
       words: 654
      flesch: 64
     summary: Furthermore, the right of users to make private use of copyright materials, whether in the original or photocopy, is barely touched upon. This is followed by discussions of common- law literary property, statutory copyright, international .
    keywords: copyright
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11085.pdf
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        item: #604 of 5668
          id: crl-11086
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: Recent Foreign Books on The Graphic Arts, Bibliography, and Library Science (Book Review)
        date: 1957-04-30
       words: 4290
      flesch: 59
     summary: Not only in the historical section but also throughout the work there is infor- mation on the complicated, often even pic- turesque development of different aspects of cataloging in German libraries. Unfortunately for the student of book history, there is nothing about the im- portant Viennese hand binding tradition.
    keywords: american; book; copyright; history; libraries; library; university; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11086.pdf
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        item: #605 of 5668
          id: crl-11089
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Nominees for ACRL Section Officers, 1957-58; ACRL Board of Directors Midwinter 1957 Meetings; News from the Field; Personnel; All This and K. C. Steaks, Too
        date: 1957-04-30
       words: 8449
      flesch: 65
     summary: MARY NoEL has been appointed curator of the Abernethy Collection of the Middle- bury College Library, Middlebury, Vt. CHARLES WARREN is circulation librarian of the University of New Mexico Library.
    keywords: acrl; ala; city; college; committee; kansas; librarian; libraries; library; new; research; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11089.pdf
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        item: #606 of 5668
          id: crl-11090
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Books Received
        date: 1957-04-30
       words: 814
      flesch: 82
     summary: By Dr. Ja y W. Stein. Memphis: Southwestern at Memphis, 1957. ·Th e Us e of Stitch ed Binders in the Maintenance and R epair of Library Books.
    keywords: library; new; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11090.pdf
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        item: #607 of 5668
          id: crl-11091
      author: Mearns, David C.
       title: Dress Rehearsal
        date: 1957-06-30
       words: 4172
      flesch: 75
     summary: Neither could we count on the same amount of initial interest and en- thusiasm, for though many women un- doubtedly give of their best whatever the prospect of matrimony, it would not be reasonable to expect that in the aggregate a group of women would have the same incentive as a group of men whose whole future depended on their efforts. An illustrated article in praise of the vile creation besmirched the pages of The Library World for November, 1908; in it, the unfeeling Miss Frost wrote : Woman's place in the work of the world has been much discussed, but few will deny that she is eminently suited to Pub- lic Library work.
    keywords: dress; librarian; library; long; women; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11091.pdf
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        item: #608 of 5668
          id: crl-11092
      author: Carpenter, Charles A.
       title: The Lamont Catalog as a Guide To Book Selection
        date: 1957-06-30
       words: 1752
      flesch: 64
     summary: Its use as a checklist for evaluating and detecting gaps in book collections is outstanding since it contains three times as many titles as the Shaw volumes; furthermore, as Philip J. McNiff, librarian of the La- mont Library, notes in his introduction to it, the Lamont catalog has distinctive value as an actual, working list rather than an ideal, theoretical listing of books. The faculty has been responsible for Lamont book selection.
    keywords: books; catalog; lamont
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11092.pdf
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        item: #609 of 5668
          id: crl-11093
      author: Maichel, Karol
       title: Czechoslovak National Bibliography: A Historical Sketch
        date: 1957-06-30
       words: 3673
      flesch: 63
     summary: This 5 List of Czech books, pictures, and musical works, which are still in stock. As we have seen, the nineteenth cen- tury does not possess a comprehensive bibliography of Czech books, although various sectional bibliographies exist.
    keywords: bibliography; century; czech; index; slovak; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11093.pdf
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        item: #610 of 5668
          id: crl-11094
      author: Orne, Jerrold
       title: The Air University Library Building
        date: 1957-06-30
       words: 3605
      flesch: 64
     summary: It ended at the back door with the receipt of library materials. The third and last notable advance found in this building lies in the amaz- ing gains made in the use of Audio-Vis- ual services when juxtaposed and closely coordinated with library materials and services.
    keywords: air; area; library; reading; room
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11094.pdf
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        item: #611 of 5668
          id: crl-11096
      author: Shaffer, Ellen
       title: The Rare Book Department of the Free Library of Philadelphia
        date: 1957-06-30
       words: 3523
      flesch: 60
     summary: It is situated on the third floor of the main building (apparently a tradi- tional spot for rare book departments in public libraries since those of New York and Boston are so located), and its long corridors provide room for exhibit cases. The Rare Book Department of the Free Library of Philadelphia T HE FREE LIBRARY OF PHILADELPHIA was a youthful institution which had been serving the public for only five years when a gift from one of Philadel- phia's great industrialists committed it to a most agreeable policy-the acquisi- tion of rare books.
    keywords: books; collection; department; free; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11096.pdf
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        item: #612 of 5668
          id: crl-11099
      author: Taylor, Robert S.
       title: A Coordinated Program of Library Instruction
        date: 1957-06-30
       words: 2442
      flesch: 62
     summary: Even librarians, pre- sumably trained in information sources, sometimes have difficulty locating spe- cific bits of information. A two-page mimeographed sheet of Information Tips is compiled by the 'JULY 1957 reference staff for each subject gtvtng the following data: major professional handbooks; major indexes or bibliogra- phies; special information sources avail- able, such as trade catalogs, corporation annual reports, directories, encyclope- dias, biographical dictionaries; major current journals received in the subject; peculiarities of the subject catalog in the field.
    keywords: information; instruction; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11099.pdf
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        item: #613 of 5668
          id: crl-11100
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1956-1957
        date: 1957-06-30
       words: 5425
      flesch: 60
     summary: All articles con- tain author and subject bibliographies which, while selective, are up to date and include periodical as well as book refer- ences. this author and subject bibliography contains 3,671 references to books, periodi- cals, and other serial publications concern- ing the life, the message, and the mission of Gandhi.
    keywords: articles; bibliographies; bibliography; books; guide; new; research; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11100.pdf
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        item: #614 of 5668
          id: crl-11101
      author: Matthews, Sidney E.
       title: Simplifying Library Acquisitions With University Purchasing
        date: 1957-06-30
       words: 1995
      flesch: 59
     summary: The Acquisition Department is nor- mally faced with two peak seasons for book orders. This represented a very substantial im- provement in the entire acquisition pro- gram, in the amount of work required to process requisitions and invoices in the Acquisition Department, and in the University Purchasing Department.
    keywords: department; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11101.pdf
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        item: #615 of 5668
          id: crl-11102
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Subgrants from Lilly Endowment Go to Nine Libraries
        date: 1957-06-30
       words: 1078
      flesch: 49
     summary: The program will provide visiting consult- ants on the general subject of The Li- brary in College Instruction, faculty members committing themselves to serv- ice regular hours each week in the li- brary as consultants to students, and the training of student assistants to act as student consultants after the first year of the program. The Lilly grant will enable it to publish a conversational handbook which will bring out not only the rudi- ments of library use, but also sections on reading for fun, seeking answers to personal problems, selecting a career, linking hobbies or club work with li- brary materials, enjoying music and art through the library, and using library services outside the U ni versi ty.
    keywords: college; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11102.pdf
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        item: #616 of 5668
          id: crl-11103
      author: Merrill, Maurice H.
       title: The Wills of the Justices; a Collection of the Wills and Testaments of Twenty-Three Justices of the United States Supreme Court (Book Review)
        date: 1957-06-30
       words: 644
      flesch: 62
     summary: In the pres- ent selection, attention has been focused on the Chief Justices, ending with William Howard Taft, on the members of the court participating in the Dred Scott decision, and on a group of other Associate Justices- David J. Brewer, John M. Harlan (the first) , Horace H. Lurton , Stanley Matthews, Joseph McKenna, John McKinley, Samuel F. Miller, William Strong, and William B. Woods. College and Research Libraries Review Articles Wills of the Justices The Wills of the justices; a Collection of the Wills and T estaments of Tw enty- Three Justices of the United States Su- preme Court.
    keywords: wills
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11103.pdf
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        item: #617 of 5668
          id: crl-11104
      author: Dailey, Jay E.
       title: Filing Rules for the Dictionary Catalogs of the Library of Congress (Book Review)
        date: 1957-06-30
       words: 2938
      flesch: 63
     summary: · Still, one cannot help wondering if this excellent' book is not much more a guide to a complicated practice rather than a set 339 of rules for the strategy in which both cat- aloger and user are engaged. It is very likely the most complete and painstaking book of filing rules ever published, and the copious examples in conspicuous bold-face type explain in detail whatever the text of the rules may have left in doubt.
    keywords: book; filer; library; rules
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11104.pdf
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        item: #618 of 5668
          id: crl-11107
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: ACRL Officers for 1957-58; ACRL at Kansas City; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1957-06-30
       words: 8968
      flesch: 60
     summary: MARY J o AusTIN is on the reference staff of Emory University Library. Mr. Orne has served as editor of the Mis- souri Library Association Quarterly, Wash- ington University Library Studies, and Amer- ican Documentation (associate editor) and is the author of Subject Headings for Tech- nical Libraries (1947) , The Language of the Foreign Book Trade (1949), El Fu- turo de la Biblioteca en Cuba (1950), and other works.
    keywords: books; collection; college; director; librarian; libraries; library; new; reference; research; school; state; university; university library; years
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11107.pdf
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        item: #619 of 5668
          id: crl-11108
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: ACRL Microcard Series - Abstracts of Titles
        date: 1957-06-30
       words: 1443
      flesch: 72
     summary: De- spite these factors, newspaper libraries are ex- panding both in number and in space and scope of individual libraries. Sponsored by The Library Periodicals Round Table, Amer- ican Library Association.
    keywords: libraries; library; press; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11108.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11108.txt

        item: #620 of 5668
          id: crl-11109
      author: Reinert, Paul C.
       title: College and Research Libraries in a Decade of Decision
        date: 1957-08-31
       words: 4124
      flesch: 52
     summary: ADDED STRUCTURE Of first importance is the fact that higher education will greatly revise and 1 Paper presented at the general m eeting of ACRL , June 2 7, 1957, K a n sa s City, Mi ss ouri. For example, can higher education make more use of our public libraries in meet- ing the challenge ahead?
    keywords: college; committee; education; federal; higher; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11109.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11109.txt

        item: #621 of 5668
          id: crl-11110
      author: Cameron, Donald F.
       title: The New Rutgers University Library
        date: 1957-08-31
       words: 1410
      flesch: 75
     summary: All wooden desks, such as the circulation desk, the periodical desk, re- serve room desk, government documents desk, and exhibit cases were made by Irving and Casson. The floor above the humanities, science and tech- nology, houses engineering monographs and periodicals, also military naval sci- 366 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES Rutgers University Library ence and some few special collections.
    keywords: floor; stack
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11110.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11110.txt

        item: #622 of 5668
          id: crl-11111
      author: Clifford, James L.
       title: Reading and the College Library
        date: 1957-08-31
       words: 3809
      flesch: 75
     summary: But modern methods of construction, which now can employ wider windows and less wall space, leave little room for book shelves. To be sure, there may be a com- SEPTEMBER 1957 bination library and rumpus room or combination television and book room with a few shelves for magazines and the most recent selections of the Book-of- the-Month Club.
    keywords: books; college; libraries; library; reading
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11111.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11111.txt

        item: #623 of 5668
          id: crl-11112
      author: Downs, Robert B.
       title: The Current Status of University Library Staffs
        date: 1957-08-31
       words: 6635
      flesch: 52
     summary: A total of 35 institutions, nearly one- third of the total, reported that profes- sional librarians are given faculty status, with titles. At Mary- land, about one-third of the professional 1nembers have faculty status and the others are under a state classified system.
    keywords: academic; faculty; librarians; library; professional; status; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11112.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11112.txt

        item: #624 of 5668
          id: crl-11115
      author: Downs, Robert B.
       title: The University of North Carolina, 1900-1930; The Making of a Modern University (Book Review)
        date: 1957-08-31
       words: 1374
      flesch: 53
     summary: Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1957. A Modern University The University of North Carolina )
    keywords: north; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11115.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11115.txt

        item: #625 of 5668
          id: crl-11116
      author: Shaw, Ralph R.
       title: Guide to Unpublished Research Material (Book Review)
        date: 1957-08-31
       words: 716
      flesch: 53
     summary: While some of the papers are preliminary drafts of general guides to the literature of their subject fields, there is a great deal of valuable in- formation in each one of these papers on un- published sources of information, and as such the book should be useful to research libraries here and abroad.-Ralph R. Shaw, Rutgers University. College and Research Libraries in the forefront of the University's think- ing.
    keywords: university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11116.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11116.txt

        item: #626 of 5668
          id: crl-11117
      author: Van Luik, James
       title: A Guide to the Literature of Chemistry (Book Review)
        date: 1957-08-31
       words: 708
      flesch: 64
     summary: Before Zdobnov published his work, there had been several other works on Russian bib- liography, such as those of K. N. Derunov, A. I. Malein ::md A. G. Fomin. This new edition is still primarily for the scholar, the reference librarian, and those having passed through an elementary course in chemical literature.
    keywords: edition
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11117.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11117.txt

        item: #627 of 5668
          id: crl-11118
      author: Drazic, Milimir
       title: Russian Bibliography (Book Review)
        date: 1957-08-31
       words: 1205
      flesch: 59
     summary: However, as evi- dence of growing awareness of the im- ' portance of such work, one might cite the following: (1) use of enlarged book budgets to build up holdings of dic- tionaries, encyclopedias, bibliogniphies, handbooks, and the like, and (2) plans to establish reference or reference-circu- lation positions as soon as possible in several libraries now lacking such posts. Before Zdobnov published his work, there had been several other works on Russian bib- liography, such as those of K. N. Derunov, A. I. Malein ::md A. G. Fomin.
    keywords: edition; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11118.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11118.txt

        item: #628 of 5668
          id: crl-11119
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: ALA Mail Vote on Headquarters Location: A Memo to ACRL Members; ACRL Grants for 1957; ACRL Constitution and Bylaws; Brief of Minutes ACRL Board of Directors; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1957-08-31
       words: 8689
      flesch: 58
     summary: Any personal or institutional or life member of the American Library Association may designate the Association of College and Research Librar- ies as the type-of-library divisional membership or may become a member upon payment of the additional divisional membership fee as provided in the Amer- ican Library Association Bylaws. SEc. This committee shall file its nominations (and the written consent of the nominees that their names may be placed on the ballot) with the executive secretary of the Association and with the chairman of the American Library Association Nominating Committee at such time and in such manner as the chairman of the American Library Association Nominating Com- mittee shall indicate. SEc.
    keywords: acrl; association; board; college; committee; directors; librarian; libraries; library; president; sec; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11119.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11119.txt

        item: #629 of 5668
          id: crl-11121
      author: Thornton, Eileen
       title: Within New Patterns
        date: 1957-11-01
       words: 1080
      flesch: 66
     summary: For the re- search and special libraries, aiming at better service to an ever increasing num- The librar- ies and profession we serve must, by their very nature, face change, solve old problems, meet new problems.
    keywords: acrl; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11121.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11121.txt

        item: #630 of 5668
          id: crl-11122
      author: Bach, Harry
       title: Acquisition Policy in the American Academic Library
        date: 1957-11-01
       words: 7127
      flesch: 61
     summary: State- ments on library policy concerning refer- ence works, documents, maps, manuscripts, music, newspapers, periodicals, rare books, and college archives are generally also in- cluded in some of these policies. Without minimizing the impor- tance of the contribution that the fac- ulty can make in building up the li- brary, they have come to the realization that library collections are more the 17 Robert Vosper, Allocation of the Book Budget: Experience at U.C.L.A.
    keywords: acquisition; acquisition policy; faculty; libraries; library; policy; selection
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11122.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11122.txt

        item: #631 of 5668
          id: crl-11123
      author: Shaw, Ralph R.
       title: Documentation: Complete Cycle of Information Service
        date: 1957-11-01
       words: 1247
      flesch: 53
     summary: X 124910 c. other processors X l( Rapid selector X ?X X 1 2 4 6 Minicard X ?X X 124568910 LOCATING THE MATERIALS Filmorex X ? In the collections Collectanea X X 1234678 In other collections II
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11123.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11123.txt

        item: #632 of 5668
          id: crl-11125
      author: Blackburn, F. M.
       title: Recruiting for Librarianship: One Program
        date: 1957-11-01
       words: 3569
      flesch: 61
     summary: The young man with the M.A. degree in history has announced the intention of completing library studies, through summer ses- sions, while teaching high school history throughout the winter months. What specific subjects are studied in library school?
    keywords: librarianship; library; program; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11125.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11125.txt

        item: #633 of 5668
          id: crl-11126
      author: Shank, Russell
       title: Staff Participation in Library Management: Introductory Comments
        date: 1957-11-01
       words: 1195
      flesch: 49
     summary: Still, there has been enough activity in the area of staff participation in management so that we have literally hundreds of tech- niques for such participation including such items as suggestion systems, junior manage- ment boards, work simplification councils, and bottoms-up management. . We could gain in our understanding of staff participation in management, I think, by looking at the decision making process in organizations.
    keywords: management; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11126.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11126.txt

        item: #634 of 5668
          id: crl-11127
      author: Behymer, E. Hugh
       title: The Dilemma of the Small Liberal Arts College Library
        date: 1957-11-01
       words: 4291
      flesch: 58
     summary: More and more emphasis is being placed on this phase of library work by the professional library school. In library school there is income bracket in which they unhappily still too much emphasis on busy work.
    keywords: arts; college; liberal; library; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11127.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11127.txt

        item: #635 of 5668
          id: crl-11131
      author: Brown, Edna Mae
       title: New Periodicals of 1957--Part I
        date: 1957-11-01
       words: 3065
      flesch: 68
     summary: The journal of Business Law is an English publication whose aims are to indicate new trends in the modern development of business law and to analyze the be- wildering amount of new law which is constantly created b y Parliament, the courts, and commercial practice, with a view to appraising its probable effect on the conduct of business affairs. It is published in New York and edited by Bruce Duff Hooton, Daniel Brown, and David Johnson.
    keywords: journal; new; no.l; quarterly; research; v.l
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11131.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11131.txt

        item: #636 of 5668
          id: crl-11133
      author: Ludington, Flora B.
       title: Training of Specialists in International Relations (Book Review)
        date: 1957-11-01
       words: 1393
      flesch: 51
     summary: These papers from the Graduate Library School Conference treat the subject of cata- log code revision from various points of view; the historical background (Ruth French Strout and Paul S. Dunkin), gen- eral considerations on the function and con- tent of catalog entries (Richard S. Angell), problems in applying catalog codes (Her- man H. Henkle and Benjamin A. Custer), the cost of cataloging (Raynard C. Swank), developments in other countries (Andrew D. Osborn and Arthur H. Chaplin), and the present state of code revision in the United States (Seymour Lubetzky and Wyllis E. Wright). The papers by Strout and Dunkin trace the history of catalog codes from 2000 B.c. to the present.
    keywords: international; relations
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11133.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11133.txt

        item: #637 of 5668
          id: crl-11134
      author: Simonton, Wesley
       title: Toward a Better Cataloging Code (Book Review)
        date: 1957-11-01
       words: 1403
      flesch: 54
     summary: These papers from the Graduate Library School Conference treat the subject of cata- log code revision from various points of view; the historical background (Ruth French Strout and Paul S. Dunkin), gen- eral considerations on the function and con- tent of catalog entries (Richard S. Angell), problems in applying catalog codes (Her- man H. Henkle and Benjamin A. Custer), the cost of cataloging (Raynard C. Swank), developments in other countries (Andrew D. Osborn and Arthur H. Chaplin), and the present state of code revision in the United States (Seymour Lubetzky and Wyllis E. Wright). The papers by Strout and Dunkin trace the history of catalog codes from 2000 B.c. to the present.
    keywords: catalog; code
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11134.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11134.txt

        item: #638 of 5668
          id: crl-11135
      author: Drazic, Milimir
       title: Russian Biography (Book Review)
        date: 1957-11-01
       words: 1260
      flesch: 46
     summary: In summary, these papers provide a good background for, and review of, the main problems involved in catalog code revisiOn (particularly for the library school student and teacher), as given by recognized experts, although one looks in vain for a detailed consideration of the basic problems in- volved in the finding list vs. reference tool dilemma, a question which still has not been thoroughly discussed. College and Research Libraries ute to catalog code revisiOn by a careful consideration of the practical problems which arise in everyday work.
    keywords: code; works
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11135.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11135.txt

        item: #639 of 5668
          id: crl-11141
      author: Buechler, John
       title: The Roxburghe Club
        date: 1958-01-01
       words: 7449
      flesch: 104
     summary: f o r e t h e o I value m o r e t h a n
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11141.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11141.txt

        item: #640 of 5668
          id: crl-11142
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1956-1957
        date: 1958-01-01
       words: 19738
      flesch: 112
     summary: i e s of i n t e r e s t t o c h e g - l i s h ; of p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t t o t h e l i
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; e s; h e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11142.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11142.txt

        item: #641 of 5668
          id: crl-11144
      author: Bentz, Dale
       title: College and University Library Statistics, 1956-1957
        date: 1958-01-01
       words: 56289
      flesch: 108
     summary: i n t e r p r e t p r o p e r l y t h e d e m a n d m a d e o n t h e i r l i b r a r y b u d g e t s . e i n t e r p r e t a t
    keywords: d e; e e; e n; e r; e s; n n; n s; n t; o n; s t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11144.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11144.txt

        item: #642 of 5668
          id: crl-11147
      author: Rogers, Rutherford D.
       title: The English Common Reader; a Social History of the Mass Reading Public 1800-1900 (Book Review)
        date: 1958-01-01
       words: 10863
      flesch: 113
     summary: i n t e r e s t of The Scholar Adventurers, it is still a first- r a t e j o b i n a m u i n a l R u s s i a n ( r e t r a n s
    keywords: e n; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11147.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11147.txt

        item: #643 of 5668
          id: crl-11148
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel; Grants Awarded Through ACRL
        date: 1958-01-01
       words: 27922
      flesch: 112
     summary: E V E R E T T T . n t e l l e c t u a l i n t e r e s t s of a c u
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; h e; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11148.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11148.txt

        item: #644 of 5668
          id: crl-11152
      author: White, Gladys Walker
       title: The Human Relations Area Files
        date: 1958-03-01
       words: 9124
      flesch: 98
     summary: Carrying the analogy a bit f u r t h e r , the medical m a n of today c a n n o t h e s n o t l e a d t o f u r t h e r a c c u m u l a t
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11152.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11152.txt

        item: #645 of 5668
          id: crl-11153
      author: Waldron, Rodney K.
       title: Implications of Technological Progress For Librarians
        date: 1958-03-01
       words: 8925
      flesch: 98
     summary: m i g h t set u p a c o m m i t t e e to study every possible t e d o u t t h a t the mechanical aids already available for classifying a n d t r a n s m i
    keywords: t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11153.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11153.txt

        item: #646 of 5668
          id: crl-11157
      author: Brown, Edna Mae
       title: New Periodicals of 1957--Part II
        date: 1958-03-01
       words: 7656
      flesch: 95
     summary: T h e r e will be English transla- tions of the works of foreign writers. F r e e ?
    keywords: e r; l o; o n; o r; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11157.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11157.txt

        item: #647 of 5668
          id: crl-11158
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: Recent Foreign Books on the Graphic Arts, Bibliography, and Library Science (Book Reviews)
        date: 1958-03-01
       words: 18285
      flesch: 111
     summary: r i e n u n d L a n d e s h e r r e n ; vol- u m e 4, G e s a m t d a r s t e l l u b r a r i e s , we still h a v e a l o n g way to g o to e q u a l s o m e of the g r e a t E u r o p e a n centers of r e s e a r c h even in terms of c u r r e n t m a t e r i a l s .
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; n t; r o; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11158.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11158.txt

        item: #648 of 5668
          id: crl-11159
      author: Mosher, Fredric J.
       title: The Humanities and the Library: Problems in the Interpretation, Evaluation, and Use of Library Materials (Book Review)
        date: 1958-03-01
       words: 5167
      flesch: 110
     summary: H e r e is a p i c t u r e of the in- tellectual c H e r e is a p
    keywords: r e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11159.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11159.txt

        item: #649 of 5668
          id: crl-11160
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: The Hampshire Inter-Library Center: A Survey fo Its Background and Its Problems, with Recommendations for the Future (Book Review)
        date: 1958-03-01
       words: 6546
      flesch: 107
     summary: T h e r e were e T h e r e m
    keywords: r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11160.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11160.txt

        item: #650 of 5668
          id: crl-11163
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel; ACRL at Midwinter
        date: 1958-03-01
       words: 27193
      flesch: 110
     summary: o u g h t s in m i n d , the special c o m m i t t e e r e c o m m e t e r R .
    keywords: e d; e e; e n; e o; e r; r o; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11163.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11163.txt

        item: #651 of 5668
          id: crl-11164
      author: Coney, Donald
       title: The Flooding Tide Or: Where Did You Go? To the Library. What Did You Get? Nothing.
        date: 1958-04-30
       words: 3844
      flesch: 62
     summary: T h i s , we believe, will require eventually the development of branch libraries for certain professional schools now happily served by existing branches or in the main building, and this will lead to the need for duplicating materials now shared by many in some central location. Although we estimate that the emphasis on re- search and professional education at the University at Berkeley will bear power- fully on the library organization, we must not neglect the calculation that within, say, the next five years we shall have on the campus between 4,000 and 5,000 more undergraduate students who will not—as graduate and professional students tend to do—distribute them- selves over a series of branch libraries, but will work in the commoner materials usually found in a central library build- ing.
    keywords: building; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11164.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11164.txt

        item: #652 of 5668
          id: crl-11166
      author: Muller, Robert H.
       title: The Future of the ACRL University Libraries Section
        date: 1958-04-30
       words: 8148
      flesch: 88
     summary: r c o r r i r a while w e r e r e s t r
    keywords: r o; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11166.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11166.txt

        item: #653 of 5668
          id: crl-11171
      author: Maichel, Karol
       title: Bibliographical Guides to Russian Periodical Publications, 1901-1956
        date: 1958-04-30
       words: 6948
      flesch: 73
     summary: Gazety S S S R , 3 3 which appeared in Adresnaia kniga izda- tel'skikh T h e r e are no annual bibliographical listings for 1907.
    keywords: t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11171.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11171.txt

        item: #654 of 5668
          id: crl-11172
      author: Kaplan, Louis
       title: Reference Services in University and Special Libraries since 1900
        date: 1958-04-30
       words: 2445
      flesch: 60
     summary: ment which resulted in the appointment of research librarians at Cornell and at the University of Pennsylvania. Most administrators of university libraries would have disagreed.
    keywords: libraries; reference; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11172.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11172.txt

        item: #655 of 5668
          id: crl-11173
      author: Georgi, Charlotte
       title: An Experiment in Library Instruction For Business Students
        date: 1958-04-30
       words: 1133
      flesch: 53
     summary: An accumulation of such experiences with confused, befuddled, and sometimes rather desperate students led the writer to devise some methods to impart essen­ tial knowledge of library tools and use. He invited me to give a series of two or three lectures on the use of the business library and its materials to his class of graduate students.
    keywords: business; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11173.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11173.txt

        item: #656 of 5668
          id: crl-11181
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Nominees for ACRL Offices, 1958-59; Notice of Proposed Amendments to the Pending ACRL Constitution; News from the Field; Personnel; The SCAD Report: The Place of the ACRL in the Reorganized ALA
        date: 1958-04-30
       words: 34132
      flesch: 102
     summary: o u l d be, broadly i n t e r p r e t e d . d i n t e r p r e t a t
    keywords: e d; e e; e l; e n; e r; h e; m e; n d; n t; o n; r o; r t; t e; t h; t o; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11181.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11181.txt

        item: #657 of 5668
          id: crl-11182
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: The Columbia University Libraries Self-Study
        date: 1958-06-30
       words: 3637
      flesch: 53
     summary: Essential- ly, the schedule includes observations on problems of enrollment affecting library service (changes in character of student body, proportion of resident to com- muting students, number of part-time students, including evening students, and foreign students), changes in faculty affecting library service (size, type of ac- tivity—instructional, research, clinical, etc.—utilization of fellows, teaching as- sistants, research assistants), changes in curriculum and research programs (course structure, kinds of problems like- ly to be studied, doctoral and post-doc- toral research, governmental contracts, other contractual relationships), relation of unit to library program (committee and individual faculty member action), need for special (departmental) library resources, quarters and equipment, courses in the use of the libraries, at- titudes toward cooperative enterprises, collecting policy of the future, sugges- tions concerning library program, and observations on any special problems in- volving library resources or services. T h a t is, one of the major purposes of the study was to involve the administration and faculties, as well as the students, in the question of library service.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11182.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11182.txt

        item: #658 of 5668
          id: crl-11183
      author: Wasserman, Paul
       title: Development of Administration in Library Service: Current Status and Future Prospects
        date: 1958-06-30
       words: 17692
      flesch: 93
     summary: A d e v e l o p m e n t of interest is the g e n e r a l revision of the p r o g r a m r e p o r t e d in 1955 a t o n e of the r e p p r o a c h is sup- p o r t e d by the theory that a d m
    keywords: e d; e n; e r; m e; n d; n t; p r; r o; t e; t r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11183.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11183.txt

        item: #659 of 5668
          id: crl-11184
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1957-1958
        date: 1958-06-30
       words: 13019
      flesch: 94
     summary: f o u r t e e n pages; E s t e t i c a , d e g r e e .
    keywords: d e; e n; e r; h e; m e; n d; n t; o u; r o; r t; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11184.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11184.txt

        item: #660 of 5668
          id: crl-11185
      author: Gelfand, Morris A.
       title: Techniques of Library Evaluators in the Middle States Association
        date: 1958-06-30
       words: 22345
      flesch: 95
     summary: i n e s i n o r d e r t h a t h e c a e i r views a n d practices as presented a n d inter- p r e t e d here may therefore be characterized as adequately representative.
    keywords: d e; e e; e s; n d; o r; r e; r t; s t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11185.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11185.txt

        item: #661 of 5668
          id: crl-11186
      author: Jackson, William Vernon
       title: Manual de fuentes de infomacion (Book Review)
        date: 1958-06-30
       words: 5289
      flesch: 110
     summary: e r t o R v e r y o n e i n t e r e s t e d in l
    keywords: r e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11186.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11186.txt

        item: #662 of 5668
          id: crl-11189
      author: Parker, Wyman W.
       title: College Library Standards and the Future
        date: 1958-08-31
       words: 5481
      flesch: 66
     summary: Class assignments still provi- dentially include peripheral readings f r o m books, and libraries still compete for i m p o r t a n t sets and significant runs of learned journals and transactions. T h e exchange of technical informa- tion between college libraries is fairly good.
    keywords: t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11189.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11189.txt

        item: #663 of 5668
          id: crl-11190
      author: Hart, James D.
       title: Search and Research: The Librarian and the Scholar
        date: 1958-08-31
       words: 14471
      flesch: 99
     summary: b r a r i a n enters the un-isolated i n t e r r o g a t n , I will n o t present any f u r t h e r a n d distract-
    keywords: e r; h e; o t; r o; r t; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11190.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11190.txt

        item: #664 of 5668
          id: crl-11191
      author: Talmadge, Robert L.
       title: The Farmington Plan Survey: An Interim Report
        date: 1958-08-31
       words: 11620
      flesch: 97
     summary: F u r t h e r , we h o p e to answer the great q u e s t i o n of w h e t h e r it is more effective to have e n t a l Society a n d the Association f o r Asian Studies, wor- ried a b o u t the F a r East; a n d the Joint C o m m i t t e e on Slavic Studies of the A m e r i c
    keywords: e r; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11191.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11191.txt

        item: #665 of 5668
          id: crl-11198
      author: Asheim, Lester
       title: Readability: An Appraisal of Research and Application (Book Review)
        date: 1958-08-31
       words: 6089
      flesch: 114
     summary: e f r o m t h e r e a d i n t e r e s t e
    keywords: t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11198.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11198.txt

        item: #666 of 5668
          id: crl-11199
      author: Baughman, Roland
       title: An Unhurried View of Erotica (Book Review)
        date: 1958-08-31
       words: 9418
      flesch: 113
     summary: i m e s t o t h e R e n e f r o m t h e r e a d
    keywords: r e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11199.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11199.txt

        item: #667 of 5668
          id: crl-11201
      author: McCarthy, Stephen A.
       title: West Virginia Imprints (Book Review)
        date: 1958-08-31
       words: 6268
      flesch: 113
     summary: r s t u d e n t s i n t e r e s t i n s u c h b a s i c ne- cessities as p u b l i c r e s t r o o m s a n d a
    keywords: t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11201.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11201.txt

        item: #668 of 5668
          id: crl-11202
      author: Powell, Whiton
       title: Literature fo Agricultural Research (Book Review)
        date: 1958-08-31
       words: 6264
      flesch: 113
     summary: y i n t e r e s t e T h e r e a r e f e w e r e n - t r i e s f o r a g r i c u l t u r a l e c o n o m i c s t h a n f o
    keywords: t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11202.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11202.txt

        item: #669 of 5668
          id: crl-11203
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: ACRL at Conference; ACRL Grants for 1958; Brief of Minutes ACRL Board of Directors; News from the Field; Personnel; University of Rangoon Social Sciences Library
        date: 1958-08-31
       words: 31504
      flesch: 112
     summary: t t e e T p i n t e r e s t i n t e
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; h e; r t; t e; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11203.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11203.txt

        item: #670 of 5668
          id: crl-11205
      author: Griffin, Lloyd W.; Clarke, Jack A.
       title: Orientation and Instruction of the Graduate Student by University Libraries: A Survey
        date: 1958-11-01
       words: 4604
      flesch: 90
     summary: a n u a r y 1 t o t h e c h a i r m a n of t h e section's C o m m i t t e e o n A w a r d of t h e M a r g a r e t M a n n C T h r e e libraries reported courses taught by faculty members which were open to students of allied instruc- tional departments.
    keywords: e r; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11205.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11205.txt

        item: #671 of 5668
          id: crl-11206
      author: Maichel, Karol
       title: Polish National Bibliography
        date: 1958-11-01
       words: 9691
      flesch: 94
     summary: F r o m 1928 on, w i t h a n i n t e r r u p t i n u e d in J u n e 1914, the listing of c u r r e n t
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11206.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11206.txt

        item: #672 of 5668
          id: crl-11211
      author: Yenawine, Wayne S.
       title: Education for Academic Librarianship
        date: 1958-11-01
       words: 12062
      flesch: 96
     summary: However successful c u r r e n t r e c r u T h e sources r a n k e d in o r d e r of impor- tance to a d
    keywords: e r; h e; r o; t e; t h; t r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11211.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11211.txt

        item: #673 of 5668
          id: crl-11213
      author: Krettek, Germaine
       title: A Report from Washington
        date: 1958-11-01
       words: 16317
      flesch: 113
     summary: b e i n t e r p r e t e d as s e i n t e r p r e t e d as a v
    keywords: e e; e r; t e; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11213.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11213.txt

        item: #674 of 5668
          id: crl-11214
      author: Muller, Robert H.
       title: Zur Praxis der Wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken in den USA (Book Review)
        date: 1958-11-01
       words: 9614
      flesch: 113
     summary: d e r o u s t h a n s o m e of t h e o t h e r a c c o u n t s . ; t h e P l a n r e q u i r e d t h e s u b o r d i - n a t i o n of t h e s e l f - i n t e r e s t s of i
    keywords: e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11214.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11214.txt

        item: #675 of 5668
          id: crl-11215
      author: Stevens, Rolland E.
       title: University of Tennessee Library lectures, Numbers Seven, Eight, and Nine, 1955-57 (Book Review)
        date: 1958-11-01
       words: 12238
      flesch: 112
     summary: l y r e g r e t t h a t these lectures c a n n o d e r o u s t h a n s o m e of t h e o t h e r a c c o u n t s .
    keywords: e e; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11215.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11215.txt

        item: #676 of 5668
          id: crl-11217
      author: Frarey, Carlyle J.
       title: Information Indexing and Subject Cataloging: Alphabetical: Classified: Coordinate (Book Review)
        date: 1958-11-01
       words: 11534
      flesch: 112
     summary: w n i n t e r p r e t a t n t e r e s
    keywords: e e; e r; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11217.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11217.txt

        item: #677 of 5668
          id: crl-11219
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel; From the President
        date: 1958-11-01
       words: 29007
      flesch: 113
     summary: o C o n f e r e n c e m a y b e of i n t e r e s t . i c u l a r i n t e r e s t a r e t h e lists by W i s c
    keywords: e e; e r; h e; r t; t e; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11219.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11219.txt

        item: #678 of 5668
          id: crl-11220
      author: Logsdon, Richard H.
       title: National Library Week, 1959
        date: 1959-01-01
       words: 1116
      flesch: 56
     summary: Some two pages of ideas for colleges and universities are presented in the Organization Handbook for Na- tional Library Week, reprints of which have been widely distributed. There are, of course, times for caution, but it would seem that the over- all objectives of National Library Week are so closely related to what college and research libraries are out to accomplish that we might safely venture, in larger numbers, to give it active support.
    keywords: library; national
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11220.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11220.txt

        item: #679 of 5668
          id: crl-11222
      author: Mack, James D.
       title: A View of the International Conference on Scientific Information
        date: 1959-01-01
       words: 1126
      flesch: 61
     summary: In any event, it is more than conceivable not only that any sound answers will affect the work of reference librarians in the ways suggested above; but also they could easily involve, say, the overthrow of our traditional hierarchical classification schemes. (5) What are the advantages of the Dy- son system of chemical notation, as compared to those of other systems, (a) to chemists; (b) to librarians?
    keywords: conference; scientific
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11222.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11222.txt

        item: #680 of 5668
          id: crl-11224
      author: Estes, David E.
       title: Government Publications in the Classroom
        date: 1959-01-01
       words: 1841
      flesch: 62
     summary: S. Govern- ment Publications in the Emory Univer- sity Library Which Contain Material on Congressional Bills, is a mimeographed guide giving brief definitions of all types of bills and resolutions. It gives infor- mation on the printing, distribution and 78 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES indexing of bills, resolutions and reports of committees of Congress and also pro- vides information and direction for using the Congressional Record, the Digest of Public General Bills, and tells how to trace a bill.
    keywords: bill
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11224.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11224.txt

        item: #681 of 5668
          id: crl-11228
      author: Meyer, Robert S.
       title: Catalog Use Study (Book Review)
        date: 1959-01-01
       words: 1466
      flesch: 50
     summary: However, most of these find- ings, and the recommendations arising from them, will come as no surprise to those familiar with the results of other studies of catalog users. Other important results of the study: oral citations were the major source of references sought in the catalog; inexperience and un- familiarity with the catalog were frequent causes of difficulty; the number of search failures increased directly with the size of the catalog; divided catalogs failed only about half as often as dictionary catalogs; the subject part of the catalog was more dif- ficult to use, even for librarians, than the author-title parts; and cards under a given subject heading were usually selected by the patron according to date of publication rather than alphabetical position.
    keywords: catalog; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11228.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11228.txt

        item: #682 of 5668
          id: crl-11230
      author: Frick, Bertha M.
       title: Two Books About Books (Book Review)
        date: 1959-01-01
       words: 3349
      flesch: 64
     summary: T h e Pursuit of Excellence; Education and the Future of America, Panel Report V of the Special Studies Project, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, published at about the same time, and writ- ten principally by John W. Gardner, presi- dent, Carnegie Corporation of New York, president, Carnegie Foundation for the Ad- vancement of Teaching, and a friend of libraries, is a study dealing with a broad question of which the library profession is an integral part. T h e author lives in England but received a grant from the Bollingen Foun- dation, New York, which he says facili- tated his research in various libraries.
    keywords: book; library; manuscripts
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11230.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11230.txt

        item: #683 of 5668
          id: crl-11231
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: College and University Library Statistics, 1957-58; Seventy-Six Grants Awarded By ACRL Committee;News from the Field; Personnel; Equipment Grants Awarded by College Libraries Section; Subject Specialists Section Bylaws
        date: 1959-01-01
       words: 55562
      flesch: 95
     summary: H O P E C O L L E G E , Holland, Mich. (Mildred E. Singleton): $250. N O T R E D A M E C O L L E G E , Cleveland, Ohio (Sis- ter Mary Genevieve): $300.
    keywords: c l; c o; d e; e e; e l; e n; e r; e s; g e; h e; l o; n n; n t; o n; o o; r o; r t; s o; s s; s t; t e; t o
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11231.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11231.txt

        item: #684 of 5668
          id: crl-11232
      author: Schorer, Mark
       title: The Harassed Humanities
        date: 1959-03-01
       words: 9323
      flesch: 81
     summary: I will go f u r t h e r and say that since only the humanities, of the several disciplines, enable the indi- T h e r e are, of course, many in- effectual humanists, just as there are bungling scientists and
    keywords: t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11232.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11232.txt

        item: #685 of 5668
          id: crl-11238
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News From the Field; Personnel; ACRL Board of Directors: Midwinter Meetings; ARL Meeting; Nominees for ACRL Offices, 1959-60
        date: 1959-03-01
       words: 13170
      flesch: 69
     summary: J o Ann Wiles, Library School Library, University of Illinois, Urbana. E O D O R B. Y E R K E , formerly librarian of the California College of Arts and Crafts, is DeGolyer librarian, Southern Methodist University Library, Dallas, Texas.
    keywords: e l; e r; h e; library; n e; o n; r l; r r; r t; t e; t h; t o; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11238.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11238.txt

        item: #686 of 5668
          id: crl-11245
      author: None
       title: College and Research Libraries
        date: 2012-03-21
       words: 6695
      flesch: 58
     summary: Prior to this date there had been avail- able for the use of the undergraduates, apart from the main reading room in the General Library and the numerous branch libraries, three reading rooms seating 489 students in crowded fashion, housing negligible collections of books, and staffed by library science students or other student assistants. Errors were made in both respects, of course, that will be avoided in newer libraries and a number of problems have not yet been perfectly solved.
    keywords: building; h e; library; students; t h; undergraduate; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11245.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11245.txt

        item: #687 of 5668
          id: crl-11246
      author: Rovelstad, Howard
       title: More Library for Your Building Dollar: The University of Maryland Experience
        date: 1959-04-30
       words: 2899
      flesch: 67
     summary: In larger library buildings some concentration of book storage and some concentration of reader accom- modations are significant economy meas- ures. Fortunately, in smaller library buildings where flex- ibility is more essential than in larger libraries the cost of allowing for it is relatively low.
    keywords: building
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11246.pdf
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        item: #688 of 5668
          id: crl-11250
      author: Beatty, William K.
       title: The Medical Library of the University of Missouri
        date: 1959-04-30
       words: 3800
      flesch: 75
     summary: Relations between libraries and antiquarian booksellers and auction houses will also be discussed. ' Visits were made by architects and library and university personnel to several buildings around the country.
    keywords: h e; library; medical; room; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11250.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11250.txt

        item: #689 of 5668
          id: crl-11252
      author: Hams, Thomas M.
       title: Colgate University's New Library: A Dynamic Program
        date: 1959-04-30
       words: 1393
      flesch: 64
     summary: In addition to the colorful decor and lounge-type furniture, the varied general seating facilities, adequate lighting, etc., students mention particularly the beauti- fully furnished and equipped music room, browsing room, large periodicals alcove, MAY 1959 213 typing and microfilm rooms, rapid photo- reproduction service, open reference area, science reading room, coke and smoke room, loan service for reproductions of famous paintings, conference rooms, and the fact that they can now find books in an open stack library. T h e im- portance of adequate library service in implementing Colgate's various educa- tional programs is, we believe, self evi- dent.
    keywords: library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11252.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11252.txt

        item: #690 of 5668
          id: crl-11254
      author: Bell, Martha S.
       title: Special Women's Collections in United States Libraries
        date: 1959-04-30
       words: 5224
      flesch: 67
     summary: True, much valuable material by and about individual women may be found in the large collections on the history of women, in numerous college alumnae sections, and in holdings of countless general libraries. Women born in Georgia, who claim it as their native state, and women who have lived there for at least five years and have done their writing in Georgia, are included in the collection.
    keywords: books; collection; t h; women
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11254.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11254.txt

        item: #691 of 5668
          id: crl-11256
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: Recent Foreign Books on the Graphic Arts, Bibliography, and Library Science
        date: 1959-04-30
       words: 3272
      flesch: 69
     summary: Similar works on other smaller eastern European countries would be wel- come additions to library literature. I n 1957 Guido Manzini, di- rector of the Biblioteca Governativa in Gorizia, wrote a pleasing little travel ac- count of his visits to Yugoslav libraries that appear as no. 2 in the series of Sol- lecitazioni, but Grothusen's book gives a great deal more factual information.
    keywords: t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11256.pdf
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        item: #692 of 5668
          id: crl-11259
      author: Ellsworth, Ralph E.
       title: A Passion for Books (Book Review)
        date: 1959-04-30
       words: 1624
      flesch: 74
     summary: Powell does care about what authors say, he does sometimes write about the contents of books (see chapters beginning on pages 97 and 238, for example) and he does un- derstand that the physical book is a carrier for ideas and expressions. T h e kind of librarian we want in universities will have spent 90 per cent of his time in library school on this analysis, after at least a four-year liberal arts educa- tion.
    keywords: powell
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11259.pdf
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        item: #693 of 5668
          id: crl-11260
      author: Baum, Joan H.
       title: Manuscripts from the William S. Glazier Collection (Book Review)
        date: 1959-04-30
       words: 1417
      flesch: 59
     summary: This catalog, compiled by the Curator of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts at the Morgan Library, and with a foreword by the director, Frederick B. Adams, Jr., has been issued on the occasion of a loan ex- hibition of the Glazier manuscripts held at the Morgan Library. T h e photographs for the six color plates and the thirty-one black- and-white plates (the latter illustrating forty-five pages or fragments) were made by Mark D. Brewer of the Morgan Library staff.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11260.pdf
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        item: #694 of 5668
          id: crl-11261
      author: Hart, Harry W.
       title: Studies in Library Resources (Book Review)
        date: 1959-04-30
       words: 1346
      flesch: 54
     summary: This ar- rangement follows the practice of the ma- jority of law libraries which generally sepa- rate documentary materials from commen- taries and treatises. T h e first, T h e Development of Library Resources at Northwestern University, is reprinted from University of Illinois Library School Occasional Papers, No. 26 (February 1952).
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11261.pdf
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        item: #695 of 5668
          id: crl-11263
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Space Problems of Large (General) Research Libraries: ACRL Meeting Washington; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1959-04-30
       words: 15551
      flesch: 77
     summary: His regionalism shines in his de- termination to create b e t t e r libraries and finer librarianship. T h e r e will be no registration fee and advance res- ervations are not required.
    keywords: c o; e e; e r; e s; h e; n e; n s; n t; o n; o r; r t; t e; t h; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11263.pdf
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        item: #696 of 5668
          id: crl-11264
      author: Hirsch, Felix E.; Bowles, Minnie; Brown, Helen M.; Holtman, Eugene; Rod, Donald O.; Schaupp, Roscoe; Walling, Ruth; Welch, Helen M.
       title: The Preparation of the Standards for College Libraries; Standards for College Libraries
        date: 1959-06-30
       words: 7176
      flesch: 73
     summary: S T R U C T U R E A N D G O V E R N M E N T T h e library staff should take an active part in the instructional program of the institution.
    keywords: e r; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11264.pdf
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        item: #697 of 5668
          id: crl-11265
      author: Harwell, Richard
       title: The Cause That Refreshes: Reading, 'Riting, and Rebellion
        date: 1959-06-30
       words: 5348
      flesch: 70
     summary: Not all interest in Civil War history has de- veloped from worthwhile motivation. One of the boons in studying Civil War history is that sol- diers and civilians on both sides spoke the same language, dressed alike and wrote alike, and generally lived and thought alike.
    keywords: confederate; h e; southern; t h; war
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11265.pdf
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        item: #698 of 5668
          id: crl-11266
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1958-1959
        date: 1959-06-30
       words: 7881
      flesch: 66
     summary: The main body of the work is preceded by a bibliography of the texts cited and of reference works used. Milano, I n t e r c o n t
    keywords: bibliography; l o; o n
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        item: #699 of 5668
          id: crl-11267
      author: Littleton, I.T.
       title: The Off-Campus Library Services Of Universities
        date: 1959-06-30
       words: 4661
      flesch: 59
     summary: In connection with planning for and a subsequent revision of the off-campus services of the University of North Caro- lina Library, the author became inter- ested in these services of university li- braries and the relation of university li- brary extension to other state-supported library extension services, such as those rendered by state libraries and library commissions. Tradition, leadership, and special circum- stances in each state have been different, thereby accounting for the variations in the practices and policies of off-campus services of state university libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library; state; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11267.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11267.txt

        item: #700 of 5668
          id: crl-11271
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: ACRL Grants Program, 1959-60; News from the Field; Personnel; ACRL at Washington; New ACRL Officers and Appointments; The First ACRL Rare Books Conference
        date: 1959-06-30
       words: 9876
      flesch: 62
     summary: O N E , assistant professor of library science and head of the refer- ence department at Bowling Green State University Library, died on March 18, 1959. A R Q U A N D , Pulitzer-Prize winning author, has given all of his literary manu- scripts to Yale University Library.
    keywords: e r; h e; library; r l; r t; t h; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11271.pdf
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        item: #701 of 5668
          id: crl-11272
      author: Mearns, David C.
       title: To Be Enduring: The National Union Catalog Of Manuscript Collections
        date: 1959-08-31
       words: 3811
      flesch: 55
     summary: T h e work that it will impose will be hard work. At a meeting called by the Librarian of Congress, L. Quincy Mumford, on March 7, 1957, attended by members of his staff and by Francis L. Berkeley, Jr., curator of manuscripts at the Uni- versity of Virginia, Lester J. Cappon, president of the Society of American Archivists and director of the Institute 344 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES of Early American History and Culture, and Boyd C. Shafer, executive secretary of the American Historical Association, it was determined that the Library of Congress should take the initiative by applying to the foundation for a grant sufficient to meet the obstetric charges.
    keywords: catalog; historical; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11272.pdf
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        item: #702 of 5668
          id: crl-11275
      author: Birnbaum, Henry
       title: The Research Library and the Scholar
        date: 1959-08-31
       words: 7323
      flesch: 69
     summary: What are their ideas in respect to the future of research libraries? Three types of scholarly or research libraries may be identified: (1) special libraries serving a small area of learning; (2) university libraries which undertake to cover the whole field of scholarship;4 and (3) libraries which fall somewhere in between, such as special collections*)' made up largely of rare and out-of-print books dealing with the same or related subjects.5 Variations in aims and pur- poses of each type of research library occur and influence the collections.
    keywords: e r; h e; r y; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11275.pdf
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        item: #703 of 5668
          id: crl-11277
      author: Vosper, Robert
       title: There Is No End
        date: 1959-08-31
       words: 9248
      flesch: 68
     summary: T h e book market I have been discussing is keenly com- petitive, and the competition increases with the establishment of new univer- sities all across the country, with the invigorated growth of the West German university libraries, and with the am- bitious acquisitions programs of Rus- sian libraries. T h e r e was no sense of impending doom, and you will recall that the prob- lems of housing and cataloging the kinds of books in that library far exceeded those which we face.
    keywords: books; e r; h e; library; t e; t h; u t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11277.pdf
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        item: #704 of 5668
          id: crl-11278
      author: Dysinger, Robert E.
       title: The Research Library in the Undergraduate College
        date: 1959-08-31
       words: 1200
      flesch: 66
     summary: I t is obvious that centralized buying and storage libraries, for those who have them, and the interlibrary loan program both help keep college libraries in busi- ness today, but such aids are not enough. it is not the small lib- eral arts college will find it difficult to attract and hold good scholars and se- cure good students, and as an educa- tional institution it may cease to be very important.
    keywords: college
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11278.pdf
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        item: #705 of 5668
          id: crl-11279
      author: Jackson, William Vernon
       title: The ACRL Grants Program: A Report of Its First Four Years
        date: 1959-08-31
       words: 8770
      flesch: 78
     summary: T h e r e are numerous lacunae in our knowledge; for instance, it seems to the writer that the problem of staffing college libraries is crying for a thorough study, as is the nature of the resources available in these institutions. N The A C R L Grants Program: A Report of Its First Four Years IN 1955 the United States Steel Founda-tion granted $30,000 to ALA to be dis- tributed to college libraries by A C R L .
    keywords: h e; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11279.pdf
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        item: #706 of 5668
          id: crl-11281
      author: Hirsch, Rudolf
       title: Die Bibliotheksraume der deutschen Kloster im Mittelalter (Book Review)
        date: 1959-08-31
       words: 674
      flesch: 64
     summary: T h i s volume deals preponderantly with German libraries, but constant comparison with English, French, and Italian libraries enhances its value beyond local or national interest. T h e study of history of libraries and li- brarianship has naturally only a limited number of devotees.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11281.pdf
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        item: #707 of 5668
          id: crl-11286
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News From the Field; Clearinghouse for Library Research; Personnel; Status of College and University Librarians
        date: 1959-08-31
       words: 13510
      flesch: 73
     summary: A preliminary report of the study was made in an article entitled I s T h e r e A Sight to Open Khrushchev s Eyes ON THE CAMPUS—In o r d e r to get t h e r e a l feel of A m e r i c a , you have to see it n o t o n l y w o r k i n g a
    keywords: e d; e n; e r; h e; h o; l o; n d; o n; r o; r t; t e; t h; t o
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11286.pdf
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        item: #708 of 5668
          id: crl-11287
      author: Danton, J. Periam
       title: Doctoral Study in Librarianship In the United States
        date: 1959-11-01
       words: 19390
      flesch: 91
     summary: O U G L A S , R O B E R T R H E R T E L , R O B E R T R U S S E L L .
    keywords: c o; e l; e n; e o; e r; h e; l o; o n; r o; r t; t e; t o
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11287.pdf
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        item: #709 of 5668
          id: crl-11292
      author: Lundy, Frank A.
       title: Philosophical Concepts of Professional Organization
        date: 1959-11-01
       words: 5981
      flesch: 63
     summary: But there is no real home base—is there?—within the whole A L A for the problems of university libraries and their librarians. All of the basic studies of library activities are now being assigned to the activity di- visions of A L A .
    keywords: university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11292.pdf
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        item: #710 of 5668
          id: crl-11294
      author: Forman, Sidney
       title: English Libraries, 1800-1850 (Book Review)
        date: 1959-11-01
       words: 653
      flesch: 64
     summary: The history of English libraries is part of the Western library tradition, despite the fact that it preserved a native individuality. T o illustrate the nature of Carlyle's motivation favoring libraries, a journal en- try of 1832 is cited: What a sad want I am in of libraries, of books to gather facts from!
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11294.pdf
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        item: #711 of 5668
          id: crl-11295
      author: Barnett, Abraham N.
       title: Reviews in Library Book Selection (Book Review)
        date: 1959-11-01
       words: 1963
      flesch: 64
     summary: First, he sum- marizes the literature of the subject and finds that earlier studies, although isolated and scattered, make a devasting picture of the inadequacies of book reviewing. Despite these limitations and the more serious ones noted above, it should be emphasized that book reviewing is so much a part of the li- brarian's work that encouragement should be given to studies of it in its various phases.
    keywords: book; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11295.pdf
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        item: #712 of 5668
          id: crl-11297
      author: Whitby, Thomas J.
       title: New Directions in Soviet Planned Bibliography
        date: 1960-01-01
       words: 2507
      flesch: 49
     summary: T h e areas considered are current bibliography, retrospective bib- liography, selected bibliography, re- gional bibliography, bibliography of bib- liography, and bio-bibliography. It reads as follows: In the field of re- gional bibliography it is deemed nec- essary: to prepare plans in each oblast, kray, and republic for the development of regional bibliography; to provide in each oblast, kray, and republic for the regular issuance of a bulletin of current regional bibliography; to compile and publish regional retrospective bibliogra- phies in economics, natural conditions and resources, as well as topical bibliog- raphies on current problems relating to the tasks set forth at the 21st Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; to unite the efforts of libraries in the compilation of regional bibliogra- phies by geographic region (the Urals, the North, Siberia, etc.); to involve the All-Union Geographical Society and other societies and institutions in the 10 C O L L E
    keywords: bibliography; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11297.pdf
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        item: #713 of 5668
          id: crl-11298
      author: Price, Miles O.
       title: The Place of the Law School Library in Library Administration
        date: 1960-01-01
       words: 4758
      flesch: 66
     summary: Exceptions are per- missible only where there is preponder- ance of affirmative evidence in a particu- lar school, satisfactory to the Council, that the advantages of autonomy can be 1 Since, with one exception, the statements of law li- brarians on the subject of this paper have been the product of those from autonomous libraries and with- out general library or integrated law library experience, perhaps I should state whatever qualifications I may possess for intruding my views on a controversial sub- ject. T o advert to personalities: T h e dean is the most important single factor in developing the collection and rendering reasonably satisfactory service—and this whether the library is autonomous (as most law school libraries are to some ex- tent) or integrated (as some of the largest and best are).
    keywords: law; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11298.pdf
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        item: #714 of 5668
          id: crl-11299
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1958-1959
        date: 1960-01-01
       words: 6800
      flesch: 79
     summary: T h e r e is a title T h e r e is a subject index and an index of organizations with titles both in Eng- lish and foreign languages.
    keywords: r e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11299.pdf
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        item: #715 of 5668
          id: crl-11300
      author: Ranz, Jim
       title: College and University Library Statistics, 1958/59
        date: 1960-01-01
       words: 66278
      flesch: 99
     summary: A N S , SCHOOL, C O L L E G E , AND D E P A N S , ASSOCIATE OR SCHOOL, C O L L E G E , ASSISTANT AND
    keywords: e d; e e; e n; e r; n d; o o; p e; r o; r t; t e; t o
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11300.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11300.txt

        item: #716 of 5668
          id: crl-11301
      author: Smith, Alison
       title: Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index (Book Review)
        date: 1960-01-01
       words: 2221
      flesch: 60
     summary: T h e sixteenth DC also contains true ex- pansion in its subdivisions of numbers to provide places for new topics. From the beginning, classifiers have recognized the basic conflict between the principles of keep- ing pace with knowledge and maintaining the integrity of numbers.
    keywords: sixteenth
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11301.pdf
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        item: #717 of 5668
          id: crl-11306
      author: Veit, Fritz
       title: The Status of the Librarian According to Accrediting Standards of Regional and Professional Associations
        date: 1960-03-01
       words: 8255
      flesch: 81
     summary: I D E R E I D E R E
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11306.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11306.txt

        item: #718 of 5668
          id: crl-11307
      author: Kaufman, Geraldine
       title: New Periodicals of 1959--Part II
        date: 1960-03-01
       words: 14774
      flesch: 95
     summary: T h e r e are also columns devoted to il- lustrated descriptions of new items for market. F r e e .
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; e s; o r; r t; s t; t e; t o; u e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11307.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11307.txt

        item: #719 of 5668
          id: crl-11316
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: ACRL and ARL to Sponsor Metcalf Research Project
        date: 1960-03-01
       words: 669
      flesch: 52
     summary: Jesse, director of libraries, University of Tennessee; Stephen A . McCarthy, director of libraries, Cornell University, and execu- tive secretary of A R L ; Frank B. Rogers, director, National Library of Medicine, Ei- leen Thornton, librarian, Oberlin College; and a representative of faculty interest in library building, to be designated. In a news release from the Council on Library Resources announcing the project, William S. Dix, librarian of Princeton Uni- versity and former executive secretary of A R L comments: Despite the huge sums involved in construction and equipment— a single university library building may cost several to many millions of dollars to build and equip—there is at present no compila- tion which can provide the planners of library buildings with the vast fund of avail- able information which should be brought to bear but which is now scattered.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11316.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11316.txt

        item: #720 of 5668
          id: crl-11317
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel; Nominees for ACRL Offices
        date: 1960-03-01
       words: 13374
      flesch: 84
     summary: T h e r e are sections devoted to principles of book selec- tion, censorship, and surveying a n d weed- ing collections, as well as material about trade a n d national bibliography a n d opera- tions in order work. O T T E R , librarian of division in Deering Library, Northwestern Mills College, Oakland, Calif., u n t
    keywords: e d; e n; e r; h e; n d; r o; r t; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11317.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11317.txt

        item: #721 of 5668
          id: crl-11319
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Comment; ACRL Microcard Series — Abstracts of Titles
        date: 1960-03-01
       words: 6945
      flesch: 99
     summary: T h e r e was so m u c h to talk a b o u t Jackson f u r t h e r points out that of the schools considered for A C R L grants, which were an excellent sample of non-tax-supported liberal arts col- leges, over two-thirds expended less than $10,000 yearly for library materials.
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11319.pdf
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        item: #722 of 5668
          id: crl-11330
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; ACRL Meetings at Montreal; Personnel
        date: 1960-04-30
       words: 18437
      flesch: 102
     summary: o r o u g h revision T h e authors are Margaret E. M o n r o e and Jean Stewart, w h o
    keywords: c o; e d; e e; e n; e r; h e; m e; n d; o n; r o; t e; t o
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11330.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11330.txt

        item: #723 of 5668
          id: crl-11335
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1959-1960
        date: 1960-06-30
       words: 7496
      flesch: 74
     summary: Sociologist is broadly interpreted, so that such historical figures as Hobbes, A d a m Smith, Marx, etc., are included, as well as many contemporaries m o r e specifically identified with other disciplines. p o r R u b e n Perez Ortiz.
    keywords: h e; r e; r o; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11335.pdf
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        item: #724 of 5668
          id: crl-11336
      author: Sweet, Arthur P.
       title: As Long As We Both Shall Live : In Which a Lesser Librarian Reviews His Reading Problem
        date: 1960-06-30
       words: 13785
      flesch: 82
     summary: o n o r or duty never to m O n e other question is pertinent to this p o r t i o n of the litigation: the decision to buy o r to b o r r o w .
    keywords: h e; o u; r e; r o; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11336.pdf
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        item: #725 of 5668
          id: crl-11339
      author: Talmadge, Robert L.
       title: Librarians Wanted: Careers in Library Service (Book Review)
        date: 1960-06-30
       words: 2333
      flesch: 61
     summary: These include public libraries (Cleveland; Dallas; Pittsfield, Massachusetts; South Hero, Vermont; and the Grosse Pointe Public Library near De- troit); regional, school, college and univer- sity (Duke, Dartmouth, Howard, Hebrew Union, Fairfield, Air Force Academy, and Stanford); government (Library of Congress, Department of Agriculture, Washington State Library, and the Chicago and Los An- geles Municipal Reference Libraries); and finally some twenty-eight special libraries of all varieties: Mayo Clinic, John Crerar, Gen- eral Motors Public Relations Library (Ford's Engineering Staff Library gets approximately equal space), the AFL-CIO Library, McGraw- Hill, New York's Mercantile Library Associa- tion Library, the Truman Library, and the like. Recruiting for Librarianship Librarians Wanted: Careers in Library Serv- ice.
    keywords: book; librarians; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11339.pdf
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        item: #726 of 5668
          id: crl-11344
      author: Erickson, Edgar L.
       title: The Sessional Papers: Last Phase
        date: 1960-08-31
       words: 14435
      flesch: 80
     summary: Unfore- seen technical difficulties and legal and financial troubles added f u r t h e r to the complications, all of which caused a stale- mate in operations for several years. T h e r e are 963 Bills, 174 Reports, and 1,032 Accounts and Papers.
    keywords: e d; e n; e r; h e; n d; n t; r t; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11344.pdf
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        item: #727 of 5668
          id: crl-11348
      author: Dix, William S.
       title: Leadership in Academic Libraries
        date: 1960-08-31
       words: 8795
      flesch: 88
     summary: T h e r e is no short cut and no easy formula. T h e r e is no substitute for money— except books.
    keywords: e r; h e; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11348.pdf
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        item: #728 of 5668
          id: crl-11349
      author: Kaufman, Geraldine
       title: New Periodicals of 1960--Part I
        date: 1960-08-31
       words: 7750
      flesch: 87
     summary: T r e a s u r e r , A m e r i c a n Association of L a w L i I n fulfilling a Presidential directive, the Division of Radiological H e a l t h , Public H e a l t h Service, was as- signed the primary responsibility within the Executive Branch for the col- lection, analysis, a n d i n t e r p r e t a t
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11349.pdf
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        item: #729 of 5668
          id: crl-11360
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel; Grants for Libraries and Individuals: The ACRL Program for 1960/61; ACRL President's Report, 1959-60; ACRL Microcard Series — Abstracts of Titles
        date: 1960-08-31
       words: 12291
      flesch: 85
     summary: o v e r t e r brings a broad educational background a n d the ex- perience of twenty-three years of professional library work. O V E R T E R has been a p
    keywords: e r; h e; r o; r t; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11360.pdf
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        item: #730 of 5668
          id: crl-11362
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: The Dogma of Book Selection in University Libraries
        date: 1960-11-01
       words: 3155
      flesch: 57
     summary: The realistic facts of the problem of book selection in university libraries are: (1) no one person is competent to select individual titles on a broad general basis; (2) the volume of publication is so great that there must be some form of selection; (3) no library has the funds to acquire, the personnel to process, and the space to shelve everything that ap- pears; and (4) who can predict what may be significant for future research in the deluge of preserved information? These are but a few examples of the multiplicity of problems involved in book selection in university libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library; selection; titles; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11362.pdf
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        item: #731 of 5668
          id: crl-11364
      author: Zeitlin, Jake
       title: Bookselling Among the Sciences
        date: 1960-11-01
       words: 3165
      flesch: 61
     summary: These are a few instances of how much has been done by private book collectors with the enthusiasm, the means and the freedom from administrative restraints. Here in Montreal we are in close prox- imity to two world-renowned examples of the specialized historical library gath- ered by dedicated book collectors and re- tained in tact for the use of scholars.
    keywords: catalogs; history; science; scientific
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11364.pdf
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        item: #732 of 5668
          id: crl-11365
      author: Slack, Kenneth T.
       title: A New Library for a New College
        date: 1960-11-01
       words: 2047
      flesch: 65
     summary: And since it was the full intention of the Church College of Hawaii to meet the Western College Association standards in every phase of their effort, this fact alone was sufficient evidence to cause the board to decide to build a much larger library. Read- ing spaces are relatively small, rather than the monumental study halls found in libraries of the past.
    keywords: church; college; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11365.pdf
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        item: #733 of 5668
          id: crl-11366
      author: Melum, Verna V.
       title: Library Instruction to 2000 Freshmen
        date: 1960-11-01
       words: 4377
      flesch: 70
     summary: Two additional reportings are made in order to encour- age students to do their best work, how- ever; first, a letter grade is reported for the test so that the student may know the degree of proficiency he attained; sec- ond, an S plus is reported for students who have almost perfect work on the problems and A on the test. When the library sci- ence area was started, library instruction to freshmen was given by members of this department.
    keywords: instruction; library; problems; reference; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11366.pdf
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        item: #734 of 5668
          id: crl-11367
      author: Alston, Annie May
       title: The Happy Medium in Library Instruction at the College Level
        date: 1960-11-01
       words: 1017
      flesch: 56
     summary: N AN EFFORT to avoid the extremes of no library instruction for college students and the required library course for all students, library instruction has fallen in our institution- a liberal arts, church- related college with student enrollment of 1,000-at a midway point between these two extremes. FoR THE FRESHMEN All freshmen, through their English classes (thirteen sections with an average of thirty students to the section this year), come to the library for one hour of library instruction near the beginning of the fall semester.
    keywords: library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11367.pdf
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        item: #735 of 5668
          id: crl-11368
      author: Fair, Ethel M.
       title: Wanted: More Research
        date: 1960-11-01
       words: 3091
      flesch: 56
     summary: These represent subjects offered by three li- brary schools described by Danton from library school catalogs and correspond- ence. showing concisely the history of the pro- gram, its character, its products and the obstacles to greater participation in scholarly research in the profession.
    keywords: knowledge; libraries; library; reader; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11368.pdf
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        item: #736 of 5668
          id: crl-11372
      author: Ballou, Hubbard W.
       title: Production of Micro-Forms & Reading Devices for Micro-Images (Book Review)
        date: 1960-11-01
       words: 1426
      flesch: 63
     summary: However, if anyone has difficulty in under- standing the complications of the special cataloging routines involved for the Library of Congress, let him be sure to read pp. Here the experiment is described step by step along with the Library of Congress' viewpoint, the publishers' ex- perience and attitude, the report on the con- sumer reaction survey, the report of the ALA Cataloging Policy and Research Committee, as well as the final considerations and pos- sible alternatives.
    keywords: cataloging; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11372.pdf
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        item: #737 of 5668
          id: crl-11373
      author: Ballou, Hubbard W.
       title: Library Trends, VIII (1960), no. 1 (Book Review)
        date: 1960-11-01
       words: 708
      flesch: 61
     summary: Library Trends, VIII (1960), no. 1 (Photo- duplication in Libraries. Photoduplication has been the subject of single articles appearing in four previous is- sues of Library Trends.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11373.pdf
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        item: #738 of 5668
          id: crl-11375
      author: Ballou, Hubbard W.
       title: Microtext in the Form of Opaque Cards and Transparent Microfilm/Review of Progress 1959 (Book Review)
        date: 1960-11-01
       words: 728
      flesch: 63
     summary: Besides noting the Microcard Corporation's current program, he mentions some future developments: a facility for the production of Microcards by small units such as libraries, and a print-out device for Microcards. This is a must item for all library schools, as well as recommended reading for those who have been out in working libraries for many years.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11375.pdf
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        item: #739 of 5668
          id: crl-11377
      author: Ballou, Hubbard W.
       title: John Benjamin Dancer- Library Association Occasional Papers, No. 2 (Book Review)
        date: 1960-11-01
       words: 728
      flesch: 63
     summary: Besides noting the Microcard Corporation's current program, he mentions some future developments: a facility for the production of Microcards by small units such as libraries, and a print-out device for Microcards. This is a must item for all library schools, as well as recommended reading for those who have been out in working libraries for many years.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11377.pdf
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        item: #740 of 5668
          id: crl-11378
      author: Ballou, Hubbard W.
       title: Readex Microprint Publications 1950-1960 & Southwestern Newspapers on Microfilm (Book Review)
        date: 1960-11-01
       words: 644
      flesch: 64
     summary: The author expresses conviction that division of catalogs may lead to the harmonious shift to printed catalogs for subjects for older portions of the collec- tion; and similarly penetrating observations are made under the other topics discussed. As a consequence, three proposals are made for further study-one a statistical study of entry duplication in divided catalogs of vari- ous sizes; a second to test a three-way split into authors, subjects, and titles; and the third an experiment in the horizontal di- vision of the catalog by date periods.
    keywords: catalog
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11378.pdf
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        item: #741 of 5668
          id: crl-11379
      author: Weber, David C.
       title: Cataloging and Classification (Book Review)
        date: 1960-11-01
       words: 2121
      flesch: 62
     summary: It is notable that nine topics relate to the potentialities of book catalogs and ten to the use of card catalogs. \Vill book catalogs serve in part?
    keywords: books; catalog; cataloging; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11379.pdf
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        item: #742 of 5668
          id: crl-11380
      author: Parker, Wyman W.
       title: Books in My Baggage (Book Review)
        date: 1960-11-01
       words: 1418
      flesch: 62
     summary: Mudge-Winchell is a selective guide to reference books, and there is perhaps little point in cavilling at omissions or inclusions. A proper guide to reference books should be completely anno- tated, no matter what the cost.
    keywords: books; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11380.pdf
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        item: #743 of 5668
          id: crl-11381
      author: Mosher, Fredric J.
       title: Guide to Reference Books (7th ed.) Third Supplement, 1956-1958 (Book Review)
        date: 1960-11-01
       words: 1439
      flesch: 61
     summary: It seems to me that reference books are an important enough category of library materials so that an an- nual cumulating supplement to the Mudge- vVinchell Guide should be produced to aid refernce librarians in their unending strug- gle to keep their collections up-to-date. However, one necessarily harbors the sus- picion that they will be used not as buying guides only, but as order lists, and that the books and magazines will be added into junior college libraries in Florida and else- where without any consideration on the part of the librarian and faculty as to their suit- ability, and without either librarians or fac- ulty having engaged in the intellectual ex- ercise of determining whether or not these books are indeed the ones which ought to be in their particular library.
    keywords: books; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11381.pdf
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        item: #744 of 5668
          id: crl-11382
      author: Frick, Bertha M.
       title: Medieval French Miniatures (Book Review)
        date: 1960-11-01
       words: 1060
      flesch: 60
     summary: This splendid book with its store of in- formation and superb illustrations is a wel- come addition to the collection of recent publications on medieval book paintings pre- pared by experts for the general reader. The present book can stand alone but it is also a valuable complement to the catalogs--M. Porcher points out the relations between groups of manuscripts and connects book painting with contemporary influences, theological and political as well as artistic.
    keywords: book; porcher
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11382.pdf
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        item: #745 of 5668
          id: crl-11384
      author: Downs, Robert B.
       title: Crisis in Our University Libraries
        date: 1961-01-01
       words: 2420
      flesch: 59
     summary: A R I E S versity and research library financing is the inflation in costs of materials. Seldom is any specific provi- sion made, in the many rich research grants, for library materials and services, lacking which the planned investigations would be seriously handicapped if not brought to a complete standstill.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11384.pdf
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        item: #746 of 5668
          id: crl-11387
      author: Mason, Harold J.
       title: Beating the Brush for Books: The Dealers' Sources of Supply
        date: 1961-01-01
       words: 6072
      flesch: 64
     summary: I made the point that Ameri- can periodicals dealers have surprisingly and, from the standpoint of good busi- ness principle, foolishly avoided telling their clientele anything about them- selves. I distinguish periodicals dealers from subscription agents and book dealers as those companies which buy, stock, and sell back-files of predominantly out- of-print general and scholarly journals.
    keywords: h e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11387.pdf
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        item: #747 of 5668
          id: crl-11389
      author: Wilson, Louis R.
       title: The First Book in the Library of the First State University
        date: 1961-01-01
       words: 3298
      flesch: 70
     summary: T h e University was formally closed by the Trustees on February 1, 1871, and remained closed until Septem- ber 1875. Dr. Wilson is Dean Emeritus, Graduate Library School, University of Chicago, and former Librarian of the University of North Carolina.
    keywords: h e; library; t h; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11389.pdf
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        item: #748 of 5668
          id: crl-11390
      author: Murra, Kathrine Oliver
       title: Bibliographical Services in the United States, 1950-1959
        date: 1961-01-01
       words: 8304
      flesch: 56
     summary: Millions of people who never before had library service now are receiving at least some. This entails new libraries and greatly extended service from existing li- braries.
    keywords: american; congress; h e; information; libraries; library; national; r e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11390.pdf
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        item: #749 of 5668
          id: crl-11391
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1959-1960
        date: 1961-01-01
       words: 6559
      flesch: 62
     summary: Individual list- 54 C O L L E G E A N D R E S E 56 C O L L E G E A N D R E S E
    keywords: bibliography; new; r e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11391.pdf
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        item: #750 of 5668
          id: crl-11392
      author: Richmond, Phyllis A.
       title: The Role of Classification in the Modern American Library. Papers Presented at an Institute Conducted by the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science, November 1-4, 1959 (Book Review)
        date: 1961-01-01
       words: 2301
      flesch: 54
     summary: After a firm foundation in the American antecedents of modern library classification, there follows a penetrating commentary on some aspects of the philosophical basis of classification by Mortimer T a u College and Research Libraries Review Articles Role of Classification The Role of Classification in the Modern American Library.
    keywords: classification; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11392.pdf
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        item: #751 of 5668
          id: crl-11394
      author: Shera, Jesse H.
       title: Borrowings from the Bristol Library, 1773-1874; A Unique Record of Reading Vogues (Book Review)
        date: 1961-01-01
       words: 1977
      flesch: 66
     summary: T h e Bristol Library Society, a voluntary association of the type familiar to students of library history on this side of the Atlantic, was inaugurated in 1773, with a charter membership of 132 citizens who contributed one guinea annually to maintain the organ- ization. Within a year the Society had ac- quired 574 titles—not an inauspicious be- ginning for early libraries of this type.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11394.pdf
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        item: #752 of 5668
          id: crl-11395
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Sixty Grants Awarded by ACRL Committee; ACRL Meetings At Midwinter; Seven Awarded ACRL Research Grants; News from the Field; Personnel; How Donors and Collectors Contribute To a Library's Distinction
        date: 1961-01-01
       words: 12958
      flesch: 77
     summary: A R A H M I L L E R is senior professional assistant, Library School Library, Columbia University. E R L E N E T R U E T T is technical librarian, Am- cel Propulsion, Inc., Asheville, N. C.
    keywords: e e; e l; e n; e r; g e; h e; l l; o n; r l; r o; r s; r t; t e; t h; t o
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11395.pdf
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        item: #753 of 5668
          id: crl-11397
      author: Hirsch, Felix E.
       title: How Can We Implement the ALA Standards for College Libraries?
        date: 1961-03-01
       words: 3313
      flesch: 63
     summary: By F E L I X E. HIRSCH THE ACRL Committee on Standards has always felt that the responsibility for devising standards for college libraries is ours and that of the officers of the asso- ciation to which we belong. As we prepared the three drafts of the standards for college libraries we had sev- eral aims clearly in mind.
    keywords: college; standards
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11397.pdf
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        item: #754 of 5668
          id: crl-11398
      author: Tanis, Norman E.
       title: Implementing the Junior College Library Standards
        date: 1961-03-01
       words: 2433
      flesch: 58
     summary: T h e lack of adequate financing has often resulted also in inadequate housing of junior college libraries. T h e very rapidity of the growth of junior colleges has resulted in some substandard librar- ies.
    keywords: college; junior
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11398.pdf
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        item: #755 of 5668
          id: crl-11399
      author: Kaufman, Geraldine
       title: New Periodicals of 1960--Part II
        date: 1961-03-01
       words: 10149
      flesch: 67
     summary: v. 1, no. 1, September 1960. v. 1, no. 1, August/September 1960.
    keywords: articles; book; h e; international; issue; journal; new; quarterly; r e; street; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11399.pdf
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        item: #756 of 5668
          id: crl-11404
      author: Metcalf, Keyes D.
       title: Selection of Library Sites
        date: 1961-04-30
       words: 7393
      flesch: 75
     summary: Another problem sometimes occurs on hillsides, which have been particularly recommended, if they slope the right way, as building sites. Even so, the other factors should be exam- ined to determine how they will af- Mr. Metcalf is engaged in preparing a book on the planning of college, uni- versity, and research library buildings.
    keywords: building; h e; library; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11404.pdf
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        item: #757 of 5668
          id: crl-11406
      author: Stein, Jay W.
       title: Machines That Teach Better Than Books?
        date: 1961-04-30
       words: 2583
      flesch: 63
     summary: But when asked whether he read books, he implied in a stammering nega- tive that he read only books about teach- ing machines. Machine teaching is prelude to a book- less generation.
    keywords: machine
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11406.pdf
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        item: #758 of 5668
          id: crl-11407
      author: Vosper, Robert
       title: A Recent Look at University Libraries in Italy
        date: 1961-04-30
       words: 8442
      flesch: 59
     summary: there are twenty-four state (that is, national) uni- 3 T h e r e is an urgent need for more recent, sophisticated films and slides on American libraries, especially col- lege and university libraries, for display abroad. T h e r e was, on the one hand, some thought that the recent experiences of American university li- braries would be of interest to the Ital- ians, and, on the other hand, it was quite clear that most of us in the United States have been quite ignorant of the present status of Italian university libraries.
    keywords: h e; italian; libraries; library; r e; rome; t h; universities; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11407.pdf
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        item: #759 of 5668
          id: crl-11411
      author: Jahoda, Gerald
       title: ASLIB Cranfield Research Project, Report on the First Stage of an Investigation into the Comparative Efficiency of Indexing Systems (Book Review)
        date: 1961-04-30
       words: 697
      flesch: 51
     summary: T w o other variables were also selected foi this experiment: the training of the indexer (whether technical knowledge of the subject but no indexing experience, indexing experi- ence in the subject field, indexing experience in another subject field, or theoretical knowl- edge of indexing) and time allotted for in- dexing a document. T h e recent history of indexing systems is not without its paradoxes.
    keywords: indexing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11411.pdf
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        item: #760 of 5668
          id: crl-11413
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel; Second Conference on Rare Books; ACRL Constitution and Bylaws Committee Report to the Board of Directors, June 1960
        date: 1961-04-30
       words: 10726
      flesch: 71
     summary: N is administrative as- sistant to the director, Stanford (California) University Library. A R C L A Y has been named chief li- brarian of the division of special collections at Stanford University Library.
    keywords: e l; e n; e r; e s; h e; library; r o; r s; r t; r y; s t; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11413.pdf
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        item: #761 of 5668
          id: crl-11414
      author: Kraus, Joe W.
       title: The Harvard Undergraduate Library of 1773
        date: 1961-06-30
       words: 3892
      flesch: 54
     summary: T h e works of Shakespeare, Milton, Ad- dison, Gay, Pope, Thomson, James Mac- pherson, Waller, and Spenser's Faerie Queene were there along with William Shenstone, Nicholas Rowe, Lord Ros- common, Mrs. Elizabeth Rowe, Christo- pher Pitt, John Philips, William Mason, Sir Samuel Garth, and George Lillo. In English history there were sev- eral important compilations, among them, Abel Boyer's History of the Reign of Queen Anne (11 vols.), David Hume's History of England (6 vols.), Clarendon's History of the Rebellion (3 vols.), The Compleat History of England (3 vols.) completed by Bishop White Kennett, Tobias Smollett's History of England (15 vols.), Rapin-Thoyras' History of Eng- land translated and continued by Nicolas Tindal (5 vols.), and the Parliamentary or Constitutional History of England (24 vols.), and an interesting assortment of such earlier works as William Camden's Britannia and Thomas Hearne's Collec- tion of Curious Discourses.
    keywords: books; history; library; works
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11414.pdf
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        item: #762 of 5668
          id: crl-11415
      author: Seibert, Russell H.
       title: Status and Responsibilities of Academic Librarians
        date: 1961-06-30
       words: 1898
      flesch: 61
     summary: It is normally assumed that faculty members will pursue the field of their specialization through the doctorate and show at least minimal skills in the area of scholarly research and publication. Faculty members are judged by all these standards.
    keywords: librarians
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11415.pdf
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        item: #763 of 5668
          id: crl-11416
      author: Knapp, Patricia B.
       title: The Monteith Library Project, An Experiment In Library-College Relationship
        date: 1961-06-30
       words: 5773
      flesch: 63
     summary: Assuming, then, that the sequence of student library experiences will be im- plemented only to the extent that the faculty understands and accepts the ob- jective it is designed to achieve, what relationships in our structure can we use to persuade instructors to under- stand our concept and accept it as a valid objective? Our major questions have to do with the effectiveness of the structure for imple- menting student library experiences.
    keywords: h e; library; r e; student; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11416.pdf
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        item: #764 of 5668
          id: crl-11420
      author: Forgotson, Jane
       title: A Staff Librarian Views the Problem of Status
        date: 1961-06-30
       words: 5440
      flesch: 60
     summary: i s sur- vey revealed that in 35 institutions pro- fessional librarians enjoy faculty status with titles. T h u s in approximately 80 insti- tutions out of 115, the majority of li- brarians do not enjoy faculty status, al- though in a considerable number, 45, it is the practice to grant faculty titles to selected members of the staff and to clas- sify the remainder in some other fashion.
    keywords: librarians; status; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11420.pdf
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        item: #765 of 5668
          id: crl-11422
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1960-1961
        date: 1961-06-30
       words: 7034
      flesch: 64
     summary: T h e r e is a title and a subject index. T h e r e is a list of periodicals in the field, a list of publishers, and one of recordings of literary works.
    keywords: h e; r e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11422.pdf
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        item: #766 of 5668
          id: crl-11425
      author: Silver, Rollo G.
       title: A Victorian Publisher; A Study of the Bentley Papers (Book Review)
        date: 1961-06-30
       words: 1499
      flesch: 60
     summary: T h e fifth method of teaching, of which this book is a by-product, included reading in advance, case studies of specific problems in major libraries in the East, visits by individuals and then by the entire group to each of the libraries, plus talks by chief librarians and by visiting au- thorities. T h e experiments also are important to library education for the emphasis they place upon the value of the case-study method.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11425.pdf
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        item: #767 of 5668
          id: crl-11426
      author: McAnally, Arthur M.
       title: Studies in Library Administrative Problems; Eight Reports from a Seminar in Library Administration Directed by Keyes D. Metcalf (Book Review)
        date: 1961-06-30
       words: 1483
      flesch: 57
     summary: One curious aspect of the preparation of library administrators ought to be investi- gated by someone. When book papers are made by the acid sulphite process, preservation becomes im- possible.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11426.pdf
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        item: #768 of 5668
          id: crl-11427
      author: Hazen, A. T.
       title: The Manufacture and Testing of Durable Book Papers (Book Review)
        date: 1961-06-30
       words: 1496
      flesch: 58
     summary: When book papers are made by the acid sulphite process, preservation becomes im- possible. For four hundred years after the first printers learned how to multi- ply the supply of books the demand for paper remained in uneasy equilibrium with the supply.
    keywords: library; paper
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11427.pdf
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        item: #769 of 5668
          id: crl-11428
      author: Lundy, Frank A.
       title: Library Administration (Book Review)
        date: 1961-06-30
       words: 1498
      flesch: 62
     summary: Mr. Ranganadian's experience was followed by observation of daily operations in more than a hundred libraries in the United Kingdom, by years of responsibility in the administration of the Madras University Library, and by diirty years of teaching library science. Mr. Barrow's studies have pointed to one but not the only such product; the book trade and paper-technologists can work consistently towards the development of such papers.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11428.pdf
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        item: #770 of 5668
          id: crl-11429
      author: Geer, Helen T.
       title: Charging Systems (Book Review)
        date: 1961-06-30
       words: 725
      flesch: 69
     summary: T h e author, in surveying the literature on charging systems, has covered all types of systems, from the earliest times down to and including the present, for public, college, university, and special libraries both in this country and in England. This book on charging systems, which fol- lows the pattern of previous volumes in the series, T h e State of the Library Art, is a survey of the published and unpublished literature of the subject.
    keywords: systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11429.pdf
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        item: #771 of 5668
          id: crl-11430
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel; A Wary Eye to the Future: A Message from ACRUs President; ACRL Elections and Appointments
        date: 1961-06-30
       words: 9046
      flesch: 73
     summary: Before the establishment of his Washington bookstore in 1946, Mr. Kramer held various positions with Columbia University Library, Library of Congress, and Arizona State College Li- brary. R O B E R T R .
    keywords: e e; e l; e r; h e; r o; r t; t e; t h
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        item: #772 of 5668
          id: crl-11431
      author: Bryant, Douglas W.; McCarthy, Stephen A.; Smith, Donald T.
       title: Centralization and Decentralization In Academic Libraries: A Symposium - Introduction; Centralization and Decentralization at Harvard; Centralization and Decentralization at Cornell; Centralization and Decentralization at Boston
        date: 1961-08-31
       words: 9758
      flesch: 59
     summary: It has become ap- parent to the governing boards, the dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, and the director of the university library that the limited endowments of a number of the research institutions are insufficient to provide for library collections and services on a level with traditional com- mitments and in accordance with per- S E P T E M B E R 1 9 6 1 331 sonnel and salary standards generally prevailing elsewhere in the university li- brary. I N K that physical centraliza-tion of library collections and services on a large university campus is possible or desirable; degrees of centralization, on the other hand, may be and fre- quently are desirable; but, although physical centralization is not possible, it is my view that unified or centralized ad- ministration is desirable, if it can be achieved without loss of library support or vital interest.
    keywords: h e; libraries; library; r e; t e; t h; university; university library
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        item: #773 of 5668
          id: crl-11432
      author: Grove, Lee E.
       title: Predictability of Permanence in "Perfect" Library Bindings
        date: 1961-08-31
       words: 2531
      flesch: 68
     summary: T h e Theory of Adhesion, X X X X (1958), 593-595. Vegetable Base Adhesives—Starch and Dextrin Adhesives, X X X X I (1959), 12-14, 24.
    keywords: adhesives; binding; l x; x x
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11432.pdf
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        item: #774 of 5668
          id: crl-11433
      author: Metcalf, Keyes D.
       title: Alternatives to a New Library Building
        date: 1961-08-31
       words: 7725
      flesch: 70
     summary: It is recommended that short stairs, primarily for architectural pur- poses, be avoided wherever possible in library buildings. Mr. Metcalf is engaged in preparing a book on the planning of college, uni- versity, and research library buildings.
    keywords: building; h e; library; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11433.pdf
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        item: #775 of 5668
          id: crl-11438
      author: Moll, Wilhelm
       title: Frankfurt's "German Library"
        date: 1961-08-31
       words: 1341
      flesch: 57
     summary: Similarly, it has become apparent that the various end-uses of many library ma­ terials may require more than one type of binding. Finally, mention should be made of the bi-monthly Das Deutsche Buch, a selec­ tive bibliographical bulletin which is dis­ tributed primarily among scientific in­ stitutes, libraries, booksellers, publishers, and German diplomatic missions.
    keywords: german; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11438.pdf
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        item: #776 of 5668
          id: crl-11439
      author: Maurer, Geraldine Kaufman
       title: New Periodicals of 1961--Part I
        date: 1961-08-31
       words: 7060
      flesch: 66
     summary: T h e articles in the first issue are preceded by a grouping of summaries of all contributions plus biographical sketches of the authors; there are articles on government spending, industrial relations, instalment credit, interest, womanpower, etc. T h e January issue has articles on the construction of an apartment house over a new depressed expressway to the George Washington Bridge, a new tool which sim- plifies 3-dimensional drawings, and struc- tural designs for building in foreign lands.
    keywords: articles; h e; issue; january; new; r e; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11439.pdf
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        item: #777 of 5668
          id: crl-11440
      author: Zumwinkle, Richard
       title: The American Right Wing (Book Review)
        date: 1961-08-31
       words: 656
      flesch: 56
     summary: Nor do the authors intend to pro- vide a history of Right Wing movements or a full exposition of Right Wing philosophies. Right Wing favors decentralized government, individualism, and Chiang Kai-shek.
    keywords: right
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        item: #778 of 5668
          id: crl-11442
      author: Hamlin, Arthur T.
       title: University of Tennessee Library Lectuers; Numbers Ten, Eleven, and Twelve (Book Review)
        date: 1961-08-31
       words: 1443
      flesch: 56
     summary: 2 Now that ten years have elapsed an examination of library support from uni- versity appropriation would be a great serv- ice to the profession. For each author, holdings of various libraries are given in eight categories: manuscripts, journals or diaries, letters by an author, let- ters to an author, documents relating to an author, books containing marginalia by an author, special collections relating to an author, and manuscript material attributed to an author but of uncertain authenticity.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11442.pdf
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        item: #779 of 5668
          id: crl-11447
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel; ACRL Grants Program, 1961-62; ACRL Board at Cleveland; ACRL at Cleveland
        date: 1961-08-31
       words: 13683
      flesch: 64
     summary: T E R R Y , head of the cataloging department, Columbia University Libraries, retired June 30, 1961, completing forty-five years of service to the University. H E L E N L A W R E N C E S C
    keywords: e l; e r; h e; library; r l; r o; r r; r s; r t; t e; t h; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11447.pdf
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        item: #780 of 5668
          id: crl-11448
      author: Lowell, Mildred Hawksworth
       title: Indiana University Libraries, 1829-1942
        date: 1961-11-01
       words: 6270
      flesch: 58
     summary: As a result of these surveys, all librar- ies on the campuses, both in Blooming- ton and in Indianapolis, were integrated into a unified system under a director of libraries, all university money appropri- ated for purchase of library books was to 428 C O L L E Such a secondary growth, in spite of the best and most enlightened attempts to plan library development, is almost certain to respond to whatever twists the university development takes.
    keywords: h e; indiana; libraries; library; r e; t h; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11448.pdf
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        item: #781 of 5668
          id: crl-11451
      author: Dimock, Fred L.
       title: Storage Records and Servicing
        date: 1961-11-01
       words: 3553
      flesch: 68
     summary: T h e r e were many things in favor of not changing catalog records at this time, other than the fact that our method was a simple and inexpensive means of con- trol. I N G Request for general library materials stored at the North Campus annex are serviced daily.
    keywords: h e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11451.pdf
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        item: #782 of 5668
          id: crl-11452
      author: Hill, Adelaide C.
       title: Developing a Collection on Africa, South of the Sahara
        date: 1961-11-01
       words: 7213
      flesch: 80
     summary: Sampson, an Englishman, after serving four years as the editor of Drum, a magazine published in the Un- ion of South Africa for Africans, succeeds admirably in giving the reader the basic information with which he could view modern Africa with common sense. Should we approach Africa subject-wise, that is, acquire books on politics, on economics or art; or should we concern ourselves primarily with ade- quate geographical coverage concentrat- ing on South Africa, on Ghana, on Li- beria, or on Kenya?
    keywords: africa; e r; h e; r t; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11452.pdf
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        item: #783 of 5668
          id: crl-11453
      author: Brock, Clifton
       title: Reference Service in the Divisional Plan Library: Some Tentative Questions
        date: 1961-11-01
       words: 5373
      flesch: 58
     summary: I N , in his study en-titled The Development of Reference Services, has provided an admirable sur- vey of reference services as they have evolved in American public, special, and academic libraries. Rothstein documents fully the impression that the quality of reference service in special libraries has been far better than in the other two types of libraries.
    keywords: library; reference; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11453.pdf
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        item: #784 of 5668
          id: crl-11454
      author: Alden, Henry
       title: Grinnell College's Burling Library
        date: 1961-11-01
       words: 3120
      flesch: 69
     summary: No classes should be scheduled to meet regularly in the library, but seminar rooms, also useful for group study and for committee or club meetings, should be provided for special meetings of classes de- siring to use library facilities. T h e open stacks are really open, and the adjoining alcoves encourage free use of library materials—too free on occa- sion, one must admit.
    keywords: building; h e; library; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11454.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11454.txt

        item: #785 of 5668
          id: crl-11455
      author: Mearns, David C.
       title: Mitchell of California: The Memoirs of Sydney B. Mitchell, Librarian, Teacher, Gardener (Book Review)
        date: 1961-11-01
       words: 663
      flesch: 64
     summary: Since 1924, the Special Classifications Com- mittee of SLA has conducted a share-the- wealth program for such systems by build- ing a collection of classification schemes and subject heading lists through contributions from SLA Divisions, ASLIB, UNESCO, and many special, university, and public libraries throughout the world. I have taught in summer schools at others, have been a visit- ing fellow at still another, and in my inves- tigations of library service, I have been for a longer or shorter time at two or three dozen more.
    keywords: library; mitchell
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11455.pdf
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        item: #786 of 5668
          id: crl-11458
      author: Rogers, Frank B.
       title: Search and Research: the collections and users of the New York Public Library at Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street (Book Review)
        date: 1961-11-01
       words: 637
      flesch: 58
     summary: If the decision is to concentrate university adult education programs at the college level (and financial support may dictate this de- cision in view of the special function of uni- versities in the field of higher education) then the public library, as the people's uni- versity, undoubtedly will be expected to assume, with other agencies, major respon- sibility for adult education. , university adult education can play a meaningful role only by rigorously defin- ing its distinctive place, by setting a limit to the tasks that it will undertake and an order of priority among them.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11458.pdf
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        item: #787 of 5668
          id: crl-11462
      author: Schick, Frank L.
       title: The Future of Library Service and Education for Librarianship
        date: 1962-01-01
       words: 1197
      flesch: 57
     summary: T h e Institute will bring together be- tween 100 and 125 librarians and library administrators from school, college, uni- versity, public, and special libraries and faculty members of library schools to plan joint programs. It will be directed toward an exploration of needed adapta- tions in emphasis and subject content in the programs of study, research activities, and curricula of library schools through anticipated changes in the demographic, social, and economic conditions.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11462.pdf
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        item: #788 of 5668
          id: crl-11467
      author: Confer, Elizabeth D.
       title: University Library Branches Abroad
        date: 1962-01-01
       words: 2587
      flesch: 66
     summary: While continuing their course work in academic subjects, library students would have the inesti- mable benefit of language preparation in a foreign country, as well as the oppor- tunity to observe some great public and private libraries abroad in action. While colonial librarians may have antic- ipated that a current in the opposite direction would be stimulated when Eu- ropean libraries began to find it worth while to acquire books published in the New World, it is unlikely that they fore- saw that American college library re- sources for actual use by American stu- dents in American reading rooms would eventually cross the Atlantic.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11467.pdf
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        item: #789 of 5668
          id: crl-11469
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1960-1961
        date: 1962-01-01
       words: 7508
      flesch: 75
     summary: T h e r e are full tables of contents and an a u t h o r index, but n o subject index. T h e r e is an index of authors, titles, and subjects.—E.S. Index to Labor Union Periodicals: a Cumulative Subject Index to Materials from a Selected List of Newspapers and Journals Published by Major Labor Unions.
    keywords: e r; h e; o r; r t; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11469.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11469.txt

        item: #790 of 5668
          id: crl-11473
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel; Grants Awarded by ACRL Committee
        date: 1962-01-01
       words: 31075
      flesch: 107
     summary: i b r a r i a n at W a r n e r R o n i a T u r r e n t
    keywords: e e; e l; e n; e r; h e; l o; n t; o n; r o; r r; r t; t e; t o
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11473.pdf
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        item: #791 of 5668
          id: crl-11474
      author: Metcalf, Keyes D.
       title: Compact Shelving
        date: 1962-03-01
       words: 6386
      flesch: 76
     summary: Here, in order to simplify matters, two formulas will be taken as a base; they are arbitrary and debatable, and are by no means satisfactory for all institutions, but they make it possible to compare book capacities of different arrange- ments. These three basic methods can be char- acterized as: (1) methods of shelving more books in the existing sections; (2) methods of devoting a larger percentage of the available floor space to regular shelving; and (3) methods of increasing the capacity of a given floor space by us- ing special kinds of shelving.
    keywords: h e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11474.pdf
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        item: #792 of 5668
          id: crl-11477
      author: Maurer, Geraldine Kaufman
       title: New Periodicals of 1961--Part II
        date: 1962-03-01
       words: 12270
      flesch: 92
     summary: 2 7 0 2 M o n r o e S t r e e t , M T h e r e are book reviews.
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; h e; n t; o n; o r; t e; t o; t r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11477.pdf
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        item: #793 of 5668
          id: crl-11483
      author: Brock, Clifton
       title: The Federal Deopsitory System: A Proposal for Change
        date: 1962-04-30
       words: 11242
      flesch: 83
     summary: Much of this concern has cen- tered on the relatively inflexible method of designating depository libraries and the gross inequities in distribution of documents resulting from this method. the depository system tied to congressional districts, this action automatically set a limit on the possible number of depository libraries.
    keywords: e r; e s; r o; s s; s t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11483.pdf
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        item: #794 of 5668
          id: crl-11484
      author: Borchardt, D. H.
       title: Australian Bibliography: An Assay
        date: 1962-04-30
       words: 7847
      flesch: 79
     summary: T h e r e is, alas, no very comprehensive bibliography avail- able and as the years roll on it becomes less and less likely that a full-dress bib- liography, both historical and critical, of Australian political and sociological thought will be compiled. T h e r e are, in addi- tion, several current bibliographies of great importance to the student of Aus- tralia since they index periodical litera- ture.
    keywords: e r; h e; l l; l o; o n; r n; r r; r t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11484.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11484.txt

        item: #795 of 5668
          id: crl-11485
      author: Brewer, Frances J.
       title: Special problems of Special Collections
        date: 1962-04-30
       words: 4186
      flesch: 68
     summary: It is difficult to believe that this Renaissance library of about twelve hundred titles may serve as an example in pointing out all problems and aspects of special collections. Refer- ence versus circulating books in public libraries, books for the graduate level versus the undergraduate, mean that the holdings are divided into two separate units or special collections.
    keywords: h e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11485.pdf
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        item: #796 of 5668
          id: crl-11496
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel; ACRL President's Letter; ACRL Microcard Series — Abstracts of Titles
        date: 1962-04-30
       words: 35949
      flesch: 96
     summary: I N T E R P R E T E R ' S ! f o u r t e e n years, Maur- ice F .
    keywords: c o; e d; e e; e l; e n; e r; e s; h e; l o; m e; n d; n t; o n; r n; r o; r r; r t; t e; t h; t o; t t; u r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11496.pdf
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        item: #797 of 5668
          id: crl-11499
      author: Weber, David C.
       title: Book Catalogs: Prospects in the Decade Ahead
        date: 1962-06-30
       words: 6359
      flesch: 72
     summary: Here is an impor- tant aspect of librarianship which will save library card catalogs from break- ing down and growing to chaotic pro- portions. I n his consideration of the library of nineteen years in the future (that is, of 1958), he then made this forecast for catalog cards: It is now the publisher's business to pro- vide them for new books or other records.
    keywords: catalog; e r; library; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11499.pdf
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        item: #798 of 5668
          id: crl-11500
      author: Salmon, Eugene N.
       title: Clerical Aptitude In Library Employment
        date: 1962-06-30
       words: 3458
      flesch: 74
     summary: T h i s test has simple instructions, requires only fifteen min- utes to administer, and can be scored easily, with the results available in a few minutes. A specimen set, including manual and key, can be purchased for 50 cents; a group of twenty five sets of tests, including manual and key, sells for $ 2 . 0 0 ; one hundred tests cost $7.00.
    keywords: test
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11500.pdf
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        item: #799 of 5668
          id: crl-11501
      author: Winchell, Constance M.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1961-1962
        date: 1962-06-30
       words: 6279
      flesch: 75
     summary: i n t e r e s t t o r e f e r e n c e w o r k e r s i n u T h e r e are indexes of main entries and of subjects.—J.N.W. C L
    keywords: h e; r e; t e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11501.pdf
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        item: #800 of 5668
          id: crl-11508
      author: Jackson, William Vernon
       title: College, University and Special Libraries of the Pacific Northwest (Book Review)
        date: 1962-06-30
       words: 2179
      flesch: 51
     summary: The longest chapter in the book and that which presents the most detailed information covers medical libraries. These data not only give many basic facts in detail but provide supporting evidence for the general conclusion that medical libraries and li- brary service, like their legal counterparts, are inadequate.
    keywords: classification; college; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11508.pdf
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        item: #801 of 5668
          id: crl-11509
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: American Library Classification, with Special Reference to the Library of Congress (Book Review)
        date: 1962-06-30
       words: 1303
      flesch: 51
     summary: The major contribution of this work is the discussion of the development of the Li- brary of Congress classification (chapters XIII-XVIII). 12-volume set} $89.50 Each volume} $8.75 ABINGDON PRESS NASHVILLE 2, TENNESSEE In Canada: G. R. Welch Company, Ltd., Toronto In Australasia: Thomas C. Lothian, Melbourne J U I. Y 1 9 6 2 Library Surveys College and University Library Surveys 1938- 1952.
    keywords: classification; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11509.pdf
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        item: #802 of 5668
          id: crl-11511
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel; ACRL Elections and Appointments; ACRL Board at Miami Beach; ACRL at Miami Beach; Report of the Special Committee on ACRL Program; ACRL President's Report To the ALA Council, June 18, 1962
        date: 1962-06-30
       words: 29884
      flesch: 101
     summary: Af- t e r r e c e i u r o r d e r a n
    keywords: e c; e d; e e; e n; e r; h e; l e; m e; n t; o n; r o; r r; r t; t e; t o; t t
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11511.pdf
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        item: #803 of 5668
          id: crl-11514
      author: Metcalf, Keyes D.
       title: Seating Accomodations
        date: 1962-08-31
       words: 6088
      flesch: 75
     summary: Is it a residential institution with students living in the immediate neighborhood who can be expected to use the library heavily in the evening, or Dr. Me tealf is engaged in preparing a book on the planning of college, uni- versity, and research library buildings. It is suggested that the administrative officers of the college should be respon- sible for an estimate of the increase in the number of students to be enrolled during the period for which the proposed building is designed to be adequate and that they should also indicate whether there are plans for changes in admissions S E P T E M B E R 1 9 6 2 3 7 5 and educational policies that will affect library use.
    keywords: h e; t e; t h
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        item: #804 of 5668
          id: crl-11515
      author: Henkle, Herman H.
       title: The John Crear Library and Plans for Its New Building
        date: 1962-08-31
       words: 3892
      flesch: 75
     summary: T h e ob- jective was to bring each of these facets of research library services into as close association with each of the others as utilization of space could provide. T h e initial stimulus for this review was rooted in problems of economics, but the direction in which the library has moved was influenced in a large degree by the desire of the board of directors and the administrative officers of the library to re-examine the collections and the service program in the light of current needs for library service within the fields repre- sented by the Crerar collections.
    keywords: r o
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        item: #805 of 5668
          id: crl-11516
      author: Rink, Bernard C.
       title: Community College Library-Cultural Solar Plexus
        date: 1962-08-31
       words: 2392
      flesch: 67
     summary: Logically, therefore, our functional benchmark is the North Central Association axiom that exhorts college libraries to provide the materials S E P T E M B E R 1 9 6 2 3 8 9 necessary to fulfill the educational task of the institution. In fulfilling these responsibilities, Northwestern Michigan College library embarks on a decade of dynamic devel- opment that will endeavor to bring ideas and people closer together.
    keywords: library
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        item: #806 of 5668
          id: crl-11521
      author: Jordan, Robert T.
       title: The "Complete Package" College Library
        date: 1962-08-31
       words: 5222
      flesch: 79
     summary: E x t e r n a l T h e r e is a strik- ing need for some way to increase drasti- cally the quality of college libraries, especially in 'have not' institutions, par-
    keywords: o n
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        item: #807 of 5668
          id: crl-11527
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel; ACRL Constitution and Bylaws; ACRL Grants Program, 1962; Sixtieth Meeting of the Association of Research Libraries
        date: 1962-08-31
       words: 40979
      flesch: 103
     summary: l e f o r t h e r e c l a s s i p as a career to fall in with a c o n c e r t e
    keywords: b e; e d; e e; e n; e r; h e; m e; n d; n t; o n; r o; r r; r t; t e; t h; t o; t t
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        item: #808 of 5668
          id: crl-11528
      author: Govan, James F.
       title: This Is, Indeed, the Heart of the Matter
        date: 1962-11-01
       words: 4231
      flesch: 68
     summary: i s plainly would accommodate larger numbers of students. N O V E M B E R 1 9 6 2 467 Numerous experiments with instruc- tion are going on in our colleges and universities, and almost all of them re- quire more independent reading by students.
    keywords: t h
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        item: #809 of 5668
          id: crl-11531
      author: Holley, Edward G.; Oram, Robert W.
       title: University Library Orientation By Television
        date: 1962-11-01
       words: 4852
      flesch: 70
     summary: T h e fol- lowing table indicates the comparison of test results for tours and T V program for the education library. T h e program covered the same area as the tours had covered and had to be designed so that it gave orientation not only to rhetoric students but to any other group of potential users.
    keywords: h e
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        item: #810 of 5668
          id: crl-11532
      author: Josey, E. J.
       title: The Role of the College Library Staff In Instruction in the Use of the Library
        date: 1962-11-01
       words: 5341
      flesch: 73
     summary: 4 Regarding question three, which is concerned with library instruction given as a unit in the freshman English course, 118 or 30 per cent indicated that one lecture is given to English classes by library staff; 103 or 26 per cent give a series of lectures by the library staff English classes and 176 or 44 per cent 4 Letter from Richard A. Farley, associate director of libraries, University of Nebraska, April 14, 1961. i s point of view is expressed by the associate director of the University of Nebraska libraries who warns, W e must overcome the general idea that library instruction is some- thing that can be tacked on a one-day orientation program. . . .
    keywords: e r
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        item: #811 of 5668
          id: crl-11539
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel; Doctoral Study In Librarianship — A Supplement
        date: 1962-11-01
       words: 22410
      flesch: 102
     summary: T H E O R E T I T h e r e are name, subject heading, and repository indexes.
    keywords: e d; e e; e l; e n; e r; e s; h e; n t; o n; r o; r t; t e; t o
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        item: #812 of 5668
          id: crl-11541
      author: Clapp, Verner W.; Jordan, Robert T.
       title: Re-Evaluation of Microfilm As a Method of Book Storage
        date: 1963-01-01
       words: 5990
      flesch: 67
     summary: W. CLAPP AND ROBERT T. JORDAN EVER SINCE THE INTRODUCTION of micro- film into library work librarians have harbored the hope that its use might lead to a reduction of storage costs. This study has been held strictly to the question of storage costs, in order to elicit the facts of the relationship of mi- crofilming to them.
    keywords: cost; film; pages; service; storage
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        item: #813 of 5668
          id: crl-11542
      author: Zimmerman, John
       title: So, Catalogers Are Scarce
        date: 1963-01-01
       words: 1913
      flesch: 68
     summary: Sub- ject headings were brought up to date through the basic list and supplements; the flow of books through cataloging routine was reviewed; decisions written on slips of paper were coordinated, re- viewed and typed in readable form on sheets; sample book cards, pockets, and sets of catalog cards were assembled. Because the pink slip would be tied up for some weeks, faculty would be notified via the buff card from the on- order drawer as soort as the list of books added to the library was typed.
    keywords: books; library
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        item: #814 of 5668
          id: crl-11544
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1961-1962
        date: 1963-01-01
       words: 6005
      flesch: 61
     summary: For some, bibliographies are appended, but in many others references are cited only within the text. This issue represents a cumulation of the monthly author and subject indexes for volume 22.
    keywords: american; articles; dictionary; guide; index; information; new; reference; subject; volume
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        item: #815 of 5668
          id: crl-11547
      author: Flanagan, John T.
       title: Presentation Copies in the Sandburg Library
        date: 1963-01-01
       words: 3679
      flesch: 69
     summary: The distinguished biographer of Robert E. Lee sent Sandburg a reprinted edi- torial from his Richmond News Leader on March 26, 1950, and commented: To Carl Sandburg who may smile at the hexameters hidden in the prose form, but he will understand the sentiment, I know, as surely as he will the affection of Douglas Southall Freeman The late Professor James G. Randall, long an intimate friend of Sandburg, pre- sented a revised version of his Constitu- tional Problems Under Lincoln (1951), and wrote: Dear Carl: There's only one Carl Sandburg, so I'd better quit wishing I could write like you.
    keywords: book; carl; chicago; copy; library; sandburg
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        item: #816 of 5668
          id: crl-11548
      author: Blake, Fay M.
       title: Expanding Exchanges
        date: 1963-01-01
       words: 2293
      flesch: 52
     summary: Our exchange relations with the also discovered a number of exchange new nations can be regarded as invest- possibilities by checking the list of ex- ments in the future. The instability of some of the new regimes creates additional headaches for exchange librarians.
    keywords: exchange; library; new; university
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        item: #817 of 5668
          id: crl-11549
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: The ALA-Ford Foundation Burma Projects: A Report
        date: 1963-01-01
       words: 4566
      flesch: 58
     summary: Others who were hired full time by the projects were able to compete successfully for permanent positions because, they claimed, of the experience they had had in an American type of library. Libraries in thirty-five states in all regions of the country have been awarded grants this year.
    keywords: college; libraries; library; rangoon; science; social; university
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        item: #818 of 5668
          id: crl-11550
      author: Muller, Robert
       title: A Handbook of American Library Resources (Book Review)
        date: 1963-01-01
       words: 647
      flesch: 57
     summary: Some of the impressions gained in perus- ing the booklet are (1) that research librar- ies vary greatly in holdings, rate of growth, allocation of funds , etc.; (2) that the rela- tive position of different libraries with re- gard to these aspects can change substantial- ly over a period of years; (3) that coopera- tive efforts among research libraries have progressed to some extent but have a long way yet to go; and (4) that American li- brary resources are quite unevenly distribut- ed.-Robert Muller, University of Mi chigan Libraries. The term Handbook in the title of the publication may lead some prospective users to expect more substantive information on American library resources than they will find in statistical tables of expenditures, number of acquisitions, distribution of book stocks, or cost estimates for union catalogs.
    keywords: library
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        item: #819 of 5668
          id: crl-11552
      author: Barker, Dale L.
       title: Technical Information in the U.S.S.R. (Book Review)
        date: 1963-01-01
       words: 2165
      flesch: 50
     summary: Our knowledge of Soviet libraries and library techniques has in the past come from re- ports of touring librarians or from surveys by experts such as Horecky or Gorokhoff. One does not have to recite in detail the objections that one might have to the new classification, even for new American libraries or for col- lections which have not been classified.
    keywords: classification; libraries; library; soviet
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        item: #820 of 5668
          id: crl-11553
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: Rider's International classification for the Arrangement of Books on the Shelves of General Libraries (Review)
        date: 1963-01-01
       words: 1451
      flesch: 55
     summary: It has been compiled solely for the shelving of books for general libraries, (i.e. public libraries, college libraries, and school librar- ies) . He writes further: The result has been at- tained solely by making every endeavor to spread its load evenly, without national, linguistic, or religious biases over its 26 Classes and 676 Sub-classes.
    keywords: classification; libraries
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        item: #821 of 5668
          id: crl-11554
      author: Farley, Earl
       title: Guide to Use of Dewey Decimal Classification, Based on the Practice of the Decimal Classification Office at the Library of Congress (Review)
        date: 1963-01-01
       words: 1471
      flesch: 60
     summary: Only once are we reminded of the con- nection between DC numbers and assign- ment of LC subject headings. But it should not be overlooked that the present location, at the Library of Congress, of the office re- sponsible for both editing and applying the DC offers an opportunity for integrating the two subsystems (DC classification with LC subject headings), which in many librar- ies are but parts of a single cataloging ac- tivity.
    keywords: classification; guide
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        item: #822 of 5668
          id: crl-11555
      author: Sherrod, John
       title: American Scientific Books, 1960-1962 (Book Review)
        date: 1963-01-01
       words: 753
      flesch: 64
     summary: The provision of a precedence table, comparing 'all possible pairs of numbers would give more clarity at a glance than is now possible. The form of entry, in general, follows that used by the Library of Congress for its catalog cards and includes author, title, publisher, price, and catalog card number.
    keywords: books
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        item: #823 of 5668
          id: crl-11556
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1963-01-01
       words: 6744
      flesch: 53
     summary: HELEN BRITTEN is on the cataloging staff JANUARY 1963 of Ohio Sta:te University libraries, Columbus. PsHENICHNY is a cataloger at Yale University library, New Haven, Conn. RuTH RENAUD is reference librarian at Loyola University library, New Orleans.
    keywords: assistant; california; college; librarian; libraries; library; new; school; science; state; university
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        item: #824 of 5668
          id: crl-11557
      author: Johnson, Robert K.
       title: Headache or Opportunity? National Library Week for the Academic Library
        date: 1963-03-01
       words: 1751
      flesch: 48
     summary: Some of the reasons which have been advanced for the reluctance of academic libraries to participate in NL W activities are: students have to read all the time anyway and this sort of appeal will not draw them; students often complain about library books, service, and librar- ians, and library promotion is not likely to change their minds; NL W slogans sometimes have not been very applicable to the situation in which students find MARCH 1963 themselves-Wake up and read (no time 'for more reading); Are you well informed? these statements seem to read largely like a public library credo (or perhaps notes on contributions toward a philosophy of librarianship), academic libraries cer- tainly have not been excluded and obvi- ously can sneak into the tent through the open door in the last quoted sentence.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #825 of 5668
          id: crl-11558
      author: McAnally, Arthur M.
       title: Privileges and Obligations of Academic Status
        date: 1963-03-01
       words: 3846
      flesch: 48
     summary: Professional librarians should be eligi- ble for appointment to the traditional ranks and titles of instructor, assistant professor, associate professor, and pro- fessor. PERSONALITY Good personality is essential to success- ful performance of library tasks, affect- ing not only successful relations and work with the library's clientele and suc- cess in administration but also relations with co-workers and staffs in other de- partments.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; library; professional; research
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        item: #826 of 5668
          id: crl-11559
      author: Cohen, Arthur A.
       title: Paperbacks in the College
        date: 1963-03-01
       words: 2431
      flesch: 50
     summary: The characteristics which loosely con- federate the more than forty publishers of higher priced paperback books are these: their dependence upon the organi- zation of an already established cloth- bound publisher; the existence of nu- merous books in an already published backlist for which new demand can be generated by making them available in paperback editions; the possibility of developing an internal reprint program with relatively small investment of ad- ditional editorial and promotional per- sonnel and expense; the availability of already existing mechanics of production and of distribution. I venture to predict that during this year, the num- ber of units sold of paperback books re- tailing at more than $1.00 will once more substantially increase, but the share of the total volume which each publisher will enjoy will again decline, and unit sales of individual titles, advance orders taken by publishers' salesmen, and pub- lishers printing orders will tend to de- crease accordingly.
    keywords: books; college; paperback; publishers
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        item: #827 of 5668
          id: crl-11560
      author: Rush, N. Orwin
       title: Special Collections
        date: 1963-03-01
       words: 3820
      flesch: 65
     summary: However, there are still many books ava~lable to the collector, and I do not agree with those who say that all the worthwhile books have been gobbled up by these American and Brit- ish institutions, thus threatening to ruin the old-book market and removing the incentive that used to inspire the acquisi- tive collector. We are adding to it, under Mr. Shaw's guidance, buying more books as our resources permit, and Mr. Shaw matches what we do with purchases which he immediately adds to his gift.
    keywords: books; collection; library; special
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        item: #828 of 5668
          id: crl-11563
      author: Li, S. K.
       title: Developing a Collection for Chinese Studies
        date: 1963-03-01
       words: 3552
      flesch: 52
     summary: On March 17, 1961, the restriction on Chinese books was slightly relaxed, when President Kennedy ordered the end of an interception system under which the Customs Bureau had withheld or destroyed Communist propaganda sent to the United States from behind the Iron Curtain. MAINLAND CHINA Strictly speaking all publications from mainland China now are but Chinese Communist government publications, because under the severest communiza- tion program in the world no private publisher in China can do business with- out official approval and substantial sup- port from the Communist machinery.
    keywords: china; chinese; communist; mainland; research; university
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        item: #829 of 5668
          id: crl-11564
      author: Thrash, James R.; Johnson, Lucia
       title: New Periodicals of 1962-Part II
        date: 1963-03-01
       words: 8176
      flesch: 68
     summary: Soviet Studies in History, one of a series of new journals on Soviet Russia issued by International Arts and Sciences Press, will contain published articles selected primarily from nine Russian historical journals in una - bridged English translation. Many new journals appeared in 1962, devoting themselves to the interests of spe- cialized businesses and industries.
    keywords: articles; frequency; issue; journal; new; price; quarterly; research; society; university; york
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        item: #830 of 5668
          id: crl-11565
      author: Hope, Nelson W.
       title: Needle in a Haystack
        date: 1963-03-01
       words: 2273
      flesch: 52
     summary: •• Trade Books for Teacher Education 168 THE BOARD oF DIRECTORS of the American Association of School Librarians at their Midwinter Meeting adopted a resolution submitted by Frances Henne, professor of the School of Library Service, Columbia University; Ruth Ersted, Minnesota state school library supervisor; Eleanor E. Ahlers, Washington state supervisor of school library services; Margaret I. Rufsvold, professor of library services and director of the library school, Indiana University; Naomi Hokanson, district librarian, Roseville, Minn., and Nancy Jane Day, South Carolina state supervisor of library service, Department of Education. Though it would be convenient for reference librarians to be spared the chore of answering their telephones, there might be unexpected consequences.
    keywords: information; librarian; library; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11565.pdf
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        item: #831 of 5668
          id: crl-11566
      author: Parker, Ralph H.
       title: A Comparative Study of Three Systems of Information Retrieval (Book Review)
        date: 1963-03-01
       words: 1284
      flesch: 65
     summary: The ratios of graduate student to under- graduate student library costs and facul- ty member to undergraduate student library costs were computed. But, in addition, it will provide librarians with a greatly needed study of true library costs.
    keywords: cost; library
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        item: #832 of 5668
          id: crl-11567
      author: Garloch, Lorena
       title: The Cost of Providing Library Services to Groups in the Purdue University Community-1961 (Book Review)
        date: 1963-03-01
       words: 637
      flesch: 70
     summary: The ratios of graduate student to under- graduate student library costs and facul- ty member to undergraduate student library costs were computed. But, in addition, it will provide librarians with a greatly needed study of true library costs.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11567.pdf
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        item: #833 of 5668
          id: crl-11568
      author: Prince, Vivian
       title: Sample Catalog Cards, Illustrating Solutions to Problems in Descriptive Cataloging (Book Review)
        date: 1963-03-01
       words: 1366
      flesch: 68
     summary: The ratios of graduate student to under- graduate student library costs and facul- ty member to undergraduate student library costs were computed. But, in addition, it will provide librarians with a greatly needed study of true library costs.
    keywords: library; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11568.pdf
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        item: #834 of 5668
          id: crl-11569
      author: Ballou, Hubbard W.
       title: Directory of Library Photoduplication Services in the United States, Canada, and Mexico (Book Review)
        date: 1963-03-01
       words: 2901
      flesch: 61
     summary: The first two were pre- pared under the auspices of the Special Li- braries Association, and the last two by one individual under the sponsorship of the American Library Association. A year ago there appeared the first Guide to Microforms in Print which made it un- necessary to keep forty-two catalogs of micro- form publishers at hand.
    keywords: libraries; library; microfilm; microforms
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        item: #835 of 5668
          id: crl-11570
      author: Gordon, John J.; Kidman, Roy
       title: A History of Scientific and Technical Periodicals (Book Review); Guide to Latin American Scientific and Technical Periodicals, An Annotated List (Book Review)
        date: 1963-03-01
       words: 1880
      flesch: 49
     summary: In an age witnessing an overwhelming pro- liferation of scientific knowledge, with its elaborate structure and complicated system of communication, any attempt on the part of one man to write a history of one phase of this complex, namely the publication of scientific periodicals, would be as Herculean a task as the attempts to develop systematic control of scientific literature have proven to be. The problems and patterns of production de- scribed are typical of more than just the pub- lication of scientific journals.
    keywords: journals; publication; scientific
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        item: #836 of 5668
          id: crl-11571
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: ACRL Board of Directors Midwinter Meeting 1963; Nominees for ACRL Officers, 1963/64; 1962/63 Remington Rand Equipment Grant; Bylaws of the Junior College Libraries Section of ACRL; News from the Field; Personnel; ACRL Rare Books Section/RSD History Section Preconference
        date: 1963-03-01
       words: 10426
      flesch: 56
     summary: BASILIANE SIDERAKIS is an assistant cataloger at Columbia University libraries, New York. He was a rare book cataloger at Brandeis University library, Waltham, Mass. JuANITA McKINLEY, we reported in the November issue of CRL, had joined the Cub- berley library staff at the University of Cali- fornia, Berkeley.
    keywords: chairman; college; columbia; committee; librarian; libraries; library; mrs; new; research; section; state; university; university libraries; york
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        item: #837 of 5668
          id: crl-11572
      author: Muller, Robert H.
       title: Research Approach to University Library Problems
        date: 1963-04-30
       words: 2697
      flesch: 54
     summary: MEASURING LIBRARY uSE In their efforts to indicate the volume of library use, librarians have tradition- ally reported such statistics as: books loaned for home use, number of refer- ence questions asked, and number of interlibrary loans transacted. In recent years especially, these data have ap- peared less and less meaningful as true measures of library use and usefulness.
    keywords: libraries; library; research; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11572.pdf
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        item: #838 of 5668
          id: crl-11573
      author: Stiffler, Stuart A.
       title: A Philosophy of Book Selection for Smaller Academic Libraries
        date: 1963-04-30
       words: 3029
      flesch: 55
     summary: The effective development of academic library book collections, how- ever, is dependent up_on the understand- ing and acceptance of certain larger as- sumptions which fall neither within the category of administrative techniques nor within these critical standards of judgment applicable to the content of the several subject disciplines. growth of academic book collections has, of course, always been subject to some measure of ·rational control.
    keywords: book; collection; librarian; selection
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11573.pdf
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        item: #839 of 5668
          id: crl-11574
      author: Voress, Hugh E.
       title: Searching Techniques in the Literature of the Sciences
        date: 1963-04-30
       words: 1978
      flesch: 54
     summary: Bibliographies of Interest to the Atomic Energy Program) TID-3043 (Rev. 2), is a cumulation covering all bibliographies and literature searches through Novem- ber 1961 and is supplemented on an an- nual basis. Scan the corporate author indexes for additional references 13.
    keywords: information; literature; subject
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        item: #840 of 5668
          id: crl-11575
      author: Sawamoto, Takahisa
       title: Recent Japanese Library Developments
        date: 1963-04-30
       words: 3677
      flesch: 54
     summary: In addition to these defects of the law, major problems in school librarian- ship consist in lack of cooperation and the incomplete metamorphosis in the new education system~ For example, there is no cooperative, centralized cata- loging for a group of school libraries in a school district. The American faculty's contributions to the development of Japanese libraries are so noteworthy that I should like to mention their names in the order of their visits: Robert L. Gitler, the found- ing director of the school, from the Uni- versity of Washington, Seattle, and now at New York State University College at Geneseo; Mrs. Frances Cheney, Peabody College; Bertha Frick, Columbia; Han- 3 Takahisa Sawamoto, Education for Librarianship in Japan, in American Libraries, Report of the U.S .
    keywords: japan; libraries; library; school; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11575.pdf
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        item: #841 of 5668
          id: crl-11576
      author: Logsdon, Richard H.
       title: Administrative Organization of Columbia University Libraries
        date: 1963-04-30
       words: 1206
      flesch: 49
     summary: The LAD Buildings Committee for College and University Li- braries at its four sessions will consider the building plans of eight libraries, two in each of the four categories: junior colleges, univer- sities, colleges, and professional school libraries. An alterna- tive and direct line between both the of- fice of the assistant director and the co- ordinating committees and the office of the director of libraries is provided to re- flect the fact that both are in some mat- ters deputies of the director.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #842 of 5668
          id: crl-11579
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Library Statistics of Colleges and Universities, 1961-62
        date: 1963-04-30
       words: 1866
      flesch: 62
     summary: The publication is to be directed primarily to undergraduate college libraries with book funds of $30,000 or less; it is hoped, however, that it may also be useful in book selection activities of other libraries. Need for a current book selection service for college and other libraries having similar problems has been apparent for some time, and ALA has undertaken a study to determine a rapid and efficient method of disseminating information while it is still current.
    keywords: institutions; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11579.pdf
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        item: #843 of 5668
          id: crl-11580
      author: Tannenbaum, Earl
       title: The Librarian in the College Novel
        date: 1963-04-30
       words: 1715
      flesch: 62
     summary: Progra m plans for the preconference h ave been made by Kenneth Nebenzahl; Robert Rosenthal, curator of special collections, University of Chicago library; and Mr. Storm. The main reason for using these more recent dates is that during this time academic libraries have experienced a period of great growth.
    keywords: librarian; library; novel
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        item: #844 of 5668
          id: crl-11581
      author: Harwell, Richard; Kaser, David
       title: U.S. Iana (1650-1950), A Selective Bibliography (Book Review); Almanacas of the United States (Book Review)
        date: 1963-04-30
       words: 1478
      flesch: 69
     summary: The new edi- tion will be a boon in libraries which have not owned a copy of the first edition ; it is different enough, too, from the earlier edi- tion to be worth having in the libraries which do have the 1954 issue. This revised edition is all the more welcome because of the enforced dep- rivation of the title in many libraries in whose collections it should be.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #845 of 5668
          id: crl-11582
      author: Daily, Jay E.
       title: Advanced Data Processing in the University Library (Book Review)
        date: 1963-04-30
       words: 2324
      flesch: 62
     summary: I would recommend this book to all college and university librarians-especially those on campuses where computer time may be available to them. The true value of the book consists not in pla intive hopes but in actual accomplishments and these are the translation of library routines into computer programing with vivid awareness of what the computer can and cannot do.
    keywords: book; computers; libraries; library
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        item: #846 of 5668
          id: crl-11583
      author: Danton, J. Periam
       title: West German Library Developments Sincd 1945. With special emphasis on the rebuilding of research libraries (Review)
        date: 1963-04-30
       words: 2091
      flesch: 54
     summary: On the topic, Union Catalogs Within the University, (pages 44-45) and earlier (page 41 ), it is correctly noted that the hold- ings of the seminar and institute libraries are generally not included in the main univer- sity library catalog, but that exceptions exist. It should be of great use to anyone interested in university libraries, German libraries, international li- brary relationships, or, indeed issues involv- ing most major library functions .
    keywords: german; libraries; library; university
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        item: #847 of 5668
          id: crl-11585
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Books Briefly Noted
        date: 1963-04-30
       words: 1320
      flesch: 64
     summary: Is it too much to hope that the publication of this work, which fills a major gap in the English-language literature of librarianship, may serve as an example and stimulus for other similar studies? • • Books Briefly Noted A Benedictine Bibliography; An Author- Subject Union List ) 2d ed., compiled by Oliver L. Kapsner for the Library Science Section of the American Benedictine Acad- emy.
    keywords: libraries; library; university
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        item: #848 of 5668
          id: crl-11586
      author: Bergen, Daniel P.
       title: The Antropocentric Needs of Academic Librarianship
        date: 1963-06-30
       words: 9730
      flesch: 50
     summary: Substantially increased human activity in academic libraries JULY 1963 Academic Librarianship It has been sug- gested elsewhere that academic libraries can afford little lag in responding to a composite change in the psychological orientation of the students they serve.
    keywords: academic; alienation; american; college; education; libraries; library; research; social; society; students; study; university; youth
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11586.pdf
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        item: #849 of 5668
          id: crl-11587
      author: McNiff, Philip J.
       title: Foreign Area Studies and Their Effect On Library Development
        date: 1963-06-30
       words: 4894
      flesch: 59
     summary: Area programs have budgetary and fi- nancial implications for our libraries; these involve personnel, book selection, cataloging, reference services, and inter- library, as well as international, coopera- tion. Every study of area programs, whether general or spe·cific, emphasizes that a good library collection is a basic requirement, and that adequate support must ·be made available so that Iibrary resources can be built up.
    keywords: area; east; library; programs; research; resources; studies
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        item: #850 of 5668
          id: crl-11588
      author: Pierson, Robert M.
       title: Some Problems in the Bibliographical Organization of Belles-Lettres and Related Secondary Works
        date: 1963-06-30
       words: 4263
      flesch: 53
     summary: Secondary works of the first kind are usually divided into those dealing with individual works, those dealing with groups of an author's works, and those dealing with his works as a whole or nearly so-the distinction be- tween the second and third classes being less usual than the distinction between the first and the others. Collections, whether of the works of one author or of the works of many, create problems, at least in schemes featuring major division by form; to relegate such works to a gen- eral class may be acceptable if author- ship is plural but is likely to mystify if authorship is singular-Milton's com- plete works with generalia, his poetry with poetry, his prose with prose, etc, 3.
    keywords: authors; literature; secondary; studies; works
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11588.pdf
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        item: #851 of 5668
          id: crl-11589
      author: Weeks, Lewis E.
       title: Edge-Punched Cards for Research Notes
        date: 1963-06-30
       words: 1828
      flesch: 63
     summary: Although note taking methods vary with the individual and sometimes with the type of project, most researchers em- ploy some system involving the use of cards. The advantages of this system are chiefly that no cross referring or dupli- cation of notes is necessary because the cross referring and indexing is done by punching the card according to the pre- determined plan, either as a note is completed or at the end of a period of note taking when all the notes can be punched at once.
    keywords: cards; material; note
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        item: #852 of 5668
          id: crl-11590
      author: Staley, Thomas F.
       title: A Modern Authors Collection at the Unviersity of Tulsa
        date: 1963-06-30
       words: 1590
      flesch: 57
     summary: The acquisition includes vir- tually complete first edition collections of the works of William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, Thomas Wolfe, John Stein- beck, and Katherine Mansfield. I ·see no .reason why the library humanism of the mid-twentieth century should not be one of a system- atic study of men as library users.
    keywords: collection; faulkner; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11590.pdf
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        item: #853 of 5668
          id: crl-11592
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1962-1963
        date: 1963-06-30
       words: 6553
      flesch: 54
     summary: In addition to the usual information regarding education and positions held, most of the sketch- es include a list of published works (both books and periodical articles) as well as references to unpublished studies such as theses and disserta- tions. The text incorporates some of the results of recent archaeological research on the medieval period, according to general references to these materials in the introduction.
    keywords: american; bibliography; books; entries; guide; index; information; library; list; new; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11592.pdf
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        item: #854 of 5668
          id: crl-11595
      author: Schoyer, George P.
       title: Anti-Semitica at Ohio State University
        date: 1963-06-30
       words: 1166
      flesch: 68
     summary: There are many books illustrated with anti-Jewish cartoons and jokes, most · of them repulsive. There are many other examples of Dru- mont's anti-Jewish works in this collec- tion, as well as several books about him.
    keywords: anti; paris
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11595.pdf
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        item: #855 of 5668
          id: crl-11596
      author: Kaser, David
       title: The Arlie Conference
        date: 1963-06-30
       words: 1125
      flesch: 62
     summary: Careful systems planning is essen- tial before mechanization should be at- tempted; the compelling necessity of a national system of libraries should be recognized in planning for mechaniza- tion as it has been recognized in the planning of conventional libraries. This is not to say that there was una- nimity on all counts; there was frequent difference of opinion expressed on how to attain the goal, on what steps in at- taining it should enjoy priority over what other steps, and the relative im- portance of the many areas of prospec- tive improvement in library services.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11596.pdf
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        item: #856 of 5668
          id: crl-11597
      author: Marchand, James W.
       title: Symbolic Languages in Data Processing. Proceedings of the Symposium sponsored and edited by the International Computation Centre, Rome, March 26-31, 1962 (Review)
        date: 1963-06-30
       words: 1376
      flesch: 56
     summary: There are two drawbacks to the ~se of such languages, however: (1) there IS no generally accepted single symbolic lan- guage, so that the investigator must at pres- ent learn a number of languages if he is un- certain of the computer he may have to use; (2) since symbolic languages are used in so many ways by so many fields, they tend to grow rather rapidly and to become unman- ageable. It is for this rea- son that computer experts have developed symbolic languages, defined as completely formalized language (s) structurally and con- ceptually rich enough for communication be- tween computers, between computer and man, and even between man and man in the computer field.
    keywords: computer; languages
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11597.pdf
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        item: #857 of 5668
          id: crl-11598
      author: Kaser, David; Hertel, Robert R.
       title: General Bibliography on Information Storage and Retrieval (Book Review); Literature on Information Retrieval (Book Review); Library Statistics of Colleges and Universities, 1959-60, Part 2: Analytic Report (Book Review)
        date: 1963-06-30
       words: 1424
      flesch: 52
     summary: The first analysis marks an important mile- stone in the development of a statistical pic- ture of academic libraries. An advance analytic report which was published in July 1961 limited its coverage to data on library volumes, per- sonnel and expenditures.
    keywords: data; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11598.pdf
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        item: #858 of 5668
          id: crl-11599
      author: Abbott, John C.
       title: The Library of Bucknell University (Book Review)
        date: 1963-06-30
       words: 1459
      flesch: 53
     summary: I was pleased to see the publication of this anthology on library service to labor, for much of what has been written appeared originally in publications of limited distribu- tion and has long since gone out of print. The first section explains the usable cov- erage of libraries represented in the data- 1854 institutions or 95 per cent of the total population.
    keywords: labor; libraries; library
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        item: #859 of 5668
          id: crl-11600
      author: McCoy, Ralph E.
       title: Library Service to Labor (Book Review)
        date: 1963-06-30
       words: 711
      flesch: 58
     summary: They are written by thirty- four librarians and labor educators, includ- ing such veterans as Dorothy Bendix, who for a number of years directed the service to labor at Newark Public library; Ida Goshkin of the Akron Public library; Ruth Shapiro, formerly with the Milwaukee Public library; and-from the labor movement-John Cos- grove and Otto Pragan of the AFL-CIO De- partment of Education, J. W. O'Connell of the International Association of Machinists, and Sally Parker of the American Federation of Teachers. I was pleased to see the publication of this anthology on library service to labor, for much of what has been written appeared originally in publications of limited distribu- tion and has long since gone out of print.
    keywords: labor; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11600.pdf
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        item: #860 of 5668
          id: crl-11601
      author: Batsel, John David
       title: The Small College Library (Book Review)
        date: 1963-06-30
       words: 1337
      flesch: 63
     summary: I was pleased to see the publication of this anthology on library service to labor, for much of what has been written appeared originally in publications of limited distribu- tion and has long since gone out of print. The text is clear, thorough in treatment of the areas chosen, but concise in statement and precise in reference not only to accepted library practices but also to the most essen- tial tools and professional literature and organizations.
    keywords: labor; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11601.pdf
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        item: #861 of 5668
          id: crl-11602
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Books Briefly Noted
        date: 1963-06-30
       words: 1193
      flesch: 68
     summary: Nothing really new in library method or administration has been said. The text is clear, thorough in treatment of the areas chosen, but concise in statement and precise in reference not only to accepted library practices but also to the most essen- tial tools and professional literature and organizations.
    keywords: libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11602.pdf
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        item: #862 of 5668
          id: crl-11603
      author: Harlow, Neal
       title: Levels of Need for Library Service in Academic Institutions
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 3458
      flesch: 40
     summary: There are three levels of library use in an academic and research institution: (1) college level-the stu- dent's library, for the beginning student engaged in general education and in ac- quiring background for specific disci- plines; (2) university level-the ma- turing scholar's library, for the develop- ing scholar and specialist, emphasizing a subject field or area, providing syn- thesis and an introduction to research; and (3) research level-for the ad- vanced graduate, faculty member, and research staff concerned with the exten- sion or application of knowledge pro- viding the necessary intellectual support for research. · Special needs of users: Students need direct access to a small and well selected collection of library materials, with a minimum of physical and psychological restraint, conditions which are attrac- tive and conducive to study, long open hours, and a mature and respected pro- fessional staff.
    keywords: college; library; research; service; special
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11603.pdf
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        item: #863 of 5668
          id: crl-11604
      author: Morrison, Perry D.
       title: The Personality of the Academic Librarian
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 2357
      flesch: 55
     summary: Initiative, on the other hand, is rela- tively scarce among academic librarians and it does tend to distinguish the chiefs from the Indians. Academic librarians seem to be rather adequately endowed with.
    keywords: academic; librarians; personality
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11604.pdf
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        item: #864 of 5668
          id: crl-11605
      author: Jordan, Robert T.
       title: Library Characteristics of Colleges Ranking High in Academic Excellence
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 4688
      flesch: 61
     summary: Correlation between criteria listed be- 373 low and academic excellence of the insti- tution: High correlation Volumes in library Volumes in library for each undergrad- uate student Per student salary expenditure by the library Moderate correlation Age of the school Per student operating expenditure by the library Number of periodical subscriptions in the library Low correlation Volumes acquired per year by the li- brary Ratio of library expenditure to total expenditure Two specific conclusions from this study are that in high quality colleges with more than five hundred students and less than fifty graduate students a minimum of approximately fifty books per student and approximately fifty thousand books in the collection is re- quired. Perhaps quality libraries and quality schools are the fortunate result of a com- bination of a particular milieu of faculty and student expectations, interests, and values.
    keywords: academic; colleges; excellence; high; library; quality; ranking
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11605.pdf
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        item: #865 of 5668
          id: crl-11606
      author: Nye, William J.
       title: Trends in Rare Book Library Facilities
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 3637
      flesch: 58
     summary: Increased publication by rare book librarians in the problems of rare book library facilities is sorely needed. Later to have great historic significance in the de- velopment of rare book libraries in the United States, this paper was published the same year in the Library journal under the title Safeguarding Rare and Expensive Books in University and Ref- erence Libraries.
    keywords: book; facilities; libraries; library; rare; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11606.pdf
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        item: #866 of 5668
          id: crl-11607
      author: Stevens, Rolland E.
       title: Library Support of Area Study Programs
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 5500
      flesch: 54
     summary: Several of the li- brarians in charge of the Middle East or other area program have advanced degrees in the history of the area in- volved. With increasing knowledge of Slavic languages, particularly Russian, among scholars in various fields, the separation of books in these languages from other books is a growing incon- venience to nonarea specialists.
    keywords: area; books; languages; libraries; library; publications
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11607.pdf
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        item: #867 of 5668
          id: crl-11608
      author: Tatge, John
       title: The National Oceanographic Data Center
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 1742
      flesch: 50
     summary: As in all fields of science, current oceanographic research projects rely on the information and data gathered in earlier studies. Data collected on estuaries, coastal areas, and the open seas afford a better understanding of all the natural phenomena which affects the success of fishing.
    keywords: center; data; information
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11608.pdf
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        item: #868 of 5668
          id: crl-11611
      author: Johnson, Lucia P.
       title: New Periodicals of 1963-Part I
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 4844
      flesch: 66
     summary: 500 Fifth Ave., New York 36. International Arts and Sciences Press, 156 Fifth Ave., New York 10. v.1, no. 1, Fall 1962.
    keywords: journal; new; quarterly; v.1; v.l; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11611.pdf
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        item: #869 of 5668
          id: crl-11612
      author: Reichmann, Felix
       title: Book Selection and Collections: A Comparison of German and American University Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 1417
      flesch: 50
     summary: American libraries have, in addition to book selection, a num- ber of functions and objectives. Dan- ton's paragraph on this topic is worth re- peating: The role in book selection which the faculty should and can play is, for any university li- brary, demonstrably an immensely important one.
    keywords: book; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11612.pdf
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        item: #870 of 5668
          id: crl-11613
      author: Moriarty, J. H.
       title: Proceedings of the Conference on Training Science Information Specialists, October 12-13, 1961, April 12-13, 1962, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia (Review)
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 1418
      flesch: 52
     summary: Also guild conscious library school graduates at work for scien- tists have correctly stressed how unprofes- sional their users have found certain exist- ing samples of technical literature analysis, not to say how nebulous all of us admit most information science now is. Since the decisions as to what programs were to be described were rigorously made, and since their descriptions are by those top individuals who are involved in teaching, this distillation of science information train- ing's trends and achievements in this coun- try is a distinct .contribution to understand- ing the state of the art and to estimating its immediate future.
    keywords: information; science
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11613.pdf
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        item: #871 of 5668
          id: crl-11614
      author: Ballou, Hubbard W.
       title: Enlarged Prints From Library Microforms (Book Review)
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 1370
      flesch: 56
     summary: Most of these machines are designed for 16mm microfilm and aper- ture cards (e.g., IBM cards with a window holding a frame of 35mm microfilm), forms of microfilm that are infrequently found in most libraries. Each machine was tested under conditions simulating those to be found in libraries and with microforms of originals common to most libraries.
    keywords: american; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11614.pdf
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        item: #872 of 5668
          id: crl-11615
      author: Ballou, Hubbard W.
       title: Engineering Data Microreproduction Standards and Specifications
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 673
      flesch: 57
     summary: For some time the lack of a guide to Latin American libraries-similar to the American Library Directory-has hampered persons needing information about such in- stitutions. Although the compilers have not at- tempted to include all Latin American li- braries, their aim was to present all uni- versity and special libraries, public libraries of more than two thousand volumes, and school libraries of more than one thousand volumes; they recognize that, even with these limits, they have probably missed some in- stitutions.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #873 of 5668
          id: crl-11617
      author: Shera, J. H.
       title: Nonconventional Technical Information Systems in Current Use (Book Review)
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 2065
      flesch: 51
     summary: In- novation in information systems is definite- ly not coming from the library world, and only one library school is listed in this com- pilation. This perhaps explains why some of the statistics presented are at vari- ance with those found in other sources (e.g., The World of Learning) and those obtained in personal contact with library staffs.
    keywords: information; library; systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11617.pdf
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        item: #874 of 5668
          id: crl-11618
      author: Taylor, Robert S.
       title: Information Retrieval Management (Book Review)
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 1430
      flesch: 58
     summary: In- novation in information systems is definite- ly not coming from the library world, and only one library school is listed in this com- pilation. Information retrieval, in its mechanized forms, has not yet become a textbook sub- ject, and those who wish to be informed on the state of the art have two alternatives.
    keywords: information; papers
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11618.pdf
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        item: #875 of 5668
          id: crl-11619
      author: Dillon, Howard W.
       title: Information Retrieval Today. Papers Presented at the Institute Conducted by the Library School and the Center for Continuation Study, University of Minnesota, Sept. 19-22, 1962 (Review)
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 1263
      flesch: 61
     summary: Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1963. 3v. Papers Pre- sented at the Institute Conducted by the Library School and the Center for Con- tinuation Study, University of Minnesota , Sept. 19-22, 1962.
    keywords: information; library; university
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        item: #876 of 5668
          id: crl-11620
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel; ACRL Board of Directors at Chicago; ACRL at Chicago; ACRL President's Report, July 1963; CHOICE: Books for College Libraries; ACRL Committee and Subsection Appointments
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 13208
      flesch: 57
     summary: She has been biology librarian at Northwestern University libraries, Evans- ton, Ill. Mr. Crossey has been with Northwestern University libraries, Evanston, Ill. MILTON CROUCH is now subject reading rooms librarian at Pennsylvania State
    keywords: acrl; assistant; chairman; college; college library; committee; department; librarian; libraries; library; mrs; new; staff; state; state university; university; university library
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        item: #877 of 5668
          id: crl-11621
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Books Briefly Noted
        date: 1963-08-31
       words: 540
      flesch: 60
     summary: James M. Darley, Chief Cartographer and Melville Bell Grosvenor, Editor-in-Chief. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1963. 3v.
    keywords: library; university
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        item: #878 of 5668
          id: crl-11622
      author: Parker, Wyman W.
       title: The College Library: New Demands and New Approaches
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 3084
      flesch: 61
     summary: Good librarians not only know their collections well but they also know the faculty and what to call to the atten- tion of various professors (such as books received as gifts; books purchased; un- cataloged books in the attic; and books being published which should be pur- chased by the department). The electronic storage and re- trieval of library material has been con- NOVEMBER 1963 fined to remote-from-campus activity such as the great government research agen- cies.
    keywords: books; college; librarians; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11622.pdf
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        item: #879 of 5668
          id: crl-11623
      author: Hand, Harry E.
       title: The Indexing of Current Research Information by the Library and Graduate Engineering Students
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 1720
      flesch: 54
     summary: The President's Science Advisory Committee strongly urges that engineering students be made to acquire some proficiency in literature techniques and information retrieval. College and Research Libraries The Indexing of Current Research Information by the Library and Graduate Engineering Students BECAUSE the School of Engineering, Air Force Institute of Te.chnology, estab- lished the first college degree program in reliability engineering, the institute li- brary has been collecting hundreds of documents in this fast-growing field.
    keywords: classification; library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11623.pdf
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        item: #880 of 5668
          id: crl-11624
      author: Bergen, Daniel Patrick
       title: Librarians and the Bipolarization of the Academic Enterprise
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 10339
      flesch: 46
     summary: Jane Forgotson, in an excellent article, has warned that if academic libraries become too hierarchical in structure, faculty members will not consider associ- ating with any librarians who are not at the top of the hierarchy. The mechanization of academic libraries, as a response to the extended and press- ing literature needs of their users, may demand a complete reconfiguration of the discipline of librarianship as we now know it.
    keywords: academic; college; education; faculty; librarians; librarianship; library; new; professor; research; social; teaching; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11624.pdf
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        item: #881 of 5668
          id: crl-11627
      author: Griffith, Alice B.
       title: Attention: Junior College Librarians
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 510
      flesch: 62
     summary: The growing masses of students besieg- ing academic institutions, the current trend toward greater library use by stu- dents and the concomitant inability of libraries to keep up with these demands because of budget and staff limitations, are other factors cited which should deter libraries from allowing their books to lie unused and forgotten in faculty mem- bers' bookcases. There is general agreement that fac- ulty members should have extended priv- ileges on library materials.
    keywords: college
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        item: #882 of 5668
          id: crl-11628
      author: Culbertson, Don S.; Voigt, Melvin J.; Cox, James R.
       title: The Costs of Data Processing in University Libraries - In Book Acquisition and Cataloging; In Serials Handling; In Circulation Activities;
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 5636
      flesch: 66
     summary: My findings were that little really helpful information has been writ- ten on library costs. indeed difficult to write intelligently about cost figures respecting library circulation systems.
    keywords: circulation; cost; dollars; libraries; library; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11628.pdf
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        item: #883 of 5668
          id: crl-11629
      author: Musiker, Reuben
       title: South African Bibliography: A Review
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 3796
      flesch: 65
     summary: Accounts of bibliographical progress in South Africa have appeared regularly in South African Libraries~ which is the official organ of the South African Li- brary Association. 4 The most important standard bibliog- raphy for the earl y period is Sidney Mendelssohn 's South African Bibliogra- phy5 which attempted to record the known literature about South Africa of all p eriods and in all languages.
    keywords: african; bibliographies; bibliography; library; research; south
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11629.pdf
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        item: #884 of 5668
          id: crl-11630
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Guidelines for Establishing Junior College Libraries
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 3557
      flesch: 60
     summary: They will provide a list of architects who have designed college libraries in each state. Thus, a review of some guideposts found useful in the past will be an asset to those involved in planning new junior college libraries.
    keywords: college; junior; libraries; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11630.pdf
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        item: #885 of 5668
          id: crl-11631
      author: Griffith, Alice B.
       title: Junior College Library Handbook Collection
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 531
      flesch: 58
     summary: Initially, ques- tionnaires concerning library instruction and the use of library handbooks were circulated to all junior college librarians in the United States. Many librarians who visited the ACRL booth examined the handbooks, requested copies of the standards, and, in general, evidenced a genuine interest in the preparation and use of such library guides.
    keywords: college
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        item: #886 of 5668
          id: crl-11633
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: Cataloging Sampler: A Comparative and Interpretatie Guide (Book Review)
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 665
      flesch: 51
     summary: The sampler includes eleven sections: cata- loging control records (involving multiple order forms, serial processing slips, searching slips--primarily from the Library of Con- gress operations, Michigan and Yale-au- thority cards, official catalog entries, and subject authority cards); the dictionary card catalog (involving all kinds of catalog en- tries); monograph publications (with refer- ences to rules and examples of publications which demonstrate the application of the rules, including European and Oriental names); serial publications (including gen- eral serials, government serials, and news- papers); publications issued in series (in- cluding types of series entries and the variety of approaches in treatment); analytical en- tries (including monographic publications and serials); works related (abridgments, adaptations, commentaries, etc.); relation- ships in the card catalog (main and sec- ondary entries and references); works of special type and special collections (theses and dissertations, technical reports, works for the blind); nonbook materials (art pho- tographs and slides, manuscripts, maps, globes, atlases, etc.); and the shelf list (offi- cial record, types of en tries, call numbers vs. numerical location vs. location designa- tion, reference works, and shelflisting for branches). The work contains a bibliography which lists compilations of sample cards which are used in other library schools-eleven of them.
    keywords: cataloging; library
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        item: #887 of 5668
          id: crl-11634
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: Libraries in the World; A Long-Term Programme for the International Federation of Library Associations (Book Review)
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 1384
      flesch: 49
     summary: In general, the monograph provides an interesting basis on which to consider the extension of library services on a worldwide basis. His outline of current developments is devoted to three areas of library work, (1) services to students, (2) services for research, and (3) cooperative services.
    keywords: cataloging; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11634.pdf
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        item: #888 of 5668
          id: crl-11635
      author: Orne, Jerrold
       title: Convegno di Studi sulle Biblioteche Universitarie, 16-17 Maggio 1960 (Book Review)
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 1448
      flesch: 55
     summary: In general, the monograph provides an interesting basis on which to consider the extension of library services on a worldwide basis. The professor illuminates the weaknesses of the old and even present systematics of Italian academic libraries, deploring the modest level of support they are able to offer 524 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES to research.
    keywords: libraries; paper; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11635.pdf
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        item: #889 of 5668
          id: crl-11636
      author: Ballou, Hubbard W.
       title: Photocopies from Abroad, Directory of Photocopying and Microcopying Services (Book Review)
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 1447
      flesch: 57
     summary: The second part, Vienna, Berlin, and the Clinical Specialities, is a record of post- graduate study in practical clinical applica- tions of German medical science. She speaks of microcopy as a means of cen- tralizing little-used books, of cooperation in acquisitions within a university, if not on a larger scale, of improved and more numerous bibliographic tools in book form, of catalog cards, and of union catalogs.
    keywords: american; german; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11636.pdf
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        item: #890 of 5668
          id: crl-11637
      author: Holley, Edward G.
       title: American Doctors and German Universities; a Chapter in International Intellectual Relations, 1870-1914 (Book Review)
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 1457
      flesch: 54
     summary: The second part, Vienna, Berlin, and the Clinical Specialities, is a record of post- graduate study in practical clinical applica- tions of German medical science. The last rna jor section notes the turning of the tide: German Doctors in America be- fore 1914, when the visits to this country by German medical men resulted in increased respect for American medicine.
    keywords: american; german; medical
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11637.pdf
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        item: #891 of 5668
          id: crl-11638
      author: Brodman, Estelle
       title: Medizinische Bibliotheken in der Deutschen Democratischen Republik (Book Review)
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 1446
      flesch: 50
     summary: All the medical libraries of the area are listed, plus the medical sections of large general libraries, as for example the Deutsche Staatsbibliothek in Berlin, and of university libraries. Entries in a double column to the page are alphabetical by name of the organization or library with separate alphabetical lists for the United States and Canada.
    keywords: german; libraries; medical
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11638.pdf
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        item: #892 of 5668
          id: crl-11639
      author: Brown, Clara Mae
       title: Directory of Special Libraries and Information Centers (Book Review)
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 1141
      flesch: 55
     summary: Information Agency libraries, the United States regional libraries for the blind, the United States government depository li- braries, the U.S. Army Map Service deposi- tory libraries, the libraries with United States patent files, the United States regional tech- nical report centers, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission depository libraries, libraries in the United States and Canada receiving United Nations material, and libraries of the United Nations specialized agencies. Entries in a double column to the page are alphabetical by name of the organization or library with separate alphabetical lists for the United States and Canada.
    keywords: information; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11639.pdf
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        item: #893 of 5668
          id: crl-11640
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; ALA Representatives at Academic Ceremonies; Personnel;Junior College Library Handbook Collection
        date: 1963-11-01
       words: 10099
      flesch: 57
     summary: RICHARD MANDELL has become bibliog- rapher at York University libraries, Toronto. SIEGLINDE RooNEY has joined the acquisitions staff at York University libraries, Toronto.
    keywords: assistant; college; college library; head; librarian; libraries; library; mrs; new; reference; staff; state; state university; university; university libraries; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11640.pdf
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        item: #894 of 5668
          id: crl-11643
      author: Metcalfe, John
       title: The Use of Overseas Cataloging in Australia with Special Reference to library of Congress Cataloging
        date: 1964-01-01
       words: 5128
      flesch: 51
     summary: College and Research Libraries The Use of Overseas Central Cataloging in Australia with Special Reference to Library of Congress Cataloging LIBRARY OF CoNGRESS cataloging as a form of central cataloging has taken the place of British cataloging in British coun- tries, and in particular Australia. A mere glance at what the other fellow has already done is helpful, even if we end in doing the opposite; if we go-as we may be justified in going-to the other extreme, local cataloging can be reduced to completely uncritical copy- ing of central cataloging.
    keywords: cataloging; headings; library; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11643.pdf
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        item: #895 of 5668
          id: crl-11644
      author: Seaholm, Frances
       title: Winchell, Walford, or Malcles?
        date: 1964-01-01
       words: 3642
      flesch: 72
     summary: In Winchell, including sup- plements, 7001 of the 8135 works were reference works, a percentage of 86.06. Although the number of reference works in Malcles was almost as large as the total of the Winchell citations, the 8123 works were only 34.55 per cent of Malcles's total.
    keywords: cent; malcles; winchell; works
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11644.pdf
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        item: #896 of 5668
          id: crl-11645
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Changes in the Concept of "Scientific Literature"
        date: 1964-01-01
       words: 3100
      flesch: 55
     summary: of storing scientific knowledge is by allow- ing it to become scientific literature, and by helping it to become so recognized and known. Scientific journalism affords an outlet for communications on scientific subjects, which are not necessarily contributions to scientific knowledge.
    keywords: literature; new; science; scientific
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11645.pdf
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        item: #897 of 5668
          id: crl-11646
      author: Lagerquist, Philip D.
       title: The Harry S. Truman Library as a Center for Research on the American Presidency
        date: 1964-01-01
       words: 3220
      flesch: 53
     summary: The Library of Congress, our greatest manuscript-holding institution, has, at present, twenty-three collections of presidential papers, sixteen of these being 32 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES of a substantial nature. In his Memoirs Mr. Truman states that the one great external influence which, more than anything else, nourished and sustained [my] interest in government and public service was the endless reading of history which I began as a boy and which I have kept up ever since.
    keywords: library; papers; truman
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11646.pdf
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        item: #898 of 5668
          id: crl-11647
      author: Harrar, Helen Joanne
       title: Cooperative Storage Warehouses
        date: 1964-01-01
       words: 3974
      flesch: 59
     summary: Another argument for the center was that it would reduce the number of staff needed to handle active materials in member libraries, and would decrease the total staff time in the region by reduc- ing duplication of effort. A survey of strengths and weaknesses in the holdings of member libraries, being conducted by Stanley West (Florida).
    keywords: center; library; materials; nedl; storage
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11647.pdf
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        item: #899 of 5668
          id: crl-11648
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1962-1963
        date: 1964-01-01
       words: 5107
      flesch: 57
     summary: More- over, the majority of the 13,300 biographies are of United States congressmen, military and civil personnel who are covered in great- er detail by other reference works. Some thirteen hundred items (books, period- ical articles, graduate theses, and court deci- sions) are listed in a classified arrangement, with an index of authors, editors, cases, and book titles.
    keywords: bibliography; guide; index; libraries; new; reference; supplement; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11648.pdf
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        item: #900 of 5668
          id: crl-11649
      author: Alderson, William T.
       title: Independent Historical Societies, an Enquiry into their Research and Publication Functions and their Financial Future (Book Review)
        date: 1964-01-01
       words: 1477
      flesch: 52
     summary: He does not criticize the independent societies for not taking advantage of new developments in the graphic arts in the publication of their scholarly journals, but he applies the term popularizing to other societies that have used illustrations, artwork, color, and even 63 magazine format in the attempt to secure a wider reading audience. For example, he justifies the limiting of memberships by independent societies on the grounds that this will reduce the total cost of membership benefits, but he caustically applies the term togetherness to the efforts of other soci- eties to attract a large membership and thereby reduce the unit costs of these bene- fits.
    keywords: historical; societies
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11649.pdf
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        item: #901 of 5668
          id: crl-11650
      author: Burton, Robert
       title: Special libraries: How to Plan and Equip them (Book Review)
        date: 1964-01-01
       words: 1529
      flesch: 63
     summary: The New York chapter of the Special Libraries Association, with Chester M. Lewi~ acting as editor, is to be congratulated for producing the present work which is based on a symposium on library planning held by the chapter in 1958. An annotated bibliography on library planning, a directory of suppliers, and a subject index complete the text, which is well illustrated.
    keywords: cost; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11650.pdf
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        item: #902 of 5668
          id: crl-11652
      author: Harwell, Richard
       title: The Wonder and the Glory (Book Review)
        date: 1964-01-01
       words: 1570
      flesch: 68
     summary: Described on its title page as the first American edition from the third London edition, it was printed in 750 copies at a total cost of $351.48, illustrating the low cost of publishing foreign books with no copyright payment involved: The cost of printing from a printed copy rather than manuscript was a further saving to the American publisher and made the foreign book in English a smaller financial risk. Edward Alexander Par- sons' library, some fifty thousand prints, books, autographs, bindings, manuscripts 66 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES + and historical documents, is now one of the libraries of the University of Texas.
    keywords: american; book; cost
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11652.pdf
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        item: #903 of 5668
          id: crl-11653
      author: Kaser, David
       title: Vermont Imprints, 1778-1820 (Book Review)
        date: 1964-01-01
       words: 1530
      flesch: 60
     summary: A model is developed for study and evalu- ation of coordinate retrieval systems and applied to several collections. Such a survey is a necessary prerequisite to the possi- ble support of centralized document searching facilities in the future, to insure that such fa- cilities will serve real functions, and that they will in fact be used.
    keywords: book; searching; systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11653.pdf
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        item: #904 of 5668
          id: crl-11654
      author: Shaw, Ralph R.
       title: Centralization and Documentation (Book Review)
        date: 1964-01-01
       words: 1348
      flesch: 58
     summary: A model is developed for study and evalu- ation of coordinate retrieval systems and applied to several collections. Aus- tralian libraries, because of their distance from one another, have an opportunity that is both unique and challenging, particularly in a country in which the social sciences and humanities, as well as science and technol- ogy, are regarded as important.-Maurice F. Tauber, Columbia University.
    keywords: libraries; library; searching
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11654.pdf
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        item: #905 of 5668
          id: crl-11655
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: Serials in Australian Libraries; Social Sciences and Humanities; A Union List (Book Review)
        date: 1964-01-01
       words: 583
      flesch: 64
     summary: Aus- tralian libraries, because of their distance from one another, have an opportunity that is both unique and challenging, particularly in a country in which the social sciences and humanities, as well as science and technol- ogy, are regarded as important.-Maurice F. Tauber, Columbia University. College and Research Libraries analyses should precede any further support in this field, and (b) that there is great need to develop the science upon which a sound technology may be based.-Ralph R. Shaw, Rutgers University.
    keywords: hoover; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11655.pdf
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        item: #906 of 5668
          id: crl-11659
      author: Kennedy, James R.
       title: Library Service in Perspective
        date: 1964-03-01
       words: 1924
      flesch: 70
     summary: A primary cause of turmoil for librar- ians is the fact that we are public servants. Because the reference and circulation departments are on the firing line, they are most aware of their calling to be servants, but so are the other departments.
    keywords: library; servant; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11659.pdf
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        item: #907 of 5668
          id: crl-11660
      author: Raisig, L. Miles; Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: The Use of Medical Theses As Demonstrated by Journal Citations, 1850-1960
        date: 1964-03-01
       words: 4991
      flesch: 64
     summary: number of total citations, of citations to journal articles, of thesis citations, and of all other nonjournal citations. This rise should not be considered the absolute cause of the per- centage loss in thesis citation use dating from 1901-10.
    keywords: citations; journal; medical; number; theses; years
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11660.pdf
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        item: #908 of 5668
          id: crl-11661
      author: Lucas, Rita; Caldwell, George
       title: Joint Publications Research Service Translations
        date: 1964-03-01
       words: 4871
      flesch: 57
     summary: College and Research Libraries Joint Publications Research Service Translations BY RITA LUCAS and GEORGE CALDWELL DURING THE LAST SIX YEARS a large body of valuable research materials known as JPRS translations has become available to research libraries and to the general public. The real difficulty comes in de- ciding on large sets of JPRS translations and where to buy them.
    keywords: jprs; reports; set; social; translations
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11661.pdf
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        item: #909 of 5668
          id: crl-11662
      author: Benton, Mildred
       title: The Biological Serial Record Center
        date: 1964-03-01
       words: 971
      flesch: 56
     summary: By adhering to a policy of cooperation with other information collecting centers, and by remaining alert to further op- portunities for achieving expanded cov- erage of biological serial literature, it is the expectation that a more comprehen- sive final product will ultimately become available for all who care to use it. K. Format (size, illustrations, figures, charts, general makeup (e.g., one or two columns to a page, average num- ber of pages) .
    keywords: biological; serial
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11662.pdf
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        item: #910 of 5668
          id: crl-11663
      author: Rink, Bernard C.
       title: Eskimo Art in a Community College Library
        date: 1964-03-01
       words: 1102
      flesch: 64
     summary: In such an area, devoid of an art gallery within sev- eral hundred miles, the display and sale of art objects in the library assumes a co- gency that would not be justified in more culturally-endowed urban areas where fa- cilities for the preservation and presenta- tion of art already exist. Fur- thermore, the Mark Osterlin library has become one of the few authorized outlets for Eskimo art in America.
    keywords: art; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11663.pdf
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        item: #911 of 5668
          id: crl-11665
      author: Broadus, Robert N.
       title: Library Equipment Specifications, A Dialogue
        date: 1964-03-01
       words: 3155
      flesch: 69
     summary: These are some of the factors which make library equipment specifications dif- ferent in kind from those used on the building contract, and from those used to buy office desks and classroom chairs. Again, library equipment is much more technical than is generally.
    keywords: equipment; library; specifications
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11665.pdf
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        item: #912 of 5668
          id: crl-11666
      author: Lazorick, Gerald J.; Minder, Thomas L.
       title: A Least Cost Searching Sequence
        date: 1964-03-01
       words: 1676
      flesch: 66
     summary: However, the fact that searching time would be con- siderably reduced thus increasing the number of possible searches in a given period of time was assumed to outweigh Mr. Lazorick is Industrial Engineer, and Mr. Minder is Engineering Librarian, in Pennsylvania State University. Source Library of Congress Catalog Cumulative Book Index .
    keywords: searching; time
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11666.pdf
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        item: #913 of 5668
          id: crl-11667
      author: Johnson, Lucia P.
       title: New Periodicals of 1963-Part II
        date: 1964-03-01
       words: 4639
      flesch: 64
     summary: Book Week is a new Sunday supplement published by and issued in the New York Herald Tribune. New York Herald Tribune Inc., 230 West 41st St., New York 36.
    keywords: articles; international; issue; journal; new; quarterly
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11667.pdf
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        item: #914 of 5668
          id: crl-11668
      author: Shoemaker, Richard H.
       title: Charles Evans, American Bibliographer (Book Review)
        date: 1964-03-01
       words: 690
      flesch: 73
     summary: As a matter of fact, there are seventeen corset boxes full of his manuscript slips, repre- senting many, many thousands of titles _ of that period, in the possession of the Ameri- can Antiquarian Society. College and Research Libraries Charles Evans, American Bibliographer.
    keywords: evans
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11668.pdf
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        item: #915 of 5668
          id: crl-11669
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: Joseph Charless, Printer in the Western Country (Book Review)
        date: 1964-03-01
       words: 1436
      flesch: 67
     summary: With this biography of Joseph Charless of Dublin, Pennsylvania, Lexington, Louisville, and St. Louis, David Kaser makes another solid contribution to the history of printing and publishing in nineteenth-century Amer- ica. Charless is best known as the first Mis- souri printer, indeed, the first printer of the trans-Mississippi west (but not the first printer of the Louisiana Territory, since Braud, Boudousquie, and James Lyon had worked in New Orleans long before Charless saw St. Louis) .
    keywords: charless
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11669.pdf
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        item: #916 of 5668
          id: crl-11670
      author: Rogers, Frank B.
       title: Medical Librarianship; Principles and Practice (Book Review)
        date: 1964-03-01
       words: 1451
      flesch: 55
     summary: At the outset he notes the basic similarity: a direc- tory of libraries and documentation centers with information presented on a fixed num- ber of points and with an index to facilitate use. The later directory has a narrower scope than the earlier; it includes only scholarly libraries and documentation centers and thus contains no information on the central lending services of the departements or on certain municipal libraries (even for those which are included there is no mention of lending and children's services or of branch- es) .
    keywords: charless; libraries; medical
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        item: #917 of 5668
          id: crl-11672
      author: Holley, Edward G.
       title: William Frederick Poole and the Modern Library Movement (Book Review)
        date: 1964-03-01
       words: 1308
      flesch: 67
     summary: William Frederick Poole and the Modern Library Movement. William Frederick Poole (1821-1894) was one of the giants of librarianship.
    keywords: library; poole; williamson
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11672.pdf
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        item: #918 of 5668
          id: crl-11675
      author: MacVean, Donald S.
       title: NCATE and Collegiate Libraries
        date: 1964-04-30
       words: 2499
      flesch: 46
     summary: There have been changes in the mem- bership of the council since 1952, but at present the organizations interested in teacher education and the number of representatives appointed by them to the council are as follows: American Asso- ciation of Colleges of Teacher Education, 7; Council of Chief State School Officers 1 ; National Association of State Director~ of Teacher Education and Certification 1 ; National Education Association on th~ 1 William K. Selden. 3 The purposes of NCATE are, briefly, to formulate policies, standards, and procedures for the accreditation of teacher education programs and to in- spect and accredit or refuse to accredit such programs.
    keywords: education; ncate; teacher
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11675.pdf
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        item: #919 of 5668
          id: crl-11676
      author: Harlow, Neal
       title: Stamp Out N-------L------W-------!
        date: 1964-04-30
       words: 2524
      flesch: 54
     summary: The millennium of library service draws nigh when academic libraries in every region proffer their major intellec- tual stores as stockpiles and supermarkets to support the affiuent mind. And if academic libraries are not the primary concern of those who de- pend upon them, how much more oblique are they likely.
    keywords: academic; education; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11676.pdf
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        item: #920 of 5668
          id: crl-11679
      author: Highum, Clayton D.
       title: Cataloging for Document Retrieval at Florida Atlantic University
        date: 1964-04-30
       words: 1457
      flesch: 61
     summary: The practical result of the coding for document retrieval will be the production of bibliographies and lists of library ma- terials for students, faculty members, and librarians that will conform to their speci- fications in so far as the type of informa- tion they desire has been coded. The dates to be entered in 81 : 20-2 7 are those for the original issue of the document or documents being cataloged.
    keywords: coding; document
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11679.pdf
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        item: #921 of 5668
          id: crl-11680
      author: Rees, Alan M.
       title: Librarians and Information Centers
        date: 1964-04-30
       words: 3229
      flesch: 44
     summary: tion retrieval and the latter with reference to specialized information centers, since information retrieval represents. · It is hardly possible fo:Jf librarians to maintain that the · responsibility for the establishment, operation, and manage- ment of information centers does not rest within librarianship.
    keywords: center; documents; information; library; retrieval
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11680.pdf
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        item: #922 of 5668
          id: crl-11681
      author: Stearns, John F.
       title: National Referral Center for Science and Technology
        date: 1964-04-30
       words: 2311
      flesch: 46
     summary: Looking farther into the future, the National Referral Center also foresees ex- ploration of information resources abroad. The letters of general inquiry which have come from information centers in foreign countries show that the information prob- lem is a universal one.
    keywords: center; information; referral
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11681.pdf
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        item: #923 of 5668
          id: crl-11682
      author: Gatliff, Jane W.; Foreman, Sylvia
       title: Interlibrary Loan Policies on Dissertations and Serial Publications
        date: 1964-04-30
       words: 1553
      flesch: 57
     summary: With the development of inexpensive and rapid methods of photocopying it is possible for libraries to keep research materials where they are available to their own students and faculty and at the same time enable them to meet the growing demands from other libraries for materials. This survey had three purposes: ( 1 ) To establish the correct date of participation of libraries which participate in the University Microfilms dissertation project; (2) To determine in general the extent of deviation from the policy of not lending dissertations avail- able from Ann Arbor, and specifically to find out which libraries continue to lend after the date of their participation; and, ( 3 ) to leani the periodical loan policy of selected libraries. '
    keywords: libraries; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11682.pdf
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        item: #924 of 5668
          id: crl-11683
      author: Williams, Edwin E.
       title: Yale's Selective Book Retirement Program (Book Review)
        date: 1964-04-30
       words: 709
      flesch: 71
     summary: Space in the main stack is calculated to be worth $1.68 per volume; space in storage comes to 42¢ per volume. On this basis, the library saves $1.26 on space for each vol- ume transferred to storage; but, if processing takes 61 ¢ or more, then selection, requiring consideration by faculty or high level pro- fessional personnel, might indeed cut the total saving to a minute sum.
    keywords: book
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11683.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11683.txt

        item: #925 of 5668
          id: crl-11685
      author: Ludington, Flora B.
       title: The Place of a Research Library in a Liberal Arts College, Proceedings of a Symposium Held at Bowdoin College, February 21-22, 1963 (Book Review)
        date: 1964-04-30
       words: 1462
      flesch: 59
     summary: In addition to editing the volume, Mr. Currall contributed a chapter dealing with the establishment and maintenance of phon- orecord libraries. The task of selecting materials for a college library is more difficult than se- lecting materials for a large university.
    keywords: college; information; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11685.pdf
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        item: #926 of 5668
          id: crl-11686
      author: Barnes, Christopher
       title: Phonograph Record Libraries: Their Organisation and Practise
        date: 1964-04-30
       words: 1488
      flesch: 61
     summary: For academic libraries, especially those out- side Great Britain, its value as a guide to future record libraries and librarians may be justly contested.-Christopher Barnes, Cor- nell University. a study under- taken by the Library Technology Project has been well publicized, widely distributed, and so generously reviewed elsewhere that 232 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES
    keywords: libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11686.pdf
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        item: #927 of 5668
          id: crl-11687
      author: Williamson, W. L.
       title: The Uses of the University (Book Review)
        date: 1964-04-30
       words: 734
      flesch: 62
     summary: For academic libraries, especially those out- side Great Britain, its value as a guide to future record libraries and librarians may be justly contested.-Christopher Barnes, Cor- nell University. a study under- taken by the Library Technology Project has been well publicized, widely distributed, and so generously reviewed elsewhere that 232 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES
    keywords: university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11687.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11687.txt

        item: #928 of 5668
          id: crl-11688
      author: Miller, Robert A.; Raber, Nevin W.; Raber, Nevin W.
       title: Protecting the Library and Its Resources (Book Review)
        date: 1964-04-30
       words: 1453
      flesch: 58
     summary: The extent of library loss by fire is con- siderable, despite the relative infrequency of major disaster. The statement that library buildings are insurable on the same basis as other struc- tures but that the content and liability cov- erages are quite different is correct; how- ever, the suggestion (p. 153) that most libraries can be categorized as charitable, nonprofit organizations is questionable.
    keywords: libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11688.pdf
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        item: #929 of 5668
          id: crl-11691
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Rare Books in Natural History; Personnel; Committee on Library Services; MALC in Indiana; Library Equipment Preconference
        date: 1964-04-30
       words: 10131
      flesch: 59
     summary: Stanford University libraries also has re- ceived a gift of 548 volumes of general English literature from the estate of Mil- dred D. Chidester. PAUL HERMAN BucK will retire as direc- tor of Harvard University libraries and li- brarian of Harvard College on June 30, but will continue as university professor.
    keywords: assistant; books; collection; college; college library; department; librarian; libraries; library; mrs; new; research; state; state university; university; university libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11691.pdf
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        item: #930 of 5668
          id: crl-11692
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Books Briefly Noted
        date: 1964-04-30
       words: 1166
      flesch: 70
     summary: But at the present time, there is no one responsible for library administration and operation on however high and· philosophical a level who can _con- scientiously avoid the responsibility of keep- ing himself informed on how libraries are being automated. •• COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES
    keywords: library; new; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11692.pdf
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        item: #931 of 5668
          id: crl-11693
      author: Downs, Robert B.
       title: Status of University Librarians-1964
        date: 1964-06-30
       words: 3428
      flesch: 44
     summary: Ambiguities in the place- ment of library staffs on university or- ganization charts are not uncommon. Assistant department heads in ma- jor departments in · the library system, such as assistant head of the reference department, assistant librarian of the bio- medical library, and assistant law librar- ian.
    keywords: academic; faculty; librarians; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11693.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11693.txt

        item: #932 of 5668
          id: crl-11694
      author: Stanford, Edward B.
       title: Academic Status at Minnesota
        date: 1964-06-30
       words: 1198
      flesch: 44
     summary: In due course, following extended con- sultations with the vice-president for aca- demic administration, these criteria were approved, and on July 1, 1963, the change was made, bringing the total number of library positions with full aca- demic status and faculty rank to sixty, 259 including the various department heads. Early in 1964 each department head submitted suggestions of various evalua- tive criteria that might be appropriate for academic positions in the library.
    keywords: library; positions
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11694.pdf
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        item: #933 of 5668
          id: crl-11695
      author: Thompson, Donald E.
       title: Working Conditions in Selected Private College Libraries
        date: 1964-06-30
       words: 1440
      flesch: 63
     summary: Some institutions have variations, such as one semester with full pay or one year with half pay. Those institutions on the quarter system usually give one quarter with full pay, two quar- ters with two-thirds pay, and three quar- ters with half pay.
    keywords: library; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11695.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11695.txt

        item: #934 of 5668
          id: crl-11697
      author: Gorchels, Clarence
       title: Of New Libraries and Futuristic Libraries
        date: 1964-06-30
       words: 1711
      flesch: 53
     summary: ·Achievement of this status by Negro librarians has resulted from a combina- tion of efforts: ( 1) to improve Negro colleges and their libraries, so that they might compare favorably with colleges and college libraries in general; (2) to prepare professionally educated Negro librarians to staff the college libraries; NEW AND FUTURISTIC (Continued from pag e 268) the technical services than there are to aid the reader services. outset for library service in one of the colleges which will grow from one stu- dent to ten thousand students in the im- mediate future, such as the University of California at Irvine, Denver State Col- lege, Florida Athmtic University, or the California State College at Palos Verdes.
    keywords: libraries; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11697.pdf
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        item: #935 of 5668
          id: crl-11698
      author: Nitecki, Joseph Z.
       title: Public Interest and the Theory of Librarianship
        date: 1964-06-30
       words: 5960
      flesch: 48
     summary: A more detailed examination of the diagram above may prove useful in clarifying to some extent at least, the re- lationship between expectations and per- formance in library services. 3.-Interrelationship between demands of group interests and library services.
    keywords: interest; librarianship; library; public; service; society
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11698.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11698.txt

        item: #936 of 5668
          id: crl-11700
      author: Pollard, Frances M.
       title: Characteristics of Negro College Chief Librarians
        date: 1964-06-30
       words: 2311
      flesch: 53
     summary: How do Negro college chief librarians compare in these characteristics with their white counterparts? Negro college chief librarians, 1 Souther_n Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, LtSt of Member Universities and Colleges of the Association, December 1, 1960 (Atlanta Georgia· 1960). ' .
    keywords: librarians; negro
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11700.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11700.txt

        item: #937 of 5668
          id: crl-11701
      author: Trueswell, Richard W.
       title: Two Characteristics of Circulation and their Effect on the Implementation of Mechanized Circulation Control Systems
        date: 1964-06-30
       words: 3190
      flesch: 65
     summary: 3-Percentage of day's circulation not air eady on the system vs. month's after installation of punched book card system (Deering library). 4-Percentage of day's circulation not already on the system vs. month's after installation of punched book card system (Technological Institute library).
    keywords: book; circulation; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11701.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11701.txt

        item: #938 of 5668
          id: crl-11702
      author: Siega, Gorgonio D.
       title: The Silliman University Library: An Appraisal and a Vision
        date: 1964-06-30
       words: 1777
      flesch: 63
     summary: As Silliman University library con- tinues to grow, and grow it must, it is fraught with many problems. AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES single university in the Philippines today meets the minimum standards set by the ALA for college libraries, much less for university libraries.
    keywords: library; silliman; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11702.pdf
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        item: #939 of 5668
          id: crl-11704
      author: Fadenrecht, George H.
       title: Library Facilities and Practices in Colleges of Veterinary Medicine
        date: 1964-06-30
       words: 2382
      flesch: 71
     summary: In addition to the fact that of fourteen libraries all but one served clientele from outside the veterinary college as well as their own, the final point determined was that the hours of service per week were less than for general libraries. Another limited journals to three days except to undergraduates, who were allowed library use only.
    keywords: libraries; library; veterinary
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11704.pdf
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        item: #940 of 5668
          id: crl-11707
      author: Kaser, David
       title: Pioneer Printer, Samuel Bangs, in Mexico and Texas (Book Review)
        date: 1964-06-30
       words: 721
      flesch: 68
     summary: Pioneer Printer, Samuel Bangs in Mex- ico and Texas. The life o'f Samuel Bangs reads somewhat as a picaresque novel.
    keywords: bangs
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11707.pdf
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        item: #941 of 5668
          id: crl-11708
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: The 1963-64 Office of Education Survey of College and University Library Statistics; Time Produces the Organization; ALA Representatives at Academic Ceremonies; ACRL Elections and Appointments; ACRL Board of Directors at St. Louis; ACRL at St. Louis; From the ACRL Executive Secretary; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1964-06-30
       words: 14609
      flesch: 56
     summary: •• ALA Representatives at Academic Ceremonies 328 ALA representatives at recent academic ceremonies included: Ruth Harris, librarian, Hastings College, at the dedication of the Kearney State College library on October 31; Robert Serverance, director, Air University library, at the dedication of Auburn University library, Nov. 5; Ralph E. McCoy, director of libraries, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, at the inauguration of Glenn A. Richardson as president of Greenville College, November 9; W. P. Kellam, director of libraries, University of Georgia, at the inauguration of Sanford Soverhill as president of Emory University, Atlanta, Ga., on Novem- ber 15; Gertrude Van Zee, Dwight B. Waldo library, Western Michigan Uni- versity, at the inauguration of Calvin A. VanderWerf as president of Hope College, Holland, Michigan, on November 16; Elizabeth G. Myer, Public Services in Rural Areas, Providence, R.I., at the Bryant College Centennial Symposium and Convocation, on November 18; Gustave A. Harrar, director of libraries, Boston University, at Bates College 100th anniversary convoca- tion, on November 20; Fritz Veit, director of libraries, Chicaga Teachers College and Chicago City Junior Colleges, at the installation of David Wein- stein as president of the College of Jewish Studies (Chicago) on February 16; David Otis Kelley, university librarian, University of New Mexico, at that university's 75th anniversary celebration and academic conference on February 25; Forrest C. Palmer, librarian, Madison College, at the dedication of the Alexander Mack memorial library, Bridgewater College, on April 3; J. Elias Jones, library director, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa, at the inaugura- tion of Ralph Candler John as president of Simpson College on April 5; John P. Waggoner, Jr., assistant librarian, Duke University, at the inauguration of Lucius Stacey Weaver as president of Methodist College, Fayetteville, N.C., on April 10; B. E. Powell, university librarian, Duke University, at the inauguration of Samuel Proctor Massie as president of North Carolina College on April 25; Lawrence S. Thompson, director of libraries, University of Ken- tucky, at the inauguration of John Wieland Oswald as president of that uni- versity on April 28; J. Periam Danton, University of California, Berkeley at the dedication of the California State College library, Hayward, on May 2; Hardin Craig, Jr., librarian, Fondren library, Rice University, at the inauguration of William Harwood Hinton as president of Houston Baptist College on May 8; Carl W. Hintz, university librarian, University of Oregon, at the dedication of the William Jasper Kerr library of Oregon State University on May 8; Merrill Berthrong, administration librarian, University of Pennsylvania, at the inauguration of William Walsh Hagerty as president of Drexel Institute of Technology on May 12; Robert Vosper, university librarian, University of California, Los Angeles, at the inauguration of Franklyn A. Johnson as presi- dent of California State College on May 15; and John Cook Wyllie, librarian, University of Virginia, at the dedication of the George C. Marshall research library at Virginia Military Institute on May 23. · • • COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES ACRL Elections and Appointments HELEN MARGARET BROWN was elected vice president and president-elect of ACRL and assumed the duties of the office at the close of the St. Louis Con- ference. JOHN GRANTIER is acquisitions librarian at Washington University libraries, St. Louis.
    keywords: acrl; ala; chairman; college; committee; librarian; libraries; library; members; new; president; research; section; toronto; toronto library; university; university libraries
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        item: #942 of 5668
          id: crl-11709
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Books Briefly Noted
        date: 1964-06-30
       words: 353
      flesch: 79
     summary: Florida State Uni- versity Library School, 1964. Louis Shores: A Bibliography.
    keywords: new
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        item: #943 of 5668
          id: crl-11710
      author: Grove, Lee E.
       title: Paper Deterioration-An Old Story
        date: 1964-08-31
       words: 6793
      flesch: 56
     summary: The more important of these, so far as concerns this country, may be noted in chronological order, thus: esparto, in the period 1860-70; 'mechanical wood' or ground wood pulp, in 1870-80; the wood celluloses, in the period 1880-90.13 After finding that such factors as illuminating gas, acidity in the instance of mid-century rag papers, and oxidation in the instance of mechan- ical wood pulp, were involved in dete- rioration, 14 the committee enumerated four classes, or qualities, of papermaking fibers and described specifications for book papers to be used in publications of presumably permanent value. At the end of the fifteenth century, Johann Tritheim, a Benedictine abbot, was sufficiently troubled about paper to wonder how long a book printed on it would last.
    keywords: book; committee; edition; libraries; library; new; newspapers; paper
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        item: #944 of 5668
          id: crl-11711
      author: Johnson, Margaret L.
       title: Flora Belle Ludington: A Biography and Bibliography
        date: 1964-08-31
       words: 2600
      flesch: 57
     summary: Essentials of Cooperation, South Dakota Library Bulletin, XXXIX, 66-71. A long-time member of the American Library Association, she was twice chairman of the Board on Interna- tional Relations ( 194 2-44), working on 375 postwar rehabilitation of European li- braries and closer cooperation with li- braries in Latin America.
    keywords: bulletin; college; libraries; library; ludington
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        item: #945 of 5668
          id: crl-11713
      author: Ruecking, Frederick
       title: Selecting a Circulation-Control System: a Mathematical Approach
        date: 1964-08-31
       words: 2764
      flesch: 65
     summary: A relationship exists between unit operating time (Fry's element time) and system operating time. . Increases in charg- ing system costs, stemming from circula- tion increases, are minor compared to in- creased costs for additional staff.
    keywords: circulation; system; time
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        item: #946 of 5668
          id: crl-11714
      author: Ritter, R. Vernon
       title: Recorded Library Use in Small Four-Year Colleges, 1962-1963
        date: 1964-08-31
       words: 827
      flesch: 62
     summary: As A MEANS of getting a basis of compari- son for an evaluation of student and fac- ulty use of small college libraries, a questionnaire was circulated to 151 such libraries asking for relevant figures. 1 The 1 Teaching With Books (Chicago: ALA, 1940), p. 27. present survey would indicate that aver- age per capita loans from the general collection have more than doubled in the intervening years (and this despite more widespread use of open stacks) ; at the same time reserve circulation has been cut to about one-fourth of what it was at that time.
    keywords: faculty
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        item: #947 of 5668
          id: crl-11716
      author: Griffin, Hillis L.
       title: Estimating Data Processing Costs in Libraries
        date: 1964-08-31
       words: 3120
      flesch: 64
     summary: computer system and the same program. It is only necessary to: ( 1) deter- mine the number of printed lines (or punched cards) required as output for a given number of items; (2) determine the time required for the printer and/ or card punch to produce this number of items; and ( 3) relate this to time charges for the computer or EAM equipment used.
    keywords: library; output; system
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        item: #948 of 5668
          id: crl-11717
      author: Stephenson, George R.
       title: Cataloging Practice in English Technical College Libraries
        date: 1964-08-31
       words: 3056
      flesch: 62
     summary: Hence in mid-1963, the author, finding very little on the subject in the professional literature, thought it would be of general interest to form some sort of picture of current practice in cataloging in technical college libraries. It gives a rea- sonably representative picture of what is going on in technical college libraries at present.
    keywords: colleges; libraries; library; research; technical
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        item: #949 of 5668
          id: crl-11718
      author: Johnson, Lucia P.; Glasby, Dorothy Joens
       title: New Periodicals of 1964-Part I
        date: 1964-08-31
       words: 6027
      flesch: 70
     summary: Excerpta Medica Foun- dation, New York Academy of Medicine Building, 2 East 103d St., New York 29. Among the new ones to appear is Asia, a publica- tion of the Asia Society (a nonprofit, non- political organization) in New York.
    keywords: articles; issue; journal; new; quarterly; york
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        item: #950 of 5668
          id: crl-11719
      author: Bidlack, Russell E.
       title: The Printed Book catalogue in American Libraries: 1723-1900 (Book Review)
        date: 1964-08-31
       words: 671
      flesch: 64
     summary: During the course of his study, Dr. Ranz examined some one thousand library cata- logs published by American libraries. The author's style is brisk, his words are well chosen, and, though a predilection for library history is probably requisite to the choice of this book for Sunday afternoon reading, it deserves the attention of every responsible cataloger and library administrator.
    keywords: cataloging
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        item: #951 of 5668
          id: crl-11720
      author: Goggin, Margaret Knox
       title: The Myth of Britannica (Book Review)
        date: 1964-08-31
       words: 2098
      flesch: 57
     summary: During the course of his study, Dr. Ranz examined some one thousand library cata- logs published by American libraries. Of these one thousand, Ranz describes 179 which, collectively, em- body most of the significant developments in printed book catalogs prior to the end of the nineteenth century.
    keywords: articles; book; britannica; information
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        item: #952 of 5668
          id: crl-11723
      author: Powell, Benjamin E.
       title: The Future of the Research Library (Book Review)
        date: 1964-08-31
       words: 1448
      flesch: 55
     summary: But research libraries still fall short--even the ' largest of them--of performing their proper function of enabling scholars to identify the library materials relevant to their research and of providing immediate access to copies for their use. The Future of the Research Library ap- pnses us of the progress already made against problems that plague research li- braries and becomes a useful guide for future library research.
    keywords: libraries; library; research
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        item: #953 of 5668
          id: crl-11724
      author: Tallman, Johanna E.
       title: Scientific and Technical Libraries; Their Organization and Administration (Book Review)
        date: 1964-08-31
       words: 1349
      flesch: 54
     summary: It is suitable as a text for library school students studying science libraries. College and Research Libraries ties in this volume are the following: publi- cations are too numerous, and many are of such minimal value that stockpiling can- not be justified; lack of satisfactory micro- text reading devices for individual owner- ship and use; inadequacy and cost of bibli- ographic information; deteriorating paper; delays in cataloging; high costs in terms of time, money, and frustration of borrowing from other libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #954 of 5668
          id: crl-11726
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Books Briefly Noted
        date: 1964-08-31
       words: 968
      flesch: 63
     summary: It is suitable as a text for library school students studying science libraries. Abstract bulletins issued for library users are listed under library bulletins.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #955 of 5668
          id: crl-11727
      author: Weinberg, Alvin M.
       title: Second Thoughts on Scientific Information
        date: 1964-11-01
       words: 5625
      flesch: 50
     summary: In the complicated sciences where the role of the theoretical scientist is less well developed, the output of information center is utilized as best the science can to find elementary gen- eralizations and simple syntheses. The new National Referral Cen- ter for Science and Technology, which is being developed at the Library of Con- gress can be a great help in connecting potential users with information centers.
    keywords: center; college; data; information; information center; nuclear; science
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        item: #956 of 5668
          id: crl-11729
      author: Deale, H. Vail
       title: A Decade with MALC
        date: 1964-11-01
       words: 4829
      flesch: 53
     summary: According to one member, no Chicago campus volunteered to have the meeting, and it was not until March 1956 that an invitation was issued indi- cating that a regional conference devoted to college library problems and open to all librarians in the midwestern states10 would be held in connection with the op- ening of the new, four-million-dollar li- brary at Michigan State University, East Lansing, on May 18-19, 1956. Therefore, following his two-year leader- ship as chairman, Benjamin Richards tapped his successor, H. Vail Deale, the director of libraries, Beloit College.
    keywords: academic; college; committee; conference; librarians; library; university
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        item: #957 of 5668
          id: crl-11730
      author: Brooks, Benedict; Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: Catalog Searches in the Yale Medical Library
        date: 1964-11-01
       words: 2825
      flesch: 68
     summary: Frarey2 provides an excellent review of the studies of card catalog use, one of his summary statements being that subject use of the catalog had been found to be about equal to author use. Another pertinent study of a university library with generally similar results on card catalog use is Robert L. Bovey and Satinder Kumer Mullick, A Study of Library Usage, in Johns Hopkins Univer- sity Research Library, Progress Report on an Opera- t-bons Research and Systems Engineering Study, (Baltimore: 1963)
    keywords: catalog; library; use
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        item: #958 of 5668
          id: crl-11732
      author: Diehl, Katharine Smith
       title: Putting the House in Order
        date: 1964-11-01
       words: 1768
      flesch: 60
     summary: It was but a few years ago that the United States State Depart- ment began to consider language study essential to its program-a detail the Soviet Union had not neglected. Recently, graduated li- brarians could be attached, under the Fulbright program as research scholars, to the Universities of Dacca and the Pun- jab (East and West Pakistan: Bengali and Urdu respectively) and the Univer- sity of Delhi (India: Hindi) for the ex- press purpose of language study.
    keywords: books; libraries; library
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        item: #959 of 5668
          id: crl-11733
      author: Oboler, Eli M.
       title: The Accuracy of Federal Academic Library Statistics
        date: 1964-11-01
       words: 1859
      flesch: 61
     summary: The figures given for volumes and for volumes added, especially in rela- tion to expenditures indicated for books and other library materials, should cause particular concern. The addition of a large number of volumes also included about one-fourth public documents, state and federal, and almost fifty thousand volumes in micro- text.
    keywords: volumes; year
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        item: #960 of 5668
          id: crl-11734
      author: Bregzis, Ritvars
       title: Some Prerequisites to Cooperative Cataloging
        date: 1964-11-01
       words: 2390
      flesch: 45
     summary: The high cost of original cataloging of identi- cal materials in many libraries and the mounting of backlogs in most catalog de- partments are compelling reasons for urgent action. search libraries.
    keywords: cataloging; classification; library
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        item: #961 of 5668
          id: crl-11735
      author: Morelock, Molete; Leimkuhler, F. F.
       title: Library Operations Research and Systems Engineering Studies
        date: 1964-11-01
       words: 1654
      flesch: 56
     summary: Rehg and G. Huber, Optimum Distribution for Bound Serials in Purdue's General Library. NOVEMBER 1964 Miss Morelock is Coordinator of Regional Campus Libraries and Mr. Leimkuhler is Associate Professor of Industrial Engineer- ing, Purdue University. In the preliminary stages of a study started at Purdue University in February 1963 Professor F. F. Leimkuhler, of the school of industrial engineering, conducted a weekly seminar with a committee of the professional staff of the libraries and some graduate students interested in op- erations research.
    keywords: library; operations; research
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        item: #962 of 5668
          id: crl-11736
      author: Harwell, Richard
       title: The American Reading Public: What it Reads; Why it Reads (Book Review)
        date: 1964-11-01
       words: 1421
      flesch: 64
     summary: Toward the middle of the book there is a chapter on reference service in which the author offers his Odyssey of reference books. In what sort of ivory executive suite has Marshall Best (chairman of the executive committee of Viking Press) been if he really believes his remark that libraries, which some authors regard as their stake in immortality, cannot now use paperbound books?
    keywords: american; book; reading
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        item: #963 of 5668
          id: crl-11739
      author: McNeal, Archie L.
       title: Problems in Planning Library Facilities; Consultants, Architects, Plans and Critiques (Book Review)
        date: 1964-11-01
       words: 1458
      flesch: 58
     summary: Dr. Wilson's book records the story through its first thirty-two years with State College and the College for Women emerging as The University of North Carolina at Raleigh and The Univer- NOVEMBER 1964 sity of North Carolina at Greensboro. The section on college and university li- braries includes the presentation of plans for the following institutions: Harvard Med- ical School, San Diego State College, Uni- versity of Waterloo (Canada), University of Illinois (Chicago campus) , State College of Iowa (Cedar Falls), Bluffton College (Ohio), Western Kentucky State College, Asbury Theological Seminary (Kentucky), University of Notre Dame, and University of California (Riverside).
    keywords: college; libraries; university
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        item: #964 of 5668
          id: crl-11740
      author: Copeland, J. Isaac
       title: The University of North Carolina Under Consolidation, 1931-1963 (Book Review)
        date: 1964-11-01
       words: 723
      flesch: 54
     summary: Dr. Wilson's book records the story through its first thirty-two years with State College and the College for Women emerging as The University of North Carolina at Raleigh and The Univer- NOVEMBER 1964 sity of North Carolina at Greensboro. The University of North Carolina Under Consolidation, 1931-1963.
    keywords: university
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        item: #965 of 5668
          id: crl-11742
      author: Marco, Guy A.
       title: The Music Manuscript Period; A Background Essay and Bibliographical Guide
        date: 1965-01-01
       words: 6961
      flesch: 64
     summary: For a recent analysis of music in ' this period see Henry G. Farmer, Music in Ancient Mesopotamia, N Although much in need of revision, Eitner remains the best guide to library locations of music manuscripts; it is how- ever being replaced by the R epertoire International des Sources Musicales ( 1960- ) , a series described in a review article by Daniel Heartz, Journal of the American Musicological Society, XIV-2 (Summer 1961)' 268-73.
    keywords: ages; century; manuscripts; middle; music; musical; new; notation; paris; period; reese
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        item: #966 of 5668
          id: crl-11743
      author: Buckley, Carper W.
       title: The New Depository Program and College Libraries
        date: 1965-01-01
       words: 1780
      flesch: 49
     summary: The New Depository Program and College Lipraries Qualifications to be met by depository libraries under the new law are outlined, and a brief survey is presented of the conditions leading to its enactment. Statistics are given on the cost of government publishing, the extent of distribution, and the number of depository libraries.
    keywords: depository; publications
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        item: #967 of 5668
          id: crl-11745
      author: Downs, Robert B.; Delzell, Robert F.
       title: Professional Duties in University Libraries
        date: 1965-01-01
       words: 6138
      flesch: 35
     summary: In exceptional instances, specialized training and/ or experience may be substituted for part or all of the educational requirements; five years of professional library experience for part of which graduate study beyond-or oth- er than-the fifth-year library degree may be substituted; demonstrated ad- ministrative and supervisory ability where appropriate; subject specializa- tion where appropriate, evidenced by a graduate degree in the subject field or the equivalent in training and/ or experi- ence. Library administrators and supervi- sors are often oblivious to the prob- lem and to the true nature of profes- sional library duties.
    keywords: duties; librarian; libraries; library; professional; university; work
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        item: #968 of 5668
          id: crl-11746
      author: Samore, Theodore
       title: The Library Services Branch and Its Services to Libraries
        date: 1965-01-01
       words: 2762
      flesch: 55
     summary: THE LmRARY SERVICES BRANCH of the Office of Education is responsible for ( 1) administering the Library Services and Construction Act, which applies to public libraries, and ( 2) study, research, statistical, and advisory services on all types of libraries. There are specialists for public li- braries, school libraries, special libraries, college and university libraries, and li- brary education.
    keywords: education; libraries; library; services
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        item: #969 of 5668
          id: crl-11748
      author: Forman, Sidney
       title: A Librarian's Participation in the Conference on the African University and National Educational Development
        date: 1965-01-01
       words: 2152
      flesch: 46
     summary: Teachers College library supported the conference by establishing a small reference library at Lake Mohonk. Other conference participants also spoke of the pressing need for the pub- lication and distribution of reports, ab- stracts, and bibliographical guides.
    keywords: conference; education; library
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        item: #970 of 5668
          id: crl-11749
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1963-1964
        date: 1965-01-01
       words: 5614
      flesch: 57
     summary: aims to serve as a quick reference guide ... [for1 Irish studies and research work. This correspondence permits complemen- tary use of the two guides, although the present book's chief value may well be for armchair travelers and for reference work.
    keywords: articles; bibliography; books; english; guide; history; index; language; social; work
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        item: #971 of 5668
          id: crl-11750
      author: Coney, Donald
       title: The Age of the Scholar (Book Review)
        date: 1965-01-01
       words: 689
      flesch: 63
     summary: Nor are newspapers or the average run of magazines sufficient by themselves-that is, apart from the supple- mentary influence of major books. Although, like his colleagues, President Pusey hints at an apprehensiveness about the size, complexity, and expense of main- taining libraries, his description of the val- ues of reading and books will comfort li- brarians and reinforce their belief in their vocation: Basic to all but the most elementary learning is reading.
    keywords: books
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        item: #972 of 5668
          id: crl-11751
      author: Kaser, David
       title: Collier's Encyclopedia (Book Review)
        date: 1965-01-01
       words: 2166
      flesch: 57
     summary: The papers vary in length, quality, and content but have a unifying theme which is libraries and graduate and under- graduate education, libraries and interna- tional affairs, and library development in the future-topics that are seasonable as well as perennial. It is a significant event in the world of higher education when a most pressing educational problem is solved by large-scale investment in library buildings.
    keywords: books; collier; libraries; library
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        item: #973 of 5668
          id: crl-11758
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Association of Southeastern Research Libraries; ACRL Grants Committee Awards; Conference of Eastern College Librarians; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1965-01-01
       words: 8931
      flesch: 58
     summary: MARY ARMOUR is assistant cataloger in Brookings, S. Dak., College library. LESLIE PosTE, coordinator of graduate li- brary programs at State University College, Geneseo, and Major in the U.S. Army
    keywords: assistant; college; college library; grants; librarian; libraries; library; mrs; new; staff; state; state college; state university; university; university library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11758.pdf
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        item: #974 of 5668
          id: crl-11759
      author: Metcalf, Keyes D.
       title: Library Building Costs
        date: 1965-03-01
       words: 2466
      flesch: 75
     summary: A provision in the original budg- et for escalation of costs due to a possible increase in wage rates or to other costs stemming from inflation in case construction was delayed beyond the time it had been hoped the con- tract could be let? The complications in connection with building costs are more numerous and are equally difficult.
    keywords: building; construction; costs
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        item: #975 of 5668
          id: crl-11760
      author: McNeal, Archie
       title: That Was the Week
        date: 1965-03-01
       words: 484
      flesch: 62
     summary: The significance of a week devoted to the stimulation of interest in libraries and to the development and improve- ment of library service need not be in terms of what it means to the librarian. We can, however, use the publicity accorded libraries in this particular week as a starting point for some new program, or as a basis for renewed emphasis on certain aspects of a continuing program.
    keywords: library
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        item: #976 of 5668
          id: crl-11761
      author: Barkey, Patrick
       title: Patterns of Student Use of a College Library
        date: 1965-03-01
       words: 1949
      flesch: 72
     summary: TABLE 6 WITHDRAWAL BY SEX Number Per Cent of Average Checking Group Checking Number Number Out 1 or Out 1 or Books Books Total More Books More Books Withdrawn Withdrawn Men 1,746 605 34 2,465 4.0 Women ' 1,221 513 42 2,268 4.4 118 I College & Research Libraries • March, 1965 ported earlier,7 it was found that while the student population and gross book circulation doubled almost uniformly over a ten-year span, faculty use of the library, as reflected in such things as .average number of books circulated per faculty member, declined an alarming 50 per cent in a ten-year period. IN THE SPRING of 1962 a thirty-day study was made to determine the broad pattern of student use of the library at Eastern Illinois University.
    keywords: books; library
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        item: #977 of 5668
          id: crl-11762
      author: Harris, Michael H.
       title: The 357 Data Collection System for Circulation Control
        date: 1965-03-01
       words: 1658
      flesch: 65
     summary: The institute will consist of an opening general session, which will be devoted to a discussion of mistakes that have been made in recent library buildings, and five meetings for each of the three types of libraries-public libraries, school libraries, and college and university libraries. Their last session will consist of a tour to a selected number of ·school libraries in the Detroit area.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11762.pdf
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        item: #978 of 5668
          id: crl-11764
      author: Jahoda, Gerald; Accola, Ferrol Ann
       title: Library Records Prepared with the Aid of Data Processing Equipment
        date: 1965-03-01
       words: 3839
      flesch: 45
     summary: While a tabulation of the types of records that are now prepared with the aid of a machine is of interest, the rea- sons for utilizing such records, their ad- vantages and disadvantages, and their cost of development and operation are perhaps more important to the librarian who has to decide whether to use such techniques in' his own shop. I 137 proved record system.
    keywords: libraries; library; operations; records; serials; status
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11764.pdf
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        item: #979 of 5668
          id: crl-11765
      author: Forsyth, Kenna; Harvey, John F.
       title: Drexel Library School Students
        date: 1965-03-01
       words: 3984
      flesch: 76
     summary: The tables use the same minimum number of Drexel students, three for each college, however, and also omit certain universities which provided more than three students but had a low score in column 4. ' t Based on figures from Lovejoa/s College Guide, 1961-62. : College and Research Libraries KENNA FORSYTH and JOHN F. HARVEY Drexel Library School Students Where Do They Come from and Where Do They Go?
    keywords: cent; colleges; drexel; students
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        item: #980 of 5668
          id: crl-11766
      author: Glasby, Dorothy Joens
       title: New Periodicals of 1964--Part II
        date: 1965-03-01
       words: 6021
      flesch: 68
     summary: Kritika's first issue has six signed , reviews and future issues will have, in addition to reviews, news of Soviet publications of source materials and other reference works. The maiden issue contains the full papers of the conference 150 I College & Research Libraries • March, 1965 so is not, perhaps, to be considered char- acteristic of future issues which the pub- lishers say will contain, in addition to tech- nical articles, news of the industry and its people, of new eguipment developed and of new patents issued.
    keywords: articles; east; issue; journal; new; research; review
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11766.pdf
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        item: #981 of 5668
          id: crl-11767
      author: Perrine, Richard H.
       title: Bricks and Mortarboards (Book Review)
        date: 1965-03-01
       words: 1334
      flesch: 55
     summary: Four major types of campus buildings and the campus itself are considered in separately written sections: Classrooms, by Mel Elfin, Laboratories, by Bernard Asbell, Libraries, by Alvin Toffier, Dor- mitories, by Margaret Farmer, and Cam- pus, by James J. Morisseau. Concern about these questions led Edu- cational Facilities Laboratories to send five professional writers touring the country to visit outstanding recent campus buildings and to talk with people who planned or are using them.
    keywords: book; building; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11767.pdf
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        item: #982 of 5668
          id: crl-11768
      author: Kaser, David
       title: The Typographic Book, 1450-1935 (Book Review)
        date: 1965-03-01
       words: 1475
      flesch: 57
     summary: This is a beautiful book; many libraries and librarians will consider it worth the steep price which it commands. Further difficulties are explained by the writer who notes the recent revolution in the concept of college and university libraries (adapting the li- brary to man) and predicts a coming revo- lution (adapting the library to the machine).
    keywords: book; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11768.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11768.txt

        item: #983 of 5668
          id: crl-11771
      author: Mason, Ellsworth
       title: The Beinecke Siamese Twins: An Objective Review of Yale's New Rare Book Library Building.
        date: 1965-04-30
       words: 10086
      flesch: 70
     summary: My own experience indicates that library buildings fail most often be- cause architects have a tendency to conceive of ( as they talk of) buildings as spatial sculptures rather than spatial functions, and this often leads to build- ing from the outside in , despite pious protestations to the contrary. The most frightening aspects of the strange world of architects to librarians new at library building are its weird imprecision and radical lack of common sense.
    keywords: architects; beinecke; beinecke library; building; cases; floor; glass; library; room; stacks; yale
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11771.pdf
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        item: #984 of 5668
          id: crl-11772
      author: Cammack, Floyd M.
       title: Remote-Control Circulation
        date: 1965-04-30
       words: 3424
      flesch: 58
     summary: Book cards are prepared on con- tinuous form stock by the computing center from punched card information originating in the circulation and catalog departments. Serials records were to be considered separately in connec- tion with a new edition of the Hawaii Library Association's Union List of Serials ; The initial function of the catalog de- partment's 826 was to produce machine- readable book cards as a by-product of typing book pockets.
    keywords: book; borrower; card; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11772.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11772.txt

        item: #985 of 5668
          id: crl-11773
      author: Page, B. S.; McCarthy, Stephen A.
       title: Library Provision for Undergraduates - In England; In the United States
        date: 1965-04-30
       words: 3544
      flesch: 49
     summary: It should be immediately noted that although the separate undergraduate or college library has been adopted as the pattern of library service in a group of institutions, it has either not been con- sidered or it has been rejected by others which provide central library service to the university community in a single building~ The separate undergraduate library has been regarded as a means of im- proving library service to undergrad- uates by giving them their own special facilities, a book and periodical collec- tion chosen to meet their needs and a staff interested in providing library ser- vice to young college students. A major change in library service to undergraduates occurred with the open- ing of the Lamont library at Harvard in January 1949.
    keywords: libraries; library; undergraduate; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11773.pdf
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        item: #986 of 5668
          id: crl-11774
      author: Muller, Robert H.
       title: Principles Governing the Employment of Nonprofessional Personnel in University Libraries
        date: 1965-04-30
       words: 1011
      flesch: 44
     summary: The borderline between what is nonprofessional and what is profes- sional among library duties has become more sharply defined in re~ent years due in part to the shortage of library school graduates and the need to oper- ate libraries as efficiently and econom- ically as possible. College and Research Libraries ROBERT H. MULLER Principles Governing the Employment of Nonprofessional Personnel in University Libraries The work of academic libraries may be divided into two classifications: (1) that requiring professional qualifications, and (2) that requiring lesser skills or competences.
    keywords: library; nonprofessional
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        item: #987 of 5668
          id: crl-11775
      author: Hartz, Frederic R.
       title: Freshman Library Orientation: a Need for New Approaches
        date: 1965-04-30
       words: 2706
      flesch: 52
     summary: There is a significant and positive relationship between knowl- edge of library use and academic stand- ing. College and Research Libraries FREDERIC R. HARTZ Freshman Library Orientation: a Need for New Approaches Reevaluation of freshman library orientation programs is suggested with mafor emphasis on: (1) the need for a continuing four or five year orientation program; (2) increased college enrollments; (3) new media of communication; and ( 4) increased emphasis on the individual student.
    keywords: library; students; university; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11775.pdf
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        item: #988 of 5668
          id: crl-11777
      author: Silver, Cy H.
       title: Multi-Campus Distribution of Purchased Libraries
        date: 1965-04-30
       words: 5712
      flesch: 63
     summary: , they could, thus, be as- signed to library areas designed to re- ceive particular author, period and sub- ject collections. Rather, this paper shall describe and discuss the techniques by which these two collec- tions were distributed among libraries which have an aggressive, competitive interest in improving their holdings.
    keywords: books; collections; distribution; foot; libraries; library; ogden
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11777.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11777.txt

        item: #989 of 5668
          id: crl-11778
      author: Orne, Jerrold
       title: Optimum Storage of Library Material (Book Review)
        date: 1965-04-30
       words: 652
      flesch: 64
     summary: There is extensive discussion of the constraints which influence the meth- ods of shelving books, elements such as varying thickness, height or width of the book, the thickness of the shelf itself and over-all height of shelf units, as well as flexibility of shelf handling. In merely two hundred pages, beginning with chapter two, this research paper proves beyond any question (a) that you can shelve more books if they are grouped by size, (b) that you can shelve even more books if you use shelves to their full depth, and (c) that you can divide most books into three to five average heights.
    keywords: research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11778.pdf
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        item: #990 of 5668
          id: crl-11780
      author: Lazenby, Francis D.
       title: The Heritage of the English Library (Book Review)
        date: 1965-04-30
       words: 1468
      flesch: 57
     summary: The proposals for a nationwide program for improving access to the resources of medical literature in Canada include: ( 1) the establishment of a National Medical Bibliographic Centre and Information Ser- vice; ( 2) a program of financial aid to medical school libraries to enable them t<)_ bring their collections up to recognized standards; ( 3) the establishment and main- tenance of an auxiliary provincewide library service for the continuing education pro- grams; ( 4) the setting-up, in all teaching hospitals, of medical libraries which meet professional library standards; ( 5) the set- ting-up of a program for the training of Book Reviews I 251 medical science libr-arians at an accredited Canadian library school. Even though it por- trays the Canadian scene, the survey will be valuable for other countries whose medical school libraries are faced with expanding re- search programs, continuing education pro- grams, lack of supporting libraries in teach- ing hospitals, and the new interdisciplinary teaching programs.-OZga
    keywords: libraries; library; medical
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11780.pdf
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        item: #991 of 5668
          id: crl-11782
      author: Govan, James F.
       title: Classification and Indexing in the Social Sciences (Book Review)
        date: 1965-04-30
       words: 1470
      flesch: 53
     summary: The terms Personality and Ac- tivity, especially as used here, are far from precise-are indeed rather subjective judg- ments which would inevitably vary from person to person. As the author translates sub- jects from their natural to their UDC nota- tional language he deftly inserts concise identification of classification concepts.
    keywords: classification; foskett; social
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11782.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11782.txt

        item: #992 of 5668
          id: crl-11784
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: ACRL Rare Books Preconference; The Association of Research Libraries; Junior College Libraries Conferences; ACRL Constitution and Bylaws; Proposed Amendments to the ACRL Constitution and Bylaws; ACRL Subject Specialists Section: Slavic and East European Subsection Bylaws; News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1965-04-30
       words: 7435
      flesch: 61
     summary: Any member of the American Library Association may desig- nate the Association of College and Re- search Libraries as the type of library divi- sional membership or may become a mem- ber upon payment of the additional divi- sional membership fee as provided in the American Library Association Bylaws. The name of this organization shall be the Association of College and Research Libraries, a division of the Amer- ican Library Association.
    keywords: article; association; committee; libraries; library; president; sec; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11784.pdf
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        item: #993 of 5668
          id: crl-11787
      author: Peterson, Kenneth G.
       title: Books on Religion in State University Libraries
        date: 1965-06-30
       words: 5164
      flesch: 49
     summary: Although the general literature per- taining to book selection for university li- braries does not deal individually with religious materials, it does offer a frame- work of general information and ideas within which a philosophy for selecting religious books may be conceived. If the acquisi- tions department has a core of bibliog- raphers engaged in book selection, the concern for general religious materials might be assigned to one or more of these.
    keywords: books; library; religion; religious; selection; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11787.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11787.txt

        item: #994 of 5668
          id: crl-11788
      author: Hunt, Donald R.
       title: Where Is the General Reference Librarian and Bread-and-Butter Service?
        date: 1965-06-30
       words: 3176
      flesch: 59
     summary: This important as- pect of library service would be rele- gated to an information clerk sitting in splendid isolation by the umbrella stand giving traffic directions. Most of these latter patrons have formed their attitudes through poor contacts at public service desks and to win their confidence should be a greater challenge than answering an esoteric reference question or compiling a thirty-page bib- liography on cranberries.
    keywords: librarian; library; reference; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11788.pdf
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        item: #995 of 5668
          id: crl-11789
      author: Gennaro, Richard De
       title: A Computer Produced Shelf List
        date: 1965-06-30
       words: 3743
      flesch: 62
     summary: It might be possible to account for a large percent- age of the use of a traditional card cata- log by converting a relatively small num- ber of shelf lists. It was decided that, initially at least, Widener would content itself with shelf lists that were in the standard upper case machine font.
    keywords: library; list; shelf; shelf list
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11789.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11789.txt

        item: #996 of 5668
          id: crl-11790
      author: Petrof, Barbara G.
       title: Theory: the X Factor in Librarianship
        date: 1965-06-30
       words: 1097
      flesch: 49
     summary: These viewpoints are supported by the fact that at present there is no gener- ally accepted library theory. This is perhaps to be expected since much library research is conducted by practicing librarians who set out to solve their own problems and then report the results in print.
    keywords: librarianship; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11790.pdf
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        item: #997 of 5668
          id: crl-11791
      author: Porterfield, Genevieve
       title: Staffing of Interlibrary Loan Service
        date: 1965-06-30
       words: 1493
      flesch: 62
     summary: A time study comparing situations where interlibrary loan work is worked in with other work (if time could be measured under these circumstances ) and situations where it is done separately in quarters of its own. Library 7: Frequent overtime work ; nevertheless reference work and book selection duties neglected. Library 8: Frequent overtime work, but other work sometimes neglected.
    keywords: library; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11791.pdf
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        item: #998 of 5668
          id: crl-11792
      author: Pritchard, Hugh
       title: Pre-Arrival Library Instruction for College Students
        date: 1965-06-30
       words: 507
      flesch: 63
     summary: Samples of the questionnaire, the test and The Library section of the -Hand- book may be requested from the refer- ence department of the University of New Hampshire library in Durham. If his grade was low, it was suggested he improve his skill by visiting his local public library and by consulting books that would help him.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11792.pdf
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        item: #999 of 5668
          id: crl-11793
      author: Parr, Mary; Humeston, E. J.
       title: Library School Placement
        date: 1965-06-30
       words: 2941
      flesch: 57
     summary: Library School Placement Good' placement programs in library schools begin when applications are received for admission. All data collected at that time, together with a graduate's academic record while in library school, the faculty's evaluation of him, and reports of jobs held while in library school, are part of a good placement dossier.
    keywords: library; placement; school
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11793.pdf
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        item: #1000 of 5668
          id: crl-11794
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1964-65
        date: 1965-06-30
       words: 5002
      flesch: 57
     summary: Therefore the category of secondary sources includes reference works and historical-cultural materials both in Hungarian and foreign languages in addi- tion to purely literary materials. October 1, 1963 was the cutoff date for new material in the body of the work, but an appendix updates the information to February 1964.
    keywords: articles; bibliography; dictionary; guide; index; new; reference; subject; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11794.pdf
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        item: #1001 of 5668
          id: crl-11795
      author: Cheney, Frances Neel
       title: Reference Work and Its Tools (Book Review)
        date: 1965-06-30
       words: 654
      flesch: 44
     summary: The chief librarian of Jadavpur Univer- sity has endorsed the liberal or maximum theory of reference work in an introduction which combines a discussion of its philoso- phy, concepts and principles, nature and techniques, and organization, with a guide to a selected list of useful reference tools. ! The nature of reference service in different types of libraries-public, college, univer- sity, school and special-is summarized.
    keywords: reference; tools
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11795.pdf
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        item: #1002 of 5668
          id: crl-11797
      author: Roberts, E. G.
       title: Technical Libraries: Users and Their Demands (Book Review)
        date: 1965-06-30
       words: 727
      flesch: 56
     summary: Little real evidence is offered to support the hypothesis that customers of technical libraries can be clas- sified into meaningful user groups. to discover what items of information or documents customers seek, why they seek them and how they obtain them. 2. to test a hypothesis; that it is possible to classify customers into user groups possessing recognisable common features and characteristic behaviour patterns, and to classify group needs. 3.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11797.pdf
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        item: #1003 of 5668
          id: crl-11798
      author: Rees, Alan M.
       title: Libraries and Automation (Book Review)
        date: 1965-06-30
       words: 2183
      flesch: 52
     summary: This report gives the chief results of a pilot study on the use made of a selected number of technical libraries located in Greater London during 1962 and 1963. Little real evidence is offered to support the hypothesis that customers of technical libraries can be clas- sified into meaningful user groups.
    keywords: libraries; library; technical; users
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11798.pdf
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        item: #1004 of 5668
          id: crl-11803
      author: Weber, David C.
       title: The Place of "Professional Specialists" on the University Library Staff
        date: 1965-08-31
       words: 3438
      flesch: 44
     summary: College and Research Libraries DAVID C. WEBER The Place of Professional Specialists'~ on the University Library Staff A growing group within the staffs of university libraries is that of pro- fessional specialist. There is undoubtedly a national trend for an increasing proportion of positions in university libraries to be specialist in character.
    keywords: libraries; library; professional; specialist; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11803.pdf
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        item: #1005 of 5668
          id: crl-11804
      author: Brummel, L.
       title: IFLA and Its Future Policy
        date: 1965-08-31
       words: 3920
      flesch: 62
     summary: The ultimate future of IFLA may well be a series of regional groups, similar perhaps to the Latin-American Regional Section found- ed in 1962, each with its own organiza- tion and meetings .... Proposed as being essential to its continued success are: (1) a broader base for its fiscal support; (2) special conferences for particular groups of librarians; (3) improved annual programing; (4) better com- munication between IFLA and its constituent organizations; and, (5) a more extensive publication program.
    keywords: ifla; international; library; world
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11804.pdf
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        item: #1006 of 5668
          id: crl-11805
      author: Waddington, Charles C.
       title: The Location of a Library's Science Collection
        date: 1965-08-31
       words: 2404
      flesch: 51
     summary: Increasing emphasis upon multidisciplinary research argues for greater centralization of science libraries. To arrive at a reasonable utiliza- tion of library materials, the books and journals must be used a certain number of times within a given unit of time.
    keywords: libraries; library; science; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11805.pdf
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        item: #1007 of 5668
          id: crl-11806
      author: Wojcik, Maria
       title: Academic Library Instruction
        date: 1965-08-31
       words: 1250
      flesch: 53
     summary: It is important to observe that in the past much of the work of giving library instruction to students has been done by librarians without the help of college and university administrators, and that the burden it places on other aspects of library work is frequently excessive. In Poland the sporadic offering of li- brary instruction to college students be- gan between the two wars.
    keywords: instruction; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11806.pdf
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        item: #1008 of 5668
          id: crl-11807
      author: Schick, Frank L.; Carl, Herbert A.
       title: Magazines in the Twentieth Century (Book Review)
        date: 1965-08-31
       words: 669
      flesch: 62
     summary: Chapter headlines include: The Birth of the Modern Magazine (treats the shift from agrarian to an industrial economy, ad- vances in printing, the effects of low prices, mass production, and mass distribution) ; Advertising: Its Growth and Effects; The Expanding Magazine Market; The Eco- nomic Structure of the Industry; The Log- istics of Magazine Publishing (includes the economic plight of the freelance au- thor); The Old Leaders That Died; The Troubled Giant (Curtis Publishing Co.); The Old Leaders That Survived; New Leaders: The Missionaries; New Leaders: The Merchants (Conde N ast Publications, Inc.; Esquire, Inc.; Cowles Magazines and Broadcasting, Inc.; Fawcett Publications, Inc.; and the Dell Publishing Company); Success by Imitation; Expansion by Com- pression; (includes treatment of Time and Life as well as the comic books); Mag- azines for Everybody; Magazines for Cul- tural Minorities (two broad types: literary and political); and finally, Magazines, 1900-64: An Assessment. Princeton University Press, 1946) and Mary Noel's Villain's Galore; the Heyday of the Popular Story Weekly (New York: Macmillan, 1954).
    keywords: magazines; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11807.pdf
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        item: #1009 of 5668
          id: crl-11809
      author: Harrer, Gustave A.
       title: Encyclopedia Americana (Book Review)
        date: 1965-08-31
       words: 2234
      flesch: 64
     summary: For more than fifteen years Professor Um- stattd of the University of Texas has taught a course on problems of college teaching. He has drawn upon his experience in this course, upon his own varied background as a professor, and upon selected findings of research in writing a comprehensive volume on college teaching.
    keywords: college; major; teaching
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11809.pdf
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        item: #1010 of 5668
          id: crl-11812
      author: Bruer, Michael
       title: Moving Library Materials (Book Review)
        date: 1965-08-31
       words: 754
      flesch: 66
     summary: As the author points out, it is difficult to find a single com- prehensive analysis of the techniques of moving library materials. The present work is designed to outline the theoretical and practical requirements for moving books and library materials in libraries of every type and size.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11812.pdf
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        item: #1011 of 5668
          id: crl-11813
      author: Taylor, Robert S.
       title: Libraries of the Future (Book Review)
        date: 1965-08-31
       words: 1497
      flesch: 65
     summary: As the author points out, it is difficult to find a single com- prehensive analysis of the techniques of moving library materials. The present work is designed to outline the theoretical and practical requirements for moving books and library materials in libraries of every type and size.
    keywords: book; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11813.pdf
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        item: #1012 of 5668
          id: crl-11814
      author: Wooster, Harold
       title: Specialized Information Centers (Book Review)
        date: 1965-08-31
       words: 2229
      flesch: 56
     summary: James Ja- cobs' paper on the possibilities of data proc- essing in school library systems appears to be valid enough, although for the most part it depicts planning rather than current op- eration. Special library systems are represented by two papers, Marjorie Grif- fin's history of the trial-and-error method of development at IBM's Advanced Sys- tems Development and Research Library, and Hillis Griffin's description of processing and circulation at the National Reactor Testing Station Technical Library in Idaho.
    keywords: book; information; library; systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11814.pdf
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        item: #1013 of 5668
          id: crl-11816
      author: Glasby, Dorothy Joens
       title: New Periodicals of 1965--Part I
        date: 1965-08-31
       words: 6981
      flesch: 67
     summary: Excerpta Medica Foundation, New York Academy of Medicine Bldg., 2 East 103d St., New York 10029. Excerpta Medica Foundation, New York Academy of Med- icine Bldg., 2 East 103d St., New York 10029.
    keywords: american; international; issue; jan; journal; new; quarterly; review
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11816.pdf
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        item: #1014 of 5668
          id: crl-11819
      author: Heinz, Grete
       title: A Case Study in Microfilming Documents
        date: 1965-11-01
       words: 7121
      flesch: 50
     summary: A positive copy of the entire microfilm of Collection NSDAP Hauptarchiv was given to the State Department, which deposited it at the National Archives. Since there was no possibility of ac- curately identifying the contents of the entire collection, an attempt was made, finally, by the compilers of the Guide to reconstruct how far the microfilms cor- responded to a pre-existing set of docu- ments and to retrace the steps whereby Collection NSDAP Hauptarchiv evolved to its final shape at the Berlin Docu- ment Center.
    keywords: berlin; collection; documents; files; hauptarchiv; hitler; material; nsdap; party
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11819.pdf
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        item: #1015 of 5668
          id: crl-11820
      author: Brock, Clifton
       title: The Quiet Crisis in Government Publishing
        date: 1965-11-01
       words: 8779
      flesch: 56
     summary: To what ex- tent, and under what conditions, are they available to the general public, li- braries, scientists, and others who have a legitimate need for the information contained in government publications? Given the $72.9 million for publication printing by GPO, this would mean that 44 per V cent of government publications are pro- duced outside the Government Printing Office.
    keywords: cent; committee; distribution; executive; government; gpo; printing; publications; total
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11820.pdf
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        item: #1016 of 5668
          id: crl-11821
      author: Weber, David C.
       title: Library Overhead Allowances under Government Research Agreements
        date: 1965-11-01
       words: 1609
      flesch: 52
     summary: The necessary sup- porting analysis of library costs is discussed, and there is reference to a recent study of costs at Stanford University. The revised circular is significant with regard to library costs in two main areas.
    keywords: costs; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11821.pdf
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        item: #1017 of 5668
          id: crl-11822
      author: Cain, Stith M.
       title: Student Library Committees
        date: 1965-11-01
       words: 1868
      flesch: 47
     summary: Local circumstances should determine the use or nonuse of student library committees. There are other functions that worth- while student library committees have performed.
    keywords: committee; library; student
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11822.pdf
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        item: #1018 of 5668
          id: crl-11823
      author: Bregzis, Ritvars
       title: The Ontario New Universities Library Project--an Automated Bibliographic Data Control System
        date: 1965-11-01
       words: 7261
      flesch: 63
     summary: Entry record refers to the whole record of a work dis- played in a catalog; usually this term is qualified as main entry record, added entry record, or subject entry record. It is assumed that the arrangement of entry records in the catalog depends more on the relative characteristics between these records than on the specific characteristics of the individual record.
    keywords: bibliographic; catalog; data; entry; information; library; record; title
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11823.pdf
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        item: #1019 of 5668
          id: crl-11825
      author: Mathis, Harold
       title: Professional or Clerical: A Cross-Validation Study
        date: 1965-11-01
       words: 1595
      flesch: 51
     summary: The council's policy statement, defining the school library as a part of instruction, is one of the most important publications in creating a favorable attitude toward im- proving school library services. 73.41 Ellsworth writes about school libraries, the reader may well take issue with his thesis that school libraries were moribund until the 1960's.
    keywords: librarians; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11825.pdf
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        item: #1020 of 5668
          id: crl-11828
      author: Alderson, William T.
       title: American State Archives (Book Review)
        date: 1965-11-01
       words: 1499
      flesch: 59
     summary: Admittedly, its purpose is differ- ent, for it attempts to present to school ad- ministrators a picture of school library needs in the rapidly-changing schools of our day, while the first School Library was primarily concerned with architectural aspects of the -school library. Except for a paragraph devoted to the Knapp School Libraries Project, he seems unaware of the extent of school libraries in elementary schools.
    keywords: archival; library; school
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11828.pdf
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        item: #1021 of 5668
          id: crl-11829
      author: Darling, Richard L.
       title: The School Library (Book Review)
        date: 1965-11-01
       words: 1423
      flesch: 60
     summary: Admittedly, its purpose is differ- ent, for it attempts to present to school ad- ministrators a picture of school library needs in the rapidly-changing schools of our day, while the first School Library was primarily concerned with architectural aspects of the -school library. Except for a paragraph devoted to the Knapp School Libraries Project, he seems unaware of the extent of school libraries in elementary schools.
    keywords: library; school
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11829.pdf
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        item: #1022 of 5668
          id: crl-11830
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: The Association of Research Libraries; University Libraries Section Bylaws; News from the Field; Additional ACRL, Section and Subsection Appointments; Personnel
        date: 1965-11-01
       words: 11379
      flesch: 60
     summary: MYRNA JEAN MoRTON has joined the ac- quisitions department staff at Ohio Wes- leyan University library. JIM R. ELKOUlU has joined the catalog division of Stanford University libraries.
    keywords: assistant; center; chairman; college; committee; librarian; libraries; library; mrs; new; research; section; staff; state; university; university libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11830.pdf
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        item: #1023 of 5668
          id: crl-11831
      author: Pizer, Irwin H.
       title: A Mechanized Circulation System
        date: 1966-01-01
       words: 3921
      flesch: 74
     summary: The total number of book cards which must be made prior to operating 1 I. H. Pizer, I. T. Anderson, and E. Brodman, Mechanization of Library Procedures in the Medium- Sized Medical Library : II. CHARGE CARD
    keywords: book; card; data; library; number
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11831.pdf
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        item: #1024 of 5668
          id: crl-11832
      author: Leimkuhler, Ferdinand F.
       title: Systems Analysis in University Libraries
        date: 1966-01-01
       words: 3128
      flesch: 62
     summary: College and Research Libraries FERDINAND F. LEIMKUHLER Systems Analysis in Univer.~ity Libraries A comprehensive engineering approach to the analysis and functional design of library systems is described in terms of the fundamental space-time relationships which characterize university libraries. The theory is bound to play an increasingly important role in the future design of library systems.
    keywords: circulation; libraries; library; rate
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11832.pdf
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        item: #1025 of 5668
          id: crl-11835
      author: McGaw, Howard F.
       title: Academic Libraries Using the LC Classification System
        date: 1966-01-01
       words: 2531
      flesch: 74
     summary: Inst u 1,323 Johns Hopkins U JC 4 Hampton Jr C LA 51 St. Johns C JC . Stat Raleigh JC 15 Asheville Biltmore C North Dakota JC 55 Assumption C Ohio u u LA LA SP Oklahoma TEA TEA Oregon u LA LA LA JC 862 U of Cincinnati 1,664 Ohio St U 38 C of Steubenville 126 Wittenberg U 1 Miami-Jacobs Jr C Bus 64 East Central St C 75 Southeastern St C 460 Oregon St U 104 U of Portland 139 Portland St C 158 Reed C 10 Southern Oregon C Pennsylvania U 152 Villanova U U 633 Temple U U 1,137 U of Pittsburgh LA 32 Holy Family C LA 45 Penn Military C LA
    keywords: tea
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11835.pdf
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        item: #1026 of 5668
          id: crl-11836
      author: Dawson, John M.
       title: Not Too Academic
        date: 1966-01-01
       words: 2468
      flesch: 58
     summary: In some libraries this is con- sidered professional work; in others it is not. And yet all of us know some who have managed to pass through library school without its teachings having made any impression on them.
    keywords: libraries; library; professional
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11836.pdf
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        item: #1027 of 5668
          id: crl-11837
      author: McAnally, Arthur
       title: The Administration of Academic Affairs in Higher Education (Book Review)
        date: 1966-01-01
       words: 1447
      flesch: 58
     summary: The value of reference work in maintaining good public relations is recog- nized by everyone, but the complicated re- lationship between the reference function and the other technical processes calls for frequent new definition, and the double- edged responsibility of reference personnel to interpret the administration on one hand, and represent the public on the other, has not yet been sufficiently explored in pro- fessional literature. Cases dealing with policy, depart- mental administration, and the ethics of reference work are interspersed throughout the text.
    keywords: reference; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11837.pdf
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        item: #1028 of 5668
          id: crl-11838
      author: Howell, Isabel
       title: Problems in Reference Service; Cas Studies in Method and Policy (Book Review)
        date: 1966-01-01
       words: 1494
      flesch: 64
     summary: Over six years ago the Rare Bpoks Sec- tion of ACRL decided to sponsor a hand- book that would serve as an introduction to the field of rare books. This was a large order since any knowledge in this exacting field is acquired only through long years of working with rare books and with those who know rare books.
    keywords: rare; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11838.pdf
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        item: #1029 of 5668
          id: crl-11839
      author: Shaffer, Ellen
       title: Rare Book Collections (Book Review)
        date: 1966-01-01
       words: 765
      flesch: 72
     summary: Over six years ago the Rare Bpoks Sec- tion of ACRL decided to sponsor a hand- book that would serve as an introduction to the field of rare books. This was a large order since any knowledge in this exacting field is acquired only through long years of working with rare books and with those who know rare books.
    keywords: rare
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11839.pdf
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        item: #1030 of 5668
          id: crl-11840
      author: Littleton, Isaac T.
       title: Resources of North Carolina Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1966-01-01
       words: 503
      flesch: 58
     summary: It is a comprehensive compendium of statistics and facts about North Carolina libraries, organized in a useful and understandable volume. It is the first survey ever published of library resources of North Carolina.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11840.pdf
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        item: #1031 of 5668
          id: crl-11841
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1964-1965
        date: 1966-01-01
       words: 4910
      flesch: 59
     summary: Although the editor felt obliged to omit prices, the work should be a great timesaver in both acquisitions and reference work. Clear instructions make t4is reference book very easy to use.-S.R. SociAL SciENCES Congressional Quarterly Service.
    keywords: books; guide; index; library; new; reference; volume; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11841.pdf
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        item: #1032 of 5668
          id: crl-11842
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Personnel
        date: 1966-01-01
       words: 8700
      flesch: 61
     summary: HELENE OTT was named to the staff of Stanford University libraries in October. SADIE A. THOMPSON, staff member of Northwestern University libraries for forty- one years and head of the periodical de- partment on her retirement in 1946, died on Oct. 25 in Evanston, Ill. RETIREMENTS MRs.
    keywords: assistant; college; librarian; libraries; library; mrs; new; reference; school; staff; state; state university; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11842.pdf
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        item: #1033 of 5668
          id: crl-11844
      author: Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: Symbol Manipulative Programming For Bibliographic Data Processing on Small Computer
        date: 1966-03-01
       words: 2313
      flesch: 58
     summary: Culbertson, in the paper referred to above, urged that librarians adopt COBOL for library computer programs. There- fore, the paper presents suggestions for programs, for production runs, not for one-shot programs.
    keywords: data; processing; program
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11844.pdf
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        item: #1034 of 5668
          id: crl-11845
      author: Weber, David C.
       title: Tenure for Librarians in Academic Institutions
        date: 1966-03-01
       words: 2436
      flesch: 45
     summary: Other schools feel that an equally just, and in some respects a more logical, policy exists in a personnel program de- signed to meet the special purposes of librarianship in academic institutions . •• 5 Librarians under such a situa- tion must have faculty rank.
    keywords: academic; librarians; tenure
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11845.pdf
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        item: #1035 of 5668
          id: crl-11846
      author: Roberts, Matt
       title: Some Ideas on Moving a Book Collection
        date: 1966-03-01
       words: 4342
      flesch: 64
     summary: Since both the total stack footage in the new library and th·e linear feet of books to be moved are known, the li- brarian can arrange the subject classes in descending order of expansion po- tential, as best he is able to determine, and then increase the space allocated beginning with those subjects high on the list, as well as those which will soon be absorbing storage, or other books. At that time addi- tional help should be available if needed to maintain the now constant flow, be- cause once the momentum of book flow . has been built up, it must not be per- mitted to falter.
    keywords: books; collection; library; moving
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11846.pdf
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        item: #1036 of 5668
          id: crl-11847
      author: Bloomfield, Masse
       title: The Writing Habits of Librarians
        date: 1966-03-01
       words: 5830
      flesch: 63
     summary: For library science doctorates, this num- be~ was 157 publications, for non-library- science doctorates, this number was 154 publications. It might be of value for a study to relate the reasons for the lack of correlation between the proline au- thors holding library science doctorates and the prolilic authors of documenta- tion literature.
    keywords: librarians; library; number; publications
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11847.pdf
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        item: #1037 of 5668
          id: crl-11848
      author: Forsyth, Kenna; Parr, Mary Y.
       title: Library Technicians at Drexel
        date: 1966-03-01
       words: 1400
      flesch: 63
     summary: Students with library positions maintained a com- bined average of seventy-five, but those students who held no positions had a combined average of only sixty-nine. Although some had to with- draw because of low averages, it is dis- appointing that the others did not take advantage of the opportunity to take more courses.
    keywords: library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11848.pdf
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        item: #1038 of 5668
          id: crl-11851
      author: Glasby, Dorothy Joens
       title: New Periodicals of 1965-Part II
        date: 1966-03-01
       words: 5620
      flesch: 68
     summary: Uni- versity of New York, Centro will include a variety of articles, poems, and stories in English or in Spanish. Urban Affairs Quarterly is issued by Sage Publications but sponsored by the City University of New York because, as the Chancellor of the university says in the first issue, although many scholars and in- stitutions are making important contribu- tions to urban planning, transportation, housing, education, sociology, etc.
    keywords: american; articles; issue; new; quarterly; review; university; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11851.pdf
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        item: #1039 of 5668
          id: crl-11852
      author: Foskett, D. J.
       title: Theory of Knowledge Classification in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1966-03-01
       words: 699
      flesch: 63
     summary: The guide is di- vided into three main parts: ( 1) the intro- duction, which includes the function of the search and principles of card catalog en- tries; (2) the technique of the search, includ- ing a comparison of procedures followed in several libraries, use of the main card catalog, use of bibliographies and catalogs, illustrative searches, search of the outstand- ing order file, serials and series and final steps; and ( 3) an appendix, which includes sections on the most frequently used biblio- graphic tools and selective lists of national, trade, and specialized bibliographies. I am con- 142/ Book Reviews vinced, however, of the value of the work it describes, and recommend it to teachers in American library schools who are look- ing for a simple account of the principles of facet analysis.
    keywords: book
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11852.pdf
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        item: #1040 of 5668
          id: crl-11853
      author: Dunlap, Connie
       title: A Searcher's Manual (Book Review)
        date: 1966-03-01
       words: 1454
      flesch: 62
     summary: A new edi- tion might include an introduction contain- ing general searching principles as well as a chapter on modifications in searching and problems encountered with computerized order records.-Connie Dunlap, University of Michigan. The material is generally well organized, and good use is made of samples and tables throughout the text.
    keywords: book; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11853.pdf
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        item: #1041 of 5668
          id: crl-11854
      author: Krummel, Donald W.
       title: The Brothers Harper (Book Review)
        date: 1966-03-01
       words: 1475
      flesch: 54
     summary: (Among Mr. Exman's least successful chapters, for instance, is his sixth, in which he attempts to demonstrate how his fum launched American authors.) Mr. Exman has tried his best to discover the individualities of the four brothers-Fletch- er the friend of authors, Wesley the printer, John the bookkeeper, James the personnel manager-but their uncommunicative ways leave us agreeing with their adage that any one of us is Harper, and the other three are the brothers.
    keywords: authors; exman
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11854.pdf
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        item: #1042 of 5668
          id: crl-11855
      author: Shera, Jesse H.
       title: Focus on Information and Communication (Book Review)
        date: 1966-03-01
       words: 1418
      flesch: 48
     summary: This book adopts the meaning used by those who are highly oriented toward computer theory; it there- fore includes information science as a branch of computer science, with heavy emphasis on the problems in artificial in- telligence. The collection opens with an essay by Rupert Crawshay-Williams on a linguistical- ly based method for resolving controversies in science and the philosophy of science as to the correctness of empirical statements or judgments when the facts themselves are not in dispute.
    keywords: computer; information
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11855.pdf
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        item: #1043 of 5668
          id: crl-11857
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: ACRL Board of Directors
        date: 1966-03-01
       words: 4269
      flesch: 54
     summary: A statistics conference is scheduled for June 1-3, 1966 (the dates were changed after the A CRL Board meeting) and will include approximately one hundred partici- pants. The ACRL program in New York will be designed to ACRL Board of Directors I 149 give practical information to librarians on how to take advantage of the library pro- visions of the Higher Education Act of 1965.
    keywords: acrl; board; college; committee; library; members
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11857.pdf
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        item: #1044 of 5668
          id: crl-11858
      author: Tompkins, Marjorie M.
       title: Classification Evaluation of Professional Librarian Positions in the University of Michigan Library
        date: 1966-04-30
       words: 4997
      flesch: 45
     summary: IN THE PAST quarter century, libraries have increasingly adopted from business and other professions the principle of position classification as a means to as- sure equitable salary and status for posi- tions which may vary in duties but which have the same level of qualifica- tions and responsibilities. As a first step, the committee sought counsel from a professor and an admin- istrator of the school of business admin- istration concerning principles and pro- cedure of position classification.
    keywords: degree; evaluation; experience; library; positions; professional; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11858.pdf
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        item: #1045 of 5668
          id: crl-11860
      author: Byrd, Cecil K.
       title: Subject Specialists in a University Library
        date: 1966-04-30
       words: 1676
      flesch: 42
     summary: Further instruction in library resources and their use is given by the subject librarians in regularly taught courses, an- Subject Specialists in a University Library /193 nuallectures to new students, lectures to seminars and classes on specialized li- brary material, group tours, and through the compilation of subject lists. In an attempt to supply in other disciplines the bibliographical ex- pertise traditionally furnished by university library systems to de- partments with departmental libraries, Indiana University has over the past three years established ten subject specialist positions in the social sciences, humanities, and area studies programs.
    keywords: librarians; library; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11860.pdf
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        item: #1046 of 5668
          id: crl-11861
      author: Doerrer, David H.
       title: Overtime and the Academic Librarian
        date: 1966-04-30
       words: 4640
      flesch: 62
     summary: In the case of both categories of overtime, the majority in- dicated that compensatory time was au- thorized.11 A smaller number, however, reported any type of compensation for voluntary overtime than the number re- porting compensation for required over- time. To determine practices in their administration of «overtime,' the college and university libraries in New York State were polled, and the results of the survey are reported; conclusions are proposed.
    keywords: hours; libraries; overtime; performance; professional
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11861.pdf
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        item: #1047 of 5668
          id: crl-11862
      author: Cummings, Frederick
       title: The Art Reference Library
        date: 1966-04-30
       words: 3758
      flesch: 63
     summary: The importance of a sup'erior photograph collection to indi- vidual art reference libraries cannot be overstressed. Outstanding art reference libraries should have as complete microfilms of every 204 I College & Research Libraries • May, 1966 sales catalog as possible.
    keywords: art; collection; library; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11862.pdf
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        item: #1048 of 5668
          id: crl-11864
      author: Jain, A. K.
       title: Sampling and Short-Period Usage in the Purdue Library
        date: 1966-04-30
       words: 4332
      flesch: 77
     summary: But for DDC 370-379 the pattern was quite different: titles published before 1904, during 1904-1913, and 1934-1943 had about the same relative usage which was higher than the relative usage for titles pub- lished during 1914-1933. An attempt was made to fit a re- gression model for titles in English by quantifying the last three in- dependent variables with relative usage as the dependent variable.
    keywords: ddc; library; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11864.pdf
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        item: #1049 of 5668
          id: crl-11867
      author: Parr, Mary; Filderman, Marilyn
       title: Some Characteristics of Successful Alumni
        date: 1966-04-30
       words: 1608
      flesch: 56
     summary: The average successful alumnus had been younger and healthier while in library school, had been both graded and evaluated higher by his instructors, had come from a more prestigious undergraduate institution, had probably done more graduate work and held more library positions before attending library school, than the average unsuccessful alum- nus. The unsuccessful group included former students and alumni who were very difficult to place, or who had flunked out of library school yet held on to an inferior job, or who had never advanced beyond a $4,000 job.
    keywords: group; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11867.pdf
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        item: #1050 of 5668
          id: crl-11868
      author: Harvey, John F.
       title: The Role of the Junior College Library
        date: 1966-04-30
       words: 3675
      flesch: 61
     summary: There is very little dif- ference, basically, in the goals of four- and two-year college libraries and the campus roles they should play. And it is too bad that Branscomb's hopes for college libraries have seldom been realized.
    keywords: college; faculty; junior; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11868.pdf
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        item: #1051 of 5668
          id: crl-11869
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: Handbuch der Bibliothekswissenschaft Registerband (Book Review)
        date: 1966-04-30
       words: 659
      flesch: 60
     summary: Although library literature is filled with articles, proceedings of buildings institutes, and other useful information on college and university library buildings, it re- mained for Keyes D. Metcalf to do for aca- demic libraries what Joseph L. Wheeler and Alfred M. Githens did twenty-four years ago for public libraries. Book Reviews In a sense this monumental index should be viewed as an encyclopaedia of books and libraries.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11869.pdf
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        item: #1052 of 5668
          id: crl-11870
      author: Poole, Frazer G.
       title: Planning Academic and Research Library Buildings (Book Review)
        date: 1966-04-30
       words: 1376
      flesch: 58
     summary: The first of the two parts into which the book is divided covers the technical as- I 233 234 I College & Research Libraries • May, 1966 pects of library planning, including library objectives, financial matters (must reading not only for the librarian but also for the college or university administrator who wants to understand something of the many variables that influence library building costs), the concept of modular design ( cer- tainly the most comprehensive treatment of this subject in print), ceiling heights, traffic patterns (a broad-scope chapter de- voted to all aspects of the problem from the location of stairways and elevators to the spatial relationships of each element of the building), lightning, mechanical prob- lems, and furniture and equipment. Each chapter warrants the most careful study, although the material on furniture and equipment (because the au- thor was relying on publication of a man- ual on library furniture, in preparation by the Library Technology Project of the American Library Association but not yet available) is the least satisfactory.
    keywords: libraries; library; planning
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11870.pdf
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        item: #1053 of 5668
          id: crl-11871
      author: Bregzis, Ritvars
       title: Alphabetical Subject Indication of Information; The Coming Age of Information Technology (Book Review)
        date: 1966-04-30
       words: 2136
      flesch: 51
     summary: Although a systematic account of the sub- ject heading systems used in library catalogs is long overdue, Mr. Metcalfe's contribution nevertheless is a most needed one. Much of the material in the book is ap- plicable to libraries of any size, but where size is a consideration, the author is quick to point out its possible effects on planning.
    keywords: information; library; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11871.pdf
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        item: #1054 of 5668
          id: crl-11872
      author: LaBudde, Kenneth J.
       title: The Community College Library: A Plan for Action (Book Review)
        date: 1966-04-30
       words: 1411
      flesch: 54
     summary: A sec- tion on cross references is of particular use- fulness since in recent library literature there are virtually no systematic expositions describing the various functions of referral hidden under the uniform see also formu- la. Although a systematic account of the sub- ject heading systems used in library catalogs is long overdue, Mr. Metcalfe's contribution nevertheless is a most needed one.
    keywords: library; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11872.pdf
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        item: #1055 of 5668
          id: crl-11873
      author: Grazier, Robert T.
       title: Library Planning for Automation (Book Review)
        date: 1966-04-30
       words: 1808
      flesch: 54
     summary: Competent univer- sity librarians evidently found their assign- ment of relating the Warren proposal to library planning a bit sticky for they fre- quently retreated to discussing tangential matters such as the quality of microfilm readers and local applications of computers to library operations. One cannot judge the substance and worth of a conference by its printed pro- ceedings, and the participants in the con- clave may have gained considerable insight into the implications of the Warren proposal for library planning.
    keywords: college; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11873.pdf
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        item: #1056 of 5668
          id: crl-11874
      author: Bundy, Mary Lee
       title: Conflict in Libraries
        date: 1966-06-30
       words: 5385
      flesch: 55
     summary: This is not the organizational setting for maintain- ing a high level of professional service. Few academic library staffs engage in defining service goals and in working out plans to achieve them.
    keywords: conflict; libraries; library; organization; professional; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11874.pdf
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        item: #1057 of 5668
          id: crl-11875
      author: Gleazer, Edmund J.
       title: The State of the Junior College in Its Library
        date: 1966-06-30
       words: 2934
      flesch: 62
     summary: a national conference of junior col- lege administrators and librarians with emphasis upon the changing role of the library on the junior college campus and the emergence of the library as a more closely related instrument in the instruc- tional program; 2. establishment of an organized pro- gram for recruitment and preparation of junior college library personnel; 3. lists of materials appropriate to jun- ior college libraries, including those sup- portive to vocational-technical programs; 4. guidelines to encourage and sup- port effective library services both for new and existing institut~ons; 5. consultant services; 6. help for facility planning; Administrators for community colleges are prepared for community college ca- reers in the Junior College Leadership Program.
    keywords: college; community; junior; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11875.pdf
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        item: #1058 of 5668
          id: crl-11877
      author: Minder, Thomas
       title: Library Systems Analyst-A Job Description
        date: 1966-06-30
       words: 3555
      flesch: 55
     summary: The importance of evaluation data in library systems today cannot be over- emphasized. 2. Design and implement new and/ or improved library systems in terms of the library's physical limitations, funds, personnel, available equip- ment, and available techniques.
    keywords: analyst; library; management; systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11877.pdf
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        item: #1059 of 5668
          id: crl-11878
      author: Lane, Gorham
       title: Assessing the Undergraduates' Use of the University Library
        date: 1966-06-30
       words: 3619
      flesch: 64
     summary: Library use increased progressively from the freshman through the senior year, and again it was shown that seniors do not spend more hours in the library than members of other classes, but that they are more frequently found there and are more likely to be using library materials. This is attested to not only by the larger number of students who use the library in each of the four years, but by the increasing number of upperclass- men who make use of library materials rather than their own books.
    keywords: books; library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11878.pdf
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        item: #1060 of 5668
          id: crl-11879
      author: Poole, Herbert
       title: Teletypewriters in Libraries: A State of the Art Report
        date: 1966-06-30
       words: 2415
      flesch: 50
     summary: That fifteen libraries or library-related organizations have advantageously and successfully used teletypewriters since 1927 would indicate that this type of communication device is fairly well established in library operations. Au- tomation for the Reading Public, Office Executive, XXXV (May 1960), 18.--, Library Uses Teletypewriter, Journal of Business Education, XXXVI (October 1960), 25-26.
    keywords: advantages; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11879.pdf
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        item: #1061 of 5668
          id: crl-11883
      author: Abbott, John C.
       title: Parnassus on Main Street: A History of the Detroit Public Library (Book Review)
        date: 1966-06-30
       words: 757
      flesch: 67
     summary: This is another way of saying that library histories, particularly histories of in- dividual libraries, are not likely to be wide- ly read. Except as a source of colorful anec- dote or utilitarian explanation of how-it- all-came-to-be, we are not likely to be con- cerned with library history for its own sake.
    keywords: history; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11883.pdf
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        item: #1062 of 5668
          id: crl-11884
      author: Kaser, David
       title: Newspapering in the Old West; A Pictorial History of Journalism and Printing on the Frontier (Book Review)
        date: 1966-06-30
       words: 1500
      flesch: 64
     summary: This is another way of saying that library histories, particularly histories of in- dividual libraries, are not likely to be wide- ly read. Except as a source of colorful anec- dote or utilitarian explanation of how-it- all-came-to-be, we are not likely to be con- cerned with library history for its own sake.
    keywords: libraries; library; years
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11884.pdf
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        item: #1063 of 5668
          id: crl-11885
      author: Talmadge, Robert L.
       title: The Past and Likely Future of 58 Research Libraries, 1951-1980: A Statistical Study of Growth and Change (Book Review)
        date: 1966-06-30
       words: 1471
      flesch: 61
     summary: In terms of a report of projec- tion by H. L. White in 1939, Mr. Bryan found that movement in building collec- tions, erecting new libraries, and strength- ening staffs was very slow. Some nine thousand statistics for members of the Association of Research Libraries went into the analyses and projections presented by authors Dunn, Purdue's associate director of libraries, and his colleagues of Purdue's Instructional Media Research Unit.
    keywords: libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11885.pdf
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        item: #1064 of 5668
          id: crl-11886
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: Australian University Libraries: Today and Tomorrow (Book Review)
        date: 1966-06-30
       words: 728
      flesch: 60
     summary: In terms of a report of projec- tion by H. L. White in 1939, Mr. Bryan found that movement in building collec- tions, erecting new libraries, and strength- ening staffs was very slow. Bryan has been one of the advocates of cooperative collecting for the country, and writes: If they [university libraries] throw their weight behind the movement for rationali- zation of library resources and services on a national scale, they will not only make this rationalization much more meaningful, but also ensure that it preserves the degree of local self-sufficiency which is vital to the carrying out of their major role.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11886.pdf
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        item: #1065 of 5668
          id: crl-11887
      author: Krettek, Germaine; Moore, Everett T.; Welch, Helen M.; Gosnell, Charles F.; Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: The Higher Education Act of 1965: Background, Provisions, Administration; The Promise For Reference Librarians; Implications For Resources and Technical Services; From the Point of View of Library Administration; Guidelines for the Preparation of Grant Requests, and Implications for Library Education and ALA Divisions
        date: 1966-08-31
       words: 11503
      flesch: 56
     summary: No appro- priation was made for library research. Those of us who work in day-to-day operations, acquiring books and giving them bibliographic addresses in our col- lections, sometimes feel that the great powerhouse of research libraries which the Association of Research Libraries represents is pretty far removed from ~ur operation~, that the head of a large library doesn t recognize the desperate flailing of the arms as we try to keep from going under for the last time in the flood of materials which come to us in ever increasing waves.
    keywords: act; cataloging; education; education act; higher; higher education; libraries; library; program; research; title
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11887.pdf
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        item: #1066 of 5668
          id: crl-11888
      author: Shipman, Joseph C.
       title: Optimum Size and the Large Science Research Library
        date: 1966-08-31
       words: 2886
      flesch: 52
     summary: In conclusion, it might be said that «optimum size techniques may need to be related to a situation in the scien- tific literature and in scientific libraries, which show every indication of radical and extensive changes ahead. These changes will come very quickly, for the pace of achievements in new knowledge and in new literature, which demands these changes, give us very little time.
    keywords: libraries; literature; research; scientific
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11888.pdf
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        item: #1067 of 5668
          id: crl-11889
      author: Bergen, Dan
       title: Implications of General Systems Theory for Librarianship and Higher Education
        date: 1966-08-31
       words: 21993
      flesch: 50
     summary: He is unsettled about the apparent re- moval of systems theory from the em- pirical world-a two-stage removal if one considers general systems theories as inductively formulated on the bases of a common principle observed to be operative in a limited set of concrete systems. And 0. R. Young, in his overview of general systems theory, de- velops a taxonomy of concepts employed in systems theory which includes equi- finality, state-determined system, goal- changing feedback, overload, and ultra- stable system.136 In Miller's general sys- tems
    keywords: cit; college; concepts; course; education; empirical; general; general systems; information; knowledge; models; new; research; science; scientific; social; structure; systems; systems theory; theory
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11889.pdf
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        item: #1068 of 5668
          id: crl-11890
      author: Clarke, Robert F.; Clarke, Haydee Garcia
       title: Repeat Photocopying of Journal Articles
        date: 1966-08-31
       words: 2007
      flesch: 63
     summary: Further, the above means of 5.9 and 6.1 approximate each other, so that the mean number of articles photocopied per jour- nal title approaches the mean number of photocopies produced per journal title, all for journal titles published in the United States. 3921 College & Research Libraries • September, 1966 Stockpiling of extra copies of noncopy- righted journal articles which have been photocopied once, or more likely more than once, might be studied.
    keywords: articles; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11890.pdf
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        item: #1069 of 5668
          id: crl-11892
      author: Wheeler, Helen
       title: Community College Library 1965
        date: 1966-08-31
       words: 1677
      flesch: 46
     summary: Ways that community college faculty actively block an effective library program most frequently included the making of as- signments before notifying the library ( 70.43 per cent of the librarians reported this as being .the most frequent tech- nique), assuming nonexistent library skills on the part of the students, and failing to recognize the importance of their part in the teaching and conveying of library attitudes and experiences. The community college president's perception of his teachers, students, li- brarians, and library program is a re- vealing part of this picture of faculty- library integration.
    keywords: community; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11892.pdf
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        item: #1070 of 5668
          id: crl-11893
      author: Glasby, Dorothy Joens
       title: New Periodicals of 1966-Part I
        date: 1966-08-31
       words: 6323
      flesch: 69
     summary: Mr. Cliff F. Thompson, Box 31, 435 West 116th St., New York 10027. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 175 Fifth Ave., New York 10010.
    keywords: articles; education; issue; journal; new; quarterly; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11893.pdf
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        item: #1071 of 5668
          id: crl-11894
      author: Harrison, J. Clement
       title: Bibliographical Control and Service (Book Review)
        date: 1966-08-31
       words: 703
      flesch: 67
     summary: In 1963, the Joint Center for Urban Studies (MIT and Harvard) and the National Book Committee sponsored a Symposium on Library Functions in the Changing Metropolis. The purpose of this little textbook is a modest one, viz., to assist the student who is preparing himself for Paper Four of Part One of the recently revised examination syllabus of The (British) Library Associa- tion.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11894.pdf
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        item: #1072 of 5668
          id: crl-11895
      author: Henderson, James W.
       title: The Public Library and the City (Book Review)
        date: 1966-08-31
       words: 1437
      flesch: 61
     summary: The volume is organized to show a con- cern £rst with some of the people who use public libraries as well as those who do not use them; then with libraries them- selves; and £nally with trends in urban politics, government, and £seal policies affecting libraries. Charles M. Tiebout and Robert J. Willis examine the question of public support for libraries and conclude that, although fed- eral, state, and local governments have a responsibility, the individual library user has not paid his full share.
    keywords: library; public; student
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11895.pdf
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        item: #1073 of 5668
          id: crl-11896
      author: Dawson, John M.
       title: The Superior Student in American Higher Education (Book Review)
        date: 1966-08-31
       words: 1464
      flesch: 60
     summary: The volume is organized to show a con- cern £rst with some of the people who use public libraries as well as those who do not use them; then with libraries them- selves; and £nally with trends in urban politics, government, and £seal policies affecting libraries. This, rather than merely the superior student is the focus of this volume which, briefly, traces the history of the honors movement in America; spells out some of the charac- teristics and needs of the superior student (and inadvertently exposes the precious- ness of some of them) that lead to the de- velopment of honors programs; gives case studies of honors work in such differing academic milieus as liberal arts colleges, private and state universities, and secondary schools; and treats of the differing objectives and methods of departmental and college honors.
    keywords: honors; library; public
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11896.pdf
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        item: #1074 of 5668
          id: crl-11899
      author: Rouse, Roscoe
       title: Lyceum to Library: A Chapter in the Cultural History of Houston (Book Review)
        date: 1966-08-31
       words: 1212
      flesch: 62
     summary: The increasing volume of contract research on university campuses has resulted in a significant growth of special libraries within the aca- demic milieu. If only a small hand- ful of beginning librarians were fired by the passion and good taste exhibited by Mr. Holman, printing for libraries might one day be revolutionized.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11899.pdf
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        item: #1075 of 5668
          id: crl-11900
      author: Oh, Tai Keun
       title: New Dimensions of Management Theory
        date: 1966-11-01
       words: 4613
      flesch: 53
     summary: These classifications of modern organization theory are drawn from A. C. Filley's unpublished ms., chap- ter four, The Evolution of Management Theory, p. 18-19. industry, but rather it studies every kind of organization, from social clubs and prisons to military organizations and churches. He shows the influence of these different ap- proaches on library management up to the present and sugges.ts ways in which library managers could make further use of the vast body of theory and research in the management field.
    keywords: classical; library; management; organization; research; theory
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11900.pdf
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        item: #1076 of 5668
          id: crl-11901
      author: Nitecki, Andre
       title: Polish Books in America and the Farmington Plan
        date: 1966-11-01
       words: 5657
      flesch: 61
     summary: ..... 2 5 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 320 3 3 Indiana University University of Illinois Boston Public library Harvard University, Cambridge Total 104 98 66 45 38 33 29 25 19 17 12 12 10 9 6 5 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 557 Harvard University-law school library Harvard University- Peabody museum library Harvard University- graduate school of design Detroit public library Wayne State University University of Michigan Duke University University of North Carolina Cornell University New York public library Columbia University American museum of natural history Cleveland public library Free library of Philadelphia University of Washington University of Wisconsin 442 I College & Research Libraries • November, 1966 Zapowiedzi wydawnicze seemed to be the most suitable catalog published in Poland during the time of the study and was therefore used as the final source of titles to be checked against the holdings of United States libraries. The resulting data were organized with respect to individ- ual libraries, specific areas of study, or other meaningful categories, to permit a relatively exact estimate to be made of the over-all acquisition of Polish books by United States libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library; polish; states; titles; united
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11901.pdf
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        item: #1077 of 5668
          id: crl-11902
      author: O'Neil, Edward T.
       title: Sampling University Library Collections
        date: 1966-11-01
       words: 2924
      flesch: 71
     summary: The numbers associated with the locations will be re- ferred to as location numbers. While there are several ways to de- velop the set of location numbers, a nested system seems to be quite satis- factory.
    keywords: location; number
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11902.pdf
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        item: #1078 of 5668
          id: crl-11903
      author: Copeland, Alice T.
       title: Philosophy Journals as Current Book Selection Guides
        date: 1966-11-01
       words: 3568
      flesch: 72
     summary: They are perhaps less apt to be philosophical exegeses than book reviews. In order to an- swer this question a comparison was made of the coverage of books reviewed in philosophy journals with those re- viewed in two widely used library tools, Library Journal and Choice.
    keywords: books; journals; philosophy; reviews
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        item: #1079 of 5668
          id: crl-11905
      author: Balay, Robert; Gardner, John
       title: An Inexpensive Information Retrieval System using Coordination of Terms With Edge-Notched Cards
        date: 1966-11-01
       words: 3189
      flesch: 62
     summary: The pack of Keysort cards is then needled for these code numbers. As the collection grows, so does the file of Keysort cards, and the time and labor involved in needling becomes correspondingly greater.9
    keywords: cards; information; retrieval; system
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        item: #1080 of 5668
          id: crl-11906
      author: Donaldson, Mary Jane; Harvey, John F.
       title: Library School Instructor Evaluation
        date: 1966-11-01
       words: 4248
      flesch: 71
     summary: In his survey of the subject in the Hand- book of Research on Teaching, H. H. Remmers cites various studies which have shown that student ratings were not appreciably influenced by the diffi- culty of the course, by the halo effect, by the grades given to raters, or by the instructor's popularity in extracurricular activities. For the instructor with little ex- perience or training in teaching methods, student ratings can point out areas on which he must concentrate to increase his effectiveness.
    keywords: cent; library; ratings
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        item: #1081 of 5668
          id: crl-11908
      author: Forth, Stuart
       title: The Librarian and the Machine: Observations on the Applications of Machines in Administration of College and University Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1966-11-01
       words: 709
      flesch: 62
     summary: Ontario Libraries, a Province-wide Sur- vey and Plan, 1965. He recognizes that our whole profession suffers from the fact that for years non-selective admission policies and low financial rewards have pro- duced librarians sketchily educated in the genteel disciplines (English, history, music, or even, heaven forfend, French!) who are hostile to machine techniques.
    keywords: library
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        item: #1082 of 5668
          id: crl-11909
      author: Hagler, Ronald
       title: Ontario Libraries, a Province-wide Survey and Plan, 1965 (Book Review)
        date: 1966-11-01
       words: 1446
      flesch: 60
     summary: The principle of cooperation is certainly valid, but the surveyors ride it so hard that one wonders if they even considered the tempering role of tradition, of day-to-day work efficiency, or of library purposes. The problem areas are identified: geo- graphic imbalance, administrative inefficien- cy of small units, lack of ready communica- tion even among nearby libraries, and lack of provincewide coordination.
    keywords: libraries; library; ontario
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        item: #1083 of 5668
          id: crl-11910
      author: Marshall, John David
       title: The Role of the Library in Improving Education in the South (Book Review)
        date: 1966-11-01
       words: 1446
      flesch: 56
     summary: To pro- vide an opportunity for defining the role of the library in the South's efforts to solve a variety of economic, educational, social, and cultural problems; to communicate to nonlibrary groups the need for joint con- cern as well as the fact that libraries can make a significant contribution to programs designed for social betterment; to consider specific methods of planning and imple- menting all types of programs concerned with advancing the cause of education in the South: these were the purposes of this conference which was made possible by a 490 I College & Research Libraries • November~ 1966 grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. The principle of cooperation is certainly valid, but the surveyors ride it so hard that one wonders if they even considered the tempering role of tradition, of day-to-day work efficiency, or of library purposes.
    keywords: libraries; library; university
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        item: #1084 of 5668
          id: crl-11911
      author: Gjelsness, Rudolph
       title: A Survey of the University of Delhi Library (Book Review)
        date: 1966-11-01
       words: 1447
      flesch: 52
     summary: In a long range program to bring the college libraries into the main stream of library development in the university, several suggestions are made. Several fundamental recommendations are made relating to the government of the university library, all of which seem neces- sary to the creation of a centrally admin- istered university system of libraries.
    keywords: library; university
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        item: #1085 of 5668
          id: crl-11912
      author: Custer, Benjamin A.
       title: Classification Research (Book Review)
        date: 1966-11-01
       words: 579
      flesch: 47
     summary: To the mem- bers of this group classification is a basic tool of information retrieval, not just book or document retrieval. College and Research Libraries 492 I College & Research Libraries • November, 1966 Classification Research.
    keywords: classification
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        item: #1086 of 5668
          id: crl-11914
      author: Roberts, Matt
       title: Oversewing and the Problem of Book Preservation in the Research Library
        date: 1967-01-01
       words: 4647
      flesch: 71
     summary: The power-driven press unleashed a flood of books into the market, and, in conjunction with rising labor costs, compelled the binder to seek more and more sophisticated machinery for binding books. The difference in flexibility stems from the fact that raised cord books have solid backs, whereas books sewn by either of the other methods have hollow backs, which, in conjunction with the looser type of sewing, permits more throw-up in the spine, thus allowing the book to open more easily.15 Sewing on double raised cords actually approaches even oversewing in strength, and generally exceeds it in flexibility.
    keywords: binding; book; oversewing; sewing; tapes
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11914.pdf
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        item: #1087 of 5668
          id: crl-11915
      author: Genung, Harriett
       title: Can Machines Teach the Use of the Library
        date: 1967-01-01
       words: 2960
      flesch: 62
     summary: These problems can undoubtedly be solved by certain changes in the engi- neering design of the unit and certainly should be corrected for library use. Students who neither had library lecture nor Videosonic .
    keywords: library; use; videosonic
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        item: #1088 of 5668
          id: crl-11916
      author: Holland, Harold E.
       title: Academic Librarianship in Three Education Journals
        date: 1967-01-01
       words: 1682
      flesch: 61
     summary: Mishoff on library education ( 1948, 1952), an analysis of academic library statistics by Theodore Sam ore ( 1963), an article on library buildings by Ralph E. Ellsworth ( 1949), and one on the Midwest Inter- library Center by Ralph T. Esterquest ( 1950). Educators do not have time to read library journals; librarians have a responsibility to place articles where the educators will be reading.
    keywords: articles; education; library
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        item: #1089 of 5668
          id: crl-11917
      author: Stockton, Patricia Ann
       title: An IBM 357 Circulation Procedure
        date: 1967-01-01
       words: 3136
      flesch: 70
     summary: Student badge and book card accepted .as input. The charge card is interfiled mechanically in the regular circulation file; the return card and master book card are filed together in a separate file specifically for cards of this type.
    keywords: book; card; number
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        item: #1090 of 5668
          id: crl-11918
      author: Blankenship, W. C.
       title: Head Librarians: How Many Men? How Many Women?
        date: 1967-01-01
       words: 3665
      flesch: 70
     summary: From the analysis of the information reported by the head librarians the fol- lowing generalizations may be derived: There is very little difference in the percentages of men and women who serve as head librarians in colleges of the United States. There is a considerable difference in the percentages of men and women who serve as head librarians when the colleges are divided into groups according to the nature of financial support.
    keywords: head; librarians
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        item: #1091 of 5668
          id: crl-11919
      author: Barnes, Christopher
       title: Classification and Cataloging of Spoken Records in Academic Libraries
        date: 1967-01-01
       words: 2276
      flesch: 66
     summary: At least one person doing research has found that only a minority of librarians advocate the placement of catalog cards for phonodiscs in the main catalog with their book cards. The ideal seems to be inclusion of phonodisc cards in the main book catalog as well as in a separate file located in the area where the records will be played.
    keywords: cards; collection; number
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11919.pdf
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        item: #1092 of 5668
          id: crl-11920
      author: Kolder, Hansjoerg; Simpkins, Irwin F.
       title: Selective Dissemination of Information and the Academic Science Library
        date: 1967-01-01
       words: 2740
      flesch: 51
     summary: In order to compensate for the de- ficiencies of bibliographic journals, most academic teachers and scientists have to maintain a more or less elaborate per- sonal information storage and retrieval system. One major difficulty arises with the maintenance of a Selective Dis- semination of Information system, viz., finding and keeping capable indexers.
    keywords: index; information; journals; library; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11920.pdf
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        item: #1093 of 5668
          id: crl-11921
      author: Harlan, Robert D.
       title: Typefounding in America, 1787-1825 (Book Review)
        date: 1967-01-01
       words: 653
      flesch: 68
     summary: The final essays, Inventions and Patents and The Importation of Type, are closely related, for the developments outlined in the for- mer chapter were to have an influence upon the importation of type. As a means of partial re- dress American typefounders turned to tar- iffs, and a sympathetic government laid duties on imported type.
    keywords: type
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        item: #1094 of 5668
          id: crl-11922
      author: Holley, Edward G.
       title: Harper's University: the Beginnings; a History of the University of Chicago (Book Review)
        date: 1967-01-01
       words: 2134
      flesch: 65
     summary: Following a general history of library cooperation (in three parts: from the beginnings to 1931, from 1931 to 1945, and postwar developments), he describes the present British national network for in- terlending, with its two-tiered pattern of national central library /regional library bu- reaus· interlending, and direct lending through the national central library of uni- versity and special libraries. Mr. Jefferson himself remarks that since the War there has been probably more talk about library cooperation than about any- thing else in librarianship.
    keywords: book; harper; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11922.pdf
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        item: #1095 of 5668
          id: crl-11924
      author: Halevy, B.
       title: Manual of Procedures for Private Law Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1967-01-01
       words: 1056
      flesch: 63
     summary: Mr. Jefferson himself remarks that since the War there has been probably more talk about library cooperation than about any- thing else in librarianship. Following a general history of library cooperation (in three parts: from the beginnings to 1931, from 1931 to 1945, and postwar developments), he describes the present British national network for in- terlending, with its two-tiered pattern of national central library /regional library bu- reaus· interlending, and direct lending through the national central library of uni- versity and special libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11924.pdf
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        item: #1096 of 5668
          id: crl-11925
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1965-66
        date: 1967-01-01
       words: 5399
      flesch: 60
     summary: It re- mains a fairly selective, annotated bibli- ography of bibliographies (with some oth- er closely related types of reference works included) concentrating on publications of Europe and the United States. Although a new work, it bears a distinct family resemblance to the American Col- lege Dictionary, using the same type-face and type-size, and incorporating various features of the smaller work: keys to etymol- ogy and pronunciation at the foot of the pages; personal and place names, titles of literary works, foreign words and phrases all included in the main body of the work, etc.
    keywords: articles; index; library; literature; new; reference; research; volume; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11925.pdf
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        item: #1097 of 5668
          id: crl-11926
      author: Waters, Samuel T.; Costabile, Salvatore L.
       title: The Proof of the Pudding: Using Library of Congress Proof Slips
        date: 1967-03-01
       words: 3007
      flesch: 64
     summary: If the file is searched so that LC cards may be ordered by card number, there will be savings on card costs, since the first card in a set costs five cents less when ordered by number than when ordered by author and title.3 It would be uneconomical to use this file only to obtain card numbers, however, since the cost of file mainte- nance and searching would offset the lessened cost of the cards. Cut to card size and punched (in the form referred to hereafter as proof slips), the charge is $185.
    keywords: cards; library; proof; slips
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11926.pdf
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        item: #1098 of 5668
          id: crl-11927
      author: Simon, Julian L.
       title: How Many Books Should Be Stored Where? An Economic Analysis
        date: 1967-03-01
       words: 7402
      flesch: 70
     summary: Buildings and book- effect of book storage upon library pa- stacks are expensive, land for expansion trans is that they cannot browse in the on the central campus becomes scarce, stored collection, and they must wait at and the books that are relevant to any least a few hours for delivery of the study become harder .and As more space would be needed office space could be gradually converted to book space and the cost of the conver- sion (if planned in advance) would probably permit such a procedure.
    keywords: books; cost; housing; space; storage; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11927.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11927.txt

        item: #1099 of 5668
          id: crl-11928
      author: Haro, Robert P.
       title: Book Selection in Academic Libraries
        date: 1967-03-01
       words: 1436
      flesch: 39
     summary: The results of this survey demon- strate both agreement on the need for more book selection from within the li- 1 For the purposes of this article, college, research, and university libraries will be referred to collectively as academic libraries. However~ for one reason or another~ most academic libraries have in more recent years felt the need to supplement the endeavors of the faculty through the use within the library of bibliographers and subject specialists respon- sible for book selection.
    keywords: libraries; selection
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11928.pdf
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        item: #1100 of 5668
          id: crl-11931
      author: Miller, Russell E.
       title: College and University Archives: The Experience of One Institution
        date: 1967-03-01
       words: 3945
      flesch: 55
     summary: College and Research Libraries RUSSELL E. MILLER College and University Archives: the Experience of One Institution The organization and administration of the records of institutions of higher education is a field which is attracting increasing attention of college and university librarians, partly because of the parallel growth of interest by professional historians in the area of American educational history. Indicative of this trend was the choice of the topic University Archives I 113 114 1 College & Research Libraries • March, 1967 for the Eleventh Allerton Park Institute, sponsored by the faculty of the graduate school of library science of the Univer- sity of Illinois in the fall of 1964.1
    keywords: archival; archives; history; materials; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11931.pdf
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        item: #1101 of 5668
          id: crl-11932
      author: Berkner, Dimity S.
       title: Two Library Work-Study Programs in the Boston Area
        date: 1967-03-01
       words: 5223
      flesch: 56
     summary: A personal interview is required and in- terest in library work must be shown, but no previous library experience is necessary. Only 30 per cent of the BPL interns would have gone into library work without an internship , and (perhaps) without the impetus of active recruitment.
    keywords: bpl; cent; harvard; interns; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11932.pdf
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        item: #1102 of 5668
          id: crl-11934
      author: Jackson, Ivan F.
       title: An Approach to Library Automation Problems
        date: 1967-03-01
       words: 3072
      flesch: 63
     summary: Thus, as a general rule, an automated function should not have to be altered at a later date as other automated functions are introduced. The introduction of automation systems into libraries requires con- siderable planning.
    keywords: automated; information; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11934.pdf
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        item: #1103 of 5668
          id: crl-11935
      author: Wolf, Edwin
       title: A History of Libraries in the Western World (Book Review)
        date: 1967-03-01
       words: 705
      flesch: 75
     summary: As a textbook for library school courses in library history, Mr. Johnson's work will be most useful. Anyone who is asked to write a compendium of library history is faced with the same problem.
    keywords: library
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        item: #1104 of 5668
          id: crl-11937
      author: Williamson, W. L.
       title: The Power and the Dignity: Librarianship and Katharine Sharp (Book Review)
        date: 1967-03-01
       words: 2231
      flesch: 62
     summary: In 1893, she founded a library school that became the graduate school of library science of the University of Illinois. Miss Sharp sought unsuccessfully to require a bacca- laureate degree for entrance but was able to require three years of college work for ad- mission and to make the University of Illi- nois the first in the country to award a formal degree in library science based on four years of collegiate study.
    keywords: library; school; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11937.pdf
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        item: #1105 of 5668
          id: crl-11938
      author: Stokes, Katharine M.
       title: Libraries and the College Climate of Learning (Book Review)
        date: 1967-03-01
       words: 724
      flesch: 63
     summary: The conference, sponsored by the school of library science and the Program for Higher Education in the school of edu- cation, offered some eighty librarians, pro- fessors, and administrators an opportunity to consider the drift .. away from a primary concern with student learning, and .. to introduce new insights illuminating the re- lationship of the undergraduate student, the institutional or campus climate, and the library. In the next paper, an educational soci- ologist describes the evolution of American higher education and predicts its implica- tions for future librarians.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11938.pdf
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        item: #1106 of 5668
          id: crl-11940
      author: Stokes, Roy
       title: The library in Colleges of Commerce and Technology (Book Review)
        date: 1967-03-01
       words: 1501
      flesch: 62
     summary: In using the book for reference it must also be borne in mind that surveys of the American publishing industry draw heavily from remm1scences, memoirs, garrulities, and biased company histories-all of which are notoriously irresponsible historical accounts -and that such surveys themselves are therefore replete with factual inaccuracies. To begin with , the schools from which the students have come are not, over the length and breadth of the country, at all well provided with school libraries, and among them the qualified school librar- ian is virtually unknown.
    keywords: book; library; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11940.pdf
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        item: #1107 of 5668
          id: crl-11941
      author: McCorison, Marcus A.
       title: Report on Project History Retrieval, Tests and demonstrations of an Optic-coincidence System of Information Retrieval for Historic Records (Book Review)
        date: 1967-03-01
       words: 1450
      flesch: 63
     summary: College and Research Libraries from which the students have come are not, over the length and breadth of the country, at all well provided with school libraries, and among them the qualified school librar- ian is virtually unknown. This, at any rate, is a part of the act of faith which lay behind the postwar expan- sion of libraries in such institutions.
    keywords: libraries; library; survey
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11941.pdf
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        item: #1108 of 5668
          id: crl-11942
      author: Beatty, William K.
       title: Interlibrary Request and Loan Transactions Among Medical Libraries of the Greater New York Area (Book Review)
        date: 1967-03-01
       words: 708
      flesch: 66
     summary: The surveyors pragmatically decided to use all of New York state and the area from Groton , Connecticut, through northern New Jersey for loans and requests. New York: The Survey of Medical Library Resources of Greater New York, 1966.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11942.pdf
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        item: #1109 of 5668
          id: crl-11944
      author: Glasby, Dorothy Joens
       title: New Periodicals of 1966-Part II
        date: 1967-03-01
       words: 4870
      flesch: 73
     summary: River- run, for example, is a monthly of poetry and is published in New York. (Published by Hungarian Academy of Sciences) May be ob- tained from Stechert Hafner, Inc., 31 East lOth St., New York or Walter J. Johnson, 111 Fifth Ave. , New York.
    keywords: articles; issue; new; quarterly; research; review
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11944.pdf
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        item: #1110 of 5668
          id: crl-11947
      author: Boylan, Nancy G.
       title: Identifying Technical Reports Through U.S. Government Research Reports and Its Published Indexes
        date: 1967-04-30
       words: 4158
      flesch: 65
     summary: Key-Keywords Index to U.S. Government Technical Reports. 1963 v .38 X X Key X X do.
    keywords: index; reports; technical
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11947.pdf
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        item: #1111 of 5668
          id: crl-11948
      author: Quick, Richard C.; Scott, John E.; Heintz, Edward C.; Lamont, Barbara; Elser, George C.; Howard, Edward A.; Josey, E. J.
       title: Community Use of Academic Libraries; Community Use-Dealers Choice; Fees and Modified Privileges for Outside Borrowers?; Alumni, Overdue Books, and Interlibrary Loans; Safeguards; Exit Controls and the Statewide Card; The Work of the Public Library Supplementing the Resources of the College Library; Implications for College Libraries
        date: 1967-04-30
       words: 11253
      flesch: 60
     summary: Mr. Howard's paper, The Work of the Public Library in Supplementing the Resources of the College Library, serves as a catalyst, for it is a jolting reminder of the work of many public libraries in the country that has been of tremendous assistance to college libraries. Some said it is a good idea for public libraries, but not for academic libraries.
    keywords: academic; college; community; libraries; library; public; question; school; students; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11948.pdf
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        item: #1112 of 5668
          id: crl-11949
      author: Kepple, Robert R.
       title: Serving Readers in a Special International Library
        date: 1967-04-30
       words: 3792
      flesch: 72
     summary: Some expect very little in the way of library services, while others take it for granted that they will continue to receive the same type of service they ob- tained at home from their library in a large research center of a highly devel- oped country. It is after all not enough merely to offer good library services.
    keywords: agency; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11949.pdf
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        item: #1113 of 5668
          id: crl-11950
      author: Parr, Mary Y.
       title: Whatever Happened to the Class of 1962?
        date: 1967-04-30
       words: 4849
      flesch: 70
     summary: Obviously, Drexel students typically left slowly, a few at a time, after several courses, while Pratt stu- dents left abruptly after only one course. Obviously, their grades were somewhat higher than those of Drexel students, which tends to support the previous finding that Pratt was somewhat more selective in admis- sions than Drexel.
    keywords: cent; drexel; group; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11950.pdf
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        item: #1114 of 5668
          id: crl-11951
      author: Ronkin, R. R.
       title: A Self-Guided Library Tour for the Biosciences
        date: 1967-04-30
       words: 1171
      flesch: 50
     summary: During the first year of student use it ' was observed that the center of pur- poseful effort shifted somewhat from the staff toward the individual student, where it belongs. For years these exercises began with a tour of the university library so that students would know the location of available services.
    keywords: students; tour
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11951.pdf
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        item: #1115 of 5668
          id: crl-11952
      author: Forman, Sidney
       title: Library Practice for Colleges of Education (Book Review)
        date: 1967-04-30
       words: 1395
      flesch: 55
     summary: On November 22 and 23, 1965, a con- ference concerned with materials used for insb·uctional purposes, as indicated in the ' title above, was convened at the school of library service, Columbia University. Serious students of the college li- brary should add Library Practice for Col- leges of Education to their personal reading lists.-Sidney Forman, Teachers College, Columbia University.
    keywords: college; education; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11952.pdf
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        item: #1116 of 5668
          id: crl-11953
      author: Rogers, Frank B.
       title: Bibliotheca Medica: Physician for Tomorrow; Dedication of the Countway Library of Medicine, May 26 & 27, 1965 (Book Review)
        date: 1967-04-30
       words: 694
      flesch: 55
     summary: On November 22 and 23, 1965, a con- ference concerned with materials used for insb·uctional purposes, as indicated in the ' title above, was convened at the school of library service, Columbia University. These essays, and their embodiment in this book, fittingly exemplify the aspirations and auspicious rebirth of a great medical library.-Frank B. Rogers, M.D., University of Colorado.
    keywords: college; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11953.pdf
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        item: #1117 of 5668
          id: crl-11954
      author: Grady, Marion B.
       title: Conference on the use of Printed and Audio-Visual Materials for Instructional Purposes (Book Review)
        date: 1967-04-30
       words: 1349
      flesch: 47
     summary: On November 22 and 23, 1965, a con- ference concerned with materials used for insb·uctional purposes, as indicated in the ' title above, was convened at the school of library service, Columbia University. Here we have the addresses on medical history and library technology, along with the dedi- catory incantations, which graced the exer- cises inaugurating the fine new library struc- ture housing the combined collections of the Harvard medical library and the Boston medical library.
    keywords: college; library; materials
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11954.pdf
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        item: #1118 of 5668
          id: crl-11956
      author: LaBudde, Kenneth J.
       title: Resources of Missouri Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1967-04-30
       words: 1438
      flesch: 59
     summary: Automation also offers the promise of library service on a higher level to be provided by librarians, if we are prepared to meet the challenge. It, like the Schenk report and the Community Studies, Inc., survey of ~ .. public library service in metropolitan St. Louis and Kansas City released a year ago, has been sponsored by the Missouri State Library.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11956.pdf
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        item: #1119 of 5668
          id: crl-11957
      author: Spence, Paul H.
       title: Scientific Management of Library Operations (Book Review)
        date: 1967-04-30
       words: 953
      flesch: 60
     summary: Finally, librarians, especially Missourians, should remember that state lines in terms of library planning mean only one thing: political boundaries which constitute source or channel for funds. Methods of performing time studies, deter- mining unit costs, and establishing perform- ance standards are outlined.
    keywords: library; pollution
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11957.pdf
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        item: #1120 of 5668
          id: crl-11958
      author: Bergen, Dan
       title: The Communication System of the Social Sciences
        date: 1967-06-30
       words: 9684
      flesch: 39
     summary: 2 To be more specific, it seems possible to view the array of biblio- graphic devices developed to provide ac- cess to social science knowledge as a constituting subsystem of the larger com- munication system in social science. Indeed, not only the means by which a given element in the communication system of social science is to be formal- ized, or informalized but the'very selec- tion of the element itself, if it is to be done on more than intuitive or partially scientific grounds, must be founded on an adequate understanding of the struc- ture and function of the subsystem of which the element is not a part and of the structural-functional relationship of the element to the other elements in its own subsystem.
    keywords: bibliographic; communication; communication system; knowledge; research; sciences; social; social science; social system; subsystem; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11958.pdf
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        item: #1121 of 5668
          id: crl-11959
      author: Gennaro, Richard De
       title: A Strategy for the Conversion of Research Library Catalog to Machine Readable Form
        date: 1967-06-30
       words: 2870
      flesch: 56
     summary: The problem is to develop strate- gies and techniques to facilitate not only the conversion of the basic LC file, but also for comparing and adding the new titles and locations for the titles held by each succeeding library as it enters the system and for enabling a library to extract catalog entries for its own hold- ings from the record. The local card · shelflist entries would be searched in sequence by call- ing for the appropriate part of the alpha- bet on the console display unit.
    keywords: class; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11959.pdf
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        item: #1122 of 5668
          id: crl-11960
      author: Dougherty, Richard M.
       title: The Realities of Reclassification
        date: 1967-06-30
       words: 2753
      flesch: 51
     summary: Reclassification cost predictions that do not .allow for some recataloging should be viewed with skepticism. A NUMBER OF ACADEMIC libraries have initiated reclassification projects in re- cent years.
    keywords: collections; reclassification
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11960.pdf
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        item: #1123 of 5668
          id: crl-11963
      author: McGrath, William E.
       title: Determining and Allocating Book Funds for Current Domestic Buying
        date: 1967-06-30
       words: 1845
      flesch: 63
     summary: If for this purpose li- braries can accept the arbitrary limits provided by BPR-for example, that books must be of forty-nine pages or more- and can assume that United States pub- lishing accurately reflects current aca- demic interest, then BPR is a highly use- ful tool for determining the annual funds needed for current domestic books, and for determining appropriate distribution of these funds to academic departments. stantial spans of DC numbers were cre- ated by these groups.
    keywords: books; engineering
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11963.pdf
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        item: #1124 of 5668
          id: crl-11964
      author: Gipson, John S.
       title: Total Cost of Acquisitions in a Community College
        date: 1967-06-30
       words: 1951
      flesch: 57
     summary: College and Research Libraries JOHN S. GIPSON 'Total Cost' of Acquisitions in a Community College Total cost has apparently been seldom determined for library operations; yet it would seem to be necessary for deciding whether or not a change is in order. Total costs are herein determined of acquiring a book for use ($4.85) at Macomb County Community College library.
    keywords: cost; total
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11964.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11964.txt

        item: #1125 of 5668
          id: crl-11965
      author: Veryha, Wasyl
       title: Problems in Classification of Slavic Books with Library of Congress Classification Schedules
        date: 1967-06-30
       words: 4319
      flesch: 58
     summary: Even the history of Carpatho- ~ Ukraine (formerly Ruthenia) which, after the Second World War was trans- ferred from the Czechoslovak Republic to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Repub- lic as Zakarpatskaya oblast, is also classed in Russian local history DK511, although it belonged for centuries to This discrepancy of classing of local ' history and description of Poland, White Russia, Ukraine, and Baltic states, as well as of the Caucasian nations, to- gether with Russian local history is even more pronounced when we take into consideration that each of the Central Asiatic Soviet Republics as well as Si- ~ beria, which is a part of the RSFSR, have a provision for their local histories within their own schedules separate from those for Russia.
    keywords: history; russia; soviet
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11965.pdf
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        item: #1126 of 5668
          id: crl-11966
      author: Adams, Thomas R.
       title: A Bibliography of Illinois Imprints (Book Review)
        date: 1967-06-30
       words: 695
      flesch: 70
     summary: This is a successful and important addi- tion to the growing list of bibliographies of early state imprints which are essential to an understanding of the role played by the printing press. Using the conventional chronological arrangement, the author has endeavored to include all products of native Illinois presses, excepting certain state documents printed principally for the use of legislators, blank forms, and similar ephemera.
    keywords: imprints
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11966.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11966.txt

        item: #1127 of 5668
          id: crl-11967
      author: McNeal, Archie
       title: Library Statistics: A Handbook of Concepts, Definitions, and Terminology (Book Review)
        date: 1967-06-30
       words: 1412
      flesch: 64
     summary: This is a successful and important addi- tion to the growing list of bibliographies of early state imprints which are essential to an understanding of the role played by the printing press. The chapter on Statistics of College and University Libraries was prepared by Mari- etta Chicorel, whose interest in this field is further represented by an article in CRL for January, 1966 (Marietta Chicorel, Sta- tistics and Standards for College and Uni- versity Libraries, C RL, XXVII
    keywords: computer; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11967.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11967.txt

        item: #1128 of 5668
          id: crl-11968
      author: Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: Computer Filing of Index, Bibliographic, and Catalog Entries (Book Review)
        date: 1967-06-30
       words: 1455
      flesch: 57
     summary: With relatively few exceptions-per- haps one half of one per cent of entries-a computer can arrange bibliographic entries according to present library filing systems without human intervention. The chapter on Statistics of College and University Libraries was prepared by Mari- etta Chicorel, whose interest in this field is further represented by an article in CRL for January, 1966 (Marietta Chicorel, Sta- tistics and Standards for College and Uni- versity Libraries, C RL, XXVII
    keywords: filing; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11968.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11968.txt

        item: #1129 of 5668
          id: crl-11969
      author: Titley, Joan
       title: A Plan for Indexing the Periodical Literature of Nursing (Book Review)
        date: 1967-06-30
       words: 1454
      flesch: 56
     summary: With relatively few exceptions-per- haps one half of one per cent of entries-a computer can arrange bibliographic entries according to present library filing systems without human intervention. Conventionally, each chap- ter is accompanied by a good bibliography; the extensive one on nursing libraries in Chapter 9 of over three hundred items cov- ering the years 1903-1963 is especially im- pressive.
    keywords: code; filing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11969.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11969.txt

        item: #1130 of 5668
          id: crl-11970
      author: Kaser, David
       title: Librarianship in the Developing Countries (Book Review)
        date: 1967-06-30
       words: 720
      flesch: 56
     summary: The basic question to which Dr. Asheim's deliberations lead him, how- ever, is what exactly do we in America have to offer the developing nations that will help them to generate the kinds of libraries, librarians, and library services best suited to their needs and their aspirations? Here are ninety-five pages of sage coun- sel, born of great experience, for the Amer- ican librarian who is called upon to advise the library industries in developing nations.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11970.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11970.txt

        item: #1131 of 5668
          id: crl-11972
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1966-67
        date: 1967-06-30
       words: 5489
      flesch: 58
     summary: Entries are numbered consecu- tively and are given by author or other main entry within sections; author and name indexes conclude the work. Consequently, scientific in the title is somewhaL misleading, for many lists of much wider coverage are given.
    keywords: articles; books; entries; guide; index; list; new; reference; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11972.pdf
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        item: #1132 of 5668
          id: crl-11973
      author: Glazier, Kenneth M.
       title: United States Influence on Canadian Universities and Their Libraries
        date: 1967-08-31
       words: 3488
      flesch: 52
     summary: A significant development in the li- braries of Canadian universities took place as a result of a survey financed by an American institution, the Council on Library Resources, Inc., and spon- sored by the National Conference of Canadian Universities and Colleges. Some Canadian universities had previously borrowed experts from the United States to survey particular col- lections, such as the University of To- ronto bringing an authority from Co- lumbia University to evaluate its Slavic collection, but this was the first time there had been a candid look at the library resources for graduate education United States Influence on Canadian Universities I 315 in Canadian universities.
    keywords: american; canada; canadian; universities; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11973.pdf
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        item: #1133 of 5668
          id: crl-11974
      author: Buist, Eleanor
       title: Bibliographic and Research Aids in Soviet Studies: A Summary Report of the Greyston Conference
        date: 1967-08-31
       words: 5303
      flesch: 47
     summary: Mr. Gredler and Mr. Leinbach noted the marked improvement in the over-all picture that has taken place in the period of less than a decade since the Ruggles- Mostecky report, and the increasing co- operation of Soviet libraries. The better state of preservation of books in Soviet libraries as compared with their condition in U.S. libraries may be related to factors of climate and temperature.
    keywords: center; libraries; library; new; publications; research; soviet
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11974.pdf
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        item: #1134 of 5668
          id: crl-11975
      author: Russell, John R.
       title: First Seminar of Indian University Librarians
        date: 1967-08-31
       words: 2679
      flesch: 52
     summary: College and Research Libraries JOHN R. RUSSELL First Seminar of Indian University Librarians The first Seminar of University Librarians held at ]aipur, India, No- vember 16-19, discussed government support of university libraries, status and salary scales for librarians, interlibrary loans, union catalogs, and library cooperation. Interlibrary cooperation between university libraries and special academic libraries in acquisitions and services.
    keywords: indian; libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11975.pdf
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        item: #1135 of 5668
          id: crl-11976
      author: Tanis, Norman E.; Powers, Milton
       title: Profiles of Practice in the Public Junior College Library
        date: 1967-08-31
       words: 2445
      flesch: 73
     summary: Total library expenditures (ex- cluding capital outlay) Salaries Wages Books and other library materi- als Binding Other expenditures Hours per week library was open 22,500 2,427 250 287 2,668 3.0 3.0 $55,200 $34,819 $ 3,262 $14,453 . $ 813 $ 1,941 64 Total square feet assigned to library Stack areas . What is more, it is possible to portray this sup- portive data graphically so that a given library can see how it compares with certain benchmarks or how it compares with other libraries serving similar in- stitutions.
    keywords: college; library; number
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11976.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11976.txt

        item: #1136 of 5668
          id: crl-11979
      author: Herrick, Mary Darrah
       title: Bibliographical Problems from New Countries in Africa
        date: 1967-08-31
       words: 1971
      flesch: 48
     summary: The French territories have undergone numerous variations and amalgamations, and while some of the established names such as Chad, Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Niger, and Gabon are still used, the Middle Congo, French Equatorial, French Soudan, French Guinea, French West Africa, an Uban- gui-Chari have either disappeared or are now represented by new names. These I 341 348 I College & Research Libraries • September, 1967 changes are also occurring at the local level, and new city names are appearing in many areas.
    keywords: african; names; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11979.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11979.txt

        item: #1137 of 5668
          id: crl-11980
      author: Wasserman, Paul
       title: The Computer and the Library (Book Review)
        date: 1967-08-31
       words: 678
      flesch: 63
     summary: Finally, the general dimensions of the library problem and the prospects for new developments in computer technology and their implications for librarianship are explored. The literature of particular practices in individual institutions goes on and on, seemingly in an endless stream, but the number of books, pamphlets, or other docu- ments which generalize or genuinely assess or analyze the uses of the technology for library applications is very thin indeed.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11980.pdf
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        item: #1138 of 5668
          id: crl-11981
      author: Genung, Harriett
       title: The Community Junior College; an annotated bibliography (Book Review)
        date: 1967-08-31
       words: 1381
      flesch: 59
     summary: More commonly referred to as the Brasenose Conference, it brought together some sixty-five British and Amer- ican librarians and others concerned with the application of computers to libraries and library work. The literature of particular practices in individual institutions goes on and on, seemingly in an endless stream, but the number of books, pamphlets, or other docu- ments which generalize or genuinely assess or analyze the uses of the technology for library applications is very thin indeed.
    keywords: college; community
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11981.pdf
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        item: #1139 of 5668
          id: crl-11982
      author: Stewart, Bruce W.
       title: The Brasenose Conference on the Automation of Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1967-08-31
       words: 1466
      flesch: 56
     summary: More commonly referred to as the Brasenose Conference, it brought together some sixty-five British and Amer- ican librarians and others concerned with the application of computers to libraries and library work. Foster Palmer of Harvard University li- brary discusses conversion of existing rec- ords in large libraries, with detailed refer- ences to the experience of converting parts of the Widener library shelf list.
    keywords: college; community; junior
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11982.pdf
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        item: #1140 of 5668
          id: crl-11983
      author: Horn, Andrew H.
       title: Louis Round Wilson: Librarian and Administrator (Book Review)
        date: 1967-08-31
       words: 781
      flesch: 60
     summary: College and Research Libraries 354 I College & Research Libraries • September, 1967 Louis Round Wilson: Librarian and Ad- ministrator. Louis Round Wilson: Librarian and Ad- ministrator is number fourteen of the 'Co- lumbia University Studies in Library Serv- ice.
    keywords: wilson
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11983.pdf
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        item: #1141 of 5668
          id: crl-11985
      author: Harmon, Glynn
       title: Research Problem Sensitivity: A Professional Recruitment Criterion
        date: 1967-11-01
       words: 3416
      flesch: 58
     summary: Possibly problems possess aesthetic value for problem find- ers, or else they would not be tempted to focus on problems-the things many people consider to be cognitively ugly. 2 Mackworth, writing on originality, points out the need for professionals who can find problems or raise questions.
    keywords: high; low; problem; research; scores
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11985.pdf
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        item: #1142 of 5668
          id: crl-11986
      author: Delzell, Robert F.
       title: The Administrative Assistant-Pragmatic Job Description
        date: 1967-11-01
       words: 2920
      flesch: 66
     summary: The Administrative Assistant- Pragmatic Job Description The library administrative assistant is an officer of an increasing num- ber of university libraries, but there have been few efforts in the past to describe the kinds of duties which he is frequently called upon to do. Convince the purchasing depart- ment that this product is inferior and in- adequate for library use.
    keywords: administrative; library; purchasing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11986.pdf
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        item: #1143 of 5668
          id: crl-11988
      author: Marcus, Russell
       title: Laos and Library Development
        date: 1967-11-01
       words: 2555
      flesch: 70
     summary: At first it may seem strange that only 2.2. per cent of the books in Lao libraries are in the national language, but the Lao has never had a distinguished liter- ary history, there being 134 Lao books in print. Lao libraries circulate few books.
    keywords: books; laos; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11988.pdf
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        item: #1144 of 5668
          id: crl-11989
      author: Graziano, Eugene E.
       title: Machine-Men and Librarians, An Essay
        date: 1967-11-01
       words: 2189
      flesch: 46
     summary: On the other hand, it has become clear that librarians have conceptualized library functions in rea- sonable and even logical formulations. Library functions are .
    keywords: libraries; library; systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11989.pdf
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        item: #1145 of 5668
          id: crl-11990
      author: Oboler, Eli M.
       title: Academic Library Statistics Revisited
        date: 1967-11-01
       words: 2001
      flesch: 60
     summary: The 1965-66 records show use of «esti- mated as a footnote (on the matter of volume count) twenty-three times; yet thirty-five other academic institutions show «000 at the end of their volume figures, without stating that their figures are estimated. Mr. Oboler is University Librarian of Idaho State University, Pocatello. phasized the rather odd figures given for volumes and for volumes added, especially in relation to expenditures in- dicated for books and other library ma- terials.
    keywords: library; volumes
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11990.pdf
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        item: #1146 of 5668
          id: crl-11992
      author: Behling, Orlando; Cudd, Kermit
       title: A Library Looks at Itself
        date: 1967-11-01
       words: 3954
      flesch: 57
     summary: First, it provided a basis for classifying opinion responses so that certain ideas about which groups would show the most favorable reactions to library services could be tested. CUDD A Library Looks at Itself In attempting to evaluate its service The Ohio State University li- braries in M01J 1966 designed a questionnaire to determine: (1) the characteristics of library users; (2) the ways in which users avail them- selves of the facilities; (3) the users opinions of the library and its services.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11992.pdf
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        item: #1147 of 5668
          id: crl-11995
      author: Toney, Bernard J.
       title: Indian University Libraries
        date: 1967-11-01
       words: 2731
      flesch: 59
     summary: 4 Not only was no impetus given to the growth of library collections during much of the British period, but the system it- self discouraged the development of worthy collections. It is easy to conclude that more money for library collections and facilities would furnish the entire solution to existing problems.
    keywords: india; libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11995.pdf
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        item: #1148 of 5668
          id: crl-11996
      author: Mixter, Keith E.
       title: A Visit to Some Music Libraries in Eastern Europe
        date: 1967-11-01
       words: 1917
      flesch: 60
     summary: The author relates a kind of travelog of his visits to music libraries in Yugoslavia, Rumania, and Hungary. Following a frustrating wait for a hotel room in the central govern- ment tourist office, I deposited my lug- gage and embarked upon a quest for music libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library; music; national
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11996.pdf
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        item: #1149 of 5668
          id: crl-11997
      author: Brown, Helen M.
       title: The Monteith College Library Experiment (Book Review)
        date: 1967-11-01
       words: 637
      flesch: 50
     summary: The understanding acquired through these ef- forts in planning library assignments, re- inforced by the result of the small sample study, led to assignments in the following year which represented a new approach. The project called for participation of the project staff in the planning of college courses and cooperation with the faculty in devising assignments which would involve extensive and meaningful student use of library resources.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11997.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11997.txt

        item: #1150 of 5668
          id: crl-11998
      author: Jolly, David
       title: Handbook of American Resources for African Studies (Book Review)
        date: 1967-11-01
       words: 1353
      flesch: 51
     summary: The understanding acquired through these ef- forts in planning library assignments, re- inforced by the result of the small sample study, led to assignments in the following year which represented a new approach. Gathered largely by responses to questionnaires, the Handbook describes the African resources of 95 library and manuscript collections, 180 church and missionary libraries and archives, 95 art and ethnographic collections, and 4 business archives.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11998.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11998.txt

        item: #1151 of 5668
          id: crl-11999
      author: Humphry, John A.
       title: Metropolitan Public Library Planning Throughout the World (Book Review)
        date: 1967-11-01
       words: 1456
      flesch: 53
     summary: If there is any critical comment on the presentation, it may have to do with the fact that not enough emphasis has been placed on the role of the states (govern- mental units between national and local levels) and national governments with re- spect to metropolitan library planning. Because one of the major problems facing the profession in general and public library administrators in particular at this period in library history relates to metro- politan and suburban problems, it is es- pecially helpful to have this information so well organized and presented.
    keywords: libraries; library; metropolitan
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-11999.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-11999.txt

        item: #1152 of 5668
          id: crl-12000
      author: Edelstein, J. M.
       title: Printing, Selling, and Reading 1450-1550 (Book Review)
        date: 1967-11-01
       words: 1037
      flesch: 55
     summary: If there is any critical comment on the presentation, it may have to do with the fact that not enough emphasis has been placed on the role of the states (govern- mental units between national and local levels) and national governments with re- spect to metropolitan library planning. Federal and national governments must contribute further toward the staggering costs of municipal services, including libraries.
    keywords: book; printing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12000.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12000.txt

        item: #1153 of 5668
          id: crl-12001
      author: Bundy, Mary Lee; Wasserman, Paul
       title: Professionalism Reconsidered
        date: 1968-01-01
       words: 13480
      flesch: 43
     summary: tential for professional service, the toler- ance for individual needs will be most sharply curtailed, the client service mini- mized, and the professional values most seriously threatened. The reluctance to be assertive may be as much a function of insecurity born out of fears engendered by the limits of the modern librarian's mind to cope with the complexities of an ever broadening spectrum of knowledge, or awe of the growing sophistication of middle class readers among whom high- er educational preparation is now widely characteristic, or because of the con- fusion which attends a set of objectives for library service which tolerates light diversion with intellectual development as equally viable missions: It is the cli- ent then who always determines his wants, and it is only the most iconoclas- tic librarian who suggests alternatives either by making precise recommenda- tions or by skewing client choices through close control of the content of collections to reflect excellence.
    keywords: client; clientele; education; field; information; librarians; librarianship; library; practice; professional; professional practice; requirements; role; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12001.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12001.txt

        item: #1154 of 5668
          id: crl-12002
      author: McLean, Edward B.
       title: Shared Mobile Library Collections
        date: 1968-01-01
       words: 1301
      flesch: 65
     summary: Standard mobile units, such as those currently in use in many public library systems, are as large as 10' x 35'; the cost of these units, including shelving, lighting, air-conditioning, and heating, is approximately $7,500 to $8,000. Colleges have responded to this criti- cal situation by developing various methods for the cooperative acquisition and use of library materials.
    keywords: mobile
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12002.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12002.txt

        item: #1155 of 5668
          id: crl-12003
      author: Ritter, R. Vernon
       title: An Investigation of Classroom-Library Relations on a College Campus as Seen in Recorded Circulation and GPA's
        date: 1968-01-01
       words: 6500
      flesch: 83
     summary: The comparison of these two groups suggests a rather strong tendency for other library use to follow the pattern of local college library use. N O N R I T T E R An Investigation of Classroom-Library Relationships on a College Campus as Seen in Recorded Circulation and GPA's The study is an analysis of the library habits of the students of a small liberal arts college with emphasis on library-classroom relationships as revealed through comparison of library use and grade point aver- ages.
    keywords: average; college; library; students; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12003.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12003.txt

        item: #1156 of 5668
          id: crl-12004
      author: Mathies, Lorraine
       title: The ERIC Clearinghosue for Junior College Information-An Innovation in Education
        date: 1968-01-01
       words: 2683
      flesch: 51
     summary: By concentrating first upon the acquisition and dissemination of locally-produced reports of institutional research in junior colleges, this clearinghouse seeks to fulfill its function as an agency designed to classify and distribute information to a specialized field. As do institutions of other kinds, junior colleges have their deficiencies and problems.
    keywords: education; information; junior; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12004.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12004.txt

        item: #1157 of 5668
          id: crl-12005
      author: Perreault, Jean M.
       title: Comparative Classification for Administrators: A Short Sermon
        date: 1968-01-01
       words: 2601
      flesch: 59
     summary: In- deed, for administrators to have so long allowed themselves to be so little aware of the developing theory of library serv- ice as search strategy, even in such di- verse thinkers as Metcalfe and Rangana- than, bespeaks a need for a new invigo- ration of the profession—probably pos- sible only through the library schools. It seems better then to recommend a shift to a wholly new mode of search strategy, than to be dominated by juxtaposition: in a word, the classified catalog.
    keywords: classification; library; search
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12005.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12005.txt

        item: #1158 of 5668
          id: crl-12006
      author: Munn, Robert F.
       title: The Bottomless Pit, or the Academic Library as Viewed from the Administration Building
        date: 1968-01-01
       words: 1838
      flesch: 63
     summary: Directors of academic libraries are especially prone to worry about the Ad- ministration, and understandably so. M U N N The Bottomless Pit, or the Academic Library as Viewed from the Administration Building Library administrators could adjudge their likely fortunes in the aca- demic tug-of-war for funds if they understood more clearly the atti- tudes of institutional administrators toward libraries.
    keywords: academic; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12006.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12006.txt

        item: #1159 of 5668
          id: crl-12007
      author: Spyers-Duran, Peter
       title: Faculty Studies: A Survey of Their Use in Selected Libraries
        date: 1968-01-01
       words: 3836
      flesch: 75
     summary: The management of faculty studies through a properly administered policy statement can help to control space shortages and reduce irregularities common to most libraries provid- ing faculty studies. Faculty studies absorb con- siderable library space and are the cause of housekeeping difficulties in all libraries.
    keywords: faculty; libraries; studies; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12007.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12007.txt

        item: #1160 of 5668
          id: crl-12008
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: Administrative Organization of Australian University Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1968-01-01
       words: 643
      flesch: 57
     summary: The editor is modest about the likely helpfulness of the report, and suggests that it may prove possible to revise this booklet from time to time. Mr. Fielding, li- brarian at the University of Queensland, has done a meticulous job in identifying various aspects of the organizations and operations of university libraries of the country, including such matters as library committees, personnel, selection and acqui- sition activities, cataloging and classifica- tion, housing and loan of materials, de- partmental libraries, size of collections, and other aspects of the individual institutions.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12008.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12008.txt

        item: #1161 of 5668
          id: crl-12011
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1966-67
        date: 1968-01-01
       words: 5142
      flesch: 62
     summary: Vol- umes 1-2 will cover political, economic, and cultural history; volume 3, topographi- cal and regional history; and volumes 4-5, biographical works. Here, then, is a guide to a wide range of current annuals and irregular continuations, whether yearbooks, transactions, proceed- ings, reports, or the many advances and progress in volumes.
    keywords: author; bibliography; guide; index; list; new; reference; volume; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12011.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12011.txt

        item: #1162 of 5668
          id: crl-12012
      author: Jesse, William H.; Mitchell, Ann E.
       title: Professional Staff Opportunities for Study and Research
        date: 1968-03-01
       words: 8577
      flesch: 52
     summary: In answering this part of the questionnaire, respond- ents were asked to exclude persons em- ployed specifically as research librarians and to disregard library-assigned re- search. One college librarian replied, This has not presented itself as a 'problem' at our in- stitution since our librarians come 94 / College 6- Research Libraries • March 1968 equipped with degrees and do not ex- pect the institution to subsidize further education or research study.
    keywords: college; librarians; library; research; study; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12012.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12012.txt

        item: #1163 of 5668
          id: crl-12014
      author: Merry, Susan A.
       title: The Ontario New Universities Library Project-A Centralized Processing Experiment Completed
        date: 1968-03-01
       words: 2119
      flesch: 71
     summary: ONULP provided catalog card sets (six cards per set) to three of the par- ticipating libraries, in addition to the computer printed book catalogs and shelflist cards. Card reproducing equip- ment was not located in the department, however, hence catalog card sets were not shipped in their books; the libraries involved complained of shelving delays.
    keywords: cataloging; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12014.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12014.txt

        item: #1164 of 5668
          id: crl-12015
      author: Wasson, Woodrow W.
       title: Organizing and Administering a University Archives
        date: 1968-03-01
       words: 4416
      flesch: 52
     summary: From these data the following general- izations and conclusions can be made re- garding university archives: ( 1 ) there is currently considerable activity and inter- est in university archives administration, and since 1949 there has been a sig- nificant acceleration in programing, with the 1960's showing the greatest gain; ( 2 ) present personnel is by and large un- trained in archival science, with few institutions having archivists who give their entire time to the university ar- chives; ( 3 ) there is widespread con- fusion as to the scope of a modern insti- tutional archives; ( 4 ) there are startling misconceptions about the nature and meaning of archives; ( 5 ) there is need for a standardized and uniform state- ment of procedure (preferably evolved from the Committee on College and Another source of information on university archives is College and Uni- versity Archives in the United States and Canada, a directory of archival agencies and personnel.3 Compiled in 1965-66 and published in the latter year by the Committee on College and
    keywords: archival; archives; records; university; university archives
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12015.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12015.txt

        item: #1165 of 5668
          id: crl-12020
      author: Fletcher, Charlotte
       title: The Library-College: Contributions for American Higher Education at the Jamestown College Workshop, 1965 (Book Review)
        date: 1968-03-01
       words: 660
      flesch: 61
     summary: A Genealogy of the Library-Col- lege Idea and a chronologically arranged Library College Bibliography compiled by Robert Jordan round out a collection which should be of vital interest to any librarian who is concerned as an educator. The Library-College: Contributions for American Higher Education at the Jamestown College Workshop, 1965.
    keywords: college
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12020.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12020.txt

        item: #1166 of 5668
          id: crl-12021
      author: McCarthy, Stephen A.
       title: A Critical Survey of University Libraries and Librarianship in Great Britain (Book Review)
        date: 1968-03-01
       words: 1359
      flesch: 59
     summary: In a series of chapters he undertakes to present a generalized account of university libraries in terms of finance, book stock, buildings, staff, library routine, services, and decentraliza- tion. According to her, library use is one of the liberal arts and the library is the college.
    keywords: college; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12021.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12021.txt

        item: #1167 of 5668
          id: crl-12022
      author: Wynne, Marjorie G.
       title: Cleaning and Preserving Bindings and Related Materials (Book Review)
        date: 1968-03-01
       words: 1438
      flesch: 61
     summary: The section on sorting explains, among many other things, how to recognize acid migration, how case bindings are made and thus what to do with books that are loose in their cases, how to distinguish between real and artificial leather in sorting books for oiling. Its permanance, its pleasing ap- pearance are singularly appropriate for a manual that will be in constant use by everybody concerned with preserving books.
    keywords: libraries; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12022.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12022.txt

        item: #1168 of 5668
          id: crl-12023
      author: McGowan, John P.
       title: EDUNET: A Report of the Summery Study on Information Networks Conducted by the Interuniversity Communications Council (Book Review)
        date: 1968-03-01
       words: 1484
      flesch: 61
     summary: A Report of the Summer Study on Information Networks Conducted by the Interuniversity Communications Council (EDUCOM). Mr. Licklider feels that the system should consist essentially of a network of networks and that one of the valuable things that EDUCOM can do is to maintain a central registry or directory of networks and related resources.
    keywords: book; network
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12023.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12023.txt

        item: #1169 of 5668
          id: crl-12024
      author: Downs, R. B.
       title: Library Surveys (Book Review)
        date: 1968-03-01
       words: 2190
      flesch: 56
     summary: The present collection of papers by lead- ing lights in the somewhat esoteric world of library surveys is based upon a Con- ference on Library Surveys, held at Colum- bia University in June 1965. An old hand with another kind of survey, Leon Carnovsky, looks at studies on the use of library resources and facilities from the points of view of circulation trends by type of agency, by classes of material, and by reader.
    keywords: library; panizzi; surveys; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12024.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12024.txt

        item: #1170 of 5668
          id: crl-12027
      author: Taylor, Robert S.
       title: Question-Negotiation and Information Seeking in Libraries
        date: 1968-04-30
       words: 14195
      flesch: 83
     summary: q u i r y c o m - p r i s e t h e c o n t e n t a n d T h e r e is also the who knows what file, not on cards but in the li- brarian's memory.
    keywords: e r; h e; n t; o n; r o; r t; t e; t h; t o
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12027.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12027.txt

        item: #1171 of 5668
          id: crl-12029
      author: Sitzman, Glenn L.
       title: Uganda's University Library
        date: 1968-04-30
       words: 6971
      flesch: 57
     summary: In the absence of an effective public library service or national library, Makerere library finds itself obligated to assume responsibili- ties in those directions as well, though the needs of schools are left to the In- Uganda's University Library / 203 stitute of Education library. Makerere library continually gets in- quiries about work opportunities and un- solicited applications.
    keywords: college; h e; librarian; library; t h; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12029.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12029.txt

        item: #1172 of 5668
          id: crl-12033
      author: Gulick, Melba C.
       title: Nonconventional Data Sources and Reference Tools for Social Science and Humanities
        date: 1968-04-30
       words: 11056
      flesch: 83
     summary: e r e E D U C P e t e r B .
    keywords: c o; e n; e r; n d; o n; r o; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12033.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12033.txt

        item: #1173 of 5668
          id: crl-12034
      author: Tauber, Maurice F.
       title: Library Surveys (Book Review)
        date: 1968-04-30
       words: 1452
      flesch: 61
     summary: The last book on the general subject of library surveys appeared as an integrated topic in 1940. Chapters IV and V of the volume deal with processing and analysis of survey data, and interpretation and presentation, re- spectively.
    keywords: library; surveys
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12034.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12034.txt

        item: #1174 of 5668
          id: crl-12036
      author: Liebert, Herman W.
       title: A Garland for Jake Zeitlin on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday and the Anniversary of His 40th Year in the Book Trade (Book Review)
        date: 1968-04-30
       words: 709
      flesch: 71
     summary: (That Jake has always loved books is nowhere better shown than in the large-paper edition of Norman Douglas's Capri ( 1 9 3 0 ) , where his name appears among such other subscribers as Arnold Bennett, D. H. Lawrence, Booth Tarkington, and H. G. Wells.) The breadth of Jake's influence is indicated by tributes from such eminences as Elmer Belt and Bern Dibner among the collectors, Lawrence Clark Powell and Robert Vosper among the librarians, and Winifred A. Myers and Warren R. Howell among the professional colleagues.
    keywords: jake; zeitlin
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12036.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12036.txt

        item: #1175 of 5668
          id: crl-12037
      author: Cheney, Frances Neel
       title: Mark Hopkins' Log and Other Essays (Book Review)
        date: 1968-04-30
       words: 1438
      flesch: 68
     summary: In the former he predicted that in the very next few years the reference librarian will emerge as the most strategic profes- sional in our entire family of world occu- pations. Jacob Israel Zeitlin's infectious love of books, his detailed knowledge of them, and his keen nose for them have inspired and helped hundreds of librarians, collectors, and others.
    keywords: jake; library; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12037.pdf
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        item: #1176 of 5668
          id: crl-12038
      author: Hayes, Robert M.
       title: Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (Book Review)
        date: 1968-04-30
       words: 1423
      flesch: 64
     summary: The design and evalua- tion of information systems to serve the needs of users is apparently still an art and does not have a large kit of tools to draw on. In the former he predicted that in the very next few years the reference librarian will emerge as the most strategic profes- sional in our entire family of world occu- pations.
    keywords: information; library; techniques
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12038.pdf
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        item: #1177 of 5668
          id: crl-12039
      author: Kaser, David
       title: The American Printer, 1787-1825 (Book Review)
        date: 1968-04-30
       words: 682
      flesch: 58
     summary: It is one of the few attempts thus far made to generalize a comprehensive printing history out of documented scholarly studies and sources, instead of from the reminis- cences and memoirs of old printers which, although interesting, are often inaccurate of fact and sometimes misleading of spirit. Recent years have seen a healthy increase in the quantity and quality of specific studies within the historical American printing industry—ac- counts of particular printers, or of printing in particular communities or in particular circumstances.
    keywords: printing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12039.pdf
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        item: #1178 of 5668
          id: crl-12040
      author: Littleton, I. T.
       title: The Research Triangle of North Carolina (Book Review)
        date: 1968-04-30
       words: 1189
      flesch: 56
     summary: A limited number of copies of Dr. Wilson's booklet are still available and may be obtained by writing to: Research Triangle Institute, Attention: George R. Herbert, Director, Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, Both of these men, and Dr. Odum particularly, had the dream of a regional research center years before it was established, and Dr. Wilson points out that Guest dramatized the idea by coining the name Research Triangle.
    keywords: research; triangle
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12040.pdf
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        item: #1179 of 5668
          id: crl-12044
      author: Braden, Irene A.
       title: The Separately Housed Undergraduate Library
        date: 1968-06-30
       words: 2265
      flesch: 65
     summary: It was hoped that the undergraduate library could bring together in one place all aspects of library service relating to the undergraduate curriculum, thereby encouraging the student to learn. The problems of the undergraduate in using university collections were greatly com- pounded by the striking growth in the size of collections and an increasing emphasis on the acquisition of materials suitable for research.
    keywords: undergraduate
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12044.pdf
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        item: #1180 of 5668
          id: crl-12046
      author: Gaines, James E.
       title: Reclassification in the Libraries of the Great Lakes Colleges Association
        date: 1968-06-30
       words: 2689
      flesch: 59
     summary: Most of the advice that the nine li- braries would give to other libraries con- sidering the change to LC and/or re- classification has to do with reclassifica- tion. Another (Albion) was au- thorized to hire a cataloger experienced in the use of LC Classification to head its project.
    keywords: libraries; reclassification
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12046.pdf
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        item: #1181 of 5668
          id: crl-12048
      author: Smith, Eldred
       title: Out-of-Print Booksearching
        date: 1968-06-30
       words: 5020
      flesch: 77
     summary: Consequent- ly, the division depends primarily on search dealers to secure its out-of-print needs.7 fi One of the complaints most frequently voiced by search dealers about libraries is that they broadcast their wants.
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12048.pdf
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        item: #1182 of 5668
          id: crl-12052
      author: Hayes, Robert M.
       title: Developing a Computer-Based Information System (Book Review)
        date: 1968-06-30
       words: 1417
      flesch: 60
     summary: Such is the case with this very useful introduction to techniques for development of information systems. Such an emphasis is a natural one, since it has represented the major concern of the authors in their pro- fessional work at System Development Corporation, but it means that readers with different kinds of information systems in mind must be prepared to translate and interpret what is said in the light of their own concerns.
    keywords: information; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12052.pdf
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        item: #1183 of 5668
          id: crl-12053
      author: Reichmann, Felix
       title: Bibliography, Current State and Future Trends (Book Review)
        date: 1968-06-30
       words: 2149
      flesch: 61
     summary: The book is divided into sections which deal with best sellers in hard bound and paperback form; best-seller subjects; best sellers by years; early best sellers; and books and articles about best sellers. Best sellers of all times have included the Bible and books on religious themes, cookbooks, crime and suspense stories, nov- elty and game books, poetry and drama (the smallest group), reference books, and westerns.
    keywords: best; book; information; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12053.pdf
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        item: #1184 of 5668
          id: crl-12054
      author: Boaz, Martha
       title: 70 Years of Best Sellers (Book Review)
        date: 1968-06-30
       words: 1398
      flesch: 62
     summary: The book is divided into sections which deal with best sellers in hard bound and paperback form; best-seller subjects; best sellers by years; early best sellers; and books and articles about best sellers. Best sellers of all times have included the Bible and books on religious themes, cookbooks, crime and suspense stories, nov- elty and game books, poetry and drama (the smallest group), reference books, and westerns.
    keywords: best; library; sellers
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        item: #1185 of 5668
          id: crl-12055
      author: Marshall, John David
       title: Raking the Historic Coals: The A.L.A. Scrapbook of 1876 (Book Review)
        date: 1968-06-30
       words: 1374
      flesch: 55
     summary: William Frederick Poole (Chicago public library), Charles Ammi Cutter (Boston Athenaeum), Richard Rogers Bowker and Frederick Ley- poldt (Publishers' Weekly), Charles Evans (Indianapolis public library), Lloyd Pear- sail Smith (Library Company of Phila- dephia), Ainsworth Rand Spofford (Library of Congress), and, of course, Melvil Dewey (Amherst College library). Among those planning the conference or exchanging letters about it were Justin Winsor (Boston public library),
    keywords: conference; library; public
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12055.pdf
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        item: #1186 of 5668
          id: crl-12056
      author: Greenaway, Emerson
       title: British Public Library Buildings (Book Review)
        date: 1968-06-30
       words: 691
      flesch: 55
     summary: The book, containing an index, is divided into seven sections: Commentary; Municipal Main Libraries; County Library Headquar- ter Buildings; Municipal Branch Libraries; County Branch Libraries; Tabulated Data of other Municipal Library Buildings; and Tabulated Data of other County Library Buildings. This reviewer would have appreciated more comments and thinking by the authors, for they are in a position to exert great influence on future public library buildings.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12056.pdf
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        item: #1187 of 5668
          id: crl-12060
      author: McGrath, William E.
       title: Measuring Classified Circulation According to Curriculum
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 1995
      flesch: 64
     summary: T h e loans, as distributed among t h e departments, re- flect curriculum use of the library. The statistics can help the librarian decide how to allocate the budget to departments.
    keywords: department
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12060.pdf
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        item: #1188 of 5668
          id: crl-12063
      author: Lane, David O.
       title: The Selection of Academic Library Materials, A Literature Survey
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 5985
      flesch: 55
     summary: As the above quotations may have shown, the bulk of the writing on this subject seems to be more and more in favor of library staff selection, at least 32 Felix Reichman, Current Acquisition Trends in American Libraries, Library Trends, III (April 1 9 5 5 ) , 4 6 2 . 33 Clarence Gorchels, Acquisition Policy Statements in Colleges of Education, Library Resources ir Tech- nical Services, V (Spring 1 9 6 1 ) , 157. Librarians ought to consult with the faculty, librarians ought to take advantage of the special advice that is available to them, but librarians ought not to depend on the faculty to do three jobs—teach, do research and develop library collections.
    keywords: book; faculty; libraries; library; selection; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12063.pdf
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        item: #1189 of 5668
          id: crl-12065
      author: Madan, Raj; Hetler, Eliese; Strong, Marilyn
       title: The Status of Librarians in Four-Year State Colleges and Universities
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 3625
      flesch: 68
     summary: This implies that librarians must accept the fact that full faculty status brings with it not only equal privileges but also the obligations of research and advanced degrees which have become synonymous with faculty status. In October 1967 the faculty senate of the State University of New York recom- mended that professional librarians be granted faculty status without faculty ti- tles but with all rights, privileges, and obligations thereof.
    keywords: faculty
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12065.pdf
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        item: #1190 of 5668
          id: crl-12066
      author: Broadus, Robert N.
       title: The Problem of Dates in Bibliographic Citations
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 3915
      flesch: 68
     summary: This omission of original date is not habitual with Russell and Russell, and in the Publisher's Trade List Annual of 1 9 6 6 and following, the date for the Courthope set is given as [ 1 8 9 5 - 1 9 0 6 ] 1 9 6 2 . The Problem of Dates in Bibliographic Citations In the bibliographic citation, date is important for two reasons: it helps to identify a particular physical book or other item; and gives an indication of the time of the item's content or thought.
    keywords: bibliographic; book; date; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12066.pdf
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        item: #1191 of 5668
          id: crl-12068
      author: Vensenyi, Paul E.
       title: Indexing in Source
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 1557
      flesch: 65
     summary: The system should shorten the procedures of indexing institutions and establish a new mechanism of selective indexing in the libraries themselves. Indexing in Source offers an even more dramatic perspective at the very heart of periodical services in the li- brary.
    keywords: indexing; source
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12068.pdf
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        item: #1192 of 5668
          id: crl-12069
      author: Novak, Victor
       title: The Librarian in Catholic Institutions
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 5213
      flesch: 58
     summary: There are some other arrangements, when at times clerical staff, and even the president of the college, also attend library staff meetings, or nonprofessional personnel is invited when needed for in- formation. C T O R N O V A K The Librarian in Catholic Institutions This paper attempts to examine the place of librarians in Catholic institutions of higher learning by providing answers to questions about the ratio of professional to nonprofessional staff, the presence or ab- sence of staff associations, the involvement of professional staffs in library administration through staff meetings, and the librarians' status and salaries.
    keywords: libraries; library; professional; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12069.pdf
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        item: #1193 of 5668
          id: crl-12070
      author: Phipps, Barbara H.
       title: Library Instruction for the Undergraduate
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 8234
      flesch: 68
     summary: Some 126 of the 157 respondents (81 per cent) indicated that some form of library instruction is given. • The lack of library instruction is very obvious to those of us who man the service desks. . . .
    keywords: college; instruction; lectures; library; library instruction; orientation; students; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12070.pdf
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        item: #1194 of 5668
          id: crl-12072
      author: Nitecki, Joseph Z.
       title: The Title Catalog: A Third Dimension
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 3784
      flesch: 74
     summary: A separation of author and title catalogs will provide two independ- ent and simultaneous approaches in lo- cating a book, each requiring less search by eliminating irrelevant entries. It is impossible at this time to evaluate accurately the accom- plishment achieved at UWM by the sep- aration of the author and title catalogs.
    keywords: t e; title
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12072.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12072.txt

        item: #1195 of 5668
          id: crl-12075
      author: Kaser, David
       title: University Libraries for Developing Countries (Book Review)
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 654
      flesch: 38
     summary: This doctoral dissertation, prepared for the school of library service at Columbia University with financial assistance from the Canada Council, is a valuable addition to the collection of surveys of Canadian libraries that have been published during Libraries, needless to say, will purchase all four whenever the budget will allow, but Mr. Wilson's book is first among equals.—William_ R. Eshelman, Wilson Li- brary Bulletin.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12075.pdf
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        item: #1196 of 5668
          id: crl-12076
      author: Williams, Edwin E.
       title: Canadian Provincial Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 1338
      flesch: 44
     summary: In addition, sixteen leading Ca- nadian librarians representing institutions other than provincial libraries replied to a questionnaire that dealt with the place that provincial libraries ought to have in province-wide systems of library service. This doctoral dissertation, prepared for the school of library service at Columbia University with financial assistance from the Canada Council, is a valuable addition to the collection of surveys of Canadian libraries that have been published during Book Reviews / 445 recent years.
    keywords: libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12076.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12076.txt

        item: #1197 of 5668
          id: crl-12077
      author: Srygley, Ted
       title: Information Work Today; Papers Presented at a Symposium for Information Workers Held at Liverpool School of Librarianship in September, 1966 (Book Review)
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 1382
      flesch: 51
     summary: In addition, sixteen leading Ca- nadian librarians representing institutions other than provincial libraries replied to a questionnaire that dealt with the place that provincial libraries ought to have in province-wide systems of library service. Dr. Kronick jovially implies that the whole thing may be premature because there is insufficient data about the nature of the work to be done in medical libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12077.pdf
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        item: #1198 of 5668
          id: crl-12078
      author: Cavanaugh, G. S. T.
       title: Health Sciences Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 698
      flesch: 53
     summary: Most of the articles are by Indian librarians and teachers of library science who are well known and highly regarded in India, with a few articles by non-librar- ians also included. Dr. Kronick jovially implies that the whole thing may be premature because there is insufficient data about the nature of the work to be done in medical libraries.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12078.pdf
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        item: #1199 of 5668
          id: crl-12079
      author: Russell, John R.
       title: Progress of Libraries in Free India; Being a Symposium on Library Science by Some Eminent and Experienced Librarians of India (Book Review)
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 1066
      flesch: 53
     summary: Most of the articles are by Indian librarians and teachers of library science who are well known and highly regarded in India, with a few articles by non-librar- ians also included. Dr. Kronick jovially implies that the whole thing may be premature because there is insufficient data about the nature of the work to be done in medical libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12079.pdf
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        item: #1200 of 5668
          id: crl-12080
      author: Trumpeter, Margo
       title: Non-Librarians in the Academic Library
        date: 1968-11-01
       words: 2924
      flesch: 61
     summary: 3. Is membership in non-library groups and associations more common in one group than the other? Actual salary and the number of non- library group affiliations were recorded directly from the questionnaires.
    keywords: group; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12080.pdf
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        item: #1201 of 5668
          id: crl-12081
      author: Rundell, Walter
       title: Relations between Historical Researchers and Custodians of Source Materials
        date: 1968-11-01
       words: 6891
      flesch: 54
     summary: Both stu- dents and library staff agree that they have mutual problems. This avoidance of university libraries may re- sult from generally inadequate holdings or the dissertation topic being unrelated to the library's collections.
    keywords: graduate; historians; interview; libraries; library; research; students; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12081.pdf
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        item: #1202 of 5668
          id: crl-12082
      author: Yang, Winston L. Y.; Yang, Teresa S.
       title: American Library Resources on Asia
        date: 1968-11-01
       words: 4620
      flesch: 55
     summary: A S. Y A N G American Library Resources on Asia The rapid expansion of Asian resources in American libraries has presented a number of problems partly because of the diversity and non-Western nature of Asian cultures and languages. This paper traces the beginning and development of Asian resources in American libraries, discusses some of the problems presented by the expansion of these resources, and suggests several approaches to the problems discussed.
    keywords: asian; libraries; library; resources
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12082.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12082.txt

        item: #1203 of 5668
          id: crl-12083
      author: Harlow, Neal
       title: Doctoral Study-Key to What?
        date: 1968-11-01
       words: 1845
      flesch: 47
     summary: Equally exciting intellectual, methodological, and tech- nical innovations are being carried over from social research, opening whole new library worlds for exploration. It should give the head librarian a clearer understanding of the objectives of practice, a distrust of many of the assumptions upon which practice is based, an urge to study new ap- proaches and to guide investigation, and an administrative organization which en- courages library research and experi- mentation.
    keywords: doctoral; research; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12083.pdf
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        item: #1204 of 5668
          id: crl-12086
      author: Kleiner, Jane P.
       title: The Information Desk: the Library's Gateway to Service
        date: 1968-11-01
       words: 2826
      flesch: 64
     summary: Also, it should be noted that the following statistics are based on those provided by only thirty- six of the thirty-seven libraries having information desks, as one failed to re- spond to this question. The following percentages exclude the six libraries having information desks, but not providing any reference service: Directional . . .
    keywords: desk; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12086.pdf
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        item: #1205 of 5668
          id: crl-12087
      author: Blake, Fay M.
       title: Tenure for the Academic Librarian
        date: 1968-11-01
       words: 1970
      flesch: 54
     summary: The paper envisions the increasing extension of tenure to academic librarians. T H E R E IS substantial evidence of a strong trend among academic librarians in the United States to gain full aca- demic status within their institutions.
    keywords: academic
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12087.pdf
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        item: #1206 of 5668
          id: crl-12091
      author: Bennett, Fleming
       title: Primer for Agricultural Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1968-11-01
       words: 576
      flesch: 50
     summary: Librarians of large as well as small agricultural libraries will do well to consult this list of biblio- graphical tools, abstracting journals and serv- ices, and broad annual reviews, because of its comprehensive coverage. It is in four major sections, viz., factors affect- ing the characteristics of copies; the physi- cal characteristics of research materials; processes; and methods and techniques.
    keywords: agricultural
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12091.pdf
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        item: #1207 of 5668
          id: crl-12092
      author: Thompson, Lawrence S.
       title: Copying Methods Manual (Book Review)
        date: 1968-11-01
       words: 1234
      flesch: 49
     summary: The important underlying assumptions in Dr. Klempner's research are that the uti- lization of technical information can be ac- celerated and intensified through the pur- poseful exploitation of national documen- tation center abstracting and indexing serv- ices, and that if imaginatively distrib- uted and used, the services can, in effect, act as social instruments capable of pro- Librarians of large as well as small agricultural libraries will do well to consult this list of biblio- graphical tools, abstracting journals and serv- ices, and broad annual reviews, because of its comprehensive coverage.
    keywords: reports; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12092.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12092.txt

        item: #1208 of 5668
          id: crl-12093
      author: Shank, Russell
       title: Diffusion of Abstracting and Indexing Services for Government-Sponsored Research (Book Review)
        date: 1968-11-01
       words: 1354
      flesch: 49
     summary: The important underlying assumptions in Dr. Klempner's research are that the uti- lization of technical information can be ac- celerated and intensified through the pur- poseful exploitation of national documen- tation center abstracting and indexing serv- ices, and that if imaginatively distrib- uted and used, the services can, in effect, act as social instruments capable of pro- Book Reviews / 519 moting national technological, economic and social goals. While Dr. Klempner does not try to prove cause and effect, his findings support pre- viously published evidence that techno- logical innovation and progress in industry seem to center on firms which, among oth- er things, are aware of and sensitive to channels and media for the communication of scientific information.
    keywords: information; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12093.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12093.txt

        item: #1209 of 5668
          id: crl-12094
      author: Harlan, Robert D.
       title: The Methodist Publishing House, Vol. I; From Its Beginnings to 1870 (Book Review)
        date: 1968-11-01
       words: 1330
      flesch: 55
     summary: Running through the fabric of the Methodist Publishing House's past are some of the warp threads in the whole fabric of American history: the in- fluence of an expanding frontier; the op- timism and sectionalism which its broad horizons generated; inflation, depression, war, and industrial growth. It is a sad fact that so few comparable studies, indeed so few studies at all, exist of American publishing houses which have played an important part in our country's cultural history.
    keywords: history; publishing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12094.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12094.txt

        item: #1210 of 5668
          id: crl-12095
      author: Schliecker, Charles
       title: Floors: Selection and Maintenance (Book Review)
        date: 1968-11-01
       words: 638
      flesch: 59
     summary: The book is organized in seven chapters as follows: (1) Selection Criteria; (2) Main- tenance; (3) Resilient Floor Coverings; (4) Carpet; (5) Masonry Floors; (6) Wood Floors; and (7) Formed-in-place Floors. Running through the fabric of the Methodist Publishing House's past are some of the warp threads in the whole fabric of American history: the in- fluence of an expanding frontier; the op- timism and sectionalism which its broad horizons generated; inflation, depression, war, and industrial growth.
    keywords: history
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12095.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12095.txt

        item: #1211 of 5668
          id: crl-12096
      author: Shaffer, Norman J.
       title: Library of Congress Pilot Preservation Project
        date: 1969-01-01
       words: 3704
      flesch: 59
     summary: To develop routines for comparing titles in the LC brittle book collection with the same titles in other libraries; 2. The Association of Research Li- braries established a Preservation Com- mittee in 1960 to begin studying the problem of deteriorating materials and to assess its impact on library collections.
    keywords: libraries; preservation; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12096.pdf
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        item: #1212 of 5668
          id: crl-12097
      author: Goldschmidt, Eva
       title: Archibald MacLeish, Librarian of Congress
        date: 1969-01-01
       words: 8363
      flesch: 56
     summary: The committee consisted of library staff, but drew on the advice of specialists from other libraries in formulating its report and recommendations. 3) The reference staff and facilities of the Library of Congress are available to members of the public, universities, learn- ed societies and other libraries requiring services which the Library is equipped to give and which can be given without in- terference with services to Congress and other Government Departments.
    keywords: ala; books; congress; department; librarian; libraries; library; macleish; reference; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12097.pdf
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        item: #1213 of 5668
          id: crl-12100
      author: Locke, W. N.
       title: Selling Books in Libraries
        date: 1969-01-01
       words: 3485
      flesch: 70
     summary: College and Research Libraries W. N. LOCKE Selling Books in Libraries This paper proposes that libraries of the future might sell as well as lend books and journals. The major compensating fact is that the collection always remains in- tact, or nearly so, whereas in a conven- tional library the frustration index (per cent of desired books not found) may Selling Books in Libraries I 41 M over.
    keywords: books; bookstore; copy; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12100.pdf
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        item: #1214 of 5668
          id: crl-12101
      author: Netz, David J.
       title: Faculty Loan Policies in Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana
        date: 1969-01-01
       words: 2805
      flesch: 60
     summary: Indiana A survey was made to determine the circulation policies for faculty in the college and university libraries of Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio; to determine whether or not they seemed to be satisfactory; and to elicit suggestions on how faculty loan policies could be improved. BECAUSE OF THE DEARTH of professional literature concerning the many ramifica- tions of academic library circulation pol- icies, a study of faculty loan policies was initiated.
    keywords: faculty; institutions; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12101.pdf
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        item: #1215 of 5668
          id: crl-12102
      author: McGrath, William E.; Huntsinger, Ralph C.; Barber, Gary R.
       title: An Allocation Formula Derived from a Factor Analysis of Academic Departments
        date: 1969-01-01
       words: 5724
      flesch: 75
     summary: Many books are circulated for graduate research which are never cited. For example, the raw data for the Department of Languages and Social Sciences in variables A-1 , A-2, B-1, and F-8 accounts for a very large part of the total, tending to over- whelm other departments and to pro- mote high correlations among those var- iables.
    keywords: analysis; books; factor; library; variables
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12102.pdf
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        item: #1216 of 5668
          id: crl-12103
      author: Moriarty, John H.
       title: Case Studies in Systems Analysis in a University Library (Book Review)
        date: 1969-01-01
       words: 1264
      flesch: 55
     summary: Case studies of these make up the specillc content of five of the chap- ters. In the introduction the editor mentions one very costly library area which is not in- vestigated: This collection of case studies contains nothing in the area of technical services, a significant shortcoming, simply because no important studies had been concluded in technical services at the time of this writing (Introduction, p. 8).
    keywords: book; library; studies
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12103.pdf
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        item: #1217 of 5668
          id: crl-12104
      author: Cunningham, Jay L.
       title: Organization and Handling of Bibliographic Records by Computer (Book Review)
        date: 1969-01-01
       words: 1328
      flesch: 51
     summary: Jolliffe, Line, and Robinson dis- cuss standardization of library systems and bibliographic records, concluding that nu- merous constraints militate against ex- change of library program packages above a limited subroutine level. In other applications, Hunt outlines one of the first uses this reviewer has seen of machine records for the preparation of catalogs of older books as a true bibliog- rapher's tool complete with an augment- ed descriptive format.
    keywords: computer; library; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12104.pdf
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        item: #1218 of 5668
          id: crl-12107
      author: Heron, David
       title: Bookplates for Libraries; Contemporary Design for School, Public, College, and University Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1969-01-01
       words: 682
      flesch: 58
     summary: Bookplates for Libraries; Contemporary Designs for School, Public, College, and University Libraries. By F. W. Lancaster, Bethesda: National Library of Medicine, 1968.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12107.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12107.txt

        item: #1219 of 5668
          id: crl-12108
      author: Kronick, David A.
       title: Evaluation of the MEDLARS Demand Search Service (Book Review)
        date: 1969-01-01
       words: 1171
      flesch: 51
     summary: Nevertheless , the misgivings expressed by Alan M. Rees in his thoroughgoing review of the general subject of evaluation in the second volume of the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (Evaluation of information systems and services) in which he predicted that . . . Mr. Shickell's seventy-two specimen plates make use of a number of the better t ype- faces and his own skillful calligraphy rendered in four colors suitable to library plates.
    keywords: medlars; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12108.pdf
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        item: #1220 of 5668
          id: crl-12109
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1967-68
        date: 1969-01-01
       words: 6340
      flesch: 59
     summary: (Its Publication, 6) New periodical indexes are always wel- come. Ex- tremely well-indexed, the bibliography has an average of nearly four subject entries per dissertation, as well as title entry for each.
    keywords: articles; bibliography; english; guide; history; index; new; reference; volume; work
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        item: #1221 of 5668
          id: crl-12110
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts
        date: 1969-01-01
       words: 3125
      flesch: 47
     summary: The following are some of the conclu- sions drawn from this study: ( 1) students under both treatments made significant gains in their knowledge of library use; ( 2) the experimental and control groups did not differ significantly in the amount of knowledge gained as a result of their respective treatments; ( 3) it was seen that in class the experimental group covered the same amount of material in less time than the control groups ; ( 4) much more time was required for the initial prepara- tion of Plato lessons than conventional lectures; ( 5) subsequent preparations for Plato lessons required much less time than subsequent conventional lecture prepara- tions ; ( 6) Plato instruction required less 70/ teaching assistance than conventional lec- tures; (7) instructor's time during admin- istration of lectures far exceeded the amount needed for the administration of the Plato method. This study of library resources was un- dertaken as a part of a statewide plan for higher education in Texas.
    keywords: libraries; library; study; university; use
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        item: #1222 of 5668
          id: crl-12111
      author: Schiller, Anita R.
       title: Academic Libarians' Salaries
        date: 1969-03-01
       words: 5651
      flesch: 63
     summary: Median salary differen- tials exist between men and women at all levels of experience; but here again, the gap in median salaries between the two groups widens as experience in- creases. Nonetheless, academic librarians as a group seem to earn higher salaries than school and public librarians.
    keywords: cent; librarians; median; salary; women
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12111.pdf
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        item: #1223 of 5668
          id: crl-12113
      author: Drott, M. Carl
       title: Random Sampling: a Tool for Library Research
        date: 1969-03-01
       words: 4105
      flesch: 78
     summary: A method of selecting a sample using random numbers is shown. Many books on sampling or statistics in- clude tables of random numbers (see bibliography).
    keywords: number; random; sample
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        item: #1224 of 5668
          id: crl-12114
      author: Klotsche, J. Martin
       title: The Role of the Academic Library in Urban Development
        date: 1969-03-01
       words: 2151
      flesch: 62
     summary: The university always needs to see its special and unique role and not duplicate services already being per- formed by special libraries in the com- munity or by public libraries . There are, of course, many special libraries in this country, created to meet the special re- quirements of a specialized and indus- trialized society.
    keywords: library; university; urban
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12114.pdf
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        item: #1225 of 5668
          id: crl-12116
      author: Keller, John E.
       title: Program Budgeting and Cost Benefit Analysis in Libraries
        date: 1969-03-01
       words: 2993
      flesch: 57
     summary: Two budgeting techniques recently introduced into universities from the defense .establishment are program budgeting and cost benefit analysis. Thus cost benefit analysis can help to produce a higher proportion of better decisions in resource allocation than can traditional methods of budgeting.
    keywords: analysis; budgeting; cost; program
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        item: #1226 of 5668
          id: crl-12117
      author: Hamsher, Mary Jane; Harvey, John F.
       title: Exemption Tests in Library Education
        date: 1969-03-01
       words: 4652
      flesch: 59
     summary: Although theoretically it would seem that students with previous experience or course work would be most successful on the examinations, the results did not bear this out. Appar- ently neither the students' previous ex- perience nor course work was sufficiently similar to Drexel course work to be par- ticularly helpful.
    keywords: cent; examinations; library; students
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        item: #1227 of 5668
          id: crl-12118
      author: White, Carl M.
       title: Library Development in Eight Asian Countries (Book Review)
        date: 1969-03-01
       words: 1359
      flesch: 59
     summary: One set has to do with how favorable the social climate is to library development-whether a sound political and economic base for the pur- pose exists , to what extent continuing so- cial commitments and in particular educa- tional commitments are generating a real need for national library development, what teaching customs or other cultural characteristics put the brakes on creating library services to meet these needs , what the langua ge of learning is and how many are equipped to use it, whether there is an indigenous booktrade to provide readable books in the vernacular, and what use is made of non-print media . The other set has to do with how favor- able the climate of management is to li- brary development-the condition of li- brary legislation and government, the place 170/ Recent Publications of library planning in national planning, established arrangements for the develop- ment of librarianship as a profession, ar- rangements that affect the attractiveness of librarianship as a personal career, the organization of librarians and their nation- al activities, and measures that the nation supports to further bibliographical control.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #1228 of 5668
          id: crl-12119
      author: Copeland, J. Isaac
       title: Roads to Research: Distinguished Library Collections of the Southeast (Book Review)
        date: 1969-03-01
       words: 705
      flesch: 62
     summary: Those reporting the largest num- ber of research collections were Duke and the University of North Carolina at Chap- el Hill with eight apiece; they were fol- lowed by Louisiana State University with six. College and Research Libraries library development as a necessary ele- ment in nation-building; and it illustrates needed use of professional guidance in shaping this aspect of national policy.- Carl M. White, University of California, San Diego.
    keywords: collections
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        item: #1229 of 5668
          id: crl-12120
      author: Stevens, Rolland E.
       title: Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science (Book Review)
        date: 1969-03-01
       words: 1438
      flesch: 63
     summary: In this first volume most articles are written on a level that should provide helpful information to the average reader. Informa- tion science is well represented, filling about 40 per cent of the first volume, but in terms of articles it is outnumbered by library science by about three to one.
    keywords: information; libraries
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        item: #1230 of 5668
          id: crl-12122
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts
        date: 1969-03-01
       words: 4540
      flesch: 57
     summary: The basic premise of the study is that magnetic tape data bases are becoming available from a variety of na- tional sources and that they are a form of data which university libraries will begin to acquire. This study analyzes the basic cost fac- tors in the automation of library catalogs, with a separate examination of the influ- ence of typography on the cost of printed catalogs and the use of efficient automatic error detection procedures in processing bibliographic records.
    keywords: data; information; libraries; library; report; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12122.pdf
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        item: #1231 of 5668
          id: crl-12123
      author: Stanford, Edward B.
       title: Residence Hall Libraries and Their Educational Potential
        date: 1969-04-30
       words: 3999
      flesch: 48
     summary: Probably an appropriate admonition to institutions considering the develop- ment of residence hall libraries is to analyze their local situation in terms of campus geography, library attitudes, student and faculty interest, the philoso- phy of its student personnel program, and-not the least-the cost of main- taining such libraries in relation to over- all library support. If the provision of library collections in student housing facilities is to be ed- ucationally meaningful, such efforts re- quire careful planning, continuity of su- pervision and administration, and a sub- stantial commitment in funds on a re- curring basis.
    keywords: dormitory; hall; libraries; library; residence
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12123.pdf
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        item: #1232 of 5668
          id: crl-12124
      author: Trueswell, Richard W.
       title: User Circulation Satisfaction vs. Size of Holdings at Three Academic Libraries
        date: 1969-04-30
       words: 2423
      flesch: 68
     summary: % HOLDINGS FROl\1 WHICH CIRCULATION TAKEN D eering Library Northwestern University 820's 60 80 100 % OF HOLDINGS SATISFYING CIRCULATION ~ w ::::: ~ z @ t > plot of the last circulation dat~ for the Mount Holy- oke College library circulation as re- corded over a four-month period.
    keywords: circulation; holdings; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12124.pdf
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        item: #1233 of 5668
          id: crl-12125
      author: Shores, Louis
       title: The Junior College Impact on Academic Librarianship
        date: 1969-04-30
       words: 4723
      flesch: 62
     summary: o enable their graduates to s er to senior colleges and uni- versities, junior colleges have followed unquestioningly the prescriptions of tra- dition. Because it is remaking higher education in America.
    keywords: book; college; education; higher; junior; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12125.pdf
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        item: #1234 of 5668
          id: crl-12126
      author: Roberts, Matt
       title: Copyright and Photocopying: an Experiment Cooperation
        date: 1969-04-30
       words: 5203
      flesch: 68
     summary: To believe that anyone is going to deposit dime after dime, or quarter after quarter, in a ma- chine in order to copy an entire chapter or article solely in lieu of purchase, or to make multiple copies for public use, calls for an imagination of some vivid- ness. Some 117 ( 45 per cent) agreed to permit multiple copy- Copyright and Photocopying I 229 ing as specified and did not demand royal- ties or attach any contingencies; forty-four ( 17 per cent) granted permission without royalty but did attach certain conditions, such as source on each copy, informing the publisher as to what was copied, send- ing one copy to the publisher, and return- ing copies when no longer needed.
    keywords: copyright; libraries; library; photocopying; publishers; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12126.pdf
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        item: #1235 of 5668
          id: crl-12127
      author: Craig,  J. E. G.
       title: Characteristics of Use of Geology Literature
        date: 1969-04-30
       words: 2939
      flesch: 63
     summary: The various dispersions of other subjects literature may be found in Stevens' Characteristics of Subject Literatures. G EOLOGIC LITERATURE apparently does not become outdated as rapidly as the literature of some other sciences.1 A dozen years have elapsed since the last major study on the topic, and this span was believed to be sufficient to warrant another analysis of geologic literature.
    keywords: cent; literature
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        item: #1236 of 5668
          id: crl-12128
      author: Ash, Joan
       title: The Exchange of Academic Dissertations
        date: 1969-04-30
       words: 2532
      flesch: 53
     summary: Perhaps an international plan for the handling of dissertations could follow along the same lines: ( 1) each Euro- pean library could continue sending the- ses to selected American libraries des- ignated as dissertation centers; ( 2) a few selected <<dissertation center li- 23 Dissertation Abstracts (May 1968), iii. M Bishop, op. The Exchange of Academic Dissertations The use of academic dissertations for exchange by American libraries has greatly diminished since University Microfilms expanded its pro- gram for the publication of American dissertations in the early 1950s.
    keywords: dissertations; microfilms; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12128.pdf
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        item: #1237 of 5668
          id: crl-12129
      author: Christ, John M.
       title: Functional Analysis and Library Science
        date: 1969-04-30
       words: 2955
      flesch: 47
     summary: College and Research Libraries JOHN M. CHRIST Functional Analysis and Library Science Functional analysis is a tool with significant positive implications for library research because of: (1) its facility for investigating the social system of which the librar.y is an integral part; and (2) its direction towards heuristic considerations and metaphysical theory long neg- lected in library science. The sociological approach to function- al analysis has a greater degree of rele- vance for library research than the mechanistic approach because the meth- od is more closely related to the type of phenomena and social system which comprises the library as an institution.
    keywords: approach; functional; library; social
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12129.pdf
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        item: #1238 of 5668
          id: crl-12130
      author: Hoppe, Ronald A.; Simmel, Edward C.
       title: Book Tearing and the Bystander in the University Library
        date: 1969-04-30
       words: 3008
      flesch: 65
     summary: Neither the type of library nor the size of the audience influenced the response. library were combined to make the analysis more apprcpriate.
    keywords: book; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12130.pdf
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        item: #1239 of 5668
          id: crl-12132
      author: Haro, Robert P.
       title: Some Problems in the Conversion of a College to a University Library
        date: 1969-04-30
       words: 2746
      flesch: 48
     summary: Margit Kraft, in her article, An argument for selectivity in the acqui- sition of materials for research libraries, devotes considerable attention to the need for quality in developing and main- taining a library's collection ( s ) .1 No matter how much one may subscribe to the argument that research libraries must give primary emphasis to the acquisition of in-print ma- terials, out-of-print needs cannot be ig- nored.
    keywords: college; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12132.pdf
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        item: #1240 of 5668
          id: crl-12133
      author: Cain, Stith M.
       title: Service Hours in Selected Academic Libraries
        date: 1969-04-30
       words: 839
      flesch: 67
     summary: ~nic Libraries F arty-three state and private university libraries were polled as to the number of hours w eekly they remained open, and the reasons for having chosen these hours. Information was also obtained from the University of Wiscon- sin in Madison and the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee concerning their library hours.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12133.pdf
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        item: #1241 of 5668
          id: crl-12134
      author: Lewis, Mary Genevieve
       title: Library Orientation for Asian College Students
        date: 1969-04-30
       words: 2896
      flesch: 68
     summary: Library Orientation for Asian College Students In an effort to determine what kind of library orientation is most need- ed by Asian students in American academic libraries, the author in- terviewed sixty Asian students from twenty different countries at the East-West Center, University of Hawaii, plus eleven faculty and staff members. General prob- lems of Asian students are discussed, and programs for library in- struction, on both graduate and undergraduate levels, are described.
    keywords: asian; books; library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12134.pdf
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        item: #1242 of 5668
          id: crl-12135
      author: Miller, Ron
       title: Automation in Public Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1969-04-30
       words: 1335
      flesch: 59
     summary: Users: in his conclusion the author writes, To design on-line computer systems which perform limited file-searching func- tions may be to miss the real needs of most library users. In his introduc- tion about the why of library automation, the author states that the book is primarily for people who have no knowledge of computing.
    keywords: libraries; library; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12135.pdf
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        item: #1243 of 5668
          id: crl-12136
      author: Rothstein, Samuel
       title: Librarianship in Canada, 1946 to 1967; Essays in Honour of Elizabeth Homer Morton (Le Bibliothecariat au Canada de 1946 a 1967 (Book Review)
        date: 1969-04-30
       words: 1408
      flesch: 60
     summary: Often the elegance of the system design seems more important than the people problems associated with accommodating the needs of the library staff and library users. Users: in his conclusion the author writes, To design on-line computer systems which perform limited file-searching func- tions may be to miss the real needs of most library users.
    keywords: book; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12136.pdf
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        item: #1244 of 5668
          id: crl-12139
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts
        date: 1969-04-30
       words: 2266
      flesch: 54
     summary: The most important proposals of the last decade for a national «information system are outlined and the distinction made in these proposals between libraries and library systems on the one hand and evaluation and retrieval systems on the oth- er is rejected. An eight- point program is presented for immediate improvement of library services through mechanized computer information services.
    keywords: information; library; report; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12139.pdf
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        item: #1245 of 5668
          id: crl-12140
      author: Bach, Harry
       title: The Snows of Yesteryear
        date: 1969-06-30
       words: 3343
      flesch: 70
     summary: James Gray, The University of Minnesota, 1851- 1951 ,(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1951 ), p. 528. 3o Morris Bishop, A History of Cornell (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1962) , p. 108. 31 p. 412.
    keywords: books; college; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12140.pdf
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        item: #1246 of 5668
          id: crl-12141
      author: Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: The Economic Goal of Library Automation
        date: 1969-06-30
       words: 2653
      flesch: 54
     summary: Still, rising salaries and higher standards of living that reflect increased productivity have forced up salaries of educators. Because of such great potential for in- creasing productivity in library opera- tions as this example of the mechaniza- tion of the catalog reveals, it is most de- sirable that any library computerization project should be an initial step in the direction of increased productivity ·and not solely an improvement in efficiency of an isolated procedure.
    keywords: libraries; library; productivity; technology
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12141.pdf
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        item: #1247 of 5668
          id: crl-12142
      author: Rayward, W. Boyd
       title: Libraries as Organizations
        date: 1969-06-30
       words: 9599
      flesch: 49
     summary: College and Research Libraries W. BOYD RAYWARD Libraries as Organizations Following general discussion of organizations and the proper ways of 'setting, seeking, and attaining organization goals, this paper examines libraries in such a context and makes observations concerning them. The existence of this exter- nal support suggests that there has been a movement of library goals towards a more central position in the value and power system of society generally.
    keywords: community; general; goals; information; libraries; library; new; organization; research; universe
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12142.pdf
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        item: #1248 of 5668
          id: crl-12143
      author: Steinke, Eleanor G.; Tannehill, Robert S.
       title: Regional Medial Library Planning in the Southeastern United States
        date: 1969-06-30
       words: 3774
      flesch: 39
     summary: Regional Medical Library Planning in the Southeastern United States Planning for expanded, and more effective, information services in the United States has been stimulated by the provision for the establish- ment of regional medical libraries under the Medical Library Assist- ance Act of 1965. cooperation with national libraries, other regional medical libraries, and biomedical information systems for the maximum utilization of health science information resources and services; 6. continuing evaluation programs to as- sure the effective dissemination of health science information to the re- gion's users.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; medical; regional
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12143.pdf
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        item: #1249 of 5668
          id: crl-12145
      author: Williams, Lorraine
       title: The Shared Cataloging Program; the Importance of Being Ordered
        date: 1969-06-30
       words: 1066
      flesch: 59
     summary: The following strictures therefore represent an attempt to point out a policy for the screening of foreign orders forwarded to the Li- brary of Congress for cataloging priority. Care should be taken in re- search libraries to assure that only accurate references are given, that national bibliography number is included, that the requesting institu- tion is identified, and that orders are typed.
    keywords: cataloging; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12145.pdf
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        item: #1250 of 5668
          id: crl-12146
      author: Hughes, Louise Womack
       title: South of Explosive Exponentialism in Academic Libraries
        date: 1969-06-30
       words: 3383
      flesch: 66
     summary: This report includes Table E. ~elected data for th.~ 40 largest academic libraries: Umted States, 1964-65 , p . And-and this is the whole point- libraries which are good, for the diversi- ty of interests which are represented in a university faculty, necessarily are, or soon become, large libraries.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12146.pdf
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        item: #1251 of 5668
          id: crl-12148
      author: Bixler, Paul
       title: The Academic Library World--Not So Round
        date: 1969-06-30
       words: 1565
      flesch: 63
     summary: One cannot reasonably expect a college library to subscribe to · news media in Chinese, Japanese, Thai, Vietnamese, Malay, Bur- mese, Hindi, Urdu, or any other of a dozen languages in which aspects of Asian news regularly appear; nor could one expect to find more than a handful of such publications in even the larger uni- versity libraries. There is more to Asian news than the Vietnam war or speculation about China as told by American reporters or by Eu- ropean commentators.
    keywords: libraries; news
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12148.pdf
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        item: #1252 of 5668
          id: crl-12149
      author: Haas, Warren J.
       title: The Role of the Building Consultant
        date: 1969-06-30
       words: 2322
      flesch: 52
     summary: In the case of spe- cialized buildings like libraries, a wide range of distinctive equipment must of- Role of Building Consultant I 367 ten be included as part of the program, and the consultant's knowledge of many installations is often a valuable resource in this aspect of program formulation. While the role of the consultant rela- tive to the initial program is most often that of a reviewer, there are many in- stances in which he is in fact a partici- pant in, and at times even primarily re- sponsible for, program development.
    keywords: consultant; library; program
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12149.pdf
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        item: #1253 of 5668
          id: crl-12150
      author: Phinazee, Annette Hoage; Jordan, Casper L.
       title: Centralized Library Purchasing and Technical Processing for Six Colleges in Alabama and Mississippi; A Report
        date: 1969-06-30
       words: 824
      flesch: 46
     summary: A single center for the selection, order- ing, cataloging, and processing of at least 90,000 volumes annually has been recommended for these six libraries for the following reasons: ( 1) there ap- peared to be a great deal of duplication of effort, with a negligible amount of unique technical processing being done in the libraries; ( 2) no significant dif- ferences in practices were found; ( 3) a center would cost less to operate than it would cost to expand facilities in the individual libraries and titles could be processed more cheaply; ( 4) profession- al personnel which is now involved in technical services would be free to con- tribute more toward the improvement of service by being released to plan, make policies, provide more guidance in the use of libraries, and actually get in- volved in the substantive aspect of the academic program. Plans for develop- ment include funding a center and the acquisition of additional ma- terials, and encouraging other similar libraries to take advantage of the center's services.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12150.pdf
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        item: #1254 of 5668
          id: crl-12152
      author: Thompson, Donald E.
       title: Reader in Library Administration (Book Review)
        date: 1969-06-30
       words: 1325
      flesch: 58
     summary: In library administration it has gradually evolved from how-to-do-it books to principles, to case studies, to manage- ment techniques, to philosophy. This applies both to the practice and teach- ing of librarianship.
    keywords: librarianship; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12152.pdf
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        item: #1255 of 5668
          id: crl-12155
      author: Jennings, Michael A.
       title: Optimizing Library Automation with a Central Dynamic Store
        date: 1969-08-31
       words: 4230
      flesch: 59
     summary: Card systems are not flexible for the selection and/ or changing of specific information. 2 If this is to be a reality in the next few years, card systems will be incompatible in support of any information network of remote on-line nature.
    keywords: cds; environment; information; library; program; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12155.pdf
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        item: #1256 of 5668
          id: crl-12156
      author: Berner, Richard C.; Bettis, M. Gary
       title: Description of Manuscript Collections; A Single Network System
        date: 1969-08-31
       words: 6031
      flesch: 68
     summary: Narrative description is kept to a minimum, and is concentrated in the guide section of the IjG. THE SYSTEM OF description that is out- lined in this article is based on the fol- lowing elements: 1. that the record items comprising manuscript groups have serial char- acteristics, and that this feature should be the basis of both their ar- rangement and description; 2. that users of manuscript collections normally approach their subject by having previously associated it with names: personal, corporate, and geo- graphical; 3. that this name/ subject association on the part of the researcher is so spe- cific and special as to justify a min- imal effort at subject analysis on the part of the describer; 4. that comprehensive bibliographical control of the manuscript collection as a whole is preferable to a minute bibliographical control of single manuscript items, or of only a frac- tion of the manuscript groups that Mr. Berner is Archivist and Mrs. Bettis is Curator of Manuscripts at the University of Washington Libraries. In ad- dition, the existing order of any fresh 1 The principle of provenance is the basis of archival practice, and because manuscript groups, like archival record groups, are themselves composed of record items normally appearing in some order, they should be organized and described by archival techniques.
    keywords: description; example; group; items; manuscript; names; series; subject
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        item: #1257 of 5668
          id: crl-12157
      author: Downs, Robert B.
       title: Doctoral Degrees and Library Resources
        date: 1969-08-31
       words: 2175
      flesch: 62
     summary: Examples are Purdue, Iowa State, Pennsylvania State, Oregon State, Oklahoma State, Texas A. & M., North Carolina State, Washington State, Kansas State, Auburn, Utah State, Col- orado State, and Montana State. 547 258 258 31 475,070 261,885 Notre Dam e 545 97 41 306 101 781,002 337,840 Connecticut 539 36 165 115 223 619,406 653,693 Washington ( St. Louis ) 527 42 126 235 119 5 936,754 571,528 North Carolina State 503 258 196 49 370,959 407,912 Washington State 499 243 94 162 879,094 296,225 Vanderbilt 497 149 129 134 85 995 ,839 379 ,732 Brooklyn Polytechnic 473 473 122,312 144,899 Tulane 460 113 168 98 79 2 950,710 391 ,901 St. Louis 450 88 95 119 148 719,741 216,653 Arizona 434 12 137 171 113 1 858,067 347,367 D enver 432 142 83 10 197 518,173 180,583 T emple 429 49 109 94 177 730 ,791 383,775 Rensselaer Polytechnic 423 7 401 9 6 130,927 120,909 Case Institute 415 377 37 1 138,545 ll9 ,085 G eor ge Peabody 397 23 49 20 305 995 ,839 379,731 Cincinn ati 396 46 80 209 56 5 905,047 222,343 Kans as State 382 2 238 132 lO 381 ,685 251 ,965 Georgetown 363 29 51 107 175 512,990 202,588 Am erican University 361 44 9 308 151 ,007 153,583 Kentucky 360 18 117 66 159 1,131 ,070 441 ,246 Virgini a Po]yt echnic 356 184 172 399.121 166,912 Book Total 0.
    keywords: degrees; library; state
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        item: #1258 of 5668
          id: crl-12158
      author: Peterson, Stephen L.
       title: Patterns of Use of Periodical Literature
        date: 1969-08-31
       words: 3759
      flesch: 61
     summary: Tabulated results indicate that this user group utilizes periodicals heavily, that citations are most often sought by subject, that only one or two articles are usually read per library use, and that most such library users are successful in their search for information. Including this 7 per cent, it must be noted that 78 per cent of the students indicated library use about once a week.
    keywords: literature; periodical
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12158.pdf
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        item: #1259 of 5668
          id: crl-12160
      author: Schad, Jasper G.; Adams, Ruth L.
       title: Book Selection in Academic Libraries: A New Approach
        date: 1969-08-31
       words: 3305
      flesch: 52
     summary: Although there has been recent prog- ress in this area, there are still many in- stances of faculty selectors working part- time and in a haphazard manner as the primary agents in the development of library collections, 1 a practice involving a number of disadvantages, which can often result in unbalanced growth. Books for College Libraries (Chicago: American Li- brary Association, 1967 ), p. v. the disadvantages outlined above which were the result of traditional approaches to faculty book selection.
    keywords: book; collection; faculty; library
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        item: #1260 of 5668
          id: crl-12161
      author: Irvine, Betty Jo
       title: Slide Collections in Art Libraries
        date: 1969-08-31
       words: 1834
      flesch: 51
     summary: TRADITIONALLY, slide collections in most United States colleges and univer- sities have been initiated by art history faculty to illustrate lectures. Because of this lack of published in- formation, a comprehensive study and survey of the history of the problem, the present status of slide collections, practical matters (such as equipment and photographic processing) , and more formal library considerations (such as use of classification, source fil es, and authority files) was b egun in 1968.
    keywords: art; collections; slide
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        item: #1261 of 5668
          id: crl-12162
      author: Smith, Eldred
       title: Social Issues and Library Problems; Case Studies in the Social Sciences (Book Review)
        date: 1969-08-31
       words: 661
      flesch: 53
     summary: How- ever, if used as its author suggests, to com- plement other materials and teaching methods, Social Issues and Library Prob- lems should prove an asset to courses in social science bibliography.-EZdred Smith, University of California at Berkeley. By using cases to pose his problems , Kister is able to dem- onstrate the complexity of library problems , the ~napplicability of simple answers, and the Importance of evaluation and judgment based on expert knowledge.
    keywords: problems
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        item: #1262 of 5668
          id: crl-12165
      author: Trueswell, Richard W.
       title: Library Effectiveness A Systems Aooriach (Book Review)
        date: 1969-08-31
       words: 1432
      flesch: 63
     summary: This book could be used as a beginning text in a course in library science in the area of library systems analysis. It would seem that the book is more readily suited to the systems analyst and the operations researcher who currently are workfng in library systems analysis.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12165.pdf
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        item: #1263 of 5668
          id: crl-12166
      author: Kasey, David
       title: Oregon Imprints 1845-1870 (Book Review)
        date: 1969-08-31
       words: 706
      flesch: 66
     summary: This book could be used as a beginning text in a course in library science in the area of library systems analysis. An overall evaluation finds the book to be an excellent contribution to the field of library science which will undoubtedly help to bring more science back into the field of library science.-Richard
    keywords: oregon
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        item: #1264 of 5668
          id: crl-12167
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts
        date: 1969-08-31
       words: 1154
      flesch: 50
     summary: The ten steps involve: ( 1) provision of funds for the library in the capital funds secured for the new campus, ( 2) appointment of a capable head librarian, ( 3) utilization of a well-qualified library consultant, ( 4) es- tablishment of a code of library policy and procedure, ( 5) priority to be given for pro- vision of library materials, ( 6) considering the library to be a materials resource cen- ter, (7) long-range budgeting, (8) visits to similar libraries, ( 9) writing the specifi- cations for the consultant, and ( 10) estab- lishing cooperative relationships with other libraries. Chapter III discusses the use of the Research Libraries including divisions used, frequency and intensity of use, pur- pose of visits to the Research Libraries, materials sought and used , libraries used previously, and usefulness of resources.
    keywords: libraries; library; research
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        item: #1265 of 5668
          id: crl-12168
      author: Massman, Virgil F.
       title: Academic Library Salaries in a Seven-State Area
        date: 1969-11-01
       words: 3320
      flesch: 59
     summary: Academic Library Salaries in a Seven-State Area To learn more about their educational backgrounds and salaries, the writer undertook a survey of academic librarians in the seven up- per plains states of South Dakota, North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Montana. Evidently some librarians are not fa- miliar with faculty salaries at their in- stitutions.
    keywords: librarians; masters; salary
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12168.pdf
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        item: #1266 of 5668
          id: crl-12171
      author: Stevens, Norman D.
       title: Three Early Academic Library Surveys
        date: 1969-11-01
       words: 5212
      flesch: 58
     summary: He also made these comments on the likely growth of the library: Williams College library now has 82,000 volumes and is adding, or is able to add, 3,000 volumes per year, an increment which will tend to increase. He was also the author of the descriptive study of college libraries mentioned above which was an out- growth of the investigations made by and for the Advisory Group of College Libraries of the Carnegie Corporation of New York under the chairmanship of William W. Bishop.
    keywords: college; library; new; survey; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12171.pdf
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        item: #1267 of 5668
          id: crl-12172
      author: Khikelas, James
       title: Subject Searches Using Two Catalogs: A Comparative Evaluation
        date: 1969-11-01
       words: 6932
      flesch: 58
     summary: In the interest of maintaining max- imum control over the various elements of catalog searches, the choice of par- ticipants, catalogs, and questions was highly structured. No previ- ous study has succeeded in reaching de- finitive conclusions as to the characteris- tics that are clearly crucial to success in catalog use.
    keywords: catalog; divided; entries; searches; students; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12172.pdf
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        item: #1268 of 5668
          id: crl-12173
      author: Lewis, Ralph
       title: Book Reading Among College Students in Pusan, Korean
        date: 1969-11-01
       words: 3481
      flesch: 69
     summary: One of these, pointed out by the stu- dents themselves, is the meagerness of library book collections, estimated b y r e- liable observers to average only 25,000 volum es for each college library in Ko- 524 1 College & Research Libraries • November 1969 rea. Publishers could contribute greatly to this drive by bringing out the kind of books students want and need.
    keywords: books; cent; library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12173.pdf
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        item: #1269 of 5668
          id: crl-12174
      author: Slavens, Thomas P.
       title: Opinions of Library Science PhD's About Requirements for the PhD Degree in Library Science
        date: 1969-11-01
       words: 3691
      flesch: 69
     summary: On the issue of the number of years Requirements for PhD Degree in Library Science I 527 TABLE 3 EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EvALUATING STUDENTs' SUITABILITY FOR ADMISSION Chicago Illinois Michigan Rutgers 30s 40s 50s 60s 50s 60s 50s 60s 60s -- -- ---- --------- 0 0 Q) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 'E 0 ~ < ~ ~ < ~ < ~ < ~ < ~ < ~ < ~ < ~ < As to the form of the preliminary ex- aminations, 72 per cent thought that Requirements for PhD Degree in Library Science I 529 TABLE 7 PERCENTAGE OF THE CouRSES TO BE IN THE FoRM OF SEMINARS Chicago Illinois Michigan Rutgers 30s 40s 50s 60s 50s 60s 50s 60s 60s -- ------ ----
    keywords: 50s 60s; 60s; library
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        item: #1270 of 5668
          id: crl-12175
      author: McGrath, William E.; Durand, Norma
       title: Classifying Courses in the University Catalog
        date: 1969-11-01
       words: 2931
      flesch: 70
     summary: A 3x 5 card was then prepared for each number assigned, including, in ad- dition to the number, the department and course number. A list of class numbers or groups of class numbers resulting from classification of the univer.sity cata- log can be regarded as a department profile and can be used in many ways.
    keywords: class; courses; numbers
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12175.pdf
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        item: #1271 of 5668
          id: crl-12176
      author: Freitag, Wolfgang M.
       title: Wanted: A New Index to Exhibition Catalogues
        date: 1969-11-01
       words: 1932
      flesch: 50
     summary: The extent to which exhibition catalogues are covered in this selective bibliogra- phy is, of course, absolutely inadequate. Obviously, exhibition catalogues which fulfill an archival as well as a current information function and which today are of the first importance for art scholars, museum curators, dealers, and collectors will have to be gathered more quickly before they go out of print, and all parts of the world must be covered more systematically.
    keywords: art; bibliographical; catalogues
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12176.pdf
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        item: #1272 of 5668
          id: crl-12177
      author: Bauer, Harry C.
       title: Northwestern Approaches: the First Century of Books (Book Review)
        date: 1969-11-01
       words: 608
      flesch: 62
     summary: It is something in the na- ture of a bibliography printed and pub- lished in British Columbia, and issued in a limited edition of 750 copies. This meant no inhibition, however, for British Columbia and its approaches virtually covers the Pacific rim.
    keywords: smith
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        item: #1273 of 5668
          id: crl-12178
      author: Osterman, Linda
       title: Junior College Libraries: Development, Needs, and Perspectives (Book Review)
        date: 1969-11-01
       words: 1303
      flesch: 60
     summary: Repeatedly expressed was the view that the goals of such institutions could not be achieved by traditional methods or by emulating four-year institutions. Traditionally, college libraries have been used by the scholar and the researcher.
    keywords: book; college; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12178.pdf
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        item: #1274 of 5668
          id: crl-12180
      author: Hintz, Carl W.
       title: Development of Libraries and Library Science in India (Book Review)
        date: 1969-11-01
       words: 1247
      flesch: 53
     summary: According to the preface, it is con- cerned with current trends in all aspects of library work and library science and its development in India .. vis-a-vis the same in the libraries of U.K. and Scandinavian countries. Nevertheless, the author has suc- ceeded in his stated purpose to produce a general textbook for use by students pre- paring for diploma or degree examinations in library science in Indian universities.- Carl W. Hintz, Oregon State System of Higher Education.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12180.pdf
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        item: #1275 of 5668
          id: crl-12181
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts
        date: 1969-11-01
       words: 1847
      flesch: 53
     summary: The use of mathemati- cal models in library operations research is discussed. This paper reviews the research on de- sign and operation of research libraries sponsored by the Purdue University Li- braries and the Purdue School of Indus- trial Engineering.
    keywords: information; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12181.pdf
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        item: #1276 of 5668
          id: crl-12182
      author: Dougherty, Richard M.; Webb, William H.
       title: Editorial
        date: 1970-01-01
       words: 621
      flesch: 65
     summary: Problems confronting academic librarians deserve a thorough airing: the younger professional's struggle to achieve recognition and promotion, for ex- ample, or the increasing obstacles to financing academic libraries, or the implications of automation in academic library administration and services. Library doctoral students are urged to submit sum- maries of their research; our only requirement is that the topic be of interest to academic librarians and that the manuscript be pruned of deadly dissertationese.
    keywords: academic
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        item: #1277 of 5668
          id: crl-12183
      author: Smith, Eldred
       title: Academic Status for College and University Librarians--Problems and Prospects
        date: 1970-01-01
       words: 4190
      flesch: 49
     summary: College and Research Libraries ELDRED SMITH Academic Status for College and University Librarians- Problems and Prospects Academic librarians will achieve and deserve full academic status only after they cause changes in the bureaucratic structure of libraries and in library education, and when they provide professional service on a scholarly level. With the growing emphasis on individual study, libraries will be expected to provide such service to scholars and students who are be- coming less bibliographically self-suffi- cient even within their specialties.18 Moreover, as information developments make a moderate skill in library re- search almost a necessity for every edu- cated person, academic librarians must assume a more formal instructional role in their colleges and universities, teach- ing students at least its more rudimen- tary principles.
    keywords: academic; librarians; library; research; status
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12183.pdf
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        item: #1278 of 5668
          id: crl-12184
      author: Moriarty, John H.
       title: Academic In Deed
        date: 1970-01-01
       words: 2455
      flesch: 57
     summary: If librarians as faculty members are to match their peers in other departments, what will library directors need to do? The tough campaigns to win needed funds will have to be fought not just by library directors alone as is now often the case, but also by library pro- fessors, fully supported by library direc- tors.
    keywords: academic; library; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12184.pdf
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        item: #1279 of 5668
          id: crl-12187
      author: Downs, Robert B.; Heussman, John W.
       title: Standards for University Libraries
        date: 1970-01-01
       words: 2425
      flesch: 60
     summary: 1,727,075 2,452,836 50 80,832,234 1,616,645 681,019 978,685 1,300,033 50 57.2 43.6 53.5 56.0 50 47,685,800 953,716 391,241 Books, periodicals, and bindinS 600,983 835,357 Percent, books, periodicals, an binding 50 33.8 21.2 29.4 36.5 General expense 50 10,149,072 202,981 52,295 95,425 149,103 Percent, general expense 50 7.2 2.5 4.7 5.5 Third Range Quartile High 3,770,971 8,500,000 3,547,627 8,545,393 2,932,465 7,605,880 Third Range Quartile High 3,547,627 8,545,393 118,044,290 170,757,773 4.8 8.6 Third Range Quartile High 3,547,627 8,545,393 1,969,416 4,987,358 61.8 67.8 1,239,112 2,175,961 40.3 50.0 245,363 1,055,988 13.5 28.5 TABLE 4 STuDENT PER CAPITA ExPENDITURES FOR BooKs, PERioDicALs, AND BINDING, AND FOR ToTAL LmRARY ExPENDITURES CN 0 No. of Total Range First Third Range ........... Libs. c <:\) ~ TABLE 9 ~ ~ RELATIONSHIP OF NuMBER OF SEATS FOR READERS TO TOTAL ENROLLMENT t:-4 .... ~ No. of Total Range First Third Range '; ~ Libs.
    keywords: quartile; range; total
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        item: #1280 of 5668
          id: crl-12188
      author: Veaner, Allen B.
       title: The Application of Computers to Library Technical Processing
        date: 1970-01-01
       words: 4054
      flesch: 56
     summary: Computer experts, now facing the problem of structuring and maintaining complex files , and deal- ing with a wide span of graphic output characters, have begun to appreciate the data management complexities inherent in bibliographic data. Is not the day long gone when we can justify a host of alternatives to centrally produced bibliographic data?
    keywords: bibliographic; data; libraries; library; processing; technical
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12188.pdf
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        item: #1281 of 5668
          id: crl-12189
      author: Davis, Donald G.
       title: Problems in the Life of a University Librarian: Thomas James, 1600-1620
        date: 1970-01-01
       words: 4657
      flesch: 70
     summary: Thomas Bodley and Thomas James. The achievements of his librarian, Thomas James (1573- 1629 ), have been less celebrated but are possibly equal in importance to those of Bodley.
    keywords: bodleian; bodley; james; library; thomas
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12189.pdf
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        item: #1282 of 5668
          id: crl-12190
      author: Ready, William
       title: Bibliocentre: An Essay in Central Processing at College level
        date: 1970-01-01
       words: 2808
      flesch: 68
     summary: The new business manager of the uni- versity library received his introduction to the intricacies of university library administration by driving a truck to Bar- rie by way of Peterborough, Belleville, and Kingston, to deliver college books. Agencies had already been set up for such operations in Britain, had served college library systems be- fore, and there was no time for explora- tory deals while this basic library was being established.
    keywords: books; college; mcmaster
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12190.pdf
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        item: #1283 of 5668
          id: crl-12191
      author: McNiff, Philip ].
       title: Book Pirating in Taiwan (Book Review)
        date: 1970-01-01
       words: 605
      flesch: 73
     summary: The ever-in- creasing hordes of students needed books; book prices were high; reprinting seemed to be as kindly as it was unauthorized. During the 1950s it became apparent that far more than trans- lations into Chinese were being printed; furthermore, the books were being pub- lished not only for students in Taiwan but for other centers like Hong Kong and Macao, and finally for sale in the States.
    keywords: book
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12191.pdf
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        item: #1284 of 5668
          id: crl-12193
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1970-01-01
       words: 2006
      flesch: 65
     summary: A University Microfilms representa- tive informed me in a telephone conversa- tion shortly after publication of my paper that University Microfilms had set up a depository for American dissertations on microfilm in England. The Committee studied many ways of solving this problem and finally ap- proached University Microfilms to expand its Microfilm Abstracts to provide central bibliographic control with abstracts.
    keywords: system; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12193.pdf
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        item: #1285 of 5668
          id: crl-12194
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Books Received; Abstracts
        date: 1970-01-01
       words: 3647
      flesch: 64
     summary: They attempt to assist librarians to recognize and develop their audiovisual responsibilities and to incorporate the new- er media within the traditional concepts of library service, and should not be consid- ered an accrediting measurement. The function of this center is to provide library technical processing service to the participating libraries.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; press; report; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12194.pdf
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        item: #1286 of 5668
          id: crl-12196
      author: Massman, Virgil F.; Patterson, Kelly
       title: A Minimum Budget for Current Acquisitions
        date: 1970-03-01
       words: 2830
      flesch: 48
     summary: FOR MANY YEARS library administrators and acquisitions librarians have been concerned about arriving at basic cost figures for book budgets. The 1959 ACRL Standards for Col- lege Libraries' skirt the central issues of collection size and book budget.
    keywords: american; books; college; library; review
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12196.pdf
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        item: #1287 of 5668
          id: crl-12197
      author: Shaw, Ralph R.
       title: CATCALL
        date: 1970-03-01
       words: 4455
      flesch: 66
     summary: If standard book numbers were assigned for libraries only, jobbers and booksellers would have to follow suit if they wanted any library business. It is simply that there has not been any sense of urgency about getting all pub- lishers in the United States to assign SBN s to their books in print or to set up a standardized customer number for all libraries, and book jobbers, and book- \ 94 I College & Research Libraries • March 1970 sellers.
    keywords: book; libraries; library; sbn
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12197.pdf
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        item: #1288 of 5668
          id: crl-12198
      author: Wilson, Logan
       title: Library Roles in American Higher Education
        date: 1970-03-01
       words: 3924
      flesch: 55
     summary: This period saw the rise of American pub- lic, college, and university libraries from the base of the subscription library. With the growing emphasis on independent student learning, and the declining stress on classroom lecturing and text- book m emorization, the modern col- lege or university library is no less im- portant than the classroom and the lab- oratory as a place where learning is dis- seminated and advanced.
    keywords: books; education; librarian; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12198.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12198.txt

        item: #1289 of 5668
          id: crl-12200
      author: Lewis, Alfred J.
       title: The Use of an Automatic Answering Service in Research Libraries
        date: 1970-03-01
       words: 789
      flesch: 62
     summary: The answering service can accept inquiries on such matters as reference questions, location of materi- als, library holdings, requests to deliver books (paging service), and such mis- cellaneous items as futur e hours of the library, information regarding personnel on the staff and faculty , why the flags are flying at half-mast, and other in- formation desk type questions. Research libraries perform a desirable service by making the collection and the study facilities available during such an extensive pe- riod, but there is also a way of extend- ing professional personnel services at a very low cost during odd hours.
    keywords: service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12200.pdf
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        item: #1290 of 5668
          id: crl-12205
      author: Foyle, James
       title: The Government and Control of Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1970-03-01
       words: 1370
      flesch: 51
     summary: In a final chapter the committee lists pri­ ority recommendations for the period un­ til 1972 with regard to legislation and or­ ganization, library education and the status of library personnel, together with a reca­ pitulation of the most important topics for further study. the research function of libraries and li­ brarians, and centralization vs. decentrali­ zation arguments.
    keywords: catalog; chapter; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12205.pdf
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        item: #1291 of 5668
          id: crl-12207
      author: Ellsworth, Ralph E.
       title: Directory of Library Consultants (Book Review)
        date: 1970-03-01
       words: 1261
      flesch: 56
     summary: The major needs identified are ( 1) publicity on the impor- tance of libraries, ( 2) cooperation among existing libraries of all types, ( 3) estab- lishing long-range goals for the libraries The growth in the title is dealt with in terms of the fact that libraries tend to grow at an exponential rate.
    keywords: catalog; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12207.pdf
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        item: #1292 of 5668
          id: crl-12208
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1970-03-01
       words: 476
      flesch: 64
     summary: College and Research Libraries To the Editor: The article, Three Early Academic Li- brary Surveys, by Norman D. Stevens in the N ovem her issue provides an interest- ing and useful footnote to academic li- brary history, and Mr. Stevens is to be congratulated for having dug out two un- published surveys which antedate the sem- inal one of the University of Georgia Li- brary in 1938. More likely, perhaps, is the existence of one in the files of the presi- dent's office at the College.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12208.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12208.txt

        item: #1293 of 5668
          id: crl-12209
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts
        date: 1970-03-01
       words: 3529
      flesch: 52
     summary: The report begins with a consideration of the region as an environ- ment for public library service, followed by a detailed assessment of the thirty- five public libraries. The study indicated that union catalogs for library systems will not be of much practical value in interlibrary loan services and that money and effort can be better expended in other directions.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; services; state; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12209.pdf
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        item: #1294 of 5668
          id: crl-12210
      author: Hiatt, Peter
       title: Editorial
        date: 1970-05-01
       words: 658
      flesch: 57
     summary: *Duplicates of items already in library collections may be returned for credit within six months after receipt of shipment. Perhaps they see no role for their library in solving social problems.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12210.pdf
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        item: #1295 of 5668
          id: crl-12211
      author: Rouse, Roscoe
       title: Automation Stops Here: A Case for Man-Made Book Collections
        date: 1970-05-01
       words: 4593
      flesch: 63
     summary: In correspondence and by telephone conversation with the librari- an I received a response which was in good humor but very positively and em- phatically stated: the library now em- ploys and expects to continue to employ the manual, individual, and personal form of book selection, all done by mem- bers of the library staff and faculty. Book selection is neither.
    keywords: books; libraries; library; plan; selection
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12211.pdf
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        item: #1296 of 5668
          id: crl-12212
      author: Schad, Jasper G.
       title: Allocating Book Funds: Control or Planning?
        date: 1970-05-01
       words: 2824
      flesch: 53
     summary: Because educational goals determine library needs, librarians must be involved in campus-wide plan- ning. The appropriate level for each part of the collection can be established only after careful analysis of every significant factor bearing on library needs.
    keywords: collection; funds; needs
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12212.pdf
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        item: #1297 of 5668
          id: crl-12213
      author: Conger, Lucinda
       title: The Annex Library of Princeton University: The Development of a Compact Storage Library
        date: 1970-05-01
       words: 4873
      flesch: 63
     summary: A smaller stamp, ANNEX, is stamped on the circulation cards, in order to distinguish the normal- ly circulating Annex book from other books which circulate for different peri- ods of time. Annex books circulate to any authorized borrower regardless of status for the du- ration of the academic year.
    keywords: annex; books; library; size; storage
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12213.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12213.txt

        item: #1298 of 5668
          id: crl-12214
      author: Kaplan, Louis
       title: Information Retrieval From the Management Point of View
        date: 1970-05-01
       words: 2600
      flesch: 56
     summary: Using SMART methods Salton came to the conclusion that, Fully automatic text analysis and search systems do not appear to produce a retrieval performance which is inferior to that obtained by conventional systems using manual document indexing and manual search formulations. At Western Reserve, the num her of indexing terms extracted from the full text ranged from thirty-six to forty, while twenty-three to thirty were taken from the abstracts.
    keywords: indexing; recall; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12214.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12214.txt

        item: #1299 of 5668
          id: crl-12215
      author: Pings, Vern M.
       title: The Library as a Social Agency, Response to Social Change
        date: 1970-05-01
       words: 6488
      flesch: 56
     summary: With this view of social agency structure, almost the only way an organization can be changed is to bring in new people and let the old ones go. The Library as a Social Agency, Response to Social Change Libraries, as other social agencies, must study and evaluate their effec- tiveness and seek to improve their methods for achieving the external objectives for which they were created.
    keywords: agencies; change; libraries; library; objectives; social; society
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12215.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12215.txt

        item: #1300 of 5668
          id: crl-12216
      author: Josey, E. J.; Scott, John E.; Smith, John B.; Quick, Richard C.; Heintz, Edward C.; Elser, George C.
       title: Community Use of Junior College Libraries, A Symposium - Use of Library Materials by Outsiders; Circulation of Library Materials to Outside Borrowers; Policy Statement and Extent of Service to the Community; The Outside Borrower-What Limits?; Controls and Interlibrary Loans; The Number of Outsiders and the Materials Borrowed; Publicly and Privately Supported Institutions; Institutional Characteristics of Junior Colleges Participating in the Survey; Significance of the Findings to Junoir College Libraries
        date: 1970-05-01
       words: 7780
      flesch: 58
     summary: In his investigation of the conditions under which unaffiliated users may use junior college libraries, Quick reported that more than 80 percent do not charge a fee for the use of library materials. Outsiders made their great- est use of junior college libraries by using books in the library.
    keywords: college; community; libraries; library; percent; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12216.pdf
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        item: #1301 of 5668
          id: crl-12219
      author: Hacker, Lois 
       title: Cataloging U.S.A.
        date: 1970-05-01
       words: 1458
      flesch: 65
     summary: On the other hand, system analysis and design is a time­ less topic. Library Automation; a State of the Art Review.
    keywords: automation; classification; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12219.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12219.txt

        item: #1302 of 5668
          id: crl-12220
      author: Perreault, , J. M.
       title: Prolegomena to Library Classification (Book Review)
        date: 1970-05-01
       words: 1381
      flesch: 74
     summary: This is an impor- tant book, intelligently done; if it emerges as a kind of epitaph to cataloging theory as we have known it, perhaps machines will someday release us and give us a chance at theories again.-Lois Hacker, Cornell University Libraries. Prolegomena to Library Classification.
    keywords: new; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12220.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12220.txt

        item: #1303 of 5668
          id: crl-12222
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Books Received; Abstracts
        date: 1970-05-01
       words: 3413
      flesch: 60
     summary: Illinois University, Urbana: Library Research Center, 1969. 538p. After a detailed study of the reserve processing activities of the Columbia Uni- versity Library System, it was decided that an attempt to design a reserve system which would make the fullest use of com- puters would be undertaken.
    keywords: information; library; report; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12222.pdf
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        item: #1304 of 5668
          id: crl-12223
      author: Dougherty, Richard M.
       title: The Manpower What?
        date: 1970-07-01
       words: 673
      flesch: 59
     summary: RicHARD M. DouGHERTY In FoTthcoming Issues- Richard De Gennaro, Harvard University Libraries, on the Widener Li- brary shelflist conversion and publication program Gilbert Fairholm, New York State Division of the Budget, on library man- power budgeting Allen Veaner, Stanford University Libraries, on major decision points in automation Howard Clayton, University of Oklahoma, on femininity and job satisfaction among male library students Amy Doherty, on Black Studies Henry Voos, Rutgers University, on the information explosion Bob Carmack and Trudi Loeber, University of Nebraska Libraries, on the library reserve system What are some of the plus and minuses?
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12223.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12223.txt

        item: #1305 of 5668
          id: crl-12225
      author: Heinritz, Fred J.
       title: Quantitative Management in Libraries
        date: 1970-07-01
       words: 3824
      flesch: 59
     summary: that it is easier to develop time standards for clerical than profes- sional .-tasks. Even when time standards are impractical it may be possible to develop verifiable qualitative objectives and standards.
    keywords: libraries; library; management; quantitative; research; time
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12225.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12225.txt

        item: #1306 of 5668
          id: crl-12226
      author: Trueswell, Richard W.
       title: Article Use and Its Relationship to Individual User Satisfaction
        date: 1970-07-01
       words: 1673
      flesch: 68
     summary: User requests for Xerox copies of journal articles at the Air Force Cam- bridge Research Laboratory ( AFCRL) The extent of satisfaction of individual user requests would depend upon the number and variety of re- quests from each individual.
    keywords: percent; requests
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12226.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12226.txt

        item: #1307 of 5668
          id: crl-12228
      author: Aman, Mohammed M.
       title: Bibliographical Services in the Arab Countries
        date: 1970-07-01
       words: 6511
      flesch: 53
     summary: Very few government publications £nd their way to the depository libraries, and therefore many documents are missing from Arab national bibliographies. Publishing of printed cards and dis- tributing them to participating libraries of the Arab states would avoid the na- tional waste of hundreds of classifiers and catalogers processing the same title in hundreds of Arab libraries.
    keywords: arab; arabic; bibliographies; bibliography; libraries; library; national; publications
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12228.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12228.txt

        item: #1308 of 5668
          id: crl-12229
      author: Lewis, Ralph W.
       title: User's Reaction to Microfiche-A Preliminary Study
        date: 1970-07-01
       words: 4698
      flesch: 57
     summary: If they can be interpreted to ap- ply only to respondents, and not the whole population of library users (or users of microfiche in general) at the ESSA Research Laboratories, we must at least overcome the negative attitudes of forty-one of our users. The Boulder Laboratories library has depended heav- ily on technical report materials for many years from both DDC and NASA, and in both formats.
    keywords: library; materials; microfiche; technical; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12229.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12229.txt

        item: #1309 of 5668
          id: crl-12230
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1969-1970
        date: 1970-07-01
       words: 7069
      flesch: 60
     summary: A further section lists materials giving bibliographic access to reference works, with special chapters on guides to reference books, bibliographies of bibliographies, and bibliographies de- voted to individual topics. There are author and title indexes.
    keywords: author; bibliography; books; guide; index; libraries; new; research; subject; volume; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12230.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12230.txt

        item: #1310 of 5668
          id: crl-12237
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Books Received; Abstracts
        date: 1970-07-01
       words: 3304
      flesch: 65
     summary: Olympia: Washington State Library, 1969. California State Library: Processing Cen- ter Design and Specifications.
    keywords: center; library; press; state; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12237.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12237.txt

        item: #1311 of 5668
          id: crl-12238
      author: Heron, David W.
       title: Some Questions
        date: 1970-09-01
       words: 533
      flesch: 40
     summary: College and Research Libraries Som.e Questions One of the proposals of the Activities Committee on New Directions for ALA ( ACONDA) offers the possibility that the Association might become a federation of organizations with specialized interests under the umbrella of ALA offices responsible for general concerns and centralized services. Failure to recognize this principle and gear the reorganization of ALA to respond to this particular set of requirements would produce general mediocrity throughout the work of the Association.
    keywords: ala
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12238.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12238.txt

        item: #1312 of 5668
          id: crl-12239
      author: Veaner, Allen B.
       title: Major Decision Points in Library Automation
        date: 1970-09-01
       words: 8176
      flesch: 56
     summary: For library system develop- ment, I can cite one example. But un- like a telephone installation charge, the installation fees for computer periph- erals can never be one-time charges be·- cause computer systems are never static.
    keywords: applications; automation; change; computer; libraries; library; machine; research; system; time
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12239.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12239.txt

        item: #1313 of 5668
          id: crl-12241
      author: De Gennaro, Richard
       title: Harvard University's Widener Library Shelflist Conversion and Publication Program
        date: 1970-09-01
       words: 8758
      flesch: 76
     summary: Although Harvard shelflist entries are not as complete as full LC MARC II en- tries, the elements that are present can be tagged and put into the format , and those that are not can be left blank. The volumes are also used by book selectors in building collections as well as by inter-library loan staff, both at Harvard and in other libraries.
    keywords: aires; buenos; buenos aires; diaz; entries; library; machine; sal; shelflist; system; titles; volumes
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12241.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12241.txt

        item: #1314 of 5668
          id: crl-12242
      author: Fairholm, Gilbert W.
       title: Essentials of Library Manpower Budgeting
        date: 1970-09-01
       words: 4110
      flesch: 55
     summary: A unique joint effort at standard-set- Library Man power Budgeting I 333 ting for library staff has been conducted by the New York State Division of the Budget and the State University Sys- tem (SUNY). The functions of library staff (both professional and nonprofessional) that make up the busi- ness of librarianship were synthesized in this study and a listing was developed that represents the central nature of li- brary activity.
    keywords: characteristics; functions; libraries; library; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12242.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12242.txt

        item: #1315 of 5668
          id: crl-12244
      author: Young, Arthur P.
       title: Caxton and His World (Book Review)
        date: 1970-09-01
       words: 2053
      flesch: 58
     summary: In the fifth chapter he described The Federal Government's Part in library development, especially the es- tablishment of a statutory body with both responsibility and authority to effect appro- priate library services. The conceptualization of a rational plan for library development in a country, Dr. White argues logically, is pos- sible only as an integral segment of gen- eral national planning.
    keywords: blake; caxton; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12244.pdf
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        item: #1316 of 5668
          id: crl-12245
      author: Eastlick, John T.
       title: Library Science (Book Review)
        date: 1970-09-01
       words: 686
      flesch: 64
     summary: Ap- parently the purpose of this publication is to supplement instruction in the use of li- braries at various academic levels. The method by which it was compiled is logical-start with the shelflists of three outstanding junior col- lege libraries, winnow the best from these, and add significant new titles.
    keywords: college
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12245.pdf
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        item: #1317 of 5668
          id: crl-12248
      author: Heron, David W.
       title: Libraries and Cultural Change (Book Review)
        date: 1970-09-01
       words: 1393
      flesch: 57
     summary: Despite numerous criticisms that can be leveled at this work, the book provides a focal point for the issue of direct home de- livery of library materials.-John F. Ander- son, San Francisco Public Library. College and Research Libraries However, he concludes that ... perhaps librarians are not the ones who should de- velop and promote a new national system of library home delivery since he fears that libraries are too stable and conserva- tive institutions to undergo radical change.
    keywords: delivery; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12248.pdf
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        item: #1318 of 5668
          id: crl-12251
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1970-09-01
       words: 7959
      flesch: 64
     summary: If it is alphabetical, and no copy of the order slip accompanies the book on receipt, a bibliographic search from the title page would seem necessary, the same as that for approval books searched against the depository file. A daily examination of in- terlibrary loan requests from other libraries, and from Stanford to other libraries , to Letters I 343 identify important lacunae, has convinced this observer that prediction of faculty and student needs is indeed a dubious enter- prise.
    keywords: approval; book; libraries; library; points; selection; subject; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12251.pdf
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        item: #1319 of 5668
          id: crl-12252
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts
        date: 1970-09-01
       words: 2164
      flesch: 53
     summary: The Library Education Experimental Project ( LEEP) involved the establish- ment of a computer-based laboratory for library science students, utilizing the Li- brary of Congress MARC (Machine-Read- able Cataloging) magnetic tapes. This study of commuting student use of public libraries was confined to certain key public libraries in the New York coun- ties of Orange, Rockland, Sullivan and a section of Ulster.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12252.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12252.txt

        item: #1320 of 5668
          id: crl-12253
      author: Dougherty, Richard M.
       title: Networks and Bibliographic Standardization
        date: 1970-11-01
       words: 1033
      flesch: 58
     summary: Groups were established to explore these topics: network needs and development; net- work services; network technology; network organization; and network planning. At the conference on Interlibrary Communication and Information Networks held recently at Airlie House, a group of librarians, computerniks, and communi- cation experts gathered to review the state of the art of network development in the United States, to assess problems and prospects, and to provide a sense of direction to the eventual implementation of a national network system.
    keywords: library; network
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12253.pdf
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        item: #1321 of 5668
          id: crl-12255
      author: Clayton, Howard
       title: Femininity and Job Satisfaction Among Male Library Students at One Midwestern University
        date: 1970-11-01
       words: 5867
      flesch: 65
     summary: This can be done through an item analysis of all 480 questions in the C.P.I., a technique that will tell which items were answered true by library students more often than is normally expected, and which points were ' answered false more often than usual. When put to a t test, such a difference proves to be statistically significant at the .01 level of probability, all of which indi- cates that in comparison to the norm, this group of library students tends to- ward that end of the scale which is known for gentleness and appreciative- ness, rather than ambition, activity, and innovation.
    keywords: femininity; library; satisfaction; scale; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12255.pdf
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        item: #1322 of 5668
          id: crl-12256
      author: Burke, Redmond A.
       title: The Seperately Housed Undergraduate Library Versus the University Library
        date: 1970-11-01
       words: 2295
      flesch: 47
     summary: THE RATIONALE underlying the plan- ning of library facilities on a university campus requires some elaboration. Any librarian in preparing a program statement for new library facilities to serve the needs of both undergraduates, graduates, and an increasingly scholar- ship-conscious faculty, can only hope to make decisions that are valid.
    keywords: library; undergraduate; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12256.pdf
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        item: #1323 of 5668
          id: crl-12257
      author: Rzasa, Philip V.; Moriarty, John H.
       title: The Types and Needs of Academic Library Users: A Case Study of 6,568 Responses
        date: 1970-11-01
       words: 3711
      flesch: 61
     summary: It should be noted that the largest re- sponse category for faculty respondents was to do research for a publishable paper or book ( 21 percent), while more than 50 percent of the faculty came to do research for a publishable paper, read library material for self- improvement, or find and read ma- terial required for a course. The most common response of the graduate students indicated no second- ary reason ( 32 percent), while the three next most common responses were to find and read material required for a course, do homework with own books, and read library material for self-improvement.
    keywords: books; library; responses
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12257.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12257.txt

        item: #1324 of 5668
          id: crl-12258
      author: Holley, Edward G.
       title: Index to Festschriften in Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1970-11-01
       words: 1280
      flesch: 56
     summary: Nor will he find articles of a general bibliographical na- ture, such as Waldo Gifford Leland's French Sources of American History from the Putnam Festschrift, or Charles Eber- stadt's On Colorado Guidebooks of '59 from the Lydenberg Festschrift. The Coverage section states the purposes and special features of the publication; the Notes section indi- cates arrangement, changes of title and new titles for superseded works.
    keywords: danton; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12258.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12258.txt

        item: #1325 of 5668
          id: crl-12262
      author: Gittelsohn, Marc
       title: The Undergraduate Library (Book Review)
        date: 1970-11-01
       words: 1386
      flesch: 55
     summary: Similarly significant is the overall configuration and the domi- nant mission of total campus library service. Obviously a time for stocktaking is at hand: this year, undergraduate libraries were the top- ic of a major meeting at ALA in Detroit and even a separate summer institute in San Diego.
    keywords: libraries; library; undergraduate
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12262.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12262.txt

        item: #1326 of 5668
          id: crl-12264
      author: Goldhor, Herbert
       title: Reader in Research Methods for Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1970-11-01
       words: 682
      flesch: 65
     summary: There are several ap- pendices, including a long annotated Bib- liography of Social Science Research Meth- odology, a short Bibliography of Library Research (including Price's Little Science, Big Science), and a sample interview schedule, attitude survey form, and mail questionnaire. As a result, there is very little or nothing-anywhere in the book-on content analysis, preparation of questionnaires, interviewing (except for depth interviews in a disaster study proj- ect) , experimental design (other than three pages from a 1950 article), analysis of data, statistical methods (apart from one selec- tion on general principles), sampling, and other such topics.
    keywords: research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12264.pdf
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        item: #1327 of 5668
          id: crl-12267
      author: Malinowsky, H. Robert
       title: Physical Sciences (Book Review)
        date: 1970-11-01
       words: 707
      flesch: 63
     summary: After pub- lication of these, further discourses will be published in four series covering Medical Sciences, Social Sciences, Applied Sciences, and History and Philosophy of Science. For the history of science scholars, this collection of Friday Evening Discourses should prove to be a valuable source of information.
    keywords: sciences
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12267.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12267.txt

        item: #1328 of 5668
          id: crl-12268
      author: Ward, Dederick C.
       title: Tolkien Criticism-An Annotated Checklist (Book Review)
        date: 1970-11-01
       words: 1340
      flesch: 67
     summary: Richard West compiles the writings and criticism of J. R. R. Tolkien, whose mete- oric rise in popularity in this country fol- lowed the paperback reprinting of his tril- ogy, Lord of the Rings, in 1965. Interest in J. R. R. Tolkien extends far beyond the characters and plot of the Rings trilogy, but there is little doubt that the trilogy has become the focal point for seri- ous discussion of the man and his works.
    keywords: sciences; tolkien; west
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12268.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12268.txt

        item: #1329 of 5668
          id: crl-12269
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1970-11-01
       words: 1318
      flesch: 56
     summary: iteration in College & Research Libraries, surely matbu•at (printed materials, books) could have been rendered only as matbu' at and not also as matbu at and matbu at. Although it makes no claim to cover cur- rent book production throughout the Mid- dle East or the Arab world, it is generally recognized as the single most complete and most current listing of significant titles pub- lished in the United Arab Republic, the world's largest producer of Arabic books.
    keywords: college; cost
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12269.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12269.txt

        item: #1330 of 5668
          id: crl-12270
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Books Received; Abstracts
        date: 1970-11-01
       words: 2862
      flesch: 70
     summary: Orders must include ED number and specification of format desired. Reproductions of 100 fact sheets re- ceived in response to a comprehensive sur- vey of known and suspected Selective Dis- semination of Information (SDI) systems are organized into operational, pilot, and planned systems.
    keywords: library; metuchen; n.j; press; scarecrow
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12270.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12270.txt

        item: #1331 of 5668
          id: crl-12271
      author: Webb, William H.
       title: The Greening of the Library
        date: 1971-01-01
       words: 781
      flesch: 69
     summary: The new spirit suggests that the purpose of the librarian is to help explain (with all the tools available) mankind to man and each man to himself. Just as the little old librarian of recent memory w as written off because she could neither comprehend nor accept computer ma- nipulation of library problems, so the modern academic librarian is in imminent peril of being ignored by the new spirit on the campus.
    keywords: new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12271.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12271.txt

        item: #1332 of 5668
          id: crl-12273
      author: Davis, Donna G.
       title: Security Problems in College and University Libraries: Student Violence
        date: 1971-01-01
       words: 3985
      flesch: 65
     summary: Wayne State Library Struck by Arson- ist, Library Journal . Blacks Rough Up Books at Brandeis Library, Library Journal 94:704 (Feb- ruary 15, 1969).
    keywords: college; fire; library; student; university; violence
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12273.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12273.txt

        item: #1333 of 5668
          id: crl-12274
      author: Irvine, Betty Jo
       title: Slide Classification: A Historical Survey
        date: 1971-01-01
       words: 4902
      flesch: 55
     summary: The historical background of slide collections is treated, with biblio- graphic references. The major portion of the paper reports and ana- lyzes some of the data derived from a 1968 questionnaire directed to institutions having slide collections.
    keywords: art; classification; collections; libraries; percent; slide; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12274.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12274.txt

        item: #1334 of 5668
          id: crl-12276
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1969-70
        date: 1971-01-01
       words: 5993
      flesch: 62
     summary: The work is divided according to form, such as bib- liographies, published catalogs, and gener- al statistics, and by subject; it is then sub- divided into general works and works per- taining to a particular country. A final section deals with individual literary figures, presenting lists of critical works on 43 authors; the criteria for selection were qualitative.
    keywords: author; bibliography; books; general; guide; index; libraries; reference; research; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12276.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12276.txt

        item: #1335 of 5668
          id: crl-12277
      author: Reichmann, Felix
       title: East Central Europe; A Guide to Basic Publications (Book Review)
        date: 1971-01-01
       words: 1894
      flesch: 60
     summary: Pr., 1963); Werner Feld, Reunification and West German-So- viet Relations (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1963); Gerald Freund, Germany Between Two Worlds (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1961); Peter Lust, Two Germanies (Mon- treal: Harvest House, 1966) ; Nor bert M uh- len, The Return of Germany: A Tale of Two Countries (Chicago: Regnery, 1953); Franz von Nesselrode, Germany's Other Half: A Journalist's Appraisal of East Ger- many (London: Abelard-Schuman, 1963); Joachim Peck, Die V olkerrechtssubjektivitiit deT Deutschen Demokratischen Republik ( Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1960) ; David Rodnick, Postwar Germans (New Haven: Yale Univ. Ks. Waclaw Kruszka, Historja Polska w Ameryce (Milwaukee: Kuryer Publishing Co., 1937); Rom Lan- dau, Ignace Paderewski Musician and Statesman (New York: Crowell, 1934); Jerzy Jan Lerski, A Polish Chapter in Jack- sonian America (Madison: Univ.
    keywords: germany; libraries; new; univ; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12277.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12277.txt

        item: #1336 of 5668
          id: crl-12278
      author: Powell, Lawrence Clark
       title: California Local History: A Bibliography and Union List of Library Holdings (Book Review)
        date: 1971-01-01
       words: 2136
      flesch: 65
     summary: the work should not be tak- en as a bible of California local history. California Local History: A Bibliography and Union List of Library Holdings.
    keywords: california; libraries; library; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12278.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12278.txt

        item: #1337 of 5668
          id: crl-12280
      author: Kraus, Joe W.
       title: The Economics of Book Storage in College and University Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1971-01-01
       words: 1412
      flesch: 65
     summary: The cost per vol- ume (excluding recordkeeping, selecting, moving, and land costs this time) ranges from $1.42 per volume for the Randtriever adapted to standard book stacks to $.49 for the Yale system. It has become obligatory to close a re- view with a comment on the typographic crudities of Scarecrow Press books.
    keywords: books; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12280.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12280.txt

        item: #1338 of 5668
          id: crl-12283
      author: Mills, James Cobb
       title: A Bibliography of Works in English on Early Russian History to 1800 (Book Review)
        date: 1971-01-01
       words: 1427
      flesch: 63
     summary: After an introduc- tion and general chapter on interlibrary dis- tribution, the material is arranged by spe- cific problem areas : the readers who re- quest interlibrary loans; staffing or interli- brary loan services; photocopies in lieu of loans; restrictive lending policies; language, country, and publication dates of requests; bibliographic citations, their accuracy and verification; locating of items wanted; suc- cess of interlibrary loan requests; and the increasing volume of interlibrary loans. This publication in no way replaces Dr. Thomson's Interlibrary Loan Procedure Man-ual, which should be owned and an- notated by every in terlibrary loan unit in the country, but it gives forceful data for the necessity of some of the recommended procedures in that Manual.
    keywords: american; city; interlibrary
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12283.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12283.txt

        item: #1339 of 5668
          id: crl-12284
      author: Spence, Paul H.
       title: Nicknames and Sobriquets of U.S. Cities and States (Book Review)
        date: 1971-01-01
       words: 727
      flesch: 74
     summary: eral Studies Library, University of Ala- bama, Birmingham. rndex to American Little Magazines 1920- 1939. If we accept the maxim that half a loaf is better than none, it follows, perhaps, that a partial index such as Stephen Goode's In- dex to American Little Magazines 1920- 1939 is better than no index at all.
    keywords: city
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12284.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12284.txt

        item: #1340 of 5668
          id: crl-12285
      author: Edelstein, J. M.
       title: Index to American Little Magazines 1920-1939 (Book Review)
        date: 1971-01-01
       words: 2030
      flesch: 79
     summary: The period 1920-1939 was unquestion- ably, in Mr. Goode's words, part of the golden age of little magazines. But S 4 N, founded in 1919, and one of the most brilliant of all Ameri- can little magazines (which was combined in August of 1926 with the Modern Review and which because of the similarity of taste and interests became the ModernS 4 N Re- view) is not indexed.
    keywords: american; index; little; magazines
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12285.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12285.txt

        item: #1341 of 5668
          id: crl-12286
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1971-01-01
       words: 298
      flesch: 64
     summary: Followers of this topic will no doubt be interested to know that Mr. Radford has al- so discovered several college library surveys which, in fact, were done earlier than 1938: one in 1926; and others in 1931, 1932, 1934, 1936, and 1937; the last five by Ran- dall. In that letter, comment- ing on an article, Three Early Academic Library Surveys, by Norman D. Stevens in the November 1969 issue of CRL, I sug- gested that there was at least one survey of an American college library by an out- side expert earlier than the last two of the three of 1915, 1937, and 1938 which Mr. Stevens described.
    keywords: college
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12286.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12286.txt

        item: #1342 of 5668
          id: crl-12287
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts
        date: 1971-01-01
       words: 3712
      flesch: 66
     summary: Berkeley: Institute of Library Research, 1970. Following a discussion of the major trends in higher education, the response of academic libraries to these developments is considered, with particular attention to developments related to undergraduate li- braries, community college libraries, learn- ing resources centers, the independent study movement, the library-college move- ment, and library programs in experiment- al colleges.
    keywords: information; isbn; libraries; library; new; press
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12287.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12287.txt

        item: #1343 of 5668
          id: crl-12288
      author: Dougherty, Richard M.
       title: Can Academic Librarians Afford College & Research Libraries?
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 506
      flesch: 62
     summary: At the Budget Assembly meeting in Los Angeles the chairman of the ALA Publishing Board noted the present drain on ALA publishing funds to support divisional journals. The 1970-71 CRL approved budget anticipates an income of $7 4,- 525.00, derived from advertising, classified ads, subscriptions, reprint sales, and extra copy sales.
    keywords: ala
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12288.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12288.txt

        item: #1344 of 5668
          id: crl-12289
      author: Axford, H. William
       title: An Approach to Performance Budgeting at the Florida Atlantic University Library
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 8088
      flesch: 68
     summary: 2.57 2625.00 •• oo 2625.00 o ••• ..oo o.o o.o o.o 937.50 ••• 4.86 12000.00 Oo58 18·29 o.o o.o o.o 25JI.25 O.ll 3.86 2.57
    keywords: figure; florida; formula; libraries; library; o.o o.o; positions; state; system; total; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12289.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12289.txt

        item: #1345 of 5668
          id: crl-12290
      author: Carmack, Bob; Loeber, Trudi
       title: The Library Reserve System-Another Look
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 2420
      flesch: 64
     summary: Another Look In a detailed study of reserve book circulations at the University of Nebraska, the authors found that the percentage of titles never cir- culated rises rather sharply for course lists longer than twenty titles. the mammoth task of updating reserve lists and proc- Mr.. Carmack ~
    keywords: library; reserve; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12290.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12290.txt

        item: #1346 of 5668
          id: crl-12291
      author: Brazell, Troy V.
       title: Comparative Analysis: A Minimum Music Materials Budget for the University Library
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 4411
      flesch: 47
     summary: University of Music Library Laval Universite (Quebec) Music Library-School of Music New Mexico, University of Fine Arts Library Princeton University Phonograph Record Library Rochester, University of Music Library Texas Christian University Music Library-School of Fine Arts Tulane University Maxwell Music Library Washington University ( St. Louis) Gaylord Music Library Wichita State University Music Library-School of Music Universities with enrollments of 15,000 to 25,000 FTE students Boston University University Library Eastern Michigan University University Library Florida State University Warren D. Allen Music Library Fresno State College Music Library-Fresno State College Library Georgia, University of University Library Harvard University Music Library Houston, U Diversity of U Diversity Library Louisiana State University University Library Miami, University of Music Library Nebraska, University of University Library North Carolina, University of Music Library North Texas State University Music Library Northern Illinois University Swen Franklin Parson Library Northwestern University Music Library Pittsburgh, University of Music Library Queens College (CUNY) Music Library Tennessee, University of Music Library-Dept. of Music Utah, University of University Library Western Michigan University Music Library Universities with enrollments of more than 25,000 FTE students California State College (Long Beach) TABLE 1 Universities with enrollments under 15,000 FTE students Arkansas, University of AudioVisual Area Butler University Music Library Case Western Reserve University Music House Library Catholic University of America Music Library Hartford,
    keywords: library; mean; music; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12291.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12291.txt

        item: #1347 of 5668
          id: crl-12293
      author: Ottersen, Signe
       title: A Bibliography on Standards for Evaluating Libraries
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 10247
      flesch: 58
     summary: Chiefly an introduction to a discussion of the Standards for College Libraries and Standards for Junior College Libraries. Hirsch, Rudolph. Lyle, Guy R. The Administration of the College Library.
    keywords: association; book; collection; college; college library; libraries; library; research; research libraries; standards; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12293.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12293.txt

        item: #1348 of 5668
          id: crl-12294
      author: DeHart, Florence E.
       title: Management and Costs of Technical Processes: A Bibliographical Review, 1876-1969 (Book Review)
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 1219
      flesch: 50
     summary: In the left margin, under group number, notation is made of the state or states most prominent in that group. This bibliographical review of nearly one hundred years of technical processing lit- erature is a very useful reference tool for the librarian and library science student engaged in selecting and evaluating man- agement and cost techniques.
    keywords: collection; southern
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12294.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12294.txt

        item: #1349 of 5668
          id: crl-12295
      author: Blakely, Florence
       title: The Southern Historical Collection: A Guide to Manuscripts (Book Review)
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 1443
      flesch: 54
     summary: The Index of the Guide consists of 48 pages containing entries of four types: Names of manuscript groups (in bold type); persons; places; and subjects. In the left margin, under group number, notation is made of the state or states most prominent in that group.
    keywords: collection; historical; southern
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12295.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12295.txt

        item: #1350 of 5668
          id: crl-12299
      author: Cartwright, Kelley L.
       title: Systems Analysis of a University Library; Final Report on a Research Project (Book Review)
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 1401
      flesch: 60
     summary: Another section develops mathe- matical models of acquisitions policies for libraries that are part of a hierarchy of li- braries consisting of personal libraries, de- partmental libraries, university libraries, and a national library. The application of operations-research techniques to libraries is a recent phenome- non, and most library administrators prob- ably shudder at the sight of equations pur- porting to represent the behavior of some part of their library system.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12299.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12299.txt

        item: #1351 of 5668
          id: crl-12300
      author: Voos, Henry
       title: The Subject Approach to Information (Book Review)
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 1240
      flesch: 65
     summary: American Library Association, 1970. 33p. Another section develops mathe- matical models of acquisitions policies for libraries that are part of a hierarchy of li- braries consisting of personal libraries, de- partmental libraries, university libraries, and a national library.
    keywords: association; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12300.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12300.txt

        item: #1352 of 5668
          id: crl-12301
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 1678
      flesch: 57
     summary: Then a study of femininity and job-satisfaction among male library students at one mid- western university would fall into its proper, incidental place. Letters Over the past two years, staff members have been working on a large-scale project aimed at improving access to needed books.
    keywords: library; loan; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12301.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12301.txt

        item: #1353 of 5668
          id: crl-12302
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 3576
      flesch: 67
     summary: The separate undergraduate library was originated to provide students with the same quality of library services as were available in a good liberal arts college li- brary. This report is composed of the fol- lowing tables: ( 1) number of units in li- brary collections and holdings per full-time equivalent student in college and universi- ty libraries, by institution; ( 2) operating expenditures of college and.
    keywords: information; isbn; libraries; library; new; university; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12302.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12302.txt

        item: #1354 of 5668
          id: crl-12303
      author: Dougherty, Richard M.
       title: Legislative Naiveté of Librarians
        date: 1971-05-01
       words: 655
      flesch: 60
     summary: On the contrary, most of them know very little about libraries-their operations, obj ectives and aspirations, or potential social contributions. As on e federal librarian acidly noted, name-calling will not advance the cause of libraries in the eyes of the ad- ministration.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12303.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12303.txt

        item: #1355 of 5668
          id: crl-12304
      author: Mason, Ellsworth
       title: The Great Gas Bubble Prick't; or, Computers Revealed-by a Gentleman of Quality
        date: 1971-05-01
       words: 8474
      flesch: 68
     summary: No one claimed to have saved any money doing anything by computer, and although the analysis of computer costs is, to be charitable, hair-raisingly casual, esti- mates of costs of doing by computer exactly the same things that had previ- ously been done manually were extreme- ly high (in one case, five times the cost). [William Locke, Computer Costs for Large Li- braries, Datamation (Feb. 1970), p.74.]
    keywords: campus; computer; computerization; costs; libraries; library; machine; money; operation; time
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12304.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12304.txt

        item: #1356 of 5668
          id: crl-12305
      author: Schmidt, C. James; Shaffer, Kay
       title: A Cooperative Interlibrary Loan Service for the State-Assisted University Libraries in Ohio
        date: 1971-05-01
       words: 3284
      flesch: 64
     summary: This paper describes the cooperatively funded reference and interli- brary loan service located at Ohio State University which serves the twelve state-assisted universities in Ohio. Kay Shaffer is IULC-RAILS librar- ian at Ohio State University. gional, and local interlibrary loan agree- ments is not much better.
    keywords: ohio; rails; requests; table
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12305.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12305.txt

        item: #1357 of 5668
          id: crl-12306
      author: Holmstrom, Engin I.; El-Khawas, Elaine
       title: An Overview of the First Four Years of the Title II-B Fellowship Program
        date: 1971-05-01
       words: 5309
      flesch: 60
     summary: The Title II-B program seems to have contributed to an improvement in the quality of stu- dents recruited into library programs. 2 Finally, our data on the undergradu- ate grade-point averages of students supported by the Title II-B program in- dicated that the quality of students now b eing recruited into library programs had somewhat improved due to the Ti- tle II-B program.
    keywords: program; students; title
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12306.pdf
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        item: #1358 of 5668
          id: crl-12308
      author: Zelkind, Irving; Sprug, Joseph
       title: Increased Control Through Decreased Controls: A Motivational Approach to a Library Circulation Problem
        date: 1971-05-01
       words: 1799
      flesch: 66
     summary: The number of books withdrawn without being checked out and the number of borrowers who admitted to this practice decline significantly. 222/ to withdrawing books without charging them out at the circulation desk.
    keywords: library; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12308.pdf
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        item: #1359 of 5668
          id: crl-12309
      author: Edelman, Hendrik
       title: International Conference on African Bibliography (Book Review)
        date: 1971-05-01
       words: 520
      flesch: 43
     summary: Other note- worthy papers deal with the problems of procurement of African materials-includ- ing a description of the efforts of the Li- brary of Congress-the need for the orga- nization of African archival collections, and the problems concerning African ephemera, microforms, and nonbook materials. In separate papers the state of the art is described for Nigeria, Uganda, Tanzania, South Africa, Senegal, Mali, and Madagascar.
    keywords: african
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12309.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12309.txt

        item: #1360 of 5668
          id: crl-12310
      author: Orne, Jerrold
       title: Problems in University Library Management (Book Review)
        date: 1971-05-01
       words: 1223
      flesch: 51
     summary: It was intended that the participants emerge with the ability to look at library problems as they exist now in the light of computers and MARC, rath- er than spring out with full-fledged oper- able computer systems. A third chapter is devoted to a series of detailed recommendations for improving the management of university libraries in each of the weak areas identified.
    keywords: african; university
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        item: #1361 of 5668
          id: crl-12311
      author: Painter, Ann F.
       title: U.K. MARC Project: Proceedings of a Seminar (March 1969) Organized by the Cataloguing and Indexing Group of the Library Association (Book Review)
        date: 1971-05-01
       words: 1419
      flesch: 59
     summary: They are short, con- cise, to the point, and substantive, not only in relation to MARC and its characteristics but also to general library problems, e.g.: the card catalog versus the book catalog; doing speedily what does not need to be done at .all; and the varying requirements of libraries. It was intended that the participants emerge with the ability to look at library problems as they exist now in the light of computers and MARC, rath- er than spring out with full-fledged oper- able computer systems.
    keywords: library; marc
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        item: #1362 of 5668
          id: crl-12312
      author: Eaton, Nancy L.
       title: Introduction to Cataloging. Vol. 1: Descriptive Cataloging and an Overview of Catalogs and Cataloging (Book Review)
        date: 1971-05-01
       words: 1401
      flesch: 59
     summary: They are short, con- cise, to the point, and substantive, not only in relation to MARC and its characteristics but also to general library problems, e.g.: the card catalog versus the book catalog; doing speedily what does not need to be done at .all; and the varying requirements of libraries. why MARC?; rules for alphabetical filing by computer; MARC in a special library en- vironment, MARC in the current scene; MARC and the future in libraries; MARC and the National Bibliography.
    keywords: cataloging; marc; text
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        item: #1363 of 5668
          id: crl-12315
      author: Burns,  Robert W.
       title: System Scope for Library Automation and Generalized Information Storage and Retrieval at Stanford University (Book Review)
        date: 1971-05-01
       words: 2092
      flesch: 69
     summary: Although library automation must of necessity be intimately associated with sys- tems work, systems work per se does not necessarily imply library automation. The project involving library automation is known by the acro- nym BALLOTS (Bibliographic Automa- tion of Large Library Operations on a Time-sharing System) .
    keywords: isbn; library; report; systems
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        item: #1364 of 5668
          id: crl-12316
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1971-05-01
       words: 1343
      flesch: 66
     summary: Charles Reich's (The Greening of Amer- ica) Consciousness III people may hold new insights into the relationships that ex- ist between people, but by denying the accumulated knowledge of Consciousness I and II people, the III's have entered a blind alley leading back to Consciousness I, for the corporate state (and its attendant accomplishments and failures) did not ap- pear by magic nor through evil intent. Therefore, while it is ap- propriate to develop library services to meet the particular needs of Conscious- ness III people, the groundwork for the succeeding levels must be laid at the same time.
    keywords: library; people
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        item: #1365 of 5668
          id: crl-12317
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts
        date: 1971-05-01
       words: 4205
      flesch: 57
     summary: The plan has four main objectives: ( 1) to promote in- creased sharing of resources by libraries; ( 2) to use modern technology in an ap- propriate and economical manner to fa- cilitate the distribution of information; ( 3) to equalize the availability of library ma- terials; and ( 4) to create a comprehensive base of library and information materials with a minimum of duplication and proc- essing. The delegates of the Conference approved an eleven- page questionnaire which was sent to ev- ery public, research, and university library to gather additional information.
    keywords: available; information; isbn; libraries; library; research; university
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        item: #1366 of 5668
          id: crl-12318
      author: Edmonds, Anne C.
       title: Railroad Tracks and Alphabet Soup
        date: 1971-07-01
       words: 689
      flesch: 50
     summary: Reorganization, of course, is in the minds of all of us and, as ACRL's officers see it, there are three alternatives: Complete separation from ALA; or one of the two forms of organization proposed by ACONDA-type of libraries vs. type of activities. The ACRL Board has gone on record as favoring federation by type of library.
    keywords: acrl
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        item: #1367 of 5668
          id: crl-12319
      author: Massman, Virgil F.; Olson, David R.
       title: Book Selection: A National Plan for Small Academic Libraries
        date: 1971-07-01
       words: 5100
      flesch: 63
     summary: Broken down by category, it might run something like this: Selection: twenty comple- mentary subject specialists at an average of $15,000 per annum $300,000 Cataloging: one profession- al (should be on the same level as the subject special- ist and his salary could be averaged with that group) $ 15,000 Catalog card sets, including labor and machine costs: $.10 per set for 200 copies of 5,000 titles or a total of 1,000,000 sets $100,000 Processing including all la- bor: $.25 per book for spine labeling, circulation cards, book pockets, match- ing cards with books, etc. $250,000 Administration $ 35,000 Warehouse and equipment: $3,000,000 amortized over twenty years $150,000 TOTAL $850,000 Assuming the .average price of books to be $10.00 per title and an average dis- count of 10 percent per title when pur- chasing. In discussing the advantages and shortcomings of blanket order plans, comparatively little attention has been paid to the deficiencies of the current system of reviewing new books.
    keywords: book; libraries; library; processing; selection
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        item: #1368 of 5668
          id: crl-12321
      author: Marron, Harvey; Sullivan, Patricia
       title: Information Dissemination in Education: A Status Report
        date: 1971-07-01
       words: 4647
      flesch: 53
     summary: This article provides such a survey, and hopefully, will stimulate the use and further expansion of similar efforts in other fields of education. The extent of the book literature in the field of education is difficult to esti- mate.
    keywords: available; education; information; literature; research; services; year
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        item: #1369 of 5668
          id: crl-12322
      author: Burns, Robert W.
       title: A Generalized Methodology for Library Systems Analysis
        date: 1971-07-01
       words: 5089
      flesch: 62
     summary: A Generalized Methodology for Library Systems Analysis THIS ARTICLE IS DIRECfED toward the novice in systems work. systems work are con- stantly confronted.
    keywords: analysis; analyst; goals; library; systems; work
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        item: #1370 of 5668
          id: crl-12324
      author: Kaser, David
       title: Books in Singapore; a Survey of Publishing, Printing, Bookselling, and Library Activity in the Republic of Singapore (Book Review)
        date: 1971-07-01
       words: 1311
      flesch: 62
     summary: Although it may be a matter of relativity, when one turns to the introduction (five pages long) , the reader is given four rea- sons: (1) The increased quantity and so- phistication of the demands of library users (twenty-four lines); ( 2) The substantial increases in library book funds (fourteen lines); ( 3) The increase in interinstitution- al cooperation (twenty lines) ; and ( 4) The shortage of professional librarians (six lines). (The University of Singapore library holds a half million volumes.)
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #1371 of 5668
          id: crl-12325
      author: Voos, Henry
       title: Library Systems Analysis Guidelines (Book Review)
        date: 1971-07-01
       words: 1424
      flesch: 58
     summary: The volume states that the necessity of studying and improving on-going systems is necessary in and of itself, and does not necessitate commitment to mechanized or computerized solutions, yet the trend that systems analysis studies will aid in justify- ing computerized or mechanized solutions is felt throughout the book. Many subjective statements are made which contradict the authors' contention of the precision inherent in systems studies.
    keywords: book; library; systems
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        item: #1372 of 5668
          id: crl-12326
      author: Jansen, Guenter A.
       title: Die Fachliteratur zum Buch- und Bibliothekswesen (Handbuch der technischen Documentation und Bibliographie Band 2) (Book Review)
        date: 1971-07-01
       words: 1423
      flesch: 61
     summary: In the past, material was divided into three groupings: book trade, librarian- ship, and book production. The work is bound to be 320 I College & Research Libraries • July 1971 useful for anyone engaged in research in librarianship or book publishing.
    keywords: book; desert; material
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        item: #1373 of 5668
          id: crl-12327
      author: Larson, A. Dean
       title: The Enduring Desert; a Descriptive Bibliography (Book Review)
        date: 1971-07-01
       words: 720
      flesch: 66
     summary: College and Research Libraries 320 I College & Research Libraries • July 1971 useful for anyone engaged in research in librarianship or book publishing. There is material here for a hundred monologs on desert history, folklore and traditions ....
    keywords: desert
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        item: #1374 of 5668
          id: crl-12328
      author: Hibbes, Jack E.
       title: The Plateglass Universities (Book Review)
        date: 1971-07-01
       words: 1448
      flesch: 63
     summary: Establishing university campuses is a fa- miliar activity in the United States; it has also been an academic preoccupation in Britain as discussed in this book. Traditionally, few university degrees were earned in Brit- ain, and in recent years efforts have been made to increase degrees by establishing new campuses and by grants to students.
    keywords: author; desert; library
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        item: #1375 of 5668
          id: crl-12331
      author: Hubbard, Willis M.
       title: Student Activism in American Higher Education (Book Review)
        date: 1971-07-01
       words: 1444
      flesch: 60
     summary: Josey has picked the cream of the crop of black librarians to reveal their ex- periences during their professional careers as librarians. Josey's book gives a cross-sectional view of the experiences of black librarians.
    keywords: black; librarians
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        item: #1376 of 5668
          id: crl-12332
      author: Forth, Stuart
       title: The Librarian Speaking: Interviews with University Librarians
        date: 1971-07-01
       words: 1399
      flesch: 69
     summary: Psycholog- ical and sociological studies dominate the second chapter, which investigates the causes of student activism. This monograph successfully gives the reader an overview of student activism and then proceeds to direct him in an informed manner to the major sources in the field.
    keywords: isbn; librarians; press
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        item: #1377 of 5668
          id: crl-12333
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1971-07-01
       words: 1189
      flesch: 63
     summary: The obviously significant factor, the number of holds on a book out in circulation, has been used for duplicate purchasing in small libraries from time immemorial. Elrod, as those who know his work can testify, is one of the fine minds in technical processes, one who ques- tions every aspect of everything.
    keywords: library; system
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        item: #1378 of 5668
          id: crl-12334
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts
        date: 1971-07-01
       words: 4712
      flesch: 70
     summary: The general results of this statistical sam- pling of book readership at a college library revealed that three times as many book readers were reading nonlibrary books as library books inside the library. They are equally realistic in recognizing the economic problems of high- er education, the development of changing educational concepts, the necessity of find- ing more sophisticated technological solu- tions to library problems, and .the need for a new kind of librarian, better trained, bet- ter educated, and more intimately involved in the whole educational process than we have had heretofore.
    keywords: inc; information; isbn; library; n.j; new; press; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12334.pdf
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        item: #1379 of 5668
          id: crl-12335
      author: Hershfield, Allan
       title: Library Service to Social Scientists
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 644
      flesch: 42
     summary: First, most social problems are so complex and so interrelated that true interdisciplinary research efforts must be undertaken to investi- gate and solve them. Social scientists tend, at best, to possess limited skills and knowledge about the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of information.
    keywords: social
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        item: #1380 of 5668
          id: crl-12336
      author: Eaton, Andrew J.
       title: Fund Raising for University Libraries
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 6733
      flesch: 60
     summary: Many university libraries have them, and some of them .are quite successful with membership reaching 500 or 600. Library fund raising must be a cooperative effort involving library staff, .de- velopment office personnel, faculty, president, trustees, and off- campus volunteers, and friends of the university.
    keywords: development; foundations; fund; libraries; library; raising; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12336.pdf
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        item: #1381 of 5668
          id: crl-12337
      author: Lubans, John
       title: Nonuse of an Academic Library
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 3215
      flesch: 70
     summary: For example, to ask and answer such questions as what can be done to im- prove the student's plight in not fully utilizing library resources?; what are the library needs of the student which are now unsatisfied?; and what are the neces- sary steps to arrive at student library use satisfaction? then they have no desire to learn library use.
    keywords: library; literature; student; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12337.pdf
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        item: #1382 of 5668
          id: crl-12338
      author: Axford, H. William
       title: The Economics of a Domestic Approval Plan
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 4478
      flesch: 66
     summary: All three have generated considerable amounts of impassioned rhetoric at pro- fessional gatherings and a corpus of polemical writing, but only a relatively small amount of research aimed at eval- uating how the Library of Congress Classification System, the computer, or approval plans have advanced or retard- ed the academic library's progress to- ward its stated educational objectives. 368 / libraries utilizing approval plans grows with each passing year as does the num- ber of firms offering them.
    keywords: approval; library; titles; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12338.pdf
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        item: #1383 of 5668
          id: crl-12340
      author: Mason, Ellsworth
       title: Library Lighting (Book Review)
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 640
      flesch: 59
     summary: No one in librarianship has searched longer or more assiduously for answers to good lighting than Keyes Metcalf, and ulti- mately, no one is more baffied by the whole question. The result is the calling to the bar for questioning a group of architects, engineers, and planning consultants, half of whom habitually perpetuate bad light- ing on their clients.
    keywords: lighting
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12340.pdf
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        item: #1384 of 5668
          id: crl-12341
      author: Line, Maurice B.
       title: Librarianship and Literature: Essays in Honour of Jack Pafford (Book Review)
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 1505
      flesch: 55
     summary: S. P. L. Filon's study of Library Coop- eration in Great Britain is less personal and summarizes in a very useful form the history of interlending mainly insofar as the National Central Library was concerned with it. The constant wavering between building up a central collection in the N a- tional Central Library and depending main- ly or entirely on the resources of public and other libraries, can be seen clearly as the crucial flaw in planning a lending library system for the country until recently.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #1385 of 5668
          id: crl-12342
      author: Stevens, Norman D.
       title: User-Requirements in Identifying Desired Works in a Large Library (Book Review)
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 1537
      flesch: 60
     summary: by date may be helpful; that more title-like entries would seem to be of value; that more should be done to acquire material prompt- ly and in anticipation of need and to notify users of books that are on order or on hand but not yet cataloged; and that strong con- sideration should be given to improved user orientation and user assistance. Can a study of this kind be of primary value in planning computerized tools without being substantially supplemented by other kinds of studies of user needs?
    keywords: library; user
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        item: #1386 of 5668
          id: crl-12343
      author: Williamson, W. L.
       title: The American College and American Culture. Socialization as a Function of Higher Education (Book Review)
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 1503
      flesch: 58
     summary: by date may be helpful; that more title-like entries would seem to be of value; that more should be done to acquire material prompt- ly and in anticipation of need and to notify users of books that are on order or on hand but not yet cataloged; and that strong con- sideration should be given to improved user orientation and user assistance. References at the end of each chapter are generous and well se- lected; they offer a starting point for litera- ture searches serving research or operations in virtually every phase of library activity.
    keywords: catalog; college; library
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        item: #1387 of 5668
          id: crl-12344
      author: Barry, James W.
       title: Handbook of Medical Library Practice (Book Review)
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 1428
      flesch: 53
     summary: Middle managers, as defined by Professor Plate's study, occupy positions in- volving direct supervision of four or more professional librarians, excluding directors, associate directors, and assistant directors. The purpose of the study was to define a composite professional personality profile of librarians in supervisory positions, not only to determine their own characteristics, but their attitudes toward library directors and their influence in affecting professional attitudes of personnel under their supervi- sian.
    keywords: libraries; library; medical
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        item: #1388 of 5668
          id: crl-12347
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 8353
      flesch: 62
     summary: All of which says that the decision to computerize library operations is aff~~ted by free computer time only in a negligible way. Someone to point out the cost problems of computer use and the pitfalls of automation has long been needed.
    keywords: ala; college; computer; crl; editor; libraries; library; mason; research
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        item: #1389 of 5668
          id: crl-12348
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 3840
      flesch: 64
     summary: Probabilistic conclusions sug- gest certain educational activities be under- taken: ( 1) There is no justification to cre- ate a postmasters program to teach basic library techniques and library schools must incorporate skill development within the curriculum or on-the-job training will have to be continued; ( 2) two justifications for internship programs require establishment of programs either to teach students the op- erations of large library systems with an ex- pectation of employment, or to teach stu- dents the application of theoretical knowl- edge in a working environment aimed to- ward a speciality; ( 3) management and planning tasks for libraries cannot be ade- quately taught in a one-year postmasters educational program; and ( 4) the distinc- tive feature of medical librarianship is its environment, and the librarian must com- prehend how biomedical information is generated and used and should attend con- ferences and seminars to gain this knowl- edge. Effec- tive means of increasing library use in- clude: ( 1) A better understanding of the information-seeking habits and needs of users; ( 2) the librarians should spend more time outside the library interacting in stu- dent-faculty affairs; ( 3) the role of the li- brary should touch all facets of the academ- ic community; ( 4) the development of problem-oriented libraTy training that uses audiovisual media ; ( 5) the training of stu- dent reference advisers to interact with stu- dents; and ( 6) the orientation of the li- brary to the users thus increasing the prob- ability that the library dynamic processes (question-asking, information-seeking, com- munication, display, and serendipitous dis- covery) will be successful within the con- text of the learning process.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; new; research; york
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        item: #1390 of 5668
          id: crl-12349
      author: Axford, H. William
       title: A Proposal for a National Institute of Library Science
        date: 1971-11-01
       words: 704
      flesch: 41
     summary: H. WILLIAM AXFORD University Librarian Arizona State University I refer to the fact that as yet we have not utilized the medium of television to preserve important aspects of the careers of a relatively small number of leaders of the profession who have played crucial roles in the development of library services at all levels over the past three to four decades.
    keywords: library
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        item: #1391 of 5668
          id: crl-12350
      author: Ralston, Anthony
       title: The Library Lobby
        date: 1971-11-01
       words: 3078
      flesch: 58
     summary: My general thesis is that relatively, if not absolutely, the value of much of university libraries is overrated and that, particularly in times of dwindling re- sources, the university library must no longer be considered sacrosanct, that its claims on the university budget need to be questioned as much or more than competing claims. THE THREE FACES OF uNIVERSITY LIBRARIES One of the barriers to appropriate perception of university libraries is its description as a general intellectual re- source for the entire university commu- nity.
    keywords: libraries; library; university
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        item: #1392 of 5668
          id: crl-12351
      author: Stone, Elizabeth W.
       title: Quest for Expertise: A Librarian's Responsibility
        date: 1971-11-01
       words: 5488
      flesch: 58
     summary: ( 1 ) reading professional literature in library science; ( 2) reading in their subject specialty; ( 3) attending library conventions or meetings; ( 4) recruiting for their profession; and ( 5) visiting other libraries. erature in library science (Rank 1 ) ; reading in their subject specialty (Rank 3); visiting other libraries (Rank 3); at- tendance at library conventions or meet- ings (Rank 4); and recruitment for the profession ( Rank 5) -exactly the same activities which they considered to be the most important for professional growth.
    keywords: librarians; library; professional; research; study; university
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        item: #1393 of 5668
          id: crl-12354
      author: Kirk, Thomas
       title: A Comparison of Two Methods of Library instruction for Students in Introductory Biology
        date: 1971-11-01
       words: 5385
      flesch: 64
     summary: The evaluations considered are stu- dentl ability to collect a satisfactory bibliography, scores on two ob- jective exams on library skills, and studentl attitudes toward the li- brary instruction program. 1 • 2 Without library skills, a person is likely to use and reuse only a minimum number of library resources.
    keywords: exercise; group; instruction; library; students; use
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        item: #1394 of 5668
          id: crl-12355
      author: Ellsworth, Dianne
       title: The Academic Library Looks at Union Lists
        date: 1971-11-01
       words: 2324
      flesch: 55
     summary: Because expenditure of staff time is an important factor in such participation, various kinds of union lists are examined in order to determine the most effective and least costly ways in which a library can have a list and attendant benefits for its own purpose, and also join in cooperative efforts. Three major developments have prompted such a discussion: ( 1) the proliferation of regional lists of serials; ( 2) the de- velopment of a program for a national serials data bank; and ( 3) the current state of computer t echnology as it re- lates to union lists.
    keywords: libraries; library; list
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12355.pdf
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        item: #1395 of 5668
          id: crl-12356
      author: Ladenson, Alex
       title: Cooperative Resources Development: A Report on a Shared Acquisitions and Retention System for METRO Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1971-11-01
       words: 1264
      flesch: 54
     summary: Issued in 1968 under the auspices of a governmental com- mittee, La Lecture Publique was a study of the state of French library service, and is to French libraries what the Public Li- brary Inquiry was to the American scene. Considering the paucity of materials on French libraries that have been published in English, this book is a useful entry into a rather embarrassing void.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12356.pdf
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        item: #1396 of 5668
          id: crl-12357
      author: Flanagan, Cathleen
       title: Libraries in France (Book Review)
        date: 1971-11-01
       words: 706
      flesch: 54
     summary: Issued in 1968 under the auspices of a governmental com- mittee, La Lecture Publique was a study of the state of French library service, and is to French libraries what the Public Li- brary Inquiry was to the American scene. Considering the paucity of materials on French libraries that have been published in English, this book is a useful entry into a rather embarrassing void.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12357.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12357.txt

        item: #1397 of 5668
          id: crl-12358
      author: Crawford, Miriam
       title: Scientific and Technological Documentation: Archival Evaluation and Processing of University Records Relating to Science and Technology (Book Review)
        date: 1971-11-01
       words: 1388
      flesch: 52
     summary: Issued in 1968 under the auspices of a governmental com- mittee, La Lecture Publique was a study of the state of French library service, and is to French libraries what the Public Li- brary Inquiry was to the American scene. The in- cluded citations were identified through a literature search of Library Literature, 1955-1968, several existing bibliographies on library cooperation covering the period 1940-1954, and an announcement which appeared in the major library journals re- questing descriptions of cooperative inter- library projects.
    keywords: libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12358.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12358.txt

        item: #1398 of 5668
          id: crl-12360
      author: Farley, John
       title: For the Government and People of this State: A History of the New York State Library (Book Review)
        date: 1971-11-01
       words: 1433
      flesch: 49
     summary: First, it provides, in somewhat lengthy detail, an account of the educational purposes, learn- ing-teaching concepts, and other pedagogi- cal methods that the colleges of advanced education must consider with regard to the development and use of appropriate library College and Research Libraries 486 I College & Research Libraries • November 1971 approach the references by author name, organization or cooperative project name, type of cooperative activity, or by group- ings of types of libraries involved in coop- erative projects.
    keywords: libraries; library; state
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        item: #1399 of 5668
          id: crl-12361
      author: Haro, Robert P.
       title: The Function of the Library in a College of Advanced Education (Book Review)
        date: 1971-11-01
       words: 701
      flesch: 47
     summary: Too often, and especially early in the planning stages, academic librarians in their zeal to establish new college or university libraries lose sight of the institution's pur- pose and goals, frequently because they are misinformed or function exclusive of them. First, it provides, in somewhat lengthy detail, an account of the educational purposes, learn- ing-teaching concepts, and other pedagogi- cal methods that the colleges of advanced education must consider with regard to the development and use of appropriate library
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12361.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12361.txt

        item: #1400 of 5668
          id: crl-12363
      author: Painter, Ann F.
       title: Reader in Library Services and the Computer (Book Review)
        date: 1971-11-01
       words: 1404
      flesch: 56
     summary: Afro-Americana: A Comprehensive Bib- liography of Resource Materials in the Ohio State University Libraries by or About Black Americans. Afm-Americana is a comprehensive (over 3,000 citations) guide to the collection on the Negro in the Ohio State University Li- braries.
    keywords: library; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12363.pdf
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        item: #1401 of 5668
          id: crl-12364
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1971-11-01
       words: 2606
      flesch: 60
     summary: To the Editor: Elizabeth A. Storch University of Buffalo Buffalo, New Y ark Corbin's contention, in defense of the computer (CRL 32:316, July 1971) that man being fallible, the machine must be fallible, supports rather than refutes Ma- son's argument against unqualified accept- ance of the computer for library use. It would probably be interesting but exasperating to try to define library use.
    keywords: corbin; libraries; library; mason
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12364.pdf
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        item: #1402 of 5668
          id: crl-12365
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts
        date: 1971-11-01
       words: 4532
      flesch: 64
     summary: Chicago: American Library Association, 1971. Stuart-Stubbs, B. Purchasing and Copying Practices at Canadian University Li- braries: Two Studies Performed for the Canadian Association of College and University Libraries Committee on Copy- right L egislation.
    keywords: information; isbn; libraries; library; new; press; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12365.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12365.txt

        item: #1403 of 5668
          id: crl-12367
      author: McCaghy, Dawn; Purcell, Gary R.
       title: Faculty Use of Government Publications
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 3160
      flesch: 57
     summary: The findings in a survey of faculty use of government documents at Case Western Reserve University indicate ·how document users locate the materials they need, the users' familiarity with standard indexes to public docu- ments, the age of government publications most frequently consult- ed, and other patterns of use. A survey conducted in 1969 h)[ Sally Bradshaw and Anne Blankenship of Weber State College Li- brary in Ogden, Utah found that docu- ment depositories continue to be as di- versified in their approaches to organiz- ing documents collections as reported earlier by Eastin.
    keywords: documents; government; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12367.pdf
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        item: #1404 of 5668
          id: crl-12370
      author: Hewitt, Joe A.
       title: Sample Audit of Cards from a University Library Catalog
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 1844
      flesch: 59
     summary: ANY LARGE CARD CATALOG will contain a certain number of errors, conflicts, mutilated cards, and examples of obso- lete and misleading cataloging practices designed for the catalog when it was much smaller. However, a fairly reliable estimate of the rate of filing error in the catalog may well tum out to be the most valuable statistic pro- vided by the audit.
    keywords: cards; catalog; percent
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12370.pdf
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        item: #1405 of 5668
          id: crl-12371
      author: Jenks, George M.
       title: Book Selection: An Approach for Small and Medium-Sized Libraries
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 1556
      flesch: 64
     summary: In the area of current book selection our library receives books weekly on ap- proval. There are those who would take issue with this, but I think the problem is in the mechanics of par- ticular plans, not the principle.1 An ap- proval plan enables a library to acquire a large part of current book production for inspection, a very useful first step in book selection.
    keywords: book; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12371.pdf
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        item: #1406 of 5668
          id: crl-12372
      author: DeWeese, L. Carroll
       title: Status Concerns and Library Professionalism
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 4163
      flesch: 57
     summary: College and Research Libraries L. CARROLL DeWEESE Status Concerns and Library Professionalism In an exploratory study~ specific hypotheses concerning the rela- tionship between status concerns and professionalization of individual university librarians were tested. Status concerns are found to be an important socio-psychological determinant of professionalization.
    keywords: concerned; concerns; librarians; status
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12372.pdf
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        item: #1407 of 5668
          id: crl-12373
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1970-71
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 5372
      flesch: 61
     summary: In view of the author's distinguished career in reference work and bibliogra- phy, this work has been awaited with in- terest by instructors of reference courses: they will find much to applaud, as in the excellent review of statistical sources (including 1970 census data). Because contemporary reviews of American fiction for the period indicat- ed have not previously been accessible through standard reference works, this attempt to direct the researcher to just this type of secondary source material is welcome.
    keywords: books; guide; index; information; libraries; new; publications; reference; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12373.pdf
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        item: #1408 of 5668
          id: crl-12374
      author: Voos, Henry
       title: Handbook of Data Processing for Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 1416
      flesch: 62
     summary: For the system designer, it should be a summary of the state-of-the-art, serving as a bridge between library objectives and the technology. For example: Libraries are concerned with files of truly enor- mous magnitude.
    keywords: data; education
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12374.pdf
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        item: #1409 of 5668
          id: crl-12375
      author: Holley, Edward G.
       title: Any Person, Any Study: An Essay on Higher Education in the United States and Report on Higher Education, March, 1971 (Book Reviews)
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 2213
      flesch: 59
     summary: For Ashby, master of Clare College, Cambridge, and formerly vice-chancellor of Cambridge University, has challenged one of the basic premises of American higher education: that it should be. He answers on the first page of his chapter on Analysis (p.23): ... if en- rollments continue to rise and finance con- tinues to :Bow into higher education, will it be good enough simply to enlarge or multiply institutions without reconsidering their pattern, their curricula, their social purpose?
    keywords: academic; ashby; education; higher
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12375.pdf
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        item: #1410 of 5668
          id: crl-12376
      author: Webb, William Henry
       title: Tales of Melvil's Mouser; or Much Ado About Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 1493
      flesch: 66
     summary: What was it dear Miss B. had iterated?-that since all libraries have books, and since all people read books, therefore all libraries are at bottom the same. Perreault, Jean M. Toward a Theory for UDC: Essays Aimed at Structural Un- derstanding and Operational Improve- ment.
    keywords: essays; thotwon
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12376.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12376.txt

        item: #1411 of 5668
          id: crl-12377
      author: Wert, Lucille M.
       title: Toward a Theory for UDC: Essays Aimed at Structural Understanding and Operational Improvement (Book Review)
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 1446
      flesch: 58
     summary: Evaluative mea- sures used include: processing time lags, quality of the product, enterability or compatibility of the processing center prod- uct to previous processing, staffing patterns of member libraries, production considera- tions, and costs of processing. The reviewer was particularly pleased to see the following comment regarding processing time lags and member library complaints: In order to gain a true pic- ture of the additional delay incurred by dealing with a processing center, a library should first have a documented concept of the time it takes a book to clear its own technical processing depa1tment.
    keywords: library; processing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12377.pdf
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        item: #1412 of 5668
          id: crl-12379
      author: Reynolds, Maryan E.
       title: The Southwestern Library Association Project Report: ALA Chapter Relationships, National, Regional, and State (Book Review)
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 1479
      flesch: 59
     summary: I 61 of regional library associations, which sup- ports the idea that such an activity is inap- propriate at the regional level (this is not to imply fiscal support of national legisla- tive activity is inappropriate!). The re- viewer's interest arises from the fact that in 1972 PNLA plans to proceed with a se- ries of small regional meetings of the work- shop variety in several locations within its region.
    keywords: information; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12379.pdf
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        item: #1413 of 5668
          id: crl-12380
      author: Eaton, Edward A.
       title: Information, Mechanism and Meaning (Book Review)
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 772
      flesch: 63
     summary: When a message containing information is re- ceived, it results in a change in the indi- vidual's state of conditional readiness. The work does not provide a very good entry into the literature of information theory, since even the original references were not intended to be exhaustive.
    keywords: information
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12380.pdf
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        item: #1414 of 5668
          id: crl-12381
      author: Allen, Walter C.
       title: Library Lit.-The Best of 1970 (Book Review)
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 1543
      flesch: 66
     summary: A frequently used gam- bit in the preparation of such lists is a poll of authorities in a given field which yields a list of books most frequently mentioned by the authorities polled. The wide variation of choices for lists of influential books is due to the large number of works which have exerted some measure of influence on the public as well as to the differences in taste and background of the compilers.
    keywords: books; information; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12381.pdf
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        item: #1415 of 5668
          id: crl-12382
      author: Eyman, David H.
       title: Books that Changed America (Book Review)
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 1534
      flesch: 65
     summary: A frequently used gam- bit in the preparation of such lists is a poll of authorities in a given field which yields a list of books most frequently mentioned by the authorities polled. The wide variation of choices for lists of influential books is due to the large number of works which have exerted some measure of influence on the public as well as to the differences in taste and background of the compilers.
    keywords: argentine; books; downs
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12382.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12382.txt

        item: #1416 of 5668
          id: crl-12383
      author: Rodriquez-Buckingham, Antonio
       title: research Guide to Argentine Literature (Book Review)
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 1498
      flesch: 65
     summary: The first edition was a unique contribu- tion to the history of book illustration. One can- not fault Downs for his inclusions or omis- sions; the book is admittedly a subjective list, but one which reflects a wide acquaint- ance with works in the social sciences by a man quite close to the world of books.
    keywords: argentine; book; edition
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12383.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12383.txt

        item: #1417 of 5668
          id: crl-12386
      author: Crawford, Miriam I.
       title: A Guide to the Manuscripts in the Eleutherian Mills Historical Library: Accessions through the Year 1965
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 1431
      flesch: 65
     summary: The bulk of the manu- scripts date from the nineteenth century, with the chief emphasis on American eco- nomic history in the Middle Atlantic States, the natural result of Du Pont involvement with the business and industrial life of the young Republic. Printing, proof- reading, spelling, alphabetization, and ac- curacy of page references have been main- tained at a high level.
    keywords: collections; evans; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12386.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12386.txt

        item: #1418 of 5668
          id: crl-12387
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 3992
      flesch: 65
     summary: They have numerous volumes of standards, but none of them deal with libraries, library personnel, or anything to do with librarianship. Different con- ditions in the different libraries-lighting, available seating, air conditioning, demands of the curriculum, whether users are com- muters (Lubans mentions several more)- all might affect the magnitude of in- or out- of library use.
    keywords: ala; crl; libraries; library; management
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12387.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12387.txt

        item: #1419 of 5668
          id: crl-12388
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1972-01-01
       words: 5015
      flesch: 74
     summary: Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1971. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press, 1971.
    keywords: company; inc; isbn; library; new; press; university; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12388.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12388.txt

        item: #1420 of 5668
          id: crl-12389
      author: Dougherty, R. M.
       title: Clash
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 505
      flesch: 53
     summary: At the 1972 Midwinter Meeting, ALTA presented a request to the Executive Board to permit it to retain part of its oWn dues, and to act inde- pendently of ALA in matters on which the division was not in agree- ment with official ALA policy and pronouncements. While members can agree on ACONDA's broad principles of intel- lectual freedom or minorities' recruitment, we frequently bog down over specific priorities.
    keywords: ala
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12389.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12389.txt

        item: #1421 of 5668
          id: crl-12390
      author: Smith, Jessie Carney
       title: The Impact of Black Studies Programs on the Academic Library
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 5433
      flesch: 59
     summary: Kilson maintains that militant ad- vocates of black studies programs who refute the essentially interdisciplinary na- ture of black studies have little to con- tribute to the formal organization of these programs. It is impossible to predict where black studies will take us, for there is no common blueprint for developing and maintaining black studies programs . !
    keywords: american; black; libraries; man; programs; studies
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12390.pdf
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        item: #1422 of 5668
          id: crl-12391
      author: Haro, Robert P.
       title: Change in Academic Libraries
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 4123
      flesch: 47
     summary: One of the most popular methods is to recommend as a consultant a colleague who is the chief librarian at a large and prestigious aca- demic library and who has a similar ap- proach to the preservation of the tradi- tional concept of library service, organi- zation, and structure. College and Research Libraries ROBERT P. HARO Change in Academic Libraries Never noted for their tOillingness to accept innovative suggestions and implement change from outside sources, academic libraries have re- mained institutions in which changes in service policies and programs originate from internal sources only.
    keywords: academic; change; group; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12391.pdf
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        item: #1423 of 5668
          id: crl-12392
      author: Martell, Charles
       title: Administration: Why Way-Traditional Practice or Modern Theory?
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 4345
      flesch: 49
     summary: A new age, new organizations-essential. A number of recent studies have explained these failures primarily in terms of interpersonal barriers, and organizational structure.
    keywords: leadership; management; new; organization; structure; traditional
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12392.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12392.txt

        item: #1424 of 5668
          id: crl-12393
      author: Palais, Elliot S.
       title: The Publications of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 3175
      flesch: 61
     summary: For this reason, some of the old- er guides and bibliographies will not identify the reports by their serial num- ber, but by some combination of de- scriptive title, report number, or appen- dix number. Sectional List N urn her 17 lists all of the Royal Commission I 115 reports in serial number order.
    keywords: commission; historical; manuscripts; reports
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12393.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12393.txt

        item: #1425 of 5668
          id: crl-12395
      author: Hadidian, Dikran Y.
       title: Ernest Cushing Richardson 1860-1939
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 2662
      flesch: 58
     summary: by Emily Miller Danton (Chicago: Ameri- can Library Association, 1953), p.149. 12. In his letter to the prudential committee dated June 25, 1885, he wrote, To the best performance, I ~ave up all teaching during term time and other op- portunities for private work at a cash loss Ernest Cushing Richardson
    keywords: librarian; libraries; library; richardson
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12395.pdf
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        item: #1426 of 5668
          id: crl-12396
      author: McGee, Rob
       title: Key Factors of Circulation System Analysis and Design
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 5527
      flesch: 57
     summary: transactions be- tween the library and its users are cre- ated by combining user data, item data, and time data. Media (source records) and methods by which user data and item data may be initially presented to the system are indicated by Figures 3 and 4, which distinguish between the active participation of users in making their identifications, and the passive na- ture of items is being identified.
    keywords: c c; data; item; records; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12396.pdf
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        item: #1427 of 5668
          id: crl-12397
      author: Cartwright, Kelley L.
       title: Introduction to Information Science (Book Review)
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 633
      flesch: 58
     summary: It should be stressed again that Professor Saracevic is not alone in defining information science more broadly than he conceives it in practice. Because most of these papers have not previously been collected, and because their general quality is so high, this book should be pur- chased by every library that has even a minimal collection in the area of librarian- ship or information science.
    keywords: information
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12397.pdf
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        item: #1428 of 5668
          id: crl-12398
      author: Allen, Kenneth S.
       title: Planning the Academic Library: Metcalf and Ellsworth at York (Book Review)
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 1369
      flesch: 56
     summary: From its title, if indeed titles nowadays should be somewhat descriptive of a book's content, one would suppose that the major thrust of the work would be in the direction of the actual design of academic libraries. Because most of these papers have not previously been collected, and because their general quality is so high, this book should be pur- chased by every library that has even a minimal collection in the area of librarian- ship or information science.
    keywords: information; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12398.pdf
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        item: #1429 of 5668
          id: crl-12399
      author: Clayton, Howard
       title: Use of Community College Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 1472
      flesch: 56
     summary: From its title, if indeed titles nowadays should be somewhat descriptive of a book's content, one would suppose that the major thrust of the work would be in the direction of the actual design of academic libraries. The college teacher and administrator who is unaware of use surveys which have been made in academic libraries over the past forty years should pay considerable at- tention to chapter VII.
    keywords: college; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12399.pdf
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        item: #1430 of 5668
          id: crl-12402
      author: Hendricks, Donald D.
       title: Interlibrary Cooperation (Book Review)
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 1442
      flesch: 52
     summary: Translating these dimensions into man- power requirements, Olson sees a need for significant changes in the education for staffing library cooperatives. Each new aspect of library operation produces a concomitant concern with train- ing appropriate for the task.
    keywords: library; olson
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12402.pdf
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        item: #1431 of 5668
          id: crl-12403
      author: Piternick, Anne Brearley
       title: Canadian Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 1484
      flesch: 57
     summary: The results of these pres- sures can be seen in the increasing sophisti- cation of library procedures, including some highly successful automated systems, and the development of regional cooperation in library services for higher education-vol- untary or otherwise. Campbell points to the coordination of library services at all levels-particularly with the strong lead taken by the National Library-as one of the emerging character- istics .
    keywords: copyright; library
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        item: #1432 of 5668
          id: crl-12404
      author: Jacobstein, J. Myron
       title: Copyright: A Selected Bibliography of Periodical Literature Relating to Literary Property in the United States (Book Review)
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 1461
      flesch: 56
     summary: After re- viewing some of the history of the develop- ment of subject headings in the United States under the aegis of Charles Cutter, Harris delineates four analyses of Library of Congress headings: ( 1 ) use of aspect subdivisions, (2) use of adjective-noun phrases, ( 3) relative scope of headings for use in different types of collections, and ( 4) use of form headings. On the basis of her findings, she has projected certain ad- justments in the form of Library of Con- gress subject headings which will enable them to be arranged by computer in a filing sequence acceptable for library use.
    keywords: copyright; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12404.pdf
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        item: #1433 of 5668
          id: crl-12405
      author: Hickey, Doralyn J.
       title: Subject Analysis: Computer Implications of Rigorous Definition (Book Review)
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 1454
      flesch: 59
     summary: After re- viewing some of the history of the develop- ment of subject headings in the United States under the aegis of Charles Cutter, Harris delineates four analyses of Library of Congress headings: ( 1 ) use of aspect subdivisions, (2) use of adjective-noun phrases, ( 3) relative scope of headings for use in different types of collections, and ( 4) use of form headings. On the basis of her findings, she has projected certain ad- justments in the form of Library of Con- gress subject headings which will enable them to be arranged by computer in a filing sequence acceptable for library use.
    keywords: harris; headings; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12405.pdf
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        item: #1434 of 5668
          id: crl-12406
      author: Yarbrough, Larry N.
       title: Current Problems in Reference Service (Book Review)
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 736
      flesch: 62
     summary: The new Bowker Series in .. Problem- Centered Approaches to Librarianship is designed .. to make case studies available for instructional use in all major areas of the library school curriculum, as well as to demonstrate the value of the case study as a vehicle for presentation and analysis of professional problems. Those unfamiliar with case study methods and objectives are referred to the Introduction to this earlier collection, or to any of several other works listed in a Selected Bibliography append- ed to the present volume.
    keywords: case
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        item: #1435 of 5668
          id: crl-12408
      author: Berner, Richard C.
       title: The Administration of Modern Archives: A Select Bibliographic Guide (Book Review)
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 1386
      flesch: 56
     summary: This volume is pertinent to any librarian interested in current library technology and its effects on bibliographic control and pa- tron usage of catalogs, and to any librarian contemplating the use of book catalogs in his library. Experiences with book catalogs by specific college and university libraries, medical libraries, coun- ty library systems, public libraries, school libraries, and mail order library services are recounted.
    keywords: book; catalogs; chinese
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        item: #1436 of 5668
          id: crl-12409
      author: Eaton, Nancy L.
       title: Book Catalogs (Book Review)
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 703
      flesch: 60
     summary: This volume is pertinent to any librarian interested in current library technology and its effects on bibliographic control and pa- tron usage of catalogs, and to any librarian contemplating the use of book catalogs in his library. Coverage includes book catalogs as a substitute for or supplement to the card catalog, produc- tion costs, formats, production methods, and problems such as coding, computer fil- ing.
    keywords: catalogs
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        item: #1437 of 5668
          id: crl-12411
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 2459
      flesch: 60
     summary: In the last few years, my entire orientation on the question of building library collections has been-in library committee meetings, at professional library meetings, and in my writings-to- ward making more efficient use of the books we have and by making more efficient allo- cation of the book budget. Not until we have this solution can we ef- fectively reduce our budgets, or pacify the faculty at large who are after all the ones whose demand for large libraries accounts for library budgets which everyone except men like Ralston say aren't large enough.
    keywords: librarian; library; research; university
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        item: #1438 of 5668
          id: crl-12412
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 4005
      flesch: 67
     summary: The purposes of the meeting were to foster un- derstanding and use of microform technol- ogy in academic libraries; enhance the util- ity of educational microforms through the exchange of ideas; and inform the academ- ic library community and industrial sector of microform techniques, systems, and re- quirements in an academic setting. The computer-produced circulation records have been employed to study the use of library materials at U.B.C. in three distinct areas.
    keywords: academic; information; libraries; library; new; york
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        item: #1439 of 5668
          id: crl-12415
      author: McInnis, R. Marvin
       title: The Formula Approach to Library Size: An Empirical Study of Its Efficacy in Evaluating Research Libraries
        date: 1972-05-01
       words: 5584
      flesch: 62
     summary: In equa- tion [ 3] the preponderant influence upon library size is the number of faculty, and Reichard and Orsagh emphasize this as a particularly striking attribute of their findings. Numbers of students, both un- dergraduate and graduate, appear to be · negatively related to library size.
    keywords: clapp; formula; jordan; library; size
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        item: #1440 of 5668
          id: crl-12418
      author: Galloway, Louise
       title: Academic Librarians Participate in the Selection of a Director of Libraries
        date: 1972-05-01
       words: 4427
      flesch: 50
     summary: Some of the committee changed their initial ratings on a candidate after he had been fully discussed and his credentials compared with those of other candidates. The vice-president had made it clear that if, following these first visits, the committee were unde- cided about a choice, they should invite other candidates for interviews.
    keywords: committee; library; selection committee
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        item: #1441 of 5668
          id: crl-12419
      author: Melnyk, Andrew
       title: Architecture of Academic Libraries in Europe-Bibliography, 1960-1970
        date: 1972-05-01
       words: 3343
      flesch: 56
     summary: La Section de Medecine de la Bibliotheque Nation- ale et Universitaire de Strasbourg (The Medical Department of the Na- tional University Library of Stras- bourg) , Bulletin des Bibliotheques de France 10 (Nov. 1965), 375-79. «University Library, Durham, Architectural Review 135 (Jan. 1964), 31.
    keywords: bibliotheque; libraries; library; new; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12419.pdf
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        item: #1442 of 5668
          id: crl-12420
      author: Harris, Michael H.
       title: Research Methods in Library Science: A Bibliographic Guide with Topical Outlines (Book Review)
        date: 1972-05-01
       words: 634
      flesch: 59
     summary: American librarians, harried by heavy work loads and influenced by their edu- cational backgrounds (humanities), have consistently chosen to rely on intuition and tradition as the best avenues to sound library management. But, we still stand in need of an adequate guide to research methods in library science.
    keywords: research
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        item: #1443 of 5668
          id: crl-12421
      author: Byrd, Cecil K.
       title: Research Librarianship, Essays in Honor of Robert B. Downs (Book Review)
        date: 1972-05-01
       words: 2006
      flesch: 55
     summary: The essays in Research Librarianship, preceded by a short biography by RobeJ.t F. Delzell, have been selected to demon- strate the wide range of Downs' interests and contributions: intellectual freedom, academic status for librarians, interlibrary cooperation, library resources and bibliog- raphy, collection building and rare books, library education, and library surveys. But, we still stand in need of an adequate guide to research methods in library science.
    keywords: book; libraries; library; research
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        item: #1444 of 5668
          id: crl-12422
      author: Veenstra, John G.
       title: A Bibliography of Latin American Bibliographies; Supplement (Book Review)
        date: 1972-05-01
       words: 687
      flesch: 57
     summary: The ASIS Education Committee selected the titles in this volume of readings designed for use in introductory information science courses. Basically it includes selected citations from forty of the principal bibliographical sources, plus bib- liographic data on items received by the Columbus Memorial Library and Library of Congress.
    keywords: information
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        item: #1445 of 5668
          id: crl-12423
      author: Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: Key Papers in Information, Science (Book Review)
        date: 1972-05-01
       words: 1406
      flesch: 61
     summary: Attempts to answer the question, What is information science? The ASIS Education Committee selected the titles in this volume of readings designed for use in introductory information science courses.
    keywords: information; library
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        item: #1446 of 5668
          id: crl-12424
      author: Fristoe, Ashby J.
       title: Introduction to Technical Services for Library Technicians (Book Review)
        date: 1972-05-01
       words: 1434
      flesch: 60
     summary: And finally, it will undoubted~y prove very use- ful to schools with library technician ·courses and to libraries with in-house-train- ing programs. Attempts to answer the question, What is information science?
    keywords: book; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12424.pdf
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        item: #1447 of 5668
          id: crl-12425
      author: Pasternack, Howard
       title: LSIT 1971: Library and Information Science Today (Book Review)
        date: 1972-05-01
       words: 715
      flesch: 56
     summary: And finally, it will undoubted~y prove very use- ful to schools with library technician ·courses and to libraries with in-house-train- ing programs. Simply stated, the volume is a directory of research and innovation in library and information science.
    keywords: library
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        item: #1448 of 5668
          id: crl-12426
      author: Edelman, Hendrik
       title: The Language Barrier; A Study in Depth of the Place of Foreign Language Materials in the Research Activity of an Academic Community (Book Review)
        date: 1972-05-01
       words: 1414
      flesch: 52
     summary: And finally, it will undoubted~y prove very use- ful to schools with library technician ·courses and to libraries with in-house-train- ing programs. Language has always been one of the easier criteria to apply in selecting books and journals for academic libraries.
    keywords: language; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12426.pdf
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        item: #1449 of 5668
          id: crl-12427
      author: Anderson, Le Moyne W.
       title: UNISIST: Study Report on the Feasibility of a World Science Information System (Book Review)
        date: 1972-05-01
       words: 1382
      flesch: 46
     summary: Despite the low usage in some fields the library should continue to select foreign language materials and the library staff should increase its efforts to promote the use of the available bib- liographical and indexing tools. This information was collated against a variety of records and analyses of the actual library usage including a full year's borrowing and foreign language interlibrary loan transac- tions, Xerox copying of foreign language items, and the use inside the library of current foreign language and multilingual journals.
    keywords: information; language; scientific
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12427.pdf
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        item: #1450 of 5668
          id: crl-12428
      author: Orne, Jerrold
       title: Proceedings of the Second Conference on Federal Information Resources
        date: 1972-05-01
       words: 1378
      flesch: 50
     summary: Robert H. Muller, Theodore Jurgen Spahn, and Janet M. Spahn. The authors also index each title by basic editorial attitudes such as male chauvinism, firearms control, minority rights, etc., thus providing a spe- cific topical approach to what are basically topical publications.
    keywords: information; libraries; review
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12428.pdf
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        item: #1451 of 5668
          id: crl-12429
      author: Hubbard, Willis M.
       title: From Radical Left to Extreme Right (Book Review)
        date: 1972-05-01
       words: 1434
      flesch: 60
     summary: Another objective of the volume is to provide role playing cases. The authors also index each title by basic editorial attitudes such as male chauvinism, firearms control, minority rights, etc., thus providing a spe- cific topical approach to what are basically topical publications.
    keywords: cases; publications
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12429.pdf
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        item: #1452 of 5668
          id: crl-12430
      author: Painter, Ann F.
       title: The Management of Libraries and Information centers, v.4: Role Playing and Other Management Cases (Book Review)
        date: 1972-05-01
       words: 1450
      flesch: 54
     summary: Another objective of the volume is to provide role playing cases. Unfortunately, the book is al- ready somewhat dated since the most re- cent issues examined are from 1969 ,and in many cases from a year or two earlier.
    keywords: cases; library; role
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12430.pdf
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        item: #1453 of 5668
          id: crl-12431
      author: Sullivan, Robert C.
       title: The Evaluation of Micropublications: A Handbook for Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1972-05-01
       words: 715
      flesch: 46
     summary: The first twenty-two pages are de- voted to a discussion of the micropublish- ing industry, microformats, film size and image legibility, film generations and po- larity, the registration and preservation of master films, locating original material, pro- duction of hard copies, types of film, film stock, film coatings, archival permanence, and use of resolution charts. Based on his experience in administering a photoduplication service and in acquiring microforms at both Har- vard and Stanford University libraries, his many previous contributions to library lit- erature regarding library microforms, his activity in ALA and in numerous other professional organizations, and particularly his able chairmanship of the ALA, RTSD Micropublishing Subcommittee for the past six years, Veaner is eminently qualified to author this handbook.
    keywords: micropublications
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12431.pdf
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        item: #1454 of 5668
          id: crl-12434
      author: Webb, William Henry
       title: Will the Resources Head Wag the Imperative Tail?
        date: 1972-07-01
       words: 1127
      flesch: 60
     summary: If course credit by examination is to become ·wide- spread, it is obvious that patterns of library use will change-and probably for the better. While the report re- peatedly states that budgets for new books and periodicals should not be cut, it is clear that other major portions of library expenditures are not so favored.
    keywords: commission; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12434.pdf
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        item: #1455 of 5668
          id: crl-12435
      author: Cuadra, Carlos A.; Patrick, Ruth J.
       title: Survey of Academic Library Consortia in the U.S.
        date: 1972-07-01
       words: 6269
      flesch: 49
     summary: Although acceptance and implemen- tation of library consortia have in- creased, little guidance has been avail- able to libraries interested in exploring the idea-no design data, no standards, and no models upon which institutions might base better library service through joint efforts. Our observations, reinforced by com- ments from the literature, lead us to be- lieve that, indeed, a special type of leadership is needed to provide effec- tive direction to library consortia.
    keywords: academic; activities; consortia; development; libraries; library; members
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12435.pdf
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        item: #1456 of 5668
          id: crl-12436
      author: Fishman, Diane; Walitt, Ruth
       title: Seating and Area Preferences in a College Reserve Room
        date: 1972-07-01
       words: 5122
      flesch: 71
     summary: In order to determine seating prefer- ences of library patrons, we decided to conduct our observations when the re- serve room first opened at 8:00 a.m. and continued them until approximately 9:00 a.m. RooM OccuPANCY
    keywords: library; people; reserve; room
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        item: #1457 of 5668
          id: crl-12437
      author: Lyman, Richard W.
       title: New Trends in Higher Education: The Impact on the University Library
        date: 1972-07-01
       words: 4195
      flesch: 58
     summary: To some extent this is bound to feed the publishing trade with new categories of titles, al- though this is perhaps less likely to af- fect research libraries than the paper- back textbook industry. If the number of doctoral programs no longer requiring a full-dress dissertation should really increase, one assumes that there would be some lessening of the pressures upon research libraries.
    keywords: college; education; libraries; library; research; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12437.pdf
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        item: #1458 of 5668
          id: crl-12438
      author: Bolton, Earl C.
       title: Response of University Library Management to Changing Modes of University Governance Control
        date: 1972-07-01
       words: 3929
      flesch: 58
     summary: in a given discipline, the fact that fewer total Ph.D.'s are going to be conferred does not materially reduce library costs. In the last year as a consultant I have been on more col- lege and university campuses than I had visited during the previous three decades of my association with academia.
    keywords: chief; libraries; library; president; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12438.pdf
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        item: #1459 of 5668
          id: crl-12440
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1971-72
        date: 1972-07-01
       words: 6695
      flesch: 58
     summary: Topical chapters of reference works, general items which do not fit into the other sections, and basic background works of precolonial history precede the most important sections on Colonial Latin America, Independence, and Latin America since Independence. There are other annotated lists of bibliographies, critical works, anthologies, children's books, Politically Committed Literature in English compiled by Gideon- Cyrus M. Mutiso, and Some Articles on African Literature contributed by Barbara Abrash.
    keywords: articles; bibliography; entries; guide; history; index; literature; reference; sources; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12440.pdf
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        item: #1460 of 5668
          id: crl-12441
      author: Dunkin, Paul S.
       title: Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index (Book Review)
        date: 1972-07-01
       words: 1365
      flesch: 62
     summary: Certainly no scholarly history; but, on the other hand, no dull, heavily docu- mented compendium of minutiae in the ap- parent tradition of Canada's only other type of substantial library history, the doctoral dissertation. Has library classification, in- stead, become a manufacturing monopoly requiring intelligent and imaginative clas- sifiers at the factories but only skilled tech- nicians to install the ready-made product in individual libraries?-Paul S. Dunkin, Professor Emeritus, Rutgers University Gihoy, Marion, and Rothstein, Samuel, eds.
    keywords: dewey; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12441.pdf
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        item: #1461 of 5668
          id: crl-12443
      author: Dosa, Marta L.
       title: Guide to U.S. Government Serials & Periodicals (Book Review)
        date: 1972-07-01
       words: 1402
      flesch: 54
     summary: It provides bibliographic control of federally published serials and periodicals by several listings: (a) An alphabetic list of U.S. government agencies, commissions, and committees, with a brief history of each, (b) a classified list of Superintendent of Documents numbers with the names of agencies they represent, (c) classified list of current agencies (in existence on January 1, 1971) with an- notated entries of their serial publications, (d) classified list of abolished agencies with their annotated publications and dis- continued SuDocs numbers, (e) agency and title indexes. What are some of these problems, and to what extent are they helped by the Guide? 1) Federal government agencies, with their frequent reorganizational changes present a tangled pattern.
    keywords: agencies; government; guide
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12443.pdf
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        item: #1462 of 5668
          id: crl-12444
      author: Rebuldela, Harriet K.
       title: Advances in Understanding Approval and Gathering Plans in Academic Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1972-07-01
       words: 1410
      flesch: 52
     summary: When approval plans first appeared on the library scene in the early 1960s, only libraries with sizeable book budgets could consider having an English-language ap- proval plan. Papers relating the experiences of seven libraries concerning approval plans make up one third of the book: the role of the faculty in book selection (a problem which is relatively independent of the method of book procurement), the mechanics and ra- tionale of ordering additional copies of ti- tles received on approval, and the need for a system of earmarking titles for special col- lections and binding are discussed.
    keywords: approval; plans
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12444.pdf
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        item: #1463 of 5668
          id: crl-12445
      author: Summers, F. William
       title: State Library Policy; Its Legislative and Environmental Contexts (Book Review)
        date: 1972-07-01
       words: 1397
      flesch: 54
     summary: Papers relating the experiences of seven libraries concerning approval plans make up one third of the book: the role of the faculty in book selection (a problem which is relatively independent of the method of book procurement), the mechanics and ra- tionale of ordering additional copies of ti- tles received on approval, and the need for a system of earmarking titles for special col- lections and binding are discussed. Other papers address an unsuccessful attempt at making an approval plan work, faculty ap- praisal of approval plans, the satisfaction of branch library needs, and the problems of incorporating the approval plan into an existing automated acquisitions program.
    keywords: approval; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12445.pdf
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        item: #1464 of 5668
          id: crl-12446
      author: Pownall, David E.
       title: A Technical Services Manual for Small Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1972-07-01
       words: 685
      flesch: 55
     summary: Corbin seems most comfortable in describing techniques appropriate to public libraries, and is aware of procedures useful to college li- braries of modest aims; the book is of little use to special or school libraries. Since small is nowhere defined, and since col- lege, public, school, and special libraries vary radically in function, size, and popu- lations served, the book manages to fall neatly between several stools.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12446.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12446.txt

        item: #1465 of 5668
          id: crl-12447
      author: Jackson, William Vernon
       title: Comparative and International Librarianship: Essays on Themes and Problems (Book Review)
        date: 1972-07-01
       words: 1328
      flesch: 65
     summary: The heading for national libraries does not even record the pages for two of the three articles in the volume (granted that they also deal with bibliographies), nor does the cross refer- ence Special libraries. . . . There is one essay (on classification and information retrieval) devoted to Europe and one (on special libraries and infor- mation centers) to Southwest Asia; three on the U.S. and one each on Canada, Aus- tralia, and West Africa compose the re- maining six.
    keywords: libraries; library; national
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12447.pdf
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        item: #1466 of 5668
          id: crl-12450
      author: Dougherty, R. M.
       title: The Employment Time Bomb
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 541
      flesch: 56
     summary: In an effort to stretch funds, or under the pressure of an increasingly perceptive and militant nonpro- fessional employment force, they are reassigning work to train non- professionals for work formerly performed by professionals. Library administrators unintentionally have further reduced the job opportunities for new professionals.
    keywords: employment
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        item: #1467 of 5668
          id: crl-12451
      author: Johnson, Marjorie
       title: Performance Appraisal of Librarians-A Survey
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 4866
      flesch: 55
     summary: In the spring of 1971, a study was un- dertaken by the author to compile in- formation on performance appraisals of libr.arians in college and university libraries. The . fact that performance appraisal is increasingly used is borne) out in the literature by many writers.
    keywords: appraisal; employee; librarians; performance
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        item: #1468 of 5668
          id: crl-12452
      author: McCullough, Kathleen
       title: Approval Plans: Vendor Responsibility and Library Research A Literature Survey and Discussion
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 8218
      flesch: 62
     summary: LITERATURE SuRVEY Libraries with approval plans of their own will not find much in this list that is outside their experience. He cautions against heavy dependence on approval plans and states the need for further study of their immediate and long-term effects.
    keywords: approval; blanket; books; libraries; library; plans; research; selection
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        item: #1469 of 5668
          id: crl-12453
      author: Lynch, Beverly
       title: Participative Management in Relation to Library Effectiveness
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 4785
      flesch: 52
     summary: 2° First, the average intercorrelations computed for these items in the Decision Making In- dex were computed and compared with the average correlations computed for these same items with the items in the Profile Index. A simple examination of the correlation matrix indicates that the items of the Decision Making In- dex correlate about equally well with each other and with the items in the Profile Index.
    keywords: decision; index; library; making; marchant; variables
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12453.pdf
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        item: #1470 of 5668
          id: crl-12454
      author: Marchant, Maurice P.
       title: And A Response
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 4113
      flesch: 59
     summary: I fail to understand the complaint re- garding my use of control variables. The partial correla- tions I reported between the indepen- dent and dependent variables partialled out only the variance attributable to control variables which had entered at the .05 level of significance.
    keywords: lynch; study; variables
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12454.pdf
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        item: #1471 of 5668
          id: crl-12456
      author: Lee, John W.; Read, Raymond L.
       title: The Graduate Business Student and the Library
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 2666
      flesch: 61
     summary: Their poor performance on test questions which required a dis- play of library knowledge, plus their tendency to lower their own ratings af- ter attempting to answer relatively sim- ple questions, is ample testimony to both their lack of proficiency and, in some cases, their unawareness of the ex- tent of their deficiencies. Another area studied was perceived library knowledge and its relationship to the students' completion of a gradu- ate business research course.
    keywords: knowledge; library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12456.pdf
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        item: #1472 of 5668
          id: crl-12457
      author: Haro, Robert P.
       title: Information Service in Public Libraries: Two Studies (Book Review)
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 1311
      flesch: 49
     summary: While this work addresses the need to know how effective and correct the in- formation disseminated by reference de- partments and personnel is, a farther reach- ing effect is the model or style of measure- ment developed by these two researchers that has application in academic libraries as well as public libraries. How- ever, what professors Crowley and Chil- ders have done in exploring devices and methods applicable to the measurement of information services has serious and im- portant consequences for college and re- search libraries.
    keywords: information; services
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        item: #1473 of 5668
          id: crl-12459
      author: Weber, David C.
       title: Library Management; Behavior-Based Personnel Systems (BBPS): A Framework for Analysis (Book Review)
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 678
      flesch: 56
     summary: The book does not present methods for personnel administration but rather a perspective on personnel systems and hu- man organizations. He hopes this theory will be useful to librarians who do research on personnel systems, to those who design them, to those who use them, and to stu- dents.
    keywords: personnel
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12459.pdf
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        item: #1474 of 5668
          id: crl-12460
      author: Voos, Henry
       title: The Smart Retrieval System (Book Review)
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 1373
      flesch: 51
     summary: The book does not present methods for personnel administration but rather a perspective on personnel systems and hu- man organizations. He hopes this theory will be useful to librarians who do research on personnel systems, to those who design them, to those who use them, and to stu- dents.
    keywords: library; personnel; reports
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12460.pdf
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        item: #1475 of 5668
          id: crl-12461
      author: Murray, Saundra Rice
       title: Library Service to the Disadvantaged (Book Review)
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 1405
      flesch: 53
     summary: The emphasis on public library programs is not a limitation-the quantity and range of the literature, which consists in large measure of reports of individual librmy successes and failures, necessitated a comprehensive overview. In this case the build- ing program belongs to the University of Guelph library.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #1476 of 5668
          id: crl-12463
      author: Jansen, Guenter A.
       title: Public Libraries in Cooperative Systems: Administrative Patterns for Service (Book Review)
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 703
      flesch: 60
     summary: The authors are working on a new manu- script which will consider the problems of cooperative library systems. Comments like It [the cooperative li- brary system] presents absolutely no threat to the library's local prestige ... represent ideas not shared by a large number of member libraries throughout the nation.
    keywords: library; system
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        item: #1477 of 5668
          id: crl-12464
      author: Snowman, Paul A.
       title: Reader in American Library History (Book Review)
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 1367
      flesch: 49
     summary: The authors are working on a new manu- script which will consider the problems of cooperative library systems. The fifth volume in a growing series, it in- cludes writings by such authors as David Mearns, Kenneth Brough, and Howard Clayton on the historic development of American libraries and librarianship.
    keywords: american; libraries; library
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        item: #1478 of 5668
          id: crl-12466
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 1363
      flesch: 60
     summary: To the Editor: I enjoyed reading Mr. Mcinnis' article (May 1972, p. 190-198) describing his use of regression techniques to investigate de- Letters I 409 terminants of library size; it seems that li- brary science can only profit from the intro- duction of tools that have proven them- selves so valuable for the other social sci- ences. Without commenting on substantive issues, such as the propriety of using a predictive equation based on the nation's finest research li- braries as a norm for college libraries in general, I do wish to clarify one technical point that recurs in Mr. Mcinnis' article and that may be confusing to readers.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #1479 of 5668
          id: crl-12467
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 2522
      flesch: 62
     summary: In his introduction to this volume the editor and conference director summarizes his personal observations of the conference as follows: ( 1) the papers represent the most comprehensive collection of material on networks available; ( 2) a national net- work of libraries and information centers appears to be a viable concept; ( 3) the in- dividual is the one to be served by a na- tional network; ( 4) the development of the network concept is an interdisciplinary task; ( 5) libraries and information centers will need to be proactive rather than reactive; and ( 6) new patterns of organization that will permit networks. While the papers are un- even, contain much duplication (Gone With the Wind is constantly being trans- mitted by telefacsimile in two minutes but Ralph Shaw's slow messenger is nowhere to be seen), and too often consist of specu- lation about networks they do, in general, bear out Becker's conclusion that this is the most comprehensive source of information on networks available.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; network
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12467.pdf
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        item: #1480 of 5668
          id: crl-12468
      author: Mason, Ellsworth
       title: A Short Happy View of Our Emulation of Faculty
        date: 1972-11-01
       words: 714
      flesch: 66
     summary: In colleges and universities where full faculty equivalency means competition on an even basis with high-powered academicians, most librarians stand only to lose. The threat of nontenure, which means for the faculty termination of employroent, hangs over the young like a sword of Damocles, and because of the high percentage of faculty already on tenure, denial of tenure to those coming up has become commonplace.
    keywords: faculty
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        item: #1481 of 5668
          id: crl-12469
      author: Redmond, Donald A.; Sinclair, Michael P.; Brown, Elinore
       title: University Libraries and University Research
        date: 1972-11-01
       words: 2985
      flesch: 55
     summary: Library resources are gathered, in the first place, in response to current teach- ing and research demands. Library resources should be consid- ered investments, rather than sunk costs, and an effort made to increase the return by encouraging use.
    keywords: institution; library; research; resources
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12469.pdf
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        item: #1482 of 5668
          id: crl-12470
      author: Haro, Robert P.
       title: Academic Library Services for Mexican Americans
        date: 1972-11-01
       words: 5162
      flesch: 50
     summary: As of this date, university libraries, particularly those located in the Far West and Southwest, are in danger of being overwhelmed both by the qualita- tive change in their role with respect to support services to Mexican American studies and by the quantitative burden of literally thousands of new students at all levels who are seeking and What at present is merely a crisis may soon · turn into a disaster, if certain inadequa- cies of university libraries with respect to this minority group are not under- stood and resolved with appropriate li- brary acquisition and service programs.
    keywords: american; faculty; librarians; library; mexican; students; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12470.pdf
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        item: #1483 of 5668
          id: crl-12471
      author: Boss, Richard W.
       title: Audio Materials in Academic Research Libraries
        date: 1972-11-01
       words: 2060
      flesch: 56
     summary: One explanation for the emphasis on audio rather than visual materials in the library is the existence of a campus audiovisual center outside the library on at least thirty-nine of the campuses. Because the hold- ings of visual materials proved so sparse, the study of contemplated visual materials and services was abandoned.
    keywords: institutions; libraries; materials
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12471.pdf
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        item: #1484 of 5668
          id: crl-12472
      author: Griffin, Lloyd W.; Clarke, Jack A.
       title: Orientation and Instruction of Graduate Students in the Use of the University Library: A Survey
        date: 1972-11-01
       words: 3115
      flesch: 46
     summary: College and Research Libraries LLOYD W. GRIFFIN and JACK A. CLARKE Orientation and Instruction of Graduate Students in the Use of the University Library: A Survey A recent questionnaire on instruction of graduate students in the use of the university library~ submitted to twenty-three large university libraries (and returned by twenty), brings up to date a similar survey reported in CRL in 1958. The problem appears perennial and as yet unsolved, though libraries are giving orientation lectures and tours, providing graduate and faculty manuals, utilizing bibliographers and subiect specialists to consult with graduate students or even to conduct formal bibliographic courses, and developing imaginative programs employing new equipment and techniques to interpret the library to this segment of its public.
    keywords: graduate; libraries; library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12472.pdf
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        item: #1485 of 5668
          id: crl-12473
      author: Wiggins, Marvin E.
       title: The Development of Library Use Instructional Programs
        date: 1972-11-01
       words: 3864
      flesch: 64
     summary: The student should be able to ( 1) provide a defini- tion of the term tracings as used on card catalog cards, ( 2) explain where the tracings are on the card, and ( 3) . The card catalog program drew from the expertise of the univer- sity's Department of Instructional Re- search and Development, a graduate ed- ucational psychology curriculum con- cerned with the development of instruc- tional programs.3 Six terminal objectives were devised utilizing six areas of card catalog use: ( 1) filing rules, ( 2) call numbers, ( 3)
    keywords: card; catalog; instruction; library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12473.pdf
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        item: #1486 of 5668
          id: crl-12475
      author: Hickey, Doralyn J.
       title: Centralized Processing for Academic Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1972-11-01
       words: 1382
      flesch: 59
     summary: It is incredible that library administrators can, in the 1970s, still claim unawareness of the need for staff to be treated as members of a team, not as chessmen to be manipulated on the board of library efficiency. An example of such oversimplification is encountered in the following assertion: A librarian who believes books ought to be made available for use as quickly as ·pos- sible might be willing to circulate a title be- fore the catalog cards are filed safely in the public catalog.
    keywords: faculty; librarians
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12475.pdf
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        item: #1487 of 5668
          id: crl-12476
      author: McAnally, Arthur
       title: Faculty Status for Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1972-11-01
       words: 1446
      flesch: 58
     summary: After hundreds of articles and papers dealing with faculty status for librarians, this is the first regularly published book to appear on the subject. Massman documents the history of the movement and summarizes the sociological factors upon which the movement for faculty status for librarians is based.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; status
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12476.pdf
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        item: #1488 of 5668
          id: crl-12477
      author: Povsic, Francka
       title: Encyclopedic Directory of Ethnic Newspapers and Periodicals in the United States
        date: 1972-11-01
       words: 1440
      flesch: 57
     summary: In 1966, Joshua A. Fishman and others pub- lished the book: Language Loyalty in the United States, in which they discuss the ex- isting methods of maintenance and perpet- uation of non-English mother tongues of American ethnic groups. By ethnic press we usually mean newspapers and periodicals published in a foreign lan- guage or in English but addressing them- selves to a national group.
    keywords: ethnic; press
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12477.pdf
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        item: #1489 of 5668
          id: crl-12478
      author: Irvine, Betty Jo
       title: Art Censorship: A Chronology of Proscribed and Prescribed Art (Book Review)
        date: 1972-11-01
       words: 1457
      flesch: 55
     summary: Art Censorship: A Chronol- ogy of Proscribed and Prescribed Art. Obviously, art censorship has been an en- during preoccupation of society as Ms. Clapp's book substantiates.
    keywords: art; ethnic
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12478.pdf
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        item: #1490 of 5668
          id: crl-12479
      author: Eaton, Edward A.
       title: Adopting the Library of Congress Classification System: A Manual of Methods and Techniques for Application or Conversion (Book Review)
        date: 1972-11-01
       words: 1498
      flesch: 53
     summary: Morse Peckham's book, Art and Pornography ( 1969), does treat the concept and definitions of pornography in art but does not focus on censorship per se. Obviously, art censorship has been an en- during preoccupation of society as Ms. Clapp's book substantiates.
    keywords: art; book
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12479.pdf
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        item: #1491 of 5668
          id: crl-12482
      author: Eide, Margaret
       title: International Bibliographie zur Soziologie und Psychologie des Lesens (Book Review)
        date: 1972-11-01
       words: 1420
      flesch: 58
     summary: Among the items listed are titles dealing with such questions as how television affects reading habits, what people read in various geographical areas, whether library usage increases dur- ing election years, etc. Since the cost is high and since the book would be supplementary rather than basic to many library collec- tions, librarians will want to consider their particular situation carefully before order- ing this bibliography.-Margaret Eide, So- cial Sciences Librarian, Eastern Michigan University Library.
    keywords: bibliography; book; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12482.pdf
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        item: #1492 of 5668
          id: crl-12483
      author: Lemke, Antje B.
       title: Bookplates. A Selective Annotated Bibliography of Periodical Literature (Book Review)
        date: 1972-11-01
       words: 1265
      flesch: 68
     summary: Since the cost is high and since the book would be supplementary rather than basic to many library collec- tions, librarians will want to consider their particular situation carefully before order- ing this bibliography.-Margaret Eide, So- cial Sciences Librarian, Eastern Michigan University Library. In the opinion of this reviewer, this vol- ume should be in the reference collection of all academic, art, and historical libraries, as well as in public and school libraries who can afford the purchase.-Ant.;e B. Lemke, School of Library Science,
    keywords: bibliography; isbn; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12483.pdf
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        item: #1493 of 5668
          id: crl-12484
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1972-11-01
       words: 2453
      flesch: 54
     summary: If more library ad- ministrators, wiser than ours have been, recognize that fact the experience may turn out to be considerably less painful. On the contrary, library unionism is alive and well and living at the Uni- versity of Chicago library!
    keywords: collection; library; percent
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12484.pdf
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        item: #1494 of 5668
          id: crl-12485
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1972-11-01
       words: 3173
      flesch: 61
     summary: This report identifies steps that might be taken by organizations, individual libraries, and libraries acting collectively to work towards resolution of the many problems that create the difficult and complex situa- tion facing research libraries, brought on by the physical deterioration of books and journals. Additional needs in the area of education and training are identified, and the importance of specific preservation ac- tivity by individual libraries is underscored.
    keywords: information; isbn; libraries; library; new; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12485.pdf
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        item: #1495 of 5668
          id: crl-12486
      author: Boone, Morell D.
       title: Camelot - A Quest or A Kingdom?
        date: 1973-01-01
       words: 663
      flesch: 55
     summary: Although the pre- sentation was aimed at education in general with specific emphasis in the areas of elementary and secondary education, it seems equally im- perative that higher education should address itself to the same ques- tion. As King Arthur searched for his im- possible dream, the educator must search for his dream, i.e. the quest of the meaningful whole in a learner's education that will lend to a theory of education.
    keywords: information
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12486.pdf
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        item: #1496 of 5668
          id: crl-12488
      author: Sullivan, Robert C.
       title: Microform Developments Related to Acquisitions
        date: 1973-01-01
       words: 7716
      flesch: 50
     summary: The most widely publicized develop- ment in library microforms in recent years has been the microfiche, particu- larly the ultramicrofiche ( UMF). Each library subscribing to this project pays an annual subscription fee based on the size of its book budget. RESEARCH More than three-quarters of a million dollars has been provided by the Office of Education ( OE) to underwrite re- search relating to library microforms in 0
    keywords: association; congress; information; libraries; library; microfilm; microform; national; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12488.pdf
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        item: #1497 of 5668
          id: crl-12489
      author: Dougherty, Richard M.
       title: The Evaluation of Campus Library Document Delivery Service
        date: 1973-01-01
       words: 5183
      flesch: 65
     summary: The faculty as a group may comprise our most sophisticated users, but we know that many of them are not effective library users. The first con- centrated on an evaluation of overall performance, second, the impact on pat- terns of library use, and third, user's re- actions to funding a delivery service during a period of tight budgets.
    keywords: faculty; fdds; library; percent; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12489.pdf
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        item: #1498 of 5668
          id: crl-12491
      author: Deale, H. Vail
       title: Academic Libraries in Iran
        date: 1973-01-01
       words: 4062
      flesch: 54
     summary: A second major problem that exists in Iranian academic libraries is the size and quality of their collections. Though the physical fa- cilities of Iranian academic libraries are often impressive, too often they have been planned and executed without ade- quate consultation among librarian, ar- chitect, and university administrators.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; tehran; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12491.pdf
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        item: #1499 of 5668
          id: crl-12492
      author: Auld, Larry; Voit, Irene
       title: Library Group Practice
        date: 1973-01-01
       words: 2523
      flesch: 52
     summary: College and Research Libraries LARRY AULD AND IRENE VOlT Library Group Practice A plan for library group practice bears several striking similarities to a medical group practice, both in rationale and in patterns of service. Library group practice is a means of enhancing professional achieve- ment, improving the rate of productivity in libraries, and thereby of- fering one way in which information can be marketed by libraries at an acceptable price.
    keywords: group; library; practice
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12492.pdf
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        item: #1500 of 5668
          id: crl-12493
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1971-72
        date: 1973-01-01
       words: 6403
      flesch: 58
     summary: This bibliography, resembling American and English Genealogies in the Library of Congress (2d ed., 1919; Guide AK15), ex- pands the earlier listing by the addition of newer works and other nationalities, and by the inclusion of all entries from LC' s Family Name Index (a card file in the Local History and Genealogy Room), not just its references to monographs. Arrangement is alphabetical by author with general works listed first, followed by criticisms of indi- vidual plays.
    keywords: bibliography; dictionary; english; entries; general; guide; index; new; reference; research; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12493.pdf
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        item: #1501 of 5668
          id: crl-12499
      author: Lemke, Antje B.
       title: Readings in Library History (Book Review)
        date: 1973-01-01
       words: 1485
      flesch: 63
     summary: An insight into the state of the art in several countries is provided by the author's statement that in some instances for the present at least, the best record of current publishing in some of the countries in Cen- tral America and the Caribbean exists in the published acquisitions lists of some of the institutions with Farmington plan re- sponsibilities for certain countries. The aim of the library (which is based on the former Caribbean Commission Collection) would be to collect all publications of this diverse group of is- land countries and to record the acquisi- tions in a computer based bibliography.
    keywords: book; countries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12499.pdf
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        item: #1502 of 5668
          id: crl-12500
      author: Stierwalt, Ralph E.
       title: Computerizing the Card Catalog in the University Library; a Survey of User Requirements (Book Review)
        date: 1973-01-01
       words: 1399
      flesch: 68
     summary: ( 3) Is the val- ue of certain catalog information to a small number of users, such as faculty [faculty re- ported using a greater number of data ele- ments on catalog cards than other groups of users] so great that the information must be included in future catalogs, regardless of the catalog's type or configuration? ( 5) Should we in North America adopt the same philosophy as the British regarding retrospective conversion of catalog records?
    keywords: card; catalog
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12500.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12500.txt

        item: #1503 of 5668
          id: crl-12501
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1973-01-01
       words: 1134
      flesch: 64
     summary: I have been involved with academic libraries over a period of nearly thirty years, and, al- though my actual experience is mostly at this medium-sized university, I think that I have been around sufficiently to be a fair judge of what has gone on and is going on in both our profession and the academic profession. As a matter of fact, the latter part is not true at Idaho State
    keywords: faculty; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12501.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12501.txt

        item: #1504 of 5668
          id: crl-12502
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1973-01-01
       words: 4302
      flesch: 66
     summary: The change in function of the medical resource libraries to public libraries, the role of state library consultants in extending library services, and the pos- sible activities in which a medical library consultant might engage are examined. These aspects include: extent of public li- brary usage; awareness of library services offered, library services used, suggestions for improvement of library services, evalua- tion of library facilities, and profile of the library user.
    keywords: catalog; isbn; libraries; library; research; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12502.pdf
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        item: #1505 of 5668
          id: crl-12503
      author: Hiatt, Peter
       title: Continuing Education
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 515
      flesch: 50
     summary: College and Research Libraries Continuing Education A national Delphi Study conducted this winter by Western Inter- state Commission for Higher Education predicted these major changes for postsecondary education in the next five to fifteen years: Social problems will get more attention; A greater proportion of students will enter vocational programs; Postsecondary education will be more accessible to all kinds of people; Faculty collective bargaining will be widely adopted; More and more students will continue education throughout their lifetime; More TV s, more computers, more of the other new technologies will be used in postsecondary education. It has been claimed that the changes facing postsecondary education today are the most sig- nificant since the Middle Ages.
    keywords: education
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12503.pdf
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        item: #1506 of 5668
          id: crl-12504
      author: McAnally, Arthur M.; Downs, Robert B.
       title: The Changing Role of Directors of University Libraries
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 14548
      flesch: 61
     summary: University libraries are becoming more and more subject to the state boards, es- pecially in the budgeting process and in their demands for more effective coop- eration among all state academic librar- ies. The coming pattern of state budg- etary controls for university libraries was predicted ten years ago.
    keywords: academic; director; faculty; libraries; library; management; new; problems; research; staff; university; university library; years
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12504.pdf
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        item: #1507 of 5668
          id: crl-12505
      author: Ishmoto, Carol F.
       title: The National Program for Acquisitions and Cataloging: Its impact on University Libraries
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 6350
      flesch: 55
     summary: THE EFFECTS OF NPAC ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF TECHNICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENTS With the beginning of NPAC, tech- nical services administrators for the most part began thinking in terms of restructuring their departments in order to capitalize on the economic advantage of using nonprofessionals for catalog- ing with LC copy. Those libraries not having a separate LC unit still employ nonprofessionals for cataloging with LC copy.
    keywords: cards; cataloging; copy; libraries; npac
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12505.pdf
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        item: #1508 of 5668
          id: crl-12506
      author: Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: Computer-Based Systems, A New Dimension to Library Cooperation
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 3605
      flesch: 50
     summary: SUMMARY The combination of cooperation and computation makes possible the estab- lishment of new library objectives un- attainable by individual libraries. The computer has added a new dimension to library cooperations.
    keywords: computer; cooperation; libraries; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12506.pdf
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        item: #1509 of 5668
          id: crl-12508
      author: De Priest, Raleigh
       title: The Inordinate Passion for Status
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 5280
      flesch: 56
     summary: The author analyzes critically the work of several writers who believe, in varying degrees, that librarians exhibit an excessive, even droll, con- cern for faculty status. WHILE THE LAST DECADE has witnessed considerable articulation among li- brarians in favor of faculty status, there have been opponents as well: Ken- neth Kister, who describes what he sees as librarians' attempt to imitate the fac- ulty and their blurring of the distinc- tion between librarianship and teaching at a time when they ought to be earning their status .as
    keywords: academic; faculty; librarians; library; status; teaching
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12508.pdf
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        item: #1510 of 5668
          id: crl-12510
      author: Hart, James D.
       title: The Private Presses (Book Review)
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 740
      flesch: 61
     summary: Upon occasion Mr. Franklin finds a need to take issue with the idea of judging these works by what he once calls the awe of the sale room, yet he himself seems quite af- fected both by book prices and by the names of collectors, and the work concludes with a so-called Bibliography by David Lin- coln whose only real contribution is the fur- nishing of auction prices. This brief but appealing work treats the activity of fine printing in England from the late nineteenth century to the Second World War, as created by private presses which were owned or controlled by individuals who put their own stamp on the products.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12510.pdf
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        item: #1511 of 5668
          id: crl-12514
      author: Hayes, Robert M.
       title: Vocabulary Control for Information Retrieval (Book Review)
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 710
      flesch: 59
     summary: That is, after all, what library cooperation is all about.-Donald D. Hendricks, Director of the Library, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Dallas, Texas. The detailed discussions are richly illustrated with examples and thorough comparative analyses.
    keywords: vocabulary
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12514.pdf
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        item: #1512 of 5668
          id: crl-12515
      author: Mulligan, Georgia
       title: Revolting Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 1439
      flesch: 64
     summary: This is an exceptionally well done cover- age of a topic vital to library practice as well as computer-based reference retrieval. Just to whet your appetite, here are some of the titles: The Liberation of Sweet Li- brary Lips, How to Annihilate Service to Teenagers, Sex and the Single Cataloger, Library School Lunacy and The Recruit- er Speaks (with forked tongue in both cheeks).
    keywords: library; vocabulary
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12515.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12515.txt

        item: #1513 of 5668
          id: crl-12516
      author: Mayeski, John K.
       title: The Influence of Angus Snead Macdonald and the Snead Bookstack on Library Architecture
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 1495
      flesch: 66
     summary: Baumann employs well documented re- search which provides the reader with in- sights into understanding Angus Snead Macdonald's impact on library design for almost a half a century. The reader is made very aware that the modular concept in library design is actually a very recent development.
    keywords: library; macdonald; snead
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12516.pdf
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        item: #1514 of 5668
          id: crl-12517
      author: Clark, Jack A.
       title: Cheap Thrills: an Informal History of the Pulp Magazines
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 1421
      flesch: 72
     summary: Baumann takes this theme, the eroding of the stack form, and develops it by sum- marizing Macdonald's 1933 article A Li- brary of the Future which spelled out Macdonald's theory of modular design for libraries. The reader is made very aware that the modular concept in library design is actually a very recent development.
    keywords: isbn; library; macdonald
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12517.pdf
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        item: #1515 of 5668
          id: crl-12518
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 568
      flesch: 46
     summary: Academic librarians without faculty status are the lowest paid academic personnel on many cam- puses. Academic librarians are ineligible for membership in academic senates.
    keywords: academic
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12518.pdf
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        item: #1516 of 5668
          id: crl-12519
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 2473
      flesch: 70
     summary: It describes the status of programs which regional libraries have undertaken to · comply with the require,nents of the . Also described are the reten- tion policy of regional libraries for materials which they Jre authorized to discard as an exception to the Act, and the attitude of documents librarians on the desirqbility of providing federal support to regional de- pository libranies.
    keywords: inc; information; isbn; new; press
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12519.pdf
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        item: #1517 of 5668
          id: crl-12520
      author: Dougherty, Richard M.
       title: ALA---Is It Time for an Alternative?
        date: 1973-05-01
       words: 635
      flesch: 50
     summary: Can academic librarians pursue their aspirations within the current organizational structure of ALA? The central question is whether or not ALA can much longer serve as -t the home for academic librarians.
    keywords: librarians
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12520.pdf
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        item: #1518 of 5668
          id: crl-12521
      author: Moffett, W. A.
       title: The Academic Job Crisis: A Unique Opportunity, or Business as Usual?
        date: 1973-05-01
       words: 2189
      flesch: 59
     summary: The paper not only evokes the dimensions of the academic job crisis, and the resulting opportunity for library recruitment, but calls attention to the danger of permitting the librarians' otv'n job market to .be overrun by candidates who may not have a genuine com- mitment to library service. Is it possible that despite a reputation for being reluctant to respond quickly to changing needs, library schools will bestir themselves to facilitate · the re- training of people originally destined, as they thought, for conventional teach- ing positions?
    keywords: job; librarians; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12521.pdf
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        item: #1519 of 5668
          id: crl-12523
      author: MacDonald, Robin W.; Elrod, J. McRee
       title: An Approach to Developing Computer Catalogs
        date: 1973-05-01
       words: 3990
      flesch: 59
     summary: Another reason for examining the costs of card catalog systems in contrast to computer systems is the cost of de- centralization, where collections are di- vided among a variety of branch li- braries, resulting in increased costs. If the costs of card catalogs continue to rise and eventually meet the declining costs of computer usage, then at some point in this decade, economic pressures and other factors will force libraries to.
    keywords: card; catalog; file; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12523.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12523.txt

        item: #1520 of 5668
          id: crl-12524
      author: Flanagan, Leo N.
       title: Professionalism Dismissed?
        date: 1973-05-01
       words: 3319
      flesch: 61
     summary: The Code of Ethics for Librarians, by its .very tone, suggests that librarians should not rock the boat-at l~ast, not without an order from the ca ptain.18 Article one of the Code stresses the librarian's obligation, not to know, criticize, or independently judge, but to submit to 'governing au- thority, to the library constituency, and to the library as an institution. Librarians hip is not a profession.
    keywords: bundy; knowledge; librarians; library; professional
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12524.pdf
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        item: #1521 of 5668
          id: crl-12525
      author: Clarke, Jack A.
       title: Popular Culture in Libraries
        date: 1973-05-01
       words: 2315
      flesch: 53
     summary: College and Research Libraries JACK A. CLARKE Popular Culture in Libraries The study and teaching of popular culture is one of the most rapidly developing disciplines on American uni-versity campuses. No single library can hope to acquire and organize for use more than a fraction of the primary sources of popular culture.
    keywords: culture; libraries; novels; popular
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12525.pdf
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        item: #1522 of 5668
          id: crl-12526
      author: Goyal, S. K.
       title: Allocation of Library Funds to Different Departments of a University--an Operational Research Approach
        date: 1973-05-01
       words: 1723
      flesch: 64
     summary: , n); ( 5) the lower limit and the up- .per · limit of funds as furnished by department Ci' be eLi' and CUi'; this problem will help to standardize de- partmental formulation of book and periodical requirements . College and Research Libraries S. K. GOYAL Allocation of Library Funds To Different Departments of a University-
    keywords: department; funds
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12526.pdf
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        item: #1523 of 5668
          id: crl-12527
      author: Huff, William H.
       title: Classified List of Periodicals for the College Library (Book Review)
        date: 1973-05-01
       words: 1331
      flesch: 55
     summary: The recommen- dations and selection information it con- tains have been distilled from earlier edi- tions, the personal experience of the au- thor, examination of lists of periodicals of various college libraries, faculty recommen- dations, and bibliographical literature per- taining to periodical publications. Each study presents a realistic and vivid focus on a dif- ferent aspect of library practice.
    keywords: college; edition; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12527.pdf
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        item: #1524 of 5668
          id: crl-12530
      author: Laird, W. David
       title: Library Buildings: Innovation for Changing Needs (Book Review)
        date: 1973-05-01
       words: 1449
      flesch: 60
     summary: However, it now ap- pears, if the first volume can be considered typical of those to come, that our skepti- cism was unjustified; for Tebbel has writ- ten a clear, well organized, and detailed synthesis of American publishing history to the Civil War, and while the whole project still strikes us as audacious, we feel com- pelled to compliment both the author and publisher for the remarkable success they have achieved with this first volume. Chicago: American Library Association, 1972.
    keywords: american; library; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12530.pdf
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        item: #1525 of 5668
          id: crl-12531
      author: Flanagan, Cathleen
       title: Bibliographic Control of Nonprint Media (Book Review)
        date: 1973-05-01
       words: 1463
      flesch: 58
     summary: From the papers and discussion pro- dpced by this institute two conclusions are drawn: ( 1) non print media is not present- ly organized for its intelligent selection and utilization; and (2) professional bibliog- raphers in the Association for Educational Communications and Technology, the Edu- cational Film Library Association, the American Society for Information Science, a11d the American Library Association have failed to establish standards, while com- mercial companies, less constrained by tra- dition; are answering the cries of collectors and . If there was any hope that the institute would produce such a directive, this hope does not appear to have been met.-Cathleen Flanagan, Graduate School of Library Science, University of Illinois.
    keywords: copyright; information; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12531.pdf
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        item: #1526 of 5668
          id: crl-12532
      author: Shank, Russell
       title: Copyright: Current Viewpoints on History, Laws, Legislation (Book Review)
        date: 1973-05-01
       words: 731
      flesch: 59
     summary: The issues in copyright application and revision are complex and the literature con- cerning them vast, starting in recent times with thirty-five studies commissioned by the Copyright Office in the late 1950s. If there was any hope that the institute would produce such a directive, this hope does not appear to have been met.-Cathleen Flanagan, Graduate School of Library Science, University of Illinois.
    keywords: copyright
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12532.pdf
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        item: #1527 of 5668
          id: crl-12533
      author: Anderson, John F.
       title: Urban Analysis for Branch Library System Planning (Book Review)
        date: 1973-05-01
       words: 1474
      flesch: 61
     summary: The much maligned book circula- tion statistics appear to have more statisti- cal correlation and validity than other sta- tistics now gathered by public libraries. Public library planners for over three decades have functioned with several basic assumptions regarding library facility loca- tion as it relates to maximum effective usage.
    keywords: copyright; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12533.pdf
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        item: #1528 of 5668
          id: crl-12534
      author: Halley, Edward G.
       title: The Big Foundations (Book Review)
        date: 1973-05-01
       words: 2199
      flesch: 60
     summary: In such an apparent isolation from the mainstream of events in the college, the au- thor questions whether· or n.ot much prog- ress can be made towards true professional- ism in such libraries. The much maligned book circula- tion statistics appear to have more statisti- cal correlation and validity than other sta- tistics now gathered by public libraries.
    keywords: foundations; libraries; library; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12534.pdf
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        item: #1529 of 5668
          id: crl-12536
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1973-05-01
       words: 1910
      flesch: 62
     summary: There are in this context, therefore, two questions for academic librarians to answer. Robert C. Sullivan very properly pointed out that librarians too often think only in terms of acquisition from commercial sources, overlooking the wealth of material to be acquired from the photocopying and microfilming services of other libraries.
    keywords: librarians; library; microform
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12536.pdf
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        item: #1530 of 5668
          id: crl-12537
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1973-05-01
       words: 3068
      flesch: 63
     summary: It then presents a research plan directed at development of three products: ( 1) an au- thoritative catalog of the present knowl- edge of library functions, elements, and techniques of design as they relate to li- brary physical facilities; ( 2) a manual for evaluating -the ·performance of components of library facilities and for generating spec- ifications of ·requirements; and (3) a guide inquiry' system for developing library building design programs. This report outlines the requirements for a comprehensive, objective, and integrated guide to design of library physical facilities.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12537.pdf
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        item: #1531 of 5668
          id: crl-12539
      author: Yeh, Thomas Yen-Ran
       title: Library Peer Evaluation for Promotion and Merit Increase: How it Works
        date: 1973-07-01
       words: 2144
      flesch: 59
     summary: 2 The evaluation forms showed that the library faculty tended to endorse promotion more favorably than special merit increase: they cast 51.93 percent yes votes for faculty promotion, and 37.53 percent yes votes for special merit increase (which had been null the pre- vious year ) . Ironically, however, because female faculty held fewer advanced degrees be- yond M.A.L.S. and listed fewer scholar- ly .activities, female faculty cast only 50 percent yes votes for female faculty promotion and 32.81 percent no votes as compared with 58.73 percent yes votes for male faculty promotion and
    keywords: faculty; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12539.pdf
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        item: #1532 of 5668
          id: crl-12540
      author: Flener, Jane G.
       title: Staff Participation in Management in Large University Libraries
        date: 1973-07-01
       words: 2647
      flesch: 54
     summary: The aims of the site visits were to de- termine ( 1 ) the climate in which par- ticipation developed, ( 2) what prepara- tion was given staff before moving into this kind of organization, ( 3) what areas in decision making seemed best suited to staff participation, ( 4) what role the professional staff association plays, and finally ( 5) what portion of the staff was interested in participation and, in general, the staff reaction to the value of staff participation in the deci- sion-making process. Plans for staff participation provide groups from various departments to work together.
    keywords: library; participation; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12540.pdf
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        item: #1533 of 5668
          id: crl-12542
      author: Kuo, Frank F.
       title: A Comparison of Six Versions of Science Library Instructions
        date: 1973-07-01
       words: 1803
      flesch: 63
     summary: The fact that students in Group A V had op- portunities to ask questions of the li- brarian and vice versa may account for the success of this treatment. University students were ran- domly assigned to treatment groups, received verbal instruction with/ without supplementary visual illustrations and readings.
    keywords: group; instruction
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12542.pdf
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        item: #1534 of 5668
          id: crl-12543
      author: La Hood, Charles G.
       title: Microfilm for the Library of Congress
        date: 1973-07-01
       words: 2138
      flesch: 62
     summary: More than 5.6 million feet of positive print film were made from these and other negatives. By 1951, the Library had acquired 21,000 reels of positive microfilm from outside sources and from negatives filmed by photoreproduction.
    keywords: library; microfilm; negative
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12543.pdf
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        item: #1535 of 5668
          id: crl-12545
      author: Lederer, Norman
       title: What Black Librarians Are Saying (Book Review)
        date: 1973-07-01
       words: 1350
      flesch: 59
     summary: Following by several years his compila- tion The Black Librarian in America, E. J. Josey, chief of the Bureau of Academic and Research Libraries for the New York State Education Department, has submitted an- other collection of statements and remarks from black librarians throughout the na- tion. The last four parts of Josey's compilation contain essays varying in content from pleas for librarians to organize into unions; the necessity for professionals including black librarians to form caucuses within their respective professional societies and even within library systems; the manner in which blacks should be encouraged to use the resources of special libraries and a call for a great increase in the recruitment of I 315 316 I College & Research Libraries • July 1973 blacks by library schools and, if need be, preferential treatment by these agencies.
    keywords: black; festschriften
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12545.pdf
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        item: #1536 of 5668
          id: crl-12546
      author: Brunswick, Sheldon R.
       title: Index to Festschriften in Jewish Studies (Book Review)
        date: 1973-07-01
       words: 2184
      flesch: 66
     summary: Even if the choice of subject heading list were satisfactory, much remains undone within the subject index. The three specific objectives are: ( 1) to determine if key social science terms are connotatively similar to subject headings, ( 2) to deter- mine if such similarity, or lack of it, facili- tates retrieval, and ( 3) to determine if the degree of similarity varies for different types of social science terms.
    keywords: index; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12546.pdf
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        item: #1537 of 5668
          id: crl-12547
      author: Terwilliger, Gloria
       title: Information and Library Science Source Book; a Supplement to Documentation Source Book (Book Review)
        date: 1973-07-01
       words: 699
      flesch: 56
     summary: The three specific objectives are: ( 1) to determine if key social science terms are connotatively similar to subject headings, ( 2) to deter- mine if such similarity, or lack of it, facili- tates retrieval, and ( 3) to determine if the degree of similarity varies for different types of social science terms. The study examines the meaning and function of headings in the area of social science, the main purpose being to determine the congruence b etween terminology in the social sciences and sub- ject headings used by libraries.
    keywords: information
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        item: #1538 of 5668
          id: crl-12548
      author: Painter, Ann F.
       title: Concepts and Subject Headings: Their Relation in Information Retrieval and Library Science (Book Review)
        date: 1973-07-01
       words: 1417
      flesch: 58
     summary: The three specific objectives are: ( 1) to determine if key social science terms are connotatively similar to subject headings, ( 2) to deter- mine if such similarity, or lack of it, facili- tates retrieval, and ( 3) to determine if the degree of similarity varies for different types of social science terms. The study examines the meaning and function of headings in the area of social science, the main purpose being to determine the congruence b etween terminology in the social sciences and sub- ject headings used by libraries.
    keywords: library; science
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12548.pdf
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        item: #1539 of 5668
          id: crl-12549
      author: Georgi, Charlotte; Truelson, Judith
       title: Planning the Special Library (Book Review)
        date: 1973-07-01
       words: 1479
      flesch: 58
     summary: The results indicate a need for a philosophical change within library science to perhaps a more contemporary approach. Chapter one compares 665 general social science terms with those found in the Library of Congress Subject Heading List; chapter two relates the subject heading and inter- disciplinary social science terms; chapter three compares subject headings and terms in sociology; chapter four compares subdi- visions in social science with subject head- ings; chapter five compares the term val- ue; and chapters six and seven deal with the degree to which subject headings refer to books basic to the study of the field.
    keywords: library; science
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12549.pdf
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        item: #1540 of 5668
          id: crl-12551
      author: Namenwirth, Micha S.
       title: Bibliographic Control of Microforms (Book Review)
        date: 1973-07-01
       words: 1391
      flesch: 63
     summary: (Guide is available through the Montana Historical Society Library, Helena, Montana.) · Fessler, Aaron L., ed. The whole production leaves a sorry im- pression of library and information science education at the Ph.D. leveL-Peter G. Watson, Head~ Center for Information Ser- vices, University of California at Los An- geles Library.
    keywords: libraries; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12551.pdf
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        item: #1541 of 5668
          id: crl-12552
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1973-07-01
       words: 6824
      flesch: 58
     summary: What is essential is Letters I 311 a lot of experience with libraries, and with library related work. I 309 ulty search committees and their reliance on other head librarians, the limited admin- istrative talent available in the heirs ap- parent, and the failure of librarians to or- chestrate their opinions concerning the changing role of library directors to faculty and university administrators and decision makers.
    keywords: academic; college; editor; faculty; librarians; library; professional; status; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12552.pdf
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        item: #1542 of 5668
          id: crl-12553
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic LIbrarians; Abstracts
        date: 1973-07-01
       words: 1766
      flesch: 66
     summary: This collection of documents contains the following: ( 1) Proposal to Implement a Plan to Create a Retrospective Union Cata- log of Books Based on Library of Congress Card Numbers in Selected Louisiana Li- braries Using a Computer to Sort and Print the Numbers; (2) Proposal to Create a Retrospective Union Catalog of Books in Participating Louisiana Libraries Based on Library of Congress Card Numbers Using the Computer to Sort and List the Num- bers in Printed Form; ( 3) A One Million Volume Computer Output Microfiche Nu- merical Union Catalog in Louisiana, with a Statistical Summary; and, ( 4) Predicting Title Multiplication (Overlap) in a Union Catalog of Sixteen Louisiana Libraries Using Regression Analysis. I ~ LNR: Numerical Register of Books in Louisiana Libraries: Basic Documents, I. By Louisiana Libraries: Basic Docu- ments, I. By William E. McGrath and Donald J. Simon, Louisiana Library As- sociation, Baton Rouge.
    keywords: library; new; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12553.pdf
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        item: #1543 of 5668
          id: crl-12555
      author: Kaplan, Louis
       title: Participation: Some Basic Considerations on the Theme Of Academe
        date: 1973-09-01
       words: 3995
      flesch: 53
     summary: In this article three questions are asked: (1) whether faculty status for librarians automatically leads to greater participation in manage- ment; (2) whether the academic department is the best model for li- brarians; and (3) whether lack of skill in introducing participation may not lead to disillusionment. Aaron Lowin, Participation Decision Mak- ing, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 3:68-106 (Feb. 1968).
    keywords: departments; faculty; libraries; library; participation
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12555.pdf
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        item: #1544 of 5668
          id: crl-12556
      author: Rouse, William B.; Rouse, Sandra H.
       title: Use of a Librarian/Consultant Team to Study Library Operations
        date: 1973-09-01
       words: 2514
      flesch: 68
     summary: The analyst asked if it was reasonable to assume that service times for the two popula- tions (i.e., phone and in-person in- quiries) could be aggregated into a sin- gle service time distribution. Figures 1 and 2 show histograms of service times for phone inquiries, in- person inquiries, and interarrival times for each.
    keywords: librarian; library; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12556.pdf
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        item: #1545 of 5668
          id: crl-12557
      author: Axford, H. William
       title: Performance Measurement Revisited
        date: 1973-09-01
       words: 4098
      flesch: 63
     summary: Total Dollars Total Dollars Total Dollars Dollars Per Volume Dollars Per Volume Dollars Per Volume If these labor savings seem insignificant, it should be noted that for a library proc- essing 100,000 volumes a year, a one- TABLE 1 ~ LABOR COSTS (MINUTES PER VOLUME)
    keywords: cost; minutes; total; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12557.pdf
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        item: #1546 of 5668
          id: crl-12558
      author: Kim, Ung Chon
       title: A Comparison of Two Out-of-Print Book Buying Methods
        date: 1973-09-01
       words: 3614
      flesch: 68
     summary: The ser- vice charge is then calculated at $6.25 per issue, in this study, or about $.20 per located title. Some an- tiquarian book dealer catalogs list titles alphabetically under broad subject fields such as economics, history, literature, etc.; while others use smaller classifica- tions and list titles in several alphabet- ical groups such as American history, European history, ancient history, or modern history.
    keywords: catalogs; price; print; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12558.pdf
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        item: #1547 of 5668
          id: crl-12559
      author: Lee, David L.; Hall, Janet E.
       title: Female Library Science Students and the Occupational Stereotype: Fact or Fiction?
        date: 1973-09-01
       words: 1447
      flesch: 59
     summary: The stereotype could be used to infer that prospective librarians would not be similar to typical college students. The validity of the occupational stereotype for prospective librarians can be tested in a comparison .
    keywords: college; group
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12559.pdf
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        item: #1548 of 5668
          id: crl-12562
      author: Forth, Stuart
       title: The New Librarianship; A Challenge for Change (Book Review)
        date: 1973-09-01
       words: 1373
      flesch: 63
     summary: As the subtitle tells us, it is Number 3 in a series of seminar proceedings on approval plans and from all indications the subject has been exhausted, at least until a new breed of approval plan is devised to aid or bedevil the librarian. We have the scientific approach of a study of the economics of approval plans as well as chatty, off-the-cuff statements ex- plaining why approval plans fail.
    keywords: approval; book
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12562.pdf
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        item: #1549 of 5668
          id: crl-12563
      author: Watson, Peter G.
       title: Out of the Dinosaurs --the Evolution of the National Lending Library for Science and Technology (Book Review)
        date: 1973-09-01
       words: 1485
      flesch: 57
     summary: In seven tightly-organized chapters the author, who is senior lecturer in informa- · tion work at Liverpool Polytechnic, covers the fascinating historical background to the NLL; its staffing, stock, and records; the operational service; and the ancillary activ- ities (translations, courses, etc.) which con- stitute some of the best examples of the NLL' s creative, flexible, and undogmatic approach to modern library service. The title itself refers to one of NLL Director D. J. Urqu- hart's more provocative statements, here highlighted facing the title-page, comparing the failure of traditional libraries to see the significance of the NLL, to the dinosaurs' fatal incomprehension of the new species appearing around them.
    keywords: author; library; nll
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12563.pdf
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        item: #1550 of 5668
          id: crl-12564
      author: Novak, Gloria J.
       title: Academic Library Buildings, A Guide to Architectural Issues and Solutions
        date: 1973-09-01
       words: 1475
      flesch: 56
     summary: How- ever, patrons unfamiliar with library prac- tices cite publications by personal author, going to considerable lengths to identify some individual to whom the book can be attributed, and the resulting citation by personal author is difficult to track down in the subject-oriented index to the Month- ly Catalog. To a limited extent it is possible to find personal names in the Monthly Catalog prior to September 1947, when the reor- ganized Catalog ceased to index authors or other names associated with a specific pub- lication.
    keywords: author; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12564.pdf
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        item: #1551 of 5668
          id: crl-12566
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1973-09-01
       words: 5271
      flesch: 62
     summary: Because nonacademic (e.g., school, public, government, and spe- cial) library positions greatly outnumber those in academic libraries, it would be re- gretful if library schools were to so favor Ph.D. applicants that these highly-educated scholars would culminate their library edu- cation by vying for the privilege of running a circulation desk in a small town library. I believe, however, that the author IS needlessly worried about the ability of and, in fact, the desirability for library schools to respond to his so-called challenge by al- tering curricula and currying Ph.D.s.
    keywords: academic; crl; librarians; library; ph.d; profession; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12566.pdf
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        item: #1552 of 5668
          id: crl-12568
      author: Schiller, Anita R.
       title: Participative Management
        date: 1973-11-01
       words: 527
      flesch: 48
     summary: The NCLIS should examine how the recommended national library and information system will affect the knowledge workers who will operate it, and whether its social benefits to society will outweigh its social costs. Persuasive as these may be, the document ignores any discussion of social costs.
    keywords: information
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12568.pdf
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        item: #1553 of 5668
          id: crl-12569
      author: Dillon, Martin
       title: The Impact of Automation on the Content of Libraries and Information Centers
        date: 1973-11-01
       words: 4609
      flesch: 54
     summary: Two reasons and their influence on information systems are discussed: a shift in scientific endeavor from basic science to applied, leading to the emer- gence of programmatic research; and the technology of science itself. The second problem-availability of analytical techniques or models in the form of computer programs-requires for its solution better management of research efforts, and more cooperation ( legislated or otherwise) among librar- ies and information systems.
    keywords: computer; data; information; research; science; systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12569.pdf
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        item: #1554 of 5668
          id: crl-12571
      author: Johnson, Edward R.
       title: Applying "Management by Objectives" to the University Library
        date: 1973-11-01
       words: 1945
      flesch: 56
     summary: To reclassify on a title-by-title basis, 7,186 'open serial and periodical titles re- maining in the Dewey classification and currently listed in the Serial Record with- in a period of two years. Completion of the reclassification, title-by-title, of 7,187 titles, or 117,968 volumes, of all open serial titles, including 600 analyzed titles, at an average rate of 6 titles per day.
    keywords: objectives; reclassification; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12571.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12571.txt

        item: #1555 of 5668
          id: crl-12572
      author: Huling, Nancy
       title: Faculty Status--A Comprehensive Bibliography
        date: 1973-11-01
       words: 12924
      flesch: 56
     summary: I attempt- ed to include all articles, books, letters, and news items directly pertaining to the topic of faculty status. A perusal of the literature reveals a broad spectrum of opinion concerning faculty status.
    keywords: academic; academic librarians; academic status; association; college; college librarians; faculty status; librarians; library; research; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12572.pdf
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        item: #1556 of 5668
          id: crl-12573
      author: Miller, Laurence
       title: The Role of Circulation Services in the Major University Library
        date: 1973-11-01
       words: 4753
      flesch: 51
     summary: Architectural influences impose little or no restraint in the rationalization of circulation functions. A survey of 103 major academic libraries examined the professional/ nonprofessional functions, staffing patterns, changes, and manage- ment attitudes towards circulation departments.
    keywords: circulation; department; functions; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12573.pdf
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        item: #1557 of 5668
          id: crl-12575
      author: Eastlick, John T.
       title: The Metropolitan Library (Book Review)
        date: 1973-11-01
       words: 1369
      flesch: 58
     summary: Both chapters show the polit- ical and financial changes which have oc- curred in the last two decades, their effect on urban libraries, and identified future problems. There are also forty separate entries and annotations for Army Area Handbooks, each entry repeating essentially the same information with slight variations from country to country.
    keywords: library; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12575.pdf
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        item: #1558 of 5668
          id: crl-12579
      author: Stueart, Robert D.
       title: Reader in Technical Services (Book Review)
        date: 1973-11-01
       words: 1412
      flesch: 56
     summary: Who would be better than Mr. Apple- baum to select outstanding articles in the area of acquisitions, from policies to blan- ket-order plans, from administration to fu- ttue trends? Nonbook Materials, The Organization of Integrated Collections is a guide and a pre- cept for those who have accepted this chal- lenge.-Gloria Terwilliger, Director of Learning Resources, Alexandria Campus, Northern Virginia Community College.
    keywords: articles; cataloging; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12579.pdf
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        item: #1559 of 5668
          id: crl-12580
      author: Ellsworth, Dianne J.
       title: The Time-Lag in Cataloging (Book Review)
        date: 1973-11-01
       words: 1487
      flesch: 59
     summary: Samuel Rothstein, library educator, sketched briefly some of the academic and cur- ricular changes of the last century in higher education, which have led to the rise of a trained, service-directed class of professionals in modem libraries. If publishers find it worth their while to cooperate, and if libraries across the country are willing to accept CIP copy, then this book will simply be a record of past failures.
    keywords: cataloging; congress; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12580.pdf
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        item: #1560 of 5668
          id: crl-12583
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1973-11-01
       words: 4661
      flesch: 61
     summary: In letters to the editors of Library ] our- nal and several other library periodicals over the past few years, I have expressed considerable scepticism about the advisabil- ity of recruiting unemployed college teach- ers for library work. Great caution will be needed to ensure that peo- ple already in library work are not disad- vantaged by the recruitment of Ph.D.'s.
    keywords: culture; folklore; librarians; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12583.pdf
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        item: #1561 of 5668
          id: crl-12584
      author: Axford, H. William
       title: An Overlooked Cost of Achieving A Participatory Environment
        date: 1974-01-01
       words: 654
      flesch: 46
     summary: Until the implications of this basic proposition of par- ticipatory management theory are clearly understood and faced up to, the achievement of faculty status and professorial titles will b.e a somewhat hollow victory. Neverthe- less, it is a problem which must be squarely faced if we are to avoid a situ- ation in which the promise inherent in faculty status and a truly profes- sional working environment becomes, in the end, a :rn,ess of pottage.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12584.pdf
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        item: #1562 of 5668
          id: crl-12585
      author: Rowe, Judith S.; Ryan, Mary
       title: Library Service from Numerical Data Bases: The 1970 Census as a Paradigm
        date: 1974-01-01
       words: 5309
      flesch: 58
     summary: Once a library has de- cided how far along the continuum of possible data services it wishes to move (and this decision will inevitably be col- ored by the nature of any existing ser- vice at one's location ) , the question of how to finance these new activities must be confronted. There is a group of services ranging from reference through programming and keypunching, to which the user of census data, or of any data in machine- readable form, must have access.
    keywords: census; computer; data; library; service; tapes
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12585.pdf
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        item: #1563 of 5668
          id: crl-12587
      author: Harrelson, Larry E.
       title: Large Libraries and Information Desks
        date: 1974-01-01
       words: 3439
      flesch: 51
     summary: Various aspects of the structure of libraries are analyzed in relation to information desk services with some differences in ser- vices found between academic and public libraries. Jane P. Kleiner sur- veyed the member libraries of the Asso- ciation of Research Libraries in 1967 regarding information desk services and reported her results and conclusions in the November 1968 issue of College and Research Libraries .1 To broaden the knowledge base con- cerning information desks, the author conducted a mail survey of large aca- demic and public libraries in the spring of 1972.
    keywords: desk; information; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12587.pdf
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        item: #1564 of 5668
          id: crl-12588
      author: Gration, Shelby U.; Young, Arthur P.
       title: Reference-Bibliographers in the College Library
        date: 1974-01-01
       words: 3651
      flesch: 37
     summary: Robert Haro has written about a Renaissance bibliographer who per- forms as selector, reference librarian, and teacher. Reference service, along with selec- tion, is a key component of the refer- ence-bibliographer program.
    keywords: bibliographer; collection; faculty; library; reference; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12588.pdf
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        item: #1565 of 5668
          id: crl-12589
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1972-73
        date: 1974-01-01
       words: 6399
      flesch: 61
     summary: In- tentionally short, and admittedly un- even, they cover name, dates, country, education, career, and book titles. Author and title indexes increase the usefulness of the work.
    keywords: author; bibliography; books; guide; history; index; libraries; new; volume; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12589.pdf
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        item: #1566 of 5668
          id: crl-12590
      author: Veaner, Allen B.
       title: Auerbach on Microfilm Readers/Printers (Book Review)
        date: 1974-01-01
       words: 1380
      flesch: 54
     summary: The considerations of the preceding para- graph demonstrate a significant property of dove prisms: Object lines perpendicular to the base surface of the prism will ap- pear to be rotated 180 degrees by the prism, whereas object lines parallel to sur- face will not appear to be rotated. Auerbach could have performed a real service for readers (human, that is) by put- ting together a chapter summarizing the human and design problems associated with building microform viewers.
    keywords: auerbach; book
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12590.pdf
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        item: #1567 of 5668
          id: crl-12591
      author: Dudley, Norman
       title: The Area Specialist Bibliographer: An Inquiry into His Role (Book Review)
        date: 1974-01-01
       words: 1401
      flesch: 51
     summary: The study is based largely on responses to 362 questionnaires which were sent to area specialist bibliographers, library ad- ministrators, and faculty members who are teaching in area study programs in ARL institutions. Also, library ad- ministrators were noticeably less enthusias- tic than the bibliographers about their at- tending national area studies meetings or going on buying trips to their areas.
    keywords: area; bibliographers; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12591.pdf
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        item: #1568 of 5668
          id: crl-12594
      author: Tjaden, Margaret
       title: Discrimination Against Women; Congressional Hearings on Equal Rights in Education and Employment (Book Review)
        date: 1974-01-01
       words: 1432
      flesch: 54
     summary: Here are gathered all the strands that have been woven to make the strong fabric of sex discrimination which has worn so well for so long. (in conjunction with the Congressional Information Ser- vice, Washington, D.C.) Discrimination against Women; Congressional Hearings on Equal Rights in Education and Em- ployment.
    keywords: discrimination; women
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12594.pdf
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        item: #1569 of 5668
          id: crl-12595
      author: Barry, James W.
       title: Reader in Medical Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1974-01-01
       words: 1380
      flesch: 62
     summary: Here are gathered all the strands that have been woven to make the strong fabric of sex discrimination which has worn so well for so long. She states unequivocally that one must conceive of medical libraries as part of a medical system and that there always have been elements in medicine it- self which cause medical librarianship to differ from other kinds of librarianship.
    keywords: library; medical
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12595.pdf
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        item: #1570 of 5668
          id: crl-12596
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1974-01-01
       words: 5650
      flesch: 57
     summary: Yes, many noises are made about the need for and use of subject specialists in academic libraries, but did Dr. Moffett make a survey to find how many are in charge of subject departments in academic libraries and what they do? As the study for new or revised stan- dards for academic libraries is getting un- derway, it seems to me that the ACRL Standards Committee might well consider the possibility of a research/systems, or R & D, unit as one of the requirements in the standards for the libraries of senior re- search universities, and as a strong recom- mendation for those academic libraries on the tier immediately below the senior insti- tutions, and so on down the line.
    keywords: academic; college; faculty; librarians; library; research; status
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12596.pdf
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        item: #1571 of 5668
          id: crl-12597
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1974-01-01
       words: 4904
      flesch: 59
     summary: Amer- ican Library Association, 1973. The sec- ond purpose is to attempt to clearly com- municate with all interested parties on the status, pitfalls, and potentials of a library interest cooperative endeavor in the six Southwestern Library Association states.
    keywords: association; information; libraries; library; new; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12597.pdf
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        item: #1572 of 5668
          id: crl-12598
      author: Dougherty, Richard M.
       title: At the Brink of Federation
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 474
      flesch: 54
     summary: If the ACRL personal membership were to decline to the 8,000 level, the total revenue available to division activities, once publication costs are sub- tracted, would amount to $70,000. The $15 division charge will discourage some members from participating in divisional activities.
    keywords: acrl
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        item: #1573 of 5668
          id: crl-12599
      author: Boyer, Calvin J.
       title: State-Wide Contracts for Library Materials: An Analysis of the Attendant Dysfunctional Consequences
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 4823
      flesch: 54
     summary: If contract discounts offered by a wholesaler do not differ appreciably be- tween a contract negotiated by an indi- vidual and a collective one negotiated by the state, is there . More than negating the proposed val- ue of such contracts, these undesirable consequences result in exces- sive expenditure of library staff time that greatly exceeds projected savings predicated upon discounts to be .gained through traditional procedures.
    keywords: contracts; libraries; library; materials; state; wide
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        item: #1574 of 5668
          id: crl-12600
      author: Heinritz, Fred
       title: Rate of Growth For Library Collections
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 884
      flesch: 82
     summary: A table is given to show conveniently up to a twenty-year interval and/ or a doubling of the collection the annual rate of growth of any library collection, given the growth period in years and the size of the collection at the beginning and end of this period. USE OF THE TABLE The only data needed to use the ta- ble are the number of years covered ( T), and the size of the collection at the beginning ( P) and end (A) of this period.
    keywords: growth
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        item: #1575 of 5668
          id: crl-12601
      author: Downs, Robert B.
       title: Library Resources in the United States
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 4422
      flesch: 58
     summary: Louisiana ( 4) New Mexico ( 2) Baton Rouge 2,102,149 Albuquerque 1,518,453 104 I College & Research Libraries • March 1974 TABLE 2-Continued Santa Fe 788,186 Pittsburgh 9,076,306 New York ( 14} State College 2,202,977 Albany 7,271,047 Wilkes-Barre 1,363,365 Allred 542,819 Rhode Island ( 1 } Binghamton 1,007,284 Providence 7,262,748 Buffalo 6,504,369 South Carolina ( 3) Elmira 740,676 Charleston 733,163 Ithaca 4,654,116 Columbia 2,442,470 New York City 47,305,190 Greenville 1,862,782 Potsdam 698,432 South Dakota ( 1) Poughkeepsie 2,346,182 Vermillion 523,096 Rochester 4,279,592 Tennessee ( 6) Schenectady 1,314,360 Chattanooga 914,241 Stony Brook 2,283,336 Johnson City 656,722 Syracuse 3,039,009 Knoxville 2,821,730 Utica 1,733,360 Martin 528,921 North Carolina ( 9} Memphis 2,087,296 Asheville 766,151 Nashville 4,600,596 Boone 538,170 Texas ( 14) TABLE 1 LmRARY CENTERS, OF NOT ovER 50 MILES RADIUS (AIRLINE), CoNTAINING 500,000 VoLUMES oR MoRE Rank Volumes in Rank Volumes in Rank Volumes in City 1973 Area, 1973 1955 Area, 1955 1935 Area, 1935 New York City, N.Y. 1 47,305,190 2 24,688,777 1 12,910,623 Washington, D. C. 2 39,728,774 1 25,356,917 2 11,744,966 Boston, Mass. 3 30,467,291 3 18,334,377 3 10,709,614 Los Angeles, Calif. 4 24,455,236 5 10,096,635 5 6,564,016 Chicago, Ill. 5 22,414,327 4 12,519,393 4 6,691,144 Philadelphia, Pa. 6 14,759,903 6 7,867,242 6 4,805,252 San Francisco, Calif.
    keywords: new; rank; rank volumes; volumes
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        item: #1576 of 5668
          id: crl-12603
      author: Webster, Duane E.
       title: The Management Review and Analysis Program: An Assisted Self-Study to Secure Constructive Change in the Management of Research Libraries
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 5816
      flesch: 49
     summary: The program assists libraries in reviewing and analyzing their current management policies and practices, and provides guidelines for the application of contemporary principles of management for the improvement of library programs. Incen- tives noted by past participants include significant changes in the university en- vironment, which call for reassessment of library programs; desire to involve staff more effectively in the resolution of basic issues facing the library; inter- est in conbibuting to the management training and education of librarians; and a need to order the library's priori- ties in regard to operating problems.
    keywords: libraries; library; management; program; staff; study
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        item: #1577 of 5668
          id: crl-12604
      author: Lynch, Beverly P.
       title: The Academic Library and Its Environment
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 3780
      flesch: 43
     summary: Little sys- tem,atic investigation has been undertak- en of library environments and the im- pact of those environments upon the individual library. 2 Spence correlates mea- sures of library size with various dimen- sions of library structure.
    keywords: environment; libraries; library; organization
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        item: #1578 of 5668
          id: crl-12605
      author: Hendricks, Donald D.
       title: Proceedings of the 1972 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing: Applications of On-Line Computers to Library Problems (Book Review)
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 673
      flesch: 64
     summary: Proceedings of the 1972 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing: Applications of On- Line Computers to Library Problems. University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library Science; London: Clive Bing- ley, 1972.
    keywords: applications; library
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        item: #1579 of 5668
          id: crl-12606
      author: Ball, Joyce
       title: The Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications; An Introduction to Its Use (Book Review)
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 1408
      flesch: 63
     summary: Chapter I contains four pages of original text describing the essential bibliographic elements which may be found in the Monthly Catalog. The course is divided into eight units of study: a general introduction, computer technology, systems analysis, the MARC program, library clerical processes, refer- ence and SDI services, related technologies, and library networks.
    keywords: catalog; library; monthly
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        item: #1580 of 5668
          id: crl-12607
      author: Pasternack, Howard
       title: Application of Computer Technology to Library Processes: A Syllabus (Book Review)
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 1470
      flesch: 61
     summary: The first is a reproduction of the List of Classes of U.S. Government Publications Available for Selection by Depository Libraries (31 pages) . This syllabus treats economics minimally, and omits operations research and manage- ment information systems entirely.
    keywords: catalog; library; monthly
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        item: #1581 of 5668
          id: crl-12610
      author: Harris, Michael H.
       title: Targets for Research in Library Education (Book Review)
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 721
      flesch: 51
     summary: At first one is puzzled at the rather con- siderable success of this book, especially in comparison to earlier cooperative attempts to understand library education. Each author was asked to define the problem under discussion, to critically an- alyze previous research in this area, to sug- gest needed research, and finally to specu- late on how the findings generated by such research might be utilized to improve the quality of library education.
    keywords: library
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        item: #1582 of 5668
          id: crl-12611
      author: McClure, Charles R.
       title: Reader in Government Documents (Book Review)
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 684
      flesch: 48
     summary: O'Hara's personal knowledge about government documents in the form of ei- ther an introductory essay or an annotated bibliography would have added much to this volume. Taking time off from his regular column, Selected Government Publications, which appears in Wilson Library Bulletin, Profes- sor O'Hara of the Graduate Library School at Long Island University has assembled twenty-five articles and excerpts introduc- ing government documents.
    keywords: o'hara
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        item: #1583 of 5668
          id: crl-12612
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 500
      flesch: 53
     summary: If the arguments which have been put forth by librarians since 1878, as shown in the bibliography, are well-founded and agreed upon within the library profession, then would some of these librarians who have presented views recast the articles for ad- ministrative or teaching journals? ALA should pro- vide more for the academic librarian or academic librarians will/ must organize an alternative organization.
    keywords: library
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        item: #1584 of 5668
          id: crl-12613
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 1127
      flesch: 62
     summary: O'Hara's personal knowledge about government documents in the form of ei- ther an introductory essay or an annotated bibliography would have added much to this volume. Taking time off from his regular column, Selected Government Publications, which appears in Wilson Library Bulletin, Profes- sor O'Hara of the Graduate Library School at Long Island University has assembled twenty-five articles and excerpts introduc- ing government documents.
    keywords: libraries; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12613.pdf
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        item: #1585 of 5668
          id: crl-12614
      author: Painter, Ann F.
       title: Change! Change! Change!
        date: 1974-05-01
       words: 586
      flesch: 66
     summary: There is also an aura of excitement, of challenge, that wafts on the winds of change. Academic libraries, while probably in reality no worse than any other type of library, have become known almost as arch-enemies of change, their excuses being no money, no time, no staff, we are doing our duty, ' or even ..
    keywords: change
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        item: #1586 of 5668
          id: crl-12616
      author: Peep, L.; Sinkevicius, K.
       title: Financing System of USSR University Libraries
        date: 1974-05-01
       words: 3028
      flesch: 55
     summary: 2 In the entire library system of higher education, university libraries perform a significant role. The role of university libraries in edu- cational work as well as in scientific re- This article is a revision of a paper pre- sented by the authors at the 39th IFLA Congress, Grenoble, 1973.
    keywords: libraries; library; students; university
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        item: #1587 of 5668
          id: crl-12617
      author: Segre, Rose
       title: University Libraries in Italy: The Crisis
        date: 1974-05-01
       words: 4424
      flesch: 54
     summary: College and Research Libraries ROSE SEGRE University Libraries in Italy: The Crisis Persists Italian university libraries are poorly organized and underutilized de- spite efforts by professional librarians, who are few in number and given little of the deserved consideration in an atmosphere in which the growing importance of the library in the field of learning is not always understood. Vosper's re- port was published in 1962 in College and Research Libraries and Hamlin's survey appeared in Libri in 1965.1 These studies revealed the deficiencies of Italian university libraries: an almost absolute dearth of funds, both for the conservation and updating of their ex- tremely valuable collections and for the organization of adequate library ser- vices to students and scholars.
    keywords: italian; libraries; library; university; university libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12617.pdf
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        item: #1588 of 5668
          id: crl-12619
      author: Beeler, Richard J.
       title: Late-Study Areas: A Means Of Extending Library Hours
        date: 1974-05-01
       words: 1900
      flesch: 68
     summary: As one librari- an remarked, I will personally open the library for any student who can show me a schedule allowing no time for study during library hours. Room Count I anuary 3 I anuary 30 11 17 5 12 3 9 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 2 5 5 March8 79 43 29 2.4 19 20 17 23 The need for longer library hours must certainly be considered in light of the individual campus situation, with particular attention paid to the exist- ence of adequate study space elsewhere on campus.
    keywords: hours; study; university
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        item: #1589 of 5668
          id: crl-12620
      author: Saffady, William
       title: A University Archives and Records Management Program: Some Operational Guidelines
        date: 1974-05-01
       words: 3766
      flesch: 53
     summary: The advantages of an appropriately administered archival and records management program are ob- vious. Most college and university archives, however, were originally formed out of collections of materials used in the preparation of an institutional history Mr. Saffady is archivist and records man- agement specialist, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
    keywords: archives; office; records; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12620.pdf
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        item: #1590 of 5668
          id: crl-12623
      author: Kaser, David
       title: The Dimensions of Comparative Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1974-05-01
       words: 682
      flesch: 50
     summary: Comparative librarianship, he proposes, may be defined as the analysis of libraries, library systems, some aspect of librarian- ship, or library problems in two or morena- tional, cultural, or societal environments, in terms of socio-political, economic, cul- tural, ideological, and historical contexts. He finds variety, unclarity, and con- tradiction in the library community as to the meaning of comparative librarianship, and he proposes a definition.
    keywords: comparative
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        item: #1591 of 5668
          id: crl-12626
      author: Haak, John R.
       title: A Challenge for Academic Libraries; How to Motivate Students to Use the Library (Book Review)
        date: 1974-05-01
       words: 1361
      flesch: 55
     summary: First he covers the development of the philosophy of library service at the institu- tion, and, less importantly, its historical statistics. As a re- sult, a number of academic libraries have been experimenting with a variety of orien- tation and instructional programs geared toward integrating the library into the un- dergraduates' community of learning and toward helping students develop as capable self-learners.
    keywords: library; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12626.pdf
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        item: #1592 of 5668
          id: crl-12627
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1974-05-01
       words: 1606
      flesch: 50
     summary: Mr. Axford's editorial in your January is- sue which advocated the elimination of middle-management as the quick step to developing a participatory environment in libraries is a simplistic approach to a complex problem. Libraries need to abandon the prin- ciples that middle-management have years of experience and a patina of book dust, and that most authority goes to the most authoritarian.
    keywords: library; management; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12627.pdf
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        item: #1593 of 5668
          id: crl-12628
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1974-05-01
       words: 3482
      flesch: 66
     summary: Cornell University libraries maintains one central technical services processing depart- ment which processes all material for en- dowed division libraries. Toward the Improvement of Library Education.
    keywords: libraries; library; new; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12628.pdf
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        item: #1594 of 5668
          id: crl-12629
      author: Dougherty, Richard M.
       title: Looking Forward/ Looking Back
        date: 1974-07-01
       words: 434
      flesch: 54
     summary: College and Research Libraries Looking Forward/Looking Back The social unrest which occupied the country's attention during the late sixties challenged many venerated social traditions. The situation has become so serious in some parts of the country that graduates of library schools are asking, even demanding appointments to nonprofessional positions.
    keywords: social
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        item: #1595 of 5668
          id: crl-12630
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1973-74
        date: 1974-07-01
       words: 6254
      flesch: 58
     summary: Ar- rangement is the familiar geographical one, but title indexes are a new and useful fea- ture. There are author and subject indexes.
    keywords: articles; bibliography; books; edition; guide; index; literature; reference; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12630.pdf
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        item: #1596 of 5668
          id: crl-12631
      author: Dix, William
       title: The Financing of the Research Library
        date: 1974-07-01
       words: 3760
      flesch: 54
     summary: We have attempted to identify the nature and functions of the large uni- versity and research library, to indicate - - l -· 258 I College & Researcli Libraries • July 1974 Yet university library costs are related much less directly to numbers of students than they are to factors such as the number of fields offered, the na- ture of each field, the quality of the col- lections, and above all the research ele- 111ent.
    keywords: libraries; library; national; research; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12631.pdf
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        item: #1597 of 5668
          id: crl-12632
      author: Weber, David C.
       title: The Dynamics of the Library Environment for Professional Staff Growth
        date: 1974-07-01
       words: 5162
      flesch: 48
     summary: Timing, as well as the time re- quired, are occasionally significant ele- ments limiting the effective pursuit of staff development programs. Each offers op- portunities for library staff to work with colleagues with similar interests in other organizations.
    keywords: development; employee; library; professional; staff; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12632.pdf
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        item: #1598 of 5668
          id: crl-12633
      author: Ballhausen, J.; Salem, L.; Linnett, J. W.; Lehn, J. M.; Khorana, H. G.; Huisgen, R.; Hoffman, R.; Havinga, E.; Eschenmoser, A.; Cotton, F. A.; Wilkinson, G.
       title: Too Many Chemistry Journals
        date: 1974-07-01
       words: 928
      flesch: 57
     summary: The quality of new journals needs to be compared carefully with the stan- dards set by other established journals. We doubt that many of them have tried seriously to convince their respective national chem- ical societies to establish new journals where need clearly existed.
    keywords: journals; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12633.pdf
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        item: #1599 of 5668
          id: crl-12634
      author: Bommer, Michael; Ford, Bernard
       title: A Cost-Benefit Analysis for Determining the Value of an Electronic Security System
        date: 1974-07-01
       words: 4997
      flesch: 64
     summary: TABLE 2 SAMPLING OF DOCUMENTS LosT: SEPT.-OcT. 1971 Document Acquisition Date 1971 1970 1969 1968 Total Number of DocQments in Sample0 313 388 365 325 1,391 Number of Documents Lost as of Sept.-Oct. Based upon the estimated number of lost documents, a further estimate is made regarding the number lost by theft.
    keywords: cost; documents; library; number
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12634.pdf
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        item: #1600 of 5668
          id: crl-12635
      author: Kaser, David
       title: Library Access and the Mobility of Users
        date: 1974-07-01
       words: 2532
      flesch: 59
     summary: Communities with none of these capabilities, on the other hand, have sometimes foregone library service entirely. rowed was soon lying awake nights wondering how to justify the imbalance to his own students, some of whom had gone into debt to attend this university rather than a less expensive one, or to his own community that had perhaps overtaxed itself in order to gain a quality of library service higher than that of its neighbors.
    keywords: costs; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12635.pdf
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        item: #1601 of 5668
          id: crl-12636
      author: Walton, Clyde C.
       title: Access Denied? The Use of Manuscript Material
        date: 1974-07-01
       words: 220
      flesch: 50
     summary: Nevertheless, the basic issues are fully developed in the two papers we are able to present here, with Dr. McFeely speaking for open access and Dr. Simon pointing out the problems involved in open access. The Use of Manuscript Material Assembled to Support the Publi- cation of 'The Collected Works of ... ,' The topic was explored by three scholars: Dr. Herman Kahn, assistant director for manuscripts and archives, Yale University; Dr. William S. McFeely, professor of history, Mt. Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts; Dr. John Y. Simon, executive director, Ulysses S. Grant Association and editor, The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, Southern Illinois University, Carbon- dale, Illinois.
    keywords: manuscripts
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12636.pdf
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        item: #1602 of 5668
          id: crl-12637
      author: McFeely, William S.
       title: The Civility of Scholars
        date: 1974-07-01
       words: 3284
      flesch: 70
     summary: We want to know as much as is possible about men so im- portant that neither they nor other men of their era can be known without know- ing what they said. editions is, after all, to make available the whole of the writings of men who have made a critical difference in our history.
    keywords: access; letters; papers; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12637.pdf
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        item: #1603 of 5668
          id: crl-12638
      author: Simon, John Y.
       title: Editorial Projects as Derivative Archive
        date: 1974-07-01
       words: 2324
      flesch: 47
     summary: Thanks to the Xerox age, new interest in documentary editing, and a greater demand for authenticity in American his- tory, scholarly projects involving the col- lecting of the papers of leading figures in the American past have· multiplied rapidly in the last twenty years. In addition, editorial project files, like individual scholarly files, are arranged for a specific purpose rather than for general use, and cannot be made avail- able in their entirety to outside scholars without considerable rearrangement and the creation of additional finding aids.
    keywords: libraries; photocopies; projects
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12638.pdf
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        item: #1604 of 5668
          id: crl-12639
      author: Eaton, Nancy L.
       title: Non-Book Materials Cataloging Rules; Integrated Code of Practice and Draft Revision of the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules British Text Part III (Book Review)
        date: 1974-07-01
       words: 1279
      flesch: 54
     summary: At the same time, the Library Associa- tion was aware of the inadequacy of the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR) of 1967 with respect to non-book materials. Other standards of non-book ma- terials cataloging also were published dur- ing this peri'od-the AECT' s Standards for Cataloging Non-print Materials and the 1970 draft of Jean Riddle Weihs' Non-book Materials: The Organisation of Integrated Collections.
    keywords: library; rules
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12639.pdf
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        item: #1605 of 5668
          id: crl-12642
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1974-07-01
       words: 2675
      flesch: 53
     summary: Librari- ans are in great need of internalizing the concepts of the open system theory and ap- plying them to library operations. There appear to be two patterns by which deci'sion making is delegated to university libraries, and they tend to be mutually exclusive.
    keywords: boss; library; mbo; model
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12642.pdf
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        item: #1606 of 5668
          id: crl-12643
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1974-07-01
       words: 2325
      flesch: 65
     summary: The study de- scribed in this report involves using such a data base to analyze aspects of library use and non-use and types of users. A major question is raised as to what is library use/non-use.
    keywords: libraries; library; research; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12643.pdf
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        item: #1607 of 5668
          id: crl-12644
      author: Johnson, Richard D.
       title: Editorial
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 378
      flesch: 53
     summary: In this issue, for example, a number of such subjects are represented: resources, interlibrary cooperation, library management, specific library operations as shown in inventory and loan procedures, library automation, and international librarianship. This led him to suggest that this is one reason his journal is read and library journals are not.
    keywords: journal
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        item: #1608 of 5668
          id: crl-12645
      author: Smith, Jessie Carney
       title: Special Collections of Black Literature in the Traditionally Black College
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 7792
      flesch: 55
     summary: The high mechanization, mas- sive collections, and generous budgets that characterize many of the prestig- ious libraries in America are unknown to black libraries. In addition to their focus on black materials, the common element in the history of black libraries just described, including the Schomburg Collection, is the lack of proper financial support, staff, and quarters for processing and preserving the rich materials and for making them more readily available to scholars.
    keywords: black; collections; fisk; libraries; library; materials; special; university
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        item: #1609 of 5668
          id: crl-12646
      author: Stevens, Rolland E.
       title: A Study of Interlibrary Loan
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 4491
      flesch: 54
     summary: The justification for combining state library requests with those from public libraries is that state libraries have most often served as re- source libraries for the public libraries in the state. The evidence leans toward ranking public libraries, public library systems, and state libraries as ,the heav- iest borrowers.
    keywords: interlibrary; libraries; loan; study
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        item: #1610 of 5668
          id: crl-12648
      author: Clark, Jay B.
       title: An Approach to Collection Inventory
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 1889
      flesch: 67
     summary: The second step in the last phase of the inventory was to pull catalog cards from the official catalog, main public catalog, and departmental catalog. While there was a backlog of book cards for vol- umes reported lost that had not been withdrawn from the catalog, the back- log could not explain the losses indicat- ed by the sample inventory.
    keywords: inventory; library
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        item: #1611 of 5668
          id: crl-12649
      author: Baaske, Jan; Tolliver, Don L.; Westerberg, Judy
       title: Overdue Policies: a Comparison of Alternatives
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 2729
      flesch: 67
     summary: Is the percentage of return for overdue books significantly increased by the distribu- tion of overdue notices and threats of Overdue Policies I 355 encumbrance? What are the effects of non- notification of overdue books?
    keywords: encumbrance; group; overdue
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        item: #1612 of 5668
          id: crl-12651
      author: Horny, Karen
       title: Automation of Technical Services: Northwestern's Experience
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 3010
      flesch: 43
     summary: In the development of a viable com- puter support design, the importance of a strong, direct relationship between li- brarians and systems staff is impossible to overemphasize. Northwestern's experience has confirmed the value of a direct systems and library staff rela- tionship, close attention to fiscal reali- ties, development of on-line capabili- ties, complete utilization of available hardware and personnel, and a primary emphasis on c.ommunication.
    keywords: computer; library; staff; system; technical
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        item: #1613 of 5668
          id: crl-12652
      author: Danton, J. Periam
       title: International and Area Studies Librarianship. Case Studies (Book Review)
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 631
      flesch: 56
     summary: In case four, Foreign Folklore, the principal ques- tions addressed to the student are whether folklore materials are essential in the teach- ing of Spanish and appropriate for a college library; what obligation the college librari- an has in aiding an instructor to obtain ma- terials she deems necessary for her teach- 372 I Recent Publications i'ng; who is responsible for setting acquisi- tions policy; whether folklore is a disci- pline; and abstracting and indexing services in the field of folklore ( p.34). Thus, the :first case, The Chinese Cataloger, is concerned solely with personnel policy questions which do not in the least depend upon the fact that the staff member involved happens to be competent in Chinese (p.16-17).
    keywords: library
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        item: #1614 of 5668
          id: crl-12653
      author: Ball, Joyce
       title: Sources of Information in the Social Sciences: A Guide to the Literature (Book Review)
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 1345
      flesch: 55
     summary: Each sec- tion, as in the first edition, is made up of a bibliographic essay on the discipline and its literature, followed by guides to the lit- erature and major reference works. The guides to the literature sections and reference materials sections are obviously more repetitive.
    keywords: library; reference
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        item: #1615 of 5668
          id: crl-12654
      author: McClure, Charles R.
       title: Archives Procedural Manual (Book Review)
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 1416
      flesch: 52
     summary: These combine beautifully under Dr. Wln'te' s direction into a thorough, scholar- ly contribution to bibliographic literature. Such at- tempts at standardization are commend- able, for without procedural manuals ar- chival consistency cannot be maintained.
    keywords: literature; manual
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        item: #1616 of 5668
          id: crl-12655
      author: Stueart, Robert D.
       title: The Doctoral Dissertation as an Information Source: A Study of Scientific Information Flow (Book Review)
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 1400
      flesch: 51
     summary: After a nondescript foreword and an ane- mic preface, chapter one, Libraries and Technology from Several Perspectives, contains a review of a few selected studies of technologies used by libraries within the last decade. Recent Publications I 375 ing Functions, is seven pages in length and attempts to do the impossible by com- bining a discussion of bibliographic access and library processing functions.
    keywords: chapter; library
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        item: #1617 of 5668
          id: crl-12658
      author: Edelman, Hendrik
       title: The Acquisition of Library Materials (Book Review)
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 1487
      flesch: 62
     summary: A good example of his careful gen- eralization is the disappointing chapter on collection development and selection pro- cedures when he states: Some academic libraries do not allocate funds to depart- menbl, and others have control over alloca- tions that permit library staff members to make purchases from them. I cannot recom- mend it to others.-N orman D. Stevens, University of Connecticut Library, Storrs, Connecticut.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #1618 of 5668
          id: crl-12659
      author: Kaser, David
       title: Book Clubs & Printing Societies of Great Britain and Ireland (Book Review)
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 1459
      flesch: 58
     summary: After a brief survey of seventeenth- and 378 I College & Research Libraries • September 1974 eighteenth-centuty precursors to this partic- ular genre of book club, Sir Harold chroni- cles the establishment in 1812 and the early history of the Roxburghe Club. In- dividuals and libraries with interest in bib- liographic printing and the early book clubs and scholarly text societies will want copies.
    keywords: book; library; societies
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        item: #1619 of 5668
          id: crl-12660
      author: Dunkin, Paul S.
       title: The Universal Decimal Classification: The History, Present Status, and Future Prospects of a Large General Classification Scheme (Book Review)
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 1466
      flesch: 59
     summary: Then he gets down to the nitty-gritty: There are full editions of UDC and me- dium editions and abridged editions and special subject editions, all in various stages of development, in various degrees of mod- ernity, and in various languages. The authors ap- pear to have the viewpoint that librarians will, by working through this book, be less likely to be snowed by computer people when electronic data services are talked about.
    keywords: classification; library; udc
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        item: #1620 of 5668
          id: crl-12661
      author: Lubans, John
       title: Computer-Based Reference Service (Book Review)
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 1416
      flesch: 60
     summary: The authors ap- pear to have the viewpoint that librarians will, by working through this book, be less likely to be snowed by computer people when electronic data services are talked about. What this book turns out to be is an in- troductory technical manual (based on a 1971 ALA preconference) on some aspects of electronic data use; e.g., document pro- cessing in ERIC, binary numeration, Boo- lean Logic, and weighing.
    keywords: computer; librarians; library
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        item: #1621 of 5668
          id: crl-12662
      author: Watson, Peter G.
       title: Proceedings of the 1973 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing: Networking and Other Forms of Co-operation (Book Review)
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 674
      flesch: 55
     summary: The obvious expertise of the authors could have been used to help other librari- ans learn about providing electronic data bases in reference service to a library's users.-]ohn Lubans, ]r., Assistant Director for Public Services, University of Colorado Libraries, Boulder, Colorado. The oft-repeated platitude that runs The major problems are not technological, but organi- zational and administrative seems depress- ingly confirmed by recurring comments on the problems of properly financing coopera- tive activity; or persuading librarians to give up some control of their operations and services; of being dependent upon a computer center which has many other mis- sions and user groups; of increasing user ex- pectations which then are not fulfilled; of whether and how to charge for services, etc.
    keywords: library
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        item: #1622 of 5668
          id: crl-12664
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 1487
      flesch: 75
     summary: (ATLA Bibliography Series, no.1) Me- tuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow, and the Ameri- can Theological Library Assn., 197 4. University of Illi- nois Graduate School of Library Science, 1973.
    keywords: isbn; library; new
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        item: #1623 of 5668
          id: crl-12665
      author: Johnson, Richard D.
       title: Good Will and Confidence
        date: 1974-11-01
       words: 388
      flesch: 54
     summary: In their article Project Library Ripoff, Clyde Hendrick and Marjorie E. Murfin summarize students' views on the mutilation of library materials. To cope with this problem, Hendrick and Murfin recommend a major program of information for library users.
    keywords: library
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        item: #1624 of 5668
          id: crl-12667
      author: Raffel, Jeffrey A.
       title: From Economic to Political Analysis of Library Decision Making
        date: 1974-11-01
       words: 6629
      flesch: 58
     summary: Be- low, David Easton's descriptive frame- work is used to raise the normative ques- tions which library decision makers should be addressing.15 Easton defines politics as the authori- tative allocation of values for a society. We should ask, as does Easton, what institutions exist to filter and chan- nel demands to library decision makers?
    keywords: analysis; cost; decision; libraries; library; political; public
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        item: #1625 of 5668
          id: crl-12668
      author: Reynolds, Michael M.
       title: Library Cooperation: The Ideal and the Reality
        date: 1974-11-01
       words: 4885
      flesch: 40
     summary: In the former, success would be a function of how ef- fectively a library met the requirements for library services of the larger organi- zation; as a coalition of professional or- ganizations, the question would be how well they met society's archival require- ments and its need for materials and in- formation. Among the alternatives is library cooperation, which is not only an ex- pression of the professional ethic but is a valid mechanism for broadening the base of library services.
    keywords: cooperation; exchange; libraries; library; means; professional
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        item: #1626 of 5668
          id: crl-12669
      author: Lynch, Beverly P.
       title: A Framework for a Comparative Analysis of Library Work
        date: 1974-11-01
       words: 6544
      flesch: 66
     summary: ALTHOUGH MANY ASSUMPTIONS HAVE BEEN MADE about the comparative na- ture of library work, 1 few investigators have analyzed library work systematical- ly and empirically so that the work of one library department can be compared with that of another. 3 It studies the charac- teristics of library work and develops a measure of the work of library de- partments that, though administered to individuals, permits the aggregation of individual scores in order to produce a single departmental score that can be compared to other departmental scores.
    keywords: departments; factor; job; library; perrow; technology; work
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        item: #1627 of 5668
          id: crl-12670
      author: Tarr, Susan Akerstrom
       title: Effective Group Process for Libraries: A Focus on Committees
        date: 1974-11-01
       words: 4578
      flesch: 53
     summary: In addition, as Gibb's study notes, an in- crease in group size steadily increases the proportion of group members reporting feelings of threat and less willingness to initiate contributions. Varied attitudes and presuppositions of group members force individual contributors to think out and jus- tify proposed solutions; also, the different perspectives of group members allow them to see ramifi- cations of solutions not identifi- able to a single individual.
    keywords: committee; decision; group; management; members; social
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        item: #1628 of 5668
          id: crl-12671
      author: Marshall, Peter
       title: How Much, How Often?
        date: 1974-11-01
       words: 2271
      flesch: 64
     summary: Closer cooperation between the li- brary staff and teaching faculty is often implied though rarely stated in studies of reserve book systems.2 Feedback from librarians to the faculty is the only means of indicating the actual use of reserve items. Unfortunately, the authors failed to look for any correlation be- tween teaching methods and usage of reserve material.
    keywords: items; reserve
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        item: #1629 of 5668
          id: crl-12674
      author: O'Connell, Thomas F.
       title: Research Collections in Canadian Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1974-11-01
       words: 1505
      flesch: 64
     summary: It is planned that the information will be kept up to date in the future and will be aug- ·mented by further surveys of federal gov- .ernment libraries, special libraries, and large public libraries, and by the extension of these surveys to include science and oth- Perhaps Dr. Leyh's greatest disappoint- ment was the widespread criticism from his colleagues in the West which followed his acceptance in 1954 of a National Prize from the East German government for his prominent, internationally acknowledged works in the field of library science and for his outstanding services in the interest of the unity of German librarianship.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12674.pdf
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        item: #1630 of 5668
          id: crl-12675
      author: Kaser, David
       title: Libraries in the Political Scene (Book Review)
        date: 1974-11-01
       words: 1393
      flesch: 70
     summary: The fact that Dr. Leyh was Germany's leading li- brarian during the critical three-score years following the turn of the century, however, does mean that the work is replete with food for the thought of those who would ponder the politicization of libraries. Dr. Leyh appears to have conceptualized his philosophy of librarianship quite fully during his student days at Munich, Stras- bourg, and Tiibingen between 1896 and 1901; in essence it was that libraries have a high humanistic and scholarly purpose that can and must keep aloof of ideological and political issues.
    keywords: libraries; library; university
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        item: #1631 of 5668
          id: crl-12676
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1974-11-01
       words: 970
      flesch: 71
     summary: (A supplement to the au- thor's A Dictionary of Acronyms and Ab- breviations, 2d ed., 1970.) A CoUection of Abstracts of All Papers Published by the ERIC Clearing- house on Educational Media and Tech- nology at Stanford University.
    keywords: isbn; library; university
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        item: #1632 of 5668
          id: crl-12677
      author: Johnson, Richard D.
       title: A New Year
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 587
      flesch: 61
     summary: Recent issues of the News with statements on standards for college libraries and guidelines for branch libraries bear testimony to the importance of ACRL in the maintenance and improvement of library service. R.D.J. I 7 • • We're letting the news get around • • • For the first time, american libraries is available to all libraries-on subscription.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #1633 of 5668
          id: crl-12678
      author: Balay, Robertt; Andrew, Christine
       title: Use of the Reference Service in a Large Academic Library
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 8547
      flesch: 71
     summary: A method for collecting and analyzing records of reference inquiries received by the Reference Department of Yale University Library is described. Annual reports of these libraries often contain sections which tabulate the number of reference inquiries for the reporting year and compare this with the performance of prior years.
    keywords: inquiries; library; o.o; o.o o.o; reference; use; yale
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        item: #1634 of 5668
          id: crl-12679
      author: Burr, Robert L.
       title: Library Goals and Library Behavior
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 3539
      flesch: 60
     summary: Formulas describing these patterns can be applied to libraries to provide a tool for defining library goals and analyzing library be- havior. Whenever librarians gather, be it for a library staff meeting or for a formal conference of a library association, a discussion of library goals or objectives is inevitable.
    keywords: behavior; goals; library; utility
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        item: #1635 of 5668
          id: crl-12680
      author: Pratt, Allan D.
       title: Libraries, Economics, and Information: Recent Trends in Information Science Literature
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 3433
      flesch: 57
     summary: Annual Re- view of Information Science and Tech- Allan D. Pratt is a member of the faculty of the Graduate Library School, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. Carlos A. Cuadra, ed., Annual Review of Information Science and Technology
    keywords: arist; information; libraries; library; science
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        item: #1636 of 5668
          id: crl-12681
      author: Walker, Gay
       title: Preservation Efforts in Larger U.S. Academic Libraries
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 3160
      flesch: 50
     summary: Such cooperation is essen- tial for a successful, on-going campaign to preserve library collections. In particular, see papers by Richard Daniel Smith on paper preservation and deacidifica- tion, especially his Paper Impermanence as a Consequence of pH and Storage Condi- tions, Library Quarterly 39: 153-95 (April 1969).
    keywords: deteriorated; items; libraries; library; preservation
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12681.pdf
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        item: #1637 of 5668
          id: crl-12683
      author: Skelley, Grant
       title: Characteristics of Collections Added to American Research Libraries, 1940-1970: A Preliminary Investigation
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 3961
      flesch: 64
     summary: To what extent do research pro- grams and instructional programs attract gift collections to academ- ic libraries? What is the cost effectiveness of gift collections?
    keywords: collections; libraries; library
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        item: #1638 of 5668
          id: crl-12684
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1973-74
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 5574
      flesch: 58
     summary: Cut-off Selected Reference Books of 1973-7 4 I f57 date for new books and articles was June 30, 1970, with occasional exceptions; about a third of the entries are new to this edi- tion.-E.S. Halstead, John P. and Porcari, Serafino. The work is principally a selec- tion of book titles written before 1968 (the text was completed in 1970, but production difficulties delayed its appearance).
    keywords: bibliography; books; guide; index; new; reference; research; volume; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12684.pdf
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        item: #1639 of 5668
          id: crl-12685
      author: Laird, W. David
       title: Libraries and Librarianship in the West (Book Review)
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 1236
      flesch: 61
     summary: Part of the problem is that an all-encom- passing book on slide libraries must speak to museums, instructional media centers, and teaching departments in art and other academic subjects, as well as to libraries in the traditional mold. There has been no attempt before in the literature to create a complete guide to the establishment and management of slide libraries; this is a commendable first effort by Betty J o Irvine.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12685.pdf
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        item: #1640 of 5668
          id: crl-12686
      author: Simons, Wendell W.
       title: Slide Libraries: A Guide for Academic Institutions and Museums (Book Review)
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 699
      flesch: 56
     summary: Part of the problem is that an all-encom- passing book on slide libraries must speak to museums, instructional media centers, and teaching departments in art and other academic subjects, as well as to libraries in the traditional mold. There has been no attempt before in the literature to create a complete guide to the establishment and management of slide libraries; this is a commendable first effort by Betty J o Irvine.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12686.pdf
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        item: #1641 of 5668
          id: crl-12687
      author: Oaksford, Margaret J.
       title: Guide to Illinois Library Resources (Book Review)
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 1435
      flesch: 55
     summary: Part of the problem is that an all-encom- passing book on slide libraries must speak to museums, instructional media centers, and teaching departments in art and other academic subjects, as well as to libraries in the traditional mold. There has been no attempt before in the literature to create a complete guide to the establishment and management of slide libraries; this is a commendable first effort by Betty J o Irvine.
    keywords: illinois; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12687.pdf
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        item: #1642 of 5668
          id: crl-12690
      author: Kaser, David
       title: Indiana Authors and Their Books, 1917-1966 (Book Review)
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 732
      flesch: 67
     summary: Six cases deal with circulation systems, eight with serials systems and six with acquisition systems. When the ten best-selling American novels for each year from 1895 to 1965 are assigned points (ten for first place, nine for second place, etc.), and their authors' na- tive states are determined, the total points amassed by Indiana authors are second only to those of New York State.
    keywords: indiana
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        item: #1643 of 5668
          id: crl-12691
      author: Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: Case Studies in Library Computer Systems (Book Review)
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 1457
      flesch: 60
     summary: The author concludes that although there have been failures in library computerization, there also have been successes, and some of these successes are cases that appear in the book. In a study supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation, Dougherty and Blomquist state that they will investi- gate the influence of academic library or- ganizational structure on the effectiveness of the library's document delivery service.
    keywords: authors; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12691.pdf
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        item: #1644 of 5668
          id: crl-12692
      author: Slanker, Barbara
       title: Improving Access to Library Resources (Book Review)
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 1499
      flesch: 57
     summary: Al- though Sabin's original entries are often ab- breviated and sometimes inaccurate in their particulars, most Sabin users are able to lo- cate the Library of Congress entry, if one exists; this New Sabin innovation is actual- ly a minor convenience. And since no provision has been made for correlating New Sabin and Dictionary entry numbers, working back from New Sabin to the Dictionary is not al- ways an easy matter.
    keywords: library; sabin
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12692.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12692.txt

        item: #1645 of 5668
          id: crl-12693
      author: Sweet, Doris Ann
       title: The New Sabin (Book Review)
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 1474
      flesch: 61
     summary: Al- though Sabin's original entries are often ab- breviated and sometimes inaccurate in their particulars, most Sabin users are able to lo- cate the Library of Congress entry, if one exists; this New Sabin innovation is actual- ly a minor convenience. And since no provision has been made for correlating New Sabin and Dictionary entry numbers, working back from New Sabin to the Dictionary is not al- ways an easy matter.
    keywords: library; new; sabin
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12693.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12693.txt

        item: #1646 of 5668
          id: crl-12694
      author: Horny, Karen
       title: Building Library Collections (Book Review)
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 704
      flesch: 59
     summary: The approximate quarter of the volume devoted to appendixes offers a use- ful assortment of ALA Council statements on the freedom to read and a variety of quotations from book selection policies. The orientation is definitely toward pub- lic libraries, with an emphasis on the vary- ing factors involved in book selection for different types and sizes of user communi- ties.
    keywords: book; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12694.pdf
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        item: #1647 of 5668
          id: crl-12696
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 2432
      flesch: 61
     summary: The conclusions drawn by Baaske, Tol- liver, and Westerberg in a way corroborate the results of my earlier study, that is that overdue notices appear to have an impor- tant reminder effect and improve the return rate of overdue books (p.359). The authors conclude that overdue no- tices appear to have an important remind- er effect and improve the return rate of overdue books.
    keywords: library; overdue; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12696.pdf
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        item: #1648 of 5668
          id: crl-12697
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1975-01-01
       words: 1243
      flesch: 74
     summary: Medieval and Renaissance Studies: A Lo- cation Guide to Selected Reference W arks and Source Collections in the Li- braries of the University of North C aro- lina at Chapel Hill and Duke University. Graduate School of Library Science, University of Illinois, 1974. 39p.
    keywords: isbn; metuchen; n.j
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12697.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12697.txt

        item: #1649 of 5668
          id: crl-12699
      author: Ladd, Dwight R.
       title: Myths and Realities of University Governance
        date: 1975-03-01
       words: 5271
      flesch: 60
     summary: The activities in which profes- sional staff are engaged are, in the eyes of most faculty, ancillary to the main- stream activities of teaching and · re- search. They prevent us from recognizing that for better or worse the university is made up of and functions for a congeries of interest groups which do not share a ba- sic consensus about the institution's val- ues, goals, and processes, and who are quite regularly in conflict.
    keywords: community; faculty; governance; groups; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12699.pdf
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        item: #1650 of 5668
          id: crl-12700
      author: Spang, Lothar
       title: Collective Bargaining and University Librarians: Wayne State University
        date: 1975-03-01
       words: 5272
      flesch: 47
     summary: In addition, the university had discontinued all automatic step in- creases in salaries, which meant that the gap between senior faculty salaries and those of librarians and junior faculty reflected a greater disparity each succes- sive year, since each individual's percent- age increase was computed from his base salary. For collective bargaining to be a suc- cess for university librarians, careful planning is necessary in choosing a un- ion and participating in negotiations.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; teaching; university; wsu
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12700.pdf
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        item: #1651 of 5668
          id: crl-12701
      author: Burns, Mary Anne; Carter, Jeanetter
       title: Collective Bargaining and Faculty Status for Librarians: West Chester State College
        date: 1975-03-01
       words: 2895
      flesch: 53
     summary: West Chester State College librarians have faculty status; we have had it for about fifty years, but in the last four or five years we have realized the real meaning of the term. Though West Chester State College librarians have enjoyed faculty status since 1922, it is a position we have con- tinually had to guard.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; state
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12701.pdf
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        item: #1652 of 5668
          id: crl-12703
      author: Commerton, Anne
       title: Union or Professional Organization? A Librarian's Dilemma
        date: 1975-03-01
       words: 3914
      flesch: 57
     summary: The union, rather than turn to individual librarians who are union members and who may not repre- sent the library community, must turn to the professional association. In this confusion SUNY librarians grew disillusioned and rapidly became a more militant and cohesive unit.
    keywords: librarians; professional; sunyla; union; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12703.pdf
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        item: #1653 of 5668
          id: crl-12706
      author: Rothstein, Samuel
       title: The Association of American Library Schools, 1915-1968: an Analytical History (Book Review); Comparative Historical Analysis of Three Associations of Professional Schools (Book Review)
        date: 1975-03-01
       words: 1150
      flesch: 59
     summary: The Association of American Library Schools, 1915-1968: An Analytical History, reviewed by Samuel Rothstein 157 Davis, Donald Gordon, Jr. Comparative Historical Analysis of Three Associations of Pro- fessional Schools, reviewed by Samuel Rothstein 157 Harleston, Rebekah M., and Stoffie, Carla J. Administration of Government Documents Collections, reviewed by Joyce Ball 158 Parish, David W. State Government Reference Publications: An Annotated Bibliography, reviewed by Earl Shumaker . The Association of American Library Schools, 1915-1968: An A .nalytical History.
    keywords: aals; davis
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12706.pdf
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        item: #1654 of 5668
          id: crl-12707
      author: Ball, Joyce
       title: Administration of Government Documents Collections (Book Review)
        date: 1975-03-01
       words: 1437
      flesch: 62
     summary: The primary purpose of State Govern- ment Reference Publications: An Annotat- ed Bibliography is to help make the re- sources of state government publications more easily accessible to librarians and pa- trons in all types of libraries. The 808 entries reflect legislative, economic, scientific, and social activities of state government.
    keywords: aals; state
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12707.pdf
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        item: #1655 of 5668
          id: crl-12708
      author: Shumaker, Earl
       title: State Government Reference Publications: an Annotated Bibliography (Book Review)
        date: 1975-03-01
       words: 1408
      flesch: 56
     summary: The first contains a bibliography of writings about state documents. The primary purpose of State Govern- ment Reference Publications: An Annotat- ed Bibliography is to help make the re- sources of state government publications more easily accessible to librarians and pa- trons in all types of libraries.
    keywords: documents; state
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12708.pdf
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        item: #1656 of 5668
          id: crl-12709
      author: Ryan, Mary J.
       title: Reader in Documents on International Organizations (Book Review)
        date: 1975-03-01
       words: 702
      flesch: 52
     summary: Only half the book actually deals with international documents or with libraries' work with these, while the remainder is on international organizations themselves or on their libraries as special libraries, with no particular focus on documents. The articles on documents vary in qual- ity, but have one thing in common: they are relatively old.
    keywords: documents
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12709.pdf
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        item: #1657 of 5668
          id: crl-12710
      author: Hoyle, Norman; Umberger, Margaret
       title: The Muse and the Librarian (Book Review); Library Research Guide to Religion and Theology: Illustrated Search Strategy and Sources (Book Review)
        date: 1975-03-01
       words: 1437
      flesch: 72
     summary: As far as library history is concerned, the most important contribution in the book is the title essay, an interesting, if somewhat rambling, account of the advancement of poetry at our national library through its Poetry Office, the Whittall Poetry Fund, and the Consultants in Poetry. This is a book that should have been left to the journals; they wear their vast confused beauty much more becomingly.-Norman Hoyle, School of Library and Information Science, State University of New York at Albany.
    keywords: librarian; library; poetry
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12710.pdf
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        item: #1658 of 5668
          id: crl-12711
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1975-03-01
       words: 1627
      flesch: 60
     summary: The subject was the Harvard Coop, not the Tech Coop branch, w·hich had a far more complete inventory in the nonphysical science areas. I cannot imagine how Mr. Raffel obtained this startling bit of misinformation, but to set the record straight, the Coop is, and has been for a number of years, our fifth largest vendor.
    keywords: coop; documents; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12711.pdf
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        item: #1659 of 5668
          id: crl-12712
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Books of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1975-03-01
       words: 1333
      flesch: 84
     summary: Coral Gables: Univ. of Miami Pr., 1974. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1974.
    keywords: hall; isbn
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12712.pdf
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        item: #1660 of 5668
          id: crl-12713
      author: Hanks, Gardner; Schmidt, C. James
       title: An Alternative Model of a Profession for Librarians
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 7582
      flesch: 52
     summary: A grad- uate program would concentrate its ef- forts on providing its students with a body of knowledge and the profession- al attitudes necessary for the client-cen- tered roles of open systems libraries. The potential of computers has implica- tions not only for internal library oper- ations but also for library services.
    keywords: community; librarianship; libraries; library; model; open; professional; systems; traditional
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12713.pdf
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        item: #1661 of 5668
          id: crl-12714
      author: Schure, Alexander
       title: From the Chair of the Presidency
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 2439
      flesch: 56
     summary: Just as it has taken the aerospace industry from 1903 to 1973 to move from Kitty Hawk to a probe of Mars, it is likely we shall see (in some shorter span than that sev- enty years) library technology having the impact and capabilities that its most enthusiastic proponents advocate for it. In critical budget times, answers to the urgent fiscal problems confront- ing administrators and trustees are not likely to come from the presently avail- able hardware and systems convenient- ly described as library technology.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; technology
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12714.pdf
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        item: #1662 of 5668
          id: crl-12716
      author: Greene, Robert J.
       title: LENDS: An Approach to the Centralization/Decentralization Dilemma
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 3403
      flesch: 67
     summary: STUDY OF CIRCULATION STATISTICS Circulation statistics for periods be- fore and after the start of LENDS were analyzed to determine if the avail- ability of LENDS was related to an in- crease in library books circulated to fac- ulty. It can be seen that LENDS had an ef- fect on the three main ways in which faculty obtain library books: ( 1) tele- phone requests increased from 0 to 21.6 percent; ( 2) books obtained by going to the library decreased by 16.4 percent; and ( 3 ) books obtained by sending someone to the library decreased by 7.8 percent.
    keywords: faculty; lends; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12716.pdf
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        item: #1663 of 5668
          id: crl-12717
      author: Hock, Randolph E.
       title: Providing Access to Externally Available Bibliographic Data Bases in an Academic Library
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 4426
      flesch: 60
     summary: First, providing biblio- graphic services is a reference function; and, second, in order to give users fullest advantage of total library services this office should not be separate from, or in competition with, other reference functions of the library. FUNCITONS OF THE DATA SERVICES LmRARIAN The function of this person (called information services librarian in some institutions) can be broken down into five areas: coordination, promotion, training, searching, and consultation.
    keywords: bases; data; information; searches; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12717.pdf
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        item: #1664 of 5668
          id: crl-12718
      author: Davis, James R.
       title: The New Students: What They Read
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 3616
      flesch: 65
     summary: While the counter cul- ture never produced the impact of an invasion of Centaurs (just as America never c'greened), there is no doubt that a pervasive skepticism about science per- sists in the minds of many students to- day. Since many students, as a mere func- tion of their age, are inexperienced, they want to know how.
    keywords: best; books; new; popular; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12718.pdf
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        item: #1665 of 5668
          id: crl-12722
      author: Grieder, Ted
       title: Shaping a Library: William L. Clements as Collector (Book Review)
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 1452
      flesch: 60
     summary: Breivik writes on library in- struction and the library school, a worthy enough topic, but seems to have little con- viction that library instruction has a place in the professional curriculum. She winds up plumping for her school's course on the non-user in an urban setting and for changing the name of library instruction to Individualization of Communication Con- trols (I)
    keywords: book; instruction; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12722.pdf
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        item: #1666 of 5668
          id: crl-12723
      author: Dyson, Allan J.
       title: Educating the Library User (Book Review)
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 1402
      flesch: 58
     summary: Breivik writes on library in- struction and the library school, a worthy enough topic, but seems to have little con- viction that library instruction has a place in the professional curriculum. She winds up plumping for her school's course on the non-user in an urban setting and for changing the name of library instruction to Individualization of Communication Con- trols (I)
    keywords: essays; instruction; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12723.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12723.txt

        item: #1667 of 5668
          id: crl-12724
      author: Guido, John F.
       title: Readings in Descriptive Bibliography (Book Review); Bibliography Old & New (Book Review)
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 1397
      flesch: 57
     summary: The essays are ar- ranged in two groups-those of a general nature which touch on all periods of bib- liographical study; those with a more spe- cific orientation, ordered chronologically ac- cording to the modes of book production to which they apply. The editor has brought them togeth- er to update and consolidate much of the work done in descriptive bibliography since the publication of Bowers' Principles of Bibliographical Description twenty-five years ago.
    keywords: bibliography; liebert
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12724.pdf
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        item: #1668 of 5668
          id: crl-12725
      author: Jackson, William Vernon
       title: Brazilian Serial Documents: a Selective and Annotated Guide (Book Review)
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 1400
      flesch: 51
     summary: The entry for each serial consists of an annotation with most of the following ele- ments: contents (describing the nature of the serial whose title is not self-explana- tory); variation in title; frequency, or bib- liographical history, complete since 1961 and less detailed for the earlier period; numbering irregularities where required; cross-references to other related titles in the guide; mention of indexes, both those of the serial itself and indexing services which include it (notably those issued by the Instituto Brasileiro de Bibliografia e Documenta9ao) ; and finally citations to other bibliographical works which provide additional information or location of copies in American or British libraries. Only those who have themselves under- taken the compilation of library guides, bib- liographies, union lists, and similar biblio- graphical tools can fully appreciate the myriad details they contain and the amaz- ing number of questions and discrepancies (apparent or real) which must be resolved.
    keywords: bibliography; serial
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12725.pdf
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        item: #1669 of 5668
          id: crl-12726
      author: Helzer, Charles
       title: Irving to Irving: Author-Publisher Relations, 1800-1974 (Book Review)
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 1406
      flesch: 53
     summary: Only those who have themselves under- taken the compilation of library guides, bib- liographies, union lists, and similar biblio- graphical tools can fully appreciate the myriad details they contain and the amaz- ing number of questions and discrepancies (apparent or real) which must be resolved. Section I presents 'a survey of some of the methods currently in use to measure the quality of library service . . .
    keywords: irving; library; publisher
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12726.pdf
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        item: #1670 of 5668
          id: crl-12727
      author: Bruce, Robert K.
       title: Measuring the Quality of Library Service: a Handbook (Book Review)
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 1388
      flesch: 61
     summary: But beyond that, ~e volume serves as an exact and accurate rrn- age of where academic libraries are in 1975. Section I presents 'a survey of some of the methods currently in use to measure the quality of library service . . .
    keywords: academic; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12727.pdf
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        item: #1671 of 5668
          id: crl-12728
      author: Cohen, Nina
       title: The Academic Library: Essays in Honor of Guy R. Lyle (Book Review)
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 685
      flesch: 62
     summary: Mr. Simpkins suggests that a fee system will help libraries limit the de- mand for interlibrary lending. Is there a proper quantity of interlibrary lending beyond which libraries should not respond?
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12728.pdf
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        item: #1672 of 5668
          id: crl-12729
      author: Brynteson, Susan
       title: Scholars Market: an International Directory of Periodicals Publishing Literary Scholarship (Book Review)
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 1404
      flesch: 52
     summary: But beyond that, ~e volume serves as an exact and accurate rrn- age of where academic libraries are in 1975. Mr. Simpkins suggests that a fee system will help libraries limit the de- mand for interlibrary lending.
    keywords: academic; library; literary
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12729.pdf
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        item: #1673 of 5668
          id: crl-12731
      author: Bendix, Dorothy
       title: Fear of the Word: Censorship and Sex (Book Review)
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 1405
      flesch: 56
     summary: The seminar centered on the emergence of information services in British universities and polytechnic in- stitutions. The central theme shows how information services are begin- ning to be an integral part of British aca- demic libraries.
    keywords: information; libraries; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12731.pdf
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        item: #1674 of 5668
          id: crl-12732
      author: Rosenberg, Kenyon C.
       title: Systematic Discography (Book Review)
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 1399
      flesch: 53
     summary: Book publishing today is a complex ac- tivity, making use of diversified skills and expertise. Later chapters take up problems in formu- lation of the entry, elements for inclusion, typographical style and abbreviations (with many examples) , methods of arrangement (e.g., alphabetical, classified, chronological, etc.), examples of select discographies, data processing, and bibliographic control.
    keywords: book; problems; publishing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12732.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12732.txt

        item: #1675 of 5668
          id: crl-12734
      author: Wu, Eugene
       title: Asian and African Collections in British Libraries: Problems and Prospects (Book Review)
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 1400
      flesch: 55
     summary: The chapter on How Books Are Marketed describes the complex and often cumbersome methods by which books are distributed to readers in the United States, and should be of par- ticular interest to acquisitions librarians. Book publishing today is a complex ac- tivity, making use of diversified skills and expertise.
    keywords: book; library; publishing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12734.pdf
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        item: #1676 of 5668
          id: crl-12735
      author: Kuhner, David
       title: Using the Chemical Literature: a Practical Guide (Book Review)
        date: 1975-05-01
       words: 1412
      flesch: 53
     summary: The method chosen for the project speci- fied the compilation of the bibliographic records from the title pages of a sample consisting of all pre-1801 books in all Cam- bridge and Oxford libraries cataloged un- der the letter 0, except for three college libraries which were recorded in their en- tirety. This file con- sisted of the 0 letter catalog records from the British Museum, the Bodleian, the Cambridge University Library, and the li- brary of the Taylor Institution, Oxford; added were also .. 0 entries from Pollard and Redgrave's Short Title Catalogue (re- vised), from Wing's Short Title Catalogue, and from H. M. Adam's Catalogue of Books ... in Cambridge Libraries.
    keywords: books; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12735.pdf
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        item: #1677 of 5668
          id: crl-12738
      author: Voigt, Melvin J.
       title: Acquisition Rates in University Libraries
        date: 1975-07-01
       words: 4700
      flesch: 55
     summary: A model for determining acquisition rates for currently published material for universities with extensive doctoral programs is developed. 1 USE OF MODEL TO DETERMINE ACQUISITION RATES FOR CURRENTLY PUBLISHED MATERIALS UCSD Institution A Institution B Institution C M.1 Base 40,000 40,000 40,000 .
    keywords: acquisition; libraries; library; model; research; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12738.pdf
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        item: #1678 of 5668
          id: crl-12739
      author: Gwyn, Ann; McArthur, Anne; Furlow, Karen
       title: Friends of the Library
        date: 1975-07-01
       words: 6527
      flesch: 63
     summary: The most prevalent difficulty in uni- versity and public library groups seems to be lethargy among the membership. The study includes an examination of the origin, obfectives, and government of Friends groups; an analysis of the structure of membership and membership size in relation to the size of library or institution and to income; and a discussion of annual revenues, activities of Friends groups, includ- ing publications, library support for Friends groups, and various problems encountered.
    keywords: friends; groups; libraries; library; membership; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12739.pdf
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        item: #1679 of 5668
          id: crl-12740
      author: Jones, Harold D.
       title: Postwar University Library Buildings in West Germany
        date: 1975-07-01
       words: 5075
      flesch: 65
     summary: Before the visits, letters and requests for information were sent to selected directors of university libraries in West Germany. Books are paged, as they were in American university libraries before World War II, in response to the sub- mission of call slips by readers.
    keywords: buildings; libraries; library; main; reading; technical; university
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        item: #1680 of 5668
          id: crl-12741
      author: Knightly, John J.
       title: Library Collections and Academic Curricula: Quantitative Relationship
        date: 1975-07-01
       words: 3517
      flesch: 55
     summary: It has been suggested that such plans place considerable reli- ance on curriculum as a controlling fac- tor on library collections. The library whose holdings of the sample were most duplicated, pro- portionately, in other libraries was li- brary 12, with 64 percent of its total holdings held on the average by each of the other twenty-one libraries.
    keywords: average; duplication; libraries; percent
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        item: #1681 of 5668
          id: crl-12742
      author: Morton, Donald J.
       title: Applying Theory Y to Library Management
        date: 1975-07-01
       words: 3400
      flesch: 47
     summary: Penalizing errors and inciting defensiveness not only will discourage initiative but also will pro- mote the concealment of mistakes, thereby hindering communication and providing a distorted view of opera- tions.17 Finally, the ultimate expression of Theory Y management may be realized if there are opportunities for an em- ployee to identify his responsibilities with his desire for self -actualization, Maslow's highest level of motivation. College and Research Libraries DONALD J. MORTON Applying Theory Y to Library ~anagenaent
    keywords: employee; libraries; library; management; theory
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        item: #1682 of 5668
          id: crl-12744
      author: Easterly, Ambrose
       title: The Administration of the College Library (Book Review)
        date: 1975-07-01
       words: 1286
      flesch: 57
     summary: The work itself is a combination of a synthesis of relevant literature and research, examples drawn from specific libraries, ob- servations based on experience and visits to libraries, and the philosophy of the au- thor. The author compares his survey with one undertaken in 1964-66 and demon- strates thus that there has been an increase in library instruction, especially in the area of audiovisual typ~ of library instruction.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #1683 of 5668
          id: crl-12745
      author: Rader, Hannelore
       title: Reader Instruction Methods in Academic Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1975-07-01
       words: 1444
      flesch: 56
     summary: The author compares his survey with one undertaken in 1964-66 and demon- strates thus that there has been an increase in library instruction, especially in the area of audiovisual typ~ of library instruction. The third section is concerned with vari- ous types of library instruction for the be- ginning undergraduate, the subject major and the graduate student.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #1684 of 5668
          id: crl-12747
      author: Peterson, Kenneth G.
       title: A Guide to Research in American Library History (Book Review)
        date: 1975-07-01
       words: 1427
      flesch: 58
     summary: good master's research and Ameri- can library history continues to be a popu- lar topic ( p.4), and Now, I do not pre- sume to deny the sometime historian the right to study library history at his whim and fancy, nor do I hold any brief for those who argue that histmical · knowledge is a panacea for all our ills ( p.8-9) . Under the headil)g of methodology for re- search the discussion of Vleeschauwer' s philosophy and methodology is all too brief; Waples, Goldhor, Wynar, and others are mentioned, but the reader is not really told what they said or how they influenced the writing of library history.
    keywords: library; research
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        item: #1685 of 5668
          id: crl-12748
      author: Schorr, Alan Edward
       title: Introduction to United States Public Documents (Book Review)
        date: 1975-07-01
       words: 1379
      flesch: 52
     summary: In the subject index one is puzzled why the author has omitted entries for Alabama, Denver, Galveston, Hartford, Houston, ·etc., in the geographical names category; for the Forbes · Library, the University of Minne- Recent Publications I 331 · sota Library, the Newberry Library, . (Library Sci- ence Text Series) Littleton, Colo.: Li- braries Unlimited, 1975.
    keywords: library; periodical; publications
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        item: #1686 of 5668
          id: crl-12749
      author: Cannan, Judith
       title: An Introduction to Periodical Bibliography (Book Review)
        date: 1975-07-01
       words: 1415
      flesch: 54
     summary: Bob Landau gives some helpful estimates of the extent of availability and use of on- line file searching and some estimates of operating costs for such services. It is divided into four chapters: from the begin- ning to the eighteenth century, nineteenth century, pre- World War II, and post- World War II.
    keywords: good; information; periodical
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        item: #1687 of 5668
          id: crl-12750
      author: Bourne, Charles P.
       title: Changing Patterns in Information Retrieval (Book Review)
        date: 1975-07-01
       words: 1418
      flesch: 55
     summary: Bob Landau gives some helpful estimates of the extent of availability and use of on- line file searching and some estimates of operating costs for such services. If the lack of balance between the size of the collection and the description can be explained by restrictions on the use of the more sparsely described collections or by the availability of detailed guides to such collections, no indication of such ex- tenuating circumstances appears in these descriptions or others like them.
    keywords: good; information; papers
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        item: #1688 of 5668
          id: crl-12751
      author: Strassberg, Richard
       title: A Guide to the Archives of Labor History and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University (Book Review)
        date: 1975-07-01
       words: 1384
      flesch: 56
     summary: many other promi- nent persons in labor, literary, and political fields (Mary Heaton Vorse Papers) merely tantalize rather than inform. If the lack of balance between the size of the collection and the description can be explained by restrictions on the use of the more sparsely described collections or by the availability of detailed guides to such collections, no indication of such ex- tenuating circumstances appears in these descriptions or others like them.
    keywords: library; papers; wayne
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12751.pdf
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        item: #1689 of 5668
          id: crl-12753
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1975-07-01
       words: 2381
      flesch: 74
     summary: The journal follows A Manual of Style, 12th ed., rev. PERCIVAL'S MEDICAL ETHiCS Orig.
    keywords: orig; reference; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12753.pdf
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        item: #1690 of 5668
          id: crl-12754
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1975-07-01
       words: 5693
      flesch: 67
     summary: The topics investigated in- cluded the aims and objectives of college of education libraries, effective use of li- brary materials, funding, book selection methods, staffing requirements, staff and student library use, and student book buy- ing habits. It includes tables, graphs, sta- tistical data, letters, questionnaires, and some narrative text on the subjects of effec- tive library materials use, funding and ex- penditures, materials selection, staffing, staff and student library use, and students' book buying habits.
    keywords: college; education; information; isbn; libraries; library; research; services; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12754.pdf
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        item: #1691 of 5668
          id: crl-12755
      author: Wilkinson, John.; Plate, Kenneth; Lee, Robert
       title: A Matrix Approach to Position Classifications
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 7061
      flesch: 46
     summary: A defensible profession- al position classification must rational- ize, first, the optimum use of profes- sional personnel as distinct from sup- port staff and, second, the ranking of professional positions on an ordina·l scale in terms of key factors of profes- sional service. The fourth assumption is that ranking factors for professional positions must relate to those general factors which identify the positions as professional.
    keywords: classification; factors; level; library; position; professional; ranking
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12755.pdf
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        item: #1692 of 5668
          id: crl-12756
      author: Clark, Alice S.; Hirschman, Rita
       title: Using the "Guidelines": A Study College State-Supported Two-Year College Libraries in Ohio
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 3771
      flesch: 58
     summary: While the Guidelines' call for cen- tralized administration of all learning resources services, not all of the LR Cs examined had complete control of learning -equipment and materials. The section of the Guidelines de- Using the Guidelines I 361 voted to the budget for learning re- sources services yielded rather confused results.
    keywords: college; guidelines; learning; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12756.pdf
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        item: #1693 of 5668
          id: crl-12757
      author: Stewart, Blair
       title: Periodicals and the Liberal Arts College Library
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 4318
      flesch: 59
     summary: The study also suggests that little or no use is being made of most of the periodicals on college library holdings lists. Titles held by the Periodical Bank and the number of member libraries indicated.
    keywords: libraries; library; periodicals
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12757.pdf
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        item: #1694 of 5668
          id: crl-12758
      author: Haider, Syed Jalaluddin
       title: University Libraries in Pakistan
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 2834
      flesch: 51
     summary: College and Research Libraries SYED JALALUDDIN HAIDER University Libraries in Pakistan The development of university libraries in Pakistan is , summarized: with a discussion of the current status of such libraries, including consideration of library organization, resources, organization of col- lections and cataloging, services to readers, and library staff. Cata- loguing of Pakistani Names, by Anis Khurshid, is used by the majority of university libraries for cataloging of publications by Pakistani authors at present.
    keywords: libraries; library; pakistan; university
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        item: #1695 of 5668
          id: crl-12759
      author: Burcklel, Nocholas C.
       title: Establishing a College Archives: Possibilities and Priorities
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 5136
      flesch: 47
     summary: The best that a potential ar- chivist can hope for is an occasional course in library school which not only focuses on manuscripts and special col- lections, but on archives generally.1 Lacking formal preparation, a librarian who is appointed college archivist must tum to the literature of the field to find some guidance. Unfortunately, relevant information is difficult to find: library journals traditionally eschew archival articles and the American Archivist's ar- ticles on college archives are frequently no more than institutional case studies.2 The new archivist, therefore, confronts his job with few guidelines or sugges- tions.
    keywords: archives; archivist; college; faculty; records; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12759.pdf
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        item: #1696 of 5668
          id: crl-12760
      author: Line, Maurice B.; Sandison, Alexander
       title: Practical Interpretation of Citation and Library Use Studies
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 1894
      flesch: 64
     summary: College and Research Libraries MAURICE B. LINE and ALEXANDER SANDISON Practical Interpretation of Citation and Library Use Studies Most studies of journal citations and library use are of little if any practical use to librarians and information system designers because of inadequate data collection and analysis. Questions such as the validity of citations as indicators of use, size of sample needed (of sources and of actual citations) in view of the wide variability between journals and vol- umes within journals, the relative use- fulness of different sources of citations, the differences between synchronous and diachronous data, and the problems of forecasting future use, have been dis- cussed elsewhere.
    keywords: journals; use
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        item: #1697 of 5668
          id: crl-12761
      author: Gold, Steven D.
       title: Allocating the Book Bidet: An Economical Model
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 2975
      flesch: 65
     summary: In this case, department S should receive a larger number of resource units (OQ 8 ) than department P (OQp). For example, from 1967-69 to 1972 the price of chemistry and physics period- icals rose 186 percent, compared to only 26 percent for art periodicals.2 If each department receives a constant share of the library's budgeted expenditures, there must be a relative reduction in the number of resource units acquired by departments whose price indexes rise more than average.
    keywords: marginal; resource; units
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12761.pdf
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        item: #1698 of 5668
          id: crl-12763
      author: Yagello, Virginia E.; Guthrie, Gerry
       title: The Effect of Reduced Loan Periods on High Use Items
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 1645
      flesch: 61
     summary: In this paper we report on a methoo to( improve library circulation service by identifying high demand items and then reducing the loan period on such items to one week with unlimited renewal privileges for all users. The 20.9 percent increase in student usage is considered · significant in view of the decline in library circulation over the previous two years.
    keywords: circulation; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12763.pdf
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        item: #1699 of 5668
          id: crl-12764
      author: Marcum, Deanna Hudson
       title: Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Volume 9, 1974 (Book Review)
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 1152
      flesch: 61
     summary: 429 Grove, Pearce S., ed., Nonprint Media in Academic Libraries, reviewed by Richard W. Boss and Anne W. LeClercq 430 Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians 431 Abstracts 433 BOOK REVIEWS Annual Review of Information Science and Technology. 425 Josey, E. }., ed., New Dimensions for Academic Library Service, reviewed by the Rev- erend Jovian Lang . . . . .
    keywords: information; libraries
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        item: #1700 of 5668
          id: crl-12765
      author: Aubry, John W.
       title: CATV and Its Implications for Libraries; Networks and the University Library (Book Review)
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 2024
      flesch: 54
     summary: These publications constitute the pro- ceedings of two conferences dealing with the external interactions of libraries: the first discussing roles for libraries in linking into cable television systems, and the sec- ond dealing with the development of for- mal organizational structures, or networks, for library interaction. Two suggestions beg implementation-including patrons of other libraries in the orientation program of each library and providing fa- miliarization training sessions for staff mem- bers at other libraries.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12765.pdf
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        item: #1701 of 5668
          id: crl-12766
      author: Snapp, Elizabeth
       title: Local Library Cooperation (Book Review)
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 1386
      flesch: 53
     summary: Two suggestions beg implementation-including patrons of other libraries in the orientation program of each library and providing fa- miliarization training sessions for staff mem- bers at other libraries. The authors found library cooperation in Sheffield rather limited.
    keywords: libraries; library; simulation
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12766.pdf
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        item: #1702 of 5668
          id: crl-12767
      author: Rudolph, G. A.
       title: Simulation Teaching of Library Administration (Book Review)
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 729
      flesch: 58
     summary: $18.95 (LC 74-32041) (ISBN 0-8352-0612-2) Professor Zachert has written the first book on simulation learning that is specifi- cally designed for the preparation of library managers. Chapters 1-5 preface the heart of the book, namely, the four chapters of Part III on roleplay, in-basket exercises, action mazes, and games.
    keywords: simulation
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12767.pdf
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        item: #1703 of 5668
          id: crl-12770
      author: Kaser, David
       title: A History of Book Publishing in the United States, Volume II (Book Review)
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 1489
      flesch: 58
     summary: The articles represent thirteen serial publications: Asso- ciation of American Geographers Annals (one) , Association of Canadian Map Li- braries Proceedings (two), Canadian Car- tographer (three), Cartographic Journal (two), Geographical Magazine (two), In- ternational Yearbook of Cartography (two), Journal of Geography (five), Library Jour- nal (two), Military Engineer (one), Pho- togrammetric Engineering (one), Society of University Cartographers Bulletin (one), Special Libraries (nine), and Spe- cial Libraries Association Geography and Map Division Bulletin (seventeen). Five of the articles in- cluded which were reprinted from Special Libraries have also been reprinted previous- ly (with one additional paper) by Special Libraries Association as Recent Practices in Map Libraries ( 1971 ) , · and were orig- inally presented in June 1969 at a panel on Problems of the Smaller Map Libraries.
    keywords: articles; map
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12770.pdf
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        item: #1704 of 5668
          id: crl-12771
      author: Dollard, Peter
       title: Weeding Library Collections (Book Review)
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 1527
      flesch: 65
     summary: Recognition of our limits must increase our awareness of the need to structure the library within those limits so that the best · possible service can be provided to library users. Slote's book, basically a reworking of his frequently cited dissertation, shows that the fiction collections of several New Jersey public libraries conform in general to the law of scattering observed in other sub- ject areas and other kinds of libraries.
    keywords: book; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12771.pdf
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        item: #1705 of 5668
          id: crl-12772
      author: Burr, Robert L.
       title: Availability and the Library User (Book Review)
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 1511
      flesch: 61
     summary: Recognition of our limits must increase our awareness of the need to structure the library within those limits so that the best · possible service can be provided to library users. Four main ideas are featured in the book: ( 1) the library as a vital component of higher education; ( 2) new approaches in solving academic library problems; ( 3) unscrambling academic li- brary issues; and ( 4) patterns of library in- formation systems, networks, and consortia providing information and library services to academic library users.
    keywords: library; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12772.pdf
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        item: #1706 of 5668
          id: crl-12773
      author: Lang, Jovian
       title: New Dimensions for Academic Library Service (Book Review)
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 1445
      flesch: 55
     summary: Four main ideas are featured in the book: ( 1) the library as a vital component of higher education; ( 2) new approaches in solving academic library problems; ( 3) unscrambling academic li- brary issues; and ( 4) patterns of library in- formation systems, networks, and consortia providing information and library services to academic library users. The human touch is important in teaching the use of the library, at the ref- erence interview, in the creative functional- ity of academic library facilities, in the awareness of the diverse needs and inter- ests that the kaleidoscopic students have for multimedia systems.
    keywords: academic; librarians; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12773.pdf
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        item: #1707 of 5668
          id: crl-12774
      author: Powell, Janice J.
       title: A Study of Demand and Supply (Book Review)
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 1429
      flesch: 56
     summary: (LC 74-19164) (ISBN 0-8389- 0187-5) Treating southern California as a micro• cosm of the United States, Mr. Guyton has gathered and analyzed the views of 460 lo- cal public librarians toward collective bar-· gaining for their profession. Not every useful point can be cited here, but · the study shows that the slowness of public librarians to unionize is not attribut- able to shyness or any such ·personality traits with which folklore has vested them.
    keywords: librarians; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12774.pdf
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        item: #1708 of 5668
          id: crl-12776
      author: Karlson, Marjorie
       title: Interlibrary Loan Policies Directory (Book Review)
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 706
      flesch: 58
     summary: But · the RLMS direc- tory, because of its lack of standards for in- clusion, its inconvenient format, and its lack of detail, has not been very useful to interlibrary loan librarians. It pioneers an approach to collective bargaining among librarians -not the only approach, but a useful one which will probably now be repeated from library school to library school.
    keywords: loan
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12776.pdf
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        item: #1709 of 5668
          id: crl-12777
      author: Stevenson, Gordon
       title: Cataloging Phonorecordings: Problems and Possibilities (Book Review)
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 1447
      flesch: 60
     summary: But · the RLMS direc- tory, because of its lack of standards for in- clusion, its inconvenient format, and its lack of detail, has not been very useful to interlibrary loan librarians. It pioneers an approach to collective bargaining among librarians -not the only approach, but a useful one which will probably now be repeated from library school to library school.
    keywords: interlibrary; loan
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12777.pdf
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        item: #1710 of 5668
          id: crl-12779
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 757
      flesch: 61
     summary: 1943 1 MS (Subject) 1 Unspec. 1 Unspec. Serving Libraries Since 1872 NEW YORK • LONDON 866 Third Avenue • New York, N.Y. 10022 PARIS • STUTTGART DIFFERENTIATING THE MEDIA A Focus on Library Selection and the Use of Communication Content Proceedings of the Thirty-seventh Annual Conference of the University of Chicago Graduate Library School, August 5-6, 1974 Edited by Lester Asheim and Sara I. Fenwick First published in The Library.
    keywords: unspec
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12779.pdf
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        item: #1711 of 5668
          id: crl-12780
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1975-09-01
       words: 3482
      flesch: 66
     summary: A survey based on the ALA Standards for Library Services for the Blind and Vis- ually Handicapped ( 1966) was sent to sixty-four four-year universities in the states of Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Montana, and Arizona. Ward, Patricia L. Introductory Guide to Research in Library and Information Studies in the U.K. (Library Association Pamphlet, No. 37).
    keywords: isbn; libraries; library; research; state; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12780.pdf
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        item: #1712 of 5668
          id: crl-12781
      author: Shaugnessy, Thomas W.
       title: Library Services to Educationally Disadvantaged Students
        date: 1975-11-01
       words: 3232
      flesch: 52
     summary: Additional probing revealed that the cause of the rebuff was frequent- ly the library's refusal to provide either special collection space, library staff, or Se1'vices to Disadvantaged I 445 special handling of selected library ma- terials for EOP students. Because the provision of library ser- vices rests so heavily upon library staff, special attention was focused on the ex- tent to which librarians were specifically .assigned the responsibility for serving EOP students and faculty.
    keywords: eop; libraries; library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12781.pdf
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        item: #1713 of 5668
          id: crl-12783
      author: Kiewitt, Eva L.
       title: A User Study of a Computer Retrieval System
        date: 1975-11-01
       words: 3117
      flesch: 65
     summary: 7 There are various techniques of an- alyzing user needs. A review of these 460 I College & Research Libraries • November 1975 studies of user needs and the methods used to determine their requirements showed that the most viable method of studying the PROBE users was the criti- cal incident technique.
    keywords: information; percent; search; users
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12783.pdf
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        item: #1714 of 5668
          id: crl-12786
      author: Parker, Thomas F.
       title: Models and Methods: The Tools of Library Networking
        date: 1975-11-01
       words: 3468
      flesch: 43
     summary: 480 I effect relationships in library networks is an undertaking worthy of consider- able -attention. J;i'ortunately for those who seek un- derstanding of library networks a num- ber of models and methods are avail- able to increase understanding of cause and effect relationships and workable development approaches.
    keywords: libraries; library; model; network; organization; project
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        item: #1715 of 5668
          id: crl-12787
      author: DeVilbiss, Mary Lee
       title: The Approval-Built Collection in the Medium-Sized Academic Library
        date: 1975-11-01
       words: 3598
      flesch: 55
     summary: Numbers of libraries en- tered into approval programs at that time with insufficient planning and in- formation, accepting vendor promises on faith. Some li- braries abandoned approval programs entirely; and some retained and defend- ed them, convinced the problems were minor and solvable.
    keywords: approval; faculty; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12787.pdf
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        item: #1716 of 5668
          id: crl-12788
      author: Heaney, Howell J.
       title: Bibliographical Scholarship in the United States, 1949-1974: A Review
        date: 1975-11-01
       words: 12705
      flesch: 67
     summary: Vol- ume 14, an author-title index by Roger P. Bristol, was published four years later, and Bristol's Index of Printers, Publishers, and Booksellers Indicated by Charles Evans in His American Bibliography' in 1961. Index of Printers, Publishers, and Booksellers Indicated by Charles Evans in His 'American Bibliography.
    keywords: american; bibliographical; bibliography; books; history; imprints; library; new; press; society; univ; university; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12788.pdf
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        item: #1717 of 5668
          id: crl-12789
      author: Bentz, Dale M.
       title: Essays for Ralph Shaw (Book Review)
        date: 1975-11-01
       words: 1195
      flesch: 56
     summary: One suspects this may be the first book on Southeast Asian libraries, pe- riod. Essays for Ralph Shaw, reviewed by Dale M. Bentz .
    keywords: libraries; library; shaw
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        item: #1718 of 5668
          id: crl-12790
      author: Scholberg, Henry
       title: The Barefoot Librarian (Book Review)
        date: 1975-11-01
       words: 1446
      flesch: 62
     summary: Part II includes essays on Adverse Drug Reaction Information in the Literature, by Robert F.· Clarke; Libraries and Innova- tions, by Richard M. Dougherty; Scholars in Residence, by Ira W. Harris; The Real World of Continuing Education for Library Personnel, by Peter Hiatt; and ESEA Ti- tle II Contributions to State Department of Education Leadership of School Media Programs, by Milbrey L. Jones. The essays in part III under these headings are: Compound Growth in Libraries, by Fred Heinritz; Turnover Rate: Basic Li- brary Statistics and Some Applicatioqs, by Theodore S. Huang; Quali-Quanti as Out- put Performance Criteria, by Choong H. Kim; and Inventory, by Henry Voos.
    keywords: book; librarian; library
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        item: #1719 of 5668
          id: crl-12791
      author: Brown, Helen M.
       title: Quiet World: a Librarian's Crusade for Destiny (Book Review)
        date: 1975-11-01
       words: 746
      flesch: 70
     summary: He has, by his own count, been en- gaged in twenty crusades of which li- brary education has been the overriding one, and the others which have most deeply engaged him have been for one race, basic reference, encyclopedia, library-college, me- dia unity, and library history. He defines the ultimate goal of the public library as independent study for all; he believes that reference li- brarians should initiate inquiry rather than merely answer the questions put to them; he has fathered the library-college which seeks to increase effectiveness of student learning through use of library-centered in- dependent study, and he has vigorously promoted audiovisual unity with other li- brary resources as a means to extending in- dependent learning down into the second- ary and elementary grades.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12791.pdf
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        item: #1720 of 5668
          id: crl-12792
      author: Zipkowitz, Fay
       title: Application of Minicomputers to Library and Related Problems (Book Review)
        date: 1975-11-01
       words: 1847
      flesch: 61
     summary: He has, by his own count, been en- gaged in twenty crusades of which li- brary education has been the overriding one, and the others which have most deeply engaged him have been for one race, basic reference, encyclopedia, library-college, me- dia unity, and library history. Not only does he fail to describe the major ref- erence books which contain information on programs, libraries, archives, and institutes; but he also leaves out the two Germanies and the Scandinavian countries.
    keywords: book; isbn; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12792.pdf
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        item: #1721 of 5668
          id: crl-12793
      author: Duignan, Peter
       title: A Bibliography of Africana (Book Review)
        date: 1975-11-01
       words: 1507
      flesch: 63
     summary: Follow-up information or more rapid publication would be help- fuL-Fay Zipkowitz, University Library, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Clearly this is not a book that can casually be put into the hands of stu- dents-let alone faculty.-Peter Duignan, Hoover Institution, Stanford University.
    keywords: bibliography; guide
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12793.pdf
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        item: #1722 of 5668
          id: crl-12797
      author: Cannan, Judith
       title: Australian Libraries, 2d ed. (Book Review)
        date: 1975-11-01
       words: 1375
      flesch: 68
     summary: Most expansion in recent years has been in the area of publi'c and school library ser- vice, bringing the Australians closer to their goal of national coverage. The authors were careful to point out in the preface that the increase in length is not a sign of a more detailed treatment, but an indication of the contin- uing growth of Australian libraries.
    keywords: isbn; libraries
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        item: #1723 of 5668
          id: crl-12798
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1975-11-01
       words: 1126
      flesch: 50
     summary: Whereas McGregor thought management could pro- ceed from the authoritarian mode (Theory X) directly to the optimal, desired mode (Theory Y), in fact there has been error in the direction of a permissive, laissez-faire mode (Theory Z?). The scarcity of true Theory Y management leaders could be considered the problem of our age.- W illiam A. Garrabrant, Savitz Learning Re- source Center, Glassboro State College, Glassboro, New Jersey.
    keywords: management; review; theory
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12798.pdf
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        item: #1724 of 5668
          id: crl-12799
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1975-11-01
       words: 1153
      flesch: 73
     summary: (LC 75-9544) (ISBN 0-208-0 1503-5) American Society for Information Science. Washington, D.C.: American So- ciety for Information Science, 197 4. 278p.
    keywords: isbn
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12799.pdf
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        item: #1725 of 5668
          id: crl-12802
      author: Holley, Edward G.
       title: Academic Libraries in 1876
        date: 1976-01-01
       words: 18777
      flesch: 66
     summary: asid.e fo:r; the General Library, $500 for college libraries were poorly supported. College libraries, of course, shared the wealth or poverty of their institu- tions as a whole.
    keywords: academic; books; collections; college; college libraries; education; harvard; law; librarian; libraries; library; new; report; society; students; time; university; volumes
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12802.pdf
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        item: #1726 of 5668
          id: crl-12803
      author: Bailey, Martha J.
       title: Some Effects of Faculty Status on Supervision in Academic Libraries
        date: 1976-01-01
       words: 2508
      flesch: 53
     summary: These ·include the _amount of time that library faculty members devote to · ~pervision, the interaction of the library faculty and the library administration, and the role oft~ library faculty in· participative management. If participative management is restricted to library faculty and/ or pro- fessionals, it may be feasible.
    keywords: faculty; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12803.pdf
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        item: #1727 of 5668
          id: crl-12804
      author: Drake, Miriam A.
       title: Forecasting Academic Library Growth
        date: 1976-01-01
       words: 3291
      flesch: 65
     summary: Forecasts of library growth have relied primarily on time series analysis to identify trends and to determine growth rates of trends. Nevertheless, techniques exist which permit the utilization of existing data to provide significant and useful indications of future library growth.
    keywords: future; growth; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12804.pdf
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        item: #1728 of 5668
          id: crl-12806
      author: Wadsworth, Robert Woodman
       title: Books for College Libraries: a Core Collection of 40,000 Titles (Book Review)
        date: 1976-01-01
       words: 2615
      flesch: 58
     summary: (Available from Betty-Carol Sellen, Brooklyn College Library, Brooklyn, NY 11210.) Through the cooperation of Choice and the corps of BCL II contributors and through the use of computer technology, the organization, the subject and bibliographic skills, and the machinery exist to maintain a continuing and useful service to the undergraduate library ( p.ix) .
    keywords: college; libraries; library; subject; women
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12806.pdf
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        item: #1729 of 5668
          id: crl-12808
      author: Faibisoff, Sylvia G.
       title: The Electronic Library: Bibliographic Data Bases 1975-76; Library Networks '74-'75 (Book Review)
        date: 1976-01-01
       words: 1308
      flesch: 58
     summary: tween the computer and the user may well be reflected in the recent upsurge in the use of machine-readable data bases and may result in an even greater proliferation of library networks in the future. Both of the reports here reviewed fall short of the goal when they attempt to project the state of the art in the growth of bibliographic data bases through 1976 and in the development of library networks through 1975.
    keywords: library; networks
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12808.pdf
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        item: #1730 of 5668
          id: crl-12809
      author: Madden, Henry Miller
       title: The Flight from Reason: Essays on Intellectual Freedom in the Academy, the Press, and the Library (Book Review)
        date: 1976-01-01
       words: 1328
      flesch: 60
     summary: However, academic and research libraries or library schools with comprehensive col- lections might consider allocating funds for Christian's book-Sylvia G. Faibisoff, Graduate School of Library Science, Uni- versity of Illinois, Urbana. It is probably vain to hope that it will not be referred to because the subject will be a dead one.- H enry Miller Madden, University Librari- an, California State University, Fresno.
    keywords: library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12809.pdf
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        item: #1731 of 5668
          id: crl-12811
      author: Hirsch, Felix E.
       title: Standards for Library Service: An International Survey (Book Review)
        date: 1976-01-01
       words: 1357
      flesch: 56
     summary: This rich coverage is due to the fact that standards for them have been developed in many countries. The last chapter deals with the difficult subject of standards for library ser- vice in developing countries.
    keywords: libraries; library; standards
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12811.pdf
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        item: #1732 of 5668
          id: crl-12812
      author: Wallace, James O.
       title: Learning Resource Centers in Community Colleges: A Survey of Budgets and Services (Book Review)
        date: 1976-01-01
       words: 1330
      flesch: 53
     summary: Asked by Unesco, Withers has prepared a set of standards which might be applied in devel- oping countries, but he recognizes the fact that the level of library service depends not only on the desire but on the capacity of a country to provide the resources needed. The last chapter deals with the difficult subject of standards for library ser- vice in developing countries.
    keywords: college; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12812.pdf
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        item: #1733 of 5668
          id: crl-12813
      author: Bruer, J. Michael
       title: Acquisitions from the Third World: Papers of the Ligue des bibliotheques europeennes de recherche seminar 17-19 September 1973 (Book Review)
        date: 1976-01-01
       words: 707
      flesch: 50
     summary: The introduction states that the purpose of the meeting was to examine the problems of acquisition [of Third World publications]; the availability of materials in European libraries both for reference and for lending; and the feasibility of set- ting up a European centre for the collec- tion of such material, to be available for loan. The seminar suggests, for exam- ple, that the acquisition of Third World material is important to meet the needs of scholars, that at least one copy of this pub- lished material should be available in a li- brary in Europe, and that the collecting of this material must proceed from coopera- tion with library and book trade centers in countries of the Third World.
    keywords: seminar
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12813.pdf
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        item: #1734 of 5668
          id: crl-12814
      author: Kenney, Louis A.
       title: Microforms in Libraries: A Reader (Book Review)
        date: 1976-01-01
       words: 1175
      flesch: 55
     summary: Some of the m·ore substantive presentations are Roy Kid- man's statement of the harsh constraints on aqademic libraries in offering on-line ser- vices; Thomas Martin's review of alterna- tives in designing interactive retrieval soft- ware; ·Donald King and :Raymond ·Brown's eronomic model for deeiSions · on · using interactive services; Bennet· Lientz' s quanti- fication of factors in deciding to :secure computer services through a network; Ken- neth Siler's ;description of criteria for evalu- ating data base management systems; and Paul Zurkowski's discussion of the role of the marketplace in providi.pg access to in- formation. profes- sional, and governmental groups must do to make interactive services better and sup- portable.
    keywords: data; microforms; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12814.pdf
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        item: #1735 of 5668
          id: crl-12815
      author: Ferguson, Douglas
       title: Information Systems and Networks. Eleventh Annual Symposium, March 27-29, 1974 (Book Review)
        date: 1976-01-01
       words: 646
      flesch: 56
     summary: Some of the m·ore substantive presentations are Roy Kid- man's statement of the harsh constraints on aqademic libraries in offering on-line ser- vices; Thomas Martin's review of alterna- tives in designing interactive retrieval soft- ware; ·Donald King and :Raymond ·Brown's eronomic model for deeiSions · on · using interactive services; Bennet· Lientz' s quanti- fication of factors in deciding to :secure computer services through a network; Ken- neth Siler's ;description of criteria for evalu- ating data base management systems; and Paul Zurkowski's discussion of the role of the marketplace in providi.pg access to in- formation. profes- sional, and governmental groups must do to make interactive services better and sup- portable.
    keywords: data
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12815.pdf
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        item: #1736 of 5668
          id: crl-12818
      author: Kaser, David
       title: A Century of Academic Librarianship, as Reflected in Its Literature
        date: 1976-03-01
       words: 10951
      flesch: 60
     summary: The standard textbook in the field, however, had to await the end of the century when Fritz Veit's Communi- .ty College Library was produced by Greenwood Press in 1975. A Library College Jour- nal which commenced publication in 1968 became Learning Today in ~974.
    keywords: academic; american; books; chicago; college; college library; librarianship; libraries; library; standards; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12818.pdf
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        item: #1737 of 5668
          id: crl-12819
      author: Kurth, William H.; Niland, Powell
       title: Estimated Lost Volumes in a University Library Collection
        date: 1976-03-01
       words: 5126
      flesch: 67
     summary: One regular •type of adjustment was made to the shelflist that bore on the question of book losses. First, the study reiterated the useful- ness of sampling theory in studying book losses.
    keywords: loss; losses; missing; percent; volumes
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12819.pdf
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        item: #1738 of 5668
          id: crl-12820
      author: Cohn, William L.
       title: An Overview of ARL Directors, 1933-1973
        date: 1976-03-01
       words: 4542
      flesch: 68
     summary: College and Research Libraries WILLIAM L. COHN An Overview of ARL Directors, 1933-1973 This study presents a description for the period 1933-1973 of direc- tors of U.S. academic libraries that are members of the Association of Research Libraries, comparing earlier and present directors in terms of academic preparation, age, sex, and destination upon leaving a directorship. ARL directors are not showing any dramatic increases in doc- torates held in the light of the very large increases in our contemporaries with the D.L.S. (used in this study for all doctorates in library science).
    keywords: arl; directors
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12820.pdf
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        item: #1739 of 5668
          id: crl-12821
      author: Jenks, George M.
       title: Circulation and Its Relationship to the Book Collection and Academic Departments
        date: 1976-03-01
       words: 3061
      flesch: 59
     summary: Missing factors include num- ber of faculty, number of charges for the same title, reserve book use, use of the periodicals collection, graduate work offered, need for a wide range of titles, and use of books outside one's discipline. Are we adding books to the collec- tion that are useful?
    keywords: books; circulation; number
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12821.pdf
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        item: #1740 of 5668
          id: crl-12822
      author: Stueart, Robert D.
       title: Writing the Journal Article
        date: 1976-03-01
       words: 2564
      flesch: 65
     summary: As far as considering possibilities for publishing articles, the profession has become very inward-look- ing. A recent study of articles appearing in PNLA Quarterly indicated that 27 per- cent of the articles in the Quarterly were written by nonlibrarians.
    keywords: article; librarians; writing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12822.pdf
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        item: #1741 of 5668
          id: crl-12824
      author: Markuson, Barbara Evans
       title: Handbook of Data Processing for Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1976-03-01
       words: 1748
      flesch: 65
     summary: Although the second edition has been re- written in parts, in general the content does not sufficiently reflect current developments or issues in library data processing. The chapters on library data processing include many tables that could mislead the reader.
    keywords: data; library; processing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12824.pdf
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        item: #1742 of 5668
          id: crl-12825
      author: Fang, Josephine Riss
       title: World Trends in Library Education (Book Review)
        date: 1976-03-01
       words: 2138
      flesch: 57
     summary: As to American library education, readers will find rriore in-depth treatment in Toward the Improvement of Library Education, edited by Martha Boaz (Li- braries Unlimited, 1913).-]osephine Riss Fang, Professor of Library Science, Sim- mons College, Boston. However, as a his- tory of American library education, its new title is somewhat misleading and its con- tents incomplete . .
    keywords: american; education; library; united
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12825.pdf
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        item: #1743 of 5668
          id: crl-12827
      author: Scott, Edith
       title: The Age of Jewett: Charles Coffin Jewett and American Librarianship, 1841-1868 (Book Review)
        date: 1976-03-01
       words: 1402
      flesch: 59
     summary: Detailed guidance on making and using work sampling studies will have to come from experienced practi- tioners and through studying the publica- tions the author lists in his bibliography.- Edward Gibson, Assistant Librarian, Wash- ington College, Chestertown, Maryland. These documents reveal his visions of his two now famous failures, the Smithsonian as the national library and the production of library catalogs from clay stereotype plates.
    keywords: libraries; library; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12827.pdf
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        item: #1744 of 5668
          id: crl-12828
      author: Gibson, Edward
       title: Libraries and Work Sampling (Book Review)
        date: 1976-03-01
       words: 713
      flesch: 61
     summary: Detailed guidance on making and using work sampling studies will have to come from experienced practi- tioners and through studying the publica- tions the author lists in his bibliography.- Edward Gibson, Assistant Librarian, Wash- ington College, Chestertown, Maryland. (LC 74-8420) (ISBN 0-8108-07 38-6) David W. Davies, long an academic li- brarian and a historian and typophile as well, here turns a critical, somewhat ironi- cal eye on the relationship between goals and programs of public libraries in Great Britain and North America.
    keywords: sampling
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        item: #1745 of 5668
          id: crl-12833
      author: Moore, J. R.
       title: Classification and Indexing in Science (Book Review)
        date: 1976-03-01
       words: 1462
      flesch: 51
     summary: Classification theories controversial in the 1950s, specifically facet analysis, are now widely accepted and practiced. It has been sixteen years since the second edition of Classification and Indexing in Science was published, and the appearance of the third edition is very welcome indeed.
    keywords: classification; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12833.pdf
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        item: #1746 of 5668
          id: crl-12834
      author: Horn, Andrew H.
       title: The Administrative Aspects of Education for Librarianship: a Symposium (Book Review)
        date: 1976-03-01
       words: 1493
      flesch: 58
     summary: The book is directed toward the design- ers of information systems and not the casual reader. This monograph reports the results of an experiment which Montgomery conducted to explore those factors which were thought to affect search time in an information stor- age and retrieval system.
    keywords: library; program
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12834.pdf
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        item: #1747 of 5668
          id: crl-12835
      author: McGill, Michael J.
       title: Document Retrieval Systems: Factors Affecting Search Time (Book Review)
        date: 1976-03-01
       words: 1445
      flesch: 58
     summary: The book is directed toward the design- ers of information systems and not the casual reader. This monograph reports the results of an experiment which Montgomery conducted to explore those factors which were thought to affect search time in an information stor- age and retrieval system.
    keywords: information; program
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12835.pdf
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        item: #1748 of 5668
          id: crl-12838
      author: Griffith, Alice B.
       title: The Community College Library (Book Review)
        date: 1976-03-01
       words: 1352
      flesch: 48
     summary: Although the text is factual for the most part, Dr. Veit interjects his own opinions or recommendations from time to time. specific aspects of library operation.
    keywords: college; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12838.pdf
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        item: #1749 of 5668
          id: crl-12841
      author: McClure, Charles R.
       title: Norton on Archives: The Writings of Margaret Cross Norton on Archival & Records Management (Book Review)
        date: 1976-03-01
       words: 693
      flesch: 62
     summary: The chapters on the scope and function of archives; the purpose and nature of archives; and the services and resources of archives contain stimulating thought and are as relevant to- day as when she wrote them-especially in light of the current controversy surround- ing the status of presidential tapes. The purpose of this volume is to bring together those articles into one com- prehensive work representative of Norton's thought on archives.
    keywords: archives
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12841.pdf
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        item: #1750 of 5668
          id: crl-12843
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1976-03-01
       words: 3490
      flesch: 67
     summary: Petrarch: Cat- alogue of the Petrarch Collection in Cor- nell University Library. It was deter- mined that CIN was fulfilling its major ob- jective of providing better library service to all its constituents, but there was room 192 I College & Research Libraries • March 1976
    keywords: information; isbn; libraries; library; new; university
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        item: #1751 of 5668
          id: crl-12844
      author: Weber, David C.
       title: A Century of Cooperative Programs Among Academic Libraries
        date: 1976-05-01
       words: 9738
      flesch: 52
     summary: In 1898 the librarian of the University of California announced willingness to lend to other libraries that would lend to the University of California. One or two features of this joint effort are of note: In Venezuela and Bolivia and partly also in Brazil the purchases consisted of collections which had to be divided among the cooperating institutions, and naturally included a fair amount of material which, either because the cooperating institutions already had it or because the class of material in question is not collected by the institu- tions which I represented, can be sold to other libraries in this country.
    keywords: academic; cataloging; center; college; cooperative; libraries; library; new; programs; research; universities; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12844.pdf
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        item: #1752 of 5668
          id: crl-12845
      author: Edelman, Hendrik; Tatum, G. Marvin
       title: The Development of Collections in American University Libraries
        date: 1976-05-01
       words: 12463
      flesch: 68
     summary: 8 MoDELS AND METHODS FOR DEVELOPING COLLEGriONS Like the German model Ph.D., the in- spiration as well as the experience for development of library collections serv- ing research purposes came from Ger- many. SELECI'ION POLICIES Money has always been the ultimate determining factor in the development of library collections, but planning con- cepts and selection practices are of al- most equal importance.
    keywords: american; collections; development; libraries; library; new; phd; programs; research; universities; university; university libraries; war
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        item: #1753 of 5668
          id: crl-12846
      author: Smith, Eldred R.
       title: Library Services to the Graduate Community: Introduction
        date: 1976-05-01
       words: 492
      flesch: 49
     summary: As research and scholarly publication con- tinue to proliferate, the problems of successfully and quickly accessing the information that they need have be- come substantial for faculty and, par- ticularly, for graduate students. THE PRIMARY CHARACTERISTIC that dis- tinguishes universities from other types of higher education institutions is the emphasis and priority that they place upon graduate education and research.
    keywords: graduate
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        item: #1754 of 5668
          id: crl-12847
      author: Dunlap, Connie R.
       title: Library Services to the Graduate Community: The University of Michigan
        date: 1976-05-01
       words: 2889
      flesch: 52
     summary: This article is based on a talk given at the ACRL University Libraries Section pro- gram on library services to the graduate . Their use has promoted the creation, in many institutions, of an entirely new concept of library service which provides the students with spe- cially equipped carrels or viewing rooms for using slides, movies, videotapes, or closed-circuit television.
    keywords: graduate; library; research; students
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        item: #1755 of 5668
          id: crl-12850
      author: Reid, Marion T.
       title: Coping with Budget Adversity: The Impact of the Financial Squeeze on Acquisitions
        date: 1976-05-01
       words: 5214
      flesch: 61
     summary: Per- haps more libraries should. ( 2) Give the ac- quisitions unit more manpower during its heaviest ordering season by hiring part-time personnel on a temporary ba- sis and/ or shifting other library staff to ordering duties on a short-term basis.
    keywords: acquisitions; books; budget; libraries; library; research; university; year
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12850.pdf
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        item: #1756 of 5668
          id: crl-12851
      author: Milczewski, Marion A.
       title: Essays on Information and Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1976-05-01
       words: 1209
      flesch: 58
     summary: Tiger or Fat Cat? reviewed by C. Donald Cook 278 Cook, Margaret G. The Ne;; Library Key, 3d ed., reviewed by Mary W. George 278 Downs, Robert B., and Keller, Clara D. How to Do Library Research, 2d ed., reviewed by Mary W. George . Evaluating Library Use Instruction, reviewed by Peter P. Olevnik .
    keywords: donald; library
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        item: #1757 of 5668
          id: crl-12852
      author: Walton, Clyde C.
       title: Modem Manuscripts: A Practical Manual for Their Management, Care and Use (Book Review)
        date: 1976-05-01
       words: 1478
      flesch: 54
     summary: (ISBN 0-208-013710-7) Libraries in Higher Education is not, as the title implies, a study of libraries in all institutions of higher education, but is ac- tually a series of essays by the staff of the North London Polytechnic reflecting the special concerns of polytechnic libraries. The last essay in part one, Teaching Li- brary Use, is of particular interest because it does attempt to delineate the British ex- perience and the polytechnic approach to library instruction.
    keywords: libraries; library; polytechnic
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12852.pdf
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        item: #1758 of 5668
          id: crl-12853
      author: Heim, Kathleen M.
       title: Libraries in Higher Education: The User Approach to Service (Book Review)
        date: 1976-05-01
       words: 716
      flesch: 50
     summary: (ISBN 0-208-013710-7) Libraries in Higher Education is not, as the title implies, a study of libraries in all institutions of higher education, but is ac- tually a series of essays by the staff of the North London Polytechnic reflecting the special concerns of polytechnic libraries. The last essay in part one, Teaching Li- brary Use, is of particular interest because it does attempt to delineate the British ex- perience and the polytechnic approach to library instruction.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12853.pdf
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        item: #1759 of 5668
          id: crl-12854
      author: Cook, C. Donald
       title: Bibliography: Tiger or Fat Cat? (Book Review)
        date: 1976-05-01
       words: 719
      flesch: 68
     summary: A random sampling of en- tries indicates that both guides have been carefully revised with many new works and editions cited and obsolete ones deleted. Although Dunkin purports to be writing for the armchair bibliographer (even de- fining justification for the novice), this book will interest largely those with back- ground in bibliography, and who in turn can add their comment to the reflections of the author-and who will argue with the author's contention that one of the most im- portant uses of bibliography is certainly in better cataloging.
    keywords: cook
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12854.pdf
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        item: #1760 of 5668
          id: crl-12856
      author: Panofsky, Hans E.
       title: Publishing in Africa in the Seventies (Book Review)
        date: 1976-05-01
       words: 683
      flesch: 59
     summary: The signi£cant result of this conference on publishing in Africa in the 1970s was the start of two serial publications, both edited by Hans Zell in England: the bian- nual African Books in Print (London: Man- sell, 1975- ) , updated by the quarterly The African Book Publishing Record. However, less readily available is in- formation about program evaluation.
    keywords: library; publishing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12856.pdf
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        item: #1761 of 5668
          id: crl-12857
      author: Olevnik, Peter P.
       title: Evaluating Library Use Instruction: Papers Presented at the University of Denver Conference on the Evaluation of Library Instruction, December 13-14, 1973 (Book Review)
        date: 1976-05-01
       words: 1237
      flesch: 58
     summary: However, less readily available is in- formation about program evaluation. Although structurally flawed, the paper is one that should be read by all who are, or will be, involved in the evaluation of instructional programs.
    keywords: department; library; publishing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12857.pdf
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        item: #1762 of 5668
          id: crl-12859
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1976-05-01
       words: 1805
      flesch: 82
     summary: Modern Revolutions and Revolutionists; A Bibliography. (L.C 75-33629) (ISBN 0-8108-0882-X) Kissinger, Warren S. The Sermon on the M aunt: A History of Interpretation and Bibliography.
    keywords: isbn; metuchen; scarecrow
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12859.pdf
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        item: #1763 of 5668
          id: crl-12860
      author: Budington, William S.
       title: To Enlarge the Sphere of Human Knowledge: The Role of the Independent Research Library
        date: 1976-07-01
       words: 9881
      flesch: 51
     summary: In the first instance, they did not qualify as educational institu- tions, despite their near-exclusive use by academic personnel; in the second in- stance, not being tax-supported disquali- fied them as public libraries, despite being accessible to the public. Of public libraries as we know them, the country's first century had none, yet the foundations were being laid.
    keywords: american; collections; history; independent; libraries; library; new; public; research; research library; society; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12860.pdf
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        item: #1764 of 5668
          id: crl-12861
      author: Orne, Jerrold
       title: Academic Library Buildings: A Century in Review
        date: 1976-07-01
       words: 6759
      flesch: 63
     summary: We are sometimes effective in working with ad- ministrators, architects, and the body politic in the detailed development of library building planning. Holley's paper records in detail other aspects of the educational system of 1876 having considerable bearing upon the state of library building at that time.
    keywords: academic; building; college; libraries; library; new; period; planning; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12861.pdf
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        item: #1765 of 5668
          id: crl-12862
      author: Metcalf, Keyes D.
       title: Six Influential Academic and Research Librarians
        date: 1976-07-01
       words: 7841
      flesch: 68
     summary: CHARLES CLARENCE WILLIAMSON Charles C. Williamson was born in January 1877, just a little over two years after Harry Lydenberg, but he did not begin library work until twenty-one years later than HML. I went to work indirectly under him while still in library school early in 1913, and in July of that year, as chief of stacks, I came into regular contact with him.
    keywords: librarian; library; new; public; school; years; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12862.pdf
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        item: #1766 of 5668
          id: crl-12863
      author: Weber, David C.
       title: Keyes D. Metcalf
        date: 1976-07-01
       words: 342
      flesch: 52
     summary: Since he is so widely known as a consultant on aca- demic library building design, one may forget that his most significant contribu- tions have been in personnel develop- ment, financial planning, cooperative cataloging, applications of microfilm, education for librarianship, counsel to the national libraries, and development of cooperative programs. As one who was privileged to serve as his personal assistant during the last five years he was Harvard's director, I _be- lieve his greatest contributions were those in personnel development and co- operative programs.
    keywords: cooperative
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12863.pdf
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        item: #1767 of 5668
          id: crl-12867
      author: Montague, Eleanor
       title: Library Automation Systems
        date: 1976-07-01
       words: 1402
      flesch: 62
     summary: The book is divided into ten chapters: (1) Background and Beginnings; (2) Ac- quisition Systems; (3) Cataloging Systems before MARC; (4) MARC and Off-line Systems after MARC; (5) On-line Catalog- ing Systems; (6) The Effect of Automation on Cataloging Practice; (7) Serials Sys- tems; (8) Circulation Systems; (9) The Problems of Library Automation Systems; and, (10) The Prospects of Library Auto- mation Systems. The author's purpose for this bo~ is to present a reasonably comprehensive dis- cussion of library automation systems for the librarian without previous knowledge or experience in the field, and for the in- telligent layman.
    keywords: library; spofford; systems
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        item: #1768 of 5668
          id: crl-12868
      author: Fair, Judy H.
       title: Ainsworth Rand Spofford: Bookman and Librarian
        date: 1976-07-01
       words: 700
      flesch: 65
     summary: (LC 75-31517) (ISBN 0-87287-117-7) In the foreword to this volume, series ed- itor Michael Harris indicates that the sub- ject of this book is the rise of the Library of Congress to a position of unrivaled su- premacy among American libraries (p.5). This chapter is short, general, and not especially insightful, but may stimulate questions from those beginning their ex- amination of library automation systems and trends.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12868.pdf
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        item: #1769 of 5668
          id: crl-12869
      author: Strozik, Teresa
       title: Library Automation: The State of the Art II (Book Review)
        date: 1976-07-01
       words: 2125
      flesch: 57
     summary: This chapter is short, general, and not especially insightful, but may stimulate questions from those beginning their ex- amination of library automation systems and trends. But what of the other library staff and their training or retraining, or the impact of au- tomation on patterns of library staff organi- zation, or the manpower needs of the fu- ture?
    keywords: bargaining; book; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12869.pdf
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        item: #1770 of 5668
          id: crl-12870
      author: Spang, Lothar
       title: Collective Bargaining in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1976-07-01
       words: 692
      flesch: 45
     summary: Clearly, library management and those not directly involved with some of the basic is- sues of collective bargaining in libraries are curious choices for presenting a fair and complete picture of library unionization. In addition, the evaluations of the effects of bargaining, both written by library directors, deal with library staffs in general and are apprehensive in attitude to- wards governance, arbitration, accountabil- ity, and other negotiable issues.
    keywords: bargaining
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        item: #1771 of 5668
          id: crl-12871
      author: Walker, Gay
       title: Historic Preservation (Book Review)
        date: 1976-07-01
       words: 671
      flesch: 55
     summary: It gives, among other things, first-hand information about major Polish libraries, their location and re- sources. Concise orientation statements are included for each chapter heading which leads the reader through preservation research, sur- veys, planning, legalities, funding, actual restoration techniques, and state-by-state experiences.
    keywords: preservation
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12871.pdf
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        item: #1772 of 5668
          id: crl-12872
      author: Kudrik, Peter
       title: Guide to Polish Libraries and Archives (Book Review)
        date: 1976-07-01
       words: 1386
      flesch: 58
     summary: Lunati's overall view is that most trea- tises on book selection require far too much knowledge and concentration on the part of the selector, while his own theory, cul- tural selection, is not only superior but within the capabilities of human librarians. In the main, it is a review of the literature on book selection published in Western Eu- rope and the United States, with the addi- tion of Ranganathan. ·
    keywords: libraries; library; preservation
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12872.pdf
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        item: #1773 of 5668
          id: crl-12875
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1976-07-01
       words: 2485
      flesch: 56
     summary: As beneficiary of the Astor Library in 1848, New York had been favored by the services of the premier endowed reference library, but by the end of the century its early good fortune clearly was a factor in delaying the establishment of library services suitable to all the people of the com- munity. The handsome monument, named a National Historic Landmark in 1966, continues to serve as the home of one of the world's great research collections and as the symbolic capstone of a system of libraries to serve the people of New York City.-W. L. Williamson, Professor, University of Wisconsin-Madison Acknowledgments: Edward White, William L. Coakley, and David V. Erdman, New York Public Library.
    keywords: library; likert; management; participative
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12875.pdf
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        item: #1774 of 5668
          id: crl-12876
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1976-07-01
       words: 5077
      flesch: 68
     summary: Two alternatives may be avail- able: the conversion of library materials to a less bulky form or the reduction of indi- vidual collections through increased inter- library cooperation. This volume is composed of seventy-six fictionalized problem cases exemplifying various aspects of library management.
    keywords: information; isbn; libraries; library; new; university; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12876.pdf
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        item: #1775 of 5668
          id: crl-12877
      author: Dunlap, Connie R.
       title: Organizational Patterns in Academic Libraries, 1876-1976
        date: 1976-09-01
       words: 7454
      flesch: 51
     summary: In a recent essay Doralyn Hickey ob- served that library services are designed . It is also interesting to compare successive editions of two of the bibles of university library adminis- tration and to note not only the amount of space given to library organization but more especially to the change in the treatment of the subject.
    keywords: collections; college; departmental; libraries; library; management; organization; research; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12877.pdf
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        item: #1776 of 5668
          id: crl-12878
      author: McElderry, Stanley
       title: Readers and Resources: Public Services in Academic and Research Libraries, 1876-1976
        date: 1976-09-01
       words: 7196
      flesch: 54
     summary: Although Branscomb's study is not a model for the solution of college library problems through the ap- plication of scientific methods, it did draw extensively upon research studies, and it did question basic assumptions about library service in provocative ways. As personal · as- sistance came to be recognized as an important feature of library service, it acquired a distinctive name-refer- ence work -and departmental sta- tus.26 Even with the acceptance of the need for reference service, there was no con- sensus on what functions were appropri- ate for the academic library to offer.
    keywords: academic; college; libraries; library; readers; research; resources; service; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12878.pdf
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        item: #1777 of 5668
          id: crl-12879
      author: Tuttle, Helen W.
       title: From Cutter to Computer: Technical Services in Academic and Research Libraries, 1876-1976
        date: 1976-09-01
       words: 18570
      flesch: 61
     summary: And so we come from Cutter to the computer, from Cutter's clear statement of what cataloging should be as a basis for uniformity of practice to the com- puter as ' a tool for implementing coop- erative and centralized cataloging with all that implies for library service. These are: ( 1) the .achievement of a standard format for bibliographic records in machine-readable form and the associated production at the Li- brary of Congress and elsewhere of a sizable data base of such records; ( 2) a continuing sharp decrease in the cost of certain components of electronic data processing systems; ( 3) continu- ing increases in the capacity and re- liability of electric communications channels with concomitant decreases in the unit costs of the channels; and ( 4) the creation of evolving modular, computer-based library systems, which take advantage of the three other changes just mentioned.l92 Based on D. R. Swanson's predictions, Hanson and Daily describe the most ad- vanced form of the catalog of the fu- ture as a computerized catalog with eleven performance goals: User dialogues (programmed interro- gation), aids to browsing, user-indexed library, access to in-depth information, wheat and chaff identification, national network of libraries, national net- work of bibliographic tools, instant in- formation, remote interrogation and delivery, active dissemination, and quality control over library services (improved feedback) ,193 The Library of Congress leadership in developing machine-readable catalog- ing (MARC) with its potential for pro- viding instant availability of standard- ized cataloging coupled with the .loca- tion of specific copies of texts makes networking possible.
    keywords: american; american library; books; cataloging; classification; college; college library; cutter; librarian; libraries; library; report; rules; services; technical; university; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12879.pdf
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        item: #1778 of 5668
          id: crl-12882
      author: Evans, Glyn T.
       title: Coordination: Concept or Reality? A Study of Libraries in a University System (Book Review)
        date: 1976-09-01
       words: 1278
      flesch: 67
     summary: All the senior colleges are in OCLC, and technol- ogy will clearly solve many of the mechan- ical problems which so beset the early at- tempts at library coordination. What of CUNY libraries now?
    keywords: libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12882.pdf
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        item: #1779 of 5668
          id: crl-12883
      author: Maier, Kurt S.
       title: Libraries and Archives in Germany (Book Review)
        date: 1976-09-01
       words: 1490
      flesch: 61
     summary: Clack cites the work of Frances L. Yocum, pioneer in this area, whose ·subject headings for black themes had a marked influence on the de- velopment of black subjects in the Library of Congress list. As Arthur Spingarn assembled his vast personal li- brary of black literature during the first half of this century, he knew early that bib- liography, like book collecting, is never an end in itself.
    keywords: black; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12883.pdf
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        item: #1780 of 5668
          id: crl-12884
      author: Smith, Jessie Carney
       title: Black Literature Resources: Analysis and Organization (Book Review)
        date: 1976-09-01
       words: 1481
      flesch: 62
     summary: When Clack studied LC's treatment of black subject headings, she concluded that its subject analysis is not adequate to accommodate black literature in a systemat- ic array as a unique body of literature, that there were inconsistencies between headings listed in the index and those list- ed in the outline, and that use of the sys- tem often fails to lead to the retrieval of relevant documents. As Arthur Spingarn assembled his vast personal li- brary of black literature during the first half of this century, he knew early that bib- liography, like book collecting, is never an end in itself.
    keywords: black; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12884.pdf
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        item: #1781 of 5668
          id: crl-12885
      author: Harris, Jessica L.
       title: Abstracting Concepts and Methods (Book Review)
        date: 1976-09-01
       words: 1286
      flesch: 63
     summary: When Clack studied LC's treatment of black subject headings, she concluded that its subject analysis is not adequate to accommodate black literature in a systemat- ic array as a unique body of literature, that there were inconsistencies between headings listed in the index and those list- ed in the outline, and that use of the sys- tem often fails to lead to the retrieval of relevant documents. There are three sections: background on the nature of abstracts and abstracting ser- vices, with criteria, instructions, and stan- dards; abstracting procedures; a miscellany on management, automation, and personnel; the purposes of journal literature; a good projection of future trends; automatic ab- stracting; and career opportunities.
    keywords: abstracting
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12885.pdf
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        item: #1782 of 5668
          id: crl-12886
      author: Coman, Edwin T.
       title: Specialized Information Centers; Manual of Business Library Practice (Book Review)
        date: 1976-09-01
       words: 1265
      flesch: 60
     summary: In addi- tion, the authors supply much information on British business libraries and sources of information. The initial chapter describes a number of British business libraries and compares them to some of their U.S. counterparts.
    keywords: abstracting; information
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12886.pdf
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        item: #1783 of 5668
          id: crl-12887
      author: Talbot, Richard J.
       title: Information Revolution; Information Roundup (Book Review)
        date: 1976-09-01
       words: 1205
      flesch: 58
     summary: In addi- tion, the authors supply much information on British business libraries and sources of information. The initial chapter describes a number of British business libraries and compares them to some of their U.S. counterparts.
    keywords: british; information
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12887.pdf
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        item: #1784 of 5668
          id: crl-12888
      author: Guido, John F.
       title: Rare Book Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1976-09-01
       words: 1303
      flesch: 59
     summary: After all, if one agrees that rare books and special collections constitute a special cate- gory of materials requiring different treat- ment from the mass of library materials as to acquisition, processing, preservation, and exploitation, then problems are seen to emerge which are indigenous to the materi- al, not endemic to ·a geographical point in space and time. Two apparently mutual irreconcilable concepts characterize rare book librarian- ship-custodianship and exploitation.
    keywords: book; rare
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        item: #1785 of 5668
          id: crl-12889
      author: Sheridan, Leslie W.
       title: The Role of the Beginning Librarian in University Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1976-09-01
       words: 1219
      flesch: 65
     summary: It is a book about nonprofes- sionals in libraries who have had training in library techniques and their impact. Edwards, Ralph M. The Role of the Begin- ning Librarian in University Libraries.
    keywords: library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12889.pdf
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        item: #1786 of 5668
          id: crl-12891
      author: Burckel, Nicholas C.
       title: Modern Archives and Manuscripts: A Select Bibliography (Book Review)
        date: 1976-09-01
       words: 1188
      flesch: 64
     summary: Here the author analyzes H. E. Bliss and S. R. Rang- anathan, Pre-Coordinate Indexing with Permutations and Combinations, and Post-Coordinate Indexing and Mechaniza- tion in a discourse sufficiently supported by existing source materials. Evans' Modern Archives and Manu- scripts is a standard reference for any col- lege; its comprehensive list of books, ar- ticles, proceedings, and published sources through December 1973 is the starting -point for information about archives.
    keywords: book; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12891.pdf
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        item: #1787 of 5668
          id: crl-12894
      author: Downs, Robert B.
       title: The Role of the Academic Librarian, 1876-1976
        date: 1976-11-01
       words: 6512
      flesch: 52
     summary: Millett, later president of Mi- ami University, recited some of the complaints against university librarians. Thus, there was little consistency sev- enty-five years ago in the classification of library staff members among the na- tion's universities.
    keywords: academic; college; faculty; librarian; libraries; library; school; staff; university
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        item: #1788 of 5668
          id: crl-12895
      author: Wallace, James O.
       title: Newcomer to the Academic Scene: The Two-Year College Library/Learning Center
        date: 1976-11-01
       words: 6324
      flesch: 55
     summary: The breakthrough in development of junior college libraries came from the action in 1938 of the Carnegie Corpora- tion in making a series of ninety-two grants to junior college libraries. Through this move the need for finan- cial support of junior college libraries was dramatized, and local support was encouraged.
    keywords: college; community; junior; junior college; libraries; library; year
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        item: #1789 of 5668
          id: crl-12898
      author: Holland, Maurita Peterson
       title: Serial Cuts vs. Public Service: A Formula
        date: 1976-11-01
       words: 3753
      flesch: 65
     summary: Current title use: 50 percent of our current journal use can be supplied by twenty-five titles. The formula is used to derive the number of minutes to service a request as a function of the number of titles cut.
    keywords: library; percent; service; titles; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12898.pdf
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        item: #1790 of 5668
          id: crl-12899
      author: Line, Maurice B.
       title: Farewell to Alexandria: Solutions to Space, Growth, and Performance Problems of Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1976-11-01
       words: 2537
      flesch: 61
     summary: I hope it will be fol- lowed by more systematic analyses, related to different types of library, and above all by reports of carefully monitored practical experience in libraries following some of the principles advocated. Unfortunate- ly or fortunately, limited book output will not automatically result in limited libraries, since books do not easily die or rot (in spite of the efforts of some publishers); unlike TV sets, they are both media and matter.
    keywords: libraries; library; reports; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12899.pdf
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        item: #1791 of 5668
          id: crl-12904
      author: Grundt, Leonard
       title: Directory of Academic Library Consortia (Book Review)
        date: 1976-11-01
       words: 1222
      flesch: 54
     summary: A few case studies relating to the planning, development, and operational aspects of media systems have been included. Reader in Media, Technol- ogy and Libraries.
    keywords: library; media
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        item: #1792 of 5668
          id: crl-12905
      author: Flanagan, Cathleen
       title: Media in Higher Education, the Critical Issues: Ideas, Analysis, Confrontation (Book Review)
        date: 1976-11-01
       words: 1244
      flesch: 51
     summary: Gerald R. Brong (the issue editor) contributes two papers, one on in- formation center management and the other on budgeting for media programs. The theme of improving education is, in fact, a sort of conference keynote; when distinguishing between libraries and media programs, several contributors define libraries as entities that support instruc- tion and media programs as entities that improve it.
    keywords: libraries; library; media
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        item: #1793 of 5668
          id: crl-12907
      author: Oboler, Eli M.
       title: Literature, Obscenity & Law (Book Review)
        date: 1976-11-01
       words: 686
      flesch: 61
     summary: Her book is comprehensive and clear but could have profited from more attention to the efforts of those groups and individuals who led the anticensorship fight-the American Civil Liberties Union (one brief reference) and the American Library As- sociation (unmentioned), for example. Near- ly one-third of the book's text (seventy- eight pages) is devoted to detailed descrip- tions and/ or illustrative quotations from fiction, poetry, and drama involved in American obscenity cases since 1890 (which, the author claims, was the begin- ning of both a sexual revolution in Amer- ican fiction and of the first really substan- tial effort to censor by law and legal action such fiction without regard to literary mer- it).
    keywords: book; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12907.pdf
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        item: #1794 of 5668
          id: crl-12908
      author: Laird, W. David
       title: Information for Action: From Knowledge to Action (Book Review)
        date: 1976-11-01
       words: 2029
      flesch: 64
     summary: In fact, in Australia, according to this report, more than twenty copies of a microfilm catalog cost more than the same number of book catalogs. Her book is comprehensive and clear but could have profited from more attention to the efforts of those groups and individuals who led the anticensorship fight-the American Civil Liberties Union (one brief reference) and the American Library As- sociation (unmentioned), for example.
    keywords: academic; book; information; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12908.pdf
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        item: #1795 of 5668
          id: crl-12909
      author: Citron, Helen R.
       title: Catalogue Provision in Libraries of Colleges of Advanced Education (Book Review)
        date: 1976-11-01
       words: 718
      flesch: 64
     summary: This is the report of the de- tailed study directed by Elizabeth Stecher. In fact, in Australia, according to this report, more than twenty copies of a microfilm catalog cost more than the same number of book catalogs.
    keywords: melbourne
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12909.pdf
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        item: #1796 of 5668
          id: crl-12911
      author: Spreitzer, Francis F.
       title: Reprographic Management Handbook; Reprography for Librarians; Reprographic Services in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1976-11-01
       words: 1431
      flesch: 60
     summary: Liberty Hyde Bailey pleading for library service to rural populations in 1908. What kinds of restrictions need to be imposed on copying certain types of library materials; where to locate coin-operated machines for easier monitoring of book-mutilating users; how to handle orders for copyrighted materials, commercial reprinters, cooperative projects; how much searching to do on orders; what to do about requests for extensive (and time-consuming) quotations-these are the kinds of questions the concise book sets out to answer.
    keywords: library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12911.pdf
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        item: #1797 of 5668
          id: crl-12914
      author: Parks, James F.
       title: Reference as the Promotion of Free Inquiry (Book Review)
        date: 1976-11-01
       words: 1293
      flesch: 52
     summary: This study surpasses all others on two major points: it was done on a nation-wide scale, and it encompassed aU types of libraries except school libraries. libraries, known to be very active in ILL, supplied detailed infor- mation on the magnitude, staff costs, condi- tions, policies, and practices of their ILL service.
    keywords: libraries; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12914.pdf
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        item: #1798 of 5668
          id: crl-12915
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1976-11-01
       words: 1784
      flesch: 60
     summary: Described are manufacturing methods for durable papers, security papers, absorb- ent papers, insulating papers, filter papers and many others, even a process for edible paper is given. I say this as one who long advocated such committees and still uses a highly participative procedure for recruiting staff members.
    keywords: committee; research; women
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        item: #1799 of 5668
          id: crl-12916
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1976-11-01
       words: 4523
      flesch: 72
     summary: individual use, contact with student groups, campus publicity, and the initia- tion, in 1971, of annual' conferences on li- brary orientation for academic libraries. Inst. of Library Research, Univ. of California, Berkeley, 1975.
    keywords: information; isbn; libraries; library; new; univ
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        item: #1800 of 5668
          id: crl-12917
      author: Johnson, Richard D.
       title: Shimmer of Excitement
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 837
      flesch: 54
     summary: College and Research Libraries ShiiDIDer of ExciteiDent COLLEGE & RESEARCH LIBRARIES There wa~ a sense of excitement in 1876 as a group of librarians banded together in cooperative enterprise; and concluding her recent article in our journal, Helen W. Tuttle senses in 1976 a similar shimmer of excitement as librarians are on the brink of new areas of cooperation. Stanley McElderry visualizes a co- ordinated effort with national leadership to provide the range of resources and services that can support instruction and research during the next century.
    keywords: mathematics; new
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        item: #1801 of 5668
          id: crl-12918
      author: Saracevic, T.; Shaw, W. M.; Kantor, P. B.
       title: Causes and Dynamics of User Frustration in an Academic Library
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 6640
      flesch: 65
     summary: Therefore, library user performance is a most ap- propriate choice for attempts at im- provement. It is argued that the branching analysis for the combination of effects and the particular measures derived are universally applicable for studying these aspects of library performance. ...
    keywords: books; library; loan; percent; performance; user
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12918.pdf
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        item: #1802 of 5668
          id: crl-12919
      author: Meyer, R. W.; Panetta, Rebecca
       title: Two Shared Cataloging Data Bases: A Comparison
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 3609
      flesch: 71
     summary: The list of BINA card numbers and LC card numbers was then submit- ted to BINA with a request for card sets. DATA BASE DESCRIPTIONS From early 1971 through April 1974 the UTD library acquired its catalog copy by searching the Richard Abel Co. (selected assets of Abel were acquired by BINA in January 1975) data base via the BINA Title Index and request- ing cards by LC card number or BINA card number.
    keywords: cataloging; data; oclc; title
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12919.pdf
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        item: #1803 of 5668
          id: crl-12920
      author: Kaplan, Louis
       title: On Decision Sharing in Libraries: How Much Do We Know?
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 4115
      flesch: 62
     summary: 8 As might be ex- pected, the .authors of these studies each employed a distinctive continuum of decision styles; nevertheless, a meaning- ful comparison of the two is possible. College and Research Libraries LOUIS KAPLAN On Decision Sharing in Libraries: How Much Do We Know?
    keywords: decision; heller; making; managers; sharing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12920.pdf
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        item: #1804 of 5668
          id: crl-12921
      author: Woods, Richard D.
       title: Libraries and Mexican American Bibliography
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 2345
      flesch: 50
     summary: The number of failures, or at best neutral examples in the field of Chicano bibliography, is indicative of the state of Chicano studies-a groping for identity, an unsureness of direction, and the creation of a few works based on scholarship .and imagination. To remedy these defects, the following article suggests seven criteria to improve Chicano bibliographies and provides five titles of exemplary works in this field.
    keywords: american; bibliography; chicano; mexican
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12921.pdf
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        item: #1805 of 5668
          id: crl-12922
      author: Morein, P. Grady; Boykin, Joseph F.; Wells, H. Lea; Givens, Johnnie E.
       title: The Academic Library Development Program
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 4920
      flesch: 55
     summary: The program recommends that at this stage the report should be circu- lated to library staff members for their review. Changes in enrollment patterns, inflation, re- duced budgets, changing theories of management, the information explo- ·sion, and new technology are all having an impact upon academic libraries of every size.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; program; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12922.pdf
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        item: #1806 of 5668
          id: crl-12924
      author: Kraus, Joe W.
       title: Buiding a Great Library: The Coolidge Years at Harvard (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1349
      flesch: 57
     summary: The book has been handsomely printed by the Stinehour Press, composed by the Harvard University Printing Office, and bound in blue cloth with crimson endpa- pers and the Harvard crest in gold on the front cover.-]oe W. Kraus, Illinois State University Library, Normal, Illinois. He was a Harvard man, A.B. 1887, summa cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa, a member of a Harvard family with many Harvard connections.
    keywords: harvard; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12924.pdf
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        item: #1807 of 5668
          id: crl-12926
      author: Rosenberg, Kenyon C.
       title: Classical Music Recordings for Home and Library (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 693
      flesch: 62
     summary: The book is divided into six main sections (excluding the glossary of audio terms and the title and subject-proper name-composer indices) : ( 1) music, education, and record- ings; ( 2) the collection; ( 3) reviews; ( 4) buying sound recordings; ( 5) classification, cataloging, and care of sound recordings; and ( 6) equipment and environments for listening. In fine, the work can be recommended only for the portion excluding section two, and recommended only for those who do not own works treating the subjects herein cared for in greater depth.-Kenyon
    keywords: asian
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12926.pdf
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        item: #1808 of 5668
          id: crl-12930
      author: Burr, Robert L.
       title: Applications of Operations Research Models to Libraries: A Case Study of the Use of Monographs in the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard University (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1393
      flesch: 55
     summary: Few would deny that many librarians, including those whose positions carry spe- cific responsibility for the task, know less than they should about library operations. For instance, the statement is made that the new low cost of video equip- ment (a portable black-and-white camera- recorder combination available for about $2,000) makes this equipment attractive to many libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library; operations
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12930.pdf
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        item: #1809 of 5668
          id: crl-12931
      author: Suput, Ray R.
       title: A Guide to Yugoslav Libraries and Archives (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1422
      flesch: 56
     summary: Few would deny that many librarians, including those whose positions carry spe- cific responsibility for the task, know less than they should about library operations. In her introduction, Chen repeats some familiar claims about the value of opera- tions research techniques, i.e., that they contributed mightily to Allied successes in World War II, and that an increasing number of experts have become persuaded that the procedures of operations research would be effective in solving some of the problems of the public sector.
    keywords: library; operations; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12931.pdf
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        item: #1810 of 5668
          id: crl-12932
      author: Forth, Stuart
       title: Staff Management in University and College Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1430
      flesch: 59
     summary: ly competent librarians being refused ten- ure because they could not meet criteria which included teaching and scholarly pub- lications.), suggest he recognizes that cur- rent serious management problems exist within the framework of some facts which are not fully perceived by the profession, and are unpalatable as well. Nitecki, Joseph Z. OCLC in Retrospect: A Review of the Impact of the OCLC Sys- tem on the Administration of a Large University Technical Services Operations.
    keywords: libraries; library; oclc
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12932.pdf
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        item: #1811 of 5668
          id: crl-12933
      author: Hewitt, Joe A.
       title: The Ohio College Library Center: A Study of the Factors Affecting the Adaptation of Libraries to On-Line Networks; OCLC in Retrospect: A Review of the Impact of the OCLC System on the Administration of a Large University Technical Services Operations (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1130
      flesch: 60
     summary: Nitecki, Joseph Z. OCLC in Retrospect: A Review of the Impact of the OCLC Sys- tem on the Administration of a Large University Technical Services Operations. Librarians using OCLC's on-line catalog- ing system seem to have an insatiable thirst for information about the experience of others with the system.
    keywords: library; oclc
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12933.pdf
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        item: #1812 of 5668
          id: crl-12934
      author: Tallman, Johanna E.
       title: Science and Engineering Literature: A Guide to Reference Sources (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1125
      flesch: 59
     summary: The result is a compilation that library school faculty members will find suitable as a text and that practicing librarians working with science literature will find useful. The first three chapters cover the sources underlying all disciplines, the primary and secondary forms of scientific literature, and their reference sources.
    keywords: libraries; literature
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12934.pdf
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        item: #1813 of 5668
          id: crl-12936
      author: Doyle, James
       title: A Guide to Sources of Educational Information (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 708
      flesch: 58
     summary: Despite such short- comings, this study should not be over- looked by anyone who is vitally concerned with the present state and future prospects of the DDC.-Robert L. Mowery, Human- ities Librarian, Illinois Wesleyan U niversi- ty, Bloomington, Illinois. (LC 75-37116) (ISBN 0-87815-015-3) Naturally, the bulk of any guide to the literature must necessarily be devoted to annotated lists of reference resources.
    keywords: libraries; resources
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12936.pdf
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        item: #1814 of 5668
          id: crl-12937
      author: Sweetland, James H.
       title: Classification and Indexing in the Humanities (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1417
      flesch: 62
     summary: (LC 75-37116) (ISBN 0-87815-015-3) Naturally, the bulk of any guide to the literature must necessarily be devoted to annotated lists of reference resources. Another questionable feature of this survey was the limitation of the personal interviews to pro- cessing centers and large libraries.
    keywords: information; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12937.pdf
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        item: #1815 of 5668
          id: crl-12939
      author: Gration, Selby U.
       title: Reader on the Library Building (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1441
      flesch: 63
     summary: The emphasis in this volume seems to be on academic library buildings. It would have been more satisfactory in a volume of older reprints if a new contri- bution (including an updated bibliogra- phy) had been prepared by the editor or someone else to summarize the current state of the art of library facilities planning.
    keywords: information; library; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12939.pdf
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        item: #1816 of 5668
          id: crl-12940
      author: Marcum, Deanna
       title: Reader in Library Systems Analysis (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1432
      flesch: 58
     summary: The five major sections into which the articles are divided are: Histori- cal Aspects of Library Systems Analysis; General Views of Library Systems Analy- sis; Ideas, Concepts and Procedures within Systems Analysis; Applying Systems Analy- sis Concepts; and Electronic Data Process- ing and Systems Analysis. The volume contains thirty-four articles dealing with library systems analysis, rang- ing from historical aspects to current day case studies.
    keywords: analysis; library; systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12940.pdf
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        item: #1817 of 5668
          id: crl-12941
      author: Churchwell, Charles D.
       title: A Historical Introduction to Library Education: Problems and Progress to 1951 (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1423
      flesch: 56
     summary: There is no mention of either budgets for acquisition or costs of modern maps, an unfortunate omission as these are major problems in map libraries today. The volume contains thirty-four articles dealing with library systems analysis, rang- ing from historical aspects to current day case studies.
    keywords: analysis; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12941.pdf
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        item: #1818 of 5668
          id: crl-12942
      author: Winearls, Joan
       title: Map Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1398
      flesch: 54
     summary: There is no mention of either budgets for acquisition or costs of modern maps, an unfortunate omission as these are major problems in map libraries today. One-third of the book is devoted to con- sideration of the selection policy for cur- rent, local, and early maps and sources for their acquisition.
    keywords: documentation; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12942.pdf
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        item: #1819 of 5668
          id: crl-12943
      author: Harvey, John F.
       title: Planning National Infrastructures for Documentation, Libraries and Archives: Outline of a General Policy; Function and Organization of a National Documentation Centre in a Developing Country, by a FID-DC Working Group under the direction of Harald Schiitz (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1361
      flesch: 53
     summary: Perhaps primarily non-librarians, such as government officials who are planning na- tional documentation centers and informa- tion infrastructures. In the chapter on the classification of local maps, the author takes on the prob- lems of very small areas within cities and parishes and suggests using the British na- tional topographic series numbering (na- tional grid) at scales up to 1 : 1,250 to break down these areas; this is an obvious solution for a country that has such a de- tailed topographic series.
    keywords: documentation; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12943.pdf
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        item: #1820 of 5668
          id: crl-12946
      author: Hock, Randolph E.
       title: The Use of Computers in Literature Searching and Related Reference Activities in Libraries; A Handbook for the Introduction of On-Line Bibliographic Search Services into Academic Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1478
      flesch: 58
     summary: The twenty-four recommendations based on the data obtained should present some guidelines to Canadian law librarians in structuring priorities, particularly the rec- ommendation that CALL develop standards for Canadian law libraries. In the discussion of services offered by law school libraries, it is asserted that the number of staff members correlates to the range of services provided; Table III is cited.
    keywords: law; libraries
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        item: #1821 of 5668
          id: crl-12947
      author: McDonald, John P.
       title: The University: The Anatomy of Academe (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1218
      flesch: 60
     summary: Ross is not concerned with facilities and services, nor with any of the material aspects of university life . And his Newfrqm Columbia Recent Publications I 81 concern is with the successes and failures of universities and with their past accom- plishments and future opportunities.
    keywords: book; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12947.pdf
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        item: #1822 of 5668
          id: crl-12948
      author: Hoadley, Irene Braden
       title: Planning, Programming, Budgeting Systems in Academic Libraries: An Exploratory Study of PPBS in University Libraries Having Membership in the Assocation of Research Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1177
      flesch: 63
     summary: This volume is a descriptive account of planning, programming, budgeting systems (PPBS) in academic libraries just as the A new and updated edition of an invaluable reference tool· A POPULAR GUIDE TO GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS Fourth Edition W. PHILIP LEIDY, Compiler This new edition of the Guide-containing approximately 3,000 entries of value to a general audience-provides the key to what is useful in the repository of the United States Government Printing Office and, in the case of certain documents, other agencies of the government. The sections that deal with Problems and Is- sues Found in Governmental and Business Literature Relating to PPBS and the one on the history of academic libraries add little, if anything, to the primary scope of the book.
    keywords: libraries; ppbs
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12948.pdf
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        item: #1823 of 5668
          id: crl-12949
      author: Gilkin, Ronda
       title: A Plan for Cooperative Action (Book Review)
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 1337
      flesch: 57
     summary: The sections that deal with Problems and Is- sues Found in Governmental and Business Literature Relating to PPBS and the one on the history of academic libraries add little, if anything, to the primary scope of the book. A book on PPBS for academic libraries should have its place in the literature of the field.
    keywords: libraries; ppbs
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12949.pdf
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        item: #1824 of 5668
          id: crl-12950
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1977-01-01
       words: 6216
      flesch: 66
     summary: The components reviewed are: ( 1 ) state library agencies, re- search libraries, state and multistate library net- works, and other regional organizations in the 17 -state western region and the province of British Columbia; ( 2) organizations acting as bibliographic utilities to offer centralized, on- line computer support for technical processing, reference, and interlibrary loan; ( 3) catalog, serials, citation, and inventory control types of bibliographic data bases; and ( 4) · telecommuni- cations services. During a typical week of spring quarter 1975 interviews were conducted with 3,802 people as they left facilities at the Univ. of Washing- ton library system.
    keywords: bibliography; data; isbn; libraries; library; new; research; univ; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12950.pdf
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        item: #1825 of 5668
          id: crl-12952
      author: Walch, Timothy
       title: The Improvement of Library Security
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 2456
      flesch: 61
     summary: RRHAPS THE BEST wAY TO BEGIN a dis- cussion of library security is to sum: marize a theft that took place at a major state library. The case is instruc- tive because it illustrates a number of important aspects of the problems of library security.
    keywords: archives; library; security
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12952.pdf
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        item: #1826 of 5668
          id: crl-12953
      author: Riley, William J.
       title: Library Security and the Federal Bureau of Investigation
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 2687
      flesch: 59
     summary: Such a federal warrant would also give the FBI authority to , seize stolen library or archival material taken by the wanted person. I WOULD LIKE TO DISCUSS THE PROB- LEM of library and archival security from the standpoint of prevention, re- covery of stolen items, successful prose- cution of the thieves, and the assistance an institution can render to law en- forcement agencies in carrying out their responsibilities.
    keywords: books; fbi; items
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12953.pdf
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        item: #1827 of 5668
          id: crl-12955
      author: Beach, Allyne; Gapen, Kaye
       title: Library Book Theft: A Case Study
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 6397
      flesch: 63
     summary: A MAJOR lMPEDIMENT TO EFFICIENT LI- BRARY VSE is library book theft. Just as the white collar crime perspective suggests that there is pressure from status inconsistency which motivates white collar criminals to trespass the law, many librarians have suggested that library book theft is a re- sponse to academic pressure.16 The research tested the pressure by in- vestigating whether students steal books to ensure better grades, to deal with stiff competition from their peers, to have books for their personal collections, or because they cannot afford to purchase the books.
    keywords: book; book theft; library; study; theft; thieves; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12955.pdf
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        item: #1828 of 5668
          id: crl-12956
      author: Hernon, Peter; Pastine, Maureen
       title: Student Perceptions of Academic Librarians
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 6071
      flesch: 54
     summary: STUDIES HAVE FOCUSED on faculty at- titudes regarding librarian-faculty rela- tionships and faculty lack of awareness about the services librarians offer.1 Li- brarians are often more aware of fac- ulty than of student perceptions. This article pre- sents a study of an area neglected by re- search: student perceptions about the roles, duties, and functions of academic librarians.
    keywords: librarians; library; percent; perceptions; research; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12956.pdf
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        item: #1829 of 5668
          id: crl-12957
      author: Shaughnessy, Thomas W.
       title: Participative Management, Collective Bargaining, and Professionalism
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 3643
      flesch: 52
     summary: 33 Examples could also be drawn from the medi9al and legal professions to il- lustrate the same trend-the use of col- lective bargaining by professionals to attain professional goals. Level II goals, in contrast, may be de- fined as longer term professional goa~s.
    keywords: bargaining; collective; goals; management; professional
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12957.pdf
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        item: #1830 of 5668
          id: crl-12958
      author: Von Schon, Catherine V.
       title: Inventory "By Computer"
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 3166
      flesch: 70
     summary: With the shelflist as a source, punched cards were pro- duced for each of the volumes in the collection. The use of punched cards for this purpose has not, to the author's knowledge, so far been reported.
    keywords: books; cards; library; shelflist
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12958.pdf
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        item: #1831 of 5668
          id: crl-12959
      author: Kidd, J. S.
       title: Toward Cost-Effective Procedures in On-Line Bibliographic Searches
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 4588
      flesch: 68
     summary: TOPOLOGY AND ORDER Orig. 16.50 Schwartz, A.M.: SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS AND DETERGENTS Orig.
    keywords: course; items; orig; prep; search; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12959.pdf
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        item: #1832 of 5668
          id: crl-12960
      author: Richmond, Phyllis A.
       title: The Eighteen Editions of the Dewey Decimal Classification; A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloging and Arranging Books and Pamphlets of a Library (Book Review)
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 1245
      flesch: 65
     summary: Comaromi is to be congratulated for writing an excellent history and a lively · and entertaining book on a subject not usually considered to be very exciting. Dewey Decimal Cen- tennial 1896-1976.
    keywords: classification; dewey; edition
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12960.pdf
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        item: #1833 of 5668
          id: crl-12962
      author: Saffady, William
       title: Microfilm: The Librarian's View, 1976-77 (Book Review)
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 1409
      flesch: 55
     summary: In paint- ing a broad picture of library education on the European continent, Davinson exhibits an encyclop~dic familiarity with the litera- hire of several disciplines and the trends in European library education. Donald Davinson has done for li- brary education in Europe what Lester Asheim did for library education in North America in volume 5 of this series.
    keywords: libraries; library; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12962.pdf
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        item: #1834 of 5668
          id: crl-12963
      author: Josey, E. J.
       title: Advances in Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 708
      flesch: 56
     summary: In paint- ing a broad picture of library education on the European continent, Davinson exhibits an encyclop~dic familiarity with the litera- hire of several disciplines and the trends in European library education. In assembling the sixth volume, he has been joined by an erudite library educator, Michael H. Harris.
    keywords: library; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12963.pdf
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        item: #1835 of 5668
          id: crl-12964
      author: Boaz, Martha
       title: Introduction to Library Science: Basic Elements of Library Science (Book Review)
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 1424
      flesch: 57
     summary: Included also is information about the various kinds of libraries, the types of library services, information about impor- tant library leaders, about professional or- ganizations, about library education, and about current problems, issues, and trends. In paint- ing a broad picture of library education on the European continent, Davinson exhibits an encyclop~dic familiarity with the litera- hire of several disciplines and the trends in European library education.
    keywords: librarianship; library; science
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12964.pdf
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        item: #1836 of 5668
          id: crl-12965
      author: Boaz, Martha
       title: Introduction to Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 720
      flesch: 58
     summary: The various chapters cover: library history through the centuries; the place of the libr~ as a social and cul- tural force and as a responsible communica- tion network in society; the importance of reading and of knowing men and books; librarianship in a new role in the field of in- formation science and the study of informa- tion processing devices and techniques such as computers and network systems; the structure, organization and record, of the library and information science profession; the educational and research requirements. He cites authorities, and he expresses his own personal opinion and personal philosophy about the field of librarianship.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12965.pdf
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        item: #1837 of 5668
          id: crl-12966
      author: Perreault, J.M.
       title: The Universe of Information: The Work of Paul Otlet for documentation and International Organisation (Book Review)
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 1483
      flesch: 59
     summary: The various chapters cover: library history through the centuries; the place of the libr~ as a social and cul- tural force and as a responsible communica- tion network in society; the importance of reading and of knowing men and books; librarianship in a new role in the field of in- formation science and the study of informa- tion processing devices and techniques such as computers and network systems; the structure, organization and record, of the library and information science profession; the educational and research requirements. He cites authorities, and he expresses his own personal opinion and personal philosophy about the field of librarianship.
    keywords: book; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12966.pdf
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        item: #1838 of 5668
          id: crl-12967
      author: Fang, Josephine Riss
       title: World Guide to Technical Information and Documentation Services. Guide mondial des centres de documentation et d'information techniques (Book Review)
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 1439
      flesch: 60
     summary: Information under each entry includes: General data (official name(s) in original language, English and French translation, acronyms used, address, short history, staff, subject coverage, library holdings); services offered (abstracting, bibliographic and literature searches, trans- lations, publications, reproduction services, consultant services); and other data as to payments and language used. Included are technical centers, technical libraries at- tached to technical institutions or to univer- sities, national scientific libraries, and docu- mentation centers.
    keywords: guide; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12967.pdf
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        item: #1839 of 5668
          id: crl-12968
      author: Sayre, John L.
       title: Cataloging with Copy: A Decision-Maker's Handbook (Book Review)
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 1394
      flesch: 57
     summary: Several appendixes also provide use- ful information, such as a comparison of ISBD and pre-ISBD punctuation rules, a sample copy cataloging manual, and de- scriptions of commercial sources of equip- ment for photocopying entries from book catalogs, duplicating services, sources of catalog card sets, and processing sets. James A. Hennessy's study on urban in- formation management requires very care- ful reading and a background knowledge of British local and national government to be fully understood, and this paper may be be- yond the reach of many library students particularly in the U.S.A. Elizabeth Orna presents a clear and far-sighted view of the structure and inner workings of an indus- trial training board and the importance to the development of an effective ser\rice for an organization.
    keywords: copy; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12968.pdf
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        item: #1840 of 5668
          id: crl-12969
      author: Roberts, J. K.
       title: Studies in Library Management (Book Review)
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 1428
      flesch: 56
     summary: Several appendixes also provide use- ful information, such as a comparison of ISBD and pre-ISBD punctuation rules, a sample copy cataloging manual, and de- scriptions of commercial sources of equip- ment for photocopying entries from book catalogs, duplicating services, sources of catalog card sets, and processing sets. No heed is given to the fact that archives for public records are primarily extensions of administration and have only secondary value for research, thereby clearly differen- tiating them from manuscript collections which are assembled primarily for research.
    keywords: clark; collections; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12969.pdf
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        item: #1841 of 5668
          id: crl-12971
      author: Bonn, Thomas L.
       title: Media Equipment: A Guide to Dictionary (Book Review)
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 1403
      flesch: 59
     summary: Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Pr., 1976. ISBN 0­ 87287 -155-X. Next to building construction schematics, nothing is guaranteed to cause the uninitiat­ ed librarian more sleepless nights than the preparation or checking of specifications for future media equipment purchases.
    keywords: equipment; library; media
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12971.pdf
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        item: #1842 of 5668
          id: crl-12972
      author: Schorr, Alan Edward
       title: The Nature of Maps: Essays Toward Understanding Maps and Mapping (Book Review)
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 1430
      flesch: 60
     summary: K. H. Plate and E. W. Stone replicate Herzberg's theorem with library personnel in Factors Affecting Libraries Job Satisfaction. Standards for library evaluation are found in Review of Criteria Used to Mea­ sure Lipracy Effectiveness by E. Evans, H. Borko, and P. Ferguson. Library Management suc­ ceeds in fulfilling its purpose, presenting seminal articles on library management in a volume of reasonable length.
    keywords: book; library; maps
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12972.pdf
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        item: #1843 of 5668
          id: crl-12973
      author: Arcari, Ralph D.
       title: A Reader in Library Management (Book Review)
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 1430
      flesch: 60
     summary: K. H. Plate and E. W. Stone replicate Herzberg's theorem with library personnel in Factors Affecting Libraries Job Satisfaction. Standards for library evaluation are found in Review of Criteria Used to Mea­ sure Lipracy Effectiveness by E. Evans, H. Borko, and P. Ferguson. Library Management suc­ ceeds in fulfilling its purpose, presenting seminal articles on library management in a volume of reasonable length.
    keywords: book; library; maps
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12973.pdf
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        item: #1844 of 5668
          id: crl-12974
      author: Gittelshon, Marc
       title: The Book Trade of the World; Volume II, The Americas, Australia, New Zealand (Book Review)
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 1432
      flesch: 57
     summary: The opening group of artfcles appears under a heading entitled The Setting and covers the writing of library history, the distribution of libraries throughout the United States, the growth of research col- lections, statistical reporting of American library developments by the federal govern- ment, and library . John C. Col- son's lead chapter appeals to the serious student of library history by speculating about the contrasting definitions of history as a past which is known, and needs only to be explained, and history as a method of study.
    keywords: book; library; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12974.pdf
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        item: #1845 of 5668
          id: crl-12975
      author: Peterson, Kenneth G.
       title: American Library History: 1876-1976 (Book Review)
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 1419
      flesch: 49
     summary: The opening group of artfcles appears under a heading entitled The Setting and covers the writing of library history, the distribution of libraries throughout the United States, the growth of research col- lections, statistical reporting of American library developments by the federal govern- ment, and library . Maintaining that children were themselves the instigators of the de- velopment of library services to fit their needs, Sara I. Fenwick describes tlie changes that have occurred in programs for children and young people during the past one · hundred years.
    keywords: book; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12975.pdf
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        item: #1846 of 5668
          id: crl-12978
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1977-03-01
       words: 3800
      flesch: 66
     summary: Social Science Information Services, L Paris: Unesco Pr., 1976. The first section describes in detail the provision of library instruction and orientation to 7,000 students during the year.
    keywords: information; isbn; libraries; library; series
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12978.pdf
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        item: #1847 of 5668
          id: crl-12979
      author: Genaway, David C.; Stanford, Edward B.
       title: Quasi-Departmental Libraries
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 4681
      flesch: 53
     summary: Use of Library Services There was some support for the hy- pothesis that a relationship exists be- tween use of university library services and the emergence and/ or maintenance of QD libraries. The strongest support for the first hypothesis is in the area of attitudes toward university library services.
    keywords: libraries; library; percent; system; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12979.pdf
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        item: #1848 of 5668
          id: crl-12980
      author: Goldstein, Marianne; Sedransk, Joseph
       title: Using a Sample Technique to Describe Characterists of a Collection
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 4439
      flesch: 65
     summary: Of particu- lar note at Stony Brook is the high per- centage of German titles in relation to its rather small collection. The importance of Hebrew titles at Cornell and Binghamton is, of course, the result of participation in the Israel PL-480 Program which operated be- tween 1964 and 1973.
    keywords: collection; sample; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12980.pdf
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        item: #1849 of 5668
          id: crl-12982
      author: Matthews, Elizabeth W.
       title: Trends Affecting Community College Library Administrators
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 4117
      flesch: 50
     summary: CoMMUNITY COLLEGE library- learning resource directors are assuming a new role, not only for the administration of library material in all forms, but in pro- viding a learning environment and assisting instructors with multiple teach- ing strategies. In an earlier study the prediction was made that, as the junior college becomes more distinct, it is probable that previous experience will be college library experi- ence rather than school library experi- ence.11
    keywords: college; learning; library; percent; resource
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12982.pdf
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        item: #1850 of 5668
          id: crl-12984
      author: Perk, Lawrence J.
       title: Secondary Publications in Education: A Study of Duplication
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 3023
      flesch: 65
     summary: However, by more than a two-to-one ratio (Table 1), P A appears to scan more periodicals in education than do EI and Cl]E for psychology. In an education- psychology library the user was refer- ring to Education Index, ERIC's Cur- rent Index to Journals in Education, and Psychological Abstracts.
    keywords: education; periodicals
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12984.pdf
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        item: #1851 of 5668
          id: crl-12985
      author: Coleman, Kathleen; Dickinson, Pauline
       title: Drafting a Reference Collection Policy
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 3568
      flesch: 55
     summary: After performing a nearly fruitless literature search on the subject of reference collection policies, the committee decided to survey other university libraries for ideas and re- quested reference collection policies from sixty American and Canadian uni- versities which, like San Diego State University, have an enrollment in excess of 20,000 students. Reference librarians who are subject bibliographers are responsible for their areas of specialization.
    keywords: collection; reference; research; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12985.pdf
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        item: #1852 of 5668
          id: crl-12987
      author: Baughman, James C.
       title: Toward a Structural Approach to Collection Development
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 4011
      flesch: 50
     summary: Subject literature behavior and properties are described in this paper through the techniques of citation count- ing, Bradford's law, and Coffman's indirect method. · 0 NE OF THE MOST SERIOUS PROBLEMS that -exists today in the library is collec- tion development. These constructs are: ( 1 ) use-cluster of demands; ( 2) knowledge-cluster of disciplines, subjects, topics, and areas of study; and ( 3) librarianship-cluster of subject literature relationships.
    keywords: collection; development; library; literature; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12987.pdf
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        item: #1853 of 5668
          id: crl-12988
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 2279
      flesch: 56
     summary: It is indeed time for statistically sound research studies that will accurately mea- sure total library use and, not only all of the factors that result in user frustration, but also the disastrous effects on research in American universities of over-dependence on cooperation as a substitute for adequate research collections.-Melvin ]. Most ob- servers believe that, in open-shelf research libraries, total use is on the order of ten times circulation.
    keywords: library; research; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12988.pdf
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        item: #1854 of 5668
          id: crl-12989
      author: Harwell, Richard
       title: Books that Changed the South (Book Review)
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 1729
      flesch: 69
     summary: Anuar dis- cusses concepts, functions, and implementa- tion of plans for national libraries in sev- eral countries in Southeast Asia and the Philippines. In Books That Changed the South Downs discusses in thoroughly researched essays twenty-five important works ranging from John Smith's The Generall H istorie of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles (1624) to C. Vann Woodward's Ori- gins of the New South, 1877-1913 (1951) .
    keywords: books; downs; library; national
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12989.pdf
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        item: #1855 of 5668
          id: crl-12991
      author: Breyfogle, Robert H.
       title: Practical MARC Cataloguing. Proceedings of the Second SCONUL Seminar on Practical MARC Cataloguing, Organized by the Universities of Southampton and Birmingham and Held at the University of Southampton, 5th-7th Septmber 1975; Proceedings of a Conference Held in Plymouth on 16 and 17 April, 1975 (Book Review)
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 1291
      flesch: 56
     summary: The second conference, at which time a British MARC Users' Group was official- ly established, concerned itself-in the con- text of MARC use-with the relationship of the using libraries to book dealers, to the national library, and to future developments of automation. It deals with the experiences growing out of their alignment with MARC and their commitment to AACR (British edition) .
    keywords: libraries; library; marc
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12991.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12991.txt

        item: #1856 of 5668
          id: crl-12994
      author: Osborn, Jeanne
       title: Biomedical, Scientific & Technical Book Reviewing (Book Review)
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 1461
      flesch: 56
     summary: The directory is augmented by four indexes-broad subject categories, data base name, producer, and processor. Although some of the minimal data base descriptions are not fully detailed, the majority of the file entries in- clude a great deal of information: acronym and complete name, issuance, correspon- dence with printed source, producer, dis- tributor and/ or generator, subject matter and scope, indexing, tape specifications, data base services, and user aids if offered by the producer.
    keywords: bases; book; data
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12994.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12994.txt

        item: #1857 of 5668
          id: crl-12995
      author: Vaughan, Patricia E.
       title: Computer-Readable Bibliographic Data Bases: A Directory and Data Sourcebook (Book Review)
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 1412
      flesch: 55
     summary: Although some of the minimal data base descriptions are not fully detailed, the majority of the file entries in- clude a great deal of information: acronym and complete name, issuance, correspon- dence with printed source, producer, dis- tributor and/ or generator, subject matter and scope, indexing, tape specifications, data base services, and user aids if offered by the producer. The directory is augmented by four indexes-broad subject categories, data base name, producer, and processor.
    keywords: bases; data; information
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12995.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12995.txt

        item: #1858 of 5668
          id: crl-12996
      author: Hawks, Jean
       title: Serials Automation in the United States: A Bibliographic History (Book Review)
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 694
      flesch: 56
     summary: Memories of the earlier editions from library school days on through years in the library profession bring proud recognition that the Guide has been a work of consistent excellence by li- brarians for the entire learning world. This book will help anyone considering serials automation by providing concise in- formation on the way in which other li- braries faced the challenges of serials automation and by locating specific articles relevant to the library's particular automa- tion needs.
    keywords: library; serials
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12996.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12996.txt

        item: #1859 of 5668
          id: crl-12997
      author: Longstreet, Christine R.
       title: Guide to Reference Books (Book Review)
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 2163
      flesch: 61
     summary: m rn rn rn m m BROCKHAUS STUTTGART m BOOKDEALERS ·LIBRARY AGENTS· gives you just a little extra service which is so important on book orders, subscriptions to periodicals and standing orders for series and sets, as well as searching for out-of- print publications. Since the Morgan's treasures and those of its friends range from the earliest illuminated medie- val manuscripts to fine printed books of all eras, literary and musical manuscripts, and virtuoso drawings, there is always some- thing on display of great aesthetic appeal and intellectual interest.
    keywords: book; information; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12997.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12997.txt

        item: #1860 of 5668
          id: crl-12998
      author: Friedman, Joan M.
       title: The Illustrator and the Book in England from 1790 to 1914; William Morris and the Art of the Book (Book Review)
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 1475
      flesch: 62
     summary: Formal bibliographic description has been most ably supplied by Thomas Lange, assistant curator of printed books at the Morgan Library, and for that alone the book would be an invaluable tool for li- braries (although fuller descriptions of many of the books are to be found in R. V. Tooley's English Books with Coloured Plates and the catalogs of the color-plate book collection of J. R. Abbey, to which reference is made). Since the Morgan's treasures and those of its friends range from the earliest illuminated medie- val manuscripts to fine printed books of all eras, literary and musical manuscripts, and virtuoso drawings, there is always some- thing on display of great aesthetic appeal and intellectual interest.
    keywords: book; library; morris
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12998.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12998.txt

        item: #1861 of 5668
          id: crl-12999
      author: McKenzie, Mary A.
       title: Libraries and Library Services in the Southeast. A Report of the Southeastern States Cooperative Survey, 1972-1974 (Book Review)
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 1428
      flesch: 54
     summary: In successive chapters, the author describes the region, the major agen- cies responsible for leadership, the types of institutions providing library services, and general characteristics of library personnel with a cursory look at library users. Except for state library agencies and su- preme court libraries, findings are not bro- ken down by individual institution.
    keywords: book; library; morris
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-12999.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-12999.txt

        item: #1862 of 5668
          id: crl-13000
      author: Williamson, W. L.
       title: Carl H. Milam and the American Library Association; Carl H. Milam and the United Nations Library (Book Review)
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 2581
      flesch: 58
     summary: In successive chapters, the author describes the region, the major agen- cies responsible for leadership, the types of institutions providing library services, and general characteristics of library personnel with a cursory look at library users. types of li- braries, agencies, and organizations con- cerned with library services.
    keywords: libraries; library; milam; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13000.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13000.txt

        item: #1863 of 5668
          id: crl-13001
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1977-05-01
       words: 4530
      flesch: 69
     summary: Comparisons were made between oth- er libraries and Wayne State University li- braries in the following areas : ( 1 ) the decision to classify books as reference, ( 2 ) the labeling of reference books, ( 3) the reference catalog, and ( 4) ways of indicating reference locations on catalog cards. Six university libraries were visited and ob- servations were made on their procedures for indicating locations of reference books in card catalogs.
    keywords: bibliography; books; isbn; libraries; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13001.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13001.txt

        item: #1864 of 5668
          id: crl-13002
      author: Kidd, J. S.
       title: On-Line Bibliographic Services: Selected British Experiences
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 3517
      flesch: 52
     summary: For these students and other users in a similar project mode, the service was very welcome (i.e., user acceptance was high at all sites). While in no instance was there an over- night sensation effect, demand grew over an eight- to ten-month span at a accelerating pace based mainly on word- of-mouth endorsements by users.
    keywords: line; search; service; university; user
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13002.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13002.txt

        item: #1865 of 5668
          id: crl-13004
      author: Kreilkamp, Hermes D.
       title: The National Agricultural Library's Data Base: AGRICOLA
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 3702
      flesch: 59
     summary: There seems to be a definite future for automatic indexing such as that used in AGRICOLA, although the ex- perience of CAIN users indicated the desirability of enriching certain key words with scientific or popular names which might suggest themselves for greater clarity. The rele- vance of hits retrieved from CAIN in Norway ran only 30 percent so that users, on the whole, felt dissatisfied.14 The University of California had CAIN SDI services in operation since January 1972 and has had CAIN on-line since October 1973.
    keywords: agricultural; base; cain; data; line
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13004.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13004.txt

        item: #1866 of 5668
          id: crl-13005
      author: Perk, Lawrence J.; Van Pulis, Noelle
       title: Periodical Usage in an Education-Psychology Library
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 2875
      flesch: 63
     summary: The analysis incorporated discussion of the techni.ques and limitations of journal usage studies. 13 Undoubtedly, among the major influ- ences on journal usage are indexing and abstracting services, both manual and computer-based.
    keywords: journals; library; study; usage
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13005.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13005.txt

        item: #1867 of 5668
          id: crl-13006
      author: Rice, Barbara A.
       title: The Development of Working Collections in University Libraries
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 2115
      flesch: 49
     summary: ALA's Collection Development Com- mittee of the Resources Section, Re- sources and Technical Services Division, has developed guidelines for the formu- lation of collection development poli- cies.l0 They are extremely well orga- nized and specific and can serve as a base for the long-term task of generat- ing a working collection development policy. I believe that the transition is necessary and here outline an approach to the development of working collections.
    keywords: collection; development; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13006.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13006.txt

        item: #1868 of 5668
          id: crl-13007
      author: Greene, Robert J.
       title: The Effectiveness of Browsing
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 2264
      flesch: 69
     summary: Book ratings were assigned the follow- ing values: Essential 3 Useful 2 Interesting or incidental value 1 N~ mcl~ 0 Books not read or not judged and books not discovered in any of the ways listed in Table 3 were not given a nu- merical value. The relationship between the way in which library books are discovered and their subsequent usefulness is examined.
    keywords: books; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13007.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13007.txt

        item: #1869 of 5668
          id: crl-13010
      author: Gennaro, Richard de
       title: Capital Provision for University Libraries: Report of a Working Party (Book Review)
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 1190
      flesch: 58
     summary: 338 I College & Research Libraries • July 1977 be enough resources to build new libraries at all universities at a scale needed to match their growth, the UGC (the body in Britain that allocates funds for universities, including their libraries) established a working party to review the policy for the provision of new buildings and to make rec- ommendations for changes. Management Techniques for Librarians pulls together standard material drawn from the literature of administrative science and organizes it into fourteen chapters on: library management; history of manage- ment; styles of management and organiza- tional thought; creativity and the library; decision making; planning; delegation; delegation of authority; communications; motivation; personnel; finance; work analy- sis; and management, librarians, and the future.
    keywords: libraries; library; management
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13010.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13010.txt

        item: #1870 of 5668
          id: crl-13011
      author: Mitchell, A. A.
       title: Management Techniques for Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 1398
      flesch: 59
     summary: 338 I College & Research Libraries • July 1977 be enough resources to build new libraries at all universities at a scale needed to match their growth, the UGC (the body in Britain that allocates funds for universities, including their libraries) established a working party to review the policy for the provision of new buildings and to make rec- ommendations for changes. Management Techniques for Librarians pulls together standard material drawn from the literature of administrative science and organizes it into fourteen chapters on: library management; history of manage- ment; styles of management and organiza- tional thought; creativity and the library; decision making; planning; delegation; delegation of authority; communications; motivation; personnel; finance; work analy- sis; and management, librarians, and the future.
    keywords: book; library; publishing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13011.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13011.txt

        item: #1871 of 5668
          id: crl-13012
      author: Bonn, Thomas L.
       title: The Business of Publishing: A PW Anthology (Book Review)
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 699
      flesch: 60
     summary: Since 1871 its editorial pages have exerted a very positive influ- ence on the conduct of book publishing and bookselling. I 339 standard survey, What Happens in Book Publishing (Columbia, 2d ed., 1967), the major functions-editorial, production, and distribution-and many of the major cate- gories of book publishing are represented.
    keywords: book; publishing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13012.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13012.txt

        item: #1872 of 5668
          id: crl-13013
      author: Helzer, Charles
       title: Pages: The World of Books, Writers, and Writing (Book Review)
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 1424
      flesch: 61
     summary: Since 1871 its editorial pages have exerted a very positive influ- ence on the conduct of book publishing and bookselling. I 339 standard survey, What Happens in Book Publishing (Columbia, 2d ed., 1967), the major functions-editorial, production, and distribution-and many of the major cate- gories of book publishing are represented.
    keywords: book; library; publishing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13013.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13013.txt

        item: #1873 of 5668
          id: crl-13017
      author: Lucker, Jay K.
       title: Designing a National Scientific and Technological Communication System: The SCATT Report (Book Review)
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 1077
      flesch: 51
     summary: By Rus.sell L. Ackoff, Thomas A. Cowan, Peter Davis, Martin C. J. Elton, James C. Emery, Marybeth L. Meditz, and Wladimer M. Sachs. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Pr., 1976. System proposed are the provision for prepublication entry of documents; a mechanism for redundancy checking of all manuscripts; a structured fee system wherein invited papers would have no charges, uninvited but refereed and accepted papers would get partial re- covery of processing costs, and uninvited, unrefereed, or rejected papers would be charged the total processing cost; establish- ment of national, regional, and local centers with separate but interlocking functions; user feedback on document relevancy and quality; and the potentiality for internation- al extension of the system.
    keywords: information; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13017.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13017.txt

        item: #1874 of 5668
          id: crl-13019
      author: Holman, William R.
       title: Voices from the Southwest: A Gathering in Honor of Lawrence Clark Powell (Book Review)
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 702
      flesch: 65
     summary: What is known and practiced in bibliography today is heavily indebted to him, so these essays are certainly a fitting selection as the second title in The Great Bibliographers Series.-David E. Estes, As- sistant University Librarian, Special C ollec- tions, Robert W. W oodrutf Library, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Where else would one find poetry by William Everson, photography by Ansel Adams and John Schaefer, a drawing by Jose Cisneros, gathered together with essays by such writers as Paul Horgan, Frank Waters, Richard Dillon, and many other outstanding personalities of the Southwest?
    keywords: powell; southwest
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13019.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13019.txt

        item: #1875 of 5668
          id: crl-13020
      author: Merikangas, Robert J.
       title: Books and Undergraduates: Proceedings of a Conference Held at Royal Holloway College, University of London, 4th-6th July, 1975 (Book Review)
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 1315
      flesch: 63
     summary: This volume reports a conference which tried to learn how the flow of books to the student could be improved, but with a theme of the interdependence of teaching faculty, librarians, publishers, booksellers, and students. His earlier studies, Books and Reading (Lon­ don, 1969) and Books: Buyers and Bor­ rowers (London, 1971), had previously led to a pamphlet on Books and Students (London, 1973).
    keywords: books; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13020.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13020.txt

        item: #1876 of 5668
          id: crl-13021
      author: Dain, Phyllis
       title: A Century of Service: Librarianship in the United States and Canada (Book Review)
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 1313
      flesch: 51
     summary: Some important topics, like li­ brary resources and bibliographical control, could have been thrown into bolder relief (though they are covered rather extensively in the Library Trends issue), and problems of library governance, financial support, and libraries in the political and legislative process receive not much more than passing attention. Highlighted are several subjects that have needed historical exploration, such as library technology in relation to reference and technical services and the history of services to ethnic minorities, Afro-Ameri­ cans, and the urban masses.
    keywords: books; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13021.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13021.txt

        item: #1877 of 5668
          id: crl-13022
      author: Nebehay, Elisabeth H.
       title: International Guide to Library, Archival, and Information Science Associations (Book Review)
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 1802
      flesch: 49
     summary: It would have been more useful, I think, to separate the titles into categories, such as international library journals; direc- tories, annuals, etc.; and writings about pro- fessional library associations. Highlighted are several subjects that have needed historical exploration, such as library technology in relation to reference and technical services and the history of services to ethnic minorities, Afro-Ameri- cans, and the urban masses.
    keywords: libraries; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13022.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13022.txt

        item: #1878 of 5668
          id: crl-13023
      author: Lemke, Darrell H.
       title: Library Networks (Book Review)
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 721
      flesch: 54
     summary: Through expanded coverage, stylistic im­ provement, and a far better integration of factual statements with considerations of those issues confronting networks, Susan Martin has substantially i~proved upon the first edition of this publication, which, un­ der different authorship, was unsatisfactory in its treatment of library networks during 1974-75 (College & Research Libraries Names in non­ Roman script are transliterated.
    keywords: library; names
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13023.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13023.txt

        item: #1879 of 5668
          id: crl-13026
      author: Welsh, Harry E.
       title: Access to Canadian Government Publications in Canadian Academic and Public Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 1269
      flesch: 51
     summary: As could be expected, the study recommends a need for standards for government publications collections. What emerges from Access is a clear picture of what Canadian libraries are doing to organize and service their govern- ments' publications.
    keywords: libraries; publications
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13026.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13026.txt

        item: #1880 of 5668
          id: crl-13027
      author: Dyson, Allan J.
       title: Faculty Involvement in Library Instruction: Their Views on Participation in and Support of Academic Library use Instruction (Book Review)
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 1644
      flesch: 51
     summary: CRJ-7 1------------------------------------------------------~ 358 I College & Research Libraries • July 1977 Jacquelyn Morris' description of one li- brary's battle with its faculty to receive approval for its credit course in library use. In addition, potential library users were also contacted to identify if these people obtain government information from libraries or other sources.
    keywords: faculty; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13027.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13027.txt

        item: #1881 of 5668
          id: crl-13028
      author: Spang, Lothar
       title: Collective Bargaining and the Academic Librarian (Book Review)
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 1257
      flesch: 49
     summary: Experience gained from six years of ac- tive involvement in collective bargaining and from one year of investigative research into the key issues of negotiation has well prepared the author to compile a primer of collective bargaining for the faculty in general, with special emphasis on academic librarianship. The work concludes with a summary of the prospects for collective bargaining, in- cluding a thoughtful examination of its im- pact on libraries as well as librarians.
    keywords: bargaining; librarians; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13028.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13028.txt

        item: #1882 of 5668
          id: crl-13029
      author: Healy, Barbara R.
       title: Business Information Sources (Book Review)
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 1252
      flesch: 55
     summary: The authors address library management as a systematic process, derived from sound and tested principles of management the- ory. Hicks and Tillin claim that by using basic syste~s procedures and · supplying data and detail specific to libraries, the translation of management skills into an effective and comprehensive methodology of library planning and development func- tioning can be achieved.
    keywords: library; management
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13029.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13029.txt

        item: #1883 of 5668
          id: crl-13030
      author: Terwilliger, Gloria
       title: Managing Multimedia Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 1416
      flesch: 59
     summary: The authors address library management as a systematic process, derived from sound and tested principles of management the- ory. The central concept of the book is the application of management by objectives in a systematic and humane fashion.
    keywords: library; management
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13030.pdf
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        item: #1884 of 5668
          id: crl-13032
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 2349
      flesch: 64
     summary: 2. Isn't it just possible that the staff would be more usefully employed giv- ing service to library users and doing other service-related tasks for those ten weeks? Research- ers are more worried about missing relevant papers than they are with seeing irrelevant titles; in other words, most will want searches tailored to emphasize recall rather than precision.
    keywords: libraries; library; search
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13032.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13032.txt

        item: #1885 of 5668
          id: crl-13033
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1977-07-01
       words: 3072
      flesch: 71
     summary: Books, Publishing, and Libraries Information Guide Series, v. 1. (Available from publisher, 1401 N St., N.W., Washing- ton, DC 20036. ) Includes members of Congress, key congres- sional committees and staffs, federal agencies and regional officials, and state officials.
    keywords: guide; information; isbn; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13033.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13033.txt

        item: #1886 of 5668
          id: crl-13035
      author: Halldorsson, Egill A.; Murfin, Marjorie E.
       title: The Performance of Professionals and Nonprofessionals in the Reference Interview
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 5605
      flesch: 55
     summary: This type of question, as expected, proved to be the TABLE 2 SuccEss BY TYPE OF QuESTION Differences be- tween the two groups may have been due to the fact that most library schools encourage responsibility for resolving communication problem questions and provide some orientation and training in handling them.
    keywords: information; nonprofessionals; questions; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13035.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13035.txt

        item: #1887 of 5668
          id: crl-13036
      author: Lee, Susan A.
       title: Conflict and Ambiguity in the Role of the Academic Library Director
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 4596
      flesch: 55
     summary: Basic to this situation of instability is a change in the way library directors distribute their time. A small number of library directors reported being ineligible for faculty committees.
    keywords: academic; directors; library; library director; role
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13036.pdf
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        item: #1888 of 5668
          id: crl-13038
      author: Wittig, Glenn R.
       title: Dual Pricing of Periodicals
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 3552
      flesch: 58
     summary: The L] annual survey, however, cites only a single average price per category; a distinction in subscription rates is not made. Peculiarities in the bibliographical-acquisition tools available to librarians did not permit the extraction of subscription rates with any degree of confidence.
    keywords: dual; periodicals; price; rates; subscription
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13038.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13038.txt

        item: #1889 of 5668
          id: crl-13039
      author: Piternick, George
       title: ARL Statistics-Handle With Care
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 2526
      flesch: 58
     summary: If the effects of recent finan- cial cut-backs in academic library ac- quisitions are being investigated, it seems appropriate to measure gross changes for ARL libraries as a whole. It is clear that ARL' s dramatic statement on additions to ARL library collections, quoted earlier, is not supported by the data.
    keywords: arl; libraries; volumes
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13039.pdf
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        item: #1890 of 5668
          id: crl-13040
      author: Canelas, Dale B.
       title: Library Management (Book Review)
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 1556
      flesch: 61
     summary: This slender volume covers the historical development of management theory and discusses, under the following headings, each of the functions which are carried out in the management of organizations: plan- ning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling the operation. Further reading along these suggested lines would provide an excellent basic education in management theory.
    keywords: book; library; management
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13040.pdf
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        item: #1891 of 5668
          id: crl-13042
      author: Blum, Fred
       title: Advances in Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 1933
      flesch: 54
     summary: The serious researcher will still need to use Library Literature, but the person wanting to become familiar with a topic probably will find sufficient entries in this book without struggling through excess material. It provides a general frame of reference which is applicable to any type of library.
    keywords: information; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13042.pdf
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        item: #1892 of 5668
          id: crl-13043
      author: Johnson, Irma Y.
       title: Science and Technology: An Introduction to the Literature (Book Review)
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 688
      flesch: 59
     summary: The ref- erence book type strives for comprehen- siveness in its listing and annotations; Malinowsky's Science and Engineering Ref- erence Sources and Jenkins' Science Refer- ence Sources are familiar examples. Discussion of com- puterized data bases reflects the relative ab- sence at the time of writing of on-line services familiar to U.S. readers.
    keywords: val
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13043.pdf
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        item: #1893 of 5668
          id: crl-13045
      author: Smith, Eldred
       title: Participative Management in Academic Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 1835
      flesch: 60
     summary: In the extended analysis of library evaluation, a relationship is found-par- ticularly in the perception of library staff- between library effectiveness and staff satis- faction (e.g., participation). While libraries or librarians cannot forcibly penetrate the classroom, many have taken leadership roles and have implement- ed successful programs both in and out of the classroom.
    keywords: book; hebrew; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13045.pdf
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        item: #1894 of 5668
          id: crl-13046
      author: La Bue, Benedict
       title: The Teacher: Key to Library-Centered Instruction; The Library-Centered Approach to Learning (Book Review)
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 710
      flesch: 63
     summary: While libraries or librarians cannot forcibly penetrate the classroom, many have taken leadership roles and have implement- ed successful programs both in and out of the classroom. The Schuster book on the other hand tries to cover the whole library-college concept and its application especially at the elementary and junior high level.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13046.pdf
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        item: #1895 of 5668
          id: crl-13047
      author: Conway, William E.
       title: Eighteenth-Century English Books, Considered by Librarians and Booksellers, Bibliographers and Collectors (Book Review)
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 1413
      flesch: 60
     summary: LC 76-56·238. ISBN 0-87287-138-X. Several books on library management have been published in recent years. While libraries or librarians cannot forcibly penetrate the classroom, many have taken leadership roles and have implement- ed successful programs both in and out of the classroom.
    keywords: book; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13047.pdf
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        item: #1896 of 5668
          id: crl-13049
      author: Ashley, Janet L.
       title: Writing Objectives for Bibliographic Instruction in Academic Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 671
      flesch: 57
     summary: The rest of the conference consisted of workshops for small groups to practice using object1ves in various types of biblio- graphic instruction: printed bibliographies, slide/tape presentations, lectures with transparencies, library exercises, and sep- arate courses. The summaries contain many concrete ideas, practical sug- gestions, and examples of how libraries are using objectives.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13049.pdf
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        item: #1897 of 5668
          id: crl-13051
      author: Johnson, Richard D.
       title: University Libraries in Britain: A New Look (Book Review)
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 1398
      flesch: 60
     summary: It was a period of major growth for all aca- demic libraries, reaching its peak with the Parry Report of 1967, giving official sup- port to the need for increasing financial support to university libraries, but coming back rudely to earth less than a decade later with the 1976 report of the Atkinson committee (reviewed in the July 1977 issue of C&RL) with its concept of the self-re- newing library. Eighteen years later in 1975, Harrison Bryan, now university librarian of the U ni- versity of Sydney, again had a study leave to survey English university libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13051.pdf
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        item: #1898 of 5668
          id: crl-13052
      author: Gambee, Budd L.
       title: Libraries as Communication Systems (Book Review)
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 1402
      flesch: 54
     summary: As to the de- leted section on school libraries, it should have been deleted because it represented practices of only nineteen school libraries, scarcely a useful sample. The usefulness of this book in American library schools would be main- ly as supplementary reading for general courses such as those dealing with the li- brary in society or the library's role in com- munications.-Budd L. Gambee, School of Library Science, University of North Caro- lina, Chapel Hill.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13052.pdf
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        item: #1899 of 5668
          id: crl-13053
      author: Grose, B. Donald
       title: Handbook of Library Regulations (Book Review)
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 1120
      flesch: 65
     summary: From the 349 responses to the questionnaire, the authors compiled data on library regulations as they relate to users, circulation, resources, interlibrary loan, reprography, and administration. As to the de- leted section on school libraries, it should have been deleted because it represented practices of only nineteen school libraries, scarcely a useful sample.
    keywords: library; regulations
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13053.pdf
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        item: #1900 of 5668
          id: crl-13054
      author: Parks, James F.
       title: The Librarian and Reference Service (Book Review)
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 703
      flesch: 60
     summary: The study goes be- yond the incunable period in time and be- yond the confines of the Venetian Republic to prove the premise that publishing in Venice was fairly free from government in- terference on one hand and private patron- age on the other so that the books published represent the true taste of the audience which is the middle class society. There is a tendency to consider such col- lections the sole property of library school students, but this may be unfair; and the practicing librarian will do well to consider the miscellany of reference librarianship to be found between these covers.
    keywords: reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13054.pdf
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        item: #1901 of 5668
          id: crl-13055
      author: Krek, Miroslav
       title: Printing and Publishing in Fifteenth-Century Venice (Book Review)
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 1814
      flesch: 56
     summary: The articles, written by persons familiar to readers of major library journals, are grouped into three broad parts centering generally around ( 1) definitions, ( 2) direc- tions, and ( 3) desiderata of reference. Chapter 1 begins on page 11; a postscript of three pages includes a page of five lines in presenting an unanno- tated list of thesis guides; and the work ends with five pages of indexes (author and title and subject) with more than one of the five pages left blank.
    keywords: information; reader; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13055.pdf
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        item: #1902 of 5668
          id: crl-13058
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1977-09-01
       words: 4736
      flesch: 64
     summary: Proceedings of two symposia sponsored in honor of Louis Round Wilson's 100th birth- day by the School of Library Science and University Library, University of North Car- olina at Chapel Hill, December 2, 1976. Chapel Hill: University Library, Univ. of North Carolina, 1977. 65p.
    keywords: information; isbn; libraries; library; new; services; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13058.pdf
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        item: #1903 of 5668
          id: crl-13059
      author: Johnson, Richard D.
       title: A Brief Golden Age?
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 318
      flesch: 50
     summary: In discussing this problem, Roberts records the opportunities librarians missed: University librarians had failed either to establish, or to convey to the world at large, the nature of the relationship between quality of scholarship, research education, and the quality of library collections and services. A. G. Myatt, British Library Lending Division, follows with an account of the educational and publications programs of the Lending Division.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13059.pdf
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        item: #1904 of 5668
          id: crl-13060
      author: Roberts, Norman
       title: Aspects of British University Librarianship, 1877-1977
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 10071
      flesch: 54
     summary: To describe in detail the development of university libraries to this latest point would be to engage in a lengthy, involved, and particularist story. Much of what is said may be applied to Scottish libraries, but the generalizations are based, in the main, on university libraries in England and Wales.
    keywords: british; committee; information; librarianship; libraries; library; london; ugc; universities; university; university libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13060.pdf
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        item: #1905 of 5668
          id: crl-13061
      author: Myatt, A. G.
       title: Promoting the Use of Literature at Boston Spa
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 4320
      flesch: 55
     summary: The development of these programs is briefly described, and current Lending Division publications are listed. The latter is perhaps better regarded as a. translation service in its own right, SI~ce subscribers are given the opportu­ nity to participate in the processes of selection.
    keywords: british; division; lending; lending division; library; national; translations
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13061.pdf
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        item: #1906 of 5668
          id: crl-13062
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: A Gathering of British Libraries
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 820
      flesch: 60
     summary: Sir Denys Lasdun and Partners, Stage I; Feilden and Mawson, Stage II. AcKNoWLEDGMENTS For this photographic visit to British university libraries we are indebted to numerous institutions and their librarians as listed below: University College, Cardiff: H. A. Cuffiin, deputy librarian; University of East Anglia, Norwich: W. L. Guttsman, librarian; University of Edinburgh: P. B. Freshwater, deputy librarian; University of Kent at Canterbury: G. S. Darlow, librarian; University of Lan­ caster: A. Davies, librarian; University of Leeds: D. Cox, librarian; University of Lei­ cester: Douglas G. F. Walker, librarian; University of Liverpool: V. E. Knight, university librarian; University of Nottingham: R. S. Smith, librarian; University of Reading: James Thompson, librarian; University of Stirling: P. G. Peacock, librarian; University of Sus­ sex: P. R. Lewis, librarian; University College of Swansea: D. M. Ellis, deputy librarian; and University of York: Harry Fairhurst, librarian.
    keywords: library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13062.pdf
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        item: #1907 of 5668
          id: crl-13065
      author: Drake, Miriam
       title: Attribution of Library Costs
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 3640
      flesch: 54
     summary: Student enrollment, number of courses offered, number of graduate students, and other variables that are related to library costs are not considered in this method. The National Center for Higher Education Manage- ment Systems ( NCHEMS) recommends that library costs be allocated according to compensation adjusted by faculty ac- tivity analysis.
    keywords: cost; faculty; library; university; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13065.pdf
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        item: #1908 of 5668
          id: crl-13067
      author: McGrath, William E.
       title: Publishers and Libraries: A Study of Scholarly Research Journals (Book Review)
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 2008
      flesch: 61
     summary: The research methodology was a survey of journal publishers and academic, public, and special libraries for 1969, 1971, and 1973. Every librarian is familiar with the eco- nomic trend of journal prices, and nearly everyone would like to know the ultimate effects of this trend.
    keywords: books; journals; libraries; publishers
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13067.pdf
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        item: #1909 of 5668
          id: crl-13068
      author: Schmidt, C. James
       title: National Information Policy (Book Review)
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 1304
      flesch: 57
     summary: Wright correctly states that the importance of private research libraries will loom more important as the strength of the university research libraries dwindles. This it has done with admirable clarity, arranging fifteen issues into five clusters: government information; informa- tion in commerce; interaction between tech- nology and government; international impli- cations; preparing for the information age.
    keywords: information; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13068.pdf
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        item: #1910 of 5668
          id: crl-13071
      author: Grosch, Audrey N.
       title: The Economics of Library Automation (Book Review)
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 1313
      flesch: 56
     summary: The fourteen services are: Nuclear Sci- ence Abstracts, GeoRef, Internatioruil Aero- space Abstracts, Mathematical Reviews, Psychological Abstracts, Meterological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts, Searchable Physics Information Notices, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Service, Engineering Index, INSPEC, Bibliography of Agricul- ture, Index Medicus, and Selected Water Resources Abstracts. This figure reflects journal overlap; the individual articles are not necessarily covered by more than one service.
    keywords: library; overlap; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13071.pdf
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        item: #1911 of 5668
          id: crl-13074
      author: Burr, Robert L.
       title: Methods of Analysis and Evaluation of Information Needs: A Critical Review (Book Review)
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 1474
      flesch: 57
     summary: The authors describe a variety of meth- ods and techniques to assist in the design of information systems which they call sys- tems research of the 2nd generation. 538 I College & Research Libraries • November 1977 Turning specifically to the design of in- formation systems, the authors posit that traditional concepts of systems analysis have been inadequate to the task because information problems tend to be Wicked Problems.
    keywords: information; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13074.pdf
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        item: #1912 of 5668
          id: crl-13075
      author: Swartzburg, Susan G.
       title: The Typology of the Early Codex (Book Review)
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 1777
      flesch: 56
     summary: Written by noted German librarians and educators, these essays provide a wealth of current information on such topics as pub- lic relations, research in library use, library instruction, professional image and educa- tion, electronic data processing develop- ments, automation of technical processes, audiovisual media, library building plan- ning, cost-effectiveness studies, manage- ment theory, personal leadership styles, and library statistics in German public and re- search libraries. College and Research Libraries 538 I College & Research Libraries • November 1977 Turning specifically to the design of in- formation systems, the authors posit that traditional concepts of systems analysis have been inadequate to the task because information problems tend to be Wicked Problems.
    keywords: information; librarianship; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13075.pdf
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        item: #1913 of 5668
          id: crl-13076
      author: Wiegand, Wayne A.
       title: The Oral Antecedents of Greek Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 681
      flesch: 57
     summary: Written by noted German librarians and educators, these essays provide a wealth of current information on such topics as pub- lic relations, research in library use, library instruction, professional image and educa- tion, electronic data processing develop- ments, automation of technical processes, audiovisual media, library building plan- ning, cost-effectiveness studies, manage- ment theory, personal leadership styles, and library statistics in German public and re- search libraries. In translation its title reads On the Theory and Practice of Modern Librar- ianship; and its three volumes treat social aspects, technological aspects, and adminis- trative aspects.
    keywords: librarianship; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13076.pdf
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        item: #1914 of 5668
          id: crl-13077
      author: Butler, Meredith A.
       title: Zur Theorie und Praxis des modernen Bibliothekswesens (Book Review)
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 2136
      flesch: 56
     summary: The policies selected for reprinting are in three categories: public library policies, academic library policies, and partial li- brary policies by category. The German handbook's essay on library instruction draws on American models; al- though it does little more than summarize current thinking in German libraries on this important topic, I found this straight- forward overview preferable to the article in the Encyclopedia, which is flawed with trendy social science jargon.
    keywords: german; handbook; library; policies
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13077.pdf
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        item: #1915 of 5668
          id: crl-13078
      author: Lanier, Don
       title: Library Acquisition Policies and Procedures (Book Review)
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 1699
      flesch: 60
     summary: The policies selected for reprinting are in three categories: public library policies, academic library policies, and partial li- brary policies by category. It is also intended as a help to those who may be in the process of developing acquisition policies.
    keywords: acquisition; library; policies
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13078.pdf
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        item: #1916 of 5668
          id: crl-13079
      author: Lang, Jovian
       title: Libraries in Post-Industrial Society (Book Review)
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 1439
      flesch: 55
     summary: · Part V, the last quarter of the book, treats explicitly information services as they are to affect librarianship now or in the near future. If one doubts the need for this new collection, it should be remembered that many libraries do not have acquisition policies.
    keywords: information; library; policies
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13079.pdf
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        item: #1917 of 5668
          id: crl-13080
      author: Salmon, Stephen R.
       title: An Introduction to Computer-Based Library Systems (Book Review)
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 1427
      flesch: 54
     summary: The essays raise a number of interesting issues: the contrast in purpose and point of view between subject bibliography, as con- ceived by the academic community, and li- brary cataloging (essay 1); the scholarly contribution of book reviews and distortion of their scientific function by evaluative perspectives imported from literary and art criticism (essay 4); ways in which conven- tional bibliographic styles and standards suppress scientifically valuable data about books (essay 7) ; the potential of biblio- graphic organization for shaping the char- acter of a field of study (essay 8) and for illuminating trends in a subject's develop- ment (essays 9, 10, 13). These editorials, some of which have been reprinted previously in journals, are here collected in book form under the editorship of two of the principal collab- orators on MHBRI.
    keywords: book; information; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13080.pdf
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        item: #1918 of 5668
          id: crl-13081
      author: Freides, Thelma
       title: The Emerging Field of Sociobibliography: The Collected Essays of Ilse Bry (Book Review)
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 872
      flesch: 54
     summary: The essays raise a number of interesting issues: the contrast in purpose and point of view between subject bibliography, as con- ceived by the academic community, and li- brary cataloging (essay 1); the scholarly contribution of book reviews and distortion of their scientific function by evaluative perspectives imported from literary and art criticism (essay 4); ways in which conven- tional bibliographic styles and standards suppress scientifically valuable data about books (essay 7) ; the potential of biblio- graphic organization for shaping the char- acter of a field of study (essay 8) and for illuminating trends in a subject's develop- ment (essays 9, 10, 13). These editorials, some of which have been reprinted previously in journals, are here collected in book form under the editorship of two of the principal collab- orators on MHBRI.
    keywords: bibliography; book
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13081.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13081.txt

        item: #1919 of 5668
          id: crl-13082
      author: Evans, Glyn T.
       title: National Inventory of Library Needs, 1975 (Book Review)
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 709
      flesch: 68
     summary: To concentrate on academic libraries: Did you know that a one-time expenditure of $1.5 billion would buy us all the books we are missing and that we would only also have to increase our annual expenditure by about a third, from $300 million to $400 million a year, and we could keep steady? Yet did you also know that, in total, collec- tions in academic libraries are 99 percent adequate but that two-year colleges are 50 percent adequate and public four-year col- leges are exactly 100 percent adequate; that private universities are 177 percent adequate, while public universities are only 111 percent adequate?
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13082.pdf
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        item: #1920 of 5668
          id: crl-13084
      author: Harris, Jessica L.
       title: The PRECIS Index System: Principles, Applications, and Prospects (Book Review)
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 1400
      flesch: 58
     summary: For these rea- sons, Approval Plans should be considered a significant and major contribution to the field.-Peter Spyers-Duran, Director of the University Library, California State Univer- sity, Long Beach. McCullough points to the fact that the survey was not concerned with acquisitions routines but focused instead on the function of approval plans in collection develop- ment.
    keywords: approval; library; precis
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13084.pdf
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        item: #1921 of 5668
          id: crl-13085
      author: McDonald, David R.
       title: Guide to Library Research in Public Administration (Book Review)
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 2592
      flesch: 74
     summary: 19.50 ROBERT E. KRIEGER Publishing Co., Inc. 645 r~ew York Ave., Huntington, N.Y. 117_43 552 I College & Research Libraries • November 1977 agist's Handbook, The Student ;political Scientist's Handbook, and The Student Economist's Handbook. Sansone , G.: ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS Vol.
    keywords: g. ed; orig; prep
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13085.pdf
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        item: #1922 of 5668
          id: crl-13086
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1977-11-01
       words: 2213
      flesch: 69
     summary: (Photocopy for $3 avail- able from Washington University Libraries, St. Louis, MO 63130.) Kurth, William H., and Zubatsky, David S. Recommended Procedures for the Internal Financial Auditing of University Libraries.
    keywords: guide; isbn; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13086.pdf
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        item: #1923 of 5668
          id: crl-13090
      author: Dougherty, Richard M.
       title: The Impact of Networking on Library Management
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 3200
      flesch: 49
     summary: The provision of library services through networks will impact the way li- braries are managed. It will become increasingly apparent that there are imbalances in the distribution of dollars among library activities.
    keywords: libraries; library; network; problems; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13090.pdf
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        item: #1924 of 5668
          id: crl-13091
      author: Musmann, Klaus
       title: Socio-Technical Theory and Job Design in Libraries
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 5528
      flesch: 50
     summary: In contrast to most other studies on library job descriptions, which are usually descriptions of general and rather vague duties, their task analysis is specific and spells out in detail the exact functions and duties of librarians, techni- cians, and clerical workers for various li- brary subsystems. The stability of our environment has to be determined before we can begin to design jobs in library organizations that are satisfac- tory not only to the individuals employed in libraries but also to the aims of the library itself.
    keywords: ibid; job; libraries; library; organization; work
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        item: #1925 of 5668
          id: crl-13092
      author: Wingate, Henry W.
       title: The Undergraduate Library: Is It Obsolete?
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 2682
      flesch: 54
     summary: University of New Mexico (1962-65) University of Oklahoma (1951-75) University of Pennsylvania (1962-66) University of Pittsburgh (1969-74) Southern Methodist University (1965-71) State University of New York at Albany (1964-70) Syracuse University (1970-71) However, the 1960s were boom years for undergraduate libraries, and by 1972 there were forty-nine collections in· the country.
    keywords: library; undergraduate; university
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        item: #1926 of 5668
          id: crl-13093
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1976-77
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 8148
      flesch: 61
     summary: Code numbers (such as AA297, BD202) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Refer- ence Books. Eugene P. Sheehy, Guide to Reference Books (9th ed.; Chicago: American Library Assn., 1976). 34/ contents.
    keywords: american; bibliography; books; edition; guide; history; index; isbn; new; research; subject; volume; work
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        item: #1927 of 5668
          id: crl-13094
      author: Gambee, Budd L.
       title: A History of European Printing (Book Review)
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 1256
      flesch: 72
     summary: Ninety-one black- and-white figures, mostly in-text, a few full-page, are scattered through the book. 69 Comparative & International Library Science , reviewed by Miles M. Jackson .
    keywords: book; history; printing
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        item: #1928 of 5668
          id: crl-13095
      author: Moore, J. R.
       title: Classification in the 1970s: A Second Look (Book Review)
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 1431
      flesch: 60
     summary: The ~leventh, Automatic Classification by Karen Sparck Jones, is new and is nontechnical review of the main lines of work on automatic in- formation classification to date and the prospects for automatic classification, par- ticularly in the large, on-line retrieval sys- tems of the future. This is a most worthwhile collection of papers on the current state and prospective developments in classification, both theory and practice, by recognized authorities in Recent Publications I 53 the field.
    keywords: classification; history; new
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        item: #1929 of 5668
          id: crl-13097
      author: Welsh, Harry E.
       title: Collections of Official Publications in Canada (Book Review)
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 1396
      flesch: 51
     summary: The study's purpose is to reduce the dangers of arbitrary cuts and restrictions on the operation of academic libraries and to foster their continued health. The report itself is, of course, the most important segment and contributes to our knowledge not only of official pub.lications in Canadian libraries but of documents gener- ally.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #1930 of 5668
          id: crl-13099
      author: Ash, Lee
       title: Resources of South Carolina Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 664
      flesch: 51
     summary: Cogent suggestions accompany the stimulating analyses and reviews of each type of library, with the most urgent needs for development seeming to be in the health sciences and public libraries. Two aspects of this survey are of particu- lar interest: the surveyors' acknowledgment of the wide use of public library resources by college students (with good ·supporting data) and the division and integration of the surveyors' responsibilities.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #1931 of 5668
          id: crl-13100
      author: Hewitt, Joe A.
       title: The Measurment and Evaluation of Library Services (Book Review); Evaluation and Scientific Management of Libraries and Information Centres (Book Review)
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 2402
      flesch: 59
     summary: It is not, however, written at an elementary or superficial level and will perhaps find its greatest usefulness as a standard reference for researchers and for practicing librarians who take an objective, evaluative approach to library services and programs. The evaluation of library services in terms of performance measures derived from explicit objectives is still an emerging disci- pline.
    keywords: evaluation; information; libraries; library
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        item: #1932 of 5668
          id: crl-13101
      author: Laird, W. David
       title: Public Knowledge, Private Ignorance: Toward a Library and Information Policy (Book Review)
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 1432
      flesch: 59
     summary: These are based on an overall estimate of 10 percent of total student learning time during which the stu- dent is under the stimulus of learning re- sources (p.54) for television production services, photography production services, graphic services, programmed instruction, television presentation services, self- instructional units, projection, audio, and film rental services, instructional develop- ment service, and internal planning and administration. There is no conve- nient way to simplify his arguments, but the reader will see that Wilson makes an almost invincible case for information experts.
    keywords: information; public
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        item: #1933 of 5668
          id: crl-13102
      author: Thomson, Sarah Katharine
       title: Criteria for Planning the College and University Learning Resources Center; College Learning Resources Programs: A Book of Readings (Book Review)
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 1188
      flesch: 50
     summary: These are based on an overall estimate of 10 percent of total student learning time during which the stu- dent is under the stimulus of learning re- sources (p.54) for television production services, photography production services, graphic services, programmed instruction, television presentation services, self- instructional units, projection, audio, and film rental services, instructional develop- ment service, and internal planning and administration. The tables give recommended full-time- equivalent staff and assignable square feet of space for four levels of enrollment and four levels of scope or range of activities offered within each type of service.
    keywords: college; learning; resources
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        item: #1934 of 5668
          id: crl-13103
      author: Flanagan, Cathleen
       title: Educational Technology: Definition and Glossary of Terms (Book Review)
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 1966
      flesch: 55
     summary: On pages 2-4 of the definition statement; the authors are at pains to explain that edu- cational technology and instructional technology are not the same thing; on page 163 of the glossary, however, the domain of educational technology is defined as a model which shows the elements and inter- relationships of instructional technology, and on the following page exactly the same definition is given for the model of the do- main of instructional technology. Catalogs of the libraries may be noted under technical services , publications, or academic libraries.
    keywords: glossary; libraries; library; technology
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        item: #1935 of 5668
          id: crl-13106
      author: Bruntjen, Scott
       title: First Printings of American Authors: Contributions Toward Descriptiev Checklists (Book Review)
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 1324
      flesch: 63
     summary: Richard H. Dewey then pre- sents a report on library instruction in academic libraries of the Middle East and describes his experiences teaching students at Sir George Williams University, Montreal, and the American University, Cairo, including special instructional mate- rial he developed as an appendix. Useful to academic libraries is her description of the divided search for public funds-academic libraries seeking bibliographical control, public libraries seeking mass education.
    keywords: libraries; library; university
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        item: #1936 of 5668
          id: crl-13107
      author: Madden, Henry Miller
       title: Libraries and the Life of the Mind in America (Book Review)
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 1395
      flesch: 64
     summary: Useful to academic libraries is her description of the divided search for public funds-academic libraries seeking bibliographical control, public libraries seeking mass education. Joseph C. Rowell, librar- ian of the University of California in 1905, in lamenting the inadequate support of academic libraries in comparison to the riches of public libraries, is quoted from Li- brary Journal: Enviously I have been the public librarian, with a city's treasury at his back, wasting his substance in trumpery novels by the thousand.
    keywords: american; libraries; library
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        item: #1937 of 5668
          id: crl-13108
      author: Bentz, Dale M.
       title: Ideas and the University Library: Essays of an Unorthodox Academic Librarian (Book Review)
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 1440
      flesch: 58
     summary: Joseph C. Rowell, librar- ian of the University of California in 1905, in lamenting the inadequate support of academic libraries in comparison to the riches of public libraries, is quoted from Li- brary Journal: Enviously I have been the public librarian, with a city's treasury at his back, wasting his substance in trumpery novels by the thousand. This subject is sufficiently broad to permit Boorstin to begin by de- scribing the limbo in which public libraries now find themselves as contrasted to their vigor a century ago, when they were guided by three founding principles -self-help, autonomy of the individual, and community.
    keywords: librarian; libraries; library
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        item: #1938 of 5668
          id: crl-13109
      author: George, Mary W.
       title: The Generic Book: What It Is and How It Works (Book Review)
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 707
      flesch: 58
     summary: The volume is attractively pro- duced by Greenwood Press as number twenty in its series on Contributions in Li- brarianship and Information Science.-Dale M. Bentz, University Librarian, University of Iowa, Iowa City. In short, The Generic Book is a bore with a point.-Mary W. George, University of Michigan Library, Ann Arbor.
    keywords: library
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        item: #1939 of 5668
          id: crl-13110
      author: Heinritz, Fred J.
       title: Recommended Procedures for the Internal Financial Auditing of University Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 1385
      flesch: 56
     summary: It is in essence a systematic way of calling attention to a priority list of items on which university library auditing should focus. Included are such topics ·as a brief history of a scholarly li- brary, his personal views on library mechanization, intellectual freedom, censor- ship, the history and influence of library as- sociations, his reaction to library statistics, and ~9me thoughts on academic librari- anship.
    keywords: information; library; university
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        item: #1940 of 5668
          id: crl-13112
      author: Jackson, Miles M.
       title: Comparative & International Library Science (Book Review)
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 653
      flesch: 44
     summary: Frank L. Schiek' s years of experience with library statistics makes his brief paper on problems in comparative library science a solid con- tribution. Including D. J. Foskett's analysis of comparative studies in other fields is an excellent idea and helps to draw parallels between theoretical problems in comparative studies in such fields as educa- tion, history, and linguistics.
    keywords: international
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        item: #1941 of 5668
          id: crl-13113
      author: Jackson, William Vernon
       title: Librarianship and the Third World: An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Literature on Developing Nations, 1960-1975 (Book Review)
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 1356
      flesch: 49
     summary: Frank L. Schiek' s years of experience with library statistics makes his brief paper on problems in comparative library science a solid con- tribution. There are relatively few citations to such elusive items as reports submitted by ex- perts and consultants at the conclusion of missions in Third World countries.
    keywords: comparative; international; library
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        item: #1942 of 5668
          id: crl-13115
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1978-01-01
       words: 5139
      flesch: 63
     summary: Statistical data, survey and test instruments, definitions, biblio- graphical aids in collection development, and an outline of quantitative standards suggested for college library collections are included iu the ap- pendixes. American Library Association, owner; Richard D .
    keywords: guide; information; isbn; libraries; library; new; reference; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13115.pdf
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        item: #1943 of 5668
          id: crl-13116
      author: Moran, Michael
       title: The Concept of Adequacy in University Libraries
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 6445
      flesch: 66
     summary: No easily applicable Adequacy in University Libraries I 89 criteria have peen developed, however, for measuring quality in library collections. Nevertheless , we are confronted with many attempts to specify library adequacy.
    keywords: adequacy; collection; library; quality; university
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        item: #1944 of 5668
          id: crl-13118
      author: Bolgiano, Christina E.; King, Mary Kathryn
       title: Profiling a Periodicals Collection
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 3610
      flesch: 57
     summary: titles supportive of the de- partment's program but primarily assigned \ Profiling a Periodicals Collection I 101 Number of periodical titles currently received on subscription 1,875 No. of titles with more than 2-year back files No. of titles with more than 5-year back files 480 1,280 No. of titles with complete back files 437 Cost of current subscriptions on annual basis Number of currently received titles not $81,480.30 indexed by any subscription service ( 448 Number of currently received titles indexed by at least one 1,427 Number indexed by 3 or more subscription services 883 Percent held of titles listed in the following: Farber - Classified List of Periodicals for the College Library 62 % Katz - Magazines for Libraries 20 % Readers' Guide 78 % Humanities Index 72.5% Social Sciences Index 64.3% Applied Science & Technology Index 17.8% Biological & Agricultural Index 34.7% Chemical Abstracts - 100 Most Cited Journals Education Index 53 % 79 % Business Periodicals Index 49.6% Fig. As we pro- gressed in this endeavor, we found that we were actually identifying two sides of the same coin: not only were we tallying the number of titles in our current collection covered by specific abstracts or indexes, but we were also discovering the specific abstract/index in which each title could be found.
    keywords: collection; library; periodicals; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13118.pdf
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        item: #1945 of 5668
          id: crl-13119
      author: Kriz, Harry M.
       title: Subscriptions vs. Books in a Constant Dollar Budget
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 2954
      flesch: 59
     summary: As a result of the cancellation of subscriptions, the library was able to con- tinue spending about $20,000 annually on engineering books. 14 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Use of engineering library materials was measured by analysis of references in mas- ter's theses accepted by the WVU College of Engineering during the four years 1971- 74.
    keywords: engineering; library; subscriptions
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        item: #1946 of 5668
          id: crl-13121
      author: Kathman, Michael D.; Kathman, Jane M.
       title: Management Problems of Student Workers in Academic Libraries
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 3071
      flesch: 53
     summary: Moreover, as a result of their peer relationships with student library patrons, the student assist- ants in public areas are often asked ques- tions. It reviews relevant literature in library sci- ence and in management theory, with special emphasis placed on an under- standing of what motivates student workers and on the valuable contribu- tion they may make in the academic library.
    keywords: libraries; library; student; workers
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        item: #1947 of 5668
          id: crl-13122
      author: Dennison, Lynn C.
       title: The Organization of Library and Media Services in Community Colleges
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 3646
      flesch: 53
     summary: A scale developed by Marl Ellen Lever- eilce and revised by Doris Cruger Dale10 was used to rate the information on learning resources services that was provided in the 1975-76 college catalog of each of the twenty institutions visited for this study: for each institution, one point was assigned if the learning resources program is listed in TABLE 4 COMPARISON OF TABLES 1, 2, AND 3 Number of Rank on Rank on Rank on Insti- Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 tutions Other measures used to evaluate learning resources services included the use of statis- tics, a comparison with the Guidelines, and self-studies conducted in conjunction with accreditation visits.
    keywords: institutions; learning; materials; resources
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13122.pdf
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        item: #1948 of 5668
          id: crl-13123
      author: Smith, Jessie Carney
       title: Opportunities for Minorities in Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 1928
      flesch: 64
     summary: The work should still serve its pur- pose well and indeed should .go a long way toward encouraging minority groups to enter the profession and to stimulate the na- tion to commit itself to ensure equality of education and job opportunities for all minorities and to honor that commitment. I 135 136 I College & Research Libraries • March 1978 Josey and Peeples argue that, in recent years, minority librarians have considered and/or utilized new strategies and ap- proaches to recruit their members into li- brarianship and regard this small volume as a tool for achieving this end.
    keywords: librarians; library; minority
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        item: #1949 of 5668
          id: crl-13124
      author: Dollard, Peter
       title: Personnel Development in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 683
      flesch: 60
     summary: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Symposium Sponsored by the Alumni and the Faculty of the Rutgers University Graduate School of Library Service. ISBN 0-8135-0843-6. (Distributed by Rutgers University Press.)
    keywords: library
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        item: #1950 of 5668
          id: crl-13125
      author: Talbot, Richard J.
       title: On-Line Resource Sharing: A Comparison of BALLOTS and OCLC (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 1405
      flesch: 61
     summary: However, this particular volume lends little to the dialogue.-Peter Dollard, Alma College Library, Alma, Michigan. $5. (Available from California Library Author- 138 I College & Research Libraries • March 1978
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #1951 of 5668
          id: crl-13126
      author: White, Herbert S
       title: User Studies: An Introductory Guide and Select Bibliography (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 1439
      flesch: 59
     summary: It is not claimed as an exhaustive bibliography but rather a guide to the litera- ture that the project team considered useful in defining the scope of user studies, in suggesting hypotheses about the behavior of information consumers, in illustrating tech- niques of study, and in presenting findings about information consumers. While the tabular data in this stencil- reproduced report are largely drawn from other publications and the reports on re- search already conducted are rather per- functory, this document is nevertheless use- ful in bringing together in one publication references to the growing body of literature on library use studies and user behavior in- vestigations.
    keywords: book; research
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        item: #1952 of 5668
          id: crl-13127
      author: Brodman, Estelle
       title: Managing the Flow of Technology: Technology Transfer and the Dissemination of Technological Information Within the R&D Organization (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 1392
      flesch: 53
     summary: In addition, early project work in- cluded feasibility studies on the usefulness of centrally produced bibliographic records; the definition of standards for local record variations, cataloging practices, filing rules, Birmingham: BLCMP, University Library, 1976 176p.
    keywords: research; work
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        item: #1953 of 5668
          id: crl-13129
      author: Edelman, Hendrik
       title: Bibliotheek en documentatie (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 1399
      flesch: 54
     summary: However, the sections dealing with the im- pact of the computer system on the indi- vidual libraries and the reason decisions were made as they were, plus the detailed description of the cost analysis meth- odology, could be useful for libraries con- templating automation today.-Eleanor Montague, University Librarian, University of California, Riverside. After a discussion of types of libraries, li- brary education, physical planning, shelv- ing, and preservation, there is a chapter on collection development.
    keywords: libraries; library; line
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        item: #1954 of 5668
          id: crl-13131
      author: Moore, Everett T.
       title: Japanese and U.S. Research Libraries at the Turning Point (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 1680
      flesch: 52
     summary: It concentrated, there- fore, on the theme of library cooperation and on ways to utilize new technologies to further it. For many participants, both Japan~se and American, it had highlighted the differences in the organization of academic libraries in the two countries.
    keywords: cutter; libraries; library
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        item: #1955 of 5668
          id: crl-13132
      author: Tuttle, Helen W.
       title: Charles Ammi Cutter: Library Systematizer (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 1457
      flesch: 62
     summary: Part I of Charles Ammi Cutter: Cutter, Charles Ammi.
    keywords: cutter; library
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        item: #1956 of 5668
          id: crl-13133
      author: Menegaux, Edmond A.
       title: Computer-based Ciculation Systems-A Current Review and Evaltuation; Automated Library Circulation Systems, 1977-78 (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 1424
      flesch: 61
     summary: (Order from Reference Service Press, 9023 Alcott St., Suite 201 , Los Angeles, CA 90035.) McKee, Kathleen Burke. A reference tool for women 's materials filling most of these gaps is Women's Studies: A Guide to Reference Sources, by Kathleen Burke McKee .
    keywords: library; reference
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        item: #1957 of 5668
          id: crl-13134
      author: Bergman, Sherrie S.
       title: Minorities and Women; Women's Studies (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 1414
      flesch: 58
     summary: Schlachter and Belli provide in-depth, current reference sources for sev- eral minorities together in one convenient volume. In contrast, McKee's bibliogra- phy also is intended to be an introduction to reference sources from more traditional dis- ciplines that are useful in women' s studies research.
    keywords: reference; sources; women
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        item: #1958 of 5668
          id: crl-13135
      author: Stevens, Charles H.
       title: Essays of an information Scientist (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 1742
      flesch: 55
     summary: Librarians, particularly post-master's stu- dents of library science, information scien- tists, and historians of science, will find in Garfield's two volumes a mine of primary importance. A complete, overview of the profession of librarianship, this book emphasizes major objectives, services, and trends of libraries; and introduces readers to the attitudes and principles of librarianship as a career.
    keywords: garfield; libraries; library
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        item: #1959 of 5668
          id: crl-13138
      author: Maag, Albert F.
       title: Library Budgeting: Critical Challenges for the Future (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 1559
      flesch: 54
     summary: i I 1 of us are acutely aware of the escalating cost of delivering library services and of the sta- tic and declining budgets of libraries; likewise, we are aware of the many man- agement techniques that can be used to realign libraries' objectives and activities and to rationalize the budget process. Briefly, these principles are: li- braries are created by society; libraries are conserved by society; libraries are for the storage and dissemination of knowledge; li- braries are centers of power; libraries are for all; libraries must grow; a national library should contain all national literature, with some representation of other national litera- tures; every fiook is of use; a librarian must be a person of education; a librarian is an educator; a librarian's role can only be an important one if it is fully integrated into the prevailing social and political system; a librarian needs training and/or apprentice- ship; it is a librarian's duty to increase the stock of his or her library; a library must be arranged in some kind of order, and a list of its contents provided; since libraries are -- Recent Publications I 151 storehouses of knowledge, they should be arranged according to subject; practical con- venience should dictate how subjects are to be grouped in a library; and a library must have a subject catalog.
    keywords: librarian; libraries; library
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        item: #1960 of 5668
          id: crl-13139
      author: Morrison, Perry D.
       title: An Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods for Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 1420
      flesch: 51
     summary: College and Research Libraries of us are acutely aware of the escalating cost of delivering library services and of the sta- tic and declining budgets of libraries; likewise, we are aware of the many man- agement techniques that can be used to realign libraries' objectives and activities and to rationalize the budget process. Another contributor's suggestion that the business profit making model be applied to libraries to the extent that underutilized Recent Publications I 153 programs be dropped in favor of increasing support for highly used ones, that under- utilized services be sold, that library users be charged a fee, and his advice that librar- ies become the source and managers of all knowledge, information and data bases in the country (p.54) manifest an embarras- singly naive understanding of libraries and the knowledge industry.
    keywords: libraries; library; text
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        item: #1961 of 5668
          id: crl-13140
      author: Boaz, Martha
       title: An Intellectual Freedom Primer (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 1425
      flesch: 58
     summary: Stephen Harter's discussion of the preservation of the privacy of the individual citizen in a world of automated data systems is a co- gent, well-written, and important chapter. The largest cluster of reprints was published in the 1950s (four- teen articles).
    keywords: authors; editor; text
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        item: #1962 of 5668
          id: crl-13141
      author: Nitecki, Joseph Z.
       title: Studies in Micropublishing, 1853-1976 (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 1429
      flesch: 60
     summary: The collection is an important contribu- tion to library literature, and it comes to us from a truly authoritative guru in the mi- cro world . To accommodate the for- mat, of course, reductions are inevitable for many books, but the legends include origi- nal measurements.
    keywords: library; micropublishing
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        item: #1963 of 5668
          id: crl-13142
      author: Winger, Howard W.
       title: The Printed Book in America (Book Review)
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 1866
      flesch: 71
     summary: Academic libraries in England have fallen on hard times indeed : Norman Roberts, writing in the November 1977 C& RL, touched upon some of the dire fiscal realities now facing English college and uni- versity libraries and enumerated several steps they are taking to curtail spending; the controversial Atkinson Report (reviewed in the July 1977 C&RL) , recommended a self-renewing library of limited size (a Ia Daniel Gore) as the government-imposed model for future academic library develop- ment. To accommodate the for- mat, of course, reductions are inevitable for many books, but the legends include origi- nal measurements.
    keywords: book; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13142.pdf
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        item: #1964 of 5668
          id: crl-13145
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians; Abstracts
        date: 1978-03-01
       words: 6290
      flesch: 60
     summary: To test the effect of library instruction on learn- ing basic knowledge and skills in using reference tools, thirty-three Ball State University students received such instruction in a course on informa- tion resources in libraries. Statistical analyses of mean test scores confirmed the hypothesis that students who have taken a course in library instruction will learn to use library reference tools more effectively than those who have not.
    keywords: data; information; instruction; isbn; libraries; library; research; students; university; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13145.pdf
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        item: #1965 of 5668
          id: crl-13147
      author: Major, Jean A.
       title: The Visually Impaired Reader in the Academic Library
        date: 1978-05-01
       words: 3475
      flesch: 63
     summary: Basic services include: files of information concerning library services that are available to visually impaired readers from state and federal agencies; catalogs of books in alter- . Nonetheless, the Standards do provide some guides to academic library service.
    keywords: blind; library; services; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13147.pdf
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        item: #1966 of 5668
          id: crl-13148
      author: Sewell, Robert G.
       title: Old and Rare Japanese Books in U.S. Collections
        date: 1978-05-01
       words: 5005
      flesch: 54
     summary: Because each institution has established its own patterns of organization and criteria for rarity and special status, it is impossible, and probably unnecessary, to obtain agreement on universal and standard criteria for Japanese rare books. Perhaps the most important bibliography of Japanese rare books in the United States is now being corvpiled by Andrew Kuroda of the Orientalia Division of the Library of Congress.
    keywords: books; collection; japanese; library; rare; works
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13148.pdf
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        item: #1967 of 5668
          id: crl-13151
      author: Smith, Jessie Cottman
       title: Handbook of Black Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1978-05-01
       words: 1205
      flesch: 62
     summary: Statistics on black libraries and librarians may be limited due to scope of and re- sponse from various surveys. Section 5, Significant Books and Peri- odicals For Black Collections, is a conven- ient, well-organized section that is in no way comprehensive; however, it can be of inestimable value for librarians attempting to build a core collection and to those in- terested in brief biographical sketches of black librarians as creative writers.
    keywords: black; libraries; library
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        item: #1968 of 5668
          id: crl-13154
      author: Asher, Catherine G.
       title: Preservation of Paper and Textiles of Historic and Artistic Value (Book Review)
        date: 1978-05-01
       words: 1399
      flesch: 54
     summary: Beyond this introduc- tion, the librarian can make use of detailed reports dealing with five basic topics: the deacidification of paper, the salvage of water-damaged library materials, the man- ufacturing of permanent paper, the causes of paper deterioration, and the establishing of paper testing methods. In the study of the causes of paper deterioration and the means to pre- dict paper stability, one conclusion is outstanding-the paper in books must be preserved rather than rescued.
    keywords: library; paper; university
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        item: #1969 of 5668
          id: crl-13155
      author: Miller, Ron
       title: On-Line Library and Network Systems (Book Review)
        date: 1978-05-01
       words: 1408
      flesch: 51
     summary: Of the former, G. Pflug's overview of li- brary automation painted the broadest can- vas ; R. H. Klar dealt with the basic compo- nents of library systems analysis, emphasiz- ing the relationships among library services and housekeeping functions; C . Maryalls Strom, in her Library Services to the Blind and Physically Handicapped, has brought together some twenty-eight ar- ticles covering the time span from 1963 to 1976 on the subject of library service to the handicapped-a topic that has become in- creasingly popular since the signing of the regulations for the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 last year.
    keywords: handicapped; library; special
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        item: #1970 of 5668
          id: crl-13156
      author: Whalen, Lucille
       title: Library Services to the Blind and Physically Handicapped (Book Review)
        date: 1978-05-01
       words: 1410
      flesch: 55
     summary: Maryalls Strom, in her Library Services to the Blind and Physically Handicapped, has brought together some twenty-eight ar- ticles covering the time span from 1963 to 1976 on the subject of library service to the handicapped-a topic that has become in- creasingly popular since the signing of the regulations for the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 last year. For others, however, the book is one to be skimmed, since only a few articles are relevant to academic libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13156.pdf
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        item: #1971 of 5668
          id: crl-13157
      author: Bridegam, Willis; Rouse, Roscoe
       title: Library Resource Sharing (Book Review); Louis Round Wilson Centennial Day (Book Review)
        date: 1978-05-01
       words: 692
      flesch: 56
     summary: Chapel Hill, N.C.: University Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1977. 65p. Li- brary Education in the Southeast Since World War II and University Libraries and Change.
    keywords: library
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        item: #1972 of 5668
          id: crl-13159
      author: Schell, Hal B.
       title: Planning and Design of Library Buildings (Book Review)
        date: 1978-05-01
       words: 1409
      flesch: 57
     summary: Manpower Requirements of Public Li- braries by Kevin Graves concentrates on the use of staffing studies for both internal library use and broader forecasting with il- lustrations drawn from the study he recently conducted on the staffing of public libraries in Great Britain. This second edition states in its preface that the great change which has taken place in the last few years in the financial environment in which library buildings are conceived has inevitably had an influence on their planning.
    keywords: edition; libraries; library
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        item: #1973 of 5668
          id: crl-13160
      author: Binder, Michael B.
       title: Studies in Library Management (Book Review)
        date: 1978-05-01
       words: 1402
      flesch: 54
     summary: How- ever, those library managers and advanced students of library management who take the time to prod through this volume care- fully will find food for thought and reflective action. Manpower Requirements of Public Li- braries by Kevin Graves concentrates on the use of staffing studies for both internal library use and broader forecasting with il- lustrations drawn from the study he recently conducted on the staffing of public libraries in Great Britain.
    keywords: headings; library; management
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        item: #1974 of 5668
          id: crl-13161
      author: Chan, Lois M.
       title: On Equal Terms: A Thesaurus for Nonsexist Indexing and Cataloging (Book Review)
        date: 1978-05-01
       words: 1390
      flesch: 54
     summary: Three categories of terms are included: (1) additions to Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) to cover areas of women's concerns that are not presently covered; (2) revisions of biased LCSH terms ; and (3) LCSH headings that have been include.d merely to expand the reference structure or to add subdivisions (p.12). Offensive or controversial terms , such as Infanticide and Female offenders, are not only replaced by other terms but also dropped as referred-from references.
    keywords: headings; terms
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        item: #1975 of 5668
          id: crl-13163
      author: Maier, Kurt S.
       title: Special Collections in German Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1978-05-01
       words: 677
      flesch: 69
     summary: Gebhardt has not slighted the German researcher looking for foreign collections. Following the destruction and dislocation of libraries during World War II, the need for a catalog to the special collections in East and West Germany has become im- perative.
    keywords: collections; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13163.pdf
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        item: #1976 of 5668
          id: crl-13164
      author: Hoffman, Alice M.
       title: Oral History from Tape to Type (Book Review); Transcribing and Editing Oral History (Book Review)
        date: 1978-05-01
       words: 1774
      flesch: 65
     summary: Oral History from Tape to Type. Baum, Willa K. Transcribing and Editing Oral History.
    keywords: history; libraries; library; oral
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13164.pdf
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        item: #1977 of 5668
          id: crl-13165
      author: Rosenthal, Joseph A.
       title: Prospects for Change in Bibliographic Control (Book Review)
        date: 1978-05-01
       words: 1144
      flesch: 50
     summary: capacity to develop a national strategy for bibliographic control. Henriette A vram, before finishing with a remarkably pithy summary of the confer- ence, reviews developments (mostly post- 1960) in production and dissemination of bibliographic data, with a view toward a multifaceted bibliographic network.
    keywords: bibliographic; control; library
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        item: #1978 of 5668
          id: crl-13166
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1978-05-01
       words: 716
      flesch: 61
     summary: College and Research Libraries Letters Quasi-Departmental Libraries To the Editor: Experience from the Royal University Li- brary, Oslo, Faculty of the Social Sciences Division confirms Elrod's observations (let- ter regarding quasi-departmental library, C&RL, September 1977) on the article by Genaway and Stanford (C&RL, May 1977). In Oslo the attractions have been great enough that institutes are willing to pay for two library collections.-Nancy E. Frank, Leader, Cataloging Section, Faculty of the Social Sciences Division , Royal University Library, Oslo.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13166.pdf
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        item: #1979 of 5668
          id: crl-13167
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1978-05-01
       words: 5527
      flesch: 65
     summary: Current methods for library instruction in academic libraries include audiovisual materials, programmed learning, self-paced workbooks, and course-related instruction. It is hoped that the directory will facilitate communication among libraries with instructional programs, assist other libraries in developing such programs, and aid librarians in their research for such projects.
    keywords: guide; information; isbn; libraries; library; new; university; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13167.pdf
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        item: #1980 of 5668
          id: crl-13170
      author: Moran, Robert F.
       title: Library Cooperation and Change
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 4821
      flesch: 49
     summary: and research, a liter- ature of organizational development has been created, and a group of professionals whose purpose is the assistance and guid- ance of organizational change now exists. A formal organizational develop- ment program and the involvement of indi- viduals from all levels of the library and of library users in the creation of cooperative programs will facilitate necessary change.
    keywords: behavior; change; cooperation; libraries; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13170.pdf
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        item: #1981 of 5668
          id: crl-13171
      author: Cogswell, James A.
       title: On-Line Search Services: Implications for Libraries and Library Users
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 3904
      flesch: 54
     summary: But while user charges may be a neces- sary complement to on-line search services, it should be recognized that their imposition may cause patrons, with heightened expec- tations toward efficient information re- trieval, to feel justified in demanding im- provements in related library services. This approach, which is the preferred method of rendering search services at Penn (and at most other academic libraries), 6 permits the personal, one-to-one exchange between re- questor and reference professional, which maximizes the interactive capabilities of on- line searching.
    keywords: costs; libraries; line; search; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13171.pdf
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        item: #1982 of 5668
          id: crl-13172
      author: McClellan, William M.
       title: Judging Music Libraries
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 3420
      flesch: 57
     summary: THE ASSESSMENT OF music libraries at institutions of higher education occurs at a time of uncertainty. Roose-Anderson Study A stronger relation appears between the 284 I College & Research Libraries • july 1978 reputations of music libraries and the ratings of graduate music programs, as indi- cated by answers to two of the questions asked by the Roose-Anderson study.
    keywords: institutions; libraries; music
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        item: #1983 of 5668
          id: crl-13173
      author: Johnson, Carol A.; Trueswell, Richard W.
       title: The Weighted Criteria Statistic Score: An Approach to Journal Selection
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 3598
      flesch: 62
     summary: The weighted criteria statistic score provides a decision-making approach that is reliable and widely appli- cable for identifying, evaluating, and utilizing journal selection criteria. There is one thread of information that continues to exist in the literature and re- search regarding the importance and use of journal titles.
    keywords: criteria; journal; library; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13173.pdf
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        item: #1984 of 5668
          id: crl-13174
      author: Regazzi, John J.; Hersberger, Rodney M.
       title: Queues and Reference Service: Some Implications for Staffing
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 3756
      flesch: 60
     summary: Using the same single-channel/single- stage service model and the same arrival patterns, a simulation was done substituting nonpeak period service times for the peak period times. The data necessary to develop a simulation model were obtained by sampling patron arrival time and service time during peak periods for several weeks.
    keywords: minutes; reference; service; time
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13174.pdf
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        item: #1985 of 5668
          id: crl-13175
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1977-78
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 7565
      flesch: 59
     summary: For libraries, for example, in addition to name, address, and telephone, the other items given are: names of chief librarian and serials librarian, size of book collection, number of serials, staff size, budget, and special subjects. Cross- references appear, but not as frequently as necessary in a work without an index; nor is there a classified listing of article titles.
    keywords: american; bibliography; book; entries; guide; index; information; isbn; libraries; list; new; political
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13175.pdf
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        item: #1986 of 5668
          id: crl-13177
      author: Atkinson, Hugh C.
       title: Academic Libraries by the Year 2000: Essays Honoring Jerrold Orne (Book Review)
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 1416
      flesch: 60
     summary: Would that the creativity and consid- erable learning demonstrated by the authors be applied to the very basic and human problems that are the most serious in academic libraries. There is a smattering of other articles on such topics as women in academic libraries, bibliographic standards, collection develop- ment, and instructional technology that show a workmanlike approach to the prob- lems but suffer that common failure of arti- cles in festchriften-they are a little too contrived and a little too lackluster.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13177.pdf
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        item: #1987 of 5668
          id: crl-13179
      author: Jordan, Casper LeRoy
       title: Black Academic Libraries and Research Collections: An Historical Survey (Book Review)
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 1442
      flesch: 60
     summary: Smith's work seems to carry forth previ- ous studies that agreed that in the history of black higher education libraries have consis- tently remained below minimum standards. Jessie Carney Smith's work can proudly take its place among the enduring pieces of library history.
    keywords: black; libraries; press
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13179.pdf
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        item: #1988 of 5668
          id: crl-13180
      author: Kaser, David
       title: The Oxford University Press and the Spread of Learning, 1478-1978 (Book Review)
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 1447
      flesch: 66
     summary: Six of the subjects, including the first five, devoted relatively limited portions of their careers to library work. Jessie Carney Smith's work can proudly take its place among the enduring pieces of library history.
    keywords: libraries; library; press
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13180.pdf
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        item: #1989 of 5668
          id: crl-13181
      author: Osborn, Jeanne
       title: Librarians of Congress, 1802-1974 (Book Review)
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 1459
      flesch: 65
     summary: The literature of book design is surprisingly lacking in such exact descriptions of book styles in any period. The exact constituents of the Arts and Crafts style show clearly which American books belong to it and which do not.
    keywords: american; book; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13181.pdf
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        item: #1990 of 5668
          id: crl-13182
      author: Harmsen, Tyrus G.
       title: American Book Design and William Morris (Book Review)
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 1306
      flesch: 71
     summary: The literature of book design is surprisingly lacking in such exact descriptions of book styles in any period. The exact constituents of the Arts and Crafts style show clearly which American books belong to it and which do not.
    keywords: book; morris; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13182.pdf
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        item: #1991 of 5668
          id: crl-13183
      author: Kuhner, David
       title: Scientific and Technical Information Sources (Book Review)
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 1217
      flesch: 70
     summary: Best Buys In Print complements Books In Print, providing access to quality books at discount prices . The author teaches the history of books and printing in the School of Library Ser- vice, Columbia University.-Tyrus G. Harmsen , Occidental College, Los Angeles, California.
    keywords: library; science
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13183.pdf
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        item: #1992 of 5668
          id: crl-13186
      author: O'Keeffe, Richard B.
       title: The Subject Approach to Information (Book Review)
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 1332
      flesch: 59
     summary: Composed of twenty short chapters, A Candid Critique begins, logically, with a definition of book publishing and goes on to a discussion of its sirenic attractions with Benjamin's sharp condemnation for the in- dustry's willingness to use a perennial over- supply of job seekers as an excuse for a low pay scale and a tolerance of the inefficiency created by high personnel turnover. Ostensibly written for book publishers, A Candid Critique of Book Publishing should have a much wider readership.-Mary E. Thatcher, University of Connecticut, Storrs.
    keywords: book; publishing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13186.pdf
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        item: #1993 of 5668
          id: crl-13187
      author: Bonn, Thomas L.
       title: Libraries and the Arts and Humanities (Book Review)
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 1169
      flesch: 61
     summary: Some of the tabular exemplars are either dead wrong or typos continued intact from the 2nd edition, e.g., the 3d edition's treatment on page 266 of Peek-a-boo 383 + index entry includes a modification line not in 3d edition index and without ci- tation. One of the refreshing aspects of this sym- posium is that the participants take a sober look at the organization and retrieval of economic knowledge.
    keywords: foskett; humanities
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13187.pdf
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        item: #1994 of 5668
          id: crl-13189
      author: Creth, Sheila
       title: The New Manageerial Grid: Strategic New Insights into a Proven System for Increasing Organization Productivity and Individual Effectiveness-Plus a Revealing Examination of How Your Managerial Style Can Affect Your Mental and Physical Health (Book Review)
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 1260
      flesch: 54
     summary: In addition, none of the material on health is directly related to research on management styles and specific managers' health problems. The major changes in this edition are the inclusion of material on the relationship between managerial styles and specific health problems and an expansion of the discussion of childhood origins of man- agerial styles.
    keywords: management; managerial
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13189.pdf
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        item: #1995 of 5668
          id: crl-13190
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1978-07-01
       words: 2380
      flesch: 56
     summary: No moving of materials was required, and no additional circulation stations are provided, keeping the budget oriented toward collection development, not toward maintaining cumbersome reserve operations. In collection development, as in all practical affairs, the crying need is always for the in- sight and judgment of the competent man, and the implications of this for university li- braries should not remain without emphasis.-Paul Schuchman, C!ltalog Li- brarian, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York.
    keywords: collection; libraries; library; use
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        item: #1996 of 5668
          id: crl-13193
      author: Lancaster, F. Wilfrid
       title: Whither Libraries? Or, Wither Libraries?
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 9258
      flesch: 58
     summary: The scientist of the future will use a ter- minal in many different ways: to receive text, to transmit text, to compose text, to search for text, to seek the answers to fac- tual questions, to build information files, and to converse with colleagues. Library automation is seen only as the application of computers to the manipu- lation of machine-readable records for documents in print on paper form.
    keywords: data; electronic; information; libraries; literature; paper; research; science
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13193.pdf
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        item: #1997 of 5668
          id: crl-13195
      author: Trudell, Libby; Wolper, James
       title: Interlibrary Loan in New England
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 4170
      flesch: 64
     summary: which comprised almost 30 percent of the NELINET sample, are more likely to borrow in-state, especially through the medium of state library systems, than academic libraries. The survey data results about public library activity support the conclusion of Rolland Stevens that academic libraries are only a part of the total ILL picture.
    keywords: ill; libraries; percent; survey
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        item: #1998 of 5668
          id: crl-13196
      author: Ariew, Susan Andriette
       title: The Failure of the Open Access Residence Hall Library
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 5611
      flesch: 58
     summary: At that time there was considerable discussion in the lit- erature about residence hall libraries, but after the initial interest subsided, informa- tion on these various educational experi- roents became scarce. Although duster college libraries bear some re- semblance to residence hall libraries, they seem to function more as undergraduate li- braries.
    keywords: hall; libraries; library; residence; university
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        item: #1999 of 5668
          id: crl-13199
      author: O'Connor, Daniel; Van Orden, Phyllis
       title: Getting into Print
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 6527
      flesch: 57
     summary: Getting into Print Editors of thirty-three national library periodicals were surveyed to identify the number of unsolicited manuscripts received and published annually . journal editors are en- couraged to publish the purpose and scope of their periodical, as well as the method and criteria used to review unsolicited manuscripts.
    keywords: articles; journal; library; manuscripts; prep; publication; rate; unsolicited
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        item: #2000 of 5668
          id: crl-13202
      author: Freides, Thelma
       title: Use of Social Sciences Literature (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 1405
      flesch: 51
     summary: Some are accounts of the subject's history, orientation, schools of thought, and land- mark works, with little or no attention to bibliographic organization and retrieval; others reverse the perspective and concen- trate on description of bibliographic ser- vices. · The editor's introductory essay, Com- munication and the Bibliographical System in the Social Sciences, starts with some stimulating observations concerning the harm done to communication by the prolif- eration of bibliographic aids and the pos- sibilities and requirements of a well- functioning bibliographic system, though it then drifts off, disappointingly, into a bland recital of the characteristics of existing pub- lications.
    keywords: book; copyright; library
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        item: #2001 of 5668
          id: crl-13203
      author: Gelfand, Morris A.
       title: Organisation and Administration of College Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 1424
      flesch: 58
     summary: Among major subjects treated in the book are finance, staffing, planning, and equip- ping library buildings, book selection, tech- nical services, reference work, conservation and preservation, binding, and periodicals handling. Collections are measured in thousands, annual expenditures for books might well be less than $2,500, and the size of the staff might range from a total of one to five or six persons.
    keywords: book; college; dibdin
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        item: #2002 of 5668
          id: crl-13204
      author: Guido, John F.
       title: Thomas Frognall Dibdin: Selections (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 1352
      flesch: 64
     summary: The chapter on theft problems of journal, nonprint, and special collections is slightly less satisfying, perhaps because the work done in these areas is less complete and theft problems less easily evaluated. The author argues that if the in- ventory is considered as a tool to achieve other valuable ends, for example, weeding, preservation, etc., in addition to calculating book losses, it may be a cost-effective pro- cedure.
    keywords: dibdin; theft
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        item: #2003 of 5668
          id: crl-13205
      author: Michalko, James
       title: Book Theft and Library Security Systems, 1978-79 (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 1318
      flesch: 61
     summary: The chapter on theft problems of journal, nonprint, and special collections is slightly less satisfying, perhaps because the work done in these areas is less complete and theft problems less easily evaluated. It puts electronic security systems into perspective as only one element, albeit a major element, in a balanced approach to library theft.
    keywords: data; theft
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        item: #2004 of 5668
          id: crl-13206
      author: Grosch, Audrey N.
       title: The Waves of Change: A Techno-Economic Analysis of the Data Processing Industry (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 1355
      flesch: 58
     summary: Using clearly understood prose, the author addresses the following topics as chapters: (1) Computer Industry Develop- ments: A Review, (2) Changing Hardware/Software Relationships, (3) Products, Services, and Marketplace Statis- tics, (4) Manufacturers' Spending Emphasis and Trends, (5) Data Communications and Network Trends, (6) Distributed Process- ing, (7) User Budget Priorities-Past, Present, and Future, (8) Future System Requirements/Expectations, (9) Mini/ Microcomputer Impact, (10) Software Technology Trends, and (ll) Hardware Technology Trends. It puts electronic security systems into perspective as only one element, albeit a major element, in a balanced approach to library theft.
    keywords: data; information; processing
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        item: #2005 of 5668
          id: crl-13207
      author: Johnson, Irma Y.
       title: Current Research on Scientific and Technical Information Transfer (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 671
      flesch: 55
     summary: While a number of the studies have important implications for academic librar- ians, not least because scientific and techni- cal acquisitions are swallowing an increasing portion of the materials budget, the em- phasis is on improved productivity and efficiency of industrial information systems. Perhaps allocation toward publishing costs of a small part of the origi- nal twenty-one-project research investment would have really borne out NSF's an- nounced policy to facilitate timely and broad dissemination · of research results.
    keywords: information
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        item: #2006 of 5668
          id: crl-13209
      author: Gration, Selby U.
       title: Running Out of Space-What Are the Alternatives? (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 1285
      flesch: 62
     summary: The conference covered a number of al- ternatives and was limited primarily to the problems of book space rather than user, staff, or other library space. The implications for space problems are obvious.
    keywords: library; space
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        item: #2007 of 5668
          id: crl-13210
      author: Walls, Sister Alma Marie
       title: Factors Affectign the Renewal of Periodical Subscriptions (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 1405
      flesch: 57
     summary: The conference covered a number of al- ternatives and was limited primarily to the problems of book space rather than user, staff, or other library space. Librarians then used interlibrary loans to offset any loss of infor- mation to the user because of dropped sub- scriptions as well as to supply back issues, material not handled by a particular library, and a range of new journals.
    keywords: libraries; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13210.pdf
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        item: #2008 of 5668
          id: crl-13211
      author: Morrison, Perry D.
       title: Literature and Bibliometrics (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 1399
      flesch: 54
     summary: The authors are of the opinion-and this re- viewer agrees-that statistical methods of literature analysis are spreading from the sciences and social sciences to the humanities. From lists of possible factors related to purchasing new subscriptions, dropping some, and cancelling particular journals, user-oriented responses ranked highest in each case.
    keywords: book; information
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        item: #2009 of 5668
          id: crl-13212
      author: Ghosh, Jata S.
       title: The Management of the Information Department (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 1391
      flesch: 57
     summary: The authors are of the opinion-and this re- viewer agrees-that statistical methods of literature analysis are spreading from the sciences and social sciences to the humanities. Interest in bibliometrics extends well beyond library and information science.
    keywords: book; information
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        item: #2010 of 5668
          id: crl-13213
      author: Williamson, W. L.
       title: The Search for a Scientific Professino: Library Science Education in the U.S. and Canada (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 2137
      flesch: 56
     summary: On the basis of several of their studies of library schools, they con- clude that the overriding characteristic of the years since Wilson ' s retirement has been growing intellectual confusion . . . Until the profes- sion is reformed, library schools will be able to do very little .
    keywords: education; librarianship; library
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        item: #2011 of 5668
          id: crl-13214
      author: Weaver, James E.
       title: Acquisitions: Where, What, and How (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 1203
      flesch: 57
     summary: Indeed, Ford's work should be read prior to taking on Grieder because of its discussion of the various types and needs of libraries and of the ways to acquire the diverse types of library materials. Until the profes- sion is reformed, library schools will be able to do very little .
    keywords: acquisitions; library
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        item: #2012 of 5668
          id: crl-13215
      author: Balachandran, Sarojini
       title: Information Work with Unpublished Reports (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 1189
      flesch: 61
     summary: Indeed, Ford's work should be read prior to taking on Grieder because of its discussion of the various types and needs of libraries and of the ways to acquire the diverse types of library materials. The lore of the profession is re- plete with tales of faculty errors in ordering materials and in requesting materials for re- serve; Grieder makes us abundantly aware of faculty weaknesses in these matters .
    keywords: book; information
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        item: #2013 of 5668
          id: crl-13218
      author: Snapp, Elizabeth
       title: Classification and Indexing Practice (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 1300
      flesch: 59
     summary: Lois Swan Jones, in her intro- duction, proposes to facilitate the hows, whys, and wheres of basic research: how to find pertinent data, why to use cer- tain kinds of references, where to locate needed materials. Methodology, an area ignored in guides to art until recently, comprises only the first section of the book; resources and means of obtaining reference materials are the other concerns.
    keywords: art; classification; indexing
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        item: #2014 of 5668
          id: crl-13219
      author: Duomato, Lamia
       title: Art Research Methods and Resources: A Guide to Finding Art Information (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 1343
      flesch: 61
     summary: The book succeeds in its pur- pose: to inculcate in the user skills, tech- niques, and attitudes which will facilitate user interaction with information systems. Bakewell describes the alphabetical sub- ject approach of indexing collections with precoordinate systems such as chain index- ing, the Library of Congress subject head- ing list, PRECIS, KWIC, and KWOC.
    keywords: art; library; research
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        item: #2015 of 5668
          id: crl-13220
      author: Holzberlein, Deanne
       title: Library Searching: Resources and Strategies, with Examples from the Environmental Sciences (Book Review)
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 650
      flesch: 66
     summary: The book succeeds in its pur- pose: to inculcate in the user skills, tech- niques, and attitudes which will facilitate user interaction with information systems. This textbook on literature searching is intended to sensitize students to the in- formation process and to develop attitudes toward the utilization of sources.
    keywords: library
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        item: #2016 of 5668
          id: crl-13221
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 1009
      flesch: 64
     summary: Mr. Wingate seems to suffer from some of the confusions he attributes to undergradu- ate libraries in their attempts to define their role. 1 In fact, several of the defects Wingate pinpoints are advan- tages when observed from the undergradu- ate library seat.
    keywords: library; undergraduate
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        item: #2017 of 5668
          id: crl-13222
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1978-09-01
       words: 6220
      flesch: 68
     summary: Library Services for Australia: The Work of AACOBS. An Exposition of the Carl Sandburg Collection at the Univ. of Illinois Library at Urbana-Champaign .
    keywords: available; guide; information; isbn; libraries; library; new; research; univ
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13222.pdf
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        item: #2018 of 5668
          id: crl-13225
      author: McClure, Charles R.
       title: The Planning Process: Strategies for Action
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 5939
      flesch: 50
     summary: The evaluation component in organizational planning pro- vides organizational members With impor- tant feedback to improve the total effective- ness of the organization as a service agency responding to the needs and wants of its patrons. However, before members utilize a total approach to organizational planning, some questions need first be asked.
    keywords: library; objectives; organizational; planning; process; program
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13225.pdf
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        item: #2019 of 5668
          id: crl-13227
      author: Sauer, Tim
       title: Predicting Book Fund Expenditues: A Statistical Model
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 3055
      flesch: 67
     summary: Obviously, orders may be grouped by type in order to maximize this possibil- ity. College and Research Libraries TIM SAUER Predicting Book Fund Expenditures: A Statistical Model A statistical model is developed to predict, at any point in the fiscal year, the amount of money that will be spent, within a book acquisition system, on firm orders against a given fund and thereby predict the number of or- ders that must still be placed in order to totally spend but not overspend that fund.
    keywords: end; order
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13227.pdf
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        item: #2020 of 5668
          id: crl-13228
      author: Shaw, W. M.
       title: A Practical Journal Usage Technique
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 3471
      flesch: 64
     summary: These tags indicate whether or not the current issues of journal titles are used. The number of unused titles that must be subjected to these additional criteria may be substantial, as seen above.
    keywords: journal; library; titles; use
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        item: #2021 of 5668
          id: crl-13229
      author: Hulbert, Linda Ann; Curry, David Stewart
       title: Evaluation of an Approval Plan
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 3747
      flesch: 63
     summary: The total number of requests generated from publishers' fliers was about half that from book reviews, 506 versus 993, but the number of unique requests from each type of source was roughly comparable, indi- cating the greater numerical effectiveness of publishers' fliers for book selection. However, such a plan cannot totally replace the use of book reviews and publishers' fliers and other selection procedures As ONE oF THE DEPARTMENTAL LIBRARIES in the University of Iowa library system, the Health Sciences Library serves the Colleges of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, and Nursing and the Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology.
    keywords: approval; books; plan; publishers
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13229.pdf
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        item: #2022 of 5668
          id: crl-13230
      author: Smith, David R.
       title: A Mouse is Born
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 2364
      flesch: 67
     summary: It was de- signed to interest theaters in booking a se- ries of Mickey Mouse cartoons, and featured reproductions of reviews of Steamboat Willie from the New York daily and trade papers. This year a publisher desired 494 I College & Research Libraries • November 1978 @ Walt Disney Product ions The Debut of Mickey Mouse as Steamboat Willie, 1928 to reprint several Mickey Mouse books it had published in the early 1930s, but check- ing into its own files, the firm discovered it no longer had copies of the original books.
    keywords: archives; company; disney; mickey
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13230.pdf
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        item: #2023 of 5668
          id: crl-13231
      author: Fair, Judy H.
       title: Micrographics; Microform Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 1882
      flesch: 62
     summary: · In Chapter 9, Miscellaneous Microform Topics, learning packages, collections of key literature, theses in microform , color microforms , archival quality microforms and standards, cataloging microforms in the library , sources or general bibliographic guides to micropublications, informational guides on microform equipment, and use of microforms in hospitals are briefly exam- ined. To state that it is being omitted from consideration as a suitable type of format because it is inconvenient to use and is thus a negative factor in promoting microform use leaves a major problem area of microform librar- ianship unaddressed (p.l05).
    keywords: information; librarians; library; microforms
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        item: #2024 of 5668
          id: crl-13234
      author: Walch, David B.
       title: Expanding Media (Book Review)
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 1408
      flesch: 59
     summary: of libraries, library educators, librarians, and media specialists and is designed to answer some of the philosophical and practical questions raised by media. Why Media? and the sections on Education and Media . Politics, are generally well done and will provide the reader with a certain measure of media wisdom.
    keywords: information; library; media
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        item: #2025 of 5668
          id: crl-13235
      author: Forth, Stuart
       title: Changing Times, Changing Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 1469
      flesch: 62
     summary: The few meaningful articles could easily be researched through Library Liter- ature. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science, 1978.
    keywords: library; university
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        item: #2026 of 5668
          id: crl-13236
      author: Marcum, Deanna B.
       title: The Library of Congress in Perspective (Book Review)
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 1456
      flesch: 63
     summary: Although the Hewitt report is intended to provide an in-depth analysis of the impact of OCLC on library operations, it also pro- vides some insights into the kinds of changes that will occur as libraries convert their data bases. The intent of the Butler/Aveney/Scholz report is to provide a summary of re- sources available to local libraries, and a guide through the cumulative experience of a number of libraries which ha:ve converted their catalogs.
    keywords: congress; library
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        item: #2027 of 5668
          id: crl-13237
      author: Meyer, Richard W.
       title: The Conversion of Manual catalogs to Collection Data Bases; OCLC: Impact and Use-A Study of the Charter Members of the Ohio College Library Center (Book Review)
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 1443
      flesch: 64
     summary: Although the Hewitt report is intended to provide an in-depth analysis of the impact of OCLC on library operations, it also pro- vides some insights into the kinds of changes that will occur as libraries convert their data bases. They explain, in detail, how Gore's theories have been applied to the operation of his library and how those innovations have affected library use and library users.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13237.pdf
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        item: #2028 of 5668
          id: crl-13238
      author: Burr, Robert L.
       title: To Know a Library: Essays and Annual Reports, 1970-1976 (Book Review)
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 1427
      flesch: 62
     summary: They explain, in detail, how Gore's theories have been applied to the operation of his library and how those innovations have affected library use and library users. College and Research Libraries 504 I College & Research Libraries • November 1978 libraries have utilized archive tapes from OCLC to form the foundation of data bases which they manipulate into printed or COM catalogs.
    keywords: gore; library
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        item: #2029 of 5668
          id: crl-13240
      author: Powell, Janice J.
       title: Librarians' Compensation at the University of California and the California State University and Colleges: The Search for Equity (Book Review)
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 1416
      flesch: 54
     summary: New also attempts to treat some of the basic questions in library education such as the level at which it should be begun, whether the same institutions should offer training for library technical assistants along with the education of professionals, and the degree of reliance upon part-time faculty fresh from practice versus use of full-time academicians. It is important for California librarians, and indeed all librarians in higher educa- tion, to prepare reports that clearly and fac- tually address the issue of adequate com- pensation for the responsibilities we assume and the services we provide.-Janice ].
    keywords: education; librarians
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        item: #2030 of 5668
          id: crl-13241
      author: Hickey, Doralyn J.
       title: Education for Librarianship: Decisions in Organising a System of Professional Education (Book Review)
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 1417
      flesch: 59
     summary: The nature and extent of the revisions are of interest because these revisions allow us to watch the evolution of Katz' ideas about the fundamental questions facing reference librarians. New also attempts to treat some of the basic questions in library education such as the level at which it should be begun, whether the same institutions should offer training for library technical assistants along with the education of professionals, and the degree of reliance upon part-time faculty fresh from practice versus use of full-time academicians.
    keywords: education; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13241.pdf
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        item: #2031 of 5668
          id: crl-13243
      author: Sudduth, Susan F.
       title: Manuscript Solicitation for Libraries, Special Collections, Museums, and Archives (Book Review)
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 692
      flesch: 55
     summary: The title of this book is misleading, for what we really have here are suggestions on how to solicit special collections materials. The remainder of the book consists of appendixes-with samples of solicitation letters, deeds, collection inventories, and examples of the internal paperwork neces- sary to re-create negotiations at a later date (field notes, name cards, reminder files, etc.)-a brief bibliography, and a subject index.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #2032 of 5668
          id: crl-13244
      author: Bobinski, George S.
       title: Milestones to the Present: Papers from Library History Seminar V (Book Review)
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 1384
      flesch: 58
     summary: Of interest also would be Doris Cruger Dale's ALA and Its First 100 Years , 1876- 1976, Roger Michener's The Contempla- tion of the Library in America, Donald E. Oehlerts' American Library Architecture and the World's Columbian Exposition, and Laurel Grotzinger's Dewey's 'Splendid Women' and Their Impact on Library Edu- cation. Library History Seminar, 5th, Philadelphia, Pa., 1976.
    keywords: history; libraries; library
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        item: #2033 of 5668
          id: crl-13246
      author: Dain, Phyllis
       title: American Library History: A Bibliography (Book Review)
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 1446
      flesch: 60
     summary: These two works explore the use of slide/ tapes or tape-slides for library instruction in academic libraries from American and British viewpoints. Indeed the book will be, by its compre- hensiveness, the standard bibliography in its field, going as it does beyond books, pam- phlets, and periodical articles to encompass the numerous master's and doctoral theses in library history and parts of larger works such as festschriften.
    keywords: history; library; tape
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        item: #2034 of 5668
          id: crl-13247
      author: Roberts, Ann F.
       title: Use of Slide/Tape Presentations in Academic Libraries; Evaluation of Tape-Slide Guides for Library Instruction (Book Review)
        date: 1978-11-01
       words: 1415
      flesch: 54
     summary: These two works explore the use of slide/ tapes or tape-slides for library instruction in academic libraries from American and British viewpoints. (SUNY Albany for instance has five slide/ tapes used for library instruction: library services, government documents, informa- tion retrieval, the card catalog, and a search strategy for library research, but is not in- cluded.)
    keywords: instruction; libraries; library
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        item: #2035 of 5668
          id: crl-13251
      author: Smith, Eldred R.
       title: The Academic Library within a National Information Policy: Introduction
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 446
      flesch: 48
     summary: They also raise, I believe, some critical and inci- sive issues with regard to academic libraries and a national information policy. Per- suasively arguing that academic libraries are Eldred R. Smith is director of libraries, Uni- versity of Minnesota , Minneapolis .
    keywords: national
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        item: #2036 of 5668
          id: crl-13253
      author: Johnson, Irma Y.
       title: Dissemination of Research Results and a National Information Policy
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 3648
      flesch: 52
     summary: College and Research Libraries IRMA Y. JOHNSON TOWARD THE WHITE HOUSE CONFERENCE AND BEYOND Dissemination of Research Results and a National Information Policy Significant portions of the major primary and secondary publications in sci- ence and technology carry information resulting from government research and development. The subtlety with which university librar- ies are pressed into the role of disseminator of government research is reflected in the notice in every issue of Energy Research Abstracts: The libraries listed below pur- chase and maintain microfiche collections of DOE and foreign reports that are abstracted in ERA.
    keywords: government; information; libraries; research; science
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        item: #2037 of 5668
          id: crl-13254
      author: McGowan, John P.
       title: Private University Libraries and a National Information Policy
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 2818
      flesch: 52
     summary: It sees the problem for university and research libraries as one of sharing im- balances, the inability to maintain and pre- serve and develop collections, various im- pediments to innovative and experimental collective activities, and insufficient funds to provide services to a wider clientele and sustenance to a number of select collections. Many applications contain support for com- puter services, few for library services.
    keywords: libraries; library; national; research
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        item: #2038 of 5668
          id: crl-13255
      author: Moffett, William A.
       title: College Libraries and a National Information Policy: Whistling in the Graveyard
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 2398
      flesch: 60
     summary: 2 There was evidence of indifference, as well as of the predictable preoccup;1tion with local issues that clearly makes a discus- sion of national policies a luxury for many hard-pressed college librarians. At the outset, I must say that a number of college librarians whom one might have expected to be concerned about the national network and national policy questions seem, for whatever reasons, to be to all appear- ances quite contentedly asleep-and maybe even dead.
    keywords: college; information; national
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        item: #2039 of 5668
          id: crl-13257
      author: Baldwin, Julia F.; Rudolph, Robert S.
       title: The Comparative Effectiveness of a Slide/Tape Show and a Library Tour
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 2639
      flesch: 69
     summary: When the tours and slide presentations were over, the students were immediately given a twenty-item· test. In all but the two sections of the slide/tape group that were not monitored by the authors of this article, students were told just before taking the test that it was part of an experiment to determine the rela- tive effectiveness of tours as compared to slide/tape presentations.
    keywords: library; slide; tape
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        item: #2040 of 5668
          id: crl-13259
      author: Green, Keith
       title: An Evaluation of Citation-Return on Reprints
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 1343
      flesch: 60
     summary: College and Research Libraries KEITH GREEN An Evaluation of Citation-Return on Reprints A ten-year retrospective study of reprint distribution and their subsequent citation was undertaken, which indicated that the citation-return on re- prints is low, although distribution of reprints may have aided in increasing the citation rate. Reprints are purchased for distribution often at high cost to either the author in- stitutions or federal and state agencies; in addition, the cost of mailing reprint request cards and reprints increases as postal costs rise.
    keywords: citation; reprints
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        item: #2041 of 5668
          id: crl-13260
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference books of 1977-78
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 7382
      flesch: 59
     summary: Published works, particu- larly autobiographies, as well as honors or awards are noted. This is the first in a new series of subject and personal name indexes (Women and Energy volumes are announced as forth- coming), which cumulate the citations and abstracts from the annual indexes to the New York Times, thus providing a compre- hensive overview of developments by bring- ing together the entries scattered thr.ough- out the eleven annual index volumes.
    keywords: bibliography; books; guide; index; isbn; new; reference; subject; united; volume
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        item: #2042 of 5668
          id: crl-13261
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 2880
      flesch: 56
     summary: While library administrators often discuss the extent to which the organization is meeting the needs of those it serves, they rarely consider the extent to which it meets the equally important needs of those who serve. In the same vein, Daniels alleges that I characterize library administrators as in- formed, etc.
    keywords: libraries; library; line; services
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        item: #2043 of 5668
          id: crl-13262
      author: Young, Arthur P.
       title: A History of the American Library Association, 1876-1972 (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 1730
      flesch: 59
     summary: Among these were censorship, democratiza- tion of the assoc.iation, recruitment, regula- tion of library education, and participation Euphoric over its wartime successes , ALA fashioned the enlarged program in 1919, a bold plan that encompassed creation of an endowment, adult education, extensive pub- licity, and reforms in library education.
    keywords: ala; association; libraries; library
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        item: #2044 of 5668
          id: crl-13263
      author: Brodman, Estelle
       title: Use of Medical Literature (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 1383
      flesch: 56
     summary: The names of ALA presidents Linda Eastman and Frances Spain are incorrectly rendered in several places; Frank Hill is re- ferred to as Frederick; the title of the Williamson report of 1923 is inaccurately transcribed; and the American Expedition- ary Force is wrongly named the Allied Ex- peditionary Force. The National Library of Medicine and its publi- cations and data bases are extensively de- scribed, and the cost of many services is given in American dollars.
    keywords: libraries; library; research
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        item: #2045 of 5668
          id: crl-13266
      author: Harris, Jessica L.
       title: The Idea of Order in Bibliography (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 717
      flesch: 68
     summary: Most library COM activities will probably be handled by a service bureau. Cer- tain capabilities of COM service bureaus are not mentioned, since their development and availability have occurred in the last few months.
    keywords: com
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        item: #2046 of 5668
          id: crl-13267
      author: Flanagan, Cathleen C.
       title: How to Start an Audiovisual Collection; The Multimedia Library: Materials Selection and Use (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 2155
      flesch: 63
     summary: In short, this title should not be used alone as a textbook for materials selec- tion classes, as too much is omitted or dealt with in summary fashion; used in conjunc- tion with other materials, however, it could be a valuable contribution to the literature of library materials selection.-Cathleen C. Flanagan, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. The Cabeceiras book, on the other hand, is a systematic treatment by one :iuthor of the characteristics and utilization of various forms of media in a generalized library set- ting; this author uses the umbrella term multimedia to emphasize the fact that he is dealing with library programs where print and nonprint resources exist as coequals.
    keywords: book; com; library; materials
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        item: #2047 of 5668
          id: crl-13268
      author: Thomson, Dorothy F.
       title: The College Library: A Collection of Essays (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 723
      flesch: 64
     summary: College and Research Libraries used alone as a textbook for materials selec- tion classes, as too much is omitted or dealt with in summary fashion; used in conjunc- tion with other materials, however, it could be a valuable contribution to the literature of library materials selection.-Cathleen C. Flanagan, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. There is a long essay on the history of the college library and others on financing, or- ganizing, and staffing and on the services and training such libraries provide.
    keywords: library
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        item: #2048 of 5668
          id: crl-13269
      author: Winearls, Joan
       title: Map Librarianship: An Introduction (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 2137
      flesch: 57
     summary: This text should supersede many of the earlier (and poorer) articles in the field and should be basic reading, for some time, for North American map librarians, whether experienced or beginners, and for nonmap librarians who want to know what is hap- penging in the field.-joan Winearls, Uni- versity of Toronto . College and Research Libraries used alone as a textbook for materials selec- tion classes, as too much is omitted or dealt with in summary fashion; used in conjunc- tion with other materials, however, it could be a valuable contribution to the literature of library materials selection.-Cathleen C. Flanagan, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.
    keywords: book; librarians; library; map
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        item: #2049 of 5668
          id: crl-13270
      author: Moffett, W. A.
       title: The Information Society: Issues and Answers (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 674
      flesch: 52
     summary: I 13 dation Center, treated information as a commodity and discussed the economic im- plications posed by new technology; Gerald Shields of the School of Information and Li- brary Studies, SUNY Buffalo, invited analysis of the new role of librarians result- ing from that technology; and Fay Blake of the School of Library Science, University of California at Berkeley, warned that public access to information must be determined, not by technology, but by librarians with a clear notion of their patrons' need. OCLC director Fred Kilgour briefly re- viewed past applications of technology to li- braries, chiefly in cataloging, and invited participants to speculate on the fountain of beneficial effects about to shower forth as computer technology moved librarianship into another of its great ages.
    keywords: librarians; library
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        item: #2050 of 5668
          id: crl-13273
      author: Marshall, Joan K.
       title: Books Are For Use (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 1374
      flesch: 59
     summary: BOOKS searches resulted in fewer non- relevant items; the average precision of MARC searches was 35 percent and of BOOKS searches 46 percent. These data bases, however, rarely include expanded access to books.
    keywords: access; books; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13273.pdf
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        item: #2051 of 5668
          id: crl-13275
      author: Schorr, Alan Edward
       title: US Federal Official Publications: The International Dimension (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 1143
      flesch: 53
     summary: It is also a readable text for users of government publications in general. It is extremely difficult to be comprehen- sive in listing government publications that would appeal to an international audience, but haphazard attempts do not seem the best method to follow.
    keywords: government; publications
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13275.pdf
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        item: #2052 of 5668
          id: crl-13276
      author: Jewell, Timothy D.
       title: Statistical Methods for Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 1174
      flesch: 57
     summary: The third edition contained a chronological list of books , banned from 387 B.C . This edition, in Appendix 1, as did the third , covers Trends in Censorship, with discussion of the political and religious con- trol of books , overseas libraries, library cen-
    keywords: books; publications
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        item: #2053 of 5668
          id: crl-13279
      author: Oakley, Madeleine Cohen
       title: Exemptions and Fair Use in Copyright: The Exclusive Rights Tensions in the 1976 Copyright Act (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 694
      flesch: 53
     summary: Seltzer examines the possible impact of the 1976 Copyright Act on the workings of copyright in the U.S., especially on the areas of exempted use and fair use, and concludes that the new law does nothing to resolve the old problems in these areas and has furthermore introduced troublesome new problems. I 81 and narrow arguments among librarians, publishers, and authors that have sur- rounded the emergence of the Copyright Act of 1976, but rather with analyzing the constitutional and theoretical foundations of copyright and with formulating an intellec- tually sound framework for the continuing public policy debate on the proper limits of copyright protection.
    keywords: copyright
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        item: #2054 of 5668
          id: crl-13282
      author: Whalen, Lucille
       title: Outreach: Library Services for the Institutionalized, the Elderly, and the Physically Handicapped (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 721
      flesch: 66
     summary: Two chapters each are devoted to hospital libraries and prison libraries; one each to library services for the elderly, the disabled, the blind, the par- tially sighted, the mentally retarded, and the deaf. It is evident throughout the work that both countries have faced similar problems in attempting to provide outreach services.
    keywords: services
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        item: #2055 of 5668
          id: crl-13283
      author: Gambee, Budd L.
       title: One Book/Five Ways: The Publishing Procedures of Five University Presses (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 1455
      flesch: 64
     summary: Two chapters each are devoted to hospital libraries and prison libraries; one each to library services for the elderly, the disabled, the blind, the par- tially sighted, the mentally retarded, and the deaf. Who is Purvis Mulch, and is No Time for House Plants available in book form?
    keywords: book; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13283.pdf
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        item: #2056 of 5668
          id: crl-13284
      author: Hannaford, William E.
       title: Advances in Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 1473
      flesch: 61
     summary: The first, by John Wilkinson, a pro- fessor of library science at the University of Toronto, deals with library education in Canada. The library science curriculum in Canada is somewhat more theoretical than it is in many American library schools.
    keywords: book; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13284.pdf
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        item: #2057 of 5668
          id: crl-13285
      author: Nitecki, Joseph Z.
       title: Energy Conservation in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 1796
      flesch: 55
     summary: Energy conservation may mean different things to different people. Energy conservation may also be considered as a method of better utiliza- tion of unused , often wasted, energy.
    keywords: energy; libraries; library
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        item: #2058 of 5668
          id: crl-13286
      author: Grosch, Audrey N.
       title: Toward Paperless Information Systems (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 1309
      flesch: 60
     summary: Whether we really accept it or not, paper- less information systems will slowly per- meate our work and even affect our life- styles and our leisure, perhaps more than we would care to admit. The author has almost twenty years of ex- perience designing and implementing in- formation retrieval systems.
    keywords: information; systems
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        item: #2059 of 5668
          id: crl-13287
      author: Silberstein, Stephen M.
       title: Systems Analysis for Information Retrieval (Book Review)
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 593
      flesch: 67
     summary: The author has almost twenty years of ex- perience designing and implementing in- formation retrieval systems. It is refreshing to read someone who realizes that systems analysis is very subjec- tive, partly technique and partly flair.
    keywords: information
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        item: #2060 of 5668
          id: crl-13289
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1979-01-01
       words: 4472
      flesch: 64
     summary: A document retrieval study conducted before and again after the building of a more centralized library at Syracuse University is used as an example of the kind of data gathering that can lead to improved decision making and evaluation of library services by library administrators. Fre- quency analysis distributions are summarized and tabulated for the following area!:: service and ref- erence materials; print materials; media software; function of the ERC; students' feelings toward the ERC; students' use and opinion of the uni- versity library and other libraries; and Pe(Spnal characteristics.
    keywords: american; guide; information; isbn; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13289.pdf
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        item: #2061 of 5668
          id: crl-13290
      author: Johnson, Richard D.
       title: New Horizons for Academic Libraries
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 957
      flesch: 56
     summary: This first national conference for academic librarians was not a time for retrospection; rather the conference theme, New Horizons for Academic Libraries, provided a chance to look forward to the changes , opportunities, and challenges awaiting college, university, and research libraries in this last quarter of the twentieth century. Warren J. Haas succeeded her and presented his overview of the ways and means involved in the future of academic library management.
    keywords: library; set
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        item: #2062 of 5668
          id: crl-13292
      author: Haas, Warren J.
       title: Managing Our Academic Libraries: Ways and Means
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 7371
      flesch: 52
     summary: I would also include policies that deter- mine the physical condition of collections ; those that establish the patterns of staff composition; those that set the quality and scope of library service; and those that es- tablish the degree of dependence or inter- dependence of a library on other libraries or on externally provided services-in short , the policies that determine library capabilities, library costs, and library character. According to the report, an additional ten thousand professional librarians are needed in the three thousand college and university libraries; the stock of library materials should be increased by 158 million items over the present 612 million total , which works out to an average of fifty-three thousand additional items per academic li- brary.
    keywords: bibliographic; libraries; library; management; national; new; npc; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13292.pdf
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        item: #2063 of 5668
          id: crl-13293
      author: Wyatt, Joe B.
       title: Technology and the Library
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 3464
      flesch: 63
     summary: For this discussion I would like to couch my enthusiasm in terms of the opportunities represented by information technology. So much for the brief visit to the issue of information technology and library adminis- tration.
    keywords: computer; information; technology; years
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        item: #2064 of 5668
          id: crl-13294
      author: Markuson, Barbara Evans
       title: Cooperation and Library Network Development
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 7306
      flesch: 52
     summary: Over and above these central costs, there are some two thousand terminals purchased by library networks or individual libraries rep- resenting, ignoring depreciation, an aggregate investment of about $7,400,000. It seems reasonably clear that only large firms, the federal government, a few large states, and large library networks will be able to undertake the capital investment needed to support complex, large-scale on-line net- works and to provide the continuing research and development needed to mount new ser- vices.
    keywords: development; information; libraries; library; line; national; network; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13294.pdf
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        item: #2065 of 5668
          id: crl-13298
      author: Clack, Doris Hargrett
       title: Library of Congress Subject Headings: Principles and Application (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1215
      flesch: 68
     summary: In light of the continued influence of Li- brary of Congress subject headings in librar- ies, Lois Mai Chan offers to professional librarians, library instructors, and advanced I 167 168 I College & Research Libraries • March 1979 library science students a book that brings together in one place the principles and prac- tices of the Library of Congress in regard to subject headings as they have evolved over the years. Library science instructors will welcome this book as a comprehensive compilation of subject heading principles that may be con- veyed collectively to students who have al- ready been exposed to basic theories of cataloging.
    keywords: headings; library; subject
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        item: #2066 of 5668
          id: crl-13299
      author: Binder, Michael B.
       title: Library Space Planning; Buying New Technology (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 2148
      flesch: 59
     summary: Library science instructors will welcome this book as a comprehensive compilation of subject heading principles that may be con- veyed collectively to students who have al- ready been exposed to basic theories of cataloging. College and Research Libraries 168 I College & Research Libraries • March 1979 library science students a book that brings together in one place the principles and prac- tices of the Library of Congress in regard to subject headings as they have evolved over the years.
    keywords: headings; library; principles; subject
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        item: #2067 of 5668
          id: crl-13300
      author: Edgar, Neal L.
       title: Periodicals Administration in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1383
      flesch: 67
     summary: Two fold-out pages containing a summary Table of Statistics of University Library Buildings in Southeast Asia appear to be use- ful, except that U.S. readers will find it difficult to convert linear meters to linear feet, square meters to square feet, and cost per square meter to cost per square foot. Contributions that will be of especial inter- est to academic librarians include Jerrold Orne's forecast of the future of academic li- brary architecture ; J oleen Bock's detailed analysis of the space needs of media-centered community college libraries; and Thomas Sla- vens' analysis of the failure of the divisional plan at Drake University .
    keywords: libraries; library; university
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        item: #2068 of 5668
          id: crl-13301
      author: Schell, Hal B.
       title: University Library Buildings in Southeast Asia (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 603
      flesch: 68
     summary: Two fold-out pages containing a summary Table of Statistics of University Library Buildings in Southeast Asia appear to be use- ful, except that U.S. readers will find it difficult to convert linear meters to linear feet, square meters to square feet, and cost per square meter to cost per square foot. Singapore: University of Singapore Library, 1977.
    keywords: singapore
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        item: #2069 of 5668
          id: crl-13302
      author: Heyeck, John C.
       title: Steady-State, Zero Growth and the Academic Library (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1378
      flesch: 63
     summary: This second edition is intended as an intro- ductory text for library school students and newcomers to university library work. The content is also very variable in quality; the chapter on library planning is a good re- sume of the methods and problems associated with the design and furnishing of new librar- ies , illustrated with examples from recent British practice .
    keywords: libraries; library; university
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        item: #2070 of 5668
          id: crl-13303
      author: Roberts, J. K.
       title: British University Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1517
      flesch: 61
     summary: This second edition is intended as an intro- ductory text for library school students and newcomers to university library work. Those in the United Kingdom, and to a growing degree Australia, are confronted less with the whims of an electorate than with specific directives to keep a lid on library costs.
    keywords: libraries; library; university
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        item: #2071 of 5668
          id: crl-13305
      author: Birdsall, Douglas
       title: The Doing History: A Practical Use of the Library-College Concept (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1206
      flesch: 61
     summary: In a nuts-and-bolts approach, Bock and La Jeunesse analyze LRC service components in terms of public services, technical services, production services, and related instructional services. Bock and LaJeunesse have written an over- view of learning resource programs as related to facilities design and program planning.
    keywords: college; library
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        item: #2072 of 5668
          id: crl-13307
      author: Abraham, Terry
       title: Archives Procedural Manual (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1583
      flesch: 59
     summary: Professional Serials Staff - Our Continuation Serv- ice is administered by a specialized staff of serials librar- ians to help you with two of the most time- consuming acquisi- tion chores: establish- ing and monitoring standing orders. $125 Library Technology Reports American Library Association 50 East Huron Street Chicago, Illinois 60611 · tion of the oral history program and the dele- tion of the section on rare books.
    keywords: library; serials; service
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        item: #2073 of 5668
          id: crl-13308
      author: Weintraub, D. Kathryn
       title: Bibliographical Control of Early Books (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1195
      flesch: 57
     summary: This is an interesting approach to bibliogra- phy and suggests (at least for machine- readable files) an easy way in which to separate the clerical aspects of bibliographic descrip- tion from those problems of grouping that re- quire judgment and scholarship. However, such descriptive entries are too long for the many secondary listings where scholars need to compare several entries in order· to make judgments.
    keywords: entries; library
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        item: #2074 of 5668
          id: crl-13309
      author: Rift, Leo R.
       title: Microforms: The Librarians' View, 1978-79 (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1365
      flesch: 59
     summary: There is much useful data in the chapter Space and Financial Implications of Mi- croforms; but several details in the cost com- parison between hard copy and microforms . are left out, such as microform equipment maintenance and hard copy reader table costs. Moreover, such entries can be more easily rearranged in the various se- quences that are useful for scholarly compari- sons.
    keywords: entries; libraries; microform
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        item: #2075 of 5668
          id: crl-13310
      author: Baatz, William H.
       title: Collection Development Policy for the University of Kansas Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1331
      flesch: 56
     summary: There are policies on some new or unusual collections, such as women's studies, univer- sity archives, special collections, social wel- fare, radiation biophysics, other foreign lan- guages, museum of natural history, current fiction, and applied English. Her new book discusses computerized library systems in terms of individual libraries , regional net- works , and national programs.
    keywords: collection; libraries; policy
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        item: #2076 of 5668
          id: crl-13311
      author: Grundt, Leonard
       title: Library Networks, 1978-79 (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 696
      flesch: 54
     summary: The eleven chapters deal concisely with such topics as: the growth and scope of net- working; uses and standards for machine- readable data; major computer utilities (OCLC, BALLOTS, UTLAS, and WLN); existing network organizations; commercial suppliers of services and systems; relations with hardware manufacturers, subcontractors, and consultants; selection, operation, and management of on-line systems; unsolved is- sues and problems in network development and implementation; planning for a national library information network; and merging tra- ditional library cooperatives with on-line sys- tems . There are policies on some new or unusual collections, such as women's studies, univer- sity archives, special collections, social wel- fare, radiation biophysics, other foreign lan- guages, museum of natural history, current fiction, and applied English.
    keywords: collection; library
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        item: #2077 of 5668
          id: crl-13314
      author: Kaser, David
       title: Books and Book People in 19th-Century America (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1485
      flesch: 63
     summary: This book has a great deal to offer those interested in library instruction-especially those who might be setting up or reevaluating their own library instruction programs. A highlight of the book is the discussion of the evaluation of user education programs.
    keywords: book; programs; theory
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        item: #2078 of 5668
          id: crl-13315
      author: Meltzer, Ellen
       title: User Education in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1351
      flesch: 66
     summary: This book has a great deal to offer those interested in library instruction-especially those who might be setting up or reevaluating their own library instruction programs. A highlight of the book is the discussion of the evaluation of user education programs.
    keywords: library; programs
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        item: #2079 of 5668
          id: crl-13316
      author: Heckman, Lucy T.
       title: Coping with the OCLC Cataloging Subsystem (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1237
      flesch: 68
     summary: We call our program Concerned Service and it pays off for academic libraries through- out the U.S.A. Topics covered include terminal operation, catalog card formats and profiles, and bibliographic searching.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #2080 of 5668
          id: crl-13317
      author: Burlingame, Dwight F.
       title: Non-Book Materials in Libraries: A Practical Guide (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1392
      flesch: 67
     summary: Section 3, Making It Work, presents is- sues to be analyzed by colleges when entering into a program for older Americans , such as the content and structure of the curriculum , the preparation of teachers, the need to plan programs with older students rather than for them, and the resulting intergenerational student mix. Topics covered include terminal operation, catalog card formats and profiles, and bibliographic searching.
    keywords: book; libraries
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        item: #2081 of 5668
          id: crl-13318
      author: Kettner, Dorothy Hagen
       title: The Graying of the Campus (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1361
      flesch: 63
     summary: While slanted toward geographic themes, the chap- ter on library use could be read with profit by anyone unfamiliar with library practices. Section 3, Making It Work, presents is- sues to be analyzed by colleges when entering into a program for older Americans , such as the content and structure of the curriculum , the preparation of teachers, the need to plan programs with older students rather than for them, and the resulting intergenerational student mix.
    keywords: libraries; library; new
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        item: #2082 of 5668
          id: crl-13320
      author: Asher, Catherine
       title: Library Conservation: Preservation in Perspective (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1348
      flesch: 60
     summary: There are few introductory articles on library conservation, still fewer that concen- trate on the philosophy of preservaton. They chose selections to deal with the philosophi- cal and epistemological aspects of conservation of research library materials.
    keywords: articles; conservation; library
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        item: #2083 of 5668
          id: crl-13321
      author: Edgar, Neal L.
       title: Victorian Periodicals: A Guide to Research (Book Review)
        date: 1979-03-01
       words: 1277
      flesch: 57
     summary: There are few introductory articles on library conservation, still fewer that concen- trate on the philosophy of preservaton. The ten topical divisions include subjects from The Nature of Library Materials to The Roles of the Conservator and the Scientist.
    keywords: articles; conservation; library
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        item: #2084 of 5668
          id: crl-13323
      author: Austin, Ronald; Cruse, James; Faucher, Rose-Grace; Heitshu, Sara; Holbrook, Carol; Marko, Lynn; Loup, Jean L.
       title: Position Classification at Michigan: Another Look
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 5939
      flesch: 43
     summary: In a fourth element the committee at- tempted to provide a differing means of evaluation for technical services positions and public services positions. Such promotion was to be based on outstanding performance and was to be considered not by the classification evaluation committee, whose concern was position classification , but by the executive council, an advisory body to the director.
    keywords: classification; committee; degree; library; position
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        item: #2085 of 5668
          id: crl-13324
      author: Kernaghan, John A.; Kernaghan, Salvinija G.; O'Keefe, Robert D.; Rubenstein, Albert H.
       title: The Influences of Traditional Services on Library Use
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 7492
      flesch: 64
     summary: The Influences of Traditional Services on Library Use This study, on the relationship between user preferences, library charac- teristics, and the fr eq u ency of library use, employing a sample of 655 students in fi ve medical schools, supports in a tentative fashion some tra- ditional principles relating library characteristics to frequency of use. Other factors assumed to influence library use, such as the availability of au- diovisual materials or th e physical comfort of the library , do not appear to be related to frequency of use.
    keywords: libraries; library; students; use
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        item: #2086 of 5668
          id: crl-13326
      author: Force, Ronald W.; Force, Jo Ellen
       title: Access to Alternative Catalogs: A Simulation Model
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 2815
      flesch: 71
     summary: 234 I problems require other simplifying assump- tions about arrivals and service times in order to solve the equations. The only way to increase utilization is to attract more users or increase service time.
    keywords: number; service; time
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        item: #2087 of 5668
          id: crl-13327
      author: Nachlas, Joel A.; Pierce, Anton R.
       title: Determination of Unit Costs for Library Services
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 4156
      flesch: 61
     summary: The unit costs can be combined with incen- tives for efficient materials use to develop operating policies that recover library costs while promoting more responsible utiliza- tion of library collections. Determination of Unit Costs for Library Services As with other public service activities, inflationary trends and public opin- ion provide a clear mandate for attempts to control the increasing costs of providing library services.
    keywords: costs; library; materials; overdue; service
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        item: #2088 of 5668
          id: crl-13329
      author: Maher, William J.; Shearer, Benjamin F.
       title: Undergraduate Use Patterns of Newspapers on Microfilm
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 4587
      flesch: 64
     summary: Considering the importance of indexes for the use of newspaper titles, one would be inclined to purchase only indexed titles. The case in favor of such basic titles as the New York Times , Wall Street jour- nal , and Chicago Tribune is clear, but the case for purchasing other newspaper titles is far more complex.
    keywords: newspapers; percent; titles; use; user
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        item: #2089 of 5668
          id: crl-13330
      author: Heinritz, Fred J.
       title: Using the Computer for Library Random Sample Selection
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 1879
      flesch: 75
     summary: Note that this program eliminates the need for the elabo- rate tables of random sampling times found in various explanations of work sampling. THERE IS AN INCREASING AWARENESS by li- brarians of the value of random sampling as a data-gathering tool for library managers .
    keywords: random; sample; sampling
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        item: #2090 of 5668
          id: crl-13331
      author: Hacker, Lois; Moore, J.R.
       title: Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (Book Review)
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 3427
      flesch: 69
     summary: Serial control records are usually based on entry forms. Much checking of title pages and reference works is required when a form of name is established, with the possibility of unending future changes in form.
    keywords: aacr; form; libraries; library; rules
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        item: #2091 of 5668
          id: crl-13332
      author: Montague, Eleanor
       title: Information Retrieval: Computational and Theoretical Aspects (Book Review)
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 2095
      flesch: 61
     summary: The author has two stated purposes: first, to introduce the student of computer sci- ence to the basic concepts of the retrieval of alphabetic information and to describe tech- niques for developing suitable computer programs for retrieval and, second, to de- scribe the general structure of data bases and computer programs so that librarians, information scientists, and others without a computer science background can under- stand and appreciate basic design considera- tions of information retrieval systems. The volume is organized as a self- contained textbo<;>k rather than as a compre- hensive examination of the state of the art of information retrieval.
    keywords: data; information; libraries; retrieval
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        item: #2092 of 5668
          id: crl-13333
      author: Helzer, Charles
       title: A History of Book Publishing in the United States (Book Review)
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 1393
      flesch: 60
     summary: The tra- ditional role of automated circulation, cataloging, and acquisition systems is de- scribed but not integrated into the concept of systems analysis for library management. The authors tell us that the volume is in- tended for students and is a guide or con- cise aid that synthesizes common elements of library systems analysis.
    keywords: analysis; library; systems
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        item: #2093 of 5668
          id: crl-13334
      author: McClure, Charles R.
       title: Systems Analysis in Libraries: A Question and Answer Approach (Book Review)
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 678
      flesch: 57
     summary: The tra- ditional role of automated circulation, cataloging, and acquisition systems is de- scribed but not integrated into the concept of systems analysis for library management. The authors tell us that the volume is in- tended for students and is a guide or con- cise aid that synthesizes common elements of library systems analysis.
    keywords: systems
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        item: #2094 of 5668
          id: crl-13335
      author: Holzberlein, Deanne
       title: Library Research Guide to Biology: Illustrated Search Strategy and Sources (Book Review)
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 2353
      flesch: 57
     summary: The authors tell us that the volume is in- tended for students and is a guide or con- cise aid that synthesizes common elements of library systems analysis. Nonetheless, the volume accom- plishes its stated objective and provides a useful guide to 'library systems analysis.
    keywords: analysis; information; library; systems
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        item: #2095 of 5668
          id: crl-13337
      author: Tamblyn, Eldon W.
       title: Indexing Concepts and Methods (Book Review)
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 1271
      flesch: 63
     summary: I 285 that bibliographic data bases have multi- plied from 100 in 1975 to 360 by early 1978, it seems incumbent upon him to satisfy the reader's curiosity about what those data bases are. Proceedings of Annual Congresses of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science, now available: • from 1970 (42nd Congress) onwards, on diazo microfiche at 24x reduction • with author index ( 1970-76) ewith author, title and KWOC indexes (1977 . ) eby standing <?rder or singly Contact: Technical Services Librarian University of New South Wales P.O. Box 1, Kensington .N.S.W. Australia .
    keywords: bases; data; index
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        item: #2096 of 5668
          id: crl-13339
      author: Zipkowitz, Fay
       title: Negotiating for Computer Services (Book Review)
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 1779
      flesch: 48
     summary: lis Public Library Forest College illion Community College Mountain College east Nebraska Technical College Beach City College rnia State Division of Mines Salle High School a Technical Community College pie High School Campus Middle School na College of Technology of Texas General Libraries Library of Malaysia I Film Board of Canada Academy Vocational High School ty of Puerto Rico rd University Science Center I Webster College ison Junior High School JOIN THE LIBRARIES THAT OFFER PATRONS THIS EFFECTIVE GUIDE TO THE SCIENCE WORLD From astronomy to zoology, General Science Index provides public library patrons and students of all ages with a helpful guide to recently published material in 89 science periodicals. Tallahassee Community College Hialeah Public Library
    keywords: college; library; public; school; university
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        item: #2097 of 5668
          id: crl-13340
      author: Wynne, Marjorie G.
       title: Special Collections in Libraries of the Southeast (Book Review)
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 1186
      flesch: 60
     summary: The University of Miami and the Univer- sity of Florida , as we look even farther south , have established major collections re- lating to the Caribbean, especially Cuba, Haiti , and the Dominican Republic . It is also com- monly known that the successful teaching of legal research has confounded many a law teacher and law librarian.
    keywords: law; university
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        item: #2098 of 5668
          id: crl-13341
      author: Head, Anita K.
       title: Audio Research in the Law (Book Review)
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 1429
      flesch: 57
     summary: It is also com- monly known that the successful teaching of legal research has confounded many a law teacher and law librarian. Since such information is lacking, the tapes are mainly a reiteration of instructional mate- rials that are already available in the gener- ally excellent pamphlets that the publishers of the various units of the legal bibliography make freely available to law students.
    keywords: law; legal; research
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        item: #2099 of 5668
          id: crl-13342
      author: Bonn, Thomas L.
       title: Library Technology Reports (Book Review)
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 1490
      flesch: 59
     summary: The strategies furthermore often have to be tailored not only to the legal problem involved but also to the range of legal research materials that are available, and they always are affected by the knowledge and experience of the person doing the research. ps: For complete information ... write, phone, or telex: GD DATA COURIER, INC., the database company 620 South Fifth Street • Louisv ille , KY 40202 U .S.A.
    keywords: available; legal; research
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        item: #2100 of 5668
          id: crl-13343
      author: Bentz, Dale M.
       title: As Much to Learn as to Teach: Essays in Honor of Lester Asheim (Book Review)
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 1233
      flesch: 58
     summary: Dave Berninghausen comments on a sub- ject of great importance to Les Asheim in his contribution entitled Asheim' s Liberal Approach to Intellectual Freedom . Ruth French Carnovsky, a devoted col- league and admirer of Les Asheim, writes informally and interestingly about his life and work.
    keywords: asheim; library
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        item: #2101 of 5668
          id: crl-13346
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1979-05-01
       words: 6587
      flesch: 69
     summary: Summary tables are presented of all characteristics alphabetically by county for public libraries and by institution for academic libraries. Major findings indicate that (1) although little uniformity exists among states in the methods of funding academic libraries, there is a trend toward the use of formulas in statewide funding patterns; (2) a wide variety of budget formulas are presently being used and it is not likely that an ideal formula will be universally adopted; (3) there is a growing trend in overall planning and coordina- tion of library resources within states; and (4) practically every state now has either an official advisory committee or volunteer committees.
    keywords: available; collection; gale; information; isbn; libraries; library; new; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13346.pdf
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        item: #2102 of 5668
          id: crl-13347
      author: Hardesty, Larry; Lovrich, Nicholas P.; Mannon, James
       title: Evaluating Library-Use Instruction
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 6002
      flesch: 57
     summary: The instruction emphasized actual library use and finding information in each of the major collections for use in the writing of compositions. Although library-use instruction programs have become popular during the 1970s, they are often not given the same type of support by library and col- lege or university administrators as the more traditional library services.
    keywords: evaluation; instruction; library; program; students; test; use
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        item: #2103 of 5668
          id: crl-13348
      author: Miller, William; Rockwood, Stephen D.
       title: Collection Development from a College Perspective
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 4569
      flesch: 53
     summary: It is folly for college libraries to attempt to satisfy research needs on a hit-or-miss basis; it would be much more sensible to conceive of periodical acquisition primarily in terms of a core of indexes, which stu- dents could easily be instructed to use and which would lead the student, with con- fidence, to the articles themselves. CHARACfERISTICS OF UNDERGRADUATES In talking about student frustration and about the disparity between their needs and faculty needs, a third principle becomes evident for college librarians , a principle which McKeon would have rejected but which Farber would probably endorse: Just as we should not consider college libraries to be miniature university libraries, so we should not assume that college students are all scholar-adventurers .
    keywords: collection; college; development; libraries; library
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        item: #2104 of 5668
          id: crl-13349
      author: Farber, Evan I.; Miller, William
       title: Collection Development from a College Perspective: A Comment and a Response
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 2318
      flesch: 60
     summary: Perhaps we were too insistent about library instruction. But the suggestion that de- partments which have resisted bibliographic instruction should very properly have their book budgets cut simply runs counter to what I think is the desirable , even neces- sary, approach to bibliographic instruction.
    keywords: college; library
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        item: #2105 of 5668
          id: crl-13350
      author: McDonald, David R.; Maxfield, Margaret W.; Friesner, Virginia G. F.
       title: Sequential Analysis: A Methodology for Monitoring Approval Plans
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 3320
      flesch: 57
     summary: 2 Librarians using approval plans must con- tend with two major problems: (1) receipt of unwanted material and (2) nonreceipt of wanted material. Approval plans are beneficial only to the extent that staff time and paperwork asso- ciated with the selection and acquisition of material are reduced.
    keywords: approval; plan; sample; sequential
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        item: #2106 of 5668
          id: crl-13353
      author: Burnett, Ruth P.
       title: American Book Publishing Record Cumulative 1950-1977: An American National Bibliography (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 3307
      flesch: 73
     summary: It will be very valu- able to librarians needing reliable LC cataloging and classification when they are reclassifying from Dewey to LC, for finding LC call numbers when OCLC records give only Dewey call numbers, for revising cataloging done under old editions of the Dewey Decimal Classification, verifying interlibrary loan requests, finding the con- tents of collections, or developing collec- tions in various subjects. Since the Dewey numbers for books pub- lished early in the period may have been If your periodical collection is in bound volumes you should know you 're using over 11 times the shelf space the same titles would require in microform!
    keywords: dewey; libraries; library; numbers; volumes
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        item: #2107 of 5668
          id: crl-13355
      author: Merikangas, Robert J.
       title: Progress in Educating the Library User (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 2042
      flesch: 61
     summary: He draws implications for a persuasive rhetoric and teaching methods from the parallel between library instruction and the teaching of composition. I missed dis- cussions of library instruction in special and federal libraries , the use of statistics , and programs for teaching faculty and on-line data base users.
    keywords: libraries; library; mass
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        item: #2108 of 5668
          id: crl-13356
      author: Cassata, Mary B.
       title: Beyond Media: New Approaches to Mass Communication (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 697
      flesch: 66
     summary: Comparing the library to any of the classic mass media, they point to a reversal of the mass com- munication process, for, instead of having the source (librarian) communicating to a receiver (library user), the library user be- comes the communicator and the librarian becomes the receiver. He draws implications for a persuasive rhetoric and teaching methods from the parallel between library instruction and the teaching of composition.
    keywords: library
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        item: #2109 of 5668
          id: crl-13359
      author: Fikes, Robert
       title: Black Plots & Black characters: A Handbook for Afro-American Literature (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 1079
      flesch: 63
     summary: A cost accounting system specifically lim- ited to library labor costs in time and dpllars developed, implemented, and continuing in the libraries of California State University, Northridge, is carefully described in Cost Analysis of Library Functions in an at- tempt to provide a . model for libraries to Recent Publications I 369 produce their own set of labor cost data from which sound management decisions can be made and, eventually, from which relevant and meaningful staffing farmulas can be developed (p .2). A concise and cogent discussi9n of the methods used includes, in addition to defi- nition and description, consideration of some of the problems and pitfalls met, such as staff resistance, the discovery that actual library jobs are performed at variance with stated procedures , and the frustration at- tendant on the definition of activities , tasks, and functions to produce valid results-so much so that the authors conclude that in- stalling major data systems is a slow painful process that requires unending revision and rethinking (p.43).
    keywords: library; literature
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        item: #2110 of 5668
          id: crl-13362
      author: Ghosh, Jata S.
       title: Industrial Information Systems: A Manual for Higher Management and Their information Officer/Librarian Associates (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 1336
      flesch: 55
     summary: In summary, this is an excellent book and should be read by all persons engaged in the management of industrial libraries and information centers and systems. For more information on this plan, call us on our Toll-Free WATS Line 1-800-325-8833 Missouri Customers Call Collect: 0-314-739-3100 Ask for Mr. Lesser 19 Years of Service to College and University Libraries Midwest Library Service 11443 St. Charles Rock Rd., Bridgeton, Mo. 63044
    keywords: information; library; periodicals
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        item: #2111 of 5668
          id: crl-13363
      author: Kuhner, David
       title: Retrieval of Medicinal Chemical Information (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 1110
      flesch: 50
     summary: In summary, this is an excellent book and should be read by all persons engaged in the management of industrial libraries and information centers and systems. Information systems are described and evaluated in detail from the National Cancer Institute , National Library of Medicine , Office of Naval Research , and such com- mercial establishments as Rohm and Haas, Parke Davis, Upjohn , and Merck Sharp & Doh me.
    keywords: information; library
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        item: #2112 of 5668
          id: crl-13364
      author: Cornell, George W.
       title: Budgetary Control in Academic Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 1443
      flesch: 57
     summary: But when you learn that all this chemical talk is only one element in a much larger set of functions in the total drug development process, the text begins to grab the atten- tion of anyone interested in information sci- ence and library networks. Following this paper, Melvin S. Day comments on national pol- icy, Miriam A. Drake on library functions with John G. Lorenz reacting to Dra:ke.
    keywords: information; libraries; library
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        item: #2113 of 5668
          id: crl-13365
      author: Grosch, Audrey N.
       title: The On-Line Revolution in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 2378
      flesch: 61
     summary: It consists of subject and author indexes and translation tables reflecting Ei MONTHLY to Ei ANNUAL book numbers and vice versa . 1. Economical programs specially designed to aid library budgets.
    keywords: book; index; libraries; library
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        item: #2114 of 5668
          id: crl-13366
      author: Osborn, Jeanne
       title: Melvil Dewey: His Enduring Presence in Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 704
      flesch: 59
     summary: Melvil Dewey packed into his eighty years a great deal of observation and common sense that can inform and guide us today.-] eanne Osborn, The University of Iowa, Iowa City. Dewey, Melvil.
    keywords: dewey; library
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        item: #2115 of 5668
          id: crl-13367
      author: Lang, Jovian P.
       title: Libraries and Society: Research and Thought (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 1341
      flesch: 56
     summary: How demographic trends and social struc- ture will affect librarianship is foretold by Lowell A. Martin in sections dealing with population growth, an older population, women and the family, urban concentration and dispersion, minorities and the poor, class and libraries, and, finally, demand for continued social research in the library field. OUR 46th YEAR Mount Morris, llllnols61054 governance (equalization of educational op- portunity, research methodologies analyzing public policymaking, accountability for pub- lic funds) have for libraries is treated by R. Kathleen Molz.
    keywords: dewey; libraries; library
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        item: #2116 of 5668
          id: crl-13368
      author: Gittelsohn, Marc
       title: Subject Collections: A Guide to Special Book Collections and Subject emphases as Reported by University, College, Public, and Special Libraries and Museums in the United States and Canada (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 2525
      flesch: 63
     summary: Armed with a fleshed-out understanding of the ideas presented here in skeletal form (the bibliography items are c;gsP..ntial reading for anyone wishing to go beyond Prentice's treatment), the neophyte may gain a good understanding of the major issues and trends in library management today, whereas the seasoned administrator could use the report to fill in some gaps in his or her knowledge.-Albert F. Maag, Capi- tal University, Columbus, Ohio. How demographic trends and social struc- ture will affect librarianship is foretold by Lowell A. Martin in sections dealing with population growth, an older population, women and the family, urban concentration and dispersion, minorities and the poor, class and libraries, and, finally, demand for continued social research in the library field.
    keywords: collections; entries; libraries; library; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13368.pdf
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        item: #2117 of 5668
          id: crl-13369
      author: Maag, Albert F.
       title: Strategies for Survival: Library Financial Management Today (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 663
      flesch: 58
     summary: Armed with a fleshed-out understanding of the ideas presented here in skeletal form (the bibliography items are c;gsP..ntial reading for anyone wishing to go beyond Prentice's treatment), the neophyte may gain a good understanding of the major issues and trends in library management today, whereas the seasoned administrator could use the report to fill in some gaps in his or her knowledge.-Albert F. Maag, Capi- tal University, Columbus, Ohio. This reviewer is particularly impressed with the cooperation of British libraries, wh~ch several of these articles discuss·.
    keywords: library
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        item: #2118 of 5668
          id: crl-13372
      author: Perry, Charles E.
       title: Information Needs in the Humanities: Two Postal Surveys (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 1436
      flesch: 60
     summary: The present work is a direct result of market research activities con- ducted by Knowledge Industry Publications (KIP) on behalf of book industry clients. Hypotheses about the humanities scholar include: heavy reliance on library materials, Recent Publications
    keywords: book; industry
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        item: #2119 of 5668
          id: crl-13373
      author: Lanier, Don
       title: The Book Industry in Transition: An Economic Study of Book Distribution and Marketing (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 1671
      flesch: 60
     summary: In Getting Books to Children , Joseph Turow, assistant profes- sor of communication at Purdue University, applies the perspective of mass communica- tions research to children's publishing in a way that bears upon fundamental concerns of librarians, the consideration of quality in books selected for a library collection, and the desire to satisfy the needs and wishes of readers. The present work is a direct result of market research activities con- ducted by Knowledge Industry Publications (KIP) on behalf of book industry clients.
    keywords: book; industry; study
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        item: #2120 of 5668
          id: crl-13374
      author: Thatcher, Mary E.
       title: Getting Books to Children: An Exploration of Publisher-Market Relations (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 1067
      flesch: 55
     summary: In Getting Books to Children , Joseph Turow, assistant profes- sor of communication at Purdue University, applies the perspective of mass communica- tions research to children's publishing in a way that bears upon fundamental concerns of librarians, the consideration of quality in books selected for a library collection, and the desire to satisfy the needs and wishes of readers. Deborah Lockwood in her book, a bibli- ography on library instruction of that title, sets forth criteria for her selection of titles from the sometimes overwhelming number of works on the subject.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #2121 of 5668
          id: crl-13375
      author: Roberts, Anne
       title: Library Instruction: A Bibliography (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 1415
      flesch: 58
     summary: Deborah Lockwood in her book, a bibli- ography on library instruction of that title, sets forth criteria for her selection of titles from the sometimes overwhelming number of works on the subject. Ronald Tschudi prepared PROBE , a batch process for Indiana Uni- versity.
    keywords: library; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13375.pdf
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        item: #2122 of 5668
          id: crl-13378
      author: Hall, Alice W.
       title: Using the Mathematical Literature: A Practical Guide (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 1379
      flesch: 55
     summary: With this sequence you can access almost 200 years of mathematics literature. Altogether this is a useful and practical guide to mathematics literature.
    keywords: libraries; literature; mathematics
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        item: #2123 of 5668
          id: crl-13379
      author: Krek, Miroslav
       title: Subject Collections in European Libraries; Research Libraries and Collections in the United Kingdom: A Selective Inventory and Guide (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 689
      flesch: 64
     summary: The Roberts and others work, on the other hand, arranges the selection of UK li- braries in alphabetic order in four groups: (1) national, specialist, and public libraries, (2) university libraries, (3) polytechnic libraries, (4) Scottish central institutions. Lewanski believes in a strict subject ap- proach as defined by the eighteenth edition of the Dewey Decimal Classification, which necessitates the repetition of information on libraries that may be strong in more than one subject.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #2124 of 5668
          id: crl-13380
      author: Butler, Meredith A.
       title: Library and Information Services for Handicapped Individuals; "Library Services for the Adult Handicapped: An Institute for training in Librarianship, October 9-14, 1977, School of Library and Information Science, State University of New York at Albany" (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 2054
      flesch: 60
     summary: The contents move from a his- torical perspective on library services to this group: the psychology of the disabled, at- titudes toward the handicapped , legislation affecting them , the legislative basis of fed- eral support for public library services, the art of helping, to specific examples of re- sources for use, services offered, design of libraries , and reviews of programs of service currently offered in several regions of New York State. As a professional long dedicated to serv- ing the needs of handicapped individuals and helping others to recognize the impor- tance of library service to the handicapped, Kieth Wright has been an eloquent spokes- man for the rights and requirements of that largely overlooked minority in our society.
    keywords: handicapped; libraries; library
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        item: #2125 of 5668
          id: crl-13381
      author: Talbot, Richard J.
       title: Circulation Systems: The Options (Book Review)
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 1345
      flesch: 56
     summary: It is tempting to describe this report by Richard Boss on circulation systems as Everything you ever wanted to know about ... etc., but that simply isn' t true, as the author would be the first to admit. The market for circulation systems is very dynamic and subject to rapid change.
    keywords: circulation; library; systems
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        item: #2126 of 5668
          id: crl-13382
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1979-07-01
       words: 4766
      flesch: 66
     summary: Library organization and structure are concerned with the centralization of library services within the uni- versity, and the functional arrangement of activi- ties within the library. Regulations for the election of officers, holding meetings , dues collection , committees and coun- cils , and responsibilities of library faculty are de- fined .
    keywords: available; guide; information; isbn; libraries; library; univ
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13382.pdf
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        item: #2127 of 5668
          id: crl-13383
      author: Tsien, Tsuen-Hsuin
       title: Trends in Collection Building for East Asian Studies in American Libraries
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 6901
      flesch: 58
     summary: THE PERIOD OF SYSTEMATIC DEVELOPMENT, 1920-1945 The growth of East Asian collections dur- ing the period from 1920 to 1945, between the two world wars, marked the second stage of development. 10 The growth of East Asian collections indicates a trend toward doubling in size every ten years be- tween 1930 and 1955 and every twelve to fifteen years between 1955 and 1975.
    keywords: asian; chinese; collection; east; libraries; library; university; volumes
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13383.pdf
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        item: #2128 of 5668
          id: crl-13385
      author: Trueswell, Richard W.
       title: The Uses and Limitations of Trueswell: A Comment
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 987
      flesch: 59
     summary: It is unfortunate that there are people who interpret my work as encouraging speculation that library service as American colleges and universities have known it is an extravagance. studies conducted over a period of ten years in five libraries.
    keywords: sargent
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        item: #2129 of 5668
          id: crl-13387
      author: Straus, Annabel
       title: College and University Archives: Three Decades of Development
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 5469
      flesch: 61
     summary: The archivist acknowledges that there are problems when you try to create a research center out of an archive; yet he finds that college archives are mines of his- torical treasure that can be exploited with- out interfering with the bread-and-butter functions of records management. A WINDOW ON AMERICAN SOCIETI Having come this far , it is now easier to see the potential for college archives as a window on American society.
    keywords: archives; college; records; research; university; university archives
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13387.pdf
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        item: #2130 of 5668
          id: crl-13388
      author: Lanier, Don; Anderson, Glenn
       title: Gift Books and Appraisals
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 2495
      flesch: 61
     summary: Because book appraisal retains , after the appropriate sources are employed , those elements of subjective judgment found in any art, it is unlikely that standardization will eliminate the need to make individual judgments. A determination of fair market value is more complex than it would first appear to be.
    keywords: appraisal; books; value
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13388.pdf
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        item: #2131 of 5668
          id: crl-13389
      author: Clever, Elaine C.
       title: Using Indexes as "Memory Assists"
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 3553
      flesch: 68
     summary: Long familiar- ity with SSHI subject headings and terms might have improved the showing for the effort expended on list A but would have made no difference for list B. As far as this study goes, the results seem to show that SSHI is designed more for straight subject searching than for assisting in the retrieval of specific items. This study attempts to dis- cover whether the Wilson Social Sciences Index and the Wilson Humanities ·Index (herein referred to as one index, SSHI) can be used to conduct searches for specific journal articles when title, or approximate title, is known but neither author or journal can be readily called to mind.
    keywords: list; ssci; sshi
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        item: #2132 of 5668
          id: crl-13390
      author: Leighton, Philip D.
       title: The Stanford Flood
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 5569
      flesch: 72
     summary: This obviously wet ma- terial was packed in boxes, spine down, single layer, with a sheet of freezer paper inserted between the volumes. pletely wrapped with freezer paper (a step we later learned was not necessary).
    keywords: books; flood; freezer; library; materials; stanford; water
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13390.pdf
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        item: #2133 of 5668
          id: crl-13391
      author: Johnson, Irma Y.
       title: Into the Information Age: A Perspective for Federal Action on Information (Book Review)
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 1158
      flesch: 55
     summary: It is well organized for readers with even a minimum of time and of previous knowl- edge or concern with policy problems of in- formation transfer. Three modes of information transfer are considered in historical order: discipline-based, mission-based, and problem-based.
    keywords: federal; information; libraries
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        item: #2134 of 5668
          id: crl-13394
      author: Swartzburg, Susan G.
       title: Reader in the History of Books and Printing (Book Review)
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 2371
      flesch: 63
     summary: For those libraries which already own the annual vo.lumes, the 5- YEAR CUMULATIONS offer access to thousands of new items not previously indexed. Send for your booklet about lSI's 5- YEAR CUMULATIONS: The two SSCI 5-YEAR CUMULATIONS offer great benefits to you and your li- brary.
    keywords: book; cumulations; libraries; mcmurtrie
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13394.pdf
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        item: #2135 of 5668
          id: crl-13395
      author: Laidlaw, Sheila M.
       title: Reader in Undergraduate Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 1386
      flesch: 61
     summary: For, as Davis says in the one quote Wilkinson gives from a later arti- cle, undergraduate libraries are not a nos- trum for many of the ills presently besetting academic libraries. Three series of information guides produced in the United States are also de- scribed.
    keywords: information; library
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        item: #2136 of 5668
          id: crl-13396
      author: Pound, Mary
       title: Information Guides: A Survey of Subject Guides to Sources of Information Produced by Library and Information Services in the United Kingdom (Book Review)
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 658
      flesch: 61
     summary: Three series of information guides produced in the United States are also de- scribed. Useful even beyond survey results for U.K. librarians is an appendix indexing sub- jects covered by information guides with reference to issuing institutions.
    keywords: guides
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        item: #2137 of 5668
          id: crl-13397
      author: Cassata, Mary B.
       title: Progress in Communication Sciences (Book Review)
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 1743
      flesch: 66
     summary: A survey of 1,600 library and information services in the United Kingdom by Aslib in 1977 investigated the form and range of production of brief printed subject guides to sources of information. Three series of information guides produced in the United States are also de- scribed.
    keywords: guides; information; isbn; pages
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        item: #2138 of 5668
          id: crl-13398
      author: Martin, Murray S.
       title: Requiem for the Card Catalog: Management Issues in Automated Cataloging (Book Review)
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 1329
      flesch: 62
     summary: • French Books before 1601 • Scandinavian Culture • 18th Century English Literature • Victorian Fiction • Literature of Folklore • Hispanic Culture Send for catalog and title information today. Together these concepts could mean , if properly un- derstood and applied, a revolution in librar- ianship, since they imply a totally new way of looking at bibliographic data.
    keywords: catalog; information; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13398.pdf
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        item: #2139 of 5668
          id: crl-13400
      author: Healy, Barbara R.
       title: Industrial Relations and Personnel Management: Selected Information Sources (Book Review)
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 1402
      flesch: 61
     summary: Despite the cost of this fourth edition of The Oral History Collection of Columbia University , all libraries and other organiza- tions serving researchers and those in- terested in oral history projects will want to ad.d this volume to their reference collections.-Martha Chambers, State Uni- versity of New York, College at Oneonta. Oral history in the modern sense, both as term and concept, dates from May 18, 1948, when Allan Nevins of Columbia conducted his first interview with New York City banker and civic leader George McAneny.
    keywords: history; library; oral
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13400.pdf
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        item: #2140 of 5668
          id: crl-13401
      author: Bullard, Gregory N.
       title: Problems and Failures in Library Automation (Book Review)
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 1417
      flesch: 61
     summary: Urbana-Champaign: Uni- versity of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science, 1979. She points Recent Publications I 4 77 out that the disparity between the literature of failure and the number of known or sus- pected disasters in library automation suggests an overwhelming reluctance or even a constitutional inability on the part of most of us to document our misadventures in automation.
    keywords: freedom; library; university
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        item: #2141 of 5668
          id: crl-13403
      author: Bruntjen, Scott
       title: New Perspectives for Reference Service in Academic Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 2260
      flesch: 70
     summary: PAGES PRICE Alexander X·RAY DIFFRACTION METHODS IN POLYMER SCIENCE 1969 100 pp. $9.50 Buckley TECHNIQUES OF PROCESS CONTROL 1964 315 pp.
    keywords: library; prep; vol
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13403.pdf
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        item: #2142 of 5668
          id: crl-13404
      author: Asher, Catherine
       title: Toward a California Document Conservation Program (Book Review)
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 1392
      flesch: 56
     summary: In a discussion of what this work is not, it may also be useful to state that it is not about all aspects of reference service in academic libraries. There are recom- mendations for quantitative and qualitative surveys of California library collections that would determine the specific nature of the regional center.
    keywords: conservation; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13404.pdf
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        item: #2143 of 5668
          id: crl-13407
      author: Zipkowitz, Fay
       title: Minicomputers in Libraries, 1979-80 (Book Review)
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 1504
      flesch: 59
     summary: Chapter 12 considers the library Operating within a Parent Institution; chapter 13 describes Fund Raising for University Libraries; and chapter 14, Three Case Studies, consists of fund-raising programs carried out by three different kinds of libraries. Frame 125 yields the answer H. G. Wells, under the provisions of rule 22.1, which states that a personal name should be one by which the author is com- monly known. LC has announced, however, that it will adopt the options on forenames and dates in rules 22.16A and 22.18 in cases where the necessary information is readily available (LC Information Bulletin, July 21, 1978, p.426).
    keywords: book; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13407.pdf
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        item: #2144 of 5668
          id: crl-13409
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 1406
      flesch: 61
     summary: Jo Bell Whitlatch has noticed an error in our logic: not all requests for the tQp twenty titles may be for the twenty most recent years. Given the newspaper titles cited in the article, it would appear likely that some of the twenty title requests would be for newspapers older than twenty years and that some of the requests for the most recent twenty years would be for titles that are not in the top twenty.
    keywords: percent; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13409.pdf
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        item: #2145 of 5668
          id: crl-13410
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1979-09-01
       words: 6538
      flesch: 65
     summary: Santa Barbara: University Library, Univ. of California. Special counseling early in high school to students with demon- strated academic ability, special counseling and special library services in community colleges, and greater attention to the educational needs of students with total and moderate hearing im- pairment are identified as three factors that influ- ence success.
    keywords: available; book; college; guide; information; isbn; libraries; library; services; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13410.pdf
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        item: #2146 of 5668
          id: crl-13411
      author: Drake, Miriam A.
       title: Managing Innovation in Academic Libraries
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 5043
      flesch: 53
     summary: They may be unsympathetic to library innovation because of focus on input and fail to see the contribution to output. McAnally and Downs observed in 1973 that library staff ranked second out of five in the growing pressures on library directors.
    keywords: change; information; innovation; libraries; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13411.pdf
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        item: #2147 of 5668
          id: crl-13412
      author: McGrath, William E.; Simon, Donald J.; Bullard, Evelyn
       title: Ethnocentricity and Cross-Disciplinary Circulation
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 4794
      flesch: 57
     summary: Percentage of books in a discipline charged out by stu- dents majoring in other disciplines was defined as the supportiveness of that discipline. 2. Which subject areas are most support- ive in that they are most heavily used by graduate and undergraduate students in other disciplines, and to what extent?
    keywords: books; graduate; major; students; subjects; undergraduate
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13412.pdf
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        item: #2148 of 5668
          id: crl-13413
      author: Gorman, Michael; Hotsinpiller, Jami
       title: ISBD: Aid or Barrier to Understanding?
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 2868
      flesch: 72
     summary: 6 6 0 + 16. 15 20 +5 + 17. 9 8 -1 TOTAL 176 207 15 quicker AVERAGE 8 9 responses from RESPONSE ISBD descriptions • + = ISBD more correct; 0 = Equal correctness; - = Non-ISBD more correct. This en- sured that each person questioned was asked questions relating to both ISBD and non-ISBD descriptions .
    keywords: book; english; isbd; questions
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13413.pdf
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        item: #2149 of 5668
          id: crl-13414
      author: Davis, Jinnie Y.; Bentley, Stella
       title: Factors Affecting Faculty Perceptions of Academic Libraries
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 3843
      flesch: 57
     summary: Furthermore, faculty use of the li- brary can be a major factor in library use by other clientele, particularly students. The majority deal with the ef- forts of local library personnel to enhance library use by their faculty through the de- velopment of more individualized services; these works will be discussed later.
    keywords: academic; faculty; length; library; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13414.pdf
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        item: #2150 of 5668
          id: crl-13415
      author: Gardner, John; Rowe, Gladys
       title: Thinking Small in a Big Way
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 3551
      flesch: 60
     summary: Patrons frequently review microfiche reports on readers and then decide to convert only cer- tain portions to hard copy or , perhaps , none at all. Finally , when compute r-output-micro- film (COM ) became a reality, Sandia Labo- ratories invited the major manufacturers of microfiche readers and reade-r/printers to exhibit their products in our auditorium.
    keywords: copy; library; microfiche; reports; sandia; technical
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13415.pdf
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        item: #2151 of 5668
          id: crl-13417
      author: Peterson, Kenneth G.
       title: Scholarly Communication: The Report of the National Enquiry (Book Review)
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 1798
      flesch: 65
     summary: Three major elements within the field of scholarly communication were studied- scholarly journals, scholarly books and presses, and research libraries. The meth- odology of the sample study, intended as a possible model for other libraries , neverthe- less seems hardly less cumbersome and time-consuming than other methods.
    keywords: books; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13417.pdf
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        item: #2152 of 5668
          id: crl-13419
      author: Strickland, Albert C.
       title: International Agricultural Librarianship: Continuity and Change (Book Review)
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 1078
      flesch: 57
     summary: There is also an appendix that lists public library leaders and provides brief biographical information . The influences that Garrison traces also had their effects on academic libraries , and many of the leaders were also involved in academic libraries.
    keywords: agricultural; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13419.pdf
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        item: #2153 of 5668
          id: crl-13420
      author: Bobinski, George S.
       title: Apostles of Culture: The Public Librarian and American Society (Book Review)
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 716
      flesch: 62
     summary: There is also an appendix that lists public library leaders and provides brief biographical information . The influences that Garrison traces also had their effects on academic libraries , and many of the leaders were also involved in academic libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13420.pdf
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        item: #2154 of 5668
          id: crl-13421
      author: Kraus, Joe W.
       title: Libraries and Archives in France: A Handbook (Book Review)
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 1362
      flesch: 57
     summary: There is also an appendix that lists public library leaders and provides brief biographical information . The influences that Garrison traces also had their effects on academic libraries , and many of the leaders were also involved in academic libraries.
    keywords: librarianship; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13421.pdf
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        item: #2155 of 5668
          id: crl-13422
      author: Rovelstad, Mathilde V.
       title: Krupskaia and Soviet Russian Librarianship, 1917-1939 (Book Review)
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 1375
      flesch: 57
     summary: College and Research Libraries 562 I College & Research Libraries • November 1979 use of French libraries and archives , there are descriptions of the most useful libraries in Paris and a similar section on archives, both arranged by broad subjects . Appendixes include bibliographies on French libraries and ar- chives, outlines of the classification of the Archives N ationales and of departmental ar- chives, suggestions for locating manuscripts, and a list of useful addresses for American students in Paris .
    keywords: archives; librarianship; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13422.pdf
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        item: #2156 of 5668
          id: crl-13423
      author: Kaser, David
       title: Messrs. Copeland & Day, 69 Cornhill, Boston, 1893-1899 (Book Review)
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 1238
      flesch: 63
     summary: In his preface William Matheson of the Library of Con- gress states that this is only the fifth occa- sion for which conference papers have ap- peared in book form. These novels were also very popular in book form, but of the thousands published
    keywords: books; library; microfiche
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13423.pdf
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        item: #2157 of 5668
          id: crl-13426
      author: Cannan, Judith P.
       title: The British Library Bibliographic Services Division (Book Review)
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 1442
      flesch: 55
     summary: The chapter topics indicate the scope and variety of the authors ' approaches: orienta- tion needs and the library setting; mazes , minds , and maps ; perceiving the visual message ; planning library signage systems; the role of the design consultant; sign mate- rials and methods ; the language of signs ; signs for the handicapped patron ; symbol signs for libraries ; evaluating signage sys- tems in libraries ; signs and the school media center; an approach to public library sign- age ; signs in special libraries; a signage sys- tem for a university library ; low-budget guidance ideas; wayfinding in research li- braries: a user's view; coordinating graphics and architecture; architectural techniques for wayfinding; designing open-stack areas for the user; effective library signage: a pic- torial study; and technical and psychological considerations for sign systems in libraries. As librarians become increasingly more aware of the need to train their pa- trons to use libraries more efficiently and ef- fectively, the need for attractive and care- fully planned directional signs and other de- vices to guide and inform the user becomes more and more apparent .
    keywords: libraries; library; signs
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13426.pdf
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        item: #2158 of 5668
          id: crl-13427
      author: Osborn, Jeanne
       title: The Role of Women in Librarianship, 1876-1976: The Entry, Advancement, and Struggle for Equalization in One Profession (Book Review)
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 1444
      flesch: 58
     summary: Coverage includes an explanation of the federal depository library program , organi- zation and collection , the improved Monthly Catalog , data sources, and cataloging. At thirty- five pounds, the package is an expensive means of acquiring information about the profession that can be obtained from a thor- ough perusal of the library literature.- Judith P. Cannan, Washington , D. C. The Role of Women in Librarianship, 1876-1976: The Entry, Advancement, and Struggle for Equalization in One Profes- sion.
    keywords: bibliography; library; women
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13427.pdf
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        item: #2159 of 5668
          id: crl-13428
      author: Parish, David W.
       title: From Press to People: Collecting and Using U.S. Government Publications; Organizing a Local Government Documents Collection (Book Review)
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 1375
      flesch: 56
     summary: We have here reliable documentation of what we al- ready knew-that the high percentage of women librarians during the past hundred years has not ensured anything like equality in salaries, administrative responsibilities , professional recognition , or related perquisites.-Jeanne Osborn , Th e Univer- sity of Iowa, Iowa City. In From Press to People, LeRoy Schwarz- kopf, from the University of Maryland Li- braries , contributed a short explanation of regional depository libraries.
    keywords: documents; library; local
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13428.pdf
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        item: #2160 of 5668
          id: crl-13429
      author: Burnett, Ruth P.
       title: International Books in Print, 1979 (Book Review)
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 2740
      flesch: 67
     summary: 128 pp Ppb S4 95 Miller HYPOTHESIS TESTING WITH COMPLEX DISTRIBUTIONS Approx 250 pp pp
    keywords: information; libraries; prep; research; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13429.pdf
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        item: #2161 of 5668
          id: crl-13430
      author: Hewitt, Joe
       title: Quantitative Measurement and Dynamic Library Service (Book Review)
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 1443
      flesch: 64
     summary: One of the objectives of the project was to publicize the resulting programs so that they might serve as models for other col- leges offering library instruction in the sci- ences. The book has a wealth of ideas, practical details , and advice about library instruction in the sciences.
    keywords: book; library; quantitative
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13430.pdf
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        item: #2162 of 5668
          id: crl-13433
      author: McLean, G. Robert
       title: Building Library Collections; Background Readings in Building Library Collections (Book Review)
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 1301
      flesch: 62
     summary: The purpose of providing a guide to the lit- erature of library science with regard to principles , procedures , problems, selection, and acquisitions remains the same . Virtually every chapter has been changed in some way, such as chapter one-with the checklist of selection principles relocated in the appendixes.
    keywords: edition; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13433.pdf
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        item: #2163 of 5668
          id: crl-13435
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 1938
      flesch: 66
     summary: As to the question of whether the ALA is a proper publisher for such a book , it should be noted that In Search of N ew Horizons is a book about books , in the same category as Books That Changed the World. The article that I referred to from Gore's Farewell to Alexandria collection , the title of which is quoted above , is True swell's most recent statement of his procedures and results as they relate to book collections.
    keywords: books; isbn; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13435.pdf
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        item: #2164 of 5668
          id: crl-13436
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1979-11-01
       words: 5354
      flesch: 68
     summary: Since that time , var· s new divisions have been created to deal with changing needs, including the automation of library service. An assessment of literature from journals , re- ports, and monographs on criteria for the analysis of academic library collections reveals that there 582 I College & Research Libraries • November 1979
    keywords: index; information; isbn; library; new; research; washington; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13436.pdf
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        item: #2165 of 5668
          id: crl-13437
      author: Gwinn, Nancy E.
       title: Academic Libraries and Undergraduate Education: The CLR Experience
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 7741
      flesch: 57
     summary: In the summer of 1975, a team of CLR and NEH evaluators visited twelve of the College Library Program libraries. The ripple effect observed in 1975 has in- creased, partly due to Project LOEX, the clearinghouse located at Eastern Michigan University (EMU), which grew out of EMU's College Library Program grant and was itself supported for several years by the council.
    keywords: academic; clr; college; faculty; instruction; libraries; library; program; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13437.pdf
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        item: #2166 of 5668
          id: crl-13438
      author: Bryan, Harrison
       title: Australian Academic Libraries: The Incomplete Revolution
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 6435
      flesch: 57
     summary: University libraries have become the nation's largest bibliographical resource and can now lay some claim to providing resources for research. University libraries were surveyed in 1934 as part of an over- view of Australian libraries by I\alph M unn of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, in as- sociation with Ernest R. Pitt, an Australian librarian.
    keywords: academic; australian; education; libraries; library; new; research; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13438.pdf
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        item: #2167 of 5668
          id: crl-13439
      author: Bryan, Harrison
       title: A View of Libraries Down Under
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 519
      flesch: 59
     summary: Griffith University Library. Macquarie University Library.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13439.pdf
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        item: #2168 of 5668
          id: crl-13442
      author: Olsgaard, John N.; Olsgaard, Jane Kinch
       title: Authorship in Five Library Periodicals
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 2708
      flesch: 60
     summary: 3 • 4 The purpose of this study is to explore further the foundations of professional communication in the field of librarianship, by examining several aspects of authorship from selected library science journals. Also of importance was the strength of the distribution of library science faculty , which ranged from 16.6 percent in C&RL to 30.4 percent in LQ.
    keywords: data; library; percent
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13442.pdf
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        item: #2169 of 5668
          id: crl-13443
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1978-79
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 7549
      flesch: 61
     summary: Sheehy, Guide to Reference Books (9th ed. ; Chicago: American Library Assn., 1976). 54/ compilations of Clement (Guide DD96) and Heyse (Guide DD112) and to Marcel Wal- raet's Les sciences au Rwanda, 1894-1965 (1966). The latter is an English translation of the 1967 publication Gosudarstvennaia bibliografiia SSSR, edited by I. B. Gracheva and V. I. Frantskevich (Guide AA870), which de- scribes in detail the various publications of the Soviet national bibliography.
    keywords: american; bibliography; books; edition; english; guide; information; isbn; new; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13443.pdf
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        item: #2170 of 5668
          id: crl-13445
      author: Walls, Sister Alma Marie
       title: Serials Management and Microforms: A Reader (Book Review)
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 691
      flesch: 60
     summary: This group of essays offers a brief, suc- cinct overview of some of the problems en- countered by library personnel in this era of rapid change. Serials Management and Microforms: A Reader.
    keywords: microform
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13445.pdf
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        item: #2171 of 5668
          id: crl-13446
      author: Baker, J. Wayne
       title: Personnel in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 1231
      flesch: 63
     summary: This group of essays offers a brief, suc- cinct overview of some of the problems en- countered by library personnel in this era of rapid change. Serials Management and Microforms: A Reader.
    keywords: libraries; microform
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13446.pdf
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        item: #2172 of 5668
          id: crl-13447
      author: Quinn, Patrick M.
       title: The National Archives: America's Ministry of Documents, 1934-1968 (Book Review)
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 1809
      flesch: 59
     summary: Its most recent textual reference is the A. D. Little report, and the succeeding twenty-four months have witnessed .the delivery of the interlibrary loan sub-system, the testing of the acquisitions sub-system, planning for the implementation of AACR 2, the organization of the OCLC Users Council, issues concerning use of the OCLC-MARC subscription tapes, and recommendations for the enforcement of OCLC standards prepared by the Inter-Network Quality Control Council. OCLC and Management in a Medium-sized University Library, Accep- tance of Cataloging Contributed by OCLC Members, and Seria 1 ls Control and OCLC -are self-descriptive.
    keywords: archives; mccoy; national; oclc
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13447.pdf
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        item: #2173 of 5668
          id: crl-13448
      author: Sacks, Patricia Ann
       title: OCLC: A National Library Network (Book Review)
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 1420
      flesch: 58
     summary: Its most recent textual reference is the A. D. Little report, and the succeeding twenty-four months have witnessed .the delivery of the interlibrary loan sub-system, the testing of the acquisitions sub-system, planning for the implementation of AACR 2, the organization of the OCLC Users Council, issues concerning use of the OCLC-MARC subscription tapes, and recommendations for the enforcement of OCLC standards prepared by the Inter-Network Quality Control Council. OCLC and Management in a Medium-sized University Library, Accep- tance of Cataloging Contributed by OCLC Members, and Seria 1 ls Control and OCLC -are self-descriptive.
    keywords: health; library; oclc
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13448.pdf
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        item: #2174 of 5668
          id: crl-13449
      author: Marshall, Nancy H.
       title: Applying the New Copyright Law: A Guide for Educators and Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 1164
      flesch: 53
     summary: Discussed, .also, is limited application of the fair-use criteria in the areas of perfor- mance materials, display materials, repro- duction of display materials, and fair use by nonclassroom educators. The volume has five chapters: a brief his- tory of copyright (informative), fair use (51 of 115 pages of text), library photocopying, obtaining permission (portions of this chap- ter are based on the author's dissertation), and securing copyright protection.
    keywords: author; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13449.pdf
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        item: #2175 of 5668
          id: crl-13451
      author: Grundt, Leonard
       title: Bibliographic Instruction Handbook (Book Review)
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 691
      flesch: 47
     summary: Nor have they de- voted a section of this booklet to the essen- tial topic of program evaluation, as they readily acknowledge in their introduction. Also included are a brief glossary, a Pathfinder on bibliographic instruction (in lieu of the usual list of reference sources), and-to improve the next edition of the Handbook-an evaluation sheet to be returned by the reader to the ACRUBIS Policy and Planning Committee.
    keywords: instruction
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13451.pdf
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        item: #2176 of 5668
          id: crl-13452
      author: Trotti, John B.
       title: The Literature of Theology: A Guide for Students and Pastors (Book Review)
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 1845
      flesch: 59
     summary: The Conservation Policy Statement can be helpful for conservation planning in academic libraries if the policymakers are already familiar with preservation theory and practice. This book grew out of research spon- sored by a grant from the Association of Theological Schools and was tested by fire in a course in theological bibliography and .-----~·Martin's­-vress
    keywords: conservation; instruction
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        item: #2177 of 5668
          id: crl-13454
      author: Balachandran, Sarojini
       title: Mechanised In-House Information Systems (Book Review)
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 1713
      flesch: 55
     summary: Institutions cooperating in these presentations include Libraries Unlimited, Rutgers University, Sam Houston State University, San Jose State University, University of South Florida, The University of Texas at El Paso, and Wayne State University. The book is therefore rec- ommended as an excellent companion vol- ume to the many general textbooks available in this area, including the author's recent contribution entitled The Dissemination of Information (Westview, 1978).-Sarojini Balachandran, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
    keywords: conservation; library; university; women
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        item: #2178 of 5668
          id: crl-13455
      author: Chambers, Martha
       title: American Women Writers: A Critical Reference Guide from Colonial Times to the Present (Book Review)
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 1144
      flesch: 57
     summary: French point of view on subjects ;h:g~:~tf;~: :~:h:~:;: ::~ti:~v~r=fnt~~:lllllilrench language journals are indexed: L 'Actualitf/, Les Dossiers et docum6,'(1,ts aiJ\Wpnde, L 'Express, Le Franfiais dans le Monde, Jeune Afrique, Le Monde de l'fldutf,j:tfflh, Le Monde hebdomadaire, Le nouvel French Perioc:lgFtndlil''lR•pertoriex), 1978 ISBN 0·87305-122-X Li~~~ll':i,li~::Jf 285 pp. American Women Writers: A Critical Refer- ence Guide from Colonial Times to the Present.
    keywords: women; writers
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13455.pdf
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        item: #2179 of 5668
          id: crl-13459
      author: Mosey, Jeanette
       title: Women's Studies: A Recommended Core Bibliography; New Feminist Scholarship: A Guide to Bibliographies (Book Review)
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 1403
      flesch: 60
     summary: Here are listed the constitutions, minutes, and membership and burial records from scattered congregations in the Caribbean beginning in the early 1600s and the first congregation in New Amsterdam (New York City) founded by those fleeing the Inquisition in Brazil. Oxford, England: American Studies Library Group, 1979. 131p.
    keywords: american; studies; women
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        item: #2180 of 5668
          id: crl-13461
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: About College & Research Libraries
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 2097
      flesch: 63
     summary: THEORY Vol. 1 1969 357 pp. pp.
    keywords: college; libraries; research
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        item: #2181 of 5668
          id: crl-13462
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1980-01-01
       words: 2960
      flesch: 73
     summary: Art and Architecture In:.. formation Guide Series, V.11. Man and the Environ- ment Information Guide Series, V.S. Detroit: Gale, 1979.
    keywords: guide; information; isbn; series
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13462.pdf
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        item: #2182 of 5668
          id: crl-13463
      author: Du Mont, Rosemary Ruhig
       title: A Conceptual Basis for Library Effectiveness
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 5467
      flesch: 53
     summary: If the notion is accepted that libraries are unique and pursue divergent goals reflective of their own unique environment, then one must move away from a general conceptual definition of library effectiveness toward a more operational one. College and Research Libraries ROSEMARY RUHIG DU MONT A Conceptual Basis for Library Effectiveness The CQncept of library effectiveness finds its roots in systems theory.
    keywords: criteria; effectiveness; example; libraries; library; library effectiveness
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        item: #2183 of 5668
          id: crl-13465
      author: Gaughan, Thomas M.
       title: Resume Essentials for the Academic Librarian
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 3709
      flesch: 57
     summary: Some representative titles are : J. I. Biegeleisen, job Resumes: How to Write Them, How to Present Them (rev. ed.; New York: Grosset, 1976); Melvin W. Donaho and John L. Meyer, How to Get the job You Want: A Guide to Resumes, Interviews and job-Hunting Strategy (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976); I. Norman Johan- sen, Write Your Ticket to Success: A Do-It- Yourself Guide to Effective Resume Writing & job Hunting (Annapolis, Md.: A number of those surveyed added multipage comments about specific items and the broader ques- tions involved in resume construction.
    keywords: important; job; library; respondents; resume
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        item: #2184 of 5668
          id: crl-13467
      author: Turner, Stephen J.
       title: Trueswell's Weeding Technique: The Facts
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 3077
      flesch: 65
     summary: For example, figure 1 indicates that 96 percent of the books currently circulating are being drawn from a subset of books in the stacks that represent only 65 percent of the books available for circulation. Trueswelr s techni9.ue shows us that this process can be han<Ued in a less costly fash- ion by converting books as they return from circulation.
    keywords: books; circulation; libraries; library; trueswell
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        item: #2185 of 5668
          id: crl-13468
      author: Forth, Stuart
       title: Academic Research and Library Resources: Changing Patterns in America (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 1754
      flesch: 66
     summary: Os- burn notes that there is presently no appar- ent immediate relationship between the ac- tivities of collection development and the research done at a given institution; that we have failed to recognize changes in the academic environment surrounding us; and that large academic libraries have come to behave quite independently of their constituencies, which, in times of financial stress, can be an unhealthy situation to be in. In these chapters he notes the emphasis on applied research, the impact of vast numbers of federal dollars on the academy, the impact of quantification, the kinds of new faculty development, and the growth of the invisible college, that informal com- munication network that flourishes whether libraries do or do not.
    keywords: libraries; new; research
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        item: #2186 of 5668
          id: crl-13469
      author: Morrison, Perry D.
       title: Advances in Librarianship. V.9 (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 1284
      flesch: 57
     summary: Following is an abbreviated contents list of this excellent aid to updating one's awareness of the state of affairs in the im- portant areas reviewed: Intellectual Free- dom in Librarianship (David K. Berning- hausen); User Fees (Thomas J. Waldhart and Trudi Bel}ardo); Paraprofessional Li- brary Employees (Charles W. Evans); Measuring Library Effectiveness (Rose- mary Ruhig Du Mont and Paul F. Du Mont); Operations Research in Libraries (Abraham Bookstein and Karl Kocher); Funding for Research in Librarianship (George W. Whitbeck, Jean Major, and Herbert S. White); Medical Librarianship (Donald D. Hendricks); and Australian Li- brary Service (Carmel Maguire).-Perry D. Morrison, University of Oregon, Eugene. Proceedings of Annual Congresses of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science, now available: • from 1970 (42nd Congress) onwards, on diazo microfiche at 24x reduction •with author index (1970-76)
    keywords: advances; librarianship
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        item: #2187 of 5668
          id: crl-13470
      author: Ring, Daniel F.
       title: Materials & Methods for History Research (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 2051
      flesch: 58
     summary: 0 ~ UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS RoomA-3315 New York, N.Y. 10017 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS Palais des Nations 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland grams, history courses with a research focus, one- or two-credit historical biblio- graphical courses, graduate library courses, and independent or general study courses as appropriate settings. Proceedings of a Meeting Held at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, March 31 and April 1, 1978.
    keywords: history; library; research; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13470.pdf
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        item: #2188 of 5668
          id: crl-13471
      author: Geary, James W.
       title: SPINDEX Users Conference (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 1437
      flesch: 62
     summary: College and Research Libraries grams, history courses with a research focus, one- or two-credit historical biblio- graphical courses, graduate library courses, and independent or general study courses as appropriate settings. The list of fantasy collections in the U.S. and Canada is useful but far from complete.
    keywords: fantasy; spindex; university
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        item: #2189 of 5668
          id: crl-13474
      author: Holley, Edward G.
       title: Museums in Motion: An Introduction to the History and Functions of Museums (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 1712
      flesch: 56
     summary: Recog- nizing the elitist nature of museums (as is true of most libraries), the author is also concerned about how to enlarge the audi- ence for museum programs. In his opening chapter, Alexander dis- cusses What Is a Museum? and he then proceeds to discuss art, natural history, sci:- ence and technology, and history museums in separate chapters, with another chapter on botanical gardens and zoos.
    keywords: alexander; libraries; museum
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13474.pdf
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        item: #2190 of 5668
          id: crl-13475
      author: Helzer, Charles
       title: Authors by Profession (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 1342
      flesch: 62
     summary: Within this economically oriented con- text, Bonham-Carter chronicles the long, frequently aimless, evolution from the pe- riod when authors, either as depende~ts of patrons or as frenzied hacks, producing and selling their writings like piecework, were virtually without an identity, on to the breakthrough of the 1700s when novelists like Richardson, Fielding, and Smollett found a readership so wide that the pub- lisher was obliged to recognize at least the successful author as an economic coequal, ending with what occupies a full half of the book, the years between the founding of the Society of Authors in 1884 and the passage of the Copyright Act of 1911. Authors by Profes- sion.
    keywords: authors; book
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        item: #2191 of 5668
          id: crl-13477
      author: Brodman, Estelle
       title: The Osler Library (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 1429
      flesch: 62
     summary: The Osler Library is thus more than just Osler's collection: besides the Francis library, al- ready mentioned, it has been ~iven all the papers used by Cushing in writing his fa- mous Life of Sir William Osler; a large col- lection of Sinhalese medical olas and books on ophthalmology by Dr. Casey Wood; the Frank Dawson Adams collection in the his- tory of science and medicine; engravings and portraits from the Kalz collection formed in Czechoslovakia in the nineteenth century; other forms of pictures in the great collection of the cancer expert, Dr. John Howell Evans; manuscripts (including the famous poem In Flanders Fields) by the Montreal General Hospital pathologist Dr. John McCrae; as well as all the books in the McGill University Medical Library pub- lished before 1850. No author is given, but whoever was responsible for the grace- ful prose and the magnificent illustrations should be encouraged to do the same thing for other libraries elsewhere.
    keywords: appraisal; library; osler
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        item: #2192 of 5668
          id: crl-13478
      author: Pasternack, Howard
       title: Automated Library Circulation Systems, 1979-80. 2d ed (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 1087
      flesch: 62
     summary: Markuson's landmark 1975 analysis in Library Technology Reports was followed by Scholz (1977) and Boss (1979). All, however, are covered with greater clar- ity, objectivity, and detail in Boss' study for Library Technology Reports.*
    keywords: library; systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13478.pdf
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        item: #2193 of 5668
          id: crl-13481
      author: McKinstry, E. Richard
       title: Documentation of Collections (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 1178
      flesch: 58
     summary: I 165 and staging exhibitions; they help in deter- mining monetary values for insurance pur- poses; they provide for both casual and de- tailed study of art objects; and they are in- structive in the care, maintenance, and con- servation of materials that may be consid- ered antique. arts collec- tions, fine arts collection s, folk arts and crafts collections, and historical organiza- tions.
    keywords: collections; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13481.pdf
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        item: #2194 of 5668
          id: crl-13483
      author: White, Herbert S.
       title: Communication: The Essence of Science. Facilitating Information Exchange among Librarians, Scientists, Engineers and Students (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 1261
      flesch: 61
     summary: As a social sci- entist, Garvey argues that librarians as fel- low social scientists should be able to adapt their practices to the needs and preferences of their users. Jacob Cohen and Ken- neth W. Leeson marshal an array of pre- viously published statistics to confirm some propositions that most academic librarians know all too well: library budgets have de-
    keywords: book; librarians
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13483.pdf
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        item: #2195 of 5668
          id: crl-13484
      author: Burr, Robert L.
       title: The Economics of Academic Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 1811
      flesch: 55
     summary: New ways of financing library services will have to be found. Despite the meth- odological problems that Cooper recognizes, including the difficulty of measuring many forms of library output, assigning appropri- ate weights to different kinds of output, and recognizing differences in the quality of output, this is an important study, which alone justifies the purchase of the volume.
    keywords: guidelines; library; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13484.pdf
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        item: #2196 of 5668
          id: crl-13491
      author: Gration, Selby U.
       title: Designing and Space Planning for Libraries: A Behavioral Guide (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 1917
      flesch: 59
     summary: I 177 and the rest of Europe does not seem to be aware of the extent of the vast and sprawl- ing experimentation in library buildings that was generated in the United States by about five billion dollars' worth of construction during the 1960s. Those such as Keyes Metcalf s detailed and lengthy volume on academic library build- ings have been heavily used as the source for everything we always wanted to know 176 I CoUege & Research Libraries • March 1980 about library construction.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13491.pdf
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        item: #2197 of 5668
          id: crl-13492
      author: Mason, Ellsworth
       title: Library Buildings (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 1418
      flesch: 59
     summary: I 177 and the rest of Europe does not seem to be aware of the extent of the vast and sprawl- ing experimentation in library buildings that was generated in the United States by about five billion dollars' worth of construction during the 1960s. While I do not rec- ommend it for many things, I certainly rec- ommend the second half of the twentieth century for its achievements in kno~ledge of library construction.
    keywords: libraries; library; map
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        item: #2198 of 5668
          id: crl-13493
      author: Rift, Leo R.
       title: Microforms Management in Special Libraries: A Reader (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 702
      flesch: 60
     summary: The authors are associated with law, music , map , busi- ness , hospital, local history, education, sci- ence, and engineering libraries. of Cartography ; Joan Winearls of the University of Toronto de- scribes map collections and map librar- ianship in Canada; Ib Kejlbo of the Royal Danish Library describes map libraries in Denmark ; Edmond Pognon of the Bib- liotheque
    keywords: library; map
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13493.pdf
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        item: #2199 of 5668
          id: crl-13494
      author: Post, J. B.
       title: The Map Librarian in the Modern World (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 1354
      flesch: 60
     summary: To state the obvious, thi~ work belongs in map libraries and in the libraries of schools of librarianship. Within its sphere of limited appeal, this is a valuable work , describing several map collections and giving a feel for the present state of an aspect of librarianship, that has yet to reach the full heights of its achievements.
    keywords: libraries; library; map
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13494.pdf
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        item: #2200 of 5668
          id: crl-13495
      author: Zink, Steven D.
       title: A Guide to Publications of the Executive Branch (Book Review)
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 1360
      flesch: 59
     summary: The objective of the system was to increase efficiency by means of three major components: (1) the use of OCLC as the principal locator source with telefacsimile machines to relay requests directly from borrow- ing to lending library; (2) the use of a central re- source library (Cleveland Public) to screen all re- quests for which OCLC did not provide a poten- tial lending library; and (3) the use of referral cir- cuit utilizing telefacsimile to route the remaining unfilled requests among member libraries. As a first step toward resource sharing among libraries in the Cleveland Area
    keywords: agency; libraries; library
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        item: #2201 of 5668
          id: crl-13497
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1980-03-01
       words: 9507
      flesch: 63
     summary: The subjects of the core courses described are foundations, ad- ministration, information services, materials, and research methods; the subjects of the papers are national library service for the handicapped, an historical summary of library service to the handicapped and institutionalized, current re- search on library service to the handicapped, standards for such library service, employment of handicapped librarians, and audiovisual materials on the handicapped-the latter paper also pro- vides a directory of producers and distributors and a subject index to the materials. Data indicated that two program ob- jectives were reasonably well achieved-trainees increased their understanding of library services, information needs, and cooperation, and many increased their skills in information retrieval.
    keywords: guide; information; isbn; libraries; library; new; program; report; research; services; state; university; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13497.pdf
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        item: #2202 of 5668
          id: crl-13498
      author: Taylor, David C.
       title: Library Research for Librarians: Introduction
        date: 1980-05-01
       words: 521
      flesch: 53
     summary: The program committee for the confer- ence recognized the importance of research for libraries and for librarians. Academic librarians also have additional incentives in many libraries , with recognition and promotion as rewards for successful researchers.
    keywords: librarians
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        item: #2203 of 5668
          id: crl-13500
      author: Gwinn, Nancy E.
       title: Funding Library Research
        date: 1980-05-01
       words: 2007
      flesch: 77
     summary: Funding agents look for good ideas in their areas of interest . So , what makes good library research from a funding point of view?
    keywords: good; idea
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        item: #2204 of 5668
          id: crl-13501
      author: Rayward, W. Boyd
       title: Publishing Library Research
        date: 1980-05-01
       words: 6821
      flesch: 59
     summary: There are several widely circulated popu- lar Journals: Library journal, American Li- braries, and Wilson Library Bulletin. Such notes would keep close to the specifics of the re- search , and one would try to place such articles in scholarly journals in one's own or related fields.
    keywords: articles; editor; journals; library; paper; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13501.pdf
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        item: #2205 of 5668
          id: crl-13502
      author: Shill, Harold B.
       title: Open Stacks and Library Performance
        date: 1980-05-01
       words: 3993
      flesch: 59
     summary: as counterproductive re- sults of open stack access. Closed stack libraries were predominant in Europe until the post-World War II pe- riod, with books shelved in accession order or by size.
    keywords: access; book; library; open; stacks; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13502.pdf
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        item: #2206 of 5668
          id: crl-13506
      author: Edgar, Neal L.
       title: A Comparative Evaluation of Alternative Systems for the Provision of Effective Access to Periodical Literature (Book Review)
        date: 1980-05-01
       words: 1839
      flesch: 58
     summary: Some administrative problems of the NPC' s prom- ised configuration, such as presently- standing contracts, not discussed in the Burgundy Book, are brought out in the White Book. Further work by Palmour, Bernard Fry, Peter Watson , and others led to the conclu- sion that other periodical costs can be re- duced through some form of cooperative arrangement.
    keywords: book; national; white
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        item: #2207 of 5668
          id: crl-13508
      author: Schorr, Edward
       title: Congress and Lawmaking: Researching the Legislative Process (Book Review)
        date: 1980-05-01
       words: 1185
      flesch: 53
     summary: Each country does include many of the following topics: population, constitution and form of government, information or- ganization, publishing organization, range of government publishing, history of develop- ment, policy, parliamentary publishing, ref- For the practicing librarian, information is presented on historical quantity and quality of government publishing and its availability through bibliography as well as sources of supply.
    keywords: information; publishing
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        item: #2208 of 5668
          id: crl-13509
      author: Kerschner, Joan G.
       title: Official Publishing: An Overview (Book Review)
        date: 1980-05-01
       words: 1111
      flesch: 52
     summary: Each country does include many of the following topics: population, constitution and form of government, information or- ganization, publishing organization, range of government publishing, history of develop- ment, policy, parliamentary publishing, ref- 256 I College and Research Libraries • May 1980 Newspapers On Microfilm Exclusively from Research Publications For the practicing librarian, information is presented on historical quantity and quality of government publishing and its availability through bibliography as well as sources of supply.
    keywords: information; publishing
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        item: #2209 of 5668
          id: crl-13513
      author: Marco, Guy A.
       title: Printed Music in the British Museum: An Account of the Collections, the Catalogues, and Their Formation, up to 1920 (Book Review)
        date: 1980-05-01
       words: 1844
      flesch: 64
     summary: This book is a definite contribution to the literature on library buildings. On the other hand, it is a straightforward handbook on how to plan for library space utilization and how to design for functional use of space.
    keywords: book; information; library; music
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13513.pdf
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        item: #2210 of 5668
          id: crl-13518
      author: Kettner, Dorothy Hagen
       title: Introduction to Library Technical Services (Book Review)
        date: 1980-05-01
       words: 692
      flesch: 64
     summary: The scope of Introduction to Library Technical Services, as defined by Bernhardt in the preface , is broad and attempts not only to cover the acquiring, cataloging, and processing of all types of library materials but also to offer a comprehensive presen- tation in a relevant manner to all libraries of all sizes and to technical services personnel at all levels . It seems to me to be a perplexing time in which to write an introductory work on technical services.
    keywords: technical
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        item: #2211 of 5668
          id: crl-13522
      author: Dollard, Peter
       title: Team Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1980-05-01
       words: 1140
      flesch: 56
     summary: The turbulence of the sixties and the seven- ties altered many of the traditional percep- tions of library service. Rather than concentrating on the patterns of community services, he focuses on the systems within which the patterns function.
    keywords: library; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13522.pdf
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        item: #2212 of 5668
          id: crl-13523
      author: Schmitt, Damaris Ann
       title: Emerging Patterns of Community Service (Book Review)
        date: 1980-05-01
       words: 1050
      flesch: 55
     summary: Rather than concentrating on the patterns of community services, he focuses on the systems within which the patterns function. The turbulence of the sixties and the seven- ties altered many of the traditional percep- tions of library service.
    keywords: community; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13523.pdf
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        item: #2213 of 5668
          id: crl-13524
      author: Binder, Michael B.
       title: Supervision of Employees in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1980-05-01
       words: 1089
      flesch: 52
     summary: Another recurring theme stressed by several of the authors concerns the limita- tions of library supervisors as found in the library research literature and from their own observations . A highlight of the collection is a section candidly summarizing the reactions of five (three in university libraries) recently appointed supervisors to their new responsi- bilities.
    keywords: bibliography; library
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        item: #2214 of 5668
          id: crl-13526
      author: Lanier, Don
       title: Book Collecting: A Modern Guide; Collectible Books: Some New Paths (Book Review)
        date: 1980-05-01
       words: 2080
      flesch: 60
     summary: Thompson notes the positive influence of the Grolier Club on the book arts and gives a good survey of a number of scholarly organizations whose in- terest to book collectors is apparent. No manual on book collecting would be complete without a discussion of Fakes and Forgeries, and this is provided by Joan Friedman (Yale Center for British Art).
    keywords: book; collecting; new; tanselle
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        item: #2215 of 5668
          id: crl-13531
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1980-05-01
       words: 6499
      flesch: 67
     summary: The eight group discussion reports relate to (1) the question of segregation or integration of library services to the handicapped, (2) the role of voluntary organizations in provid- ing such services, (3) promotion of services, (4) training of library service staff members who ' MF- $0.83; PC-$10.82. Speeches, papers, and summaries of group dis- cussions from Australia's 1978 national seminar on library services for the visually and physically im- paired are presented.
    keywords: bibliography; guide; information; isbn; libraries; library; new; services; study; university
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        item: #2216 of 5668
          id: crl-13532
      author: Johnson, Richard D.
       title: The Editor's Job
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 1018
      flesch: 64
     summary: Combination prepaid subscription: Author List Master C umulation/Title Index $22 ,500*. 1978 to 1979 annual Title Index supplement volumes are also offered.
    keywords: editor; index
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        item: #2217 of 5668
          id: crl-13534
      author: Pfister, Fred C.; Fleury, Bruce E.
       title: Student Book Collection Contests in American Colleges and Universities
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 4724
      flesch: 62
     summary: while book collections often include rare or scarce items , the expense or rarity of the books is not necessarily a consideration. By the mid-1930s more than thirty colleges and universities had established student book contests.
    keywords: book; collection; contest; library; student; university
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        item: #2218 of 5668
          id: crl-13535
      author: Durey, Peter
       title: Academic Libraries in New Zealand
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 7653
      flesch: 56
     summary: However, the en- terprising nature of current British academ- ic librarianship is of comparatively recent origin, and the major historical influence on New Zealand university libraries is un- doubtedly American. This publication, compiled in the same format used for Australian uni- versity library statistics, has subsequently appeared annually and provides recent and fairly comprehensive statistical information on New Zealand university libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library; new; new zealand; staff; university; university libraries; zealand
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13535.pdf
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        item: #2219 of 5668
          id: crl-13536
      author: Edinger, Joyce A.
       title: Marketing Library Services: Strategy for Survival
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 3240
      flesch: 54
     summary: IMPLEMENTING THE MARKETING PROGRAM Once the marketing concept has been established among the staff of the organiza- tion-and that is not an easy task to accom- plish-the next step is to analyze the cur- rent situation, assess the strengths and shortcomings in the library's current pro- grams and policies, determine the goals that a program of marketing library services should accomplish, and determine the spe- cific methods by which those goals can be achieved. These aren't the only reasons for engag- ing in the marketing of library services but are among the most important and should be sufficient reason for librarians to consider the possibilities offered by the marketing of library services.
    keywords: libraries; library; marketing; services
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        item: #2220 of 5668
          id: crl-13538
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1979-80
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 7863
      flesch: 59
     summary: Following a section of general works, material is arranged by chro- nological periods subdivided as: music com- posed by women (including recording and performance information); literature about women in vernacular music; literature about women in related arts and disciplines; general literature about women in art music; literature about women as composers of art music; literature about women as pa- trons and educators in art music (and as members of music clubs); literature about women as performers of art music. Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals (Toronto, Univ. of Toronto Pr., 1979.
    keywords: books; entries; guide; history; index; isbn; literature; new; research; volume; women; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13538.pdf
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        item: #2221 of 5668
          id: crl-13539
      author: Winger, Howard W.
       title: The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural Transformations in Early-Modern Europe (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 2051
      flesch: 66
     summary: Her argument that the print- ing press introduced revolutionary rather than evolutionary change is an example. Other printing historians are cited for spe- cial cases, and the author demonstrates good control of the facts of printing history that interest her.
    keywords: book; libraries; library; printing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13539.pdf
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        item: #2222 of 5668
          id: crl-13541
      author: Kohler, Carolyn W.
       title: Documentation of the United Nations System: Co-ordination in its Bibliographic Control (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 1257
      flesch: 56
     summary: The material on criteria for eval- uating the quality of commercial slides is expanded, the discussion of copyright now includes reference to the 1978 Copyright Law, and a new (but regrettably brief) sec- tion on the use of microfiche (color as well as black and white) in slide collections has been added. As in the first edition, the remainder of the chapter contains outlines and descriptions of slide classification systems used by a variety of institutional slide collections.
    keywords: edition; slide
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        item: #2223 of 5668
          id: crl-13542
      author: Osborn, Jeanne
       title: Recurring Library Issues: A Reader (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 1145
      flesch: 51
     summary: Issue VI, philosophical questions, grap- ples with problems of professional and social responsibility, intellectual freedom, and the content of library education. Each agency included in the study is briefly reviewed, with mention of its his- tory, purpose, organization, membership, budget, programs, library, and a few impor- tant serial publications.
    keywords: issue; library
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        item: #2224 of 5668
          id: crl-13547
      author: Baker, ]. Wayne
       title: Cutting Library Coats: lncreasing Productivity and Railing Revenues (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 1398
      flesch: 60
     summary: This reviewer recommends this book for use in the teaching of information science fundamentals courses, for survey courses in library science, and for addition to any li- brary supporting such curriculum offerings. This conservatively Bound black book, accented with gold spine lettering contains an exciting clear presentation of certain fun- damental ~ncepts in information science.
    keywords: book; science
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        item: #2225 of 5668
          id: crl-13548
      author: Creth, Sheila
       title: The Librarian's Psychological Commitments: Human Relations in Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 1166
      flesch: 55
     summary: This small volume presents a number of complex issues as they relate to human rela- tions in library environments, including in- trapersonal and interpersonal communica- tion, working relationships, transactional analysis, role expectations and strain, group norms and dynamics, sources of power, assertive and aggressive behavior, and be- havioral integrity. For instance, the author includes references to transactional analysis and its implications for analyzing working relationships though there is never adequate explanation of the basic premise of transactional analysis.
    keywords: book; ideas
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13548.pdf
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        item: #2226 of 5668
          id: crl-13549
      author: Lang, Jovian P.
       title: Conversations on Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 1172
      flesch: 59
     summary: Little has changed in library video services since 1977, although there appears to be more interest in video due to the availability of reasonably inex- pensive home videocassette recorders. As a result, practically every topic studied in library schools pertaining to library trends and current problems receive attention.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13549.pdf
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        item: #2227 of 5668
          id: crl-13550
      author: McIntyre, William A.
       title: Video in Libraries: A Status Report, 1979-80 (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 1233
      flesch: 59
     summary: Little has changed in library video services since 1977, although there appears to be more interest in video due to the availability of reasonably inex- pensive home videocassette recorders. Public library video represents a very fragmented and restrained service.
    keywords: libraries; library; video
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13550.pdf
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        item: #2228 of 5668
          id: crl-13551
      author: Gambee, Budd L.
       title: The Four Online Bibliographic Utilities (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 1924
      flesch: 57
     summary: The public library pro- files offer an information base for adding video programs or for comparing current levels of service with other libraries. The Matthews report compares the utilities with a view to exploring all the considera- tions important to the library contemplating the adoption of utility services.
    keywords: book; libraries; library; video
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        item: #2229 of 5668
          id: crl-13556
      author: Watson, Peter G.
       title: The Economics of Online Bibliographic Searching: Costs and Cost Justifications (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 1452
      flesch: 56
     summary: Computer-Supported Catalogs deals with alternative catalog forms such as the automated book form catalog system, printed book catalogs, and COM catalogs. The second section uses concepts from value engineering to give an overview of the main arguments that can be employed to justify those costs.- Either the on-line ser- vice must produce greater efficiency com- pared to the same task (bibliographic searching by librarians) performed in the old way, or it must be justified by its provi- sion of added value, in the form of en- hanced library service to patrons.
    keywords: catalog; line
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13556.pdf
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        item: #2230 of 5668
          id: crl-13557
      author: Swartzburg, Susan G.
       title: A Conservation Bibliography for Librarians, Archivists, and Administrators (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 1405
      flesch: 54
     summary: These sections are taught by means of audiotapes combined with printed materials. Even with these figures, one general con- clusion seems unavoidable: A small number of highly priced indexes (Chemical Ab- stracts, Excerpta Medica, Science Citation Index) are becoming serious candidates for cancellation by the smaller libraries which presently purchase them, where usage of such indexes can be measured in the range of 75 to 150 instances per year.
    keywords: bibliography; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13557.pdf
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        item: #2231 of 5668
          id: crl-13558
      author: Grundt, Leonard
       title: Community College Library Instruction: Training for Self-Reliance in Basic Library Use (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 1348
      flesch: 54
     summary: One could certainly take issue with some of Hoffmann's predilections (e.g., his sug- gestion that library collections should mirror public tastes, the lack of coverage of certain areas of the repertory). The list of 1,250 items is recommended for large university and public libraries, but identifies appropri- ate items for medium-sized public and col- lege libraries (625 items) and small public and school libraries (313 items).
    keywords: college; library; music
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13558.pdf
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        item: #2232 of 5668
          id: crl-13563
      author: Newman, George Charles
       title: Selecting Materials for Instruction: Issues and Policies (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 1330
      flesch: 56
     summary: This book is a comprehensive, readable, contemporary assessment of the issues and policies involved in materials selection (in- cluding references to the effects of Proposi- tion 13 in California). Community groups and spe- cial interest organizations are seriously questioning the inclusion of certain types of reading and instructional materials.
    keywords: book; materials; selection
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13563.pdf
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        item: #2233 of 5668
          id: crl-13564
      author: Birdsall, Douglas
       title: Systematic Bibliography: A Practical Guide to the Work of Compilation (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 694
      flesch: 56
     summary: This book is a comprehensive, readable, contemporary assessment of the issues and policies involved in materials selection (in- cluding references to the effects of Proposi- tion 13 in California). Community groups and spe- cial interest organizations are seriously questioning the inclusion of certain types of reading and instructional materials.
    keywords: materials; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13564.pdf
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        item: #2234 of 5668
          id: crl-13572
      author: Parks, James F.
       title: Practical Reference Work (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 1422
      flesch: 61
     summary: SDI service are also consid- ered. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1979. 88, 93p.
    keywords: library; national
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13572.pdf
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        item: #2235 of 5668
          id: crl-13573
      author: Thomson, Dorothy F.
       title: The Future of the National Library of Canada (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 1247
      flesch: 59
     summary: Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1979. 88, 93p. It is a service far beyond that which the National Library has managed to provide in the humanities and social sciences, yet the report recommends that CISTI become part of the National Li- brary and report directly to the national librarian.
    keywords: library; national
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13573.pdf
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        item: #2236 of 5668
          id: crl-13574
      author: Hall, Mary C.
       title: An lntroduction to Searching and Input (Book Review)
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 1259
      flesch: 57
     summary: Exercise 6, for ex- ample , which deals with the verification of information on member input records, re- quires the reader to use classification schedules and Library of Congress Subject Headings and to modify the record accord- ing to ISBD-M. Such activities surely lie outside the scope of an introductory manual on use of the OCLC system. Ontario and Quebec libraries have been sharing catalog- ing records , trying to ,rationalize collections, and running a daily interlibrary loan deliv-
    keywords: library; oclc
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13574.pdf
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        item: #2237 of 5668
          id: crl-13575
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 619
      flesch: 52
     summary: Further study into both of these activities would assist personnel librarians in determining the efficiency of these procedures and would also help the job applicants to understand the arcane practices in the world of academic librarian selection. Readers may be in- terested to learn that the ALA Office for Research is currently revising that version in conjunction with the LAMA Statistics Section and under contract with the Nation- al Center for Education Statistics.
    keywords: academic
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13575.pdf
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        item: #2238 of 5668
          id: crl-13576
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1980-07-01
       words: 6856
      flesch: 69
     summary: The first goal is to foster the student's comprehension of the total library system, and it involves library instruction in library organization, the card catalog, the shelf- list, the serial record, and the Library Control System. Data gathered from each school library included school enrollments, library resources, library instruction materials, descriptions of in- structional programs, and a wide variety of re- lated materials.
    keywords: available; guide; index; information; isbn; libraries; library; new; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13576.pdf
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        item: #2239 of 5668
          id: crl-13577
      author: Schmidt, C. James
       title: Editorial
        date: 1980-09-01
       words: 214
      flesch: 60
     summary: Readers of this journal do not need to be reminded that the '80s will present major challenges to American higher education and its libraries. The new editor, the eighth, assumes the mantle previously worn by A. F. Kuhlman, Carl M. White, Maurice F. Tauber (fourteen years!), Richard Harwell, David Kaser, Richard Dougherty, and Johnson.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13577.pdf
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        item: #2240 of 5668
          id: crl-13578
      author: Sparks, David G. E.
       title: Academic Librarianship: Professional Strivings and Political Realities
        date: 1980-09-01
       words: 9656
      flesch: 48
     summary: The ideal of librarian-as-teacher has been pursued in its more naive guise in the form of criteria for appointment and promotions of library faculty that insist on success in teaching as a measure of pro- fessional growth. TENURE Among the seventeen recommendations in McAnally's article is the suggestion that library faculty in a university should receive tenure on the same basis as teaching facul- ty.
    keywords: academic; bargaining; college; faculty; faculty status; librarians; library; professional; status; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13578.pdf
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        item: #2241 of 5668
          id: crl-13580
      author: Metz, Paul; Espley, John
       title: The Availability of Cataloging Copy in the OCLC Data Base
        date: 1980-09-01
       words: 4127
      flesch: 63
     summary: Hewitt did point to a reduced turnaround time for cataloging under OCLC, mainly due to an escape from the inefficiencies of local card production but partly due to the speedier arrival of cataloging copy in useful form. Trained OCLC searchers looked for copy for each item, using all reasonable access points to find cataloging copy, The results of each search were coded for one of the five categories: full Library of Congress copy, LC
    keywords: cataloging; copy; library; materials
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13580.pdf
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        item: #2242 of 5668
          id: crl-13581
      author: Mosborg, Stella Frank
       title: Measuring Circulation Desk Activities Using a Random Alarm Mechanism
        date: 1980-09-01
       words: 6134
      flesch: 68
     summary: Except for the weekend supervisor, the staff was never aware which days were study days until they arrived for ·work. This paper reports ·a methodology devised to gather meaningful management data relating to circulation desk activity.
    keywords: circulation; data; day; library; staff; study; time
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13581.pdf
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        item: #2243 of 5668
          id: crl-13583
      author: Kraus, Joe W.
       title: Random Recollections of an Anachronism; or, Seventy-Five Years of Library Work (Book Review)
        date: 1980-09-01
       words: 2354
      flesch: 58
     summary: When he re- turned to high school, the family moved to Oberlin and he became the page and errand boy at Oberlin; in his words, I have been doing library work ever since except for four summers. future of research libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library; new; research; years
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13583.pdf
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        item: #2244 of 5668
          id: crl-13587
      author: Grose, B. Donald
       title: Current Concepts in Library Management (Book Review)
        date: 1980-09-01
       words: 1391
      flesch: 59
     summary: An Introduction to University Library Administration, third edition, is recom- mended for library school libraries, for the university library administrator who reads everything, and certainly for British uni- versity libraries and librarians.-Roscoe Rouse, Oklahoma State University, Still- water. Duane Webster's Man- aging the College and University Library reflects the philosophy of the ARL' s Office of Management Studies and concentrates on what Webster views as the major concepts and trends influencing library managers to- day.
    keywords: library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13587.pdf
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        item: #2245 of 5668
          id: crl-13589
      author: Laird, W. David
       title: Library Consultants (Book Review)
        date: 1980-09-01
       words: 1747
      flesch: 64
     summary: An Introduction to University Library Administration, third edition, is recom- mended for library school libraries, for the university library administrator who reads everything, and certainly for British uni- versity libraries and librarians.-Roscoe Rouse, Oklahoma State University, Still- water. The four appendixes, all by the editor and all related to library education, consti- tute thirty-eight pages of unnecessary filler in a work whose title suggests its contents deal with concepts in library management.
    keywords: education; library; university
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        item: #2246 of 5668
          id: crl-13593
      author: Willett, Martha
       title: Manual of General Searching Procedures (Book Review)
        date: 1980-09-01
       words: 1422
      flesch: 61
     summary: The authors do not provide a critical analysis of approval plans but unwarrantably assume that such plans are the most efficient and economical way to obtain books. Variations of approval plans , such as those designed to obtain publications of cer- tain presses or authors, are not mentioned, nor is there any information on foreign plans (except for a few comments about Blackwell's, ·England), a major oversight as such plans can't be built on the same model used to construct domestic plans.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13593.pdf
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        item: #2247 of 5668
          id: crl-13595
      author: Payne, Eleanor R.
       title: Library of Congress Cataloging Service, with a Comprehensive Subject Index (Book Review)
        date: 1980-09-01
       words: 2193
      flesch: 56
     summary: Variations of approval plans , such as those designed to obtain publications of cer- tain presses or authors, are not mentioned, nor is there any information on foreign plans (except for a few comments about Blackwell's, ·England), a major oversight as such plans can't be built on the same model used to construct domestic plans. The authors do not provide a critical analysis of approval plans but unwarrantably assume that such plans are the most efficient and economical way to obtain books.
    keywords: cataloging; isbn; library; plans
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13595.pdf
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        item: #2248 of 5668
          id: crl-13597
      author: Gambee, Budd L.
       title: Books and Publishers: Commerce Against Culture in Postwar Britain (Book Review)
        date: 1980-09-01
       words: 1441
      flesch: 59
     summary: circulating libraries followed by a summary that seeks to extract generalizations. As the author offers no alternatives, the book should be an excellent springboard to discussions of the problem by sociologists, librarians, and pub- lishers as to the future of book publishing.
    keywords: book; libraries; publishing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13597.pdf
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        item: #2249 of 5668
          id: crl-13598
      author: Richardson, John
       title: Michael Sadleir, 1888-1957 (Book Review)
        date: 1980-09-01
       words: 1627
      flesch: 64
     summary: As the author offers no alternatives, the book should be an excellent springboard to discussions of the problem by sociologists, librarians, and pub- lishers as to the future of book publishing. Books are tools that mediate our experi- ence with reality.
    keywords: author; book; publishing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13598.pdf
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        item: #2250 of 5668
          id: crl-13602
      author: Balachandran, Sarojini
       title: Current Awareness Services (Book Review)
        date: 1980-09-01
       words: 1286
      flesch: 56
     summary: This textbook, based on the theory that teaching reference work must involve prac- tice in answering reference queries , is in- tended for use in introductory reference courses. They acknowledge that, in effect, the course of study they advocate allows for the tradi- tional study of basic reference sources but simultaneously provides for the effective use of these titles as well as the newer ones being published at ever-increasing speed.
    keywords: data; reference; use
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        item: #2251 of 5668
          id: crl-13606
      author: Perry, Charles E.
       title: The Humanities: A Selective Guide to Information Sources (Book Review)
        date: 1980-09-01
       words: 1374
      flesch: 58
     summary: Although the purpose of this conference was to analyze the problems faced by the public library as it seeks to promote the humanities to the adult non student and suggest creative ideas which public libraries might use to this end (p. v-vi), the dis- coveries presented can be used readily by academic libraries in their charge to bring students to a humanistic approach in their daily lives. In summation he stipulates some queries that should be addressed, including one that refers to future patterns of at- tempts to serve users in academic libraries.
    keywords: humanities; library
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        item: #2252 of 5668
          id: crl-13609
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1980-09-01
       words: 7041
      flesch: 65
     summary: OUR 48th' YEAR ~=~ Mount Morris, Illinois 81054 496 I College & Research Libraries • September 1980 times Information Guide Series, v.lO. Detroit: Gale, 1980. American Literature, English Literature, and World Literatures in English Information Guide Series, v.22.
    keywords: gale; guide; information; isbn; libraries; library; new; research; system; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13609.pdf
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        item: #2253 of 5668
          id: crl-13611
      author: Garrett, Sarah A.; Luchsinger, Arlene E.
       title: The National Program to Microfilm Land-Grant Agricultural Documents
        date: 1980-11-01
       words: 2631
      flesch: 51
     summary: At the Midwinter meeting [of the American Library Association in 1974] the National Agricultural Library revived its plans to initiate a cooperative microfilming program .... Memorandum of Understanding between the Land-Grant College and University Li- braries and the United States Department of Agriculture (National Agricultural Library), mimeographed (1973), p .
    keywords: agricultural; grant; land; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13611.pdf
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        item: #2254 of 5668
          id: crl-13612
      author: Kantor, Paul B.
       title: On the Stability of Distributions of the Type Described by Trueswell
        date: 1980-11-01
       words: 1785
      flesch: 62
     summary: College and Research Libraries PAUL B. KANTOR On the Stability of Distributions of the Type Described by Trueswell I Application of rules for weeding that are based upon the unequal distribu- tion of demand over the collection require that the distribution remain stable over time. 514 I nature and use of such rules and to present a new test that bears on their validity and usefulness.
    keywords: collection; distribution
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        item: #2255 of 5668
          id: crl-13614
      author: Rothstein, Samuel
       title: The Conant Report: A Study of the Education of Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1980-11-01
       words: 2613
      flesch: 67
     summary: Given the autonomy of American universities, it does not make much sense to me to even consider imposing a common curriculum on library schools, or allocating specializations among them, or regulating enrollment in strict accordance with employment opportu- nities. The Report had its genesis in the desire of the Advisory Committee of the ALA's Office for Library -Education to obtain a good solid, constructively critical examina- tion of library education [which] . . .
    keywords: conant; library; schools; study
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        item: #2256 of 5668
          id: crl-13615
      author: Ashley, Janet L.
       title: Career Patterns and the Occupational Image: A Study of the Library/Information Field (Book Review)
        date: 1980-11-01
       words: 1434
      flesch: 61
     summary: Chapters 5 and 6 provide the methods and quantitative summaries analyz- ing MRAP' s impact on libraries and staff. The bibliography is so lamentably incomplete (e.g., it does not include Dan- ton's major study on sixth-year programs) as to suggest that Conant was not well in- formed about previous studies on his sub- ject.
    keywords: libraries; library; study
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        item: #2257 of 5668
          id: crl-13622
      author: Rovelstad, Mathilde V.
       title: National Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1980-11-01
       words: 1661
      flesch: 54
     summary: It is a wel- come attempt to identify the key issues of national libraries, such as archival and bib- liographic functions, and their relationship with other state bodies, other libraries, users, and other countries. The goals of Universal Bib- liographic Control and Universal Availability of Publications cannot be reached without the strong support and involvement of national libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library; national
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13622.pdf
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        item: #2258 of 5668
          id: crl-13629
      author: Herold, Jean
       title: Reference Service (Book Review)
        date: 1980-11-01
       words: 701
      flesch: 61
     summary: New Directions in Reference Service concentrates on public library service that advocates community information services. ISBN 0-85857- 291-X. The librarian who is conversant with the literature of reference service will find little that is new in this overview of reference service in the academic, public, and special library.
    keywords: reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13629.pdf
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        item: #2259 of 5668
          id: crl-13630
      author: Sharma, Ravindra N.
       title: March of Library Science: Kaula Festschrift. (Book Review)
        date: 1980-11-01
       words: 1393
      flesch: 57
     summary: There are chapters on Melvil Dewey, the role of UNESCO in the development of li- braries and librarianship, NUC pre-1956 im- prints, the information explosion, the role of microfilms in research libraries, and costing in university libraries. New Directions in Reference Service concentrates on public library service that advocates community information services.
    keywords: library; reference; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13630.pdf
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        item: #2260 of 5668
          id: crl-13631
      author: Harrington, Richard B.
       title: America's Military Past: A Guide to Information Sources (Book Review)
        date: 1980-11-01
       words: 1609
      flesch: 58
     summary: There are chapters on Melvil Dewey, the role of UNESCO in the development of li- braries and librarianship, NUC pre-1956 im- prints, the information explosion, the role of microfilms in research libraries, and costing in university libraries. Due to his matchless contribu- tions, sixty-two librarians from all over the world have honored him by contributing articles on various aspects of library science in March of Library Science:
    keywords: information; libraries; library
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        item: #2261 of 5668
          id: crl-13634
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1980-11-01
       words: 5974
      flesch: 65
     summary: ED 181 911. MF-$0.83; PC-$4.82 Intended to identify educational practices that have been effective in preparing Spanish- surnamed and American Indian students for li- brary careers and to describe recommendations for improving library education programs for these minorities , this study examined eight such programs through their final program narrative reports, interviews with participating faculty and students, and documents associated with program development and academic affairs . Study procedures are detailed, and appen- dixes include a list of library education programs for the above-mentioned students, a list of pre- liminary recommendations , and the use of the special review panel members.
    keywords: guide; information; isbn; library; new; research; sources
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13634.pdf
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        item: #2262 of 5668
          id: crl-13635
      author: Schmidt, C. James
       title: Editorial
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 395
      flesch: 49
     summary: College and Research Libraries Editorial COLLEGE & RESEARCH LIBRARIES Articles in this issue address persistent issues in bibliographic instruction and standards. Nagy and Thomas use an experimental design to evaluate mediated bib- lit .. graphic instruction.
    keywords: standards
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        item: #2263 of 5668
          id: crl-13637
      author: Person, Roland
       title: Long-Term Evaluation of Bibliographic Instruction: Lasting Encouragement
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 4050
      flesch: 65
     summary: r Disagree 27 11 11 31.8% of course, some university departments offer bibliographic courses in their own literature. On the other hand, a number of librar- ians argue that user education is not like other courses, that it is a skill to be de- veloped, not a subject to be taught; that I 19 20 I College & Research Libraries • January 1981 the student must learn how to learn in the future rather than aim at acquiring a body of fact-information ; and that learning to use the library is a continuing process.
    keywords: course; instruction; library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13637.pdf
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        item: #2264 of 5668
          id: crl-13638
      author: Nagy, Laslo A.; Thomas, Martha Lou
       title: An Evaluation of the Teaching Effectiveness of Two Library Instructional Videotapes
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 2553
      flesch: 57
     summary: Results indicated that after viewing the two videotapes, students in the experimental group performed significantly better on a posttest of library skills than students in the control group. Their average evaluation (on a scale from one to seven) was five, indicating that the questionnaires were generally a satisfactory operationalization of library skills.
    keywords: group; library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13638.pdf
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        item: #2265 of 5668
          id: crl-13641
      author: Cline, Gloria S.
       title: Application of Bradford's Law to Citation Data
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 4590
      flesch: 65
     summary: The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to ascertain whether the graphical or verbal formulation of Bradford's law more closely adhered to the practical situation when applied to citation data; (2) to test the appropriateness of applying Bradford's law to works in broad subject fields such as li- brary science rather than to data from nar- row scientific fields ; and (3) to identify any trends in adherence to the Bradford dis- tribution that occurred in popular library -'literature during the thirty-five-year span, 1940 through 1974. This study will attempt to explain the two formulations of Bradford's law, verbal and graphical, and then , utilizing Wilkinson's formulas , will test the two to determine which provides a bet- ter fit for citation data taken from C&RL and SLover the thirty-five-year period 1940 through 1974.
    keywords: bradford; data; journals; law
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13641.pdf
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        item: #2266 of 5668
          id: crl-13643
      author: Lynch, Beverly P.
       title: Research Methods in Librarianship: Techniques and Interpretation (Book Review)
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 722
      flesch: 65
     summary: The profession indeed will be well served by this excellent text on re- search methods in librarianship.-Beverly P. Lynch, University of Illinois , Chicago Circle . The ex- planations are clear and concise and are welcome in this guide to library research.
    keywords: research
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        item: #2267 of 5668
          id: crl-13644
      author: Stevens, Norman D.
       title: Library Kit. 10-Best of 1979 (Book Review)
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 1639
      flesch: 68
     summary: The profession indeed will be well served by this excellent text on re- search methods in librarianship.-Beverly P. Lynch, University of Illinois , Chicago Circle . The ex- planations are clear and concise and are welcome in this guide to library research.
    keywords: library; new; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13644.pdf
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        item: #2268 of 5668
          id: crl-13647
      author: Hewitt, Joe A.
       title: A Study of Library Cooperatives, Networks, and Demonstration Projects (Book Review)
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 1310
      flesch: 54
     summary: In general, however, the HEA 11-B and LSCA III were found to have had a favorable im- pact on library services, although one that is muted considerably by a number of de- ficiencies. This study is a systematic evaluation of two federal programs to improve library and information services.
    keywords: information; library; programs
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        item: #2269 of 5668
          id: crl-13650
      author: Yerburgh, Mark R.
       title: Guide to the Incomparable New York Times Index (Book Review)
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 1296
      flesch: 63
     summary: PND had no listings for Miss Vicky (Mrs. Herbert Tiny Tim Buck- ingham Khaury), Cheech (Richard Marin) , or Evel Knievel (Robert Craig Knievel) . Morse, Grant W. Guide to the Incompar- able New York Times Index.
    keywords: new; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13650.pdf
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        item: #2270 of 5668
          id: crl-13651
      author: Tobin, Carol M.
       title: Pseudonyms and Nicknames Dictionary (Book Review)
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 696
      flesch: 66
     summary: PND had no listings for Miss Vicky (Mrs. Herbert Tiny Tim Buck- ingham Khaury), Cheech (Richard Marin) , or Evel Knievel (Robert Craig Knievel) . Pseudonyms and Nicknames Dictionary.
    keywords: pnd
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13651.pdf
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        item: #2271 of 5668
          id: crl-13652
      author: Farrington, Jean W.
       title: Serials: Past, Present and Future (Book Review)
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 1162
      flesch: 62
     summary: The first edition contains solid information on such matters as who to order serials from , how to know when to claim, and what to do with duplicate issues and reflects the author's long experience in the field and her familiarity with all types of serials problems. PND had no listings for Miss Vicky (Mrs. Herbert Tiny Tim Buck- ingham Khaury), Cheech (Richard Marin) , or Evel Knievel (Robert Craig Knievel) .
    keywords: pnd; serials
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13652.pdf
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        item: #2272 of 5668
          id: crl-13653
      author: Tryon, Roy H.
       title: Preserving Library Materials: A Manual (Book Review)
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 1156
      flesch: 56
     summary: Lois Mai Chan has updated this guide to reflect the revision and expansions in the Library of Congress classification schedules as well as changes in Library of Congress policies and practices. Chapter 3 is a discussion of the Library of Congress call number notation and includes an excellent explanation and description of the uses of Cutter numbers in the Library of Congress classification schedules.
    keywords: congress; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13653.pdf
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        item: #2273 of 5668
          id: crl-13654
      author: Gates, Barbara A.
       title: Immroth's Guide to the Library of Congress Classification (Book Review)
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 1047
      flesch: 57
     summary: Lois Mai Chan has updated this guide to reflect the revision and expansions in the Library of Congress classification schedules as well as changes in Library of Congress policies and practices. Chapter 3 is a discussion of the Library of Congress call number notation and includes an excellent explanation and description of the uses of Cutter numbers in the Library of Congress classification schedules.
    keywords: congress; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13654.pdf
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        item: #2274 of 5668
          id: crl-13655
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 4851
      flesch: 76
     summary: Dissertations and Theses about Idaho 1900-1978: A Bibliography with a Checklist of Library A Brief Guide to Sources of Scientific and Technical lnfonnation by SAUL HERNER is not as brief as it used to be. Art and Architecture Informa- tion Guide Series , V.14.
    keywords: guide; information; isbn; library; metuchen; n.j; new; scarecrow
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13655.pdf
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        item: #2275 of 5668
          id: crl-13656
      author: Schmidt, C. James
       title: Editorial
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 221
      flesch: 36
     summary: Among the impressions that will be left with a careful reader of this essay is that the problem is, in fact, an apparently infinite complex of many discrete problems-of physical chemistry, of lighting design, of environmental pollution and con- trol, of engineering, and so forth. Given our success as a profession in shaping the technology of comput- ing (hardware and software) to resolve problems of bibliographic control, one wonders if we can assemble a different but equally diverse array of resources and skills to address conservation, for it will surely require as sustained an effort to preserve the twentieth century's bibliography for the twenty-first.
    keywords: conservation
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        item: #2276 of 5668
          id: crl-13657
      author: Gwinn, Nancy E.
       title: CLR and Preservation
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 15545
      flesch: 53
     summary: He continued to study what had happened to book papers from the fifteenth through the nineteenth centuries, and he began to look at the effects storage tempera- tures have on the permanence of paper. Although pollution does play a role (and in some areas , such as New York City, a critical one), Barrow identified manufacturing processes as the principal cause of paper decay ; in a later investigation of book papers manufactured from 1800 to 1899, he was able to trace historically the loss of strength in papers in a time line that matched the introduction by paper mills of alum sizing and the use of cheaper and shorter fibers.
    keywords: american; barrow; book; clr; council; laboratory; libraries; library; materials; national; paper; preservation; program; project; research; resources
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13657.pdf
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        item: #2277 of 5668
          id: crl-13659
      author: Werking, Richard Hume; Getchell, Charles M.
       title: Using "Choice" as a Mechanism for Allocating Book Funds in an Academic Library
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 2527
      flesch: 56
     summary: Using data from Choice to determine academic book publishing output is by no means flawless. This article reiterates the need for a litera- ture-size approach to book fund allocations and presents a case for using reviews from Choice magazine as a useful and hitherto ignored · means of determining literature size.
    keywords: choice; subject; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13659.pdf
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        item: #2278 of 5668
          id: crl-13660
      author: Lawrence, Gary S.
       title: A Cost Model for Storage and Weeding Programs
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 5329
      flesch: 62
     summary: When Y is greater than ten, circulation costs are less for stored volumes . For example, if the actual cost per item for transportation to storage is only $0.07, rather than the estimate of $0.70 used in the example discussed above, both selection and direct circulation costs are affected.
    keywords: circulation; cost; library; model; storage; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13660.pdf
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        item: #2279 of 5668
          id: crl-13661
      author: Bergen, Dan
       title: Why Innovation Fails: The Institutionalization and Termination of Innovation in Higher Education (Book Review)
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 1795
      flesch: 53
     summary: Levine's model is ambitious and extraor- dinary: ambitious because it attempts to ex- plain both the failure and the success of accepted innovation, and extraordinary be- cause it seeks to account not for the initial implementation of innovation but for its ultimate fate, a fate that must occupy some point on a continuum ranging from complete institutionalization to final ter- mination. The boundaries of institutional personality could be expanded to embrace the idiosyn- cratic personalities of the experimental col- leges and to allow those personalities to pervade the parent institution; the bound- aries could be expanded just enough to ex- tend hospitality to the colleges as enclaves of the larger structure; they could be mod- estly contracted so as to coerce the colleges to conform to those academic traditions that were transcended at the trial creation of the colleges; or the boundaries could be severely contracted to induce such radical incongruence between the institutional per- sonality founded on hard-core academic val- ues and the more daring personality of the collegiate system as to result in the exter- mination of innovation.
    keywords: buffalo; innovation; personality
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13661.pdf
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        item: #2280 of 5668
          id: crl-13662
      author: Laird, W. David
       title: Ellsworth on Ellsworth: An Unchronological, Mostly True Account of Some Moments of Contact between "Library Science" and Me, since Our Confluence in 1931, with Appropriate Sidelights (Book Review)
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 748
      flesch: 54
     summary: College and Research Libraries At Buffalo, the consciousness created in policy makers by financial exigency meant that the survival of the colleges would de- pend on the subordination of collegiate per- sonality to institutional personality on re- socialization. The personality of the colle- giate innovation did not make a strong enough impact on the host institution to in- spire either the diffusion of collegiate values throughout the university or the toleration of such values within autonomous enclaves.
    keywords: personality
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        item: #2281 of 5668
          id: crl-13663
      author: Runyon, Robert S.
       title: Information for Academic Library Decision-Making: The Case for Organizational Information Management (Book Review)
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 701
      flesch: 51
     summary: Computer-based management infor- mation systems (MIS ) are also needed to provide detailed library statistical data on demand. McClure examines the patterns of factual information exchange among library staff members.
    keywords: information
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13663.pdf
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        item: #2282 of 5668
          id: crl-13666
      author: Surprenant, Thomas
       title: Current Library Use Instruction (Book Review)
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 1147
      flesch: 60
     summary: The article entitled The Computer as an Instructional Device: New Directions for Li- brary User Education, by Gail Herndon Lawrence, presents a number of challenges that have the potential to totally rearrange library use instruction. The four articles mentioned above are rec- ommended for all who have an interest in library use instruction.
    keywords: instruction; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13666.pdf
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        item: #2283 of 5668
          id: crl-13668
      author: Danforth, Susan L.
       title: The Emergence of Maps in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 1794
      flesch: 61
     summary: E. Stokinger); Phosphorus, Selinium and Telliurium (Robert P. Beliles); Epoxy Compounds (C. H. Hine, V. K. Rowe and E. R. White); Esters (E. E. Sandmeyer and C. J. Kirwin); Aromatic Amino and Nitro Compounds (Rodney R. Beard and Joseph Noe); Ethers (C. J. Kirwin and E. E. Sandmeyer); Phenols and Phenolic Compounds (William B. Deichmann and Moreno Keplinger); Aldehydes and Acetals (Michael J. Brabec); Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds (C. E. Reinhardt and M. R. Brittelli). The articles reflect how the library can both respond to educational change and be a catalyst for change.
    keywords: acgih; library; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13668.pdf
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        item: #2284 of 5668
          id: crl-13669
      author: Devlin, Patricia B.
       title: Environmental Impact Assessment: A Bibliography with Abstracts (Book Review)
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 1206
      flesch: 59
     summary: Since the author has prepared the text pri- marily for library science students, much of It is puz- zling that Shoe String Press, a publisher of library materials, has omitted an index.
    keywords: book; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13669.pdf
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        item: #2285 of 5668
          id: crl-13670
      author: Ball, Joyce
       title: Social Science Reference Sources: A Practical Guide (Book Review)
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 1316
      flesch: 58
     summary: Among the current questions in the disarmament field are: non-prohferation ~f nucl~ar weapons and cessation of tests; prohibitio~ of nC?W weapons <? Since the author has prepared the text pri- marily for library science students, much of 166 I College & Research Libraries • March 1981
    keywords: book; information
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13670.pdf
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        item: #2286 of 5668
          id: crl-13674
      author: Massonneau, Suzanne
       title: Introduction to Cataloging and Classification (Book Review)
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 1374
      flesch: 63
     summary: In Nigeria, as in other Third World coun- tries, When social action is taken to create a new environment, then libraries will be a necessary part of it (Cultural Crisis and Li- braries in the Third World, p .242). This essay also poises itself on the edge between · the general and the particular by drawing extensively from a vast literature concerning Third World affairs in general and by reporting on the author's years of personal experience, especially in Nigeria.
    keywords: cataloging; libraries; world
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13674.pdf
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        item: #2287 of 5668
          id: crl-13675
      author: Tutwiler, Paul
       title: Cultural Crisis and Libraries in the Third World (Book Review)
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 668
      flesch: 65
     summary: In Nigeria, as in other Third World coun- tries, When social action is taken to create a new environment, then libraries will be a necessary part of it (Cultural Crisis and Li- braries in the Third World, p .242). This essay also poises itself on the edge between · the general and the particular by drawing extensively from a vast literature concerning Third World affairs in general and by reporting on the author's years of personal experience, especially in Nigeria.
    keywords: world
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13675.pdf
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        item: #2288 of 5668
          id: crl-13676
      author: Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: Library Cooperation: Trends, Possibilities, and Conditions (Book Review)
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 506
      flesch: 57
     summary: The first and last papers are by officers of the British Library, with Maurice Line, director-general of the British Library Lending Division , starting off with Is Cooperation a Good Thing? and ending with a presentation by Michael Hill, director of the Science Reference Li- brary of the British Library, .entitled To Cooperate or Not to Cooperate. However, this book further contributes to an understanding of library cooperation and should be on the shelves of any library con- cerned with cooperation or having users concerned with cooperation.-Frederick G. Kilgour, OCLC , Inc., Columbus, Ohio.
    keywords: library
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        item: #2289 of 5668
          id: crl-13677
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 1265
      flesch: 61
     summary: Carefully and comprehensively assembled by a staff of skilled research editors from leading national and international news sources , Facts On File's current weekly service provides the single most powerful source available for rapid news research. Order Directly From: FACTS ON FILE, INC. 119 West 57th Street, New York, N.Y. 10019 New from Noyes Up-To-Date References For Your Specialized Needs Available Spring 1981 CHLORINE PRODUCTION PROCESSES-Recent and Energy Saving Developments edited by J.S. Robinson: ISBN 0-8155-0842-5; $48.
    keywords: facts; file; isbn
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13677.pdf
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        item: #2290 of 5668
          id: crl-13678
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 7578
      flesch: 66
     summary: The implications of these findings for other libraries are discussed. ceived, annual expenditures for library materials, annual total operating expenditures, number of professional staff, reference services librarian, interlibrary loan librarian, type of institution, 3Rs identifier, and publications issued by the library.
    keywords: bibliography; guide; information; isbn; libraries; library; new; paper; series; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13678.pdf
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        item: #2291 of 5668
          id: crl-13679
      author: White, Herbert S.
       title: Perceptions by Educators and Administrators of the Ranking of Library School Programs
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 7471
      flesch: 62
     summary: The survey, which was distributed to all full-tinle faculty 11lembers at library schools with programs accredited by the A11lerican Library Association, drew responses from 56 of 69 schools, and 259 faculty members. Its dean wrote to other library schools, urging a boycott of the survey.
    keywords: administrators; education; library; programs; quality; schools
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13679.pdf
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        item: #2292 of 5668
          id: crl-13681
      author: Cook, M. Kathy
       title: Rank, Status, and Contribution of Academic Librarians as Perceived by the Teaching Faculty at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 4726
      flesch: 57
     summary: Concerning the granting of faculty status to librarians, several teaching faculty felt that the librarians' role was coequal but different: Because the library is not a de- gree granting department, faculty rank and status should not be awarded; They should be considered administrators and have the sole purpose to serve students and teaching faculty; The only legitimate faculty rank for librarians would be those with crossappointment in an academic de- partment. Service was perceived as the most important function of the li- brarians , but many teaching faculty members indicated that librarians should conduct research if they are to be awarded faculty rank and status .
    keywords: faculty; librarians; percent
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13681.pdf
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        item: #2293 of 5668
          id: crl-13683
      author: Rayman, Ronald
       title: Employment Opportunities for Academic Librarians in the 1970s: An Analysis of the Past Decade
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 2559
      flesch: 52
     summary: This study analyzed academic library position vacancies advertised in Li- brary Journal during the period 1970-79 in the categories of position type, position level, and geographical location. Administrative classifica- tion within other positions will be described in a later section on position levels.
    keywords: advertised; library; positions
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13683.pdf
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        item: #2294 of 5668
          id: crl-13684
      author: Adamson, Martha C.; Zamora, Gloria J.
       title: Publishing in Library Science Journals: A Test of the Olsgaard Profile
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 3039
      flesch: 52
     summary: Publishing in Library Science Journals: A Test of the Olsgaard Profile* As a test of the universality of the Olsgaard profile of authorship character- istics in academic library journals, the gender, geographic location, and occupation of authors contributing to five journals of interest to special li- brarians were analyzed. This study shows that while female authors are consistently underrepresented in the literature of library sci- ence, they are published in greater proportion in special library periodicals than in the academic library periodicals sampled by the Olsgaards.
    keywords: librarians; library; special; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13684.pdf
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        item: #2295 of 5668
          id: crl-13685
      author: Neville, Sandra H.
       title: Job Stress and Burnout: Occupational Hazards for Services Staff
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 4027
      flesch: 41
     summary: Libraries in the next decade must recognize the shift from a materials orientation to a client orientation and design the organization structure to serve the work flow of library services. Li- brarians rarely note that many service jobs have inherently high risk and stressful con- · ditions.
    keywords: individual; job; library; organization; service; stress
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13685.pdf
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        item: #2296 of 5668
          id: crl-13686
      author: Kass, Tina
       title: Comparable Worth: Issues and Alternatives (Book Review)
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 1725
      flesch: 61
     summary: The book has two major focuses: the first, a summary of survey results from a ques- tionnaire on personnel policies, and the second, the reprinting of sample personnel The bulk of the book, though, is devoted not to the survey results or general informa- tion on personnel policies, but to the sam- ple personnel policies reprinted from public and academic libraries.
    keywords: comparable; libraries; policies
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        item: #2297 of 5668
          id: crl-13687
      author: Creth, Sheila
       title: Personnel Policies in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 1452
      flesch: 57
     summary: What is also absent from this book is any information on the process of developing policies : who has the responsi- bility for identifying needed policies and writing pqlicies, what opportunities should be provided for staff to review and contrib- ute to policies, what are mechanisms for re- view and updating of policies, and how is policy information disseminated. The book has two major focuses: the first, a summary of survey results from a ques- tionnaire on personnel policies, and the second, the reprinting of sample personnel
    keywords: personnel; policies
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        item: #2298 of 5668
          id: crl-13690
      author: Altman, Ellen
       title: Public Libraries: An Economic View (Book Review)
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 707
      flesch: 58
     summary: The conclusions-based on mac- roeconomic data about the optimum mix of hours of operation, number of facilities, staff size, number of materials, and the impact of technological innovation in terms of cost re- duction-are not definitive but certainly raise tough questions that public officials are likely to ask and library administrators should prepare to answer. The essays deal with all kinds of libraries-from large academic to small-town public-and discuss a variety of topics, ranging from how to deal with problem personalities in a friends' group, to choosing print styles for library publications.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13690.pdf
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        item: #2299 of 5668
          id: crl-13691
      author: Molz, R. Kathleen
       title: Studies in Creative Partnership: Federal Aid to Public Libraries during the New Deal (Book Review)
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 1405
      flesch: 56
     summary: This lack of connection somewhat limits the book as a source for an understanding of the role of public libraries on the public policy agenda.-R . LC , this volume contains articles on such topics as the process of planning for the bibliographic future ; the impact of clos- ing on library organization and on reference services; past and present research that could affect library catalog design ; and opening the catalog, i.e. , making the catalog more relevant , sensitive, .
    keywords: libraries; library; public
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13691.pdf
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        item: #2300 of 5668
          id: crl-13692
      author: Lynden, Frederick C.
       title: Closing the Catalog: Proceedings of the 1978 & 1979 Library Information Technology Association Institutes (Book Review)
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 2247
      flesch: 58
     summary: LC , this volume contains articles on such topics as the process of planning for the bibliographic future ; the impact of clos- ing on library organization and on reference services; past and present research that could affect library catalog design ; and opening the catalog, i.e. , making the catalog more relevant , sensitive, . Atherton provides an excellent com- parison of the advantages and disadvantages of card catalogs, COM, and online catalogs, plus an extensive bibliography of catalog use studies.
    keywords: catalog; closing; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13692.pdf
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        item: #2301 of 5668
          id: crl-13693
      author: Kass, Tina
       title: The Making of a Code: The Issues Underlying AACR2; Handbook for AACR2: Explaining and Illustrating Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, Second Edition (Book Review)
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 1467
      flesch: 58
     summary: Intended primarily fo~ use as a library school text, this book should be equally use- ful to practicing librarians and library users. Despite praise for the crafts- manship of the new code , Lubetzky iden- tifies three decisions made dming its de- velopment that · have compromised the in- tegrity of AACR: first , a compromise on the issue of main entry that blurs the primary objective of the catalog as first set forward by Panizzi ; second , the abandonment of the principle of corporate authorship ; and third , the resulting inadequacy of the treatment of serials in AACR2.
    keywords: aacr2; code
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13693.pdf
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        item: #2302 of 5668
          id: crl-13694
      author: Sawyers, Elizabeth
       title: Introduction to Reference Sources in the Health Sciences (Book Review)
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 1905
      flesch: 57
     summary: ence qualities of specific reference titles, and too little emphasis on understanding how these qualities come into play in the process of reference work. Unlike the heavily ~ubject-oriented approach followed by authors like Lunin and Morton, this volume is divided into two general sections-bibliographic sources and information sources.
    keywords: information; reference; sources
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13694.pdf
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        item: #2303 of 5668
          id: crl-13696
      author: Farrington, Jean W.
       title: ERIC Basics; a Sound/Microfiche Instructional Package (Book Review)
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 1397
      flesch: 57
     summary: This collection of papers, presented at the Twenty-Third Midwest Academic Librar- ians' Conference (Ball State University, May 1978), attempts to analyze the symbiotic re- lationship between the faculty development and library instruction movements. This work actually presents a variety of reference questions and case stud- ies organized by subject.
    keywords: faculty; library; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13696.pdf
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        item: #2304 of 5668
          id: crl-13697
      author: Lougee, Wendy Pradt
       title: Library Instruction and Faculty Development: Growth Opportunities in the Academic Community (Book Review)
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 1380
      flesch: 52
     summary: Whereas the ACRL publication, a spiral- bound committee effort of the Bibliographic Instruction Section, consists of a series of useful checklists, charts, model statements, and assorted papers on setting up a BI program, the Renford-Hendrickson volume provides a much more complete picture of library use instruction. This collection of papers, presented at the Twenty-Third Midwest Academic Librar- ians' Conference (Ball State University, May 1978), attempts to analyze the symbiotic re- lationship between the faculty development and library instruction movements.
    keywords: faculty; instruction; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13697.pdf
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        item: #2305 of 5668
          id: crl-13699
      author: Nitecki, Danuta A.
       title: The Library and Information Manager's Guide to Online Services (Book Review)
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 735
      flesch: 60
     summary: It is an easily usable pack- age of practical information to aid those in- te.rested in online services. John C. Blair's paper focuses on measurement and evaluation of various aspects of online services and their management; promotion is covered with helpful hints and illustrative examples in a chapter by Alice Bahr; and Kristyn Kuroki discusses the range of available training modes for searchers.
    keywords: information; online
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13699.pdf
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        item: #2306 of 5668
          id: crl-13700
      author: Besant, Larry X.
       title: Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol. 15, 1980 (Book Review)
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 2122
      flesch: 59
     summary: The editorial statement of purpose for this volume is to summarize the state of the art in online library automation systems. One paper, in Ger- man, describes the status of German, French, and U.S. online retrieval systems in the Federal Republic of Germany.
    keywords: information; library; online; systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13700.pdf
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        item: #2307 of 5668
          id: crl-13702
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 3569
      flesch: 60
     summary: Mr. Shill states in his abstract that Direct shelf access ... contributed to an increase in library use and a decrease in cir- culation. The ratio of enrolled students to library use was 1:28.4 in 1973 and 1:23.9 in 197~a reduc- tion of more than fifteen percent.
    keywords: data; library; stacks; study; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13702.pdf
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        item: #2308 of 5668
          id: crl-13703
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1981-05-01
       words: 7603
      flesch: 66
     summary: This study determines the periods of peak de- mand on library services in the Radford Universi- ty Library, establishes staffing profiles to meet these demands, and projects changes in staffing levels that may in the future modify the library's service capabilities. An overview of the university and of the library, environmental analysis, assessment of library needs, and statement of university and li- brary goals provide a framework for the study.
    keywords: catalog; information; isbn; libraries; library; new; report; research; university; use; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13703.pdf
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        item: #2309 of 5668
          id: crl-13705
      author: Branscomb, Lewis C.; Rogers, A. Robert
       title: The Conception and Birth Pangs of OCLC-An Account of the Struggles of the Formative Years
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 3517
      flesch: 57
     summary: Ohio College Library Center, Transactions: Ohio College Association (Oct. 1966), p.13. 17. The present proposal suggests the establishment of a cooperative, computerized regional network in which most , if not all , Ohio college libraries will participate. . . .
    keywords: college; committee; library; ohio; state
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13705.pdf
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        item: #2310 of 5668
          id: crl-13706
      author: Norden, David J.; Lawrence, Gail Herndon
       title: Public Terminal Use in an Online Catalog: Some Preliminary Results
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 5978
      flesch: 64
     summary: Because LCS provided two distinct types of author search but did not report the total number of author searches in the monthly transaction reports, SAS was used to total the author searches for each terminal in each month and compute the per- centage of author searches to total searches as well. For the whole of Period III the SIS search achieved a mean percent of 4 . 9 percent of total searches .
    keywords: catalog; period; search; searches; terminals; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13706.pdf
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        item: #2311 of 5668
          id: crl-13707
      author: Sage, Charles; Klaas, Janet; Spalding, Helen H.; Robinson, Tracey
       title: A Queueing Study of Public Catalog Use
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 5079
      flesch: 66
     summary: The ratio of serials catalog use to card catalog use (calculated from the means) is ap- proximately 60:40. If these correlations did indeed exist, we wanted to show how the value of card catalog use could be predicted from data collected in the circulation depart- ment and at library exit points.
    keywords: card; catalog; library; number; serials; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13707.pdf
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        item: #2312 of 5668
          id: crl-13708
      author: Hill, Janet Swan
       title: The Northwestern Africana Project: An Experiment in Decentralized Bibliographic and Authority Control
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 4135
      flesch: 47
     summary: These manuals (Subject Cataloging Manual, Descriptive Cataloging Manual, and Rule Interpretations and Of- ficial Revisions), combined with ready access to LC databases through the online computer link, proved a great benefit not only to project staff but to all cataloging personnel. 2 ·3 Our experience with these projects, com- bined with increased nationwide discussion of a national bibliographic network, led us to in- vestigate ways to test the feasibility of produc- ing a high-quality bibliographic database whose records would be consistent with LC' practice, which could be submitted to a ceo- janet Swan Hill is head of the Catalog Depart- ment, Northwestern University Library , Evanston, Illinois.
    keywords: database; library; northwestern; project
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13708.pdf
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        item: #2313 of 5668
          id: crl-13709
      author: Dale, Doris Cruger
       title: Cataloging and Classification Practices in Community College Libraries
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 4621
      flesch: 57
     summary: The dates of these studies indi- cated the need for additional research, not only on the cataloging and classification of books but also on the classification of pam- phlets, government documents, periodicals, microforms, and audiovisual materials in community college libraries. Two RECENT STUDIES have shown that the majority of community college libraries are now using the Library of Congress classifica- tion system for the organization of printed materials.
    keywords: audiovisual; cataloging; libraries; library; materials
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13709.pdf
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        item: #2314 of 5668
          id: crl-13710
      author: Weiss, Dana
       title: Book Theft and Book Mutilation in a Large Urban University Library
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 4297
      flesch: 73
     summary: This study showed that students who break library rules do not feel they will get caught doing so and consider book theft beforehand. A questionnaire study of why students in a large urban university steal and mutilate library books and periodicals identified psychological and sociological motivational factors in the students.
    keywords: books; library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13710.pdf
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        item: #2315 of 5668
          id: crl-13711
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1980-1981
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 8540
      flesch: 59
     summary: A special effort was made to include outstanding minority figures, and foreign- born women are included if they had done important work in the United States and had significant influence here. (American GoY- ernment and History Inf(mnation Guide Series , \' .. 5 ) 828 .
    keywords: american; books; entries; guide; history; index; isbn; literature; new; research; volume; work
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        item: #2316 of 5668
          id: crl-13713
      author: Scherrei, Rita A.; Corin, Judith M.
       title: Allocation of Student Assistance Funding the Public Service Units of the UCLA Library (Research Note)
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 2782
      flesch: 68
     summary: This yields FTE required for shelving as follows: FTE 1 = (items shelved per year) (minutes per item) 1. 25 X 105 min per FTE year *Sherman Greenstein, formerly the administra- tive analyst for the UCLA library, developed the concepts for the formulas described in this section . 1 The resulting equation was FTE 2 = 1,003 + .089x 2,080 hours per FTE year where x = total number of items circulated per year .
    keywords: formula; fte; units; year
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        item: #2317 of 5668
          id: crl-13715
      author: Toney, Stephen
       title: A Cost Database for Branch Library Resource Allocation and Performance Evaluation (Research Note)
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 4277
      flesch: 62
     summary: A Cost Database for Branch Library Resource Allocation and Performance Evaluation A major gap in the knowledge of the man- agement of the Smithsonian Institution Li- braries (SIL), as in most libraries, is in the precise allocation of expenditures in terms of library goals. ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM Conversations among the director, the budget officer, and the author established the need to tag each SIL expenditure according to fiscal year, library goal, object class, fund type, fund source, cost center, and benefit center (these items are defined below).
    keywords: branch; cost; libraries; library; services; sil
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        item: #2318 of 5668
          id: crl-13716
      author: Forth, Stuart
       title: Extended Library Education Programs: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the School of Library Service, Columbia University, 13-14 March 1980 (Book Review)
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 1808
      flesch: 66
     summary: All are legitimate concerns of deans and faculties of library schools. As the administrator of a large library system undergoing the trauma of dramatic change (as is increasingly common around the country), I think this distinguished group of men and women might better have spent their time asking whether library education is trying to be all things to all people, whether we have too many library schools, whether we are producing too many librarians, whether we should actively recruit Ph.D.s from other dis- ciplines, whether or not we are stressing the mechanics and housekeeping functions of li- brarianship too much, and even, perhaps, whether or not the doctorate in librarianship is a defensibl~ degree for those in practice.
    keywords: information; libraries; library
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        item: #2319 of 5668
          id: crl-13717
      author: Olsen, Richard A.
       title: An Information Agenda for the 1980s: Proceedings of a Colloquium, June 27-28, 1980; The Future of the Printed Word: The Impact and Implications of the New Communications Technology (Book Review)
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 1523
      flesch: 58
     summary: The advent of information processing on a large scale through electronically based technology raises a host of questions that must be addressed by all segments of society, as well as by leaders in government, com- munications, education, and library service. Wedgeworth and Cummings ad- dress some practical everyday matters and re- late the focus of discussion to current prob- lems in library service.
    keywords: information; library
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        item: #2320 of 5668
          id: crl-13718
      author: Gapen, D. Kaye
       title: Library Networks, 1981-1982 (Book Review)
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 2028
      flesch: 56
     summary: As a result of not presenting a complete picture of problems facing networks today (such as complexities and developments), when Martin comes to the concluding chap- ter, Networks and Libraries in the Years Ahead, she fails to include any mention of the increasingly important networks' compe- tition for decreasing revenues, the implica- tion of the difficulties of initiating develop- ment capital, governance in all cooperative activities, network linkage, and the implica- tion of OCLC' s recent governance manage- ment changes. While OCLC' s longer history may have revealed problems (and solutions) that other cooperative activities have yet to ex- perience, other networks have , in turn, their own strenuous history.
    keywords: libraries; networks; oclc
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        item: #2321 of 5668
          id: crl-13719
      author: Stevens, Norman D.
       title: Advances in Librarianship, Volume 10 (Book Review)
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 1377
      flesch: 55
     summary: reflection as an MRAP participant, I would agree that the potential for the MRAP for improving academic library performance seems to be modest at best; but at the same time I would point out that it has other values, especially in staff development, that Axford fails to recog- nize. comprehensive treatment geared to graduate students in library science taking a survey course in management.
    keywords: academic; library; management
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        item: #2322 of 5668
          id: crl-13722
      author: Dwyer, James R.
       title: The Library Catalog: COM and On-Line Options (Book Review)
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 715
      flesch: 68
     summary: Although the vendor information is gener- ally sound, such statements as BNA is a rela- tively new vendor of COM catalogs (it was one of the first) arouse some suspicion . Like most LTRs this one includes both general theory/practice sections as well as evaluations of specific vendors and their products.
    keywords: com; library
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        item: #2323 of 5668
          id: crl-13723
      author: Edgar, Neal L.
       title: ALA Filing Rules; Library of Congress Filing Rules (Book Review)
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 2018
      flesch: 64
     summary: Both sets of new filing rules will place these entries where users are more likely to look in catalogs. Divided into thematic chapters, Archivists Recent Publications I 391 and Machine-Readable Records contain pa- pers concerned with research opportunities of and archival programs for automated records, management and dissemination of machine- readable data for social research, recent de- velopments in computer tecpnology, and the ramifications of automated records upon the rights of confidentiality and privacy.
    keywords: library; records; rules
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        item: #2324 of 5668
          id: crl-13724
      author: Streit, Sam
       title: Archivists and Machine-Readable Records. Proceedings of the Conference on Archival Management of Machine-Readable Records, February 7-10, 1979, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Book Review)
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 781
      flesch: 55
     summary: Divided into thematic chapters, Archivists Recent Publications I 391 and Machine-Readable Records contain pa- pers concerned with research opportunities of and archival programs for automated records, management and dissemination of machine- readable data for social research, recent de- velopments in computer tecpnology, and the ramifications of automated records upon the rights of confidentiality and privacy. Sum- mary papers also are included, one dealing with implications of automated records for conventional archival procedures and the other with the needs and opportunities for training archivists to be conversant with machine-readable records.
    keywords: machine; records
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        item: #2325 of 5668
          id: crl-13725
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1981-07-01
       words: 3804
      flesch: 68
     summary: This report on the proceedings of the 1980 meet- ing of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) contains the following papers: On the Need for a Recent Publications I 393 New Energy Consciousness by James L. Clayton; Video: Information Technology of the 80's by Kenneth Winslow; Linking Bibliographic Utilities by Donald A. Smalley; Preservation by Pamela W . The report also exam- ines the design criteria for the patron interface, the human-machine dialogue, the search component, 394 I College & Research Libraries • july 1981 the help function, the catalog's interlibrary loan function, and its bibliography-building capability.
    keywords: information; isbn; libraries; library; research; university
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        item: #2326 of 5668
          id: crl-13726
      author: Carpenter, Raymond L.
       title: Two-Year College Libraries: A Comparative Analysis in Terms of the ACRL Standards
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 5090
      flesch: 65
     summary: Note, however, the extraor- dinary difference between the mean and the median for private schools. While the much smaller budgets of private schools can be attributed to their smaller enrollments, the size of the differences shown in the percentage distribu- tions and in the averages is very large.
    keywords: percent; private; schools; standards
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        item: #2327 of 5668
          id: crl-13729
      author: Martell, Charles
       title: Improving the Effectiveness of Libraries through Improvements in the Quality of Work Life
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 6565
      flesch: 54
     summary: The history of work system design is traced. Work system design is one of the most innovative methods that have emerged.
    keywords: design; employee; job; jobs; libraries; new; organization; system; work
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        item: #2328 of 5668
          id: crl-13731
      author: Ashoor, M. Saleh Jamil
       title: The University of Petroleum and Minerals: A Model for an Academic Library
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 2649
      flesch: 52
     summary: The University of Petroleum and Minerals: A Model for an Academic Library The University of Petroleum and Minerals Library , located in Dhahran , Saudi Arabia, is a science-engineering library that strives to maintain high standards of library service. To encourage and maximize utilization of library services, it operates with a minimum of regulations ~nd restrictions.
    keywords: library; services; university; upm
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        item: #2329 of 5668
          id: crl-13732
      author: Jones, Harold D.
       title: Recent Trends in West German University Library Building Planning
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 5231
      flesch: 69
     summary: Entrance to library areas is on the mezza- nine level. Other university library buildings have re- cently been completed in West Germany.
    keywords: areas; building; floor; libraries; library; reading; university
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        item: #2330 of 5668
          id: crl-13735
      author: Yerburgh, Mark R.
       title: The American Controversy: A Bibliographical Study of the British Pamphlets about the American Disputes, 1764-1783 (Book Review)
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 1347
      flesch: 66
     summary: The excellent intro- ductory essay clearly explains methodology, Acquisition NOW lS THE TIME TO TRY THE BEST SOURCE FOR: • any book in print • ACCURATE INVOICING • meaningful reports • rush order service • competitive discounts • ·plus many other services CALL TOLL-FREE TODAY - 1-800-248-1146 - In Canada and Michigan: CALL COLLECT (517) 849 - 2117 parameters, and purpose. V. I: 1764-1777; V. II: 1778-1783, reviewed by Mark R. Yerburgh.................................... 489 Miller, Jerome K. U.S. Copyright Documents: An Annotated Collection for Use by Educators and Librarians, reviewed by Richard E. Chapin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    keywords: american; librarians; library
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        item: #2331 of 5668
          id: crl-13738
      author: Goudeau, John
       title: Library Management (Book Review)
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 1571
      flesch: 61
     summary: There are inac- curacies about people and their relationships to various management schools in the first edition which are still present in the second edition (i.e., May Follette, Elton Mayo, Hen- sis Lickert are included in the human behav- ior school) . The book is divided into seven broad tradi- tional areas: management development, planning process, organizing, staffing, direc- tory' principles of control, and changes; not much new material is being introduced in these sections.
    keywords: isbn; library; management
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        item: #2332 of 5668
          id: crl-13739
      author: Goldstein, Harold
       title: Managing Fiscal Stress: The Crisis in the Public Sector; Essays in Public Finance and Financial Management: State and Local Perspectives (Book Review)
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 1395
      flesch: 64
     summary: For ex- ample, chapter I, Management Develop- ment: A Historical Overview (13 pages), provides a basic introduction or overview, but is a waste of time for students who need to learn dates, people, etc., as a requirement for management understanding. There are inac- curacies about people and their relationships to various management schools in the first edition which are still present in the second edition (i.e., May Follette, Elton Mayo, Hen- sis Lickert are included in the human behav- ior school) .
    keywords: management; shelving; state
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        item: #2333 of 5668
          id: crl-13740
      author: Stevenson, Gordon
       title: DDC Dewey Decimal Classification. Proposed Revision of 780 Music (Book Review)
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 2295
      flesch: 59
     summary: To assist libraries in maintaining complete records of Continua- tion titles received from Baker & Taylor. I College & Research Libraries • September 1981 are given the option of choosing from three different types of class numbers for com- posers.
    keywords: acgih; available; class; research; service
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        item: #2334 of 5668
          id: crl-13741
      author: Trainer, Karin A.
       title: Seminar on AACR2: Proceedings of a Seminar Organized by the Cataloguing Assocation at the University of Nottingham, 20-22 April 1979 (Book Review)
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 1565
      flesch: 64
     summary: College and Research Libraries 502 I College & Research Libraries • September 1981 are given the option of choosing from three different types of class numbers for com- posers. These published proceedings have been augmented by an appendix that contains two more pa- pers derived from a 1978 Library Association meeting, outlining the major ways in which AACR2 differs from AACR.
    keywords: class; index; periodicals
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        item: #2335 of 5668
          id: crl-13742
      author: John, Nancy R.
       title: Introduction to Cataloging and Classification with 58 Exhibits; Sample cataloguing Forms: Illustrations of Solutions to Problems of Description (Book Review)
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 1625
      flesch: 61
     summary: Among the more obvious are: peculiar spacing for the series statement (p.184, example2); incorrect tracing of a series (p.195, example 23); miss- ing relators (p.201, example 36); incorrect capitalization (p.203, example 40); nonstan- dard dates in headings (p.240ff., examples 41-48); and a punctuation error in a uniform title (p.217, example 58). Examples appear un- der alphabetically arranged captions, which run from Abridgement of Text to Year of Publication (in the first section on books, pamphlets, and printed sheets).
    keywords: aacr2; cataloging; responsibility
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        item: #2336 of 5668
          id: crl-13743
      author: Boykin, Joseph F.
       title: OCLC: Its Governance, Function, Financing, and Technology (Book Review)
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 1908
      flesch: 56
     summary: INDUSTRIES COVERED: Aerospace • Agriculture • Air Transport • Apparel. Health and Medical Services • Hotels and Restaurants • Household Appliances
    keywords: industry; information; oclc; sources
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13743.pdf
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        item: #2337 of 5668
          id: crl-13744
      author: Aroeste, Jean
       title: Fundamental References Sources; Reference Sources 1980 (Book Review)
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 1509
      flesch: 55
     summary: The author attempts to place the develop­ ment of OCLC in the context of the history of library cooperation and resource sharing. Therefore a significant portion of the work deals with the history of library cooperation, beginning with the sharing of resources be­ tween the great library at Alexandria and the library at Pergamum in the second century B.C. and continuing to current times.
    keywords: library; new; oclc
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        item: #2338 of 5668
          id: crl-13745
      author: Beltran, Ann Bristow
       title: On-line Public Access to Library Bibliographic Data Bases: Developments, Issues and Priorities (Book Review)
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 730
      flesch: 52
     summary: The report describes a survey of thirty- seven libraries, utilities, and consortia oper- ating or developing public access systems. The working group identified four areas as having the highest priority for immediate study and action: 1) Analyzing user requirements and behavior 2) Monitor- ing existing public access systems 3) Develop- ing methods for cost management and 4) De- veloping distributed computing and system links.
    keywords: report
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        item: #2339 of 5668
          id: crl-13748
      author: Runyon, Robert S.
       title: Towards the Development of a Library Management Information System
        date: 1981-11-01
       words: 5539
      flesch: 48
     summary: But first we need to outline a conceptual model for library data to support administrative decision making. The reason for this lies in the absence of a broad conceptual model of library data that can be used in the development of a detailed statisti- cal data system applicable to a wide range of operational planning, reporting, and re- search purposes.
    keywords: data; information; libraries; library; management; research; statistical; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13748.pdf
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        item: #2340 of 5668
          id: crl-13749
      author: Stieg, Margaret F.
       title: The Information Needs of Historians
        date: 1981-11-01
       words: 8165
      flesch: 59
     summary: In this survey, those at universities with the top twenty-five graduate programs were more likely to consult with colleagues at their own institutions on their research than other historians, but were no more ready to discuss or correspond with acquaint- ances elsewhere. All varieties of United States historians used them more than those in other kinds of his- tory.
    keywords: historians; history; information; library; research; social; survey; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13749.pdf
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        item: #2341 of 5668
          id: crl-13750
      author: Sharma, Prabha
       title: A Survey of Academic Librarians and Their Opinions Related to Nine-Month Contracts and Academic Status Configurations in Alambama, Georgia, and Mississippi
        date: 1981-11-01
       words: 5621
      flesch: 59
     summary: Seventy-six percent of academic librarians with faculty status held the rank of assistant professor or had a lower rank. Publication, research, and proposal development activities and their relationship to the promotion of academic librarians was examined.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; percent; status
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13750.pdf
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        item: #2342 of 5668
          id: crl-13751
      author: Geahigan, Priscilla; Nelson, Harriet; Saunders, Stewart; Woods, Lawrence
       title: Acceptability of Non-Library/Information Science Publications in the Promotion of Tenure of Academic Librarians
        date: 1981-11-01
       words: 3037
      flesch: 49
     summary: In practi- cal terms this meant that someone might pub- lish in a subject other than library science so long as he/she was careful to show its rele- vance to the concerns and issues of librarian- ship. His study likewise shows that the number of students who entered schools of library science with Ph.D.s in hand ap- proximately doubled between 1972 and 1974, and that there is a preference in the current job market for librarians with subject expertise at the Ph.D. level.
    keywords: libraries; library; science
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        item: #2343 of 5668
          id: crl-13754
      author: McCorison, Marcus A.
       title: Boston Printers, Publishers, and Booksellers: 1640-1800 (Book Review)
        date: 1981-11-01
       words: 1507
      flesch: 58
     summary: Among the fifteen essays, three might be regarded as history but the majority can only be regarded as perceptive observations of the growth of academic libraries in the United States and Great Britain from the twenties to the present, with great emphasis upon the emer- gence of the academic library as a large com- plex organization of relatively recent origin. Two other essays warrant careful reading by the American academic librarian: Geof- frey Briggs on university library development in Canada and a superb essay by Harrison Bryan on university library development in Australia and New Zealand with accompa- nying statistical tables, (p.306-14).
    keywords: book; libraries; university
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        item: #2344 of 5668
          id: crl-13755
      author: Holley, Edward G.
       title: University Library History: An International Review (Book Review)
        date: 1981-11-01
       words: 1491
      flesch: 58
     summary: Among the fifteen essays, three might be regarded as history but the majority can only be regarded as perceptive observations of the growth of academic libraries in the United States and Great Britain from the twenties to the present, with great emphasis upon the emer- gence of the academic library as a large com- plex organization of relatively recent origin. Nonetheless, as the editor notes, the best evi- dence that university libraries will maintain the advances made in the last few decades may well be the record of their achieve- ments in the face of past adversity.
    keywords: libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13755.pdf
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        item: #2345 of 5668
          id: crl-13756
      author: Whalen, Lucille
       title: Classroom and Field: The Internship in American Library Education (Book Review)
        date: 1981-11-01
       words: 1253
      flesch: 64
     summary: Since so many schools have introduced or reintro- duced the internship into their programs and increasing numbers of educators and librar- ians are involved, the material presented should be of interest to a larger audience than library school faculty. One gathers that prior to World War II, U.K. university libraries were well-selected, carefully targeted research col- lections primarily for use by faculty scholars.
    keywords: internship; library
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        item: #2346 of 5668
          id: crl-13758
      author: Wilkinson, Billy R.
       title: Librarians and Labor Relations: Employment Under Union Contracts (Book Review)
        date: 1981-11-01
       words: 1563
      flesch: 63
     summary: The second section includes eight longer articles (4,000 to 10,000 words) on a variety of subjects: management information sys- tems in academic libraries, the bibliographic instruction course given for academic credit, computerized legal search services, informa- tion resources (other than the library) in an academic institution, development of an au- tomated acquisitions system, participation of corporate libraries in cooperative programs, peer evaluation for academic librarians, and sharing of staff among libraries. After some introductory material that in- cludes descriptions of the organization of aca- demic, public, and corporation libraries, Bailey has a short chapter on personnel man- agement that briefly reviews some of the areas of concern to library managers: job de- scriptions, evaluation, staff development, collective bargaining, etc.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13758.pdf
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        item: #2347 of 5668
          id: crl-13759
      author: Salzer, Elizabeth M.
       title: Supervisory and Middle Managers in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1981-11-01
       words: 1400
      flesch: 58
     summary: After some introductory material that in- cludes descriptions of the organization of aca- demic, public, and corporation libraries, Bailey has a short chapter on personnel man- agement that briefly reviews some of the areas of concern to library managers: job de- scriptions, evaluation, staff development, collective bargaining, etc. Although Bailey notes in her introduc- tion that library activities are often difficult to compare with others, she offers little justi- fication for this view: her work draws almost exclusively on library literature.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #2348 of 5668
          id: crl-13761
      author: Laird, David
       title: Career Patterns of Women Librarians with Doctorates; Women View Librarianship: Nine Perspectives (Book Review)
        date: 1981-11-01
       words: 1200
      flesch: 59
     summary: The essays group into five categories: (1) collection management, which includes or- ganization, personnel, budgetary allocation, and other matters; (2) the selection processes themselves, including blanket orders, Latin American and European acquisitions, out- of-print buying, and preservation; (3) the use of quantitative methods such as citation and circulation analysis to guide development; (4) special problems arising from format (mi- croforms, media) or sources (government documents); and (5) new directions, which includes such diverse subjects as education for collection development (Charles B. Os- burn) and creativity, collection manage- ment, and development. ISBN 0-89232-106-7 Part A; 0-89232-162-8 Part B. As library budgets decline in real dollars and as· both faculty interests and the range of potentially useful material continue to broaden, the art of collection development has come into its own.
    keywords: library; women
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        item: #2349 of 5668
          id: crl-13763
      author: Lipman, Peter G.
       title: Computers for Libraries; Systems Thinking in Library and Information Mangement (Book Review)
        date: 1981-11-01
       words: 1494
      flesch: 58
     summary: Com- puters for Libraries is intended as a survey course on library computer systems for non- computer literate librarians. Systems Thinking in Libraries and Information Man- agement is an attempt to bring the body of knowledge called systems theory to bear on library problems.
    keywords: collection; libraries; library
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        item: #2350 of 5668
          id: crl-13764
      author: McMullen, Haynes
       title: Fee-Based Information Services; A Study of a Growing Industry (Book Review)
        date: 1981-11-01
       words: 1728
      flesch: 60
     summary: Boss is senior consultant with ISCI and is well know as a writer and speaker on library automation and kindred subjects. The author mixes generic explana- tion of activities such as database searching with practical examples to give the reader an up-to-date picture of library computing.
    keywords: information; libraries; library
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        item: #2351 of 5668
          id: crl-13765
      author: Altman, Ellen
       title: Research on the Impact of a Comptuerized Circulation System on the Performance of a Large College Library Part One: The Main Library (Book Review)
        date: 1981-11-01
       words: 717
      flesch: 60
     summary: This is a pioneer treatment of the subject and as such is an important reference work for those concerned with the early history of technology and industrial development in the United States. It is a record of the literature of technology produced by American publishers for the use of Americans.
    keywords: library
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        item: #2352 of 5668
          id: crl-13766
      author: Adams, Thomas R.
       title: Technical Americana: A Checklist of Technical Publications Printed Before 1831 (Book Review)
        date: 1981-11-01
       words: 3080
      flesch: 65
     summary: New scholarly and professional titles in life sciences from I E~.,n~:,JunkA~~'~c~~~'~ers LT LAKES W.O. William s, University of Adelaide evelopments in Hydrobiology 5 espite the volume of inland sa lt lake s (.OOR% of the rth's water vs .. 009 % for fre s h water lake s) very little erature is available in one place on th ei r limn o logy. There is a single index in which names, titles of anony- mous works, and subjects are arranged in one alphabet.
    keywords: book; information; library; new; study; work
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        item: #2353 of 5668
          id: crl-13767
      author: Stam, David H.
       title: A History of Book Publishing in the United States Volume IV: The Great Change 1940-1980 (Book Review)
        date: 1981-11-01
       words: 1942
      flesch: 61
     summary: It was designed to fill an information gap in relation to the litera- ture of library science research and will be of interest to library school students, faculty, and other concerned scholars. Busha's introductory essay covers the de- velopment of library science research.
    keywords: book; index; research
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        item: #2354 of 5668
          id: crl-13770
      author: Stam, David H.
       title: Prove All Things: Hold Fast That Which is Good: Deaccessioning and Research Libraries
        date: 1982-01-01
       words: 6414
      flesch: 65
     summary: His concern was the increasing flow of good books into institutional libraries and thus their disap- pearance from the market and the thwarting of the collector. Parenthetically, I should point out that the New York Public Library has a rather check- ered history of duplicate sales, a history that begins before the formal consolidation of the Astor and the Lenox libraries in 1895.
    keywords: books; collection; deaccession; libraries; library; new; public; sale; york
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        item: #2355 of 5668
          id: crl-13771
      author: Moore, Barbara; Miller, Tamara J.; Tolliver, Don L.
       title: Title Overlap: A Study of Duplication in the University of Wisconsin System Libraries
        date: 1982-01-01
       words: 4527
      flesch: 62
     summary: 1 Cooper, Thompson, and Weeks investi- gated the degree of title overlap among nine University of California campuses. Evans, Gifford, and Franz reported that the State University of New York (SUNY) Cen- tral Administration Office of Library Ser- vices used the machine-readable biblio- graphic records (OCLC magnetic tapes) of four member libraries to assess title overlap.
    keywords: libraries; overlap; percent; titles; univ
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        item: #2356 of 5668
          id: crl-13772
      author: Golden, Gary A.; Golden, Susan U.; Lenzini, Rebecca T.
       title: Patron Approaches to Serials: A User Study
        date: 1982-01-01
       words: 5409
      flesch: 75
     summary: The use of an abbreviated entry and the subsequent transposition to a complete cataloging entry was employed by all groups of serial catalog users. The problems of frequent name changes, form of catalog entry versus the patron's bib- liographic citation, and the use of cross- references were explored to judge their rele- vance to serial bibliographic retrievability, as was the impact of user instruction.
    keywords: card; catalog; entry; patron; serial
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        item: #2357 of 5668
          id: crl-13773
      author: Surprenant, Thomas T.
       title: Learning Theory, Lecture, and Programmed Instruction Text: An Experiment in Bibliographic Instruction
        date: 1982-01-01
       words: 3246
      flesch: 58
     summary: The principles of instructional design, standard research practices, and the develop- mental model presented by Pipe were used in the design and validation of the lecture and programmed instruction text . Thus, programmed instruction texts can be more acceptable to faculty- and less threatening.
    keywords: instruction; learning; lecture; programmed
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        item: #2358 of 5668
          id: crl-13774
      author: Hardesty, Larry; Lovrich, Nicholas P.; Mannon, James
       title: Library-Use Instruction: Assessment of the Long-Term Effects
        date: 1982-01-01
       words: 5864
      flesch: 51
     summary: It includes a listing of measures of association (Pearson correlation coefficients) for the four major factors investigated above- two mea- sures of exposure to library instruction, a measure of intellectual capacity, and a mea- sure of academic diligence. 14 More specifically, while many in academic librarianship intuitively feel that library-use instruction is of considerable value in increasing library: use skills, quanti- tative measures can add precision and scope to such arguments.
    keywords: evaluation; instruction; library; skills; term; use; use instruction
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        item: #2359 of 5668
          id: crl-13776
      author: Swisher, Robert; Smith, Peggy
       title: Journals Read by ACRL Academic Librarians, 1973 and 1978
        date: 1982-01-01
       words: 4851
      flesch: 55
     summary: In addition, the compa- rability of the results of such studies suffers in that reading is defined operationally in various ways: scanning a journal issue, sub- scribing to journal titles, reading for certain purposes only, etc. cated in the right side of table 2, the first three titles-American Libraries, C&RL, and Library journal retained their previous order of frequency, and showed no signifi- cant gain or loss in percentage of respondents readingthem: it was still thecasein 1978that nine in ten were reading American Libraries, followed closely by College & Research Li- braries.
    keywords: journals; librarians; library; percent; titles
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        item: #2360 of 5668
          id: crl-13777
      author: Maher, William J.
       title: Measurement and Analysis of Processing Costs in Academic Archives
        date: 1982-01-01
       words: 5351
      flesch: 58
     summary: College and Research Libraries WILLIAM J. MAHER Measurement and Analysis of Processing Costs in Academic Archives Greater control of these activities may be accomplished through the measurement and analysis of processing costs.
    keywords: cost; processing; records; study; time
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        item: #2361 of 5668
          id: crl-13779
      author: Baldwin, Julia F.; Rudolph, Robert S.
       title: Improving Student Recall of Library Information From Slide/Tape Programs (Research Note)
        date: 1982-01-01
       words: 1169
      flesch: 61
     summary: FINDINGS To determine the effectiveness of the inter- active feature on improving immediate recall of library information, we ran three t-tests on student scores: one (A in table 1) on the scores for all questions; one (Bin table 1) on scores for questions about just those points covered by the interactive feature; one (C in table 1) on scores for questions about points not in- cluded in the interactive feature. Would our results have been altered if, given the same test, the experimental group had been ex- posed to a higher number of question and answer slides?
    keywords: feature; interactive
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        item: #2362 of 5668
          id: crl-13780
      author: Rudolph, Janell; Byunn, Kit
       title: Academic Library Newspaper Collections: Developing Policy (Research Note)
        date: 1982-01-01
       words: 2746
      flesch: 51
     summary: MSU LIBRARIES NEWSPAPER SELECTION POLICY I. Definition of n ewspaper The Library of Congress definition of news- paper shall be used in establishing university policy governing library newspaper acquisi- tion: those publications issued on news- print and containing general news coverage rather than being oriented toward specific subject matter. A spe- cific list of newspaper titles, U.S. and for- eign, was included in order to compare -cur- rent subscriptions and microform holdings among the universities and with MSU sub- scriptions and holdings.
    keywords: libraries; newspaper; policy; titles
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        item: #2363 of 5668
          id: crl-13783
      author: Shank, Russell
       title: The Library in the University: Observations on a Service (Book Review)
        date: 1982-01-01
       words: 1328
      flesch: 58
     summary: There is little hint in the author's text of new futures for the university library, even though the author admits this is an exciting time for university libraries. At that, it will not tell them how to perform any tasks, but will merely offer a generalized explanation of the fundamentals and the philosophy of university library wor~
    keywords: author; library; university
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        item: #2364 of 5668
          id: crl-13785
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1982-01-01
       words: 3267
      flesch: 73
     summary: Washington, D.C.: Department of State Library, 1980. 80p . Albany, New York: The Univ. of the State of New York State Education Department, 1981. 79p.
    keywords: isbn; library; new; state; york
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        item: #2365 of 5668
          id: crl-13786
      author: Smith, Eldred
       title: Options for the 80s
        date: 1982-03-01
       words: 110
      flesch: 42
     summary: The second national conference of the Association of College and Re- search Libraries, which was held in Minneapolis, Minnesota, October 1-4, 1981, had as its theme Options for the 80s- an attempt to look at the choices confronting higher education and academic librarianship in the next decade. College and Research Libraries Options for the 80s COllEGE & RESEARCH LIBRARIES
    keywords: college
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        item: #2366 of 5668
          id: crl-13787
      author: Rosenzweig, Robert M.
       title: Research Universities in the Next Decade
        date: 1982-03-01
       words: 5720
      flesch: 54
     summary: In order to face this future effectively, research universities must seek to retain a necessary level of federal support, to secure new partners and • alliances to augment this support, and to ensure that primary agenda-setting responsibility for their teaching and research programs continues to reside with their faculties, administrators, and trustees. The main facts of contempo- rary American life from the perspective of research universities are the corrosive effects of a widespread indifference- even hostili- ty- to the well-being of important social in- stitutions; the equally corrosive effects of rapid and sustained inflation; the active role of government in regulating economic and social activity; and the growing importance of and ambivalence to science and technol- ogy.
    keywords: government; institutions; public; research; social; universities; university
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        item: #2367 of 5668
          id: crl-13788
      author: Lacey, Paul A.
       title: Views of a Luddite
        date: 1982-03-01
       words: 7289
      flesch: 67
     summary: We have had little experience in framing new questions, new approaches. We know how hard it is to go outside the limits of the field , however they are established, yet just that breaking the lim- its of the field , conceiving of new ways to approach a topic, is what vitalizes research.
    keywords: computer; library; new; research; study; technology; work
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        item: #2368 of 5668
          id: crl-13789
      author: Sullivan, Daniel
       title: Libraries and Liberal Arts Colleges: Tough Times in the Eighties
        date: 1982-03-01
       words: 3505
      flesch: 57
     summary: Private colleges will suffer, and the~r ltbrartes wlll suffer particularly. The assets of private colleges and universities exist largely as a result of gifts from individuals, corporations, and founda- tions for the purpose of helping to ensure in perpetuity that an important social need will be met: the education of the populace.
    keywords: capital; colleges; institutions; private
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        item: #2369 of 5668
          id: crl-13790
      author: Lynch, Beverly P.
       title: Options for the 80s: Directions in Academic and Research Libraries
        date: 1982-03-01
       words: 4253
      flesch: 62
     summary: This unparalleled expansion and growth of academic libraries offers a remarkable his- tory. The high quality of ref- erence work performed in academic libraries is commented upon in the acknowledgment sections of many treatises and texts and in the countless letters written by grateful students and scholars.
    keywords: academic; change; libraries; library; research
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        item: #2370 of 5668
          id: crl-13791
      author: Melady, Thomas Patrick
       title: The Future Federal Role between Government and Higher Education
        date: 1982-03-01
       words: 2044
      flesch: 49
     summary: Federal education programs will be simplified, and in some cases, consoli- dated. In other words, regardless of the organizational placement of federal education programs , federal support to education will continue to be available through limited and appropriate financial assistance programs designed to ad- dress national needs.
    keywords: education; federal; government
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        item: #2371 of 5668
          id: crl-13793
      author: Carmack, Bob; Olsgaard, John N.
       title: Collective Bargaining among Academic Librarians: A Survey of ACRL Members
        date: 1982-03-01
       words: 3886
      flesch: 61
     summary: Somewhat surprising is the large Collective Bargaining among Academic Librarians I 141 TABLE 1 ExTE NT OF CoLLECTIVE BARGAINING BY REGION Number of Num ber of It was found that personal goals benefited the most, while organizational goals benefited the least from collective bargaining.
    keywords: bargaining; collective; college; librarians; library
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        item: #2372 of 5668
          id: crl-13795
      author: Hoadley, Irene B.
       title: Theory and Practice in Library Education: The Teaching-Learning Process (Book Review)
        date: 1982-03-01
       words: 974
      flesch: 58
     summary: From that premise, the author expands on the development of the debate of theory versus practice in library education, and then goes on to describe alternative teaching-learning processes that could be used to help resolve the continuing dilemma. There are restatements of the effects of the studies by Williamson and Reece and of the later developments and opinions concerning the professionalization of library education.
    keywords: library; theory
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        item: #2373 of 5668
          id: crl-13796
      author: Sloan, Elaine
       title: A Unifying Influence: Essays of Raynard Coe Swank (Book Review)
        date: 1982-03-01
       words: 2074
      flesch: 57
     summary: BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF COPPER-Copper Proteins, Ceruloplasmin, Copper Protein Binding by Charles A. Owen, Jr.: ISBN 0-8155-0891-3; $28. BIOMEDICAL SENSORS-FundaJDentals and Applications by Harry N. Norton: ISBN 0-8155-0890-5; $20.
    keywords: acgih; edited; information; isbn; swank
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        item: #2374 of 5668
          id: crl-13797
      author: Taylor, Robert S.
       title: Progress in Communication Sciences, Volume II (Book Review)
        date: 1982-03-01
       words: 2877
      flesch: 54
     summary: high quality state of the art re- views of thought and research in three areas of emphasis: (1) information, information transfer, and information systems; (2) the uses and effects of communications; (3) the control and regulating of communication and information (p. vii). The skills to be cultivated by reference librarians are so numerous and varied that reference courses easily become fragmented and empha- size only isolated aspects of reference service. ...
    keywords: index; information; library; new; reference; research
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        item: #2375 of 5668
          id: crl-13798
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1982-03-01
       words: 4668
      flesch: 68
     summary: It is suggested that (1) guide- lines established by the library profession and ac- crediting agencies can be useful in establishing standards for the acquisition of materials for cur- riculum collections; (2) available selection aids in- clude book reviews , publishers' advertisements, author reputations, and the professional judgment of the chairperson augmented by opinions of the li- brary staff or faculty committee; (3) central library collections appear to offer more advantages for faculty than department libraries; (4) the chairper- son should encourage and develop faculty and stu- dent usage of library resources; and (5) graduate trained librarians can assist the chairperson by act- ing as information brokers between collections and the department through library instruction and workshops, or through course-related or subject- specific library instruction directly connected with the department curriculum. V. 10 in the In- ternational Relations Information Guide Series, Gale Information Guide Library.
    keywords: guide; information; isbn; libraries; library; research; university
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        item: #2376 of 5668
          id: crl-13799
      author: Nielsen, Brian
       title: Teacher or Intermediary: Alternative Professional Models in the Information Age
        date: 1982-05-01
       words: 6447
      flesch: 51
     summary: Those who have had experience in mounting effective instruction programs know, too , that such programs do not reduce the number of ques- tions reference librarians must answer across the desk; the programs increase the number , and, as well, typically make the questions more interesting. Using theory developed by sociologists Rue Bucher and Anselm Strauss, it is argued that reference service is a core task for li- brarianship s professionalization movement.
    keywords: information; librarians; librarianship; library; new; reference; role; service; status
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        item: #2377 of 5668
          id: crl-13802
      author: Cline, Gloria S.
       title: College & Research Libraries: Its First Forty Years
        date: 1982-05-01
       words: 13243
      flesch: 65
     summary: Few strong trends or changes in the sex of cited authors were read- ily apparent. There was a definite trend toward greater collaboration among cited authors, increas- ing from a low of 4.3 percent in 1955-59 to 15.7 percent in 1975-79.
    keywords: articles; authors; c&rl; documents; library; literature; number; percent; science; years
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        item: #2378 of 5668
          id: crl-13803
      author: Harber, John B.; Huber, C. Edward
       title: Copyright Policies in Virginia Academic Library Reserve Rooms
        date: 1982-05-01
       words: 5340
      flesch: 60
     summary: NO RESPONSE 41 D X X X X X X X X X 42 B X X X X X X X X X X 43 c X X X X X X X X X X 44 M X X X X X X X X X X 84.1 %RETURN (37/44) B =Bachelor's or 4 year institution; C =Community or 2 year college; D =Doctoral institution; M =Master's or 5th year institution; 2 = Other 2 year. M X X X X X X X X 28 c X X X X X X X X X X 29 c NO RESPONSE 30 c NO RESPONSE 31 D X X X X X X X X X 32 D X X X X X X X X X X 33 D X X X X X X X X X X 34 M X X X X X X X 35 c X X X X X X X X 36 B X X X X X X X 37 B X X X X X X X X 38 B NO RESPONSE 39 c X X X X X X X X 40 c
    keywords: b x; c x; d x; m x; x x
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        item: #2379 of 5668
          id: crl-13804
      author: Peace , Nancy E.
       title: J. Franklin Jameson and the Birth of the National Archives (Book Review)
        date: 1982-05-01
       words: 1070
      flesch: 72
     summary: Philadel- phia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Pr., 1981. 232p. After a fifteen-year career as an ar- chitect and an officer in the Coast Artillery Reserve, author Condos earned a master's degree in history from the University of Pennsylvania.
    keywords: archives; condos
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        item: #2380 of 5668
          id: crl-13805
      author: Kaser, David
       title: The House of Appleton (Book Review)
        date: 1982-05-01
       words: 1295
      flesch: 65
     summary: ISBN 0-669-04321-4. Sociologists Cline and Sinnott use a com- parative case study methodology to analyze collection development in relation to the structure and function of complex organiza- tions and in relation to resource allocation theory. This is not a book for readers inter- ested in the how to of collection develop- ment, but is for the reader who seeks a theo- retical framework for and detailed analyses of the fund allocation and item selection as- pects of collection development.
    keywords: book; collection; development
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        item: #2381 of 5668
          id: crl-13806
      author: Rice, Barbara A.
       title: Building Library Collections (Book Reviews)
        date: 1982-05-01
       words: 1307
      flesch: 59
     summary: The only weakness of the book lies in the final chapter, where the authors go beyond their data collection and analyses and discuss several areas of librarianship that they per- ceive as important to change and adaptation in academic libraries; namely, library in- struction, special collections, microforms, 250 I College & Research Libraries • May 1982 Low-Cost Microcomputer Based AV Circulation System Replace outdated manual booking methods for as little as $129 a week! ISBN 0-669-04321-4. Sociologists Cline and Sinnott use a com- parative case study methodology to analyze collection development in relation to the structure and function of complex organiza- tions and in relation to resource allocation theory.
    keywords: book; collection; development
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        item: #2382 of 5668
          id: crl-13809
      author: Lisowski, Andrew; Sessions, Judith A.
       title: Cataloging of Audiovisual Materials (Book Review)
        date: 1982-05-01
       words: 2195
      flesch: 61
     summary: 08 pages 0-02-870260-3 $75.00 ffiUOGRAPHY OF IOE1HICS tor in Chief: LeROY WALTERS, Center for ethics, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, George- rm University ~ definitive guide to the large number of terials in the discipline. Library school profes- sors should look closely at this title for possible adoption as a text for cataloging classes.-Andrew Lisowski, George Wash- ington University Library, judith A. Ses- sions, Mt. Vernon College Library, Wash- ington, D.C. McCrimmon, Barbara.
    keywords: british; cataloging; library; pages; university
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        item: #2383 of 5668
          id: crl-13811
      author: Farrington, Jean W.
       title: Stack Management: A Practical Guide to Shelving and Maintaining a Collection (Book Review)
        date: 1982-05-01
       words: 742
      flesch: 64
     summary: These topics are sorting and shelving routines, moving and shifting books (everything from how to plan space requirements to how to shelve), shelving types and arrangements (in- cluding lighting, book trucks and signs), and weeding, storing, and paging, with particu- lar emphasis on the desirability of storage collections and how to plan and select for them. The remaining chapters deal with how to handle, clean, and repair books, missing books (how to search and inventory them), and finally some practical words on supervis- ing stack personnel.
    keywords: book; stack
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        item: #2384 of 5668
          id: crl-13812
      author: Lynden, Fred C.
       title: Book Publishing: What It Is, What It Does (Book Review)
        date: 1982-05-01
       words: 1822
      flesch: 59
     summary: He cites inade- quate distribution as a common difficulty which book publishers must overcome Recent Publications I 261 through cooperation of publishers and edu- cation of wholesalers. He adds that faulty edi- torial judgment, ineffectual marketing ef- forts, and a buckshot' approach to publish- ing are also major contributing factors to the high failure rate among trade books.
    keywords: book; dessauer; information; publishing
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        item: #2385 of 5668
          id: crl-13815
      author: Pease, Sue; Gouke, Mary Noel
       title: Patterns of Use in an Online Catalog and a Card Catalog
        date: 1982-07-01
       words: 6643
      flesch: 68
     summary: The degree of the drop in card catalog use may depend upon whether patrons were heavy or light users of the card catalog. If card catalog use was high, as in the Com- merce Library (5.6 uses per month), it dropped sharply and then leveled out.
    keywords: card; card catalog; catalog; online; online catalog
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        item: #2386 of 5668
          id: crl-13818
      author: Odi, Amusi
       title: Creative Research and Theory Building in Library and Information Sciences
        date: 1982-07-01
       words: 5077
      flesch: 51
     summary: 7 This may be something of an overstatement, but it has relevance in the context of current ap- proaches to social science research. DATA GATHERING To validly arrive at nomological universal generalizations, research data must be all- embracing.
    keywords: administration; data; library; new; research; social; theory
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        item: #2387 of 5668
          id: crl-13819
      author: Butler, Meredith; Gratch, Bonnie
       title: Planning a User Study - The Process Defined
        date: 1982-07-01
       words: 6721
      flesch: 58
     summary: College and Research Libraries MEREDITH BUTLER AND BONNIE GRATCH Planning a User Study- The Process Defined Library literature is replete with articles describing library user studies. Bibliographic control of the literature on library surveys and user studies is even more problematic to the researcher.
    keywords: committee; library; planning; process; research; study; survey; user
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        item: #2388 of 5668
          id: crl-13820
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1981-82
        date: 1982-07-01
       words: 6467
      flesch: 58
     summary: The bulk of the volume consists of selected bibliographies of current books, journals, technical reports, reference sources, university computer cen- ter newsletters, references on computer pro- gramming languages, and proceedings of the Association for Computing Machinery Spe- cial Interest Groups. Three of these bibliographic chapters are devoted to reference sources, including indexing and abstracting resources, directories, dictio- naries, handbooks, and guides to software re- sources.
    keywords: american; general; guide; isbn; libraries; new; reference; sources; volume
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        item: #2389 of 5668
          id: crl-13821
      author: Rao, Pal V.
       title: The Relationship between Card Catalog Access Points and the Recorded Use of Education Books in a University Library (Research Note)
        date: 1982-07-01
       words: 3172
      flesch: 65
     summary: I 345 no significant correlation between the num- ber of card catalog access points per title and its recorded use in an academic library for a specified period of time. RESEARCH METHOD Data Collection for the Selected Variables Number of Card Catalog Access Points.
    keywords: access; catalog; library; number
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        item: #2390 of 5668
          id: crl-13822
      author: Westerman, Mel
       title: Salary Comparisons between Academic Librarians and Instructional Faculty (Research Note)
        date: 1982-07-01
       words: 3565
      flesch: 65
     summary: In table 4 the general trend in the narrowing of spread of instructional faculty salaries is reflected in a narrowing of librarian salaries. Not necessarily to be ex- pected, though, is that by comparison of ta- ble 4 and table 3 it can be seen that narrower spreads of instructional faculty salaries are directly related to library salaries being in lower groups.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; profs; salaries
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        item: #2391 of 5668
          id: crl-13823
      author: Farrington, Jean Walter
       title: Book Theft and Library Security Systems, 1981-82 (Book Review)
        date: 1982-07-01
       words: 1228
      flesch: 67
     summary: There is an index to the text and a list of libraries owning the individual security sys- tems that is broken down by type of library. In typical Knowledge Industry style, this guide to library security systems aims to present the totality of the universe.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #2392 of 5668
          id: crl-13824
      author: Weber, David C.
       title: University Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1982-07-01
       words: 1488
      flesch: 55
     summary: Consequently, there is now a large body of experienced men and women in academic libraries who see no prospects of promotion, either in their own institution or elsewhere, but who wish to contribute in a greater measure than has been possible in the past to the running of their library. It may be clear to some that these realities cry out for innovative, if not revolutionary, approaches to the organization of academic libraries.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library
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        item: #2393 of 5668
          id: crl-13825
      author: Duda, Frederick
       title: Issues in Personnel Management in Academic Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1982-07-01
       words: 2023
      flesch: 51
     summary: Collective bargaining, con- tract negotiation, and grievance resolution, which have become key factors in the admin- istration of library personnel, are ably cov- ered in this volume. It may be clear to some that these realities cry out for innovative, if not revolutionary, approaches to the organization of academic libraries.
    keywords: isbn; libraries; personnel
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        item: #2394 of 5668
          id: crl-13827
      author: Basinski, William L.
       title: Telecommunications and Libraries: A Primer for Librarians and Information Managers (Book Review)
        date: 1982-07-01
       words: 1423
      flesch: 62
     summary: I i CALL coLLECT (517) 849-2117 OTHER SERVICES ..... include binding of paperbacks upon request, returning slips in books; standing orders, staff orders, and up to date information on open orders. Ten thoughtful, well-edited chapters written by knowledge- able people for a nontechnical audience make worthwhile reading for the current or aspiring librarian or information manager f~ ~ I A .
    keywords: chapter; information; library
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        item: #2395 of 5668
          id: crl-13829
      author: Knapp, Sara D.
       title: User Fees: A Practical Perspective (Book Review)
        date: 1982-07-01
       words: 1054
      flesch: 61
     summary: One wonders whether, governed by the market, library services and collections may then come to reflect the plastic shopping mall quality we find in those segments of our lives already controlled by market mech- anisms. James Dodd's piece on information brokers highlights the paradoxical nature of the rela- tionship 'between information brokers and public libraries.
    keywords: fees; libraries
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        item: #2396 of 5668
          id: crl-13830
      author: Farley, John
       title: Mainstreaming Outsiders: The Production of Black Professionals (Book Review)
        date: 1982-07-01
       words: 1295
      flesch: 62
     summary: The proportion of black students in medi- cal colleges in the United States more than doubled between 1969 and 1979, certainly an admirable achievement by all concerned, but black medical students still represent only about 6 percent of all medical students. The eight professions are examined for current racial composition, the peculiar problems that entry into each presents for minority-group members, and whatever reasons might account for the ups and downs of black enrollments during the decade.
    keywords: black; libraries; percent
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        item: #2397 of 5668
          id: crl-13831
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1982-07-01
       words: 991
      flesch: 58
     summary: Demonstrating that the key variable is bibliographic instruc- tion rather than library use itself would require an experimental design, testing whether the scores of individuals known to have undertaken significant library use with- out instruction were lower than instructed students, thereby controlling for library use. The authors and I agree that statistical techniques often have an important role to play in evaluation, including the evaluation of bibliographic instruction .
    keywords: article; instruction
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        item: #2398 of 5668
          id: crl-13834
      author: Miller, Constance R.
       title: Scientific Literature as Hierarchy: Library Instruction and Robert M. Gagne
        date: 1982-09-01
       words: 3106
      flesch: 56
     summary: To the extent that information sources reflect the Scientific Literature I 389 located through the guides located through the guides Examine their biblio- to evaluate sources and to find additional articles graphies for additional find additional ones T sources
    keywords: gagne; information; instruction; learning
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        item: #2399 of 5668
          id: crl-13835
      author: Desmarais, Norman
       title: Losses in a Theological Library (Research Note)
        date: 1982-09-01
       words: 1901
      flesch: 63
     summary: College and Research Libraries Research Notes CONTENTS Norman Desmarais ModMekkawi NORMAN DESMARAIS 393 396 COllEGE & RESEARCH liBRARIES Losses in a Theological Library The ARL Library Index as a Decision-Making Tool Losses in a Theological Library Librarians often assume that the greatest number of book losses occur in medical and legal libraries. In ad- dition to this partial inventory, the staff con- ducted a book census (counting every book and bound periodical) to determine the exact size of the collection, and to serve as a basis I 393 394 I College & Research Libraries • September 1982 for the efficient establishment of loss rate in the future.
    keywords: collection; library; percent
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        item: #2400 of 5668
          id: crl-13836
      author: Mekkawi, Mod
       title: The ARL Library Index as a Decision-Making Tool (Research Note)
        date: 1982-09-01
       words: 3509
      flesch: 65
     summary: */ S15=A4-AH; Sl6•AS-Al5; S2l•Al0-A20; PUT EDIT ('VOLHELD', A11,A1,Sl2,S1) (COL(1),A,COL(15),F(l0),COL(25),F(10),COL(36),F(l0),COL(50),F(l0,6)); PUT EDIT ('VOLADDED' ,A12,A2,Sl3,S2) (COL(l) ,A,COL(lS) ,F(lO) ,COL(25) ,F(lO) ,COL(36) ,F(10) ,COL( 50) ,F(l0,6)); PUT EDIT ('MICROFORM' ,A6,A16,Sl7,S6) (COL(1),A,COL(l5),F(10),COL(25),F(l0),COL(36),F(10),COL(50),F(l0,6)); PUT EDIT ('CT SERIALS' ,Al3,A3,Sl4,S3) (COL(1),A,COL(15),F(l0),COL(25),F(l0),COL(36),F(l0),COL(50),F(10,6)); PUT EDIT ('MATEXPEND' ,A14,A4,Sl5,S4) (COL(l) ,A,COL(lS) ,F(lO) ,COL(25) ,F(lO) ,COL(36) ,F(10) ,COL( SO) ,F(10,6)); PUT EDIT ('BINDING' ,A17,A7,S18,S7) (COL(1),A,COL(l5),F(10),COL(25),F(10),COL(36),F(l0),COL{50),F(l0,6)); PUT EDIT ('TOTALSALARY' ,Al8,A8,Sl9,S8) (COL(1),A,COL(15),F(10),COL(25),F(10),COL(36),F(l0),COL(50) 1F(l0,6)); PUT EDIT (I OPEREXPEND I ,AlS ,AS, 516 ISS ·) (COL(1),A 1COL(15),F(l0),COL(25),F(l0) 1COL(36) 1F(10),COL(50),F(l0,6)); PUT EDIT ('PROFSTAFF' I A19,A9,S201S9) (COL(1),A 1COL(15),F(l0) 1COL(25) 1F(l0),COL(36),F(10) 1COL(50) 1F(l0 16)); PUT EDIT ('NONPROF' I A20,A101S211S10) (COL (1) ,A I COL ( 15) IF ( 10) I COL ( 25), F ( 10), COL ( 36), F (10), COL (50) IF ( 10,6)); PUT EDIT ('TOTAL' ,Sl1)(COL(3),A,COL(50) 1F(10,6)); PUT EDIT ( ( 6 0 ) I - I ) ( COL (1 ) I A) ; PUT EDIT ('TOTAL ADDITIONAL EXPENDITURES .. ', S25, 'BINDING RATEa' 1 R)(COL(l), A , COL ( 3 2 ) , F ( 8 ) I COL ( 4 3 ) , A I COL ( 58 ) , F ( 2 , 1 ) ) ; PUT SKIP(2); END; END; END SCORES; SUNIPUB Supplies the Books. . .
    keywords: arl; index; library; score; serials
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        item: #2401 of 5668
          id: crl-13837
      author: Cole, John Y.
       title: Charles McCarthy: Librarianship and Reform (Book Review)
        date: 1982-09-01
       words: 1261
      flesch: 61
     summary: This 1940 admonition to the library profession from Librarian of Congress Archibald Mac- Leish came to mind as I read Marion Casey's excellent biography of Charles McCarthy, the founder of Wisconsin's Legislative Refer- ence Library. The SLA, with its focus on putting knowledge in all formats to work, was itself a reform movement within American librarianship.
    keywords: library; mccarthy
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        item: #2402 of 5668
          id: crl-13838
      author: Shank, Russell
       title: Origins of American Academic Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1982-09-01
       words: 1639
      flesch: 59
     summary: Fortunately, most of the people who contributed essays and studies to the publica- tion reviewed here recognize the unique and exciting challenges afforded by a venture into college librarianship. Peter Dollard's overview, entitled A Paradigm for College Libraries, is are- markably thoughtful attempt to delineate the special role of the college library.
    keywords: college; librarianship; library
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        item: #2403 of 5668
          id: crl-13839
      author: Olsen, Richard A.
       title: College Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1982-09-01
       words: 719
      flesch: 58
     summary: The aim of the study was to provide ratios of library-information staff to users in the special sector (excluding public library and educational sectors). In- deed, the form of library education as it was begun by Dewey and promoted by his disci- ples was, in essence, a manifestation of the spirit of the public library movement.
    keywords: college
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        item: #2404 of 5668
          id: crl-13841
      author: Crowe, William J.
       title: Zero-Base Budgeting in Library Management: A Manual for Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1982-09-01
       words: 699
      flesch: 62
     summary: The author, who describes herself as nei- ther advocate nor detractor of zero-base budgeting (ZBB), has addressed her work to library managers who seek information about this recently heralded theory/process, to decide whether ZBB can be a meaningful and suitable process for them in planning, budgeting, evaluation, and control. Fewer examples, with explication of and fuller com- mentary on the details of library applications of ZBB would have been most useful.
    keywords: zbb
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        item: #2405 of 5668
          id: crl-13843
      author: Rice, Barbara A.
       title: Weeding Library Collections - II (Book Review)
        date: 1982-09-01
       words: 1655
      flesch: 57
     summary: Boss and Marcum con- clude that libraries will benefit in the long run from integrated systems, and should pressure suppliers of automated systems to provide them. The authors first list seven categories of automated systems: in-house, transferred software, software houses, integrated, turn- key, utility, and jobber.
    keywords: libraries; library; systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13843.pdf
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        item: #2406 of 5668
          id: crl-13844
      author: Schenck, William Z.
       title: On-Line Acquisitions Systems for Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1982-09-01
       words: 692
      flesch: 53
     summary: Boss and Marcum con- clude that libraries will benefit in the long run from integrated systems, and should pressure suppliers of automated systems to provide them. The authors first list seven categories of automated systems: in-house, transferred software, software houses, integrated, turn- key, utility, and jobber.
    keywords: systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13844.pdf
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        item: #2407 of 5668
          id: crl-13845
      author: Farley, John J.
       title: International Handbook of Contemporary Developments in Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1982-09-01
       words: 1982
      flesch: 59
     summary: Boss and Marcum con- clude that libraries will benefit in the long run from integrated systems, and should pressure suppliers of automated systems to provide them. The authors first list seven categories of automated systems: in-house, transferred software, software houses, integrated, turn- key, utility, and jobber.
    keywords: libraries; library; systems; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13845.pdf
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        item: #2408 of 5668
          id: crl-13846
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1982-09-01
       words: 447
      flesch: 56
     summary: Also Available Volume 2: Agricultural Respiratory Hazards-details agents and meta- bolites that affect man, the work- place and-agricultural environment; infectious and immunologic agents from livestock and farm structures; dusts and allergic response; respi- ratory response and control of grain dusts. In Canada & Michigan CALL COLLECT (517) 849-2117 OTHER SERVICES ..... include binding of paperbacks upon request, returning slips in books, standing orders, staff orders, and up to date information on open orders.
    keywords: volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13846.pdf
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        item: #2409 of 5668
          id: crl-13847
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1982-09-01
       words: 10221
      flesch: 63
     summary: The report is supported by thirty-three tables of data, and ap- pendixes provide course information, information functions, personnel position definitions, periodi- cal reading lists, and guidelines to library services for extension students. Results indicated the combination of librarian training and outreach in- creased the visibility of special collections; com- puter terminals increased public awareness of li- brary accessibility; and, finally, that outreach improves the ability of the library staff to improve professional skills and enhances the overall visibil- ity of library services.
    keywords: development; education; guide; information; isbn; libraries; library; new; publications; research; services; state; study; university
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        item: #2410 of 5668
          id: crl-13850
      author: Wells, Mary Baier
       title: Requirements and Benefits for Academic Librarians: 1959-1979
        date: 1982-11-01
       words: 4384
      flesch: 58
     summary: % 33 .6 % 24 28 45 6.7 % 14.5 % 18.0 % 3 2 5 0.8 % 1.0 % 2.0 % 7 8 19 1.9 % 4.1 % 7.6 % 8 9 65 2.2 % 4.7 % 26.0 % 23 21 52 6. 4% 10 .9 % 20.8 % 15 27 46 4.2 % 14.0 % 18.4 % 15 60 80 4.2 % 31.1 % 32.0 % 57 32 60 15 .8 % 16.6 % 24 .0 % statistically significant differences between mean salaries paid in 1959 and 1979 and be- tween those paid in 1964 and 1974. From these tables, it can be discerned that experience was a fairly stable indicator of higher salary while a subject master's degree indicated a higher salary only in the last two years, the time period when more employers were ask- ing for this qualification.
    keywords: job; library; salary; subject
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        item: #2411 of 5668
          id: crl-13851
      author: Cook, Kevin L.
       title: Varying Levels of Support Given to Government Documents Departments in Academic Libraries
        date: 1982-11-01
       words: 7149
      flesch: 58
     summary: This broad defini- tion helps allow for varying practices among documents departments. 10 Shearer's question- naire, sent to documents departments, con- sisted of fourteen questions.
    keywords: department; documents; libraries; library; publications
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        item: #2412 of 5668
          id: crl-13852
      author: Pawley, Carolyn
       title: Online Access: User Reaction (Research Note)
        date: 1982-11-01
       words: 2313
      flesch: 79
     summary: CAROLYN PAWLEY Online Access: User Reaction INTRODUCTION Since early 1970, professional library liter- ature has published many articles on the clos- ing of card catalogs, and the resulting switch to COM fiche or online catalogs. J. Sprecht cited the rieed for detailed studies of patron use of online systems, 1 and Ben- Ami Lipitz reported that there have been studies on the use of the card catalog, but not the online catalog.
    keywords: online; sem
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        item: #2413 of 5668
          id: crl-13853
      author: Freeman, Michael S.
       title: College Library Buildings in Transition: A Study of 36 Libraries Built in 1967-68 (Research Note)
        date: 1982-11-01
       words: 2467
      flesch: 58
     summary: Some relocations in these libraries were due to altered program objectives, the varied formats of library materials, and the need to provide services or house collections not foreseen by the building planners of the 1960s. CoNCLUSION The survey reveals that a major concern for college-sized libraries in the 1980s will be space for library materials.
    keywords: college; libraries; library; storage
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        item: #2414 of 5668
          id: crl-13854
      author: Lynden, Frederick C.
       title: Collection Development and Management at Cornell: A Concluding Report on Activities of the Cornell University Libraries' Project for Collection Development and Management, July 1979-]une 1980, with Proposals for Future Planning (Book Review)
        date: 1982-11-01
       words: 1908
      flesch: 53
     summary: It contains some unique insights into the problems of planning for ac- ademic library collections and is a very useful supplement to the handbooks of the Associa- tion of Research Libraries' Collection Analy- sis Project. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Libraries, 1981.
    keywords: collection; library; report
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13854.pdf
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        item: #2415 of 5668
          id: crl-13857
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts: Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians
        date: 1982-11-01
       words: 6236
      flesch: 67
     summary: A reference list, eleven tables pre- senting and comparing data on special libraries, and four figures accompany the text. In order to provide access to individual educa- tors and researchers in library science on the basis of their specializations and types of research, a project was undertaken to develop a Classification of Education and Research in Librarianship and Information Science (CERLIS).
    keywords: education; information; isbn; libraries; library; new; research; services; york
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        item: #2416 of 5668
          id: crl-13859
      author: Benedict, Marjorie A.; Bavryck, Jacquelyn A.; Selvin, Hanan C.
       title: Status of Academic Librarians in New York State
        date: 1983-01-01
       words: 3973
      flesch: 52
     summary: Very few have facul% status 0 6 20 About half have facu ty status 0 2 0 Most have faculty status 5 9 9 All have faculty status 88 64 40 Totals 100 100 100 N= (76) (47) (65) Public Status of Academic Librarians 15 Private Church related Private Independent Percent reporting that all or most librarians have faculty status FIGURE 2 Incidence of Faculty Status by Institutional Control proportion of respondents from public in- stitutions ranges from 70 percent for two- year colleges to 17 percent for graduate/ professional schools. A suroey of 188 head librarians in all types of college and university libraries in New York ·' found that all or most of the librarians in 90 percent of the responding libraries are said to have · faculty status.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; percent; status
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        item: #2417 of 5668
          id: crl-13860
      author: Truett, Carol
       title: Services to Developmental Education Students in the Community College: Does the Library Have a Role?
        date: 1983-01-01
       words: 4873
      flesch: 52
     summary: The results of this study basically con- firm the earlier surveys of both Shaughnessy and Breivik, which revealed the existence of a low level of library ser- vices to developmental college students. They cite attrition rates of 50 percent and more for the two- year student body: It is appropriate that concern about the lack of persistence among community college students be expressed.
    keywords: college; developmental; library; percent; services; students
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        item: #2418 of 5668
          id: crl-13863
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1981-82
        date: 1983-01-01
       words: 6995
      flesch: 59
     summary: will always be invaluable to any library for cataloging, acquisitions, reference work and many other purposes, and indispensa- ble where research is done for author bibliography, verifying titles, bibliographi- cal information, historical notes, and loca- tion of copies. Eugene P. Sheehy, Guide to Reference Books (9th ed .
    keywords: articles; guide; index; information; library; new; reference; research; subject; volume
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        item: #2419 of 5668
          id: crl-13866
      author: Lynch, Beverly P.
       title: Challenges of Retrenchment: Strategies for Consolidating Programs, Cutting Costs, & Reallocating Resources (Book Review)
        date: 1983-01-01
       words: 1179
      flesch: 57
     summary: This book presents the summaries of those studies and analyses and the pro- posals by leaders in American higher edu- cation.lts purpose is to assist the thinking about the management of decline in higher education. Higher education expanded in the 1960s to meet society's demand for broader ac- cess to college and university education and training.
    keywords: education; higher
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        item: #2420 of 5668
          id: crl-13867
      author: Simpson, Donald B.
       title: Electronic Document Delivery: The ARTEMIS Concept for Document Digitalisation and Teletransmission (Book Review)
        date: 1983-01-01
       words: 1622
      flesch: 61
     summary: The SREB has provided a basic book for faculty, administrators, and government officials to use in making the inevitable choices relating to retrenchment and to expansion.-Beverly P. Lynch, University of Illinois at Chicago. -Donald B. Simpson, Director and Chief Executive Officer, The Center for Re- search Libraries, Chicago, Illinois.
    keywords: culture; libraries; new
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        item: #2421 of 5668
          id: crl-13868
      author: Stevenson, Gordon
       title: Popular Culture and Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1983-01-01
       words: 1293
      flesch: 60
     summary: One area of popular culture production may decline (e.g., the current decline in the production · of popular music recordings), but the gap is quickly filled by some new diversion. During the past century there has been a continual increase in the quantity and di- versity of popular culture produced for mass distribution.
    keywords: culture; library; popular
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        item: #2422 of 5668
          id: crl-13869
      author: Cardell, Victor
       title: Shelving Capacity in the Music Library (Book Review)
        date: 1983-01-01
       words: 1341
      flesch: 57
     summary: This comparison of the results of two surveys of library instruction programs in California ac- ademic libraries, conducted in 1974 and in 1980 by the California Clearinghouse on Library In- struction, includes discussions of the number of survey returns by library type; teaching methods used for library instruction; materials used to teach course-related instruction, formal credit courses, self-paced cre(iit instruction, and noncredit instruction; libraries by type in 1980 reporting instructional activities such as self-guided tours and library handbooks; and use of audiovisual media by library type. The planning of library stack areas for books is a topic that has been studied with increasingly serious attention, but never before has there been published a techni- cal report devoted to the planning of new or expanded music library stacks.
    keywords: library; music; popular
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        item: #2423 of 5668
          id: crl-13870
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1983-01-01
       words: 4983
      flesch: 48
     summary: When Lip- etz lists the functions of research as description, definition, theory, explanation of ob- served phenomena, prediction of future phenomena, and manipulative prescription to ex- pand human capability or control,' it is clear that his listing derives from a less than correct understanding of the notion and functions of scientific theory. I was particularly interested in the way research scientists define theory and what they consider to be the functions of scientific theories.
    keywords: academic; information; library; research; scientific; theory; university
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        item: #2424 of 5668
          id: crl-13871
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest
        date: 1983-01-01
       words: 7302
      flesch: 63
     summary: JAMES CABECEIRAS Examines the broad range of information materials· currently available to libraries, describes each medi- um's characteristics, and discusses the selection and utilization of materials and equipment, as well as their integration into library information systems. Among the items included are (1) a fi~al r~port on a library user survey from the Umverstty of California at Riverside; (2) a user survey from the Elmer Holmes Bobst Library at New York University; (3) questionnaires on the adequacy of library service at Emory University; (4) li- brary use surveys from Colorado State Unive~­ sity, the University of Colorado, and ~he~~­ versity of New Mexico; (5) an avatlabthty analysis report from the University of Arizona; and (6) an undergraduate library availability study from the University of Tennessee, a user assistance tally from the University of Georgia, a faculty questionnaire on branch and division libraries from the University of Colorado, a search-services-user and availability-of- citations questionnaire from Boston University, and the executive summary of a Cornell Univer- sity user survey on the libraries' research- support performance.
    keywords: catalog; information; isbn; libraries; library; research; services; survey; systems; university
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        item: #2425 of 5668
          id: crl-13873
      author: McPheron, William
       title: Quantifying the Allocation of Monograph Funds: An Instance in Practice
        date: 1983-03-01
       words: 6589
      flesch: 46
     summary: Emerging from this pro- cess were 0 percent, 2 percent, 7 percent, and 22 percent as the portions of the Do- mestic Base that would be added as the For- eign Trade Monograph Factor at each year along line B for budget lines at the four dif- ferent levels of dependency. From analysis of this information came 20 percent and 10 per- cent as the portions of the Domestic Base added along line C for budget lines with respectively heavy and moderate reliance on nontrade publications.
    keywords: allocation; base; budget; library; line; monograph; percent; subject
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        item: #2426 of 5668
          id: crl-13874
      author: Gwinn, Nancy E.; Mosher, Paul H.
       title: Coordinating Collection Development: The RLG Conspectus
        date: 1983-03-01
       words: 7516
      flesch: 49
     summary: A shared concern for the future of research library collections , was evident in the room. Capacity to control better the physi- cal growth of library collections and oper- ating costs, and to distribute both collect- ing responsibilities and savings that might result.
    keywords: collection; conspectus; data; development; level; libraries; library; research; rlg
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        item: #2427 of 5668
          id: crl-13876
      author: Lynch, Beverly P.
       title: Selected Journals in Library and Information Science
        date: 1983-03-01
       words: 3692
      flesch: 59
     summary: Issue number 1 describes this new jour- nal as a practice-oriented journal, dealing with 'topics of current interest and practi- cal value. Except for volume 2, numbers 1-2, each issue contains book reviews.
    keywords: articles; information; issue; journal; new; reference
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        item: #2428 of 5668
          id: crl-13877
      author: Fjallbrant, Nancy; Kihlen, Elisabeth; Malmgren, Margareta
       title: End-User Training in the Use of a Small Swedish Database (Research Note)
        date: 1983-03-01
       words: 3553
      flesch: 59
     summary: Different types of information searches were pre- sented. In manual searching it is easy to limit a search by suitable choice of search term.
    keywords: database; information; online; search; searching
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        item: #2429 of 5668
          id: crl-13878
      author: Nwagha, Georgiana K. N.
       title: Deployment of Professional Librarians: A Barrier to the Availability of Publications in a Developing Country (Research Note)
        date: 1983-03-01
       words: 2627
      flesch: 55
     summary: 1.{) NO sonnel manning the reference desk of a # ~ o\~ research library and the type of ques- \0 0\0\ tions asked by research scientists. Each of the institute libraries was sent multiple copies of the questionnaire, and library personnel at the reference desk were requested to fill out one copy each time a research scientist made a demand for a publication during a period of six months.
    keywords: libraries; reference; research
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        item: #2430 of 5668
          id: crl-13882
      author: Morehead, Joe
       title: The Library of Congress (Book Review)
        date: 1983-03-01
       words: 1308
      flesch: 61
     summary: The result is a pleasing and useful account of the Library of Congress, the world's largest center for information storage (Introduction). There are informative dis- cussions on the importance of gifts, the copyright deposit procedures, the awe- some responsibilities of the Congressional Research Service, the famous K classifi- cation of the law library, services to the blind and physically handicapped, and the several 'glamour' collections and ac- tivities, such as music, poetry, and the John F. Kennedy Center for Performing Arts Library.
    keywords: congress; library
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        item: #2431 of 5668
          id: crl-13883
      author: Kent, Allen
       title: The Birth of Electronic Publishing: Legal and Economic Issues in Telephone, cable and Over-the-Air Teletext and Videotext (Book Review)
        date: 1983-03-01
       words: 1551
      flesch: 64
     summary: If Order drawn from your Library File, 30,000 + records in Publisher File and 250,000+ records in our Bibliographic File. We enter your order, locate titles and instantaneously create your full order from our com- puter Library File, Publisher File 2 Electronic,.····~~ mail or hard copy ordering.
    keywords: electronic; information; new
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        item: #2432 of 5668
          id: crl-13884
      author: Kent, Allen
       title: Guide to Electronic Publishing: Opportunities in Online and Viewdata Services (Book Review)
        date: 1983-03-01
       words: 1222
      flesch: 56
     summary: The first audience would be interested in assessing new business opportunities, the second in deciding when, if ever, to adopt new technology. The book is written for the stakeholders in this new mass medium-newspapers, phone companies, cable companies, and book publishers-as well as for those who must devise new laws, enforce the laws, and test the laws for the lay public whose interests must be protected .
    keywords: information; new
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        item: #2433 of 5668
          id: crl-13885
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest
        date: 1983-03-01
       words: 4441
      flesch: 62
     summary: Information was gathered through structured personal interviews on specific concepts related either to broad issues needed to formulate ef- fective policies or to factors affecting policy, e.g., language, knowledge of libraries and in- formation services, evaluation of information services, economics, sharing policy, optimism, cosmopolitanism, influence, dependence, and confidence in library services. Discussion of the findings includes suggestions for the im- provement of interlibrary loan services, and four tables of data are appended.
    keywords: available; information; library; research; system; use
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        item: #2434 of 5668
          id: crl-13886
      author: English, Thomas G.
       title: Librarian Status in the Eighty-Nine U.S. Academic Institutions of the Association of Research Libraries: 1982
        date: 1983-05-01
       words: 6450
      flesch: 55
     summary: _X _x · _x S X X X X X X X X S X X X X X ~ S X 1 X X X X X X p R X X X X X X S e X X X X X X X p n X X X X X X X p n X X X X X S X X X X X X X p R X X X X X X X p n X X X X X X X S ft X X X X X X X S 0 X X X X p ft X X X X X X X S X X X X X XX X p e X X X S e X X X X X X X S e X X X X X X X S e X X X X X X X p R XX XX X X p ft X X X X X S X X X X X X X S 0 1 X X S X X X X X X p ft X X X X X X X S e X X x ~ x X X X p R X X X X X S X X X X X X X S X X X X X X _:!l S R X X X X X X S R X X X X X X X p p _x F X X X X X X X X p p F(3) X X X X X X X X X F COLUMBIA P n X X X X X p CONNECTICUT S n X X X X X X p CORNELL p • 1 X X X X p DARTI«>UTH p 0 X X X X
    keywords: e x; faculty; n x; s x; x f; x p; x x
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        item: #2435 of 5668
          id: crl-13889
      author: Sever, Shmuel; Westcott, Fred
       title: Motivational Basis for Compensation Strategies in a Library Environment
        date: 1983-05-01
       words: 5669
      flesch: 53
     summary: Chapter four by E. E. Lawler III is an over- view of rewards systems primarily from a viewpoint of expectancy theory. Both theories and their supporting studies show that the design of pay and other reward systems should be related to what the library wants to achieve in terms of job performance, and to the available tools used by library management as re- wards.
    keywords: behavior; library; management; performance; rewards; theories; theory
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        item: #2436 of 5668
          id: crl-13891
      author: Smith, Nathan M.; Nelson, Veneese C.
       title: Burnout: A Survey of Academic Reference Librarians (Research Note)
        date: 1983-05-01
       words: 3181
      flesch: 63
     summary: The open-ended question, other stress categories, revealed two characteristics correlated with high burnout scores. The low correlation between challenge of the job and burnout score suggests aca- demic reference librarians enjoy the stim- ulation of the job and are meeting the chal- lenges presented.
    keywords: burnout; job; librarians; library; time
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        item: #2437 of 5668
          id: crl-13892
      author: Lopez, Manuel D.
       title: The Lopez or Citation Technique of In-Depth Collection Evaluation Explicated (Research Note)
        date: 1983-05-01
       words: 3410
      flesch: 58
     summary: A First Level (Value of 5 x 100 = 500) Number of citations 100 Library lacked 34 Citation obtained 66 Research Notes 253 Possible level value (Value of 5 x 100 = 500) Actual level value (Value of 5 x 66 = 330) Second Level (Value of 10 x 100 = 1,000) Number of citations 62t Library lacked 19t Citation obtained 43 Possible level value (Value of 10 x 62 = 620) Actual level value (Value of 10 x 43 = 430) Third Level (Value of 20 x 100 = 2,000) Number of citations 43 Library lacked 10 Citation obtained 32 Possible level value (Value of 20 x 43 = 860) Actuallevel value (Value of 20 x 32 = 640) Fourth Level (Value of 40 x 100 = 4,000) Number of citations 24§ Library lacked 10 Citation obtained 14 Possible level value (Value of 40 x 24 = 960) Actuallevel value (Value of 40 x 14 = 560) Fifth Level (Value of 80 x 100 = 8,000) Number of citations 1i Actual level value (Value of 80 x 10 = 800) TOTALS-
    keywords: isbn; level; library; value
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        item: #2438 of 5668
          id: crl-13893
      author: Calhoun, John; Bracken, James K.
       title: An Index of Publisher Quality for the Academic Library (Research Note)
        date: 1983-05-01
       words: 2588
      flesch: 62
     summary: Fortunately, how- ever, one of the easily apprehensible fea- tures included in both the reviews and the slips is the name of the publisher, and once a bibliographer recognizes that cer- tain publishers produce more OAB titles than others, monitoring the reviews or slips becomes a much easier task. Volwne 6 contains 22 studies which describe the subject's education, life, work, scientific ideas, and the influence and spread of those ideas.
    keywords: academic; book; intelligence; publishers; titles
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        item: #2439 of 5668
          id: crl-13894
      author: Carmack, Robert D.
       title: Library Leadership: Visualizing the Future (Book Review)
        date: 1983-05-01
       words: 1191
      flesch: 60
     summary: Enlisting the aid of eleven other librarians to help him visualize the future in library leadership, the editor has assem- bled a collection of essays that provide a thoughtful starting point for identifying the role (library) leadership must serve during this decade and the ensuing one. How well the issue is handled will go a long way toward the success or failure of library leadership, and from there our success or failure as li- braries and librarians.
    keywords: leadership; library
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        item: #2440 of 5668
          id: crl-13895
      author: Edelman, Hendrik
       title: Books: The Culture and Commerce of Publishing (Book Review)
        date: 1983-05-01
       words: 1379
      flesch: 58
     summary: He moves from a general intro- duction to the field, through an admirably succinct definition of what rare books and special collections are, and why they are important, to the actual operation of rare book libraries, treating the special acquisi- tion activities required of a rare book li- brary, the processing of rare books, the care, restoration, and housing of rare books, the organization of special collec- tions for use, and the common methods that rare book libraries use to publicize their collections both to potential users and to potential benefactors. For librarians already in the field, Cave's book is a welcome review of major concerns and practices of rare book libraries.
    keywords: book; rare
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        item: #2441 of 5668
          id: crl-13898
      author: Kaser, David
       title: Reference Services and Library Education (Book Review)
        date: 1983-05-01
       words: 1397
      flesch: 63
     summary: Other contributions to this part of the . volume concern the administration and delivery of reference services. Johnnie Givens and James E. Ward write of bibliographical instruction, Robert Burgess discusses computer- assisted reference work, and Eileen Mc- Grath talks of its delivery in liberal arts col- leges.
    keywords: education; library; reference
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        item: #2442 of 5668
          id: crl-13899
      author: Laird, W. David
       title: Academic Librarianship: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow (Book Review)
        date: 1983-05-01
       words: 699
      flesch: 64
     summary: Laying aside those traditional objec- tions, there is an even more pressing con- cern: why should articles on consulting by Ellsworth Mason (the other Ellsworth), centralized cataloging by Joe Howard and Judith Schmidt, and interlibrary coopera- tion by Joe Hewitt be published in a book rather than in a professional journal where they would get much wider distri- bution and :r:eading? College and Research Libraries half century in the beau monde of south- ern letters.
    keywords: university
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        item: #2443 of 5668
          id: crl-13900
      author: Lowrie, Jean E.
       title: Tomorrow's Universities: A Worldwide Look at Educational Change (Book Review)
        date: 1983-05-01
       words: 1941
      flesch: 57
     summary: The book should be of interest to educators in institutions of higher edu- cation who are, now more than ever, searching for innovative means to strengthen or rejuvenate programs, to readers interested in the development of international programs of education at the university level and in the idea that uni- versities have a major role to play in a na- tion's growth and change, and finally, to library education and librarians who must keep abreast of educational patterns at all levels and in all areas of the curriculum both here and abroad.-fean E. Lowrie, Western Michigan University. The problems arising from the national environments in which institutions of higher education plan their programs are many and varied.
    keywords: education; library; university
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        item: #2444 of 5668
          id: crl-13901
      author: Sessions, Judith A.
       title: Microcomputers in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1983-05-01
       words: 1352
      flesch: 48
     summary: The book should be of interest to educators in institutions of higher edu- cation who are, now more than ever, searching for innovative means to strengthen or rejuvenate programs, to readers interested in the development of international programs of education at the university level and in the idea that uni- versities have a major role to play in a na- tion's growth and change, and finally, to library education and librarians who must keep abreast of educational patterns at all levels and in all areas of the curriculum both here and abroad.-fean E. Lowrie, Western Michigan University. The articles on microcomputer applica- tions in academic, public, special libraries, and school library media centers offer some specific examples of who is using what and how, but no comprehensive breakdown of library applications of par- ticular software is included.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #2445 of 5668
          id: crl-13902
      author: Turner, Carol
       title: Collection Development and Public Access of Government Documents: Proceedings of the First Annual Library Government documents and Information Conference (Book Review)
        date: 1983-05-01
       words: 1639
      flesch: 55
     summary: 5· We pick up orders and ship them. 4· The system generates publisher purchase orders.
    keywords: government; libraries; library
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        item: #2446 of 5668
          id: crl-13904
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest
        date: 1983-05-01
       words: 4417
      flesch: 63
     summary: Documents appended include a list of DePauw University library faculty, a collec- tion development policy statement, a building program statement, a rationale for the purchase of a terminal for online searching, and a set of materials on library policies and decision mak- ing. This is followed by Elizabeth Wallace's article on selling and explaining the online catalog to a user community, which in- cludes a description of survey findings on the use of online catalogs by library staff, faculty, and students and a reference list.
    keywords: information; isbn; libraries; library; new; university
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        item: #2447 of 5668
          id: crl-13905
      author: Stern, Madeleine
       title: Characteristics of the Literature of Literary Scholarship
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 6743
      flesch: 57
     summary: In the study on creative writers, the primary sources were further divided into the works of the writer and other primary source materials. For instance, in the source articles on Milton, 44 percent of all references were to publications prior to 1900 because a large percentage of the citations (43.3 percent) were to Milton and to other primary source materials first published prior to 1900.
    keywords: articles; literary; percent; references; source
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        item: #2448 of 5668
          id: crl-13907
      author: Kurkul, Donna Lee
       title: The Planning, Implementation, and Movement of an Academic Library Collection
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 8219
      flesch: 60
     summary: DISTRIBUTION # shelves occupied x 100 # shelves to be occupied Formula %of space to be occupied in area under consideration % of occupied space in area under consideration x 35 = # inches to be filled per shelf 100 # available shelves per area x 100 % of total shelf space to be occupied in area; or % of collection to occupy area # total available shelves into which collection is going total # shelves occupied by collection x % of space to be occupied per area = # shelves to actually fill 100 # shelves per area x # total shelves currently occupied by collection = # shelves to acually fill #total shelves into which collection is going 5 . Since the LC mono- graphs would begin with LC sequence A in level B, south pavilion, this area with 1, 701 available shelves illustrates the ap- plication of formula 3 (see table 4) to obtain the percentage of shelf space to be occu- pied in an area: 1,701 shelves x 100)/17 .355 shelves = 9.8% (percentage of shelf space to be occupied in area, or of LC monograph collection to occupy area- level B, south pavilion) (100% - 9.8% = 90.2 growth space estimated).
    keywords: collection; level; movement; pavilion; shelf; shelves; space
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13907.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13907.txt

        item: #2449 of 5668
          id: crl-13908
      author: Hodge, Stanley P.
       title: Performance Appraisals: Developing a Sound Legal and Managerial System
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 5339
      flesch: 55
     summary: Because P A systems are often used as a primary basis for decision making in the personnel area and serve to link the em- ployee behavior to organizational re- wards, it is important that they provide an accurate reflection of job performance. (These had been described as be- ing critical elements of the job and critical for job performance.)
    keywords: appraisal; behaviors; job; library; performance; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13908.pdf
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        item: #2450 of 5668
          id: crl-13910
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1982-83
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 8821
      flesch: 61
     summary: A six-page bibliography lists reference works, monographs, and arti- cles in English and Western European languages.-A.L. EDUCATION Encyclopedia of Educational Research. The items are classified within nine chapters, the first dealing with reference works.
    keywords: american; bibliography; books; guide; history; index; isbn; library; new; reference; research; volume; works
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13910.pdf
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        item: #2451 of 5668
          id: crl-13911
      author: Ross, Johanna
       title: Observations of Browsing Behavior in an Academic Library (Research Note)
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 3615
      flesch: 73
     summary: When a patron was observed standing at the shelf examining books, an incon- spicuous place providing full view of browsing activity was chosen. Books Removed The number of books that patrons re- moved clusters at the low end of the distri- bution.
    keywords: books; browsing; number
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        item: #2452 of 5668
          id: crl-13912
      author: Lieberfeld, Lawrence
       title: The Curious Case of the Library Building (Research Note)
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 3603
      flesch: 64
     summary: This article describes the levels of utili- zation of library buildings, as observed, monitored, and measured during the course of consulting studies. The discussion will be limited to bound volumes, which occupy approximately 75 percent of the collection space in univer- sity libraries and a somewhat greater pro- portion in college libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library; space; volumes
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13912.pdf
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        item: #2453 of 5668
          id: crl-13914
      author: Spyers-Duran, Peter
       title: Operations Research: A Tool for Library Management (Book Review)
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 511
      flesch: 61
     summary: In the opinion of this reviewer, however, the unneces- sary inclusion of profit sector illustrations distracts from the full impact this text may have on library management literature. Exploitation of sophisticated manage- ment techniques can be found increas- ingly common in library management.
    keywords: management
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        item: #2454 of 5668
          id: crl-13915
      author: John, Nancy R.
       title: AACR2 Headings: A Five-Year Projection of Their Impact on Catalogs (Book Review)
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 686
      flesch: 61
     summary: The in- vestigators place information seeking in context, distinguishing between occupa- tion related and nonoccupational informa- tion needs, and view the library as one of many competing information providers. This book is an important contribution to an ever growing body of literature on the needs of information users.
    keywords: information
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        item: #2455 of 5668
          id: crl-13916
      author: Paulson, Peter J.
       title: Information Seeking: Assessing and Anticipating User Needs (Book Review)
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 1345
      flesch: 57
     summary: This book should be read not only by those interested in re- search on information needs and informa- tion seeking, but also by all those seriously interested in the future role of libraries as information providers.-Peter ]. The in- vestigators place information seeking in context, distinguishing between occupa- tion related and nonoccupational informa- tion needs, and view the library as one of many competing information providers.
    keywords: information; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13916.pdf
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        item: #2456 of 5668
          id: crl-13917
      author: Anderson, LeMoyne W.
       title: Information Technology: Critical Choices for Library Decision-Makers (Book Review)
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 1368
      flesch: 58
     summary: Intended as a textbook in the founda- tions of information work, K. J. McGarry's survey is a ramble through the concepts and history of library and information sci- ence. This book should be read not only by those interested in re- search on information needs and informa- tion seeking, but also by all those seriously interested in the future role of libraries as information providers.-Peter ].
    keywords: information; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13917.pdf
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        item: #2457 of 5668
          id: crl-13918
      author: Besant, Larry X.
       title: Libraries and Librarians in an Age of Electronics (Book Review)
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 709
      flesch: 63
     summary: Lancaster, finally looking back on more than 300 citations, years of thinking and teaching about librarians' electronic fate, consulting for the CIA, and massive expo- sure to the hard radiations of the Univer- sity of Illinois Library administration, can only ask at the end of his unphilosophical philosophy, 'Will the paperless society be in place by the end of the century? This reviewer cannot recom- mend the work as being either particularly conclusive or stimulating as the basis for either that question or its answer.-Larry X. Besant, Linda Hall Library, Kansas City, Missouri.
    keywords: library
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        item: #2458 of 5668
          id: crl-13919
      author: Stam, Deirdre C.
       title: The Changing Context of Information: An Introductory Analysis (Book Review)
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 1531
      flesch: 63
     summary: Intended as a textbook in the founda- tions of information work, K. J. McGarry's survey is a ramble through the concepts and history of library and information sci- ence. McGarry's most valuable contribu- tion is his raising of ethical issues that he reasonably surmises information workers will face in the coming decades.-Deirdre C. Starn, Bibliographical Society of America.
    keywords: information; library; mcgarry
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13919.pdf
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        item: #2459 of 5668
          id: crl-13921
      author: Scepanski, Jordan M.
       title: Scientific Management of Library Operations (Book Review)
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 1407
      flesch: 58
     summary: The second edition is much improved and even more deserving of attention by man- agers, library system analysts, and students.-Jordan M. Scepanski, Vanderbilt University. Anyone involved with libraries or infor- mation who is not yet familiar with this se- ries would be well advised to take this vol- ume and read just the paragraph or two of Conclusions at the end of each review.
    keywords: information; libraries
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        item: #2460 of 5668
          id: crl-13923
      author: Goldstein, Harold
       title: Books for Sammies: The American Library Association and World War I (Book Review)
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 671
      flesch: 64
     summary: To us of a not-so-tender age (I was born one month before the U.S. entered the war in 1917, and I served under Mr. Wheeler at EPFL before World War II), this record will be fascinating for its reve- lation of half a lifetime (ALA's and mine) of concern with librarianship. An- other volume may be needed to answer these two questions; the author provides his answers: new horizons of profes- sionalism and service were the enduring legacies of the American Library Associa- tion's participation in World War
    keywords: war
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13923.pdf
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        item: #2461 of 5668
          id: crl-13924
      author: Wiberley, Stephen E.
       title: Copyright and Library Materials for the Handicapped: A Study Prepared for the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (Book Review)
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 1347
      flesch: 60
     summary: To us of a not-so-tender age (I was born one month before the U.S. entered the war in 1917, and I served under Mr. Wheeler at EPFL before World War II), this record will be fascinating for its reve- lation of half a lifetime (ALA's and mine) of concern with librarianship. An- other volume may be needed to answer these two questions; the author provides his answers: new horizons of profes- sionalism and service were the enduring legacies of the American Library Associa- tion's participation in World War
    keywords: copyright; library; war
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13924.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-13924.txt

        item: #2462 of 5668
          id: crl-13925
      author: Tobin, Carol M.
       title: Online Search Strategies (Book Review)
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 1405
      flesch: 61
     summary: Materials in alternative media are pro- duced principally by nonoprofit organiza- tions including libraries. Libraries take copyright law into account both at the time of original transcription and at dis- semination.
    keywords: copyright; library
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        item: #2463 of 5668
          id: crl-13926
      author: Bauer, Frederick E.
       title: Library and Archives Conservation (Book Review)
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 1346
      flesch: 59
     summary: Russell and G. Levick), geography (R. G. Freestone), and non-Australian history materials located in Australian libraries (R. J. Shultz and Janet F. Schultz). In almost every chapter the careful reader will find a per- sonal glimpse of two individuals whose enthusiasm and missionary spirit have made a lasting impression on the world of library conservation.-Frederick E. Bauer, Jr., American Antiquarian Society Library, Worcester, Massachusetts.
    keywords: conservation; library; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13926.pdf
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        item: #2464 of 5668
          id: crl-13927
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: About College & Research Libraries
        date: 1983-07-01
       words: 1163
      flesch: 62
     summary: In general follow the practices recom- mended by A Manual of Style with these ex- ceptions: Cite journal articles according to: author's first name or initials, author's surname, title of article, title of journal vol- ume: page references (issue date) . PUBLICATION If accepted for publication, the manu- script is generally published from six to nine months after acceptance (depending on the supply of accepted manuscripts) .
    keywords: author; research
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        item: #2465 of 5668
          id: crl-13930
      author: Moran, Barbara B.
       title: Career patterns of Academic Library Administrators
        date: 1983-09-01
       words: 6350
      flesch: 53
     summary: Survey after survey has documented that women are far less likely than men to be appointed as library directors and there is a general awareness in the profession that females have a difficult time attaining a director's position. Although this study examined the ca- reer progression of all the respondents, major emphasis was on the individuals who had become library directors in the decade between 1970 and 1980.
    keywords: directors; females; library; number; professional
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13930.pdf
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        item: #2466 of 5668
          id: crl-13931
      author: McCartt, Anne
       title: The Application of Social Judgment Analysis to Library Faculty Tenure Decisions
        date: 1983-09-01
       words: 7036
      flesch: 50
     summary: 10 Quantitative procedures have been de- veloped to provide externalizations of judgment policies. 11 Social Judgment Analysis provides a means to empirically derive descriptions of judgment policies, thereby revealing in- terpersonal similarities and differences.
    keywords: criteria; faculty; judge; judgment; policies; research; tenure
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13931.pdf
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        item: #2467 of 5668
          id: crl-13932
      author: Onadiran, G. T.; Onadiran, R. W.
       title: Building Library Collections in University Libraries in Nigeria
        date: 1983-09-01
       words: 5623
      flesch: 59
     summary: What is the relationship between book dealers and university libraries in Ni- geria? In a study of the relationship between book dealers and university libraries in Ni- geria, librarians were asked to indicate to what extent they encounter out of print, out of stock, and invoice documentation problems.
    keywords: book; libraries; library; materials; nigeria; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13932.pdf
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        item: #2468 of 5668
          id: crl-13933
      author: Lynch, Beverly P.
       title: Selected Journals in Library and Information Sciences
        date: 1983-09-01
       words: 3532
      flesch: 57
     summary: At the same time, many of the articles do not relate their findings to the issues that dominate mainstream library journals. Books on library management are reviewed from time to time.
    keywords: articles; issues; journal; library; science; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13933.pdf
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        item: #2469 of 5668
          id: crl-13934
      author: Schmitt, John P.; Saunders, Stewart
       title: An Assessment of "Choice" as a Tool for Selection (Research Note)
        date: 1983-09-01
       words: 2913
      flesch: 65
     summary: 4 Daniel Ream demon- strated that Choice reviewed more titles than three other major review media in 1975, although the ACRL publication took the longest to review new books, a fact that could be attributed to a policy of not reviewing from galley proofs. This note provides a formula for esti- mating the number of Africana titles in large libraries using the Library of Con- gress classification schedule.
    keywords: choice; circulation; library; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13934.pdf
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        item: #2470 of 5668
          id: crl-13937
      author: Asheim, Lester
       title: Who Owns the Media? (Book Review)
        date: 1983-09-01
       words: 1877
      flesch: 62
     summary: Banned Films is a well-written and com- pact one-volume guide to the history of film censorship in America as well as a ref- erence book on banned films. But the chapters, and the writers of them, remain the same: two chapters on televi- sion and radio broadcasting, and cable and pay television, are still the work of Christopher H. Sterling; J. Kendrick No- ble, Jr., still deals with book publishing, and Thomas Guback with theatrical film.
    keywords: censorship; edition; media
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13937.pdf
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        item: #2471 of 5668
          id: crl-13939
      author: Weber, David C.
       title: Priorities for Academic Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1983-09-01
       words: 1454
      flesch: 51
     summary: Moreover, the projections of- ten lacked the essential interconnections or syntheses required for the integrated assessment of both the sociopolitical and technological factors affecting the future provision of information services. The contributed papers deal in depth with one or more aspects of such topics as tele- communications and value systems (R. Byrne, J. E. Ruchinskas), information and productivity (V. E. Giuliano), user needs and societal problems whose resolution require information services (B. Nanus, P. Gray, J. Naisbitt), library and information service networks, including political, le- gal, and regulatory factors (A. F. Trezza, R. Turn, H. L. Oler, R. Weingarten, P. Zurkowski), the role of the author in the information society (W. I. Boucher), and expected advances in computer, video, and communications technology (H. S. McDonald, M. Boaz).
    keywords: information; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13939.pdf
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        item: #2472 of 5668
          id: crl-13940
      author: Klempner, Irving M.
       title: Strategies for Meeting the Information Needs of Society in the Year 2000 (Book Review)
        date: 1983-09-01
       words: 656
      flesch: 46
     summary: Moreover, the projections of- ten lacked the essential interconnections or syntheses required for the integrated assessment of both the sociopolitical and technological factors affecting the future provision of information services. The contributed papers deal in depth with one or more aspects of such topics as tele- communications and value systems (R. Byrne, J. E. Ruchinskas), information and productivity (V. E. Giuliano), user needs and societal problems whose resolution require information services (B. Nanus, P. Gray, J. Naisbitt), library and information service networks, including political, le- gal, and regulatory factors (A. F. Trezza, R. Turn, H. L. Oler, R. Weingarten, P. Zurkowski), the role of the author in the information society (W. I. Boucher), and expected advances in computer, video, and communications technology (H. S. McDonald, M. Boaz).
    keywords: information; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13940.pdf
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        item: #2473 of 5668
          id: crl-13943
      author: Gwinn, Nancy E.
       title: The Preservation Challenge: A Guide to Conserving Library Materials (Book Review)
        date: 1983-09-01
       words: 1645
      flesch: 52
     summary: This slim volume reports on research sponsored by the British Library Research and Development Division (BLRDD) to discover the: extent of awareness of on- going research amongst practitioners; their attitudes towards research (and rea- sons for holding them); assessment of the utility and relevance of research to their day to day work; the kind of research that ideally they would like to see in prog- ress. It builds on two earlier and related BLRDD-supported studies-one on the dissemination of research to library educa- tors and one on the dissemination prac- tices of researchers.
    keywords: information; preservation; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13943.pdf
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        item: #2474 of 5668
          id: crl-13946
      author: DePew, John N.
       title: The ACRL Standards for Faculty Status: Panacea or Placebo
        date: 1983-11-01
       words: 4287
      flesch: 55
     summary: As noted earlier, 79 percent of the academic libraries in the United States have some sort of faculty status, but how many have full faculty status? t has been thirteen years since Arthur M. McAnally wrote his lucid defense of faculty status for academic librarians, years in which the profession has seen the creation of a set of standards for faculty status, guidelines for their implementation and their wide-spread acceptance by college and university administrators.
    keywords: academic; faculty; librarians; standards; status
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13946.pdf
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        item: #2475 of 5668
          id: crl-13947
      author: Davidson, Russ; Thorson, Connie Capers; Stine, Diane
       title: Faculty Status for Librarians: Querying the Troops
        date: 1983-11-01
       words: 3943
      flesch: 65
     summary: College and Research Libraries Faculty Status for Librarians: Querying the Troops Russ Davidson, Connie Capers Thorson, and Diane Stine This survey assesses the views of academic librarians within the Rocky Mountain region re- garding the benefits and responsibilities of faculty status. While that survey indicated that most directors think faculty status is appropriate for li- brarians in academic institutions, it also demonstrated their uncertainty regarding the actual benefits accruing to librarians.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; status
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13947.pdf
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        item: #2476 of 5668
          id: crl-13948
      author: Hodowanec, George V.
       title: Literature Obsolescence, Dispersion, and Collection Development
        date: 1983-11-01
       words: 12191
      flesch: 52
     summary: Books in subject-area classifications with no dispersed use, in other words, with only major-department use, are assigned a dispersion factor of 1 to reflect one- department use. By grouping the circulated volumes ac- cording to their Dewey divisional classifi- cations and their years of acquisitions, in- formation on book use as a function of time for each library subject area of each instructional department's curriculum- supporting collection was generated.
    keywords: academic; books; circulation; collection; curriculum; department; dewey; library; obsolescence; subject; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13948.pdf
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        item: #2477 of 5668
          id: crl-13949
      author: Sugranes, Maria R.; Neal, James A.
       title: Evaluation of a Self-Paced Bibliographic Instruction Course
        date: 1983-11-01
       words: 6844
      flesch: 62
     summary: The purpose of this analysis was to examine the possibility that non- course-related experience in the academic milieu could account for the increase in student scores. The detailed information obtained from the testing reports, allowed us to identify troublesome questions, assist students in remediation sessions by checking the items they missed and the subtests they were weak in, maintain accurate records of the students' course completion status, post student scores listed by social secu- rity number, and generally monitor stu- dents' performance.
    keywords: course; instruction; library; questions; scores; students; test
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13949.pdf
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        item: #2478 of 5668
          id: crl-13950
      author: Broadus, Robert N.
       title: Online Catalogs and Their Uses
        date: 1983-11-01
       words: 7023
      flesch: 64
     summary: A review article on the CLR study of online catalogs. During April and May 1982, question- naires were administered to users and nonusers of online catalogs in twenty- nine libraries across the United States.
    keywords: catalog; libraries; library; online; percent; university; users
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13950.pdf
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        item: #2479 of 5668
          id: crl-13951
      author: Buzzard, Marion L.; New, Doris E.
       title: An Investigation of Collection Support for Doctoral Research (Research Note)
        date: 1983-11-01
       words: 3785
      flesch: 59
     summary: 469 470 College & Research Libraries quate library support. And although there are faculty members who are consci- entious in articulating the needs of their graduate students to librarians, as well as bibliographers who actively seek out these users, the latter are seldom identified as an essential contact point for selectors of library materials.
    keywords: citations; library; research; sciences
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        item: #2480 of 5668
          id: crl-13952
      author: Selegean, John Cornell; Thomas, Martha Lou; Richman, Marie Louise
       title: Long-Range Effectiveness of Library Use Instruction (Research Note)
        date: 1983-11-01
       words: 3563
      flesch: 57
     summary: 5 Of library instruction studies with eval- uations, the evaluation efforts seem to fall into one or more of three categories- opinion surveys, knowledge testing, and actual library use observation. Similarly, Breivik found higher course completion rates for library instruction course enrollees.
    keywords: evaluation; instruction; library; students; use
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        item: #2481 of 5668
          id: crl-13953
      author: Gapen, D. Kaye
       title: The Bibliographic Record and Information Technology (Book Review)
        date: 1983-11-01
       words: 1018
      flesch: 52
     summary: The other chapters are presented with similarly balanced scope, detail, and brev- ity and include: The Content and Format of the Bibliographic Record,' 'Using Files of Bibliographic Records,' and 'Creating and Sharing Bibliographic Records . You won't find a wider selection of books your library wants , whether you 're a small college or a large university .
    keywords: bibliographic; book
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        item: #2482 of 5668
          id: crl-13954
      author: Rochell, Carlton C.
       title: The Impact of New Technology on Libraries and Information Centres (Book Review)
        date: 1983-11-01
       words: 1139
      flesch: 54
     summary: Planning the Library Instruction Program grew out of two 1978 seminars, sponsored by the Columbia University School of Li- brary Service, for academic librarians in- volved in instruction programs. She considers the trends in education which emphasize lifelong learning, the nontraditional student, and the develop- ment of independent learning skills.
    keywords: instruction; library
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        item: #2483 of 5668
          id: crl-13956
      author: Jurist, Susan
       title: Online Bibliographic Searching: A Learning Manual (Book Review)
        date: 1983-11-01
       words: 809
      flesch: 62
     summary: In the preface, Dodd sets the objectives of the manual: (1) to provide guidelines for establishing bibliographic conventions for MRDF ...; (2) to suggest integrated levels of recordkeeping for MRDF; (3) to bring into sharper focus the AACR2 rules as they relate to cataloging computerized files; (4) to provide notes, examples, and interpretations of MRDF cataloging, which would otherwise not be available; and (5) to provide working tools for those cataloging MRDF for the first time. Part 1 describes MRDF in basic terms to the uninitiated, and discusses the distinction between documentation and data files.
    keywords: files; mrdf
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        item: #2484 of 5668
          id: crl-13957
      author: Gaunt, Marianne I.
       title: Cataloging Machine-Readable Data Files: An Interpretive Manual (Book Review)
        date: 1983-11-01
       words: 1088
      flesch: 62
     summary: In the preface, Dodd sets the objectives of the manual: (1) to provide guidelines for establishing bibliographic conventions for MRDF ... ; (2) to suggest integrated levels of recordkeeping for MRDF; (3) to bring into sharper focus the AACR2 rules as they relate to cataloging computerized files; (4) to provide notes, examples, and interpretations of MRDF cataloging, which would otherwise not be available; and (5) to provide working tools for those cataloging MRDF for the first time. The text is followed by a 250-item glossary of MRDF related terms and an index.
    keywords: data; mrdf
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        item: #2485 of 5668
          id: crl-13958
      author: Connan, Shere
       title: Introduction to Serials Management (Book Review)
        date: 1983-11-01
       words: 1792
      flesch: 60
     summary: The position de:;criptions presented in this book - from l9f.YJ · \~ I_ information resource manager to support staff - represent various special libraries - from those in advertising and banking firms to those in specialized departments in public and university libraries. In this timely new book. experienced library managers offer advice to decision makers on ways to improve these techniques.
    keywords: library; mrdf; serials
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        item: #2486 of 5668
          id: crl-13962
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications of Interest
        date: 1983-11-01
       words: 1578
      flesch: 72
     summary: Directory of Information Management Soft- ware: For Libraries, Information Centers, Record Centers. A Micro Hand- book for Small Libraries and Media Centers .
    keywords: isbn; library
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        item: #2487 of 5668
          id: crl-13963
      author: Olsgaard, John N.
       title: Characteristics of "Success" Among Academic Librarians
        date: 1984-01-01
       words: 4711
      flesch: 59
     summary: A discussion of the problem of detennining II success' for academic librarians and recommen- dations for further research are also given. The purpose of this study is to conduct a preliminary investi- gation into the characteristics of success among academic librarians.
    keywords: academic; entries; librarians; percent
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        item: #2488 of 5668
          id: crl-13964
      author: Budd, John
       title: The Education of Academic Librarians
        date: 1984-01-01
       words: 6293
      flesch: 51
     summary: What is needed is the revision of library school programs so that they offer graduate education, which includes the availability of detailed func- tional specialization, the opportunity for in-depth study of the intellectual and practical bases of academic libraries and their environment, and the incorporation of a systems approach to the organization, dissemination, and interpretation of knowledge. There are certainly differ- ences among the client.ele served by public libraries, school libraries, special libraries, and academic libraries.
    keywords: academic; education; librarians; librarianship; library; research
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        item: #2489 of 5668
          id: crl-13965
      author: Burckel, Nicholas C.
       title: Participatory Management in Academic Libraries: A Review
        date: 1984-01-01
       words: 5884
      flesch: 41
     summary: Bergman also noted that much of what the library staff does is dic- tated by circumstances and cm1ditions outside the library over which neither staff nor library management have direct con- trol. To put the issue in perspective, this article reviews the major contributions to participatory management theory, examines the arguments of library propo- nents and critics of the theory, and draws some conclusions about its application in libraries. he 1960s and much of the 1970s witnessed a meteoric increase in the number of students at- tending college, partly as a result of the baby boom coming of age and partly because a greater proportion of college-age students continued their post- secondary education in colleges and uni- versities.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; management; participation; participatory; research; staff
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        item: #2490 of 5668
          id: crl-13966
      author: Kenney, Patricia Ann; McArthur, Judith N.
       title: Designing and Evaluating a Programmed Library Instruction Text
        date: 1984-01-01
       words: 4599
      flesch: 55
     summary: robably every academic librar- ian who has attempted to take library instruction into a college classroom has experienced the familiar frustrations described in the bib- liographic instruction literature. We faced such a problem at the Univer- sity of Houston-Victoria, where students receive library instruction as part of Com- munications 3330, a required junior-level course in advanced composition.
    keywords: group; instruction; library; programmed; students; text
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        item: #2491 of 5668
          id: crl-13967
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1982-83
        date: 1984-01-01
       words: 7974
      flesch: 61
     summary: The London Stage, 1910-1919: A Calendar of Plays and Players by J. P. Wearing (Metu- chen, N.L Scarecrow Pr., 1982. 2v. Westport, Conn., Greenwood Pr., 1982.
    keywords: american; bibliography; guide; history; index; information; isbn; reference; research; subject; volume
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        item: #2492 of 5668
          id: crl-13969
      author: Steinberg, David; Metz, Paul
       title: User Response to and Knowledge about an Online Catalog (Research Note)
        date: 1984-01-01
       words: 2872
      flesch: 70
     summary: That 50.6 percent found the computer catalog easier for journal searches, while only 7.1 per- cent preferred the card .catalog, may be due to an aversion to searching through the large number of cards frequently en- countered in card catalogs for the works of corporate authors or for periodicals with common titles. The preference for title searching over author searching is consistent with Norden and Lawrence's findings, even though they report that us- ers of card catalogs prefer the author ap- proach.
    keywords: catalog; library; searching; subject
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        item: #2493 of 5668
          id: crl-13971
      author: Walton, Clyde C.
       title: Archival Forms Manual; Archives & Manuscripts: Reprography; Evaluation of Archival Institutions (Book Review)
        date: 1984-01-01
       words: 1373
      flesch: 62
     summary: Some have been attacked for their imaginative or speculative leaps; others have dealt only with the quantifiable facts in a quest for scientific history. During the past few decades, we have seen the rise and assimilation of such subdisci- plines as family and demographic history, psychohistory, the history of popular cul- ture, women's studies, quantitative social-scientific history, and a host of oth- ers.
    keywords: archives; history
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        item: #2494 of 5668
          id: crl-13972
      author: Starn, David H.
       title: Books and Society in History (Book Review)
        date: 1984-01-01
       words: 1410
      flesch: 57
     summary: The volume concludes with a brief survey by Paul Raabe of research opportunities for librarians in the fields of library history and history of books. Some have been attacked for their imaginative or speculative leaps; others have dealt only with the quantifiable facts in a quest for scientific history.
    keywords: archives; book; history
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13972.pdf
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        item: #2495 of 5668
          id: crl-13973
      author: DePew, John N.
       title: Participatory Management in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1984-01-01
       words: 1170
      flesch: 53
     summary: The volume concludes with a brief survey by Paul Raabe of research opportunities for librarians in the fields of library history and history of books. That minor frustra- tion aside, this is an informative work and an adequate introduction to participative management in libraries-its strengths and weaknesses.
    keywords: library; management
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        item: #2496 of 5668
          id: crl-13974
      author: Zipkowitz, Fay
       title: Union Lists: Issues and Answers; the Future of Union Catalogs (Book Review)
        date: 1984-01-01
       words: 1146
      flesch: 59
     summary: The participants in the Inter- national Symposium on the Future of the Union Catalogue, University of Toronto, May 21-22, 1981, were able to look at the past and present of union catalogs, assess the problems imposed by advancing tech- nology and conflicting standards, and present some interesting directions, in some cases, alternatives, for union catalog development. As to the future of automated union catalogs, she states that 'to date we have merged bibliographic files, not union catalogues.'
    keywords: library; union
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        item: #2497 of 5668
          id: crl-13975
      author: Stueart, Robert D.
       title: Studies in Library Management (Book Review)
        date: 1984-01-01
       words: 1284
      flesch: 63
     summary: The participants in the Inter- national Symposium on the Future of the Union Catalogue, University of Toronto, May 21-22, 1981, were able to look at the past and present of union catalogs, assess the problems imposed by advancing tech- nology and conflicting standards, and present some interesting directions, in some cases, alternatives, for union catalog development. More general chapters include one on work motivation, another on new technol- ogy in academic libraries, and a third on a research investigation into library value.
    keywords: library; union
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        item: #2498 of 5668
          id: crl-13978
      author: Phipps, Shelley
       title: The Marketing of Library and Information Service (Book Review)
        date: 1984-01-01
       words: 666
      flesch: 56
     summary: Although published by Aslib, the ma- jority of articles are by Americans-Robert Wedgeworth, Fay Blake and Edith Perlmutter, Shirley Echelman, Douglas Ferguson, Martha Boaz-these people will be instrumental in whether there is a fu- ture market for libraries and will play a major role in how library service is mar- keted. the Aslib Reader series, the editor has limited selec- tion to articles pertaining to the marketing of library services (as distinct from the mar- keting of scientific and technical informa- tion).
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13978.pdf
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        item: #2499 of 5668
          id: crl-13979
      author: Phipps, Shelley
       title: Marketing the Library (Book Review)
        date: 1984-01-01
       words: 977
      flesch: 56
     summary: Although published by Aslib, the ma- jority of articles are by Americans-Robert Wedgeworth, Fay Blake and Edith Perlmutter, Shirley Echelman, Douglas Ferguson, Martha Boaz-these people will be instrumental in whether there is a fu- ture market for libraries and will play a major role in how library service is mar- keted. the Aslib Reader series, the editor has limited selec- tion to articles pertaining to the marketing of library services (as distinct from the mar- keting of scientific and technical informa- tion).
    keywords: library; marketing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13979.pdf
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        item: #2500 of 5668
          id: crl-13980
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1984-01-01
       words: 1330
      flesch: 71
     summary: This is absurd; I am talking about the waste that is taking place right now in the planning and construction of dozens of academic library buildings. In general, newer ways of storing and transmitting information im- ply that academic library buildings in the distant future may not require as much collection space as they do now-but in the meantime there are 600,000,000 bound volumes to be accommodated.
    keywords: buildings; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13980.pdf
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        item: #2501 of 5668
          id: crl-13981
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications of Interest
        date: 1984-01-01
       words: 958
      flesch: 82
     summary: Subject Directory of Special Libraries and Informa- tion Centers: A Subject Classified Edition of Mate- rial Taken from Directory of Special Libraries and Information Centers. ISBN 0-8389-0369-X. Automation in Libraries: A LITA Bibliography, 1978-1982.
    keywords: isbn
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        item: #2502 of 5668
          id: crl-13982
      author: Smith, Karen F.; Frost, Tamara U.; Lyons, Amy; Reichel, Mary
       title: Tenured Librarians in Large University Libraries
        date: 1984-03-01
       words: 3855
      flesch: 57
     summary: That a librarian's productivity does not decline with the granting of tenure is evi- dent in the comparison of scholarly activi- ties before and after tenure and in the con- tinued professional involvement and number of promotions received after be- ing granted tenure. The survey was designed to gather data on the characteristics and accomplish- ments of tenured librarians.
    keywords: librarians; percent; tenure
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        item: #2503 of 5668
          id: crl-13984
      author: Alzofon, Sammy R.; Van Pulis, Noelle
       title: Patterns of Searching and Success Rates in an Online Public Access Catalog
        date: 1984-03-01
       words: 3482
      flesch: 68
     summary: 7 Pease and Gouke, in a recent study, found that 70 percent of online catalog searches in the OSU Main Library were for known items. Success rates also suggest that there is a group of online catalog users who are highly motivated to seek out instruction and learn to use the catalog well. n July 1, 1982, Ohio State Uni- versity Libraries announced the closing of the card catalogs, ter- minating the dual catalog sys- tem which had existed since 1975, when the first online public access terminal be- came available.
    keywords: catalog; online; percent; searches
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        item: #2504 of 5668
          id: crl-13985
      author: Lynch, Beverly P.
       title: Selected Journals in Library and Information Sciences
        date: 1984-03-01
       words: 3534
      flesch: 57
     summary: Current columns include Printout, a regular column of 'news from around the world of online information,' 'Manage- ment Outpost, II European Notes, 11 Document Delivery, II and a book- review section. • All the databases available on BRS, grouped by major subject categories into families showing the breadth of online information.
    keywords: articles; information; issue; online; women
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        item: #2505 of 5668
          id: crl-13987
      author: Sellen, Mary K.
       title: Bibliometrics in Information Science: A Citation Analysis of Two Academic Library Journals (Research Note)
        date: 1984-03-01
       words: 1430
      flesch: 64
     summary: Questions specifically asked in this study are (1) do academic li- brarians use more periodical articles or monographs in their research; (2) do arti- cles in specific journal titles reference that specific journal; and (3) in what years are the majority of references found? Figure 2 indicates that the majority of journal articles in the 1981 C&RL were published in 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1979.
    keywords: c&rl; library
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        item: #2506 of 5668
          id: crl-13988
      author: Payne, Joyce; Wagner, Janet
       title: Librarians, Publication, and Tenure (Research Note)
        date: 1984-03-01
       words: 3747
      flesch: 60
     summary: 1-1 ~ TABLE 1 n 0 PUBLICATION IN ACRL LIBRARIES-COMPARISON WITH RAYMAN AND GOUDY* = ~ Faculty Academic (JQ All Other ~ Category by Responses Status Status Status ~ Professional R&G P&W R&G P&W R&G P&W R&G P&W Classification College and Research Libraries Research Notes 133 Librarians, Publication, and Tenure Joyce Payne and Janet Wagner Over the past ten years, there has been a plethora of literature on faculty status for academic librarians.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; status
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        item: #2507 of 5668
          id: crl-13990
      author: Spreitzer, Francis F.
       title: Micropublishing: A History of Scholarly Micropublishing in America, 1938-1980 (Book Review)
        date: 1984-03-01
       words: 1089
      flesch: 55
     summary: He agrees with numerous librarian writers in attributing user resistance to micro- forms to the need for a reading device, and to the alleged unsatisfactory quality of most microform readers. Libraries in Senegal; Continuity and Change in an Emerging Na- tion.
    keywords: library; meckler
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        item: #2508 of 5668
          id: crl-13991
      author: Harvey, John F.
       title: Libraries in Senegal; Continuity and Change in an Emerging Nation (Book Review)
        date: 1984-03-01
       words: 1078
      flesch: 55
     summary: Libraries in general, library history, legislation, associations, libraries, buildings, collections, processes, surveys, national bibliography, reading, and ar- chives are covered. Senegal is partic- ularly appropriate for historical attention: it has exerted a strong influence on its francophone neighbors, and its archives cover library activities from their early ql NCGR,E~GOR jj < .
    keywords: library; west
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        item: #2509 of 5668
          id: crl-13993
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1984-03-01
       words: 424
      flesch: 48
     summary: This concise and informative over- view of library service in the Federal Republic describes types of libraries, library functions and administrative procedures, cooperative activities, and central institutions. Continues bibli- ography in Weibel, Heim, and Ellsworth's Role of Women in Librarianship, 1876-1976, including items omitted from it and materials issued 1977-81 on women's evolving status in the library and information science professions.
    keywords: library
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        item: #2510 of 5668
          id: crl-13994
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest
        date: 1984-03-01
       words: 2382
      flesch: 63
     summary: This progress report delineates activities completed during the first year of a federally funded project to catalog and preserve the Charles Coffin Collection, located in the Tuscu- lum College Library at Greenville, Tennessee. That All May Read: Library Service for Blind and Physically Handicapped People.
    keywords: isbn; libraries; library; members
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13994.pdf
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        item: #2511 of 5668
          id: crl-13995
      author: Schmidt, C. James
       title: C&RL's New Editor
        date: 1984-05-01
       words: 332
      flesch: 54
     summary: The articles included offer different perspectives on a single theme-the impact of information and its associated technologies on academic libraries and librarianship. I am honored to have been asked to serve the profession in this capacity and have ac- quired from this service, among other things, a deep appreciation for the work that editors do, an appreciation that will inform my reading of librarianship journals in the years to come.
    keywords: library
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        item: #2512 of 5668
          id: crl-13996
      author: Arms, William Y.
       title: Scholarly Information
        date: 1984-05-01
       words: 2635
      flesch: 63
     summary: 165 166 College & Research Libraries OCLC was able to build on earlier work by the Library of Congress and the British National Bibliography in establishing an international format for exchanging cata- log records between computer systems. Another prob- lem is the variety of computer systems.
    keywords: computer; data; information; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13996.pdf
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        item: #2513 of 5668
          id: crl-13997
      author: Battin, Patricia
       title: The Library: Center of the Restructured University
        date: 1984-05-01
       words: 4546
      flesch: 42
     summary: Universities are now faced with a dual challenge: we must provide new struc- tures of access to knpwledge in an increas- ing variety of formats and, at the same time, continue to preserve, manage, and make available scholarly information in the traditional printed formats with ap- propriate links between all formats. The Research Libraries Group (RLG) represents a focused effort by a number of research universities and their libraries to reshape information services for scholars.
    keywords: information; library; new; research; scholarly; scholars; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13997.pdf
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        item: #2514 of 5668
          id: crl-13998
      author: Guskin, Alan E.; Stoffle, Carla J.; Baruth, Barbara E.
       title: Library Future Shock: The Microcomputer Revolution and the New Role of the Library
        date: 1984-05-01
       words: 4488
      flesch: 54
     summary: Inflation continues to eat away at the core of the physical facilities and in- structional equipment and materials, and this is nowhere more apparent than in university libraries. A second critical matter that university policymakers must face that will have a di- rect impact on the library is the microcom- puter revolution and the increased de- mand for computer use.
    keywords: computer; faculty; information; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-13998.pdf
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        item: #2515 of 5668
          id: crl-13999
      author: O'Neil, Robert M.
       title: Academic Libraries and the Future: A President's View
        date: 1984-05-01
       words: 3248
      flesch: 51
     summary: Seldom, of course, are col- lege and university libraries faced with crude censorship threats of the kind that increasingly these days beset school and public libraries. Let us suppose we might redesign-or design from scratch-the standards, and the process, by which libraries are judged.
    keywords: libraries; library; new; research; university
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        item: #2516 of 5668
          id: crl-14003
      author: Cochrane, Pauline Atherton; Handlin, Oscar; Edelman, Hendrik; Herbster, William
       title: Research Library Collections in a Changing Universe: Four Points of View
        date: 1984-05-01
       words: 6755
      flesch: 51
     summary: The report's broadest conclusions, which addressed the role of the research library and library collections in the university of the future, became the focus of a half-day seminar held on the Cornell campus early in April1983. Such investments must be made, and they must be made in full knowledge that technology is not a cost saver for research libraries.
    keywords: academic; collections; cornell; information; libraries; library; new; research; university
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        item: #2517 of 5668
          id: crl-14004
      author: Mosher, Paul H.
       title: The Foundations of the German Academic Library (Book Review)
        date: 1984-05-01
       words: 880
      flesch: 57
     summary: Indeed, every librarian will find much of interest in these pages; any academic li- brarian who feels overwhelmed, under- staffed, and undervalued should read the account of staffing and hours during the early days at Leipzig University Library, or the noxious results of juxtaposing the university library and the medical school operating theater at the University of Halle. The book is an am- plification of Ku11off' s 1972 Indiana dissertation on the impact of the Enlight- enment on German university libraries.
    keywords: library; university
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        item: #2518 of 5668
          id: crl-14005
      author: Haydon, Tom
       title: Fiction, 1876-1983: A Bibliography of United States Editions (Book Review)
        date: 1984-05-01
       words: 1365
      flesch: 60
     summary: Based upon the questions given in the foreword as examples of the types of que- ries that Fiction is capable of answering, Bowker apparently expects this book to be a kind of one-stop authority for reference questions dealing with the U.S. publica- tion of fiction editions . Titles are omitted; editions are omitted or incor- rectly priced; entries are unnecessarily in- complete; nonfiction titles are listed as fic- tion; some entries are not even correctly alphabetized.
    keywords: editions; fiction; libraries
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        item: #2519 of 5668
          id: crl-14006
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1984-05-01
       words: 2448
      flesch: 57
     summary: The time is now for doing something about this embarrassing situation. PHILIP E. LEINBACH Tulane University Libraries, New Orleans, Louisiana To the Editor: John N. DePew's argument that faculty status causes librarians undue difficulties and strain contains one basic flaw. The statement that librarians with faculty status are wearing the hats of two professions is nonsense.
    keywords: faculty; libraries; status; university
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        item: #2520 of 5668
          id: crl-14007
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest
        date: 1984-05-01
       words: 3497
      flesch: 64
     summary: The nature of library work and the im- plications of the American Library Associa- tion's (ALA) position on library education and work force are discussed . These re- ports discuss the methodology and results of: (1) a library survey of purchasing, photocopy- ing, reserve, online searching, and interlibrary lending and borrowing activities in U.S. public, academic, federal, and special libraries; (2) a second, more precise phase of the library sur- vey involving compilation of two logbooks for interlibrary loan transactions and staff- conducted photocopying of library materials in 150 selected U.S. libraries; (3) a survey of U.S. book and serial publishers covering their publi- cations, revenues, receipt of photocopying per- mission requests, licenses with document de- livery services, and sales of reprints and article copies; and (4) two library user surveys con- ductedin21 U.S .
    keywords: american; information; isbn; libraries; library; research
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        item: #2521 of 5668
          id: crl-14010
      author: Sellen, Mary K.; Jirouch, Jan
       title: Perceptions of Library Use by Faculty and Students: A Comparison
        date: 1984-07-01
       words: 4437
      flesch: 57
     summary: College and Research Libraries Perceptions of Library Use by Faculty and Students: A Comparison Mary K. Sellen and Jan Jirouch Two equivalent questionnaires were distributed to faculty and students to detennine (1) if fac- ulty expectations of student library use differed from the students' perceptions of their actual use; and (2) if expectations and use were affected by college division, student class level, or class level taught. 2. Did faculty from the different college divisions have varying expectations of student library use
    keywords: class; library; use
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        item: #2522 of 5668
          id: crl-14011
      author: Kaser, David
       title: Twenty-Five Years of Academic Library Building Planning
        date: 1984-07-01
       words: 6543
      flesch: 61
     summary: Now library buildings were expected to serve two functions, one bibliothecal and the other symbolic. Monumentality in library buildings can July 1984 take many forms.
    keywords: academic; buildings; college; early; high; libraries; library; modular; university
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        item: #2523 of 5668
          id: crl-14012
      author: Karr, Ronald Dale
       title: The Changing Profile of University Library Directors, 1966-1981
        date: 1984-07-01
       words: 2384
      flesch: 67
     summary: Were library directors in the early 1980s a different breed than their predecessors in the mid-1960s? CAREER PATTERNS Future directors of major university li- braries usually launched their careers in academic libraries, a tendency that is be- coming increasingly pronounced.
    keywords: directors; libraries; library
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        item: #2524 of 5668
          id: crl-14013
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1983-84
        date: 1984-07-01
       words: 7011
      flesch: 59
     summary: Virtually every article shows reworking or updating (contributed articles are no longer signed) and there are many new entries. In addition to revision and updating of exist- ing articles, there are many new entries and a number of deletions (e.g., Canadian writers are now omitted in view of the new Companion for Canadian literature).
    keywords: american; bibliography; english; entries; guide; index; isbn; new; reference; volume; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14013.pdf
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        item: #2525 of 5668
          id: crl-14014
      author: Pond, Kurt; Burlingame, Dwight F.
       title: Library Cooperation: A Serials Model Based on Philosophical Principles (Research Note)
        date: 1984-07-01
       words: 4603
      flesch: 57
     summary: Third, the agents not only knew the con- sequences of evaluating serials, but they had a great deal of control over the conse- quences of their actions. In addition to evaluating serials, the faculty members were given the opportunity to evaluate the proposals that were based upon the July 1984 survey responses.
    keywords: cooperation; faculty; project; serial
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        item: #2526 of 5668
          id: crl-14017
      author: Aveney, Brian
       title: The Electronic Library: The Promise and the Process (Book Review)
        date: 1984-07-01
       words: 1641
      flesch: 62
     summary: Most of the serious interest to date in 'the electronic library' has come from public libraries. In Prag- matic Bibliography, Patrick Wilson contrasts wholesale or comprehensive bibliography (the compilation of national and trade bibliogra- phies, library catalogs, and abstracting and in- dexing journals) ·with pragmatic bibliography (the activity of one person engaged in a specific limited inquiry) .
    keywords: libraries; library; service
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        item: #2527 of 5668
          id: crl-14019
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest
        date: 1984-07-01
       words: 3285
      flesch: 73
     summary: Joint Committee on University Library Standards (Revised), which provides additional perspec- tives on budget allocation systems. Report of a meeting sponsored by the Council on Library Resources, Dublin, Ohio, June 7-9, 1982.
    keywords: cloth; information; isbn; library; paper
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        item: #2528 of 5668
          id: crl-14020
      author: Martell, Charles R.
       title: Editorial: To Those Who Dedicate Their Lives
        date: 1984-09-01
       words: 430
      flesch: 73
     summary: Taku Frank Nimura, li- brarian, had devoted twenty-five years of his professional life to both the academic com- munity and the library staff at California State University, Sacramento. Daily, library managers practice their craft: to plan, direct, and control.
    keywords: years
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        item: #2529 of 5668
          id: crl-14023
      author: Olum, Paul
       title: Myths and Realities: The Academic Viewpoint I
        date: 1984-09-01
       words: 3725
      flesch: 65
     summary: A variation on this is that there could be one or more major centers for holdings (e.g., a national periodicals center), and other libraries would simply ... 364 College & Research Libraries call on them for a bulk of the material. Faced with a library space problem, the University of Oregon studied alternatives such as off-campus compact storage and decided that this was an optimum decision only for libraries with collections in the four- to five-million-volume range.
    keywords: library; research; university
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        item: #2530 of 5668
          id: crl-14026
      author: Martell, Charles R.
       title: Myths, Schooling, and the Practice of Librarianship
        date: 1984-09-01
       words: 5519
      flesch: 57
     summary: The final judgment regarding the success of user studies and other similar forms of objec- tive evaluation should be: • What direct benefits do library users ex- perience? Traditionally, library school students have not been taught to examine the pro- fessional model; they have been taught faith.
    keywords: knowledge; librarianship; libraries; library; myths; professional; social; user
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        item: #2531 of 5668
          id: crl-14027
      author: Courtois, Martin P.; Goetsch, Lori A.
       title: Use of Nonprofessionals at Reference Desks (Research Note)
        date: 1984-09-01
       words: 3947
      flesch: 51
     summary: Reasons for this change include expanded services coupled with a tighter economic situation andlhe need to free profession- als to provide bibliographic instruction and computerized literature searching. 390 College & Research Libraries Also, some managers commented that the nature of reference desk use does not al- ways require the presence of a profes- sional and that desk duty is not the most efficient use of a professional's time. The staffing of reference desks by non- professionals has been a subject of contro- versy in academic librarianship.
    keywords: desk; nonprofessionals; percent; reference
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        item: #2532 of 5668
          id: crl-14028
      author: Mosley, Madison
       title: A Profile of the Library Learning Resources Center in Small Community/Junior Colleges (Research Note)
        date: 1984-09-01
       words: 2056
      flesch: 58
     summary: Be- cause of its more limited fiscal resources, the library learning resources center in the small community college is often not able to embrace the same administrative con- figurations and practices that have been adopted by library learning resources cen- ters at the larger two-year institutions. Qualitative stan- dards (not guidelines) that establish mini- mum .levels of staff, resources, and ser- vices needed for a quality program must be identified if senior administrators are to support learning resources centers as they should be supported.
    keywords: college; learning; library
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        item: #2533 of 5668
          id: crl-14029
      author: Olaosun, Adebayo
       title: Materials Provision Survey at the University of Ife Library, Nigeria (Research Note)
        date: 1984-09-01
       words: 3197
      flesch: 69
     summary: Arrangement of Materials Satisfaction is not only a product of a plentiful supply of materials; it is also a product of how well the materials are or- ganized for easy retrieval. 2 The present study revealed the existence in the library of some ma- chinery for informing all members of aca- demic staff about new materials available.
    keywords: library; materials; resources
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        item: #2534 of 5668
          id: crl-14031
      author: Easterbrook, David L.
       title: World Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1984-09-01
       words: 1657
      flesch: 64
     summary: The work itself is set into the context of no fewer than four key evolutionary terms introduced by the editors: metalibrarian- ship, world study in librarianship, global librarianship, and extraterrestrial librar- ianship. The methodological framework for anal- ysis in this study developed in the first section (p.3-53) is not well complemented by the second section (p.57-198) in which uneven area studies are put forth as a means for developing world study in li- brarianship.
    keywords: headings; librarianship
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        item: #2535 of 5668
          id: crl-14032
      author: Mouw, James
       title: Serials Management in An Automated Age (Book Review)
        date: 1984-09-01
       words: 705
      flesch: 61
     summary: What is needed in World Librarianship is more con- sistent, balanced, and substantive area studies edited to be less discursive in con- tent. Intended as a text, the methodological framework for analysis the editors have developed in World Librarianship will, in spite of the work's weaknesses, be of in- terest to students and teachers of compar- ative librarianship.-David
    keywords: serials
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        item: #2536 of 5668
          id: crl-14033
      author: Welch, Theodore F.
       title: Scientific Information Systems in Japan (Book Review)
        date: 1984-09-01
       words: 1370
      flesch: 54
     summary: The papers dealing with this topic include the group study on the planning of scientific information sys- tems in Japan (Shimanouchi), the Report of the 0-Committee on the development of scientific information systems in Japan (Tanaka), and the paper on the develop- ment of interuniversity computer net- works in Japan (Inose). The final report of a three-year project supported by Japan's Ministry of Education, Science, and Cui- • ture and conducted between 1976 and 1979, this volume deals with the formation process of information systems and the or- ganization of scientific information.
    keywords: information; scientific; serials
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        item: #2537 of 5668
          id: crl-14035
      author: Westfall, Gloria
       title: Introduction to United States Public Documents (Book Review)
        date: 1984-09-01
       words: 1909
      flesch: 55
     summary: Designed to assist library managers in con- ducting effective cost studies, this document provides a summary of the data for the eighty- one member libraries that responded to a sur- vey of technical services cost studies conducted by the Association of Research libraries (ARL) in April1982 and seven reports of such studies. One of the most important changes has been, of course, the present administra- tion's drive to reduce publishing costs, a program that has, as Morehead points out, been transformed into a systematic assault on access to public information.'
    keywords: documents; information; libraries
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        item: #2538 of 5668
          id: crl-14037
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest
        date: 1984-09-01
       words: 5932
      flesch: 74
     summary: Designed to assist library managers in con- ducting effective cost studies, this document provides a summary of the data for the eighty- one member libraries that responded to a sur- vey of technical services cost studies conducted by the Association of Research libraries (ARL) in April1982 and seven reports of such studies. This paper presents the experience of Clarion State College libraries in supporting an off- campus program offered for graduate library science students in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and discusses the rationale for off-campus con- tinuing education library service.
    keywords: cloth; d d; information; isbn; libraries; library; new; paper; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14037.pdf
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        item: #2539 of 5668
          id: crl-14038
      author: Traister, Daniel
       title: Guest Editorial: Rare Books and Manuscripts
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 793
      flesch: 44
     summary: From the recruitment and training of special collec- tions personnel, their career patterns, and demographic characteristics, to the planning and mounting of exhibitions, creation of exhibition catalogs, and reports on procedures that advance or retard the physical care of exhibited materials, to basic questions about the provision of reference and supervisory assistance in special collections reading rooms, pat- terns in the use of special collections materials, the architecture, security, and physical en- vironment of special collections facilities, the management of professional and nonprofes- sional special collections staff, and the articulation of collection development policies-without forgetting matters related to donor relations and money-anything that concerns the librarianship of special collections librarianship will be welcomed. Special collections librarians form a relatively large subgroup of ACRL, and their section has an a dive history .
    keywords: collections; special
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        item: #2540 of 5668
          id: crl-14039
      author: Farren, Donald
       title: Integration or Separation: A Preface
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 803
      flesch: 47
     summary: College and Research Libraries Integration or Separation: A Preface Donald Farren he Rare Books and Manuscripts Section of ACRL responds to the needs and concerns of li- brarians and specialists respon- sible for the care, custody, and use of rare books, manuscripts, and archives. Three thoughtful practitioners offered dif- ferent perspectives on the issue: Clifton H. Jones, who is director of the DeGolyer Library of Southern Methodist Univer- sity, Dallas; William L. Joyce, who is assis- tant director for Rare Books and Manu- scripts at the New York Public Library; and Richard C. Berner, who was head of the University Archives & Manuscripts Division in the University of Washington Libraries, Seattle, a post from which he is now retired.
    keywords: books
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        item: #2541 of 5668
          id: crl-14042
      author: Berner, Richard C.
       title: Manuscript Collections, Archives, and Special Collections: Their Relationships
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 2298
      flesch: 49
     summary: Often there is more than one category of manuscript collection at a single institution. A further complication, in academic li- braries at least, is that administratively these historical manuscript collections re- mained in special collections units even af- ter the collections had developed beyond the embryo stage.
    keywords: collections; manuscript; records
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        item: #2542 of 5668
          id: crl-14043
      author: Sewell, Robert G.
       title: Trash or Treasure? Pop Fiction in Academic and Research Libraries
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 8042
      flesch: 57
     summary: Wayne Wiegand, an embattled advo- cate of popular culture collections, places the blame on the resistant attitudes in li- brary schools and libraries: Academic library collection development has an inertia of its own which is aided and abetted by the academic librarian's preconceived pre~­ lections, conservative training and book on- ented practical experience. In contrast to the conclusions in Currents of Wann Life that popular culture's struggle for life is over, Stevenson and other advocates of popular culture collections in academic li- braries realize that they are still on the de- fensive.13 They know, What librarians have traditionally identified as 'trash,' 'entertainment,' and 'escape literature' are the basic resources of popular culture research.
    keywords: collection; culture; fiction; libraries; library; popular; popular culture; research; science
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14043.pdf
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        item: #2543 of 5668
          id: crl-14044
      author: Shirk, Gary M.
       title: Financing New Technologies, Equipment/Furniture Replacement, and Building Renovation: A Survey Report
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 3818
      flesch: 66
     summary: Public libraries and university libraries, both public and private, differ in their use of financing methods. The type of project was cited as important by university libraries but was not men- tioned by public libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library; methods; public; university
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        item: #2544 of 5668
          id: crl-14045
      author: Mellon, Constance A.
       title: Process Not Product in Course-Integrated Instruction: A Generic Model of Library Research
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 5112
      flesch: 56
     summary: As the generic model of library research developed and grew with input from li- brarians, composition teachers, and in- structors from other undergraduate disci- plines, it became clear that the traditional methods of assigning research papers and introducing library research were inade- quate. Since attitudes are pivotal to the development of competent research- ers, it was decided that the following ob- jectives should be stressed in presenting the library to students: an understanding of the intrinsic role of library research in undergraduate education; a sense of ben- efit to result from effective library use; the development of an attitude of library com- petence in the student; an appreciation of the reference librarian's professional role · and the complexity of academic libraries; an understanding of library search as chal- lenging rather than frustrating; and a re- definition of library success as compe- tence in search processes rather than as number of items retrieved.
    keywords: information; library; process; research; students; writing
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        item: #2545 of 5668
          id: crl-14046
      author: Carlson, David; Miller, Ruth H.
       title: Librarians and Teaching Faculty: Partners in Bibliographic Instruction
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 6121
      flesch: 57
     summary: These are the questions that now face BI librarians. Their influence is most often the difference be- tween a perfunctory use of materials and dedi- cated examination of the rich store of scientific literature typically available in most college li- braries.13 Most reference and BI librarians will af- firm the accuracy of Mcinnis' observation.
    keywords: faculty; instruction; librarian; library; program; students
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        item: #2546 of 5668
          id: crl-14047
      author: Pagell, Ruth A.; Lusk, Edward J.
       title: An Experimental Design to Test Sponsorship and Dating Effects in Library Questionnaire Design (Research Note)
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 1341
      flesch: 63
     summary: Such question- Research Notes 495 naires should not have return dates af- fixed. II. Faculty sponsorship and return dates seem likely to increase return rates for M.B.A.'s.
    keywords: questionnaires; return
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        item: #2547 of 5668
          id: crl-14049
      author: Brooks, Terrence Alan
       title: Using Time-Series Regression to Predict Academic Library Circulations (Research Note)
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 2808
      flesch: 62
     summary: Random errors in library time series such as monthly circula- tion totals spring from all manner of hu- man and mechanical sources; they are akin to static interferring with a radio transmission. The results of this study show the supe- riority of forecasting methods that can model the cyclicity of academic library sta- tistics.
    keywords: forecasting; library; methods; time
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        item: #2548 of 5668
          id: crl-14051
      author: Miller, Constance
       title: Computerized Literature Searching: Research Strategies and Databases; Online Information Retrieval in Australian Academic Libraries; Literature Searching in Science, Technology, and Agriculture (Book Review)
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 2815
      flesch: 52
     summary: While, as search intermediaries well know, an educated consumer can be a great addition to an online search pro- cess, in the face of the detail the computer retrieval chapter provides, it is fair to ask why end user oriented systems like Knowledge Index or BRS After Dark, 11 are not even mentioned. With the intention, it appears, of producing educated con- sumers of information technology, Prit- chard and Scott provide diagrams illus- trating Boolean logic and examples of actual searches on Dialog, SDC, BRS, and Medline.
    keywords: academic; libraries; online; searching
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        item: #2549 of 5668
          id: crl-14052
      author: Shirk, Gary M.
       title: Financial Planning for Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 2031
      flesch: 56
     summary: Con- textually, however, it remains a collection of nine articles, not chapters, preceded by Martin's introduction outlining issues in academic library financial planning. Besides, it's remarkable that anyone could write about public library planning and budgeting to- day without even a casual reference to Vernon Palmour' s Planning Process for Pub- lic Libraries (1980) which has had an inesti- mable impact on thinking is this area.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; planning
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        item: #2550 of 5668
          id: crl-14053
      author: Schultheiss, Louis A.
       title: Introduction to Automation for Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 668
      flesch: 60
     summary: The second section of the book, which is almost exactly half of the total work, deals with library applications of automation, with separate chapters on computerized circulation control systems, automated cataloging, automated reference service, and automated acquisitions and serials control. -of this brave and thoughtful book, Stephen Bulick summarizes the questions he has asked and the conclu- sions he has drawn: 'The two themes mainly in the author's mind during the course of this work were the sociology of knowledge and the development and maintenance of library collections.
    keywords: library
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        item: #2551 of 5668
          id: crl-14054
      author: Metz, Paul
       title: Structure and Subject Interaction: Toward a Sociology of Knowledge in the Social Sciences (Book Review)
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 1350
      flesch: 58
     summary: -of this brave and thoughtful book, Stephen Bulick summarizes the questions he has asked and the conclu- sions he has drawn: 'The two themes mainly in the author's mind during the course of this work were the sociology of knowledge and the development and maintenance of library collections. We too often think of the latter as received from above, but Bulick reminds us that in its developmental stages, LC was an emerging commentary on and at- tempt to organize emerging disciplines.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #2552 of 5668
          id: crl-14055
      author: Broidy, Ellen
       title: Career Profiles and Sex Discrimination in the Library Profession (Book Review)
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 1355
      flesch: 55
     summary: We too often think of the latter as received from above, but Bulick reminds us that in its developmental stages, LC was an emerging commentary on and at- tempt to organize emerging disciplines. From the preface, where that statement appears, and contin- uing throughout the work, the reader is constantly reminded of the difficulties fac- ing women in our (numerically) female- dominated profession.
    keywords: library; research
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        item: #2553 of 5668
          id: crl-14058
      author: Mann, Thomas L.
       title: Selecting Materials for Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 1413
      flesch: 55
     summary: The workshop was structured so that there were 'three separate but inter- related seminars, to cover broadly the themes of national library and information service development, the influence of so- cial and technological change on library and information services (LIS), and edu- cation in libraries. Standard cataloging systems don't handle government publications well, AACR2 has made the situation worse, and many libraries have policies against pro- viding full cataloging for them.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #2554 of 5668
          id: crl-14059
      author: Glascoff, Ann
       title: The Development of National Library and Information Services: Papers Given at the First Library Association International Workshop, London, 1981 (Book Review)
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 1961
      flesch: 55
     summary: More than any other factor, this promises the survival of book libraries and shelf-classified collections.' The workshop was structured so that there were 'three separate but inter- related seminars, to cover broadly the themes of national library and information service development, the influence of so- cial and technological change on library and information services (LIS), and edu- cation in libraries.
    keywords: book; libraries; library
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        item: #2555 of 5668
          id: crl-14060
      author: Daugherty, Robert Allen
       title: Shelf Access in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 707
      flesch: 62
     summary: The initial chapter traces the evolu- tion of shelf classification and direct access from ancient times through the nine- teenth century. Problems and ambiguities of shelf classification receive more elabo- rate attention in the second chapter.
    keywords: shelf
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        item: #2556 of 5668
          id: crl-14061
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 2453
      flesch: 57
     summary: Thus it was important for us to find out about the subgroup of academic librarians who had al- ready received tenure at large university libraries. We hope someone else will do a more sophisticated study to update and improve our information about the professional productivity of academic librarians.
    keywords: ability; job; librarians; successful
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        item: #2557 of 5668
          id: crl-14062
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications of Interest
        date: 1984-11-01
       words: 5617
      flesch: 69
     summary: Papers on the education and training of li- brarians, which were presented at the 1983 In- ternational Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference, include: (1) The Role of New Technology in the Librarianship Sylla- bus/' in which J. A. Large and R. F. Guy (United Kingdom) describe possible problems related to the integration of new technology in library school curricula and the experience of introducing such instruction at the College of Librarianship Wales; (2) Teaching New Tech- nologies: Whose Role Is It? in which G. Edward Evans (United States) outlines his view that library schools must teach students about operations, applications, and use of informa- tion/telecommunications technology; (3) The Codified System of Post-School Training of Li- brarians in the Slovak Socialist Republic, a re- port by Horst Hogh (Czechoslovakia) on that country's permanent cyclical continuing educa- tion system for librarians; (4) Comparative Trends in Library and Information Science Cur- ricula in the USA, Canada, and the Federal Re- public of Germany-A Study Originating from the IFLA Project 'Equivalency and Reciproc- ity,' in which Diann D. Rusch focuses on ed- ucational requirements and specializations and on the response of library schools to changes in the job market; and (5) ' Papers on art libraries and information ser- vices for the arts, which were presented at the 1983 International Federation of Library Associ- ations (IFLA) conference, include: (2) 'I See All': Information Technology and the Universal Availability of Images' by Philip Pacey (United Kingdom); (2) Online Databases in the Fine Arts by Michael Rinehart (United States); (3) State of Automation in Swiss Art Libraries: The General Situation by Karl Jost (Switzer- land); (4) Computerisation in Swiss Art Li- braries: State of the Art by Jean-Pierre Du- bouloz (Switzerland) (English translation by Morag Morton); (5) Computer Applications to Slide Collections by A. Zelda Richardson (United States); (6) ARLIS/ANZ (Art Libraries Society/Australia New Zealand) and Art Li- braries in the Antipodes by Valerie Richards (New Zealand); (7) The Art and Architecture Thesaurus Project by Pat Molholt (United States); (8) Information Technology & Visual Images: Some Trends & Developments by Patrick Purcell and Henry Okun (United States); (9) The Development, Management, and Preservation of Art and Architecture Mi- croform Collections by Paula Chiarmonte (United States); (10) Online Databases for Ar- chitects and Designers' by Valerie J. Bradfield (United Kingdom); (11) CeCILE: A Biblio~ graphic Database for Design at the Pompidou Centre by C. Mihailovic (France) (English translation by Ian Sheridan); (12) Systeme Recent Publications
    keywords: associations; cloth; international; isbn; libraries; library; paper; united
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        item: #2558 of 5668
          id: crl-14065
      author: Bensman, Stephen J.
       title: Journal Collection Management as a Cumulative Advantage Process
        date: 1985-01-01
       words: 12166
      flesch: 52
     summary: The paper argues that these laws are operative not only in library usage but also in the social stratification of scholarship, and it poses the hypothesis that the concentration of journal usage in academic libraries is par- tially a reflection of the process of the formation of scholarly elites. This study involved the anal- ysis of monograph usage at the Hillman Library, a central research library empha- sizing the humanities and social sciences, as well as of journal usage at six branch sci- ence and engineering libraries.
    keywords: citation; journal; libraries; library; percent; research; science; social; study; university; usage; use
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        item: #2559 of 5668
          id: crl-14067
      author: Line, Maurice B.
       title: Use of Citation Data for Periodicals Control in Libraries: A Response to Broadus
        date: 1985-01-01
       words: 1006
      flesch: 68
     summary: If it is worth pursuing the use of JCR at all, we do not need more studies of gen- eral correlations between JCR rank lists and library uses, but studies of correlations at the fringes of use. While citation rank lists may not correlate badly with local use of all periodicals held, the correlation grows weaker as one goes further down the lists.
    keywords: use
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        item: #2560 of 5668
          id: crl-14068
      author: Broadus, Robert N.
       title: On Citations, Uses, and Informed Guesswork: A Response to Line
        date: 1985-01-01
       words: 938
      flesch: 68
     summary: There are Robert N. Broadus is professor in the School of Library Science at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514 . Line's chain of thought seems to be: (1) journal ranks by use are unstable; (2) ranks by citation counts are stable; (3) therefore, citations do not reflect actual use; and (4) therefore, since both use and citation studies are very imperfect predic- tors of local needs or wants, we may as well have the users say what they want and let them take the consequences.
    keywords: use
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        item: #2561 of 5668
          id: crl-14071
      author: Sheehy, Eugene Paul
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1983-84
        date: 1985-01-01
       words: 8755
      flesch: 59
     summary: Having previously complained in this column of the inconvenience resulting from a seeming trend toward publishing various ,,heavy use reference works in two volumes rather than one, it seems only fair to commend the return of The World of Learning (Ed. 34, 1983/84) to the single-volume format. This is followed by a second alpha- betical listing of the languages with a chronological listing of publication dates of relevant works together with authors' names and subject areas.
    keywords: american; bibliography; books; english; entries; history; index; isbn; reference; subject; title; work
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        item: #2562 of 5668
          id: crl-14074
      author: Euster, Joanne R.
       title: Women in Higher Education Administration (Book Review)
        date: 1985-01-01
       words: 1185
      flesch: 50
     summary: The most significant chapters may well be the concluding three, which deal with the philosophy behind support for special programs for women, the responsibilities of senior women administrators to other women, and an analysis of emerging is- s?es and reco~ended strategies. Career mapping, skills development, networking, increased visi- bility within higher education and on indi- · vidual campuses, and meetings that bring together senior male administrators and identified women in high visibility situa- tions are basic components of the pro- grams described.
    keywords: education; women
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        item: #2563 of 5668
          id: crl-14076
      author: Hill, Janet Swan
       title: Melvil Dewey: The Man and the Classification (Book Review)
        date: 1985-01-01
       words: 1394
      flesch: 55
     summary: It should be of special interest to any librar- ian or system designer considering the place of classification in the future of li- braries and library catalogs, both as secu- rity considerations inspire flirtation with closed stacks, and as computer capabili- ties allow reconsideration of the possibili- ties for providing library users with en- hanced access to information via subject.-Janet Swan Hill, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. While it is noble to give 'conscientious and congenial consider- ation of articles and research papers which either by their length or their nature would find other publication sources un- receptive' (B. Kreissman's introduction), it makes it difficult for the reviewer to rec- ommend this volume to any but those whose collections of library literature are truly comprehensive.
    keywords: classification; library
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        item: #2564 of 5668
          id: crl-14079
      author: Bentley, Stella
       title: Austerity Management in Academic Libraries; The Academic Library in Times of Retrenchment (Book Review)
        date: 1985-01-01
       words: 1372
      flesch: 60
     summary: The specific topics covered are research, particularly national data and statistics and in-house research; the prob- lems and solutions presented by library and information technology and coopera- tion and resource sharing; and the future for librarians as managers and the future prospects for academic libraries in En- gland. The presentations pro- vide an excellent review of the current state of British academic libraries and the implications of retrenchment in academic 92 College & Research Libraries libraries in terms of policy formulation, planning, decision making, staffing, and services.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #2565 of 5668
          id: crl-14087
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1985-01-01
       words: 1837
      flesch: 64
     summary: The table is captioned IN- DEXES CONCERNING OPERATING EXPENDITURES, 1976-77 .... But the pertinent one, again consistently, captions itself 'INDEXES CONCERNING OPERATING EXPENDITURES, 1974-75, while the column is captioned AS PERCENT OF OPERATING EXPENDITURES, 1973-74.
    keywords: data; expenditures; library
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        item: #2566 of 5668
          id: crl-14090
      author: Walker, Robin Gay; Greenfield, Jane; Fox, John; Simonoff, Jeffrey S.
       title: The Yale Survey: A Large-Scale Study of Book Deterioration in the Yale University Library
        date: 1985-03-01
       words: 11645
      flesch: 67
     summary: Since a pH of 5.4 or below is very acidic (i.e., well below neutral), the percentage of acidic books identified in the survey is conservative. Most of the older collections contained a high percentage of brittle books.
    keywords: books; intact; libraries; library; paper; percent; sample; survey; volumes; yale
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14090.pdf
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        item: #2567 of 5668
          id: crl-14091
      author: Meredith, Joseph C.
       title: Scholarly Reprint Publishing in the United States: A New Look
        date: 1985-03-01
       words: 4133
      flesch: 61
     summary: The resultant 'Direc- tory of Reprint Publishers4 filled a defi- nite need, for in the absence of any associ- ation of reprint publishers, nothing of the sort had been compiled up to that time. In her 1969 questionnaire, Nemeyer asked reprint publishers to indicate the primary basis on which they selected titles for publication: (a) personal knowledge of subject fields, (b) awareness of unmet de- mands for copies on the used book mar- ket, (c) appearance of titles on recom- mended book lists, (d) advice from paid consultants, (e) advice from faculty, librar- ians, scholars, and (f) other.
    keywords: libraries; nemeyer; publishing; reprint; scholarly
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        item: #2568 of 5668
          id: crl-14092
      author: Gardner, Charles A.
       title: Book Selection Policies in the College Library: A Reappraisal
        date: 1985-03-01
       words: 4332
      flesch: 53
     summary: Small and medium-sized colleges still de- pend heavily on faculty selection. , faculty have been largely responsible for book selection in academic libraries.
    keywords: book; college; faculty; libraries; library; selection
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        item: #2569 of 5668
          id: crl-14093
      author: Person, Ruth J.; Phifer, Kenneth O.
       title: Support for Literacy Education in Academic Libraries
        date: 1985-03-01
       words: 3412
      flesch: 49
     summary: In spite of the scarcity of literature on library services to college literacy education programs, 152 College & Research Libraries this survey suggests that academic li- braries have an important role to play in such programs, and that this mission is being carried forward by the respondents. Are four-year college libraries involved in such support, or is the focus still evident largely in community college libraries?
    keywords: college; community; literacy; programs
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        item: #2570 of 5668
          id: crl-14094
      author: Williams, Lisa B.
       title: Selecting Rare Books for Physical Conservation: Guidelines for Decision Making
        date: 1985-03-01
       words: 4222
      flesch: 63
     summary: Although any consideration of book conservation by librarians generally focuses on the technical aspects of diagno- sis and treatment, another level of deci- sion making is usually required: in a time when severely curtailed budgets are the norm, librarians, curators, and conserva- tors are forced to select for treatment only a few of the many potential candidates in a collection. Such volumes could be evaluated routinely according to the guidelines.
    keywords: book; conservation; library; use; value; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14094.pdf
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        item: #2571 of 5668
          id: crl-14097
      author: Oltmanns, Gail V.; Schuh, John H.
       title: Purposes and Uses of Residence Hall Libraries (Research Note)
        date: 1985-03-01
       words: 3269
      flesch: 65
     summary: In planning residence hall libraries, the data suggest that residence hall libraries can best be developed to meet the leisure reading needs of residential students. Spe- cific reasons that contributed to colleges and universities sustaining the viability of residence hall libraries included adequate funding for the purchase of current mate- rials, adequate staff, and the security of materials in the libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library; residence
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        item: #2572 of 5668
          id: crl-14099
      author: Korey, Marie Elena
       title: Scholars and Gentlemen (Book Review)
        date: 1985-03-01
       words: 1403
      flesch: 54
     summary: Like his predecessor, Alexander J. Wall, Vail worked to achieve closer cooperation with other New York institutions. Although it received an occasional grant from the state of New York early in its his- tory, and some funds from private foun- dations and federal funding agencies in the twentieth century, the institution has survived primarily on an endowment built up by philanthropic New Yorkers.
    keywords: library; society
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        item: #2573 of 5668
          id: crl-14100
      author: Lanier, Don
       title: Library Technical Services (Book Review)
        date: 1985-03-01
       words: 1817
      flesch: 53
     summary: The editor of Library Technical Seroices: Operations and Management says that the March 1985 text is intended to provide an overview of current technical services operations. This vol- ume might, however, more accurately be entitled Leaders in American Libraries since the fifteen people included have all been library directors.
    keywords: librarians; library; technical
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        item: #2574 of 5668
          id: crl-14101
      author: Cullars, John
       title: Leaders in American Academic Librarianship, 1925-1975 (Book Review)
        date: 1985-03-01
       words: 1393
      flesch: 57
     summary: Thus, despite the casual nature of the selection process and the exorbitant price, this book can be recommended to those concerned with the development of American academic libraries and the strengths and limitations of those library directors who built and dominated them for fifty years.-John Cullars, University of Illinois at Chicago. This vol- ume might, however, more accurately be entitled Leaders in American Libraries since the fifteen people included have all been library directors.
    keywords: academic; library
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        item: #2575 of 5668
          id: crl-14102
      author: Reed, Lawrence L.
       title: Library Instruction and Reference Services; Increasing the Teaching Role of Academic Libraries; Third International Conference on Library User Education: Proceedings (Book Review)
        date: 1985-03-01
       words: 1880
      flesch: 53
     summary: Three other papers by Beverley Labbett, Elaine Martin, and Ralph Tab- berer report on three different projects de- signed to investigate information and its use among students; their conclusions- even allowing for differences in the British and American educational systems- merit serious scrutiny by anyone involved in designing library instruction programs for undergraduates. In be- tween are essays on library instruction to develop critical thinking skills and the teaching of search strategy, an interesting essay on Alternatives to the Term Pa- March 1985 per,' a survey of bibliographic instruction programs, and a description of the LOEX program.
    keywords: instruction; libraries; library
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        item: #2576 of 5668
          id: crl-14103
      author: Courtois, Martin
       title: Evaluating Bibliographic Instruction (Book Review)
        date: 1985-03-01
       words: 1168
      flesch: 55
     summary: College and Research Libraries even allowing for differences in the British and American educational systems- merit serious scrutiny by anyone involved in designing library instruction programs for undergraduates. Other chapters, Evaluation and Its Uses and Evaluating in Terms of Es- tablished Goals and Objectives,' describe the value of formal evaluation procedures and the need to base evaluation on clearly stated and appropriate goals and objec- tives.
    keywords: evaluation; instruction
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14103.pdf
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        item: #2577 of 5668
          id: crl-14106
      author: Harloe, Bart
       title: Reference Sources for Small and Medium-Sized Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1985-03-01
       words: 701
      flesch: 59
     summary: Or again, the chapter on education sources begins with this useful advice: Librari- ans should be wary of investing large amounts in sources that will become quickly dated, and care should be taken to update sources regularly, especially direc- tories and catalogs. Not only have nonprint sources been added, but the scope of the work has also been ex- panded to include reference materials for children and young adults as well as out- of-print reference books considered to be essential to a basic reference collection.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14106.pdf
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        item: #2578 of 5668
          id: crl-14107
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1985-03-01
       words: 1408
      flesch: 56
     summary: The use of nonprofessionals in reference work is largely taboo in British academic libraries. To the Editor: T. D. PHILLIPS University Librarian Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada I read with great interest the article by Courtois and Goetsch 'Use of Nonprofessionals at Reference Desks (September 1984).
    keywords: nonprofessionals; reference
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        item: #2579 of 5668
          id: crl-14108
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications
        date: 1985-03-01
       words: 5343
      flesch: 82
     summary: Athens: Univ. of Georgia Pr., 1984. Athens: Univ. of Georgia Pr., 1984.
    keywords: cloth; gale; isbn; library; new; paper; univ
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14108.pdf
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        item: #2580 of 5668
          id: crl-14109
      author: Martell, Charles
       title: Editorial: Autonomy and Bureaucracy
        date: 1985-05-01
       words: 698
      flesch: 55
     summary: It requires that we develop new roles and new expectations about how those roles are performed. This process has unusual implica- tions for our current bureaucracies since knowledge work requires that we set aside time- honored professional constraints that provide narrow limits on what we will do for our users.
    keywords: bureaucracy
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14109.pdf
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        item: #2581 of 5668
          id: crl-14110
      author: Veaner, Allen B.
       title: 1985 to 1995: The Next Decade in Academic Librarianship, Part I
        date: 1985-05-01
       words: 14046
      flesch: 48
     summary: We can ask another question relating to financing academic library services: is it possible to expand (or contract) library or library-like services incrementally, in ac- cordance with market demand? Its purpose is to explore the implications of the changes to be expected within the foreseeable future (1985-95) in the environment, mission, functions, and operations of academic libraries (from junior colleges to large research universi- ties) on librarians and librarianship.
    keywords: academic; academic librarians; academic library; access; acrl; bibliographic; college; faculty; information; libraries; library; materials; new; research; services; systems; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14110.pdf
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        item: #2582 of 5668
          id: crl-14112
      author: Gould, Donald P.
       title: Measuring Levels of Work in Academic Libraries: A Time Based Approach
        date: 1985-05-01
       words: 8122
      flesch: 56
     summary: It would appear that men and women in library work are equally socialized to the fair-pay levels for library work, but this question needs fur- ther research. It is now possible, using this approach, to focus on the issue of pay in library work.
    keywords: levels; libraries; library; pay; professional; span; time; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14112.pdf
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        item: #2583 of 5668
          id: crl-14113
      author: Mitchell, W. Bede; Swieszkowski, L. Stanislava
       title: Publication Requirements and Tenure Approval Rates: An Issue for Academic Librarians
        date: 1985-05-01
       words: 3855
      flesch: 59
     summary: Eighty-one (58 percent) of all there- spondents reported tenure track status for most or aM of their librarian positions, yet only 38 of these institutions require evi- dence of research and publication before granting tenure to librarians. 2 This scenario suggests that librarians with faculty status may find it difficult to earn promotion and tenure when their re- search and publication standards are simi- lar to those that their colleagues on the in- structional faculty must meet.
    keywords: librarians; percent; status; tenure
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        item: #2584 of 5668
          id: crl-14115
      author: Williamson, W. L.
       title: Summing Up: The Science of Reviewing Research (Book Review)
        date: 1985-05-01
       words: 2003
      flesch: 58
     summary: Light and Pillemer convincingly argue that well-done re- views not only can prevent such duplica- tion but, even more important, can help to shape improved research studies that gen- uinely advance knowledge . The findings support a view of the library as a most unrestricted and unpre- May 1985 dictable bazaar for the exchange of ideas andre- flect a much more catholic and interdependent view of knowledge than citation studies have ever suggested.
    keywords: library; studies; study; use
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        item: #2585 of 5668
          id: crl-14118
      author: Kaser, David
       title: The Carnegie Corporation and the Development of American College Libraries, 1928-1941 (Book Review)
        date: 1985-05-01
       words: 573
      flesch: 61
     summary: The editors set out nobly enough by concluding in their opening notes: 'We believe that the driv- ing force behind the development of new programs and systems should not be sim- ply the allure of new technology. Michael Goldstein writes about public policy, but this is not related back to learner needs.
    keywords: telecommunications
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        item: #2586 of 5668
          id: crl-14119
      author: Hassler, Thomas
       title: The Expanding Role of Telecommunications in Higher Education (Book Review)
        date: 1985-05-01
       words: 1261
      flesch: 57
     summary: Among other accomplishments within the academic library profession that re- sulted from Carnegie grants between 1928 and 1941 were the development of the first sets of four-year and junior college library standards, the preparation by Charles B. Shaw of the first list of books for four-year colleges and of Foster Mohrhardt' s list of books for junior college libraries, and B. Lamar Johnson's library-college exper- iment at Stephens College. In addition, the corpora- tion granted $1,824,500 to college libraries on its own initiative.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #2587 of 5668
          id: crl-14122
      author: Jakubs, Deborah
       title: Acquisitions Management and Collection Development in Libraries; Acquisition Policies and Procedures (Book Review)
        date: 1985-05-01
       words: 2116
      flesch: 55
     summary: Acquisi- tions work has become more complex since Ford's book appeared, and Hickey and Magrillleave no stone unturned in de- scribing and reviewing the ways in which this aspect of library work can be man- aged. It is impossible to draw any meaningful conclusions about patterns in academic libraries with such a wide spread of statistical information.
    keywords: book; collection; library
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        item: #2588 of 5668
          id: crl-14123
      author: Brown, Doris R.
       title: Retrospective Conversion (Book Review)
        date: 1985-05-01
       words: 1213
      flesch: 54
     summary: An entire book composed of case studies of retrospective conversion projects, how- ever, makes for difficult reading. There is much that is superfluous and a lot that is redundant in this method of compiling de- scriptions of separate conversion projects.
    keywords: conversion; libraries
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        item: #2589 of 5668
          id: crl-14124
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1985-05-01
       words: 3419
      flesch: 51
     summary: Likewise, there have been no good studies demonstrating that three or four hours of library instruction spread over four years of undergraduate education really suffice to impart library skills; that the average college graduate could pass a library skills test six months after graduating from college; that the average college graduate, no matter how heavily exposed to library skills in schoot will ever be more than an occasional or sporadic user of the library in later life; or that librarians, who I suppose do possess such skills, are any better educated, better informed, or more knowledgeable than millions of other middle-class people successfully plying their trades as diplomats, politicians, businessmen, accountants, college professors, nurses, engineers, or architects. She implies that the library's mission is to teach library skills because all educated people need such skills in our 'information society.
    keywords: faculty; library; reference; research; students
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        item: #2590 of 5668
          id: crl-14125
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications
        date: 1985-05-01
       words: 7536
      flesch: 79
     summary: contact: Swets SubSCription Service Heereweg 347-b 2161 CA Lisse 280 College & Research Libraries Colorado, the University of Arizona, and the University of Texas, Austin; (3) four automated services studies conducted at the University of Cincinnati, the University of illinois, Pennsyl- vania State University, and Texas A & M Uni- versity; and (4) three studies of special classes of library users conducted at the University of Arizona, Michigan State University, and Cor- nell University. This collection of library documents, which il- lustrates current techniques for conducting user studies in order to facilitate specific public services planning and priority-setting efforts at the member libraries of the Association of Re- search Libraries (ARL), contains excerpts from (1) four general user studies conducted at the University of British Columbia, the University of New Mexico, New York University, and the University of California, Riverside; (2) three sci- ence user studies conducted at the University of Swets ... an attractive, many facetted and transparent subscription service.
    keywords: american; cloth; gale; information; isbn; libraries; library; new; paper; research; university; york
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        item: #2591 of 5668
          id: crl-14126
      author: Martell, Charles
       title: Editorial: Creative Behavior in Libraries
        date: 1985-07-01
       words: 1172
      flesch: 62
     summary: [Daniel P. Haney, Creativity: A Drive From Within, Sacramento Bee (Feb. 3, 1985), p.A22 .] I do not believe that they are creative behaviors.
    keywords: creative; libraries
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        item: #2592 of 5668
          id: crl-14127
      author: Veaner, Allen B.
       title: 1985 to 1905: The Next Decade in Academia Librarianship, Part II
        date: 1985-07-01
       words: 9125
      flesch: 48
     summary: Allen B. Veaner Based upon the vision of greatly reduced mechanical and production concerns for academic librarians within the next decade, the author (1) describes required skills, knowledgeJ atti- tudes, and abilities in areas of intellect and human relations, (2) suggests revised educational requirements for academic librarians, and (3) concludes with a plea that academic librarians focus upon increased development of their mental, intellectual, and administrative talents. The concluding part will sug- gest specific skills, abilities, attitudes, and knowledge that academic librarians will require for the remaining years of this cen- tury.
    keywords: academic; academic librarians; acrl; college; education; information; librarians; librarianship; library; new; research; skills
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14127.pdf
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        item: #2593 of 5668
          id: crl-14129
      author: Fraser, David
       title: Memory Skills: Whose Concern?
        date: 1985-07-01
       words: 4434
      flesch: 59
     summary: 22 When most of us are con- fronted by the task of studying and memo- rizing an entirely new piece of information-for instance an historical event, or a scientific formula, or the ele- ments of a literary plot-we apparently ei- ther search in prior memory for something similar with which to associate the new in- formation, or we concoct some kind of memory strategy, verbal or visual, clever or mundane, by which that unfamiliar new material can not only be initially proc- essed, but be permanently retained and readily recalled Could there, in fact, be certain right types of memory strategies that would be particularly effective for us when matched to particular media-one group of strate- gies, perhaps, for verbal media and an- other type for pictorial media?
    keywords: information; media; memory; new; processing; skills; strategies
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        item: #2594 of 5668
          id: crl-14132
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1984-85
        date: 1985-07-01
       words: 9266
      flesch: 58
     summary: Name and title indexes com- plete the volume.-E.S. Gephart, Ronald M. Revolutionary Amer- . There are name and title indexes, but the guide's major flaw is the lack of a subject index; 354 College & Research Libraries this is only partly compensated by the ap- pendixes and the extensive table of contents.-S.S. Kaplan, Jonathan, ed.
    keywords: american; articles; bibliography; entries; guide; index; information; libraries; library; literature; title; work
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        item: #2595 of 5668
          id: crl-14133
      author: Gaver, Mary V.
       title: Libraries and the Learning Society (Book Review)
        date: 1985-07-01
       words: 2106
      flesch: 56
     summary: She notes, how- ever, that school libraries are tradition- ally the last type of library to be included in any multi-type cooperative (although there are some indications, as in New Jer- sey and New York, that this condition is changing). Sullivan makes special men- tion of the fact that two stereotypes still ex- ist and continue to delay the incorporation of school libraries into networks: the no- July 1985 tions that all 'school library collections are alike so they won't have much to offer, and school libraries are self-sufficient be- cause of the limited demands made upon them.
    keywords: education; libraries; library
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        item: #2596 of 5668
          id: crl-14134
      author: Pankake, Marcia
       title: Abstracting and Indexing Services in Perspective, Miles Conrad Memorial Lectures (Book Review)
        date: 1985-07-01
       words: 1257
      flesch: 55
     summary: College and Research Libraries 364 College & Research Libraries ate level and that the 'discipline of the li- brary media specialist is the discipline of any library and information specialist ex- cept that the particular application is in this case in the school. Since 1968, an expert in index- ing, abstracting, or information service has been invited to address the annual meeting to honor Conrad.
    keywords: information; library
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        item: #2597 of 5668
          id: crl-14135
      author: Manning, Dale
       title: Frank Waters: A Bibliography with Relevant Selections from His Correspondence
        date: 1985-07-01
       words: 1944
      flesch: 56
     summary: Tanner's descriptions of the various edi- tions of Water's writings are as scrupulous and meticulous as any connoisseur of de- scriptive bibliography could wish them to be and cover his subject thoroughly from two pieces of juvenilia that appeared in a Colorado grade school literary magazine through all the author's books, pam- phlets, periodical contributions (including the numerous pieces written for the award-winning Southwestern weekly newspaper El Crepusculo, which Waters edited for two years), to Waters' contribu- tions to books and articles written by oth- ers, and even book jacket blurbs for his own and others' books. The author is emphatic, believing that archi- vists and records managers must be activ- ists in their organization, asserting their influence early in the decision-making process for determining retention and dis- position of machine-readable records.
    keywords: book; tanner; waters
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        item: #2598 of 5668
          id: crl-14138
      author: Kissinger, Pat
       title: The Library in Society (Book Review)
        date: 1985-07-01
       words: 702
      flesch: 57
     summary: Political, economic, and technological conditions in our society make the role of the federal government in library and in- formation services of major importance not only to libraries and librarians, but to all citizens. ISBN 0-87287-379-X. The authors and their six contributors, who intended this work as an introduc- tory text for library science students, state that they seek to provide a theoretical and conceptual framework that would aid in developing a better understanding of the role of libraries in society.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #2599 of 5668
          id: crl-14139
      author: Foster, Constance L.
       title: College Librarianship (Book Review)
        date: 1985-07-01
       words: 1373
      flesch: 54
     summary: Political, economic, and technological conditions in our society make the role of the federal government in library and in- formation services of major importance not only to libraries and librarians, but to all citizens. Small li- braries (20,000 volumes or less), polytechnic colleges of further education (vocational), monotechnic (navigation, art), sixth form, tertiary, and the libraries in polytechnic library schools receive con- sideration within the context of the oper- July 1985 ating environment for college libraries.
    keywords: librarianship; libraries
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        item: #2600 of 5668
          id: crl-14140
      author: La Plante, M. J.
       title: The Assertive librarian (Book Review)
        date: 1985-07-01
       words: 1656
      flesch: 54
     summary: Small li- braries (20,000 volumes or less), polytechnic colleges of further education (vocational), monotechnic (navigation, art), sixth form, tertiary, and the libraries in polytechnic library schools receive con- sideration within the context of the oper- July 1985 ating environment for college libraries. These advanced service technologies are typical of how Baker &: Thylor stays in step with the times, building on our experience to bring you the latest in library services.
    keywords: college; libraries; library
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        item: #2601 of 5668
          id: crl-14141
      author: Schreiber, Robert E.
       title: Access to Media (Book Review)
        date: 1985-07-01
       words: 1214
      flesch: 51
     summary: She also considers some specific situational rights and responsibili- ties of librarians, library users, and the governing bodies over libraries. In the chapters that follow are described the current situation with regard to biblio- graphic access and how it developed in public and other libraries; and a study of attitudes of public librarians toward me- Recent Publications 375 dia, in terms of organization of materials and bibliographic access.
    keywords: access; rights
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        item: #2602 of 5668
          id: crl-14145
      author: Dougherty, Richard M.
       title: Research Libraries in an International Setting: Requirements for Expanded Resource Sharing
        date: 1985-09-01
       words: 4318
      flesch: 47
     summary: Much progress can be documented, and librari- ans in most Western countries can point with justifiable pride to significant pro- grams intended to facilitate national pro- grams of sharing library resources. Higher costs and the physical deterioration of library research collections are likely to influence not only national but also international resource-sharing agreements.
    keywords: lending; libraries; library; research; resource; sharing
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        item: #2603 of 5668
          id: crl-14147
      author: Ford, Vikki
       title: PR: The State of Public Relations in Academic Libraries
        date: 1985-09-01
       words: 3562
      flesch: 58
     summary: 7 Citing the combined need to provide better user information, to build a positive image, and to project that image to users and potential support groups, Carroll urges academic libraries to join the communications era of the 1980s.8 To fill the information gap surrounding library PR programs, a survey was con- ducted to characterize and determine the scope of the current state of academic li- brary PR. 21 More recently, Frank Wylie, director of public affairs at California State University and ex-president of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), completed a national survey of library PR programs.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; programs
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        item: #2604 of 5668
          id: crl-14148
      author: Reynolds, Judy; Whitlatch, Jo Bell
       title: Academic Library Services: The Literature of Innovation
        date: 1985-09-01
       words: 8604
      flesch: 46
     summary: A review of existing literature, however, provides no comprehensive theory of organizational innovation. ~here is evidence that large Academic Library Services 411 library organizations do not facilitate the .
    keywords: academic; hage; innovation; libraries; library; new; organizational; professional; research; services; structure
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        item: #2605 of 5668
          id: crl-14151
      author: Webster, Duane E.
       title: Organizational Structure of Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1985-09-01
       words: 1314
      flesch: 48
     summary: In his · references to academic libraries, Martin's lack of understanding of their nature and function constitutes a rather significant shortcoming in his generally astute per- ceptions. The author states the following: College libraries can in part be thought of as extensions of high school libraries; 'the academic librarian is more accurately referred to as 'the keeper of the book'; large research libraries 'strive for self- sufficiency'; and 'in academic library ad- September 1985 ministration, this is a time not for the builder but for the conservator.'
    keywords: libraries; library; management
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        item: #2606 of 5668
          id: crl-14154
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1985-09-01
       words: 4446
      flesch: 89
     summary: Norman, Okla.: Univ. of Oklahoma Pr., 1984. Univ. of Oklahoma Pr., 1985.
    keywords: cloth; isbn; new; paper; york
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        item: #2607 of 5668
          id: crl-14155
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1985-09-01
       words: 2859
      flesch: 63
     summary: et al: ISBN 0-8155-1028-4; $36. al: ISBN 0-8155-1022-5 ; $52.
    keywords: editor; inventory; isbn; library
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        item: #2608 of 5668
          id: crl-14156
      author: Martell, Charles
       title: Editorial: Say Hello
        date: 1985-11-01
       words: 565
      flesch: 73
     summary: But most of us carry around in the recesses of our mind simi- lar memories about what has been given to us by former teachers. I thoug~t, 'My Lord, all we have forgotten about is the people who have given their lives to us as teachers.'
    keywords: system
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        item: #2609 of 5668
          id: crl-14157
      author: Holley, Edward G.
       title: Defining the Academic Librarian
        date: 1985-11-01
       words: 4814
      flesch: 58
     summary: Let me start by renewing my faith in the need for academic librarians to possess four kinds of knowledge in addition to his or her professional library skills: 1. I assume that the reason most of us are academic librarians as op- posed to being public, school, or special li- brarians is that (1) we enjoy the academic life, (2) we want to be a part of the learning process, (3) we have some modest or ac- tive interest in research, and (4) we value the place of the library in learning and scholarship.
    keywords: academic; degree; librarians; library; research; university
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        item: #2610 of 5668
          id: crl-14158
      author: Hoadley, Irene B.; Creth, Sheila; White, Herbert S.
       title: Reactions to Defining the Academic Librarian
        date: 1985-11-01
       words: 6018
      flesch: 60
     summary: These include • reference service • reserve operations • acquisitions • cataloging Academic libraries are also part of one of the most conservative institutions around-higher education. Both Irene Hoadley and Sheila Creth stressed that one impor- tant quality of academic library adminis- .
    keywords: academic; faculty; knowledge; librarians; library; research
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        item: #2611 of 5668
          id: crl-14159
      author: Brown, Nancy A.
       title: Managing the Coexistence of Hierarchical and Collegial Governance Structures
        date: 1985-11-01
       words: 2694
      flesch: 46
     summary: While there is no one solution to these problems, it is imperative that university libraries operate in such a manner as to be judged effective or the mandate of the library stands in some danger of being at least partially distrib- uted. and re- Nancy A. Brown is university librarian and director of libraries at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N OWO.
    keywords: collegial; library; structure; university
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        item: #2612 of 5668
          id: crl-14161
      author: Yeh, Thomas Y.
       title: A Profile of Academic Libraries in China
        date: 1985-11-01
       words: 2848
      flesch: 68
     summary: Thomas Y. Yeh Operating under rules issued from the central government in Beijing, academic libraries in China share common characteristics and problems. On the other hand, the use of academic libraries is very high.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; percent
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        item: #2613 of 5668
          id: crl-14162
      author: Millson-Martula, Christopher
       title: The Effectiveness of Book Selection Agents in a Small Academic Library
        date: 1985-11-01
       words: 3887
      flesch: 49
     summary: A review of the literature indicates that smaller academic libraries are not un- dertaking studies of the relationship of book use and book selector responsibility, or, if they are, the results are not being broadly disseminated to the profession. Although the Hardesty study seems to be the only reported study of book use and selection responsibil_ity in a small aca- Books Circulations per Book Circulated for Books Circulated 157 2.01 80 2.25 42 1.71 demic library, several such studies have been conducted in university libraries.
    keywords: books; circulation; collection; study
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        item: #2614 of 5668
          id: crl-14165
      author: Smith, Tom
       title: The Right to Information: Legal Questions and Policy Issues (Book Review)
        date: 1985-11-01
       words: 1446
      flesch: 62
     summary: The second broad concept that comes to mind when the phrase right to informa- tion is mentioned, deals with the right to access published information.' The latter emphasizes such issues as access to government information, the right to privacy, private versus public sec- tor competition in the dissemination of in- formation, censorship, and the role of technology.
    keywords: access; information; right
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        item: #2615 of 5668
          id: crl-14170
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications
        date: 1985-11-01
       words: 7924
      flesch: 81
     summary: Pr., 1985. Pr., 1985.
    keywords: cloth; index; information; isbn; martin; new; new york; paper; york
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        item: #2616 of 5668
          id: crl-14171
      author: Martell, Charles R.
       title: Editorial: Participative Management
        date: 1986-01-01
       words: 875
      flesch: 55
     summary: It is my personal opinion that participative management is a limiting concept and that work democracy is a stronger vehicle for advancing the interests of library employees. By emphasizing this ap- proach it might be possible to establish a set of employee rights and to shift the burden of proof onto those who want to restrict the rights of employees .
    keywords: management; participative
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        item: #2617 of 5668
          id: crl-14172
      author: Pasterczyk, Catherine E.
       title: Involvement in Curriculum Change
        date: 1986-01-01
       words: 4350
      flesch: 55
     summary: College and Research Libraries Involvement in Curriculum Change Catherine E. Pasterczyk Many sources of information exist for selectors and bibliographers in academic libraries to learn about curriculum change. A survey of the heads of collection development in 104 ARL libraries was conducted to determine the usefulness of these sources and the extent of library involve- ment in planning for curriculum change.
    keywords: changes; course; curriculum; faculty; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14172.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14172.txt

        item: #2618 of 5668
          id: crl-14173
      author: Powell, Ronald R.; Creth, Sheila D.
       title: Knowledge Bases and Library Education
        date: 1986-01-01
       words: 6385
      flesch: 51
     summary: Inter- spersed with these traditional core areas of librarianship are knowledge bases relat- ing to management: communication skills, decision making, planning, person- nel management, and staff development. In order to determine which, if any, knowledge bases were sig- nificantly related to years of professional experience, the two variables were cross- tabulated.
    keywords: bases; education; knowledge; librarians; library; skills
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14173.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14173.txt

        item: #2619 of 5668
          id: crl-14174
      author: Heller, James S.
       title: Copyright and Fee-Based Copying Services
        date: 1986-01-01
       words: 7315
      flesch: 61
     summary: 24 The Purpose of the Use The preamble to Section 107lists certain purposes that are most appropriate for a finding of fair use . However, copying pursuant to one of the enumerated pur- poses will not always result in a finding of fair use.
    keywords: copying; copyright; fair; library; section; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14174.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14174.txt

        item: #2620 of 5668
          id: crl-14175
      author: Casserly, Mary F.
       title: Academic Library Regional Accreditation
        date: 1986-01-01
       words: 5688
      flesch: 44
     summary: The annual reports generated at all three sites contained more detailed and numer- ous assessments of library processes than were addressed in the self-study docu- ments. Early studies of the accreditation process by Alan Covey and Morris Gelfand, as well as those more recently conducted by Dudley Yates and Ronald Leach, have focused on the process by which the Eeer review team evaluates the library .11 ' 12' 3' 14 With the exception, then, of Toni Kania's efforts to develop a model set of regional accreditation standards for aca- demic libraries, 15 the academic library's in- volvement in the institution's preparation for regional accreditation has been virtu- ally unexplored.
    keywords: library; process; reports; self; sites; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14175.pdf
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        item: #2621 of 5668
          id: crl-14177
      author: Durrance, Joan C.
       title: The Influence of Reference Practices on the Client-Librarian Relationship
        date: 1986-01-01
       words: 6273
      flesch: 56
     summary: They also found that al- though 87 percent of the university students in their study thought that librar- ians and other library staff members dif- fered in their backgrounds, most students believed that librarians sat behind desks, and were older, more knowledgeable and competent than other staff. The fact that these us- ers had made no contact with library staff but reported heavy building and materials use is an indicator that they perceive the library as a useful building.
    keywords: library; member; reference; staff; users
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14177.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14177.txt

        item: #2622 of 5668
          id: crl-14179
      author: Panofsky, Hans E.
       title: Research Priorities in African Literatures (Book Review)
        date: 1986-01-01
       words: 1262
      flesch: 48
     summary: So far the majority of African literary works studied outside Af- rica have fallen into categories of Anglophone, Francophone, and lu- sophone African literatures, but the pro- duction of works in African literatures is becoming increasingly hard to ignore . A dearth of basic research tools seems to beset the freshly established field of study of African literatures.
    keywords: african; literatures
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14179.pdf
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        item: #2623 of 5668
          id: crl-14180
      author: Novak, Gloria
       title: Library Space Planning: How to Assess, Allocate, and Reorganize Collections, Resources, and Physical Facilities (Book Review)
        date: 1986-01-01
       words: 3758
      flesch: 58
     summary: Latest issue: 1981 E.84.1.1 (ISBN: 92-2-100038-6) $75.00 Everyone's United Nations Official textbook which contains a definitive history of the Organization from 1946 to date. It enables one to see what information and services are available in the United Nations family as a whole and how to obtain detailed information from particular organizations.
    keywords: african; isbn; issue; latest; research; yearbook
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14180.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14180.txt

        item: #2624 of 5668
          id: crl-14181
      author: Kantor, Paul B.
       title: Research for Decision Making: Methods for Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1986-01-01
       words: 1510
      flesch: 75
     summary: In each category it is possible to do good research or bad research. The authors identify 'action research' as research for decision making.
    keywords: book; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14181.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14181.txt

        item: #2625 of 5668
          id: crl-14182
      author: Rettig, James R.
       title: Evaluation of Reference Services (Book Review)
        date: 1986-01-01
       words: 2311
      flesch: 62
     summary: almost all studies of reference service (as of other areas of li- brary service), have refrained from deal- ing with the benefits of reference service.' As it is, various · authors propose various techniques, some for evaluating reference services, some for .evaluating reference librarians, some for evaluating reference tools .
    keywords: library; reference; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14182.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14182.txt

        item: #2626 of 5668
          id: crl-14183
      author: Salzer, Elizabeth M.
       title: The New Majority: Adult Learners in the University (Book Review)
        date: 1986-01-01
       words: 1154
      flesch: 59
     summary: Campbell, Duncan D. The New Majority: Adult Learners in the University. Edmon- ton, Alberta, Can.: Univ. of Alberta Pr., 1984. Because these articles fail to consider the impact on library patrons, they are pe- ripheral to the volume's central concern of evaluating reference service.
    keywords: education; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14183.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14183.txt

        item: #2627 of 5668
          id: crl-14186
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1986-01-01
       words: 1384
      flesch: 67
     summary: User-friendly WILSONLINE features • Up to 43 different access points to bibliographic records • Search- ing of up to 8 databases simultane- ously • Automatic substitution of preferred form of subject head- ings and personal and corporate names • Au- thority File • LC MARC File.
    keywords: index; libraries; wilsonline
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14186.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14186.txt

        item: #2628 of 5668
          id: crl-14187
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications
        date: 1986-01-01
       words: 5603
      flesch: 81
     summary: Nor- man: Univ. of Oklahoma Pr., 1985. Phoenix, Arizona: Oryx Pr., 1985 .
    keywords: cloth; isbn; martin; new; new york; paper; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14187.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14187.txt

        item: #2629 of 5668
          id: crl-14188
      author: Martell, Charles R.
       title: Editorial: The Thought Itself
        date: 1986-03-01
       words: 640
      flesch: 66
     summary: by Joan M. Bechtel A View from the Trenches: Costing and Performance Measures by Charles R. McClure Organizational Paradigm for Effective Academic Libraries by David W. Lewis Corporate Annual Reports in Academic Business Libraries by Judith R. Bernstein I have many books and other works that I would like to represent, to praise, and to cri- tique.
    keywords: libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14188.pdf
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        item: #2630 of 5668
          id: crl-14189
      author: Briscoe, Peter; Bodtke-Roberts, Alice; Douglas, Nancy; Heinold, Michele; Koller, Nancy; Peirce, Roberta
       title: Ashurbanipal's Enduring Archetype: Thoughts on the Library's Role in the Future
        date: 1986-03-01
       words: 3923
      flesch: 56
     summary: 6 Daniel Boorstin, historian and current Librarian of Congress, is even more em- phatic in an article entitled Gresham's Law: Knowledge or Information?: I would like to focus your attention on the dis- tinction between knowledge and information, the importance of the distinction, and the dan- gers of failing to recognize it .... It is a potential competitor of both universities and li- braries; among other things, it will repack- age their services as information products.
    keywords: access; electronic; information; knowledge; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14189.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14189.txt

        item: #2631 of 5668
          id: crl-14190
      author: Hendrick, Clyde
       title: The University Library in the Twenty-First Century
        date: 1986-03-01
       words: 3331
      flesch: 68
     summary: There is no reason why libraries can't be vitally important in this role, and as the librarian's training is upgraded to doctoral status, librarians should become avid competitors for scholars-in-residence positions at other libraries. I've not stressed relations with other libraries, but they are important.
    keywords: knowledge; librarian; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14190.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14190.txt

        item: #2632 of 5668
          id: crl-14192
      author: Atkinson, Ross
       title: The Language of the Levels: Reflections on the Communication of Collection Development Policy
        date: 1986-03-01
       words: 6443
      flesch: 58
     summary: The collection policy is, there- fore, ultimately a self-validating network of relationships; the key to making, writ- ing, and using collection policy is to un- derstand how its constituent elements in- terrelate. This complex and problematic area of collection policy has received little attention.
    keywords: collection; collection levels; development; levels; policy; selector
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14192.pdf
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        item: #2633 of 5668
          id: crl-14193
      author: Pontau, Donna Zufan; Rothschild, M. Cecilia
       title: T is for Temporary
        date: 1986-03-01
       words: 3690
      flesch: 47
     summary: Lastly, temporary librarians are both restricted from and ineligible for certain assignments that may be available to tenture-track or career librarians. Temporary librarians, despite their use, constitute an unrecognized segment of the professional library work force.
    keywords: job; librarians; library; new; temporary
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14193.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14193.txt

        item: #2634 of 5668
          id: crl-14195
      author: Mellon, Constance A.
       title: Library Anxiety: A Grounded Theory and Its Development
        date: 1986-03-01
       words: 4114
      flesch: 62
     summary: It was found that 75 to 85 percent of the students in these courses described their initial response to library research in terms of fear. This changed both the presenta- tion of library research in beginning com- March 1986 position classes and the design of the library-instruction program.
    keywords: anxiety; library; research; students; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14195.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14195.txt

        item: #2635 of 5668
          id: crl-14196
      author: Ali, S. Nazim
       title: Attitudes and Preferences of Library Practitioners in Illinois to Channels for Dissemination of Research Results (Research Note)
        date: 1986-03-01
       words: 3252
      flesch: 55
     summary: The work reported here supplements a large survey of U.S. li- brary practitioners conducted by the same author (by sending a questionnaire to five hundred libraries selected from the Ameri- can Library Directory, 1980), in attempt to examine the overall process of dissemina- tion and use of library science research. College and Research Libraries Research Notes Attitudes and Preferences of Library Practitioners in Illinois to Channels for Dissemination of Research Results S. Nazim Ali The author interviewed library practitioners from public, academic, and special libraries in the state of Illinois, in order to determine their perceptions of the usefulness and dissemination of research results in the areas of librarianship and information science.
    keywords: libraries; library; percent; practitioners; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14196.pdf
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        item: #2636 of 5668
          id: crl-14198
      author: Osburn, Charles B.
       title: The Identification of Progress in Learning (Book Review)
        date: 1986-03-01
       words: 1267
      flesch: 53
     summary: Disavowing any at- tempt to define antiquarian books or booksellers, and ·evading many of the questions and problems surrounding what must appear to the uninitiated as es- sentially a luxury trade, she has limited the audience for her book to the true be- lievers of bibliophily. The epigraph of this book is a quotation from Sir Stanley Unwin to the effect that while writing, printing, and reading books are difficult tasks, the most diffi- cult task that a mortal man can embark on is to sell a book.
    keywords: antiquarian; history
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14198.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14198.txt

        item: #2637 of 5668
          id: crl-14199
      author: Tanner, Terence A.
       title: Antiquarian Bookselling in the United States: A History from the Origins to the 1940s (Book Review)
        date: 1986-03-01
       words: 1491
      flesch: 58
     summary: Disavowing any at- tempt to define antiquarian books or booksellers, and ·evading many of the questions and problems surrounding what must appear to the uninitiated as es- sentially a luxury trade, she has limited the audience for her book to the true be- lievers of bibliophily. The epigraph of this book is a quotation from Sir Stanley Unwin to the effect that while writing, printing, and reading books are difficult tasks, the most diffi- cult task that a mortal man can embark on is to sell a book.
    keywords: antiquarian; book
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14199.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14199.txt

        item: #2638 of 5668
          id: crl-14201
      author: Kroah, Larry A.
       title: Professional Ethics and Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1986-03-01
       words: 1374
      flesch: 49
     summary: The first chapter, 'The Development of Ethics Codes,' provides an excellent, con- cise backdrop to the development of ethi- cal codes in the United States. -Constance Miller, Univer- sity Library, University of Illinois at Chicago. Lindsey, Jonathan A., and Ann E. Pren- tice, Professional Ethics and Librarians.
    keywords: ethics; professional
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14201.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14201.txt

        item: #2639 of 5668
          id: crl-14202
      author: Easterbrook, David L.
       title: University Libraries in Developing Countries (Book Review)
        date: 1986-03-01
       words: 1138
      flesch: 49
     summary: In- creasingly, however, as researchers begin to recognize libraries as complex social in- stitutions interacting with a dynamic envi- ronment, and as library administrators broaden their understanding of the key concepts of organizational development, the library as an organization will be sub- ject to expanded and fruitful analysis. These fourteen papers cover well the wide range of development issues faced by university libraries in developing coun- tries, from a variety of perspectives.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14202.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14202.txt

        item: #2640 of 5668
          id: crl-14203
      author: Neal, James G.
       title: Conflict and Change in Library Organizations: People, Power and Service (Book Review)
        date: 1986-03-01
       words: 2006
      flesch: 46
     summary: Each is intended to set library management within a larger context of research and writing and each draws upon the broad lit- erature of the social sciences and of librari- anship. In- creasingly, however, as researchers begin to recognize libraries as complex social in- stitutions interacting with a dynamic envi- ronment, and as library administrators broaden their understanding of the key concepts of organizational development, the library as an organization will be sub- ject to expanded and fruitful analysis.
    keywords: libraries; library; management; organizational
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14203.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14203.txt

        item: #2641 of 5668
          id: crl-14204
      author: Scepanski, Jordan M.
       title: Management Strategies for Libraries: A Basic Reader (Book Review)
        date: 1986-03-01
       words: 1671
      flesch: 69
     summary: Voices from the past Listen in as the story of America's past is told by: • Joseph McCarthy • Nelson Rockefeller • Margaret Chase Smith • John F. Kennedy • Douglas MacArthur • John Foster Dulles • Jimmy Hoffa • Edward R. Murrow • Howard Hughes ... and thousands more . Each is intended to set library management within a larger context of research and writing and each draws upon the broad lit- erature of the social sciences and of librari- anship.
    keywords: isbn; library; management
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14204.pdf
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        item: #2642 of 5668
          id: crl-14205
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1986-03-01
       words: 2113
      flesch: 53
     summary: To the Editor: MICHAEL K. BUCKLAND Assistant Vice President-Library Plans and Policies, University of Cal- ifornia I am surprised that an article on the literature of innovation( Academic Library Services: The Literature of Innovation C&RL September 1985) would omit any reference to library- college which specifically addresses the key problem of academic libraries, ' .. . Ms. Williams was hired in the late fall of 1982 by the Department of Special Collections, University of Chicago Library, to perform a conservation survey of the John Crerar Collec- tion of Rare Books in the History of Science and Medicine.
    keywords: international; isbn; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14205.pdf
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        item: #2643 of 5668
          id: crl-14206
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1986-03-01
       words: 8509
      flesch: 84
     summary: The new cumulative volume of Essay and General Literature Index provides qu ick, reliable access to a wealth of essays and articles found in collections and anthol - ogies published over the past five years . Subscribe to Essay and General Literature Index Annually and Save With an annual subscription to Essay and General Literature Index, your library will receive a paper- bound issue published in June that contains indexing from January to June , a kivar-bound volume pub- lished in December that covers the entire year , and twelve monthly issues of a buying guide that pre- views the books that are to be indexed, at a cost of $70 U.S. and Canada, $80 other countries .
    keywords: cloth; detroit; gale; index; international; isbn; library; martin; new; new york; paper; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14206.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14206.txt

        item: #2644 of 5668
          id: crl-14207
      author: Martell, Charles R.
       title: Editorial: New Programs, Existing Programs
        date: 1986-05-01
       words: 1225
      flesch: 60
     summary: Research Publications Outside North and South America: 12 Lunar Drive/Drawer AB P.O. Box 45 Woodbridge, CT 06525 Reading, RG18HF,England (203) 397-2600 ~ TEL: 0734-583247 Toll-free: 1-800-REACH-RP TELEX: 848336NADL G TWX: 710-465-6345 FAX: 011-44-734-591325 FAX: 203-397-3893 research publications® Experience counts in authority control. And if your library is choosing a vendor to apply authority control to your MARC records before you put them online, consider the following: Blackwell North America has 12 years experience performing retrospective automated authority control edits.
    keywords: authority; new; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14207.pdf
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        item: #2645 of 5668
          id: crl-14209
      author: Poole, Jay Martin; St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Funding Online Services from the Materials Budget
        date: 1986-05-01
       words: 3272
      flesch: 58
     summary: 11 Several authors note criteria for dividing library materials budgets. 1 More recently, articles continue to appear but offer no specific information about the impact on materials budgets.
    keywords: libraries; library; materials; online; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14209.pdf
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        item: #2646 of 5668
          id: crl-14211
      author: Fuhlrott, Rolf
       title: Underground Libraries
        date: 1986-05-01
       words: 10304
      flesch: 66
     summary: EXAMPLES OF UNDERGROUND LIBRARIES Burying library buildings below grade was not a sudden innovation, but a slow development. College and Research Libraries Underground Libraries Rolf Fuhlrott A number of underground buildings have been constructed during the last two decades, for various reasons: energy conservation, density in the environment of the crowded cities, or preservation of the landscape and historic buildings.
    keywords: building; college; entrance; grade; level; libraries; library; light; new; space; structure; underground; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14211.pdf
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        item: #2647 of 5668
          id: crl-14212
      author: Bernstein, Judith R.
       title: Corporate Annual Reports in Academic Business Libraries
        date: 1986-05-01
       words: 6580
      flesch: 59
     summary: College and Research Libraries Corporate Annual Reports in Academic Business Libraries Judith R. Bernstein More than twenty thousand companies distribute annual reports. orporate annual reports are widely collected by academic business libraries as excellent descriptions of company activi- ties.
    keywords: annual; annual reports; companies; hard; libraries; reports; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14212.pdf
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        item: #2648 of 5668
          id: crl-14213
      author: Goyal, S. K.
       title: Economic Joint Ordering of Consumable Items for a University Library (Research Note)
        date: 1986-05-01
       words: 1486
      flesch: 74
     summary: College and Research Libraries Research N ote_s Economic Joint Ordering of Consumable Items for a University Library S. K. Goyal In this paper the problem of joint ordering of consumable items for a university library is for- mulated. For the consumable items having a fairly constant rate of demand the Economic Or- der Quantity Model (EOQ model) is con- sidered to be most appropriate for applica- tion in the context of a library inventory of consumable items.
    keywords: items
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14213.pdf
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        item: #2649 of 5668
          id: crl-14214
      author: Williamson, W. L.
       title: Perspectives on the Past: An Autobiography (Book Review)
        date: 1986-05-01
       words: 2458
      flesch: 67
     summary: We have much to learn from the career of Rob- ert Bingham Downs. College and Research Libraries Recent Publications BOOK REVIEWS Downs, Robert Bingham.
    keywords: book; data; downs; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14214.pdf
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        item: #2650 of 5668
          id: crl-14215
      author: Petchenik, Barbara Bartz
       title: The Elements of Graphing Data (Book Review)
        date: 1986-05-01
       words: 1831
      flesch: 63
     summary: (ISBN: 92-9048-295-8) $35 .00 Yearbook oflnternational Commodity Statistics First issue: 1984 United Nations Publications United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Yearbook Annual Issued since 1968. Latest issue: 1981 E.84.1.1 (ISBN: 92-2-~00038-6) $75 .00 Everyone's United Nations Official t.extbook which contains a definitive history of the Organization from 1946 to date.
    keywords: data; isbn; issue; latest
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14215.pdf
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        item: #2651 of 5668
          id: crl-14218
      author: Stankus, Tony
       title: Theories of the Middle Range (Book Review)
        date: 1986-05-01
       words: 1454
      flesch: 60
     summary: The conceptualized propositional statement might be: Information channel use is an inverse function of perceived cost.' An issue of importance in assessing cost is when and how to allocate overhead costs to particular functions.
    keywords: information; poole
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14218.pdf
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        item: #2652 of 5668
          id: crl-14219
      author: Stewart, Elizabeth C.
       title: Appraising the Records of Modern Science and Technology: A Guide (Book Review)
        date: 1986-05-01
       words: 2450
      flesch: 56
     summary: While it is arguable that these theories are testable and grounded in fact, it is not clear that the librarian portion of information science will refocus their working lives and research efforts around them. Using a case study approach, Julie Ne- way examines information services estab- lished in nonlibrary environments and serving staffs from such diverse fields as business, the social sciences, and both the pure and applied sciences.
    keywords: information; science; services; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14219.pdf
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        item: #2653 of 5668
          id: crl-14220
      author: Neroda, Ed
       title: Information Specialist as Team Player in the Research Process (Book Review)
        date: 1986-05-01
       words: 1484
      flesch: 54
     summary: Using a case study approach, Julie Ne- way examines information services estab- lished in nonlibrary environments and serving staffs from such diverse fields as business, the social sciences, and both the pure and applied sciences. This monograph encourages librarians to develop advanced information services based upon client-articulated need.
    keywords: information; services; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14220.pdf
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        item: #2654 of 5668
          id: crl-14221
      author: Lauer, Jonathan D.
       title: Nos Ressources Humaines: la Clé d'un Bon Service. Personnel: Key to Successful Public Service (Book Review)
        date: 1986-05-01
       words: 1532
      flesch: 54
     summary: The opening essay by David Adamany reviews the position of research libraries as seen from the perspective of a univer­ sity president. Before tracing the historical context of women in libraries, she notes that' on the whole the library profession offers a far greater opportunity for balance between the sexes than do other professional are­ nas (p.32).
    keywords: libraries; library; professional; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14221.pdf
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        item: #2655 of 5668
          id: crl-14222
      author: Ridinger, Robert B. Marks
       title: Issues in Academic Librarianship: Views and Case Studies for the 1980s and 1990s (Book Review)
        date: 1986-05-01
       words: 1662
      flesch: 57
     summary: The opening essay by David Adamany reviews the position of research libraries as seen from the perspective of a univer- sity president. In their respective pa- May 1986 pers, Runyon, Frank, and Dupuis further explore various types of strategic planning and their effects on situations as varied as Texas Tech University, Quebec coopera- tive development, and general library ~ management.
    keywords: academic; fiction; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14222.pdf
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        item: #2656 of 5668
          id: crl-14225
      author: Martell, Charles R.
       title: Editorial: Reflective Conversation
        date: 1986-07-01
       words: 673
      flesch: 67
     summary: As an example, we were shown a 1940s film clip in which a large, nonathletic fifty-year-old woman in a muumuu learned the basics of tennis in thirty minutes, much to the chagrin of Harry Truman, who had been trying to learn tennis for years. The Golden · Age Spanish Theology, History and Literature from 1472 to 1700 Spanish Rare Books of the Golden Age offers the opportunity to research the wide variety of literature written in Spain or composed in Spanish from 14 7 2 to 1 700.
    keywords: books
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14225.pdf
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        item: #2657 of 5668
          id: crl-14227
      author: McClure, Charles R.
       title: A View from the Trenches: Costing and Performance Measures for Academic Library Public Services
        date: 1986-07-01
       words: 8606
      flesch: 50
     summary: Clearly there is a need for academic li- brarians to increase their basic knowledge of the uses and applications of public ser- vices cost and performance measure data for library planning and decision making. Based on group inter- views at two libraries that are members of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) and additional individual interviews with other librarians, findings suggest that participants have little faith in the usefulness of producing cost data and using performance measures; they be- lieve that the availability of such data rarely has an impact on decision making; in-house data frequently lacks reliability and validity; and they are too understaffed to take time away from the provision of services to identify, collect, and analyze such data.
    keywords: cost; data; decision; libraries; library; measures; performance; public
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14227.pdf
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        item: #2658 of 5668
          id: crl-14228
      author: Lewis, David W.
       title: An Organizational Paradigm for Effective Academic Libraries
        date: 1986-07-01
       words: 11533
      flesch: 53
     summary: College and Research Libraries An Organizational Paradigm for Effective Academic Libraries David W. Lewis The organizational structures of academic libraries are considered in light of the work of anum- ber of organizational theorists, and related work by librarians is reviewed. begin with the assumption that the current organizational structures of academic libraries · will not accommodate the roles that will soon be expected of them and the academic librarians who inhabit them.
    keywords: academic; academic libraries; information; libraries; library; management; organizational; professional; research; systems; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14228.pdf
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        item: #2659 of 5668
          id: crl-14231
      author: Schmidt, Karen A.
       title: Capturing the Mainstream: Publisher-Based and Subject-Based Approval Plans in Academic Libraries
        date: 1986-07-01
       words: 2998
      flesch: 57
     summary: The intrinsic differences between the two types of plans are discussed, and the publishing industries of North America and Eu- rope are reviewed for their impact on approval plans covering various countries. It is common for academic libraries which accept the notion of approval plans to have at least two different types of plan: a subject-based plan and a university press plan.
    keywords: approval; plan; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14231.pdf
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        item: #2660 of 5668
          id: crl-14234
      author: Lynch, Clifford A.; Brownrigg, Edwin B.
       title: Conservation, Preservation, and Digitization
        date: 1986-07-01
       words: 2895
      flesch: 54
     summary: However, these problems are generally considered in isolation, without much reference to major trends in the de- velopment of library service or to the im- pact of library automation, widespread ac- cess to computers, and telecommunnica- tions on both the nature and delivery of li- brary service. However, the nature of library services is changing.
    keywords: conservation; digital; library; preservation
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14234.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14234.txt

        item: #2661 of 5668
          id: crl-14235
      author: Reich, Victoria Ann; Betcher, Melissa Ann
       title: Library of Congress Staff Test Optical Disk System (Research Note)
        date: 1986-07-01
       words: 3795
      flesch: 61
     summary: Engi- neers in the Automated Systems Office, responsible for system maintenance, esti- mate that the system's availability is com- parable to that of other online systems. Optical disk technology is one method be- ing explored by a variety of institutions.
    keywords: disk; library; optical; staff; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14235.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14235.txt

        item: #2662 of 5668
          id: crl-14236
      author: Pagell, Ruth A.; Lusk, Edward J.
       title: The Effect of Service Awareness on Survey Response (Research Note)
        date: 1986-07-01
       words: 3693
      flesch: 60
     summary: DISCUSSION Pagell and Lusk suggested in the 1984 study that faculty sponsorship seemed likely to increase the response rate for M.B.A.'s.u Results of the present survey indicate that sponsorship alone does not determine response rate, suggesting there is an interactive effect between sponsor- ship of a survey and use of the services of the sponsoring organization. Therefore, the hypothe- sis regarding faculty responses was: • H2:
    keywords: faculty; library; response; sponsorship; survey
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14236.pdf
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        item: #2663 of 5668
          id: crl-14237
      author: Maag, Albert F.
       title: Strategic Planning for Library Managers (Book Review)
        date: 1986-07-01
       words: 1201
      flesch: 50
     summary: Along the way Riggs proposes, espe- cially for larger libraries, the use of a management information system to gen- erate and control the large amounts of in- formation needed for effective strategic planning and of Planning-Programming- Budgeting System (PPBS) to control pro- gram implementation and to evaluate pro- gram accomplishment. John Black opened the conference with an overview of changing technology's re- lationship to scholarly communication and its implications for research libraries.
    keywords: library; planning
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14237.pdf
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        item: #2664 of 5668
          id: crl-14238
      author: Burckel, Nicholas C.
       title: Changing Technology and Education for Librarianship and Information Science (Book Review)
        date: 1986-07-01
       words: 2048
      flesch: 51
     summary: John Black opened the conference with an overview of changing technology's re- lationship to scholarly communication and its implications for research libraries. That realization alone should prompt serious rethinking about the fu- ture role of research libraries and the edu- cation necessary for professionals who staff them.
    keywords: libraries; library; new; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14238.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14238.txt

        item: #2665 of 5668
          id: crl-14239
      author: Stabler, Karen
       title: Library Automation: Issues and Applications (Book Review)
        date: 1986-07-01
       words: 1631
      flesch: 60
     summary: The author describes the current state of library automation by tracing historically the progress of library fundions such as acquisitions, cataloging, circulation, seri- als check-in, public catalog, interlibrary loan, and the retrieval search services. The development of library automation is put in the context of the total library environ- ment.
    keywords: catalog; information; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14239.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14239.txt

        item: #2666 of 5668
          id: crl-14240
      author: Dahms, Moshie
       title: Redesign of Catalogs and Indexes for Improved Online Subject Access: Selected Papers of Pauline A. Cochrane (Book Review)
        date: 1986-07-01
       words: 2018
      flesch: 57
     summary: Thus, Pauline A. Cochrane views the past from her perspective of twenty-five years' in- volvement in computer-aided subject in- dexes and online catalogs. On the other hand it also includes such philosophically inclined se- lections as 'Putting Knowledge to Work: Five Lectures by Pauline Atherton,' and 'More' Is Not Necessarily 'Better.' The reader should be aware that this col- lection does not constitute a compilation of all the papers written by Pauline A. Cochrane on online subject access.
    keywords: author; library; online
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14240.pdf
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        item: #2667 of 5668
          id: crl-14241
      author: Stewart, Elizabeth C.
       title: Museum Archives: An Introduction (Book Review)
        date: 1986-07-01
       words: 2629
      flesch: 58
     summary: Used by Professionals, Students, and Art Enthusiasts Art Index has won an audience in all areas of interest and specializa- tion , among them : • Archaeologists • Architects • Art historians • ·City planners • Designers • Film students • Gallery owners • Librarians • Museum directors • Painters • Performance artists • Photographers • Private collectors • Sculptors . An overview study was sponsored by the Council on Library Resources to gather existing information on the extent to which fees are charged for library and information services, the percentage of libraries charging for any ser- vices, and the services for which fees are charged.
    keywords: art; cataloging; information; museum
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14241.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14241.txt

        item: #2668 of 5668
          id: crl-14244
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications
        date: 1986-07-01
       words: 3402
      flesch: 79
     summary: An overview study was sponsored by the Council on Library Resources to gather existing information on the extent to which fees are charged for library and information services, the percentage of libraries charging for any ser- vices, and the services for which fees are charged. The review panel that conducted the study found that there is little data available on who is charging fees or the services for which they are charged and even less about the effect of fees on access to information.
    keywords: cloth; gale; isbn; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14244.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14244.txt

        item: #2669 of 5668
          id: crl-14245
      author: Martell, Charles R.
       title: Editorial: Improving VDT Work
        date: 1986-09-01
       words: 949
      flesch: 60
     summary: In a manual, Improving VDT Work: Causes and Control of Health Concerns in VDT Use, prepared by the Wisconsin Department of Administration (distributed by the Report Store in Lawrence, Kansas), Steven Sauter' challenges the notion that VDT work must be neces- sarily associated with discomfort. The process of improving VDT work is straightforward in comparison.
    keywords: vdt; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14245.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14245.txt

        item: #2670 of 5668
          id: crl-14246
      author: Freides, Thelma
       title: The Federal Information Controversy from an Economic Perspective
        date: 1986-09-01
       words: 8082
      flesch: 49
     summary: Cost-benefit analysis techniques should be explored and developed as assess- ment tools in the field of government information. Should government information be transmitted to the public via governmen- tal or private means?
    keywords: access; cost; economic; government; government information; information; private; public; sector
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14246.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14246.txt

        item: #2671 of 5668
          id: crl-14247
      author: Schwartz, Charles A.
       title: Performance Appraisal: Behavioralism and Its Discontents
        date: 1986-09-01
       words: 8503
      flesch: 50
     summary: In the area of performance appraisal, libraries and other nonprofit organizations face a special dilemma of providing job feedback while maintaining a nonauthoritarian climate. Part two takes up the widespread notion that performance appraisal, as a matter of ethics, should be less ambitious and important.
    keywords: appraisal; behavioral; job; knowledge; organizational; performance; performance appraisal; personnel; psychology; rater; research; theory
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14247.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14247.txt

        item: #2672 of 5668
          id: crl-14250
      author: Kemp, Barbara E.; Nofsinger, Mary M.; Spitzer, Alice M.
       title: Building a Bridge: Articulation Programs for Bibliographic Instruction
        date: 1986-09-01
       words: 2387
      flesch: 47
     summary: Among these are (1) high school class vis- its to academic libraries; (2) academic li- brarians working directly with high school students to provide instruction; (3) pro- grams and privileges for special groups, such as gifted and advanced-placement students; ( 4) academic librarians working with school librarians at a local or state level; (5) provision of materials designed to introduce high school students to the academic library. College and Research Libraries Building a Bridge: Articulation Programs for Bibliographic Instruction Barbara E. Kemp, Mary M. Nofsinger, and Alice M. Spitzer Recent studies have called for more integration of educational experiences and closer coopera- tion between high schools and colleges.
    keywords: librarians; library; school
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14250.pdf
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        item: #2673 of 5668
          id: crl-14251
      author: Dunn, Kathleen
       title: Psychological Needs and Source Linkages in Undergraduate Information-Seeking Behavior
        date: 1986-09-01
       words: 3532
      flesch: 56
     summary: He says, Such studies may never address the central question of 'information need,' that is, why the user decides to seek infor- mation, what purpose he believes it will serve and to what use it is actually put when received. (2) What information sources do undergrad- uates use to satisfy their information re- quirements?
    keywords: information; library; need; sources
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14251.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14251.txt

        item: #2674 of 5668
          id: crl-14252
      author: Montanelli, Dale S.; Stenstrom, Patricia F.
       title: The Benefits of Research for Academic Librarians and the Institutions They Serve
        date: 1986-09-01
       words: 2253
      flesch: 51
     summary: With the adoption of the ACRL standards for fac- ulty status for research librarians in 1971, increasing concern for and emphasis on the requireme!lt for librarians to conduct research and write scholarly articles has been expressed. 13 JoAnne Hall suggests that librarians who are involved in re- search perceive themselves to possess managerial and leadership skills, and, in fact, research activity was found to be a significant factor in receptivity to change.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14252.pdf
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        item: #2675 of 5668
          id: crl-14253
      author: Smith, Karen F.
       title: Robot at the Reference Desk?
        date: 1986-09-01
       words: 2846
      flesch: 67
     summary: Branch of gov- ernment, type of answer needed, time pe- riod, type of reference book-nothing was quite adequate and we never did solve this problem to our complete satisfaction. Library card catalogs, for the most part, do not describe reference books adequately.
    keywords: computer; documents; expert; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14253.pdf
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        item: #2676 of 5668
          id: crl-14254
      author: Ford, Barbara J.
       title: Reference Beyond (and Without) the Reference Desk
        date: 1986-09-01
       words: 2366
      flesch: 52
     summary: Reference desk serviCe may have been more useful in simpler days of smaller collections and buildings and may be more necessary in public libraries. William Miller has written, Objectiv-e analysis of reference desk service indicate the cost of pretending that we can con- tinue to do everything for everybody, and do it well.
    keywords: desk; libraries; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14254.pdf
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        item: #2677 of 5668
          id: crl-14255
      author: Creaghe, Norma S.; Davis, Douglas A.
       title: Hard Copy in Transition: An Automated Storage and Retrieval Facility for Low-Use Library Materials
        date: 1986-09-01
       words: 2670
      flesch: 62
     summary: 495 496 College & Research Libraries STORAGE ALTERNATIVES Open Book Stacks Classified open book stacks have be- come by far the most popular mode of book storage for academic libraries in the United States. Therefore, numerous alternate methods of book storage have been employed in ac- ademic libraries despite the popularity of the open book stacks.
    keywords: aaf; book; library; storage
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14255.pdf
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        item: #2678 of 5668
          id: crl-14257
      author: Hardesty, Larry
       title: Energies for Transition: Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference of the Association of College and Research Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1986-09-01
       words: 1091
      flesch: 52
     summary: In an earlier review for this journal of the third national ACRL conference, this reviewer commented on the importance of well- developed case studies and similar schol- arly activities in response to those who criticized the lack of research papers at the ACRL national conferences. Descriptions of local imple- mentation projects and position papers have an important place in this very prag- matic profession.
    keywords: papers; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14257.pdf
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        item: #2679 of 5668
          id: crl-14259
      author: Vasi, John
       title: Cost Management for Library and Information Services (Book Review)
        date: 1986-09-01
       words: 2319
      flesch: 62
     summary: Moreover, if one considers that the es- sence of service to library clientele is not merely the hours of operation or the avail- ability of a book on the shelf, but also the degree of professional service a user re- ceives, then costing of library services be- comes even more difficult to quantify. Stephen A. Roberts notes that the prac- tice of costing library and information op- erations is a weak area in the repertoire of library management.
    keywords: catalog; information; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14259.pdf
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        item: #2680 of 5668
          id: crl-14260
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications
        date: 1986-09-01
       words: 4154
      flesch: 72
     summary: Moreover, if one considers that the es- sence of service to library clientele is not merely the hours of operation or the avail- ability of a book on the shelf, but also the degree of professional service a user re- ceives, then costing of library services be- comes even more difficult to quantify. Following an implication and summary of the report, indi- vidual chapters address the following topics: (1) the environment for research and develop- ment in information technology in the United States; (2) selected case studies in information technology research and development; (3) ef- fects of deregulation and divesture on research; ( 4) education and human resources for research and development; (5) new roles for universities in information technology research and devel- opment; (6) foreign information technology re- search and development; (7) information tech- nology research and development in the context of U.S. science and technology policy; and (8) technology and industry.
    keywords: cloth; isbn; libraries; new; paper; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14260.pdf
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        item: #2681 of 5668
          id: crl-14261
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1986-09-01
       words: 2062
      flesch: 50
     summary: Her theory of library anxiety provides an excellent demonstration of how important it is for librarians to understand and make service deci- sions on the basis, not only of what library users do, but also how they feel about what they do. Insistent on the fact that the common themes she discovered in the students' journals would validate the need for and improve library instruction, Mellon ignores the implications of library anxiety, which suggest that instruction programs may be part of the problem.
    keywords: information; librarians; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14261.pdf
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        item: #2682 of 5668
          id: crl-14262
      author: Boyer, Calvin James
       title: Guest Editorial: Faculty Client Files
        date: 1986-11-01
       words: 1104
      flesch: 47
     summary: For most librarians, the natural outcome of maintaining faculty client files will be more frequent, systematic faculty contact, greater effectiveness in support of our colleagues, and thus a more significant role in the academy. To summarize: the purpose of the faculty client file is to document the interaction be- tween librarian and faculty member and to provide a record of the faculty member's infor- mation needs.
    keywords: faculty; librarian
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14262.pdf
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        item: #2683 of 5668
          id: crl-14263
      author: Sack, John R.
       title: Open Systems for Open Minds: Building the Library Without Walls
        date: 1986-11-01
       words: 5791
      flesch: 60
     summary: Indeed the report's sec- tion on research libraries is worth a brief review here, since it argues that our pa- trons have supplanted the libraries- appropriately or not-by means of outside technologies and services available to them. The Newman re- port's section on research libraries ends by calling for something with the unfortu- 538 College & Research Libraries nate name of Scholarship Information Systems.
    keywords: access; electronic; information; libraries; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14263.pdf
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        item: #2684 of 5668
          id: crl-14266
      author: Crawford, David
       title: Meeting Scholarly Information Needs in an Automated Environment: A Humanist's Perspective
        date: 1986-11-01
       words: 3956
      flesch: 59
     summary: Unlike many databases that permit the storage and retrieval of information in alphanumeric code, this output is graph- ics or sound. Monson's project employs a locally developed utility system on one of our campus mainframes, 2 but his data are eas- ily rolled over into formats acceptable to other systems such as dBase III.
    keywords: databases; humanists; information; research; technology
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14266.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14266.txt

        item: #2685 of 5668
          id: crl-14267
      author: Hanson, Elizabeth; Serebnick, Judith
       title: Evaluation of the Public Service Functions of Serial File Systems
        date: 1986-11-01
       words: 7680
      flesch: 60
     summary: u3'4 Also, there is considerable evi- dence that many library patrons will not seek assistance from library staff when they run into trouble-in fact, many do not even realize that they are in diffi- culty. The utility of this exercise seems clearly indicated by previous studies, which show that library users are often thwarted in their search for serials and mono- graphs, and that accessibility problems frequently outnumber acquisitions prob- lems.
    keywords: desk; library; participants; search; serials; students; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14267.pdf
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        item: #2686 of 5668
          id: crl-14268
      author: Bahr, Alice Harrison
       title: Cataloging U.S. Depository Materials: A Reevaluation
        date: 1986-11-01
       words: 5310
      flesch: 60
     summary: Subject access to OCLC GPO records is available for the last few years of GPO rec- Cataloging U.S. Depository Materials 595 ords through BRS. As soon as GPO catalogs materials, records are available on OCLC.
    keywords: cataloging; gpo; libraries; library; materials; online; records
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14268.pdf
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        item: #2687 of 5668
          id: crl-14269
      author: Dubin, Eileen; Bigelow, Linda
       title: Community College Learning Resources Centers at the Crossroads: Illinois, a Case Study
        date: 1986-11-01
       words: 4203
      flesch: 59
     summary: Public community college LRCs in Illi- nois have developed very active networks for cooperative activities through three re- gional consortia: the Northern Illinois Learning Resources Cooperative Community College Learning Resources Centers 601 (NILRC), the Mid-Illinois Learning Re- sources Cooperative (MILRC), and the Southern Illinois Learning Resources Co- operative (SILRC). CONCLUSIONS Public community college LRCs in Illi- nois have much in common.
    keywords: college; community; illinois; learning; lrcs; resources
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14269.pdf
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        item: #2688 of 5668
          id: crl-14270
      author: Noble, Grant; O'Connor, Stephen V.
       title: Attitudes Toward Technology as Predictors of Online Catalog Usage (Research Note)
        date: 1986-11-01
       words: 4000
      flesch: 69
     summary: College and Research Libraries Research Notes Attitudes toward Technology as Predictors of Online Catalog Usage Grant Noble and Steve O'Connor While other studies have concentrated on eval- uations of specific online public access catalog (OPAC) software, this study addresses the general acceptance of computer technology, as well as user attitudes toward OPACs. The factor explaining the largest per- centage of variance (17. 9 percent-factor 1-showed characteristics of distrust of computer technology.
    keywords: acceptance; attitudes; computers; factor; technology
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14270.pdf
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        item: #2689 of 5668
          id: crl-14272
      author: Matheson, Nina W.
       title: International Librarianship Today and Tomorrow: A Festschrift for William J. Welsh (Book Review)
        date: 1986-11-01
       words: 1812
      flesch: 49
     summary: What distin- guishes this treatment of these now very familiar concepts and techniques is the ef- fective and essential link drawn~between information resources management and strategic planning and the focus on ad- ministrators working with grants, con- tracts, and cooperative agreements sup- porting research and development projects. ning, boundary spanning, organizational culture, contingency management, orga- November 1986 nizational role and information manage- ment-and on outlining the key elements of the strategic planning process and -of decision support systems.
    keywords: information; librarianship; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14272.pdf
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        item: #2690 of 5668
          id: crl-14273
      author: Neal, James G.
       title: Strategic Planning for Sponsored Projects Administration: The Role of Information Management (Book Review)
        date: 1986-11-01
       words: 1540
      flesch: 50
     summary: What distin- guishes this treatment of these now very familiar concepts and techniques is the ef- fective and essential link drawn~between information resources management and strategic planning and the focus on ad- ministrators working with grants, con- tracts, and cooperative agreements sup- porting research and development projects. The literatures of organizational theory, planning, information management, and sponsored-project administration are ef- fectively integrated.
    keywords: information; libraries; planning
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14273.pdf
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        item: #2691 of 5668
          id: crl-14275
      author: Richardson, John
       title: Library Science Annual, v1, 1985 (Book Review)
        date: 1986-11-01
       words: 1545
      flesch: 57
     summary: The one written in 1908 by Jane Wright, then librarian of the Cincin- nati Art Museum, describes why art librar- ianship was different from other branches at a time when art libraries were growing rapidly and developing, or finding the need for, some of the bibliographical ap- paratus we now take as standard: indexes of periodical articles and reproductions, such as the Periodical Index of the Ryerson Library of the Art Institute of Chicago or the H. W. Wilson Company's Art Index; in- dividualized thesauri for local collections, such as the A very collection at Columbia University; and picture and vertical files whose value has been proven by the sub- sequent generations of researchers. [and] (4) report on the production and distribution of knowledge in library science (p.ix-x).
    keywords: art; information; library
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        item: #2692 of 5668
          id: crl-14276
      author: Rothschild, M. Cecilia
       title: Librarian in Search of a Publisher: How to Get Published; Librarian/Author: A Practical Guide on How to Get Published (Book Review)
        date: 1986-11-01
       words: 2081
      flesch: 58
     summary: Yet the majority of this work is given to book pub- lishing with all of its problems and pitfalls and how, with knowledge and fore- thought, you might avoid them. The first, by Patricia Brauch, covered the book publishers in library and information sci- ence; the second, by Ruth Fraley and Bar- bara Vie, questioned journal publishers in the field.
    keywords: book; information; library
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        item: #2693 of 5668
          id: crl-14279
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1986-11-01
       words: 1565
      flesch: 54
     summary: Among the more than 100 contributors are: Dr. William G. Andrews, State University of N.Y, Brockport Dr. Donald Barry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Dr. Thomas Callaghy, Columbia University, New York Dr. Naomi Chazan, Harvard University, Cambridge Dr. Mark Delancey, University of South Carolina, Columbia Dr. Neil Elder, University of Hull, Hull, England Dr. Rene Lemarchand, University of Florida, Gainesville Dr. Andrew Parkin, Flinders University, Australia Dr. Bernard Reich, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. Ms. Rothschild and I are presently investigating the content of the National Faculty Survey compiled by Appalachian State University and Oklahoma State University's Faculty Salary Survey by Discipline for any pertinent statistics.
    keywords: faculty; university
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        item: #2694 of 5668
          id: crl-14282
      author: O'Hanlon, Nancyanne
       title: Library Skills, Critical Thinking, and the Teacher-Training Curriculum
        date: 1987-01-01
       words: 5371
      flesch: 53
     summary: This paper describes the results of a survey of elementary-education faculty at teacher-training institutions in Ohio designed to explore attitudes toward the elementary schoolteacher's role in research skills instruction and toward library instruction in teacher-training programs . Those professors with substantial college-teaching experience (18 or more years) viewed research skills instruction as primarily the instructor's responsibil- ity.
    keywords: library; research; skills; students; teacher
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14282.pdf
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        item: #2695 of 5668
          id: crl-14283
      author: Divay, Gaby; Ducas, Ada M.; Michaud-Oystryk, Nicole
       title: Faculty Perceptions of Librarians at the University of Manitoba
        date: 1987-01-01
       words: 4800
      flesch: 51
     summary: Whereas 58% of the SLU faculty and 51% of the SIU-C faculty thought that librari- ans' contributions were substantial, only a disappointing 21% of the University of Manitoba faculty believed that librarians had more than some involvement in the education of students. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Having studied the profile of the re- spondents, the authors analyzed the fol- lowing aspects of the data: • type of faculty-librarian contact (inside and outside of the library setting) • perceived usefulness of librarians • perceived importance of librarians' aca- demic subject background • perceived status of librarians at the uni- versity Each of these aspects was linked with the grouped disciplines and faculty rank.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; library; sciences
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        item: #2696 of 5668
          id: crl-14284
      author: Ray, Jean Meyer; Rubin, Angela Battaglia
       title: Pay Equity for Women in Academic Libraries: An Analysis of ARL Salary Surveys, 1976/77-1983/84
        date: 1987-01-01
       words: 7789
      flesch: 59
     summary: When individual categories are exam- ined starting at the top, an encouraging improvement is the increase in the num- ber and percentage of women directors, from 73 men, 8 women in 1976/77 to 76 men, 19 women in 1983/84, or from 9. 9 percent female to 20 percent female in seven years. TABLE 1 NUMBER AND AVERAGE SALARIES-OF ARL UNIVERSITY LlliRARIANS AT FOUR LEVELS, 1976/77 AND 1983/84 Number of Staff Average Salaries Rank Level Men % Women % Men Women Difference
    keywords: average; libraries; pay; percent; salaries; salary; women; years
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14284.pdf
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        item: #2697 of 5668
          id: crl-14285
      author: Hodge, Stanley P.; Ivins, Marilyn
       title: Current International Newspapers: Some Collection Management Implications
        date: 1987-01-01
       words: 5596
      flesch: 51
     summary: During a one-week period, the authors distributed the questionnaire to readers of current international newspapers every two hours that the library was open for service. 13 Criteria for Newspaper Selection Analysis of the nine newspaper policies received indicated that selection criteria for current international newspapers em- phasized .
    keywords: collection; current; international; libraries; newspapers; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14285.pdf
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        item: #2698 of 5668
          id: crl-14286
      author: Sheehy, Eugene P.
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1985-86
        date: 1987-01-01
       words: 8049
      flesch: 61
     summary: Two companion volumes in these- ries are to cover twentieth-century small and university presses and publishers of literary reference works and literary pub- lishing houses founded before 1900. Eugene P. Sheehy, Guide to Reference Books, lOth ed.
    keywords: american; bibliography; guide; index; information; isbn; libraries; new; reference; sources; volume; works
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14286.pdf
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        item: #2699 of 5668
          id: crl-14287
      author: Markey, Karen
       title: Subject Access Systems (Book Review)
        date: 1987-01-01
       words: 1240
      flesch: 52
     summary: Designers of subject access systems for material in historical societies, archives, li- braries, and museums will find this book a valuable resource for general principles of subject access. The author applies her many years of ex- perience as a designer and teacher of document-based subject access systems to the description of the three principal com- ponents of such systems: file, collection, and terminology.
    keywords: book; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14287.pdf
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        item: #2700 of 5668
          id: crl-14289
      author: Van House, Nancy
       title: The Economics of Research Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1987-01-01
       words: 1198
      flesch: 59
     summary: REVOLUTIONARY WAR SERIES Volume 2: September-December 1775 THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF VIRGINIA Box 3608 University Station Charlottesville, VA 22903 80 College & Research Libraries sues in academic library costs and fund- ing, with special attention to the effects of new technology and cooperation on both management and costs. The book also contains three substantive appendixes: one by Mi- chael Cooper on 'Economic Issues and Trends in Economic Libraries; one by Mark Cain, reporting on four case studies of university library management and rapid technological change; and an anno- tated bibliography on user fees and library economics by Jane Rosenberg.
    keywords: libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14289.pdf
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        item: #2701 of 5668
          id: crl-14291
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1987-01-01
       words: 396
      flesch: 47
     summary: But it will probably take a lot of research to make the connection between structure and library effectiveness. I hope that the research I now have underway, examining the organizational-level effec- tiveness of academic libraries in six U.S. Eastern states will help us begin to map out the library organizational effectiveness construct territory.
    keywords: organizational
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14291.pdf
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        item: #2702 of 5668
          id: crl-14292
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1987-01-01
       words: 3241
      flesch: 79
     summary: Ed. by Ronald Baughman. Ed. by H. V. Hodson.
    keywords: detroit; gale; isbn; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14292.pdf
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        item: #2703 of 5668
          id: crl-14293
      author: Martell, Charles R.
       title: Editorial: Worlds of Reference
        date: 1987-03-01
       words: 789
      flesch: 64
     summary: At Sacramento periodicals are shelved in title order, but it has been suggested that we classify and order them by call number prior to the move into a major new addition. CHARLES MARTELL IN FORTHCOMING ISSUES OF COLLEGE & RESEARCH LIBRARIES Special Collections: Strategies for Support in an Era of Limited Resources by Rebecca Martin Library Literature in Mainland China: A Content Analysis by Douglas Cooper
    keywords: mental
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14293.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14293.txt

        item: #2704 of 5668
          id: crl-14294
      author: Werrell, Emily; Sullivan, Laura
       title: Faculty Status for Academic Librarians: A Review of the Literature
        date: 1987-03-01
       words: 5550
      flesch: 52
     summary: 12 In 1983, Faculty Status 97 Anthony Tassin reported that large numbers of academic librarians are begin- ning to doubt its benefits or even assert their conviction that faculty status is not to their advantage. 13 English's 1983 survey of ARL libraries found that 'the once- popular thrust to shift academic librarians from nonfaculty to faculty status-a move- ment of considerable impetus in the 1960s and early 1970s-had apparently run its course.'
    keywords: academic; college; faculty; librarians; library; research; status
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14294.pdf
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        item: #2705 of 5668
          id: crl-14295
      author: Marchionini, Gary; Nitecki, Danuta A.
       title: Managing Change: Supporting Users of Automated Systems
        date: 1987-03-01
       words: 3595
      flesch: 54
     summary: One strategy for managing the changes due to online integrated library systems is to provide user and staff training. The results suggest that training should focus on generic strategies for information seeking rather than on the functional use of integrated library systems.
    keywords: instruction; libraries; library; system; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14295.pdf
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        item: #2706 of 5668
          id: crl-14298
      author: Bond, Randall; DeCarlo, Mary; Henes, Elizabeth; Snyder, Eileen
       title: Preservation Study at the Syracuse University Libraries
        date: 1987-03-01
       words: 6900
      flesch: 72
     summary: Number of sample volumes in Bird that are monographs . Number of sample volumes in Bird that were published in the United States.
    keywords: bird; repair; sample; survey; volumes
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14298.pdf
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        item: #2707 of 5668
          id: crl-14299
      author: Repp, Joan M.; Glaviano, Cliff
       title: Dissertations: A Study of the Scholar's Approach
        date: 1987-03-01
       words: 6509
      flesch: 46
     summary: Subject access is least often used to locate a relevant dissertation since subject control of dissertation information is very limited. Of all responses, only 22% indicated Dissertations 155 finding dissertation information by data- base searching, a lower rate than the 27.3% indicated for the selected disci- plines of table 6.
    keywords: cataloging; dissertation; information; libraries; subject; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14299.pdf
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        item: #2708 of 5668
          id: crl-14300
      author: Ball, Mary Alice; Mahony, Molly
       title: Foreign Students, Libraries, and Culture
        date: 1987-03-01
       words: 4288
      flesch: 59
     summary: College and Research Libraries Foreign Students, Libraries, and Culture ·1 Mary Alice Ball and Molly Mahony The number of foreign students in the library is increasing, and, with it, librarians' commit- ment to improve service to this portion of the academic community. If your college or university is typical, the number of foreign students enrolled has increased steadily in the past decade.
    keywords: foreign; libraries; library; staff; students; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14300.pdf
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        item: #2709 of 5668
          id: crl-14301
      author: McGrath, William E.
       title: Ratings and Rankings: Multiple Comparisons of Mean Ratings (Research Note)
        date: 1987-03-01
       words: 2695
      flesch: 68
     summary: Thus, their finding of a per- ceived hierarchy of journal prestige is not supported. If journal prestige and importance must be studied, then many related questions- including those raised here and by Kohl and Davis-must also be studied.
    keywords: journal; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14301.pdf
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        item: #2710 of 5668
          id: crl-14305
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1987-03-01
       words: 1905
      flesch: 80
     summary: Book Review Digest- fiction English-language books published or A Reputation for Excellence distributed in the United States or Canada, Book Review Digest has earned its place as Providing excerpts from and citations to one of the reference librarian's most trusted reviews of current adult and juvenile fiction resources. This new Index makes the annual and non-fiction, Book Review Digest covers volumes of BRD even more valuable for your nearly 6,000 books each year.
    keywords: gale; isbn
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14305.pdf
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        item: #2711 of 5668
          id: crl-14307
      author: Cooper, Douglas W.
       title: Library Literature in Mainland China: A Content Analysis
        date: 1987-05-01
       words: 5364
      flesch: 55
     summary: umerous recent reports in the literature suggest that the li- brary world in mainland China is recouping the losses it suf- fered during the Cultural Revolution and is making great strides toward catching up with library science in the West. Another possible explanation is that li- brarians in mainland China have a view of library science quite different from that of their counterparts in the West and do not see the discipline as one of the social sci- ences with an established and growing body of knowledge.
    keywords: china; journals; libraries; library; mainland; science; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14307.pdf
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        item: #2712 of 5668
          id: crl-14308
      author: Jakobovits, Leon A.; Nahl-Jakobovits, Diane
       title: Learning the Library: Taxonomy of Skills and Errors
        date: 1987-05-01
       words: 7614
      flesch: 53
     summary: The theory's main feature is a classification scheme for cataloging the very large body of skills and errors that make up the activities of library users. Some examples: User strives to learn new tools; resolves to be careful; wants to read library books; feels it is advantageous to learn to use the library; feels happy in a growing ability to carry out searches.
    keywords: affective; cognitive; domain; learning; level; library; psychomotor; search; user
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14308.pdf
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        item: #2713 of 5668
          id: crl-14309
      author: DeBoer, Kee; Culotta, Wendy
       title: The Academic Librarian and Faculty Status in the 1980s: A Survey of the Literature
        date: 1987-05-01
       words: 5141
      flesch: 60
     summary: However, when private institutions were separated from public universities, the figures were quite different: 88% of the public institutions and only 12% of the private schools granted librarians faculty status. TERMINOLOGY One of the most striking impressions of the review relating to faculty status for li- brarians in the 1980s is the great variation among responses.
    keywords: academic; faculty; librarians; research; status
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        item: #2714 of 5668
          id: crl-14310
      author: Getz, Malcolm
       title: Some Benefits of the Online Catalog
        date: 1987-05-01
       words: 9750
      flesch: 68
     summary: TABLE 3 FINDING TASKS Search Search Number of Catalog by Author Catalog by Patrons or Title Subject Facul~ 114 43 5 % o visits 37.7% 4.4% % of finding tasks 48 .3% 5.6% Graduate/professional 613 137 98 %of visits 22.3% 16% % of finding tasks 26.5% 19.0% Undergraduate 769 80 83 %of visits 10.4% 10.8% % of finding tasks 20.9% 21.7% Other 194 37 26 %of visits 19.1% 13.4% % of finding tasks 27.6% 19.4% Total 1,690 297 212 %of visits 17.6% 12.5% % of finding tasks 26.4% 18.9% tor, we see that just over a quarter of all visits involve consultation of reference materials, that reserve materials are prin- cipally consulted by undergraduates, and that about a fifth of all groups consult the books in the stacks. 68 % o visits 16.7% 17.5% 3.5% 12.3% 27.2% 3.5% 4.4% 82.5% 59.6% %of library materials 25.6% 5.1% 17.9% 39.7% 5.1% 6.4% 80.4% Graduate/ 613 175 169 70 105 187 38 28 772 439 Professional %of visits 28.5% 27.6% 11.4% 17.1% 30.5% 6.2% 4.6% 125.9% 71.6% %of library materials 28.3% 11.7% 17.6% 31.3% 6.4% 4.7% 77.3% Undergraduate 769 447 115 88 79 65 21 16 831 594 %of visits 58.1% 15% 11.4% 10.3% 8.5% 2.7% 2.1% 108.1% 77.2% %of library materials 29.9% 22.9% 20.6% 16.9% 5.5% 4.2% 46.2% Other 194 39 31 7 25 39 6 3 150 115 %of visits 20.1% 16% 3.6% 12.9% 20.1% 3.1% 1.5% 77.3% 59.3% %of library materials 27.9% 6.3% 22.5% 35.1% 5.4% 2.7% 74% Total 1,690 680 335 169 223 322 69 52 1,850 1,216 %of visits 40.2% 19.8% 10% 13.2% 19.1% 4.1% 3.1% 109.5% 72% %of tasks with library materials 28.6% 14.4% 19.1% 27.5% 5.9% 4.4% 63.2% TABLE 5 OTHER TASKS Number of
    keywords: catalog; library; search; success; time; users; value
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        item: #2715 of 5668
          id: crl-14311
      author: Martin, Rebecca R.
       title: Special Collections: Strategies for Support in an Era of Limited Resources
        date: 1987-05-01
       words: 3880
      flesch: 51
     summary: 3 The changing orientation of academic li­ braries has also worked against the contin­ uing development of special collections. In order to develop a rationale for the continuing support of special collections within the context of limited resources available to academic libraries today, we must look at the elements required to en­ sure their operation and use, as well as the preservation of materials.
    keywords: academic; collections; libraries; library; research; special; support
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        item: #2716 of 5668
          id: crl-14314
      author: Kelsey, Donald G.
       title: Planning Academic and Research Library Buildings (Book Review)
        date: 1987-05-01
       words: 547
      flesch: 65
     summary: For the reader who is new to library planning, the broad range of specific planning topics that pop up at al- most every step in the process may seem confusing and somewhat frustrating. The widely accepted reputation and authority of this work in the field of library planning made Leighton and Weber's challenge in undertaking the writing of a second edi- tion formidable.
    keywords: planning
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14314.pdf
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        item: #2717 of 5668
          id: crl-14315
      author: Shank, Russell
       title: Research Libraries: The Past 25 Years, the Next 25 Years. Papers for a Festschrift Honoring L. A. Anderson (Book Review)
        date: 1987-05-01
       words: 1248
      flesch: 59
     summary: The widely accepted reputation and authority of this work in the field of library planning made Leighton and Weber's challenge in undertaking the writing of a second edi- tion formidable. For the reader who is new to library planning, the broad range of specific planning topics that pop up at al- most every step in the process may seem confusing and somewhat frustrating.
    keywords: library; planning
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14315.pdf
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        item: #2718 of 5668
          id: crl-14316
      author: Vasi, John
       title: The Economics of Managing Library Service (Book Review)
        date: 1987-05-01
       words: 1630
      flesch: 57
     summary: The remainder of the volume consists of five papers from people now or until re- cently associated directly with the opera- tions of research libraries and contains the few brief, but cogent, analyses and com- mentaries. Ralph Ellsworth clearly makes the case for the modular library building as the only way to accommodate the kinds of changes that research libraries might have to make to match demands of the new information age.
    keywords: libraries; library; research
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        item: #2719 of 5668
          id: crl-14317
      author: Perry, Charles E.
       title: American Books Abroad (Book Review)
        date: 1987-05-01
       words: 1615
      flesch: 54
     summary: Part 3, Introducing Books to Their Markets, discusses the value of book reviewing tools, book fairs and ex- · hibits, and donations and gifts. For further information, or to place your order tionalPatent directly, call1-800-REACH-RP (1-800-732-2477). ~ 1-800-BIACB-BP 270 College & Research Libraries tion, coeditor William Childs continues the theme of American books as ' ne- glected ambassadors,' explaining that the work at hand has its most immediate his- torical basis in the commission given by the United States Information Agency (USIA) to the Reid Foundation to examine the U.S. book gap question and sug- gest solutions.
    keywords: american; information; library
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        item: #2720 of 5668
          id: crl-14318
      author: Hayes, Robert M.
       title: Toward Foundations of Information Science (Book Review)
        date: 1987-05-01
       words: 1865
      flesch: 52
     summary: College and Research Libraries 270 College & Research Libraries tion, coeditor William Childs continues the theme of American books as ' ne- glected ambassadors,' explaining that the work at hand has its most immediate his- torical basis in the commission given by the United States Information Agency (USIA) to the Reid Foundation to examine the U.S. book gap question and sug- gest solutions. Part 5, 'Institutional Responsibilities,' weighs the relative merits of public versus private efforts in supplying American books abroad and reviews the preeminent role of the USIA in this endeavor.
    keywords: american; information; science
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        item: #2721 of 5668
          id: crl-14319
      author: Fuderer, Laura
       title: Careers in other Fields for Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1987-05-01
       words: 1897
      flesch: 50
     summary: This Systems and Procedures Exchange Center (SPEC) kit con- tains information on the SPEC telephone sur- vey (questions asked and libraries contacted); one grant proposal (University of illinois); five program descriptions (Cornell University, Memphis State University, Pennsylvania State University, Texas A&M University, and Uni- versity of Pennsylvania); four examples of pub- licity (same libraries as above except for Penn- sylvania State); nine sets of instructional aids and references tools (same libraries as program descriptions-two items from Pennsylvania State-plus Drexel University, Johns Hopkins University, and University of Ottawa); six eval- uations/questionnaires (Cornell, Drexel, Mem- phis State, Pennsylvania State, Texas A&M Universities, and University of Ottawa); and a select bibliography. Unlike other manuals, such as Careers in Informa- tion by Jane F. Spivack (White Plains, N.Y.: Knowledge Industry, 1982), Careers in Other Fields for Librarians recognizes and promotes the qualities that librarians pos- sess in addition to information skills.
    keywords: information; records; university
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        item: #2722 of 5668
          id: crl-14320
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1987-05-01
       words: 538
      flesch: 59
     summary: There is one statement in the article that is, regrettably, misleading: that is, the amount of savings that can be gained via a compact storage device in comparison with the ten vol- umes per square foot in conventional open stack shelving.' This myth about the ten books per square foot limit (instead of fifteen to seventeen) has really been around too long.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14320.pdf
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        item: #2723 of 5668
          id: crl-14321
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications
        date: 1987-05-01
       words: 3926
      flesch: 77
     summary: This Systems and Procedures Exchange Center (SPEC) kit con- tains information on the SPEC telephone sur- vey (questions asked and libraries contacted); one grant proposal (University of illinois); five program descriptions (Cornell University, Memphis State University, Pennsylvania State University, Texas A&M University, and Uni- versity of Pennsylvania); four examples of pub- licity (same libraries as above except for Penn- sylvania State); nine sets of instructional aids and references tools (same libraries as program descriptions-two items from Pennsylvania State-plus Drexel University, Johns Hopkins University, and University of Ottawa); six eval- uations/questionnaires (Cornell, Drexel, Mem- phis State, Pennsylvania State, Texas A&M Universities, and University of Ottawa); and a select bibliography. Applicable in all Canadian jurisdictions, it is a necessary and afford- able tool for all courses in legal research and writing.
    keywords: detroit; gale; guide; isbn; libraries
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        item: #2724 of 5668
          id: crl-14323
      author: Dougherty, Richard M.
       title: Libraries and Computing Centers: A Blueprint for Collaboration
        date: 1987-07-01
       words: 4951
      flesch: 49
     summary: ibrarians now generally recog- nize the growing relationship between campus libraries and computing centers. Li- braries are not going to be physically moved into computing centers, and com- puting centers will not find themselves housed in campus libraries.
    keywords: campus; centers; computing; information; libraries; library
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        item: #2725 of 5668
          id: crl-14326
      author: Murfin, Marjorie E.; Gugelchuk, Gary M.
       title: Development and Testing of a Reference Transaction Assessment Instrument
        date: 1987-07-01
       words: 14204
      flesch: 63
     summary: Why have so many studies found high levels of patron satisfaction when, on the other hand, unobtrusive observation suggests that only about 50% of reference questions are answered correctly? Each library received a packet of 50 forms for reference questions and 50 forms for directional questions, plus de- tailed instructions.
    keywords: cluster; evaluation; information; librarian; libraries; library; number; patron; reference; reference librarian; reports; satisfaction; service; transaction; variables
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14326.pdf
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        item: #2726 of 5668
          id: crl-14327
      author: Camp, John A.; Agnew, Grace; Landram, Christina; Richards, Jane; Shelton, Judith M.
       title: Survey of Online Systems in U.S. Academic Libraries
        date: 1987-07-01
       words: 6834
      flesch: 66
     summary: 35.0 15 27.3 1 5.6 3 26 19.0 14 25.5 5 27.8 4 8 5.8 13 23.6 6 33.3 5 4 2.9 5 9.1 5 27.8 6 3 5.5 7 3 5.5 1 5.6 Note : Percentages may not equal100% due to rounding. College and Research Libraries Survey of Online Systems in U.S. Academic Libraries John A. Camp, Grace Agnew, Christina Landram, Jane Richards, and Judith M. Shelton A survey of online systems in U.S. academic libraries was conducted to gather information on acquisitions, serials, circulation, cataloging, interlibrary loan, and integrated systems.
    keywords: acquisitions; libraries; online; serials; systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14327.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14327.txt

        item: #2727 of 5668
          id: crl-14328
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1986-87
        date: 1987-07-01
       words: 9173
      flesch: 59
     summary: Code numbers (such as AD540, CJ331) have been used to refer to titles in Guide to Reference Books. Eugene P. Sheehy, Guide to Reference Books, lOth ed.
    keywords: articles; bibliography; entries; guide; history; index; information; list; reference; subject; volume; works
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14328.pdf
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        item: #2728 of 5668
          id: crl-14329
      author: Watson, Paula D.
       title: Teaching Librarians to Teach: On-the-Job Training for Bibliographic Instruction Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1987-07-01
       words: 1261
      flesch: 53
     summary: Chapter 4, following some preliminaries on the kinds of skills re- quired for good library instruction, re- . ports the results of the survey mentioned above on what research libraries are doing to build these skills in librarians who teach as part of their regular job assignments. A panel of expert contributors is assem- bled, and the result is another volume on bibliographic instruction.
    keywords: chapter; librarians
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14329.pdf
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        item: #2729 of 5668
          id: crl-14332
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1987-07-01
       words: 1311
      flesch: 50
     summary: · They can be utilized not only for monitoring the curricular, research and professional subject interest of faculty but they allow library subject specialists to more closely keep track of the expertise of individual researchers as well as trends in university programs and directions to improve referrals, collection development decisions, and orientation for new librarians. The women whom they cite have indeed conducted significant research in this area.
    keywords: librarians; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14332.pdf
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        item: #2730 of 5668
          id: crl-14333
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Abstracts; Other Publications
        date: 1987-07-01
       words: 4164
      flesch: 77
     summary: Hamilton, Ont.: McMaster Univ., 1986. 98p. Library Services for Hispanic Children: A Guide for Public and School Librarians. Research Services Directory.
    keywords: detroit; gale; guide; information; isbn; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14333.pdf
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        item: #2731 of 5668
          id: crl-14334
      author: Martell, Charles R.
       title: Editorial: To Marta: From the Drawer
        date: 1987-09-01
       words: 920
      flesch: 60
     summary: Inquiries about the FID/ET International Clearinghouse of Information Education and Training can be sent to Marta Dosa, Professor, School of Information Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210; (315) 423-4930. Inquiries in all languages are welcome, and programs in the developing regions of the world receive special emphasis.
    keywords: information; vaculik
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14334.pdf
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        item: #2732 of 5668
          id: crl-14335
      author: Cimbala, Diane J.
       title: The scholarly information Center: An Organizational Model
        date: 1987-09-01
       words: 3009
      flesch: 51
     summary: These members would prepare data for input, much as the staffs of cataloging depart- ments now do with OCLC and RUN and as programmers and systems specialists do in computer services. Scholarly Information Center 397 Librarians, computer services administra- tors, and upper-level administrators of colleges and universities must anticipate this change and begin long-range plan- ning to accommodate it.
    keywords: computing; information; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14335.pdf
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        item: #2733 of 5668
          id: crl-14337
      author: Price, Cheryl A.
       title: What Professional Librarians Expect from Administrators: One Librarian's View
        date: 1987-09-01
       words: 2592
      flesch: 55
     summary: Betsy Ann Stead and Richard W. Scannel sum- marized studies on role ambiguity, role conflict, and role clarity and noted that these factors were significantly related to job satisfaction. However, there are other theories regard- ing motivation and job satisfaction that may be more pertinent than Herzberg's theory.)
    keywords: administrator; job; librarian
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14337.pdf
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        item: #2734 of 5668
          id: crl-14338
      author: Fink, Deborah
       title: What Professional Librarians Expect from Administrators: Another Librarian's View
        date: 1987-09-01
       words: 2529
      flesch: 48
     summary: Library functions are typically desig- nated as services -technical services, public services, instructional services. Effective administrators will provide direction and information, as well as solicit information, both factual and af- fective.
    keywords: administrator; effective; price
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14338.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14338.txt

        item: #2735 of 5668
          id: crl-14339
      author: Alley, Brian
       title: What Professional Librarians Expect from Administrators: An Administrator's Response
        date: 1987-09-01
       words: 2041
      flesch: 46
     summary: In this article the author suggests that in addition to a recognized need for excellence on the part of library administrators, the librarians in the organization have an equal responsibility for excellence in their support of the library and its mission. If we need library administrators who will moti- vate, lead, support, and facilitate, then surely we need professional librarians who are creative, enthusiastic, dynamic, and determined performers.
    keywords: administrator; librarians
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14339.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14339.txt

        item: #2736 of 5668
          id: crl-14341
      author: Shill, Harold B.
       title: Bibliographic Instruction: Planning for the Electronic Information Environment
        date: 1987-09-01
       words: 13159
      flesch: 46
     summary: Electronic information services will normally be fee-based. It's important to read all the ser- vice handbooks, plan your search before sign- ing on, then swiftly get on and o££. 8 Otherwise, like Cleveland and Shea, he fails to address either the intricacies of Boolean searching or the social implica- tions of electronic information systems.
    keywords: academic; access; computer; education; electronic; environment; information; instruction; libraries; library; new; online; research; searching; services; students; technologies; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14341.pdf
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        item: #2737 of 5668
          id: crl-14342
      author: Geary, James W.
       title: ALA World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services (Book Review)
        date: 1987-09-01
       words: 2115
      flesch: 49
     summary: Common themes addressed in this vol- ume are the difficulty of measuring quali- tative and quantitative contributions of in- formation and information technology in organizations, the debate concerning gen- eralization versus specialization in library and information science education, and the question of whether there will be greater or lesser future roles for librarians ~ j j Lan- caster has contributed an excellent intro- duction in which he raises several impor- tant questions concerning the present state of information technology and acces- sibility to information.
    keywords: information; journal; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14342.pdf
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        item: #2738 of 5668
          id: crl-14343
      author: Edwards, Dana S.
       title: Information Technology and Information Use (Book Review)
        date: 1987-09-01
       words: 2491
      flesch: 60
     summary: Common themes addressed in this vol- ume are the difficulty of measuring quali- tative and quantitative contributions of in- formation and information technology in organizations, the debate concerning gen- eralization versus specialization in library and information science education, and the question of whether there will be greater or lesser future roles for librarians ~ j j E RESOURCE AUTHORITIES. Lan- caster has contributed an excellent intro- duction in which he raises several impor- tant questions concerning the present state of information technology and acces- sibility to information.
    keywords: collection; information; isbn; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14343.pdf
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        item: #2739 of 5668
          id: crl-14344
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1987-09-01
       words: 521
      flesch: 52
     summary: Carl Dorr Southeast Lawrence Nagel West Forrest Link Northeast Kim Anderson Lorraine Best Mountain Plains Canada I Midwest Library Service 114_43 St. Charles Rock Road Bndgeton , MO 63044 , USA . Book reviews that selectors routinely rely on could perhaps be fitted in intellectual content or bibliographic considerations.
    keywords: selection
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14344.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14344.txt

        item: #2740 of 5668
          id: crl-14347
      author: Schad, Jasper G.
       title: Fairness in Book Fund Allocation
        date: 1987-11-01
       words: 4648
      flesch: 59
     summary: No matter how difficult it is to agree on allocation principles, people are more likely to achieve consensus on principles than on how they should be applied. Even under the best of circum- stances, allocation decisions are often heavily influenced by extraneous factors, such as campus politics and power.
    keywords: allocation; departments; fairness; justice; principle; social
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14347.pdf
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        item: #2741 of 5668
          id: crl-14348
      author: Thomas, Lawrence
       title: Tradition and Expertise in Academic Library Collection Development
        date: 1987-11-01
       words: 4203
      flesch: 50
     summary: The opposing perspective, usually that of the faculty, is that library collections should reflect current publishing in the disci- plines regardless of current or prospective use of the material. Therefore, it seems almost inevitable that by granting collection de- velopment authority to faculty, a group whose first loyalty is to their profession, without stating guidelines for their ac- countability, library collections will tend to reflect the interests of the professions rather than the needs of the institution.
    keywords: academic; collection; faculty; librarians; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14348.pdf
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        item: #2742 of 5668
          id: crl-14349
      author: Boice, Robert; Scepanski, Jordan M.; Wilson, Wayne
       title: Librarians and Faculty Members: Coping with Pressures to Publish
        date: 1987-11-01
       words: 4711
      flesch: 62
     summary: College and Research Libraries Librarians and F acuity Members: Coping with Pressures to Publish Robert Boice, Jordan M. Scepanski, and Wayne Wilson Matched groups of librarians and faculty members demonstrated similar styles of coping with new pressures for scholarly writing. Moreover, librarians who value their status as faculty members wonder about the fairness of being com- pared to traditional faculty whose sched- ules seemingly permit more time for scholarship.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; members; time; writing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14349.pdf
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        item: #2743 of 5668
          id: crl-14350
      author: Lo, Henrietta
       title: The Obstacles to Reform: China Modernizes its University Libraries
        date: 1987-11-01
       words: 6014
      flesch: 60
     summary: College and Research Libraries The Obstacles to Reform: China Modernizes Its University Libraries Henrietta Lo Based on her seven-month research on university libraries in China during 1983 and 1985, the author discusses the problems confronting Chinese libraries in their courageous leap from me- dieval book-pre~;ervation warehouses to high-tech information centers. In 1954 a classification scheme, aimed mainly at university libraries, was compiled and published by the People's University, a key institution originally founded by the state to provide higher learning to top- ranking cadres.
    keywords: china; chinese; information; libraries; library; science; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14350.pdf
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        item: #2744 of 5668
          id: crl-14351
      author: Ciliberti, Anne C.; Casserly, Mary F.; Hegg, Judith L.; Mitchell, Eugene S.
       title: Material Availability: A Study of Academic Library Performance
        date: 1987-11-01
       words: 6826
      flesch: 58
     summary: In addition to conducting the librarian observations of patron searches, the com- mittee was also responsible for analyzing the self-reported data. In contrast to document delivery tests, shelf availability studies measure the de- gree of accessibility for titles actually sought by library patrons.
    keywords: catalog; errors; library; patrons; percent; searches; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14351.pdf
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        item: #2745 of 5668
          id: crl-14354
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1987-11-01
       words: 3739
      flesch: 78
     summary: Volumes J through IV, set of 4 specially dations of the Pane/of Eminent Persons priced E.86.II.A.6789 (ISBN: 92-1-1 04179-1) E.86.11.A.6789 $65.00 United Nations Publications EXTENT AND NATURE OF CIRCULATION (Average figures denote the average number of copies printed each issue during the preceding twelve months; Actual figures c:fenote actual number of copies of single issue published nearest to filing date-the July 1987issue.)
    keywords: detroit; gale; isbn; new; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14354.pdf
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        item: #2746 of 5668
          id: crl-14355
      author: Martell, Charles R.
       title: Editorial: Alice Spitzer, Library Superstar
        date: 1988-01-01
       words: 1991
      flesch: 43
     summary: Washington State University, a land-grant insti- tution, has close ties with many developing countries and with Pacific rim countries. I might add that not only has she gone beyond expectations in assigned and volunteer job duties, but she has published two articles this past year on user education, another one on international development and librarians, and she's in the process of completing a fourth one on integrating library user education into the general education curriculum. '
    keywords: alice; information; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14355.pdf
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        item: #2747 of 5668
          id: crl-14356
      author: Grover, Robert; Hale, Martha L.
       title: The Role of the Librarian in Faculty Research
        date: 1988-01-01
       words: 4352
      flesch: 53
     summary: IMPLICATIONS Our concern, expressed in the introduc- tion to this article, is that academic librari- ans must become more intimately in- volved in tl\e research process; they must become more proactive. he issue addressed by this pa- per is the role of the librarian in faculty research at a college or university.
    keywords: faculty; information; librarian; process; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14356.pdf
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        item: #2748 of 5668
          id: crl-14357
      author: Kania, Antoinette M.
       title: Academic Library Standards and Performance Measures
        date: 1988-01-01
       words: 5079
      flesch: 47
     summary: College and Research Libraries Academic Library Standards and Performance Measures Antoinette M. Kania This paper develops a model set of regional accreditation library standards that encompasses qualitative standards for accreditation purposes and suggested quantitative performance mea- sures for local self-evaluation purposes. A new set of academic library standards was thus developed with which specific performance measures could be used.
    keywords: academic; accreditation; college; libraries; library; standards
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14357.pdf
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        item: #2749 of 5668
          id: crl-14358
      author: Feinberg, Richard; King, Christine
       title: Short-Term Library Skill Competencies: Arguing for the Achievable
        date: 1988-01-01
       words: 2987
      flesch: 60
     summary: While some of these offer sta- tistical evidence of learning retention, there is still no compelling body of litera- tUre to indicate that one method is supe- rior to another for teaching library skills, whether for the short or long term. The leading authors contend that stu- dents should retain library skills through- out their lives so that they can tap this abil- ity whenever they do research.
    keywords: library; research; students; term
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14358.pdf
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        item: #2750 of 5668
          id: crl-14360
      author: Johnson, Peggy
       title: Implementing Technological Change
        date: 1988-01-01
       words: 4951
      flesch: 55
     summary: This article addresses some problems associated with technological change. Finally, a set of strategies for facilitating technological change is proposed.
    keywords: change; design; information; libraries; library; new; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14360.pdf
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        item: #2751 of 5668
          id: crl-14361
      author: Gerry, Ellen; Klingberg, Susan
       title: A survey of Participative Management in California State University Libraries
        date: 1988-01-01
       words: 4650
      flesch: 52
     summary: Res~onses % Res~onses 4 1.6 38 15.4 45 18.2 64 25.9 54 21.9 30 12.1 11 4.5 1 .4 247 100.0 5 2.0 69 27.9 79 32.0 74 30.0 20 8.1 247 100.0 145 58.7 102 41.3 247 100.0 120 48.6 127 51.4 247 100.0 117 47.4 130 52.6 247 100.0 87 35.2 140 56.7 11 4.5 7 2.8 2 .8 247 100.0 asked librarians' perceptions of the de- gree, quality, and effectiveness of partici- pation in decision making. Surveys Sent 7 24 12 25 26 16 9 33 21 30 14 23 8 36 32 34 27 10 7 1 395 %
    keywords: decision; librarians; library; management
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14361.pdf
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        item: #2752 of 5668
          id: crl-14363
      author: Sweetland, James   H.
       title: Time Required for Shelf Reading — A Case Study (Research Note)
        date: 1988-01-01
       words: 2383
      flesch: 67
     summary: 6 Since formal inventories involve a form of shelf reading, however, some studies related to these do provide information. 11 Purdue reports a full search of the entire library took 3 staff 3 weeks, a rate of 10 books per person- hour.12 Normally, however, shelf reading is not an inventory and is intended to prevent the obvious costs of searching.
    keywords: library; reading; shelf; volumes
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14363.pdf
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        item: #2753 of 5668
          id: crl-14364
      author: Hartman, Donald K.; Lopez, Manuel D.
       title: Dissertations - An Online Dilemma (Research Note)
        date: 1988-01-01
       words: 4022
      flesch: 94
     summary: the Database of Databases (file 230 on Dia- log) indicated that over 300 databases in- cluded dissertations and/or theses. This ·reduced the number of databases listed as having dissertations or theses, by document type, to 153.
    keywords: dissertations; l l; l x
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14364.pdf
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        item: #2754 of 5668
          id: crl-14365
      author: Osburn, Charles B.
       title: The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society (Book Review)
        date: 1988-01-01
       words: 1095
      flesch: 45
     summary: With the active personal in- volvement of the dean of the libraries and the pivotal role of library automation in the technological transformation of the university itself, NYU libraries have been The primary objectives of the study are: 1. to examine the management and planning of university libraries within the context of overall institutional goals and objectives; and 2. to examine the impact of technologi- cal changes on library operations, with re- gard to both current and future activities.
    keywords: information; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14365.pdf
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        item: #2755 of 5668
          id: crl-14367
      author: Rosenthal, Robert
       title: The First 350 Years of the Harvard University Library: Description of an Exhibition (Book Review)
        date: 1988-01-01
       words: 1679
      flesch: 56
     summary: Whatever one wishes to call it-a collec- tion of collections, a library of libraries, the world's largest privately supported li- brary, an international collection, or sim- ply many tubs sailing the bibliographical seas on their individual bottoms-the Har- vard University Library is a phenomenon that commands admiration and respect. One of the vir- tues of this volume is that it gives a broad perspective of change and durability within a unique institution from which the thoughtful reader can draw the lessons of history, or at least the history of libraries.
    keywords: collection; harvard; library
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        item: #2756 of 5668
          id: crl-14370
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1988-01-01
       words: 1110
      flesch: 54
     summary: Any conclusions about timeliness of review journals in 1981 are almost certainly worthless to anyone using these journals in 1987. The question of descriptive versus analytical reviews is also extremely misleading as Rehman defines it.
    keywords: rehman; reviews
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14370.pdf
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        item: #2757 of 5668
          id: crl-14371
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1988-01-01
       words: 2664
      flesch: 81
     summary: Friends of College Libraries. $17.00pb; ACRL member $14.00 134P· 0-8389-7171-7 1987 Periodicals in College Libraries.
    keywords: detroit; gale; isbn
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        item: #2758 of 5668
          id: crl-14372
      author: Martell, Charles R.
       title: Editorial: Terry Link, Library Superstar II
        date: 1988-03-01
       words: 1829
      flesch: 71
     summary: In response to your C&RL editorial in November 1987, let me offer Terry Link as the best librarian I have yet to encounter. As a human being or just in his role as a librarian, Terry Link is as good as they come.
    keywords: reference; terry; work
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        item: #2759 of 5668
          id: crl-14373
      author: Anderson, Glenn A.
       title: The Emergence of the Book
        date: 1988-03-01
       words: 3035
      flesch: 62
     summary: the inference that the change in writ- ing material from papyrus to parchment led to the change from roll to codex form, and 2. the assumption that the physical shortcomings of the roll led to the over- throw of papyrus as the scribes' chosen material (see figure 1). Taken as a body, Christian biblical writ- ings before the year 400 are almost invari- ably in codex form.
    keywords: codex; form; manuscripts; papyrus
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        item: #2760 of 5668
          id: crl-14375
      author: Crowe, Lawson; Anthes, Susan H.
       title: The Academic Librarian and Information Technology: Ethical Issues
        date: 1988-03-01
       words: 4855
      flesch: 46
     summary: the quality and nature of ser- vices provided for information access are at least as significant as the size of a particular collection.' First of all, the quality and nature of services provided for information access are at least as signifi- cant as the size of a particular collection.
    keywords: academic; access; ethical; information; librarian; library
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        item: #2761 of 5668
          id: crl-14376
      author: Gothberg, Helen M.; Riggs, Donald E.
       title: Time Management in Academic Libraries
        date: 1988-03-01
       words: 5609
      flesch: 61
     summary: A significant body of business literature on the subject of time management is available. UTILITY OF THE RESEARCH RESULTS Little has been written on the subject of time management in the library profes- sion.
    keywords: library; management; managers; number; time; work
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        item: #2762 of 5668
          id: crl-14377
      author: Allison, Dee Ann; Sartori, Eva
       title: Professional Staff Turnover in Academic Libraries: A Case Study
        date: 1988-03-01
       words: 4391
      flesch: 56
     summary: MOTIVATION TO LEAVE ( TURNOVER ) ( STAY ) FIGURE 1 Turnover Model have on turnover. John L. Cotton and Jeffrey M. Tuttle, Employee Turnover: A Meta-Analysis and Review with Im- plications for Research, Academy of Management Review 11:55-70 (1986).
    keywords: factors; librarians; research; turnover
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        item: #2763 of 5668
          id: crl-14379
      author: Cullars, John
       title: Characteristics of the Monographic Scholarship of Foreign Literary Studies by Native Speakers of English
        date: 1988-03-01
       words: 8681
      flesch: 57
     summary: The total sample had a mean of 2.11 references per page, of which 1.34 were foreign references. The data are analyzed by (1) the percent- age of references to the form of the source and (2) by the chronological period in which the cited work was published, with further subdivisions for the percentages of foreign references, individual foreign lan- guages cited, primary sources, and self- citations.
    keywords: books; english; foreign; journal; literary; literature; references; study
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        item: #2764 of 5668
          id: crl-14380
      author: Werking, Richard Hume
       title: Higher Learning (Book Review)
        date: 1988-03-01
       words: 1156
      flesch: 52
     summary: The subsequent chapter on New Developments focuses on continuing education, education for public service (with both of these themes being tied to professional education), and the computer revolution. Bok contends that reform of higher education is not going to come sig- nificantly from competition, from external March 1988 pressure, or from the faculty, who tend to agree with the proposition that 'nothing · should ever be done for the first time (p.186).
    keywords: bok; education
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        item: #2765 of 5668
          id: crl-14381
      author: Johnson, Richard M.
       title: Choosing Quality: Reducing Conflict between the State and the University (Book Review)
        date: 1988-03-01
       words: 1800
      flesch: 57
     summary: He has something to say to all of the key actors in- volved in the enterprise of higher educa- tion from university faculty members and administrators to board members to mem- bers of the legislative and executive branches of state government. Bok contends that reform of higher education is not going to come sig- nificantly from competition, from external March 1988 pressure, or from the faculty, who tend to agree with the proposition that 'nothing · should ever be done for the first time (p.186).
    keywords: education; state; university
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        item: #2766 of 5668
          id: crl-14382
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1988-03-01
       words: 913
      flesch: 64
     summary: Subscribe today by contacting BIOSIS Customer Services, 2100 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1399 USA. Telephone toll free 1-800-523-4806 (USA except PA) or (215) 587-4800 worldwide.
    keywords: librarian; library
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        item: #2767 of 5668
          id: crl-14383
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1988-03-01
       words: 2225
      flesch: 82
     summary: Publication information on over 17,000 life science journals and serials • Forthcoming Events -Information on upcoming meetings, symposia, seminars and special events in the life sciences Also, the following databases are now under development: • Jobllne - Current employment opportunities available in the life sciences • BioTheses- References to theses of interest to life scientists • Forthcoming Publications- Books, journals and other upcoming life science publications of interest to you • AIDS Database - Current findings in AIDS research • AND MORE TO COME! Just look at what's available to you : • BioExpress -Twelve weeks' worth of reference citations to journal articles, updated weekly • BioMeetings - Hard-to-find meetings and symposia research findings • BioBooks- Recently published life science books, with synopses of individual chapters and publication information • BioPatents - Recently granted U.S. patents in the life sciences • Serial Sources for the BIOSIS Data Base'-
    keywords: gale; isbn
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        item: #2768 of 5668
          id: crl-14386
      author: Ferguson, Anthony W.; Grant, Joan; Rutstein, Joel S.
       title: The RLG Conspectus: Its Uses and Benefits
        date: 1988-05-01
       words: 5557
      flesch: 48
     summary: College and Research Libraries The RLG Conspectus: Its Uses and Benefits Anthony W. Ferguson, Joan Grant, and Joel S. Rutstein The Conspectus is an online subject inventory of library collections that facilitates cooperation and collaborative collection development. RLG libraries recently agreed to focus on two levels of preservation activ- ity: preserving high-use items identified l?cally and another set of items, irrespec- tive of use, as a part of the consortia!, na- tional preservation effort.
    keywords: collection; conspectus; libraries; library; research; rlg; use
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        item: #2769 of 5668
          id: crl-14387
      author: Kong, Leslie M.; Goodfellow, R. A. H.
       title: Charting a Career Path in the Information Professions
        date: 1988-05-01
       words: 5513
      flesch: 45
     summary: Most notably, Delbert Miller and William Form, and Ed- gar Schein, have developed models based on work and career stages. The number of individuals af- fected by one's decisions increases at each succeeding career stage.
    keywords: academic; career; information; librarians; library; new; professional; stage
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14387.pdf
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        item: #2770 of 5668
          id: crl-14388
      author: Lynden, Frederick C.
       title: Prices of Foreign Library Materials: A Report
        date: 1988-05-01
       words: 8919
      flesch: 60
     summary: In summary, LIBER proposed in 1977 to cre- ate academic book price indexes for West- ern European countries. This type of crossfertiliza- tion has not occurred regularly because there have been too few meetings of ex- perts on library materials prices from Eu- rope and the United States.
    keywords: academic; book; data; foreign; indexes; libraries; library; materials; price
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        item: #2771 of 5668
          id: crl-14389
      author: Dale, Doris Cruger
       title: The Learning Resource Center's Role in the Community College System
        date: 1988-05-01
       words: 4345
      flesch: 64
     summary: A class period (or more) is set aside for one of the library staff to demonstrate the search for and use of library materials. 13 Hostrop researched library us- age at the College of the Desert In Califor- nia, studying the relationship of academic success and selected other factors to actual student use of library materials.
    keywords: college; community; libraries; library; students; use
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        item: #2772 of 5668
          id: crl-14390
      author: Townley, Charles T.; Peguese, Charles R.; Rohm, Kenneth G.
       title: Academic Library-State Library Agency Relationships: The Pennsylvania Needs Assessment
        date: 1988-05-01
       words: 6310
      flesch: 52
     summary: These in- clude: advocacy of academic library needs; linked system protocols; telecommunications; and new technologies. The methodology could be suc- cessfully replicated in other states to identify academic library needs that can be appropriately addressed by the state li- brary agency and to build consensus in the academic library community for such ac- tivity.
    keywords: academic; academic libraries; libraries; library; needs; pennsylvania; state
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        item: #2773 of 5668
          id: crl-14391
      author: Thomas, Joy
       title: Bibliographic Instructors in The Sciences: A Profile (Research Note)
        date: 1988-05-01
       words: 4328
      flesch: 55
     summary: College and Research Libraries Research Notes Bibliographic Instructors in the Sciences: A Profile Joy Thomas Responses of 100 librarians to a questionnaire revealed a profile of the educational background and attitudes of science librarians involved in bibliographic instruction. Later, as CSULB's li- brary instruction coordinator, I undertook a statewide survey of science librarians in- volved in bibliographic instruction in an effort to determine how training for librar- ians to give instruction had been accom- plished at other libraries.
    keywords: bibliographic; instruction; librarians; library; training; university
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        item: #2774 of 5668
          id: crl-14392
      author: Popa, Opritsa D.; Metzger, Deborah A.; Singleton, James A.
       title: Teaching Search Techniques on the Computerized Catalog and on the Traditional Card Catalog: A Comparative Study (Research Note)
        date: 1988-05-01
       words: 7293
      flesch: 66
     summary: This effect is zero for card catalog test scores. ~pothesls 4) LEGEND: OFF: Subgroup taught card catalog first ON:
    keywords: card; card catalog; catalog; international; online; students; test
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        item: #2775 of 5668
          id: crl-14393
      author: Klingberg, Susan
       title: The Call to Reform Liberal Education: Great Books of 1987 (Book Review)
        date: 1988-05-01
       words: 4306
      flesch: 59
     summary: A remarkable number of titles was pub- lished in 1987 analyzing college teaching and learning and the educational achieve- ment of college students. Therefore the literature test assessed a number of different ele- ments: the curriculum (what is taught); student knowledge (what is retained); and inherited and popular culture.
    keywords: bloom; college; curriculum; education; students; teaching
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        item: #2776 of 5668
          id: crl-14395
      author: Martell, Charles R.
       title: Editorial: Library Superstars Revisited: One More Time
        date: 1988-07-01
       words: 1417
      flesch: 56
     summary: Accounting • Acquisitions & Mergers • Advertising • Building & Construction • Communications • Computers • Economics • Electronics • Engineering • Finance & Investments • Government Regulations In business, a truly listening spirit has sometimes led people in production, an area often removed from direct customer contact, to work directly with a customer often to tailor a product to the customer's unique specifications.
    keywords: excellence; reference; university
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        item: #2777 of 5668
          id: crl-14396
      author: Lewis, David W.
       title: Inventing the Electronic University
        date: 1988-07-01
       words: 8864
      flesch: 58
     summary: As the process of scholarly communication becomes more completely electronic, efficiencies will come into play and library service both inside and outside the library should im- prove. Much of what needs to be taught about library use is tutorial and appropri- ate for computer packages.
    keywords: communication; computer; electronic; information; libraries; library; research; scholarly; university; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14396.pdf
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        item: #2778 of 5668
          id: crl-14397
      author: Sanders, Nancy P.; O'Neill, Edward T.; Weibel, Stuart L.
       title: Automated Collection Analysis Using the OCLC and RLG Bibliographic Databases
        date: 1988-07-01
       words: 4955
      flesch: 53
     summary: The study found that the methodology provided a promising alternative means of analyzing and comparing library collections. 305 306 College & Research Libraries A literature review revealed substantial work in the area of collection analysis, par- ticularly in collection overlap.
    keywords: analysis; botany; collection; libraries; library
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        item: #2779 of 5668
          id: crl-14398
      author: Gregory, Vicki L.
       title: State Coordination of Higher Education and Academic Libraries
        date: 1988-07-01
       words: 5185
      flesch: 51
     summary: Vicki L. Gregory This study consists of a historical descriptive exploration on the attention given over the past twenty years by state coordinating agencies of higher education to academic libraries in tenns of (1) funding and funding fonnulas and (2) statewide library networks and other statewide coop- erative programs. 4 The purpose of this study was to examine the development over the past twenty years (1965-85) of the relationship between state coordinating agencies and statewide library cooperative programs and the funding of academic libraries in · pubic universities of selected states.
    keywords: academic; coordinating; libraries; library; state
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        item: #2780 of 5668
          id: crl-14399
      author: Carrigan, Dennis P.
       title: The Political Economy of the Academic Library
        date: 1988-07-01
       words: 4345
      flesch: 56
     summary: Patrons who consume library services do not control or provide the resources upon which the li- brary depends. Patron satisfaction with library services may work to the library's advantage when the administration allocates resources.
    keywords: academic; college; economy; library; political; university
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        item: #2781 of 5668
          id: crl-14402
      author: Kelly, Sarah A.
       title: Use of a Laser Videodisc System: Attitudes (Research Note)
        date: 1988-07-01
       words: 2751
      flesch: 62
     summary: J Librarians also are aware of the impor- tance of user attitudes as factors in accept- ing new technologies. However, neither expertise on computers nor initial attitudes determined success in using the system.
    keywords: attitudes; system; videodisc
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        item: #2782 of 5668
          id: crl-14403
      author: Hoover, John Neal
       title: The Collections and Programs of the American Antiquarian Society: A 175th Anniversary Guide (Book Review)
        date: 1988-07-01
       words: 2021
      flesch: 53
     summary: A blueprint for the past, current, and future trends in scholarship is thus created for important library collections of the soci- ety, as well as a formal statement for fu- ture collection development. The underlying purpose of this confer- ence on integrated online library systems, and therefore of its proceedings, is tore- flect on the trend toward 'open' library systems and linkages to other systems .
    keywords: american; library; research; society
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        item: #2783 of 5668
          id: crl-14404
      author: Smith, Tom
       title: Conference on Integrated Online Library Systems (Book Review)
        date: 1988-07-01
       words: 1198
      flesch: 53
     summary: The underlying purpose of this confer- ence on integrated online library systems, and therefore of its proceedings, is tore- flect on the trend toward 'open' library systems and linkages to other systems . The contrib- July 1988 uted papers and plenary session papers cover the entire spectrum of data on inte- grated online library systems.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #2784 of 5668
          id: crl-14405
      author: Boss, Richard W.
       title: Libraries, Technology, and the Information Marketplace: Selected Papers (Book Review)
        date: 1988-07-01
       words: 1003
      flesch: 53
     summary: ; establishing Five Compelling Reasons To Use The 8/0SIS Previews® Database July 1988 (while chairman of the University Grants Committee) a Working Party on Capital Provision for University Libraries, which resulted in the production of the famous (or infamous) 'Atkinson Report' on size and funding of British academic libraries; and, most importantly, serving as chair- man of the National Libraries Committee, which was directly responsible for the cre- ation of the British Library in 1973. The articles cover a twenty-year period-two-thirds of the au- thor's professional career-and are grouped under the topics: Libraries and the Information Marketplace; Managing the Library in Transition; Library Technol- ogy and Networking; and Library Auto- mation: The Early Years.
    keywords: information; libraries
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        item: #2785 of 5668
          id: crl-14406
      author: Lancaster, F. W.
       title: The World of Books and Information: Essays in Honour of Lord Dainton (Book Review)
        date: 1988-07-01
       words: 1257
      flesch: 53
     summary: ; establishing Five Compelling Reasons To Use The 8/0SIS Previews® Database July 1988 (while chairman of the University Grants Committee) a Working Party on Capital Provision for University Libraries, which resulted in the production of the famous (or infamous) 'Atkinson Report' on size and funding of British academic libraries; and, most importantly, serving as chair- man of the National Libraries Committee, which was directly responsible for the cre- ation of the British Library in 1973. The exclusion of Vanity Fair, Puck, the Philistine, and similar journals 'because they are being included in another book in this series on humor magazines seems unfortunate (however defensible from the publisher's point of view) for a collection and its projected companion volume that are intended as comprehensive sources of information on their subject.
    keywords: information; libraries; library
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        item: #2786 of 5668
          id: crl-14407
      author: Manning, Dale
       title: American Literary Magazines: The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (Book Review)
        date: 1988-07-01
       words: 1853
      flesch: 65
     summary: American Literary Magazines: The Eight- eenth and Nineteenth Centuries. American Literary Magazines will be in two volumes, the subtitle indicating the scope of this first installment, leaving the substantial body of twentieth-century American literary magazines to volume 2.
    keywords: literary; magazines
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        item: #2787 of 5668
          id: crl-14408
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1988-07-01
       words: 464
      flesch: 57
     summary: DONNA RUBENS ESTIS Coordinator, University of Minnesota To the Editor: We appreciate the coverage of Dissertation Abstracts Online in Dissertations-an On- line Dilemma (C&RL, January 1988, p. 78-84), by Donald Hartman and Manuel Lopez. Even though some schools do not submit everything, we attempt to be comprehensive by providing citations from our publication American Doctoral Dissertations.
    keywords: online
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        item: #2788 of 5668
          id: crl-14409
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1988-07-01
       words: 3153
      flesch: 73
     summary: • Technology Seminars will provide substantive overviews of six topics including expert systems and artificial intelligence, optical technolo- gies, microcomputers, integrated library information systems, facsimile and optical scanning technology, telecommunications • Forty Technical Sessions on such topics as authority work in an online environment, administration of technology and implications for traditional services, preservation of library materials and disaster planning, optical publishing, relations between libraries and computer centers, the electronic library • New Product Reviews by selected exhibitors providing in-depth demonstrations of newly introduced or enhanced products and services • Showcases of real-life uses of new technologies presented by library and information science practitioners sharing their most recent developments and projects • Exhibits-over 1 00 exhibitors and 150 exhibit booths displaying the latest in library technology • Open House Visits to see automated library systems in many of the leading libraries in the Boston area • Post-Conference Workshops on data conversion, the Apple Macintosh as a library workstation, design and use of online authority control systems, hacking IBM PC system hardware, preparing for serials automation, library systems facilities management Choose the pieces you need to bring together technology and service - Come to Boston In October for LIT A's 2nd National Conference. Ed. by Paul Wasserman, James R. Kelly, and LlBW\Rll~g;~oCl£~: l~l:£0\lM.c.r{'liC~L Lis publication brings ,1 ;:::) l t together in one place basic statistics about I\. c;rr~rr-r N libraries in the United States that describe what t'- ;J M f\. ~ ~ l libraries are and do, how they are used and by S ~ \\\1\' t'-l'- whom, what they contain, how they are financed \ \J 1., 1- and staffed, and how they spend their resources.
    keywords: detroit; gale; isbn; library
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        item: #2789 of 5668
          id: crl-14411
      author: McInnis, Raymond G.; Symes, Dal
       title: David Riesman and the Concept of Bibliographic Citation
        date: 1988-09-01
       words: 8033
      flesch: 54
     summary: 13 SCHOLARSHIP AS PERSUASION If we accept this understanding about the function of bibliographic citation, a li- brary is not primarily a quarry, or a factory.' ' In the 1940s, dramatic changes in our concept of bibliographic citation began to occur.
    keywords: bibliographic; bibliographic citation; citation; concept; knowledge; riesman; scholarly; scholarship; scientific
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        item: #2790 of 5668
          id: crl-14413
      author: Rutledge, John; Swindler, Luke
       title: Evaluating Membership in a Resource-Sharing Program: The Center for Research Libraries
        date: 1988-09-01
       words: 10488
      flesch: 58
     summary: In addition, consultants who surveyed collection development librari- ans at CRL member institutions (hereafter referred to as the MGF report) found that only half considered membership a good investment. 2 Rapid changes in the financial and tech- nological environment of libraries have forced many institutions to reevaluate their collection development programs and reexamine their commitments to co- operative options, including reviewing CRL membership.
    keywords: center; collections; cost; crl; libraries; library; materials; membership; report; research
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        item: #2791 of 5668
          id: crl-14415
      author: Byrne, Alex; Micco, Mary
       title: Improving OPAC Subject Access: The ADFA Experiment
        date: 1988-09-01
       words: 5444
      flesch: 61
     summary: The ADFA library continues to input subject access terms, thereby providing an increasing pool of research data. The project was entitled the Enhance Subject Project (ESP}, and the staff began referring to the additional terms selected as ESP terms.
    keywords: access; esp; headings; percent; subject; terms
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        item: #2792 of 5668
          id: crl-14418
      author: Morrisey, Locke J.; Case, Donald O.
       title: There Goes My Image: The Perception of Male Librarians by Colleague, Student, and Self
        date: 1988-09-01
       words: 7210
      flesch: 61
     summary: In addition to the questionnaire, male M.L.S. students and male librarians were given another version of the twenty word pairs and were asked to record how they believed male librarians were per- ceived by others. Case A study of 132 undergraduate students, 70 M. L. S. students, and 29 university librarians used twenty semantic differential word-pair scales to compare perceptions of male librarians among these groups.
    keywords: descriptors; image; librarians; m.l.s; male; responses; students
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        item: #2793 of 5668
          id: crl-14419
      author: Soergel, Dagobert
       title: Subject Access to Visual Resources Collections: A Model for Computer Constructions of Thematic Catalogs (Book Review)
        date: 1988-09-01
       words: 1530
      flesch: 68
     summary: • BioExpress- Twelve weeks ' worth of reference citations to journal articles, updated weekly • BioMeetlngs - Hard-to-find meetings and symposia research findings • BloBooks- Recently published life science books, including synopses, references to individual chapters and publication information • BioPatents - Recently granted U.S. patents in the life sciences • Serial Sources for the BIOSIS Data Base THE BIOSIS CONNECTION™ YOUR DIRECT LINE TO BIOSISlf - Providing life science research information with low-priced access to a growing variety of databases .
    keywords: book; isbn; subject
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        item: #2794 of 5668
          id: crl-14420
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Research Questions of Interest to ARL; Letters
        date: 1988-09-01
       words: 2542
      flesch: 54
     summary: What is the impact of multiple remote locations for library materials and speed of availability on collection development deci- sions? What do research libraries spend to acquire journals and other materials published abroad?
    keywords: impact; libraries; library; research
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        item: #2795 of 5668
          id: crl-14421
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1988-09-01
       words: 796
      flesch: 80
     summary: Subscribe today by contacting BIOSIS Customer Services, 2100 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1399 USA. Telephone toll free 3-800-523-4806 (USA except PA) or (215) 587-4800 worldwide.
    keywords: isbn
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        item: #2796 of 5668
          id: crl-14422
      author: Thompson, James C.
       title: Guest Editorial: Journal Costs: Perception and Reality in the Dialogue
        date: 1988-11-01
       words: 1532
      flesch: 60
     summary: Our growing international network links you to other libraries, publishers, online systems, and networks. They use every possible twist of pricing, enumeration, and pagination to disguise price increases that are quickly gobbling up monograph and retrospective purchase funds and turning general academic libraries into science journal collections.
    keywords: journal; publishers; publishing
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        item: #2797 of 5668
          id: crl-14423
      author: Hacken, Richard D.
       title: Tomorrow's Research Library: Vigor or Rigor Mortis?
        date: 1988-11-01
       words: 5298
      flesch: 59
     summary: Technology had peeled the covers off the information content of library collections and had given users direct ac- cess to this information from locations of their own choosing. Will book ownership give way entirely to information access?
    keywords: access; collection; future; information; libraries; library; research; technology
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        item: #2798 of 5668
          id: crl-14424
      author: Bell, Jo Ann; Speer, Susan
       title: Bibliographic Verification for Interlibrary Loan: Is it Necessary?
        date: 1988-11-01
       words: 3313
      flesch: 61
     summary: However, the difference be- tween the time required for the lending library to supply unverified requests and verified requests was not significant. Also, the lending library incurs direct ex- pense for returning incorrect requests to the borrowing library.
    keywords: elements; errors; requests
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        item: #2799 of 5668
          id: crl-14425
      author: Metz, Paul; Litchfield, Charles A.
       title: Measuring Collections Use at Virginia Tech
        date: 1988-11-01
       words: 7581
      flesch: 57
     summary: Comparisons between the data on in-library use and circulation use in table 3 support the same conclusion Metz reached in 1983. Together with the data in table 5, these correlations suggest that a single measure of circulation use drawn at any normal time in a given school year may provide an academic li- brary with measures on which it can rely for a considerable period of time.
    keywords: circulation; current; data; library; materials; periodicals; use
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        item: #2800 of 5668
          id: crl-14426
      author: Jax, John J.; Houlson, Van C.
       title: A Current-Awareness Service for Faculty and Staff: The Stout Experience
        date: 1988-11-01
       words: 4635
      flesch: 55
     summary: SDI profiles were ex- plained and useful databases were se- lected. Of the re- quests from database citations, periodical A Current-Awareness Service for Faculty and Staff 517 TABLE 1 SUMMARY STATISTICS lnd~stry Education Home &Human Liberal Technology Economics Services Studies Others Total Number of participants 9 8 4 4 6 31 ROUTED Database citations 4,358 2,963 1,845 1,406 1,722 12,294 Table of contents 410 318 116 107 215 1,166 REQUESTED Database citations 630 783 271 343 206 2,233 Table of contents 199 398 72 78 159 906 Total 829 1,181 343 421 365 3,139 DOCUMENTS DELIVERED UW-Stout Library 456 709 209 201 257 1,832 Interlibrary Loan 339 418 120
    keywords: current; faculty; participants; sdi; service
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        item: #2801 of 5668
          id: crl-14427
      author: Van Pulis, Noelle; Ludy, Lorene E.
       title: Subject Searching in an Online Catalog with Authority Control
        date: 1988-11-01
       words: 5858
      flesch: 64
     summary: User-reported success rates for subject searches ranged from 70 to 75 percent. FIGURE4 Characteristics of Users Performing Subject Searches many participants were frequent users of LCS and most had experience using it for subject searches.
    keywords: catalog; lcs; online; percent; search; subject
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        item: #2802 of 5668
          id: crl-14428
      author: Getz, Malcolm
       title: More Benefits of Automation
        date: 1988-11-01
       words: 5411
      flesch: 71
     summary: MC : marginal cost, primarily in user time, of additional units of search . The area of the trapezoid under MB from Q 0 to Q' : the value of the increased search performed as a consequence of the fall in cost (user time) to complete a search given automation . FIGURE2 Marginal Benefits and Costs of Search library staff members who must find out why users can not find the items they seek.
    keywords: catalog; percent; users
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        item: #2803 of 5668
          id: crl-14429
      author: Miller, Marian I.; Bratton, Barry D.
       title: Instructional Design: Increasing the Effectiveness of Bibliographic Instruction
        date: 1988-11-01
       words: 2231
      flesch: 56
     summary: College and Research Libraries Instructional Design: Increasing the Effectiveness of Bibliographic Instruction Marian I. Miller and Barry D. Bratton Public service librarians frequently offer library instruction to academic library users. To be effective, library instruction must be pre- pared conscientiously, with a detailed consideration of the audience.
    keywords: d d; instruction; library
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        item: #2804 of 5668
          id: crl-14430
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1988-11-01
       words: 1204
      flesch: 58
     summary: Friends of College Libraries. Periodicals in College Libraries.
    keywords: college; libraries; research
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        item: #2805 of 5668
          id: crl-14431
      author: Schenck, William
       title: Australians: A Guide to Sources (Book Review)
        date: 1988-11-01
       words: 456
      flesch: 60
     summary: Major subjects covered are: re- sources for Australian studies, general ref- erence works and statistics, environment, aborigines, general history, European dis- covery and colonization, politics, the economy, society, and culture. This volume is most useful for those needing a general survey of a particular aspect of Australian society and/or a list of major works on the subject for further re- search or for information about aspects of Australian life and culture (religion, sport and leisure, telecommunications, for ex- ample) not readily ayailable in other sources.
    keywords: australian
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        item: #2806 of 5668
          id: crl-14434
      author: Holley, Edward G.
       title: ACRL's 50th Anniversary: For Reflection, for Celebration, and for Anticipation
        date: 1989-01-01
       words: 8651
      flesch: 57
     summary: Asian and African Section (AAS) Bilbiographic Instruction Section (BIS) College Libraries Section (CLS) Community and Junior College Libraries Section (CJCLS) Education and Behavioral Sciences Section (EBSS) Law and Political Science Section (LPSS) Rare Books and Manuscripts Section (RBMS) Science and Technology Section (STS) Slavic and East European Section (SEES) Brown had served on the Second Activities Committee and subse- quently was to be ALA president in 1940-41, so he could see that his four years' work on ALA restructuring was neither neglected. nor hindered by head- quarters.
    keywords: academic; acrl; ala; association; college; libraries; library; research; section; university; years
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        item: #2807 of 5668
          id: crl-14435
      author: Moran, Barbara B.
       title: The Unintended Revolution in Academic Libraries: 1939 to 1989 and Beyond
        date: 1989-01-01
       words: 11665
      flesch: 57
     summary: Academic libraries have evolved from relatively small, self-sufficient insti- tutions to large, multifaceted organiza- tions electronically interconnected and linked in ways not yet envisioned fifty years ago. The following account focuses largely on the changes in librarianship but also ex- amines some of the similarities that indi- cate, perhaps better than anything else, both the strengths of academic libraries and the weaknesses where improvement and progress still need to be made.
    keywords: academic; academic libraries; college; education; future; higher; libraries; library; new; technology; years
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        item: #2808 of 5668
          id: crl-14436
      author: Metz, Paul
       title: A Statistical Profile of "College & Research Libraries"
        date: 1989-01-01
       words: 3197
      flesch: 58
     summary: Although the number of references in C&RL articles has grown, there has been no significant change in the rate of self- citing, another bibliometric dimension Cline explored. Cline found that the references cited by the authors of C&RL' s articles had consist- ently been drawn from the literature of li- brary science and had come dispropor- tionately from recent publications.
    keywords: articles; c&rl; cline; research
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        item: #2809 of 5668
          id: crl-14437
      author: Rider, Fremont
       title: The Future of the Research Library
        date: 1989-01-01
       words: 4858
      flesch: 71
     summary: But book purchase cost, we must always remember, is only the first of four categories of book cost. The point we are getting at here is this: the Church Catalog had, by micro- reduction, been greatly reduced in pur- chase cost, had been reduced in fact to about one twenty-fifth of its established auction price in book form.
    keywords: catalog; cataloging; cost; library; micro
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        item: #2810 of 5668
          id: crl-14438
      author: Morris, Dilys E.
       title: Electronic Information and Technology: Impact and Potential for Academic Libraries
        date: 1989-01-01
       words: 5598
      flesch: 49
     summary: Equitable ac- cess through library information systems is threatened, however, by government policies that seek to restrict the availability of this information and by the fears of the private sector that availability through the Depository Library System (without proper safeguards) encroaches upon its ability to compete in the open market. CHANGING SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATIONS Most libraries are marginally involved in the use of electronic information through online database searching and the newer CD-ROM databases.
    keywords: access; electronic; information; libraries; library; research; technology
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        item: #2811 of 5668
          id: crl-14440
      author: Frederick, Janet
       title: The Birth of a Network: The Brazilian Struggle
        date: 1989-01-01
       words: 4232
      flesch: 55
     summary: Never- theless, work is progressing toward the development of a framework for an online network for Brazilian libraries, as the fol- lowing brief history and discussion of · plans will show. College and Research Libraries The Birth of a Network: The Brazilian Struggle Janet Frederick A national plan for university libraries in Brazil recommends a center for cooperative catalog- ing, a standard format for computerized cataloging, and development of an online network of libraries.
    keywords: brazil; cataloging; libraries; library; network; university
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        item: #2812 of 5668
          id: crl-14443
      author: Martell, Charles
       title: The Future of the Research Library by Fremont Rider: A Reprint of a C&RL Classic
        date: 1989-01-01
       words: 217
      flesch: 58
     summary: His subsequent book-length elaboration of these data, which also included a plan for the control of growth, has served since that time as the point of departure for any discussion of collection size, growth, and the many implications of these. College and Research Libraries 50th Anniversary Feature- 'The Future of the Research Library' by Fremont Rider: A Reprint of a C&RL Classic As early as 1940, Fremont C. Rider pre- dicted unprecedented growth for Ameri- can university libraries, based on a nation- wide survey of collection data.
    keywords: research
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        item: #2813 of 5668
          id: crl-14444
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1989-01-01
       words: 3776
      flesch: 61
     summary: Second, if librarians are forced to write articles without adequate time for research and reflection, the quality of library literature will deteriorate. First, on what basis did they select the sample of librarians?
    keywords: faculty; librarians; pais; time; work
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        item: #2814 of 5668
          id: crl-14445
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1989-01-01
       words: 1864
      flesch: 82
     summary: V.1, 2, 3. Ed. by AlbertRabil, Jr. Phila- delphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Pr., 1988. Carbondale: Southern Illinois Univ. Pr., 1988.
    keywords: isbn; new
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        item: #2815 of 5668
          id: crl-14446
      author: Kaser, David
       title: Guest Editorial: The Early Editors
        date: 1989-03-01
       words: 1622
      flesch: 61
     summary: I spent 16 years in an academic library where I experienced firsthand the complex- ities of serials management, the challenges of collection development and the great demands placed on academic librarians. But I'm also available to help with the more sophisti- cated, non-routine needs you might have- like customized budget analysis reports, collection development reports, training seminars, reviews of services provided and of others available through EBSCO ...
    keywords: journal; libraries; research
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        item: #2816 of 5668
          id: crl-14447
      author: McClure, Charles R.; Bishop, Ann
       title: The Status of Research in Library/Information Science: Guarded Optimism
        date: 1989-03-01
       words: 10010
      flesch: 51
     summary: Image and perceived importance of re- search can be improved by all the recom- mendations listed in this section, but spe- cific recommendations include: • encourage the directors of large aca- demic libraries and the deans of schools of LIS to examine the infrastructure cur- rently supporting LIS research and de- velop strategies for enhancing that in- frastructure • allocate a small percentage of the library budget specifically to support research projects within the library • increase the visibility of successful and 140 College & Research Libraries important LIS research, perhaps by or- chestrating a series of regional meetings or workshops that culminate in a na- tional conference • establish and fund 'centers of excel- lence' for research in leading schools of LIS to bring together a critical mass of researchers to concentrate on a particu- lar area of research • establish a national commission of LIS researchers and practitioners to articu- late the importance, role, and impact of research in LIS (not to be confused with establishing a national agenda for re- search) • create peer-reviewed awards; honors, and other reward structures to recog- nize high-quality and important re- search in LIS • establish within libraries and other ap- propriate organizations an Office for Research and Development' to focus available resources on specific research problems As yet, LIS has not moved much beyond Pierce Butler's assessment of the field as a practice-based vocation. Quality of Research The assessments of the overall quality of LIS research since 1980 were almost evenly distributed among poor, satis- factory, and good.
    keywords: information; information science; library; lis; profession; quality; research; researchers; science; status
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        item: #2817 of 5668
          id: crl-14450
      author: Clapp, Verner W.; Jordan, Robert T.
       title: Quantitative Criteria for Adequacy of Academic Library Collections
        date: 1989-03-01
       words: 6057
      flesch: 63
     summary: 'The adequacy of the college library's collections cannot be measured in quanti- tative terms, asserts a well-known text- book in the field of college library adminis- tration. The development of such support would be an important step to- ward the improvement of the standards for junior college libraries.
    keywords: collection; college; column; libraries; library; table
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        item: #2818 of 5668
          id: crl-14451
      author: Cooper, Marianne; Kaufmann, Shoshana
       title: Librarians and Library Educators in the 1980s: Shared Interests, Cooperative Ventures
        date: 1989-03-01
       words: 7623
      flesch: 49
     summary: A project was undertaken to examine the extent of shared interests and cooperative endeavors between library schools and their host academic libraries and to determine the state of relations between the two units on academic campuses. Addi- tional viewpoints were obtained from library school librarians and/or library sci- ence bibliographers.
    keywords: directors; faculty; institutions; libraries; library; new; schools; units
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        item: #2819 of 5668
          id: crl-14452
      author: Whitlatch, Jo Bell
       title: Unobtrusive Studies and the Quality of Academic Library Reference Services
        date: 1989-03-01
       words: 7619
      flesch: 52
     summary: 17 Also, in response to a reviewer's query as to whether the degree of diffi- culty should be used to judge the quality of reference service, Hernon and McClure state that 'factual and bibliographic ques- tions are generally recognized as two of the easier types of reference questions.' 9 Therefore if we are really interested in measuring the performance of reference desk service we must ask how well a test represents the main body of reference questions.
    keywords: factual; queries; questions; reference; service; studies; unobtrusive
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        item: #2820 of 5668
          id: crl-14453
      author: Donegan, Patricia Morris; Domas, Ralph E.; Deosdade, John R.
       title: The Comparable Effects of Term Paper Counseling and Group Instruction Sessions
        date: 1989-03-01
       words: 5496
      flesch: 58
     summary: Deosdade One hundred fifty-six community college students enrolled in an introductory management course participated in a bibliographic instruction experiment to determine whether individual- ized term paper counseling sessions conveyed information for immediate recall better than group instruction sessions. This heterogeneity implies that, to achieve maximum learning effectiveness, librari- ans should consider using primarily indi- vidualized instruction methods rather than group instruction.
    keywords: instruction; library; paper; student; term; test; topic
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        item: #2821 of 5668
          id: crl-14454
      author: Gwinn, Nancy E.
       title: The Smithsonian Institution Libraries: Afoot in Three Camps
        date: 1989-03-01
       words: 5222
      flesch: 53
     summary: One observer has described the In- stitution's organizational development in this way: One of the results of the Smithsonian's pench- ant to take on new jobs, to take up new lines of research, or to reactivate old ones has been a breakdown to some degree in its compartments Smithsonian Institution Libraries 209 of organization. Smithsonian Institution Libraries 211 To get back to one of the original ques- tions, curatorial or other research staff de- mands on the libraries are not that much different from what university faculty de- mand.
    keywords: collections; institution; libraries; library; museum; sil; smithsonian
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        item: #2822 of 5668
          id: crl-14456
      author: Richardson, John
       title: Toward an Expert System for Reference Service: A Research Agenda for the 1990s
        date: 1989-03-01
       words: 11103
      flesch: 59
     summary: JUSTIFICATION Hypotheses of justification for work on expert systems posited until now address the economic or technological reasons for proceeding with the development of par- ticular systems.7 An expert system in ref- erence is desirable primarily because it can preserve the corporate memory within reference departments and can increase the individual's success in answering questions. Few individuals outside univer- sity laboratories and AI-specific compan- ies are able to create expert systems from scratch, and thus vendors offer develop- ment tools, variously known as shells, in- ference engines, framework, and struc- tures, that allow users to test the waters without investing hundreds of thousands of dollars in custom development.
    keywords: base; expert; expert system; information; knowledge; library; questions; reference; research; rules; sources; system; user; work
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        item: #2823 of 5668
          id: crl-14457
      author: Tiefel, Virginia
       title: Evaluating a Library User Education Program: A Decade of Experience
        date: 1989-03-01
       words: 6249
      flesch: 63
     summary: The nonhonors students' (as a group) mean success score on the pretest was 68.7% and 76% on the posttest, with a difference of +7.3%. Question 1, which covered the term 'search strategy,' revealed an increase of 5.9% (from51.8% to57.7%) in the number of correct answers by students (see figure 1).
    keywords: catalog; evaluation; instruction; libraries; library; program; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14457.pdf
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        item: #2824 of 5668
          id: crl-14459
      author: Sheldon, Brooke E.
       title: Leadership for Research Libraries: A Festschrift for Robert M. Hayes (Book Review)
        date: 1989-03-01
       words: 1812
      flesch: 61
     summary: While Cottam presents a model for would-be entrepreneurs and risk takers, the chapters by June Lester and James Wil- liams specifically discuss the roles of li- brary schools and library organizations in leadership development. Beyond the galaxy of admirers of Robert M. Hayes, educators and others inter- ested in leadership development for the profession will find this festschrift rewarding.-Brooke
    keywords: leadership; library; research
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        item: #2825 of 5668
          id: crl-14460
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1989-03-01
       words: 1433
      flesch: 77
     summary: The festschrift also includes a detailed bibliographic essay on leadership (Charles Lowry) and review of several organiza- tions, such as CLR, ARL, OCLC, RLG, LC, etc., and their role in leadership and policy development affecting academic li- braries and librarians (Dorothy Gregor). While Cottam presents a model for would-be entrepreneurs and risk takers, the chapters by June Lester and James Wil- liams specifically discuss the roles of li- brary schools and library organizations in leadership development.
    keywords: isbn
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        item: #2826 of 5668
          id: crl-14462
      author: Osburn, Charles B.
       title: The Structuring of the Scholarly Communication System
        date: 1989-05-01
       words: 6513
      flesch: 46
     summary: The terms scholarly communication and system have not always been used to- gether; moreover, the former phrase is of relatively recent coinage. But because of the syner- gistic nature of systems, the sum of all the information about each component does not present a holistic picture of the inte- gral system of scholarly communication.
    keywords: communication system; library; principles; scholarly communication; scholarship; science
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        item: #2827 of 5668
          id: crl-14463
      author: Estabrook, Leigh
       title: The Growth of the Profession
        date: 1989-05-01
       words: 6386
      flesch: 48
     summary: As the con- duct of academic library work is changed by environmental conditions and new technologies, so, too, is the work within schools of library and information science. Service to higher-status clients is as- sociated with higher professional status.
    keywords: academic; growth; librarians; library; profession; research; work
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        item: #2828 of 5668
          id: crl-14466
      author: McAnally, Arthur Monroe; Downs, Robert B.
       title: The Changing Role of Directors of University Libraries
        date: 1989-05-01
       words: 14370
      flesch: 59
     summary: 16 So long as financial support of the uni- versity and its library grew steadily year after year, university libraries could hope at least to keep their heads above water. Microtext has been adopted readily by university libraries, though it should be noted that government agencies do not al- low the counting of materials in microtext in basic reports on resources.
    keywords: academic; director; faculty; libraries; library; management; new; president; problems; research; staff; university; university library; years
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        item: #2829 of 5668
          id: crl-14467
      author: Schwartz, Charles A.
       title: Book Selection, Collection Development, and Bounded Rationality
        date: 1989-05-01
       words: 10596
      flesch: 54
     summary: A model of how librarians may actually go about book selection is presented in three ways: bounded rationality, tacit knowledge, and symbolic content. Those who want to understand book selection in behavioral terms face what seems to be an unsolvable problem: that 'selection is always a private, cognitive activity that does not submit to precise observations or delineation.
    keywords: book; book selection; choice; collection; decision; garbage; knowledge; library; model; new; process; rationality; research; selection
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        item: #2830 of 5668
          id: crl-14468
      author: Harloe, Bart
       title: Achieving Client-Centered Collection Development in Small and Medium-Sized Academic Libraries
        date: 1989-05-01
       words: 5579
      flesch: 47
     summary: The presence of a collection develop- ment organization, e.g., faculty liaison5 In addition to these generic organiza- tional prerequisites, a client-centered ap- proach to collection development in small and medium-sized academic libraries should include the following elements: 1. Collection Development for Instruction-In most small and medium- sized academic libraries the collection pri- marily supports instruction; therefore, it is very important that the collection pro- cess be curriculum-centered. [An effective automation program and an efficient approval plan are important be- cause they can free library staff for collec- tion development liaison work, the central element in a shared authority approach to collection development.] 11
    keywords: academic; collection; development; faculty; libraries; library
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        item: #2831 of 5668
          id: crl-14469
      author: Bailey, Janet D.
       title: New Journal Decision Making
        date: 1989-05-01
       words: 4305
      flesch: 57
     summary: In addition, the publishing staff corresponded with many individuals with ideas for new journals. Because the com- pany's imprint appears on its journals, it will try to ensure that new journals will be of the highest quality.
    keywords: journal; new; publishers; publishing; research
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        item: #2832 of 5668
          id: crl-14470
      author: Morris, James M.
       title: Pure Lives (Book Review)
        date: 1989-05-01
       words: 2439
      flesch: 68
     summary: Is it finally the duty of the biographer to give us accidents (the mi- nute details of private life, in Dr. Joh~-- / son's words) or substance-or the two in clarified, or at least clarifying, juxtaposi- tion? Whittemore promises in his first paragraph to focus on five collections of early biography: Plu- tarch's Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, Aelfric' s Lives of the Saints, Vasari' s Lives of the Artists, Holinshed' s Chronicles, and Johnson's Lives of the Poets.
    keywords: books; life; print; whittemore
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        item: #2833 of 5668
          id: crl-14471
      author: Immler, Frank
       title: Literary Reviewing (Book Review)
        date: 1989-05-01
       words: 1989
      flesch: 63
     summary: Browse by SuDoc Number, Technical Report Number, Stock Number, Item Number, OCLC Number, Monthly Catalog Entry Number. For example, Altick's essay accuses 'the library press' of encouraging shoddy bibliographies, questions the reliability of reviews in pro- fessional library periodicals, and asserts that librarians seldom keep themselves in- formed of scholarship outside their own profession and even less frequently per- mit their professional judgments to be in- fluenced by such scholarship as they do read-all in an essay which calls for in- creased cooperation between librarians and literary scholars.
    keywords: libraries; library; literary; reviewing
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        item: #2834 of 5668
          id: crl-14472
      author: Howell, John Bruce
       title: African Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1989-05-01
       words: 2134
      flesch: 75
     summary: This particular part provides a digest of the most important develop- ments about African libraries for this pe- riod. The contents contain a number of sta- tistics and dates followed by type of li- braries, their names, locations, and in some cases, volumes held, but the intent seems to be the creation of a directory of African libraries.
    keywords: isbn; libraries; library
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        item: #2835 of 5668
          id: crl-14473
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1989-05-01
       words: 428
      flesch: 70
     summary: College and Research Libraries Letters To the Editor: I wish to offer comment on Malcom Getz' s article, More Benefits of Automation, ap- pearing in the November 1988 issue of College & Research Libraries. _,., Only the 8/0S/S Perspectives Series gives you a complete perspective on AIDS or Sports Medicine!
    keywords: series
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        item: #2836 of 5668
          id: crl-14475
      author: Johnson, Richard D.
       title: Guest Editorial: Hello Caledonia!
        date: 1989-07-01
       words: 1501
      flesch: 65
     summary: Basic and Applied • Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology With PsycBOOKS, you will find an abundance of book and chapter infor- mation, including: Introducing • Professional Psychology: Disorders and Treatment • Edited books: Bibliographic citation, List of chapters & their authors and Short Statement about content PsycBOOKS • Educational Psychology and Health Psychology •Chapters: Reference to edited book in which published and Short statement about content ' • Single-author books: Bibliographic citation, Table of Contents and Short statement about content With information on book chapters so difficult to find, you can't afford to miss out on this innovative and exten- sive reference work.
    keywords: libraries; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14475.pdf
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        item: #2837 of 5668
          id: crl-14476
      author: Buckland, Michael K.
       title: Foundations of Academic Librarianship
        date: 1989-07-01
       words: 4626
      flesch: 55
     summary: Library resources in electronic form indicate radical changes in the means of library service. Computer-based information processing of library materials by users adds a new dimension to library service and to the role of librarians.
    keywords: academic; librarianship; libraries; library; means; service
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        item: #2838 of 5668
          id: crl-14477
      author: Martin, Susan K.
       title: Information Technology and Libraries: Toward the Year 2000
        date: 1989-07-01
       words: 5904
      flesch: 63
     summary: Otherwise, library users will spend those same dollars elsewhere, getting the same products but from a dif- ferent source. Among the trends are: more focus on user needs, with users accessing electronic information directly; an increasing tendency for information users to bypas~ the library; the obsolescence of first- and second-generation systems; a contention between optical products and online access; and a fo- cus in the United States on formulation of major information policies.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; systems; technologies; technology; users
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        item: #2839 of 5668
          id: crl-14478
      author: Lancaster, F. Wilfrid
       title: Whither Libraries? or, Wither Libraries: A Reprint of a C&RL Classic
        date: 1989-07-01
       words: 9252
      flesch: 58
     summary: minal in many different ways: to receive text, to transmit text, to compose text, to search for text, to seek the answers to fac- tual questions, to build information files, and to converse with colleagues. In brief, the scien- tist (or, indeed, other professional) will use some form of on-line terminal to com- pose text, transmit text, receive text, con- duct searches for data or for text relevant to a particular research problem, and build personal information files.
    keywords: data; electronic; information; libraries; literature; paper; research; science
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14478.pdf
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        item: #2840 of 5668
          id: crl-14479
      author: Schrader, Alvin M.; Herring, Margaret; De Scossa, Catriona
       title: The Censorship Phenomenon in College and Research Libraries: An Investigation of the Canadian Prairie Provinces, 1980-1985
        date: 1989-07-01
       words: 5918
      flesch: 55
     summary: Of these 29 respondents with a written selection policy, only 7 reported that the policy provided a standard written proce- dure to be followed in the event of re- quests for removal, relocation, or reclassi- fication of library materials. Three of ten respondents reported receiv- ing a request to remove, relocate, or re- classify some kind of library material.
    keywords: censorship; complainant; libraries; library; material; policy
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        item: #2841 of 5668
          id: crl-14482
      author: Trinkaus-Randall, Gregor
       title: Preserving Special Collections Through Internal Security
        date: 1989-07-01
       words: 4378
      flesch: 61
     summary: Making manuscript collections available for research exposes them to the possibil- ity of being mishandled, tom, put out of order, disfigured or stolen. Only pencils, notepaper or index cards, typewriters (as long as they do not bother other researchers), cameras, per- sonal computers (without printers) and other material germane to the research as determined by the archivist should be al- lowed in the reading room.
    keywords: collections; manuscripts; materials; research; staff
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        item: #2842 of 5668
          id: crl-14483
      author: Woodard, Beth S.
       title: The Effectiveness of an Information Desk Staffed by Graduate Students and Nonprofessionals
        date: 1989-07-01
       words: 8100
      flesch: 52
     summary: CONCLUSIONS One of the most important conclusions to be drawn from this study is that gradu- ate students and nonprofessionals staff- ing an information desk can be 70.7% ef- fective in answering certain kinds of reference questions with proper training. Laura M. Boyer and William C. Theimer, Jr., quote a Canadian library administrator as saying that 85% of reference questions can be answered by nonprofessional staff in The Use and Training of Nonprofessional Personnel at Reference Desks in Selected College and University Libraries,' Col- lege & Research Libraries, 36:193 (May 1975); and Jeffry W. St. Clair and Rao Aluri, in Staffing the Reference Desk: Professionals or Nonprofessionals, Journal of Academic Librarianship 3:149-53 Ouly 1977), analyzed questions asked at a reference desk and found that 62.1% were directional or instructional, and an additional17.
    keywords: desk; information; information desk; library; questions; reference; referrals; staff
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        item: #2843 of 5668
          id: crl-14484
      author: Christensen, John O.; Benson, Larry D.; Butler, H. Julene; Hall, Blaine H.; Howard, Don H.
       title: An Evaluation of Reference Desk Service
        date: 1989-07-01
       words: 7749
      flesch: 52
     summary: 7 The study focused on determining the accu- racy of information patrons received, the level of skill student reference assistants used in negotiating patron needs, the abil- ity of student reference assistants to refer patrons to professional librarians, and the degree of satisfaction patrons felt about the service they had received. QUALITY OF REFERENCE SERVICE Because the quality of the reference ser- vice performed at the reference desks by the student reference assistants was the prime focus of the evaluation, the study attempted to obtain pertinent information about this service from patrons, patron proxies, paraprofessional department as- sistants, professional subject specialists, and student reference assistants them- selves.
    keywords: assistants; desk; reference; reference assistants; service; student reference; subject
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        item: #2844 of 5668
          id: crl-14485
      author: Hoffmann, Ellen
       title: Libraries and the Search for Academic Excellence (Book Review)
        date: 1989-07-01
       words: 1199
      flesch: 55
     summary: Most of the cur- rent cycle of educational reform reports beginning with A Nation at Risk have ig- nored libraries even though the Informa- tion Age permeates the reports and ' aca- Undergraduate education is the focus of the reports and of the symposium, which sought to provide a catalyst for libraries to be more active partners in the educa- tional arenas both at the campus and the national levels.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #2845 of 5668
          id: crl-14486
      author: Haka, Clifford H.
       title: If You Want to Evaluate Your Library. . . (Book Review)
        date: 1989-07-01
       words: 1370
      flesch: 56
     summary: The overwhelming focus is on collection development and public ser- vices, to the virtual exclusion of technical services, and on issues that relate primar- ily to academic research libraries. Unrelenting pressure on library budgets is forcing administrators to look not only at those programs that can be reduced or eliminated, but also at the efficiency and effectiveness of mainline services.
    keywords: library; manuscripts
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14486.pdf
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        item: #2846 of 5668
          id: crl-14488
      author: Brooks, Connie
       title: Preservation Microfilming (Book Review)
        date: 1989-07-01
       words: 1400
      flesch: 64
     summary: Different authors wrote the first drafts of the chapters; these cover all phases of preservation microfilming, from the selection of materials for micro- filming to the bibliographic control of mi- croforms. The afterword points out the need for preservation microfilming to be given the same attention as other criti- cal library or archival functions.
    keywords: microfilming; preservation
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14488.pdf
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        item: #2847 of 5668
          id: crl-14489
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1989-07-01
       words: 1252
      flesch: 54
     summary: In the second graph (figure 2), the vertical axis depicts the costs of cataloging staff (i.e., salary and benefits, which are of course a function of cataloging staff time), while the horizontal axis depicts useful and sought access points. Harris' findings are interesting, and I wish to call your attention in particular to his discoveries concerning changes in LC cataloging copy between 1956 and 1981: the length of LC cataloging copy, in number of characters, increased 24.5 percent; the number of entries grew 130.2 percent; the number of fields essentially doubled; and the number of subject heading subdivisions increased 156.2 percent.
    keywords: access; cataloging
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14489.pdf
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        item: #2848 of 5668
          id: crl-14491
      author: Schmidt, C. James
       title: Guest Editorial
        date: 1989-09-01
       words: 781
      flesch: 61
     summary: C. JAMES SCHMIDT 505 Where to fil)d special collections and rare books in 6,000 subject areas ... Special Collections in College and University Libraries Compiled by Modoc Press, The introduction is by Leona Rostenberg and Madeleine Stern, who share more than 40 years' experience with rare books and special collections.
    keywords: collections; libraries
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        item: #2849 of 5668
          id: crl-14493
      author: Drake, Miriam A.
       title: Management of Information
        date: 1989-09-01
       words: 6759
      flesch: 58
     summary: In others, the library is con- sidered a book depository and not an ac- tive partner in information services. During the next fifty years, we will learn how to provide information services that change the lives and contribute to the success of our students and faculties.
    keywords: data; information; libraries; library; management; services; students; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14493.pdf
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        item: #2850 of 5668
          id: crl-14495
      author: Naismith, Rachael; Stein, Joan
       title: Library Jargon: Student Comprehension of Technical Language Used by Librarians
        date: 1989-09-01
       words: 5519
      flesch: 62
     summary: While many of these are standard library terms, others are a reflection of the specific environment at Carnegie Mellon University Libraries. Given the results of this testing which show that patrons misunderstand library terms approximately half of the time, the researchers offer librarians a continuum of solutions.
    keywords: jargon; library; reference; subjects; technical; terms
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        item: #2851 of 5668
          id: crl-14498
      author: Chrzastowski, Tina; Cobb, David; Davis, Nancy; Kruger, Jean; Betsy, Nancy
       title: Library Collection Deterioration: A Study at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Research Note)
        date: 1989-09-01
       words: 4145
      flesch: 63
     summary: Good Moderate Poor 29.4% 33.6% 37.0% 32.8% 40.8% 26.5% (113) (129) (142) (131) (163) (106) 32.0% 31.0% 37.0% 33.3% 40.3% 26 .5% (123) (119) (142) (133) (161) (106) 70.8% 24.5% 4.7% 70.8% 25.5% 3.8% (272) (94) (18) (283) (102) (15) 49 .7% 41 .9% 8.3% 56.3% 36.3% 7.5% (191) (161) (32) (225) (145) (30) 0 In order for valid statistical comparisons to be drawn, it is recommended that other institutions conduct condition surveys utilizing the methodology reported here.
    keywords: condition; library; paper; survey; university
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        item: #2852 of 5668
          id: crl-14499
      author: Klingberg, Susan
       title: Book Review Essay: Against All Odds - The Status of Women in Higher Education
        date: 1989-09-01
       words: 4889
      flesch: 60
     summary: It also focuses primarily on women faculty, while MisEducation dis- cusses the status of women students and staff as well. The sala- ries of women faculty have lagged behind those of men for many years.
    keywords: academic; campus; education; faculty; library; students; women
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        item: #2853 of 5668
          id: crl-14501
      author: Hoover, John Neal
       title: Special Collections in College and University Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1989-09-01
       words: 1392
      flesch: 62
     summary: All of these 'public' collections along with academic library collections form a stronger framework on which truly de- tailed, thorough scholarship necessarily depends. The sheer size of the book world must be seriously reckoned with-it is arbitrary to consider simply col- lege and university libraries without tak- ing into account independent research li- braries such as the Newberry or the Huntington, museum library collections, natural history, technology, art, or early American historical society collections, great and humble.
    keywords: collections; library
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        item: #2854 of 5668
          id: crl-14502
      author: Austin, David L.
       title: The Architecture Library of the Future: Complexity and Contradiction (Book Review)
        date: 1989-09-01
       words: 1971
      flesch: 74
     summary: Perhaps a closer look at the interdisciplinary divisional li- brary should be considered for those insti- tutions not already tied to a modeL-David L. Austin, University Library, The University of Illinois at Chicago. BAIRRM is the only publication that provides you with com- prehensive coverage of life science symposia papers, unique in- ternational meeting abstracts, review publications, bibliographies, research communications, books, book chapters and U.S. patents.
    keywords: information; isbn; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14502.pdf
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        item: #2855 of 5668
          id: crl-14503
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1989-09-01
       words: 1710
      flesch: 84
     summary: Basic and Applied • Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology With PsycBOOKS, you will find an abundance of book and chapter infor- mation, includin~: Introducing • Professional Psychology: Disorders and Treatment • Edited books: Bibliographic citation, List of chapters & their authors and Short Statement about content PsycBOOKS • Educational Psychology and Health Psychology • Chapters: Reference to edited book in which published and Short statement about content ' •Single-author books: Bibliographic citation, Table of Contents and Short statement about content With information on book chapters so difficult to find, you can't afford to miss out on this innovative and exten- sive reference work.
    keywords: isbn; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14503.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14503.txt

        item: #2856 of 5668
          id: crl-14504
      author: Moffett, William A.
       title: Guest Editorial: Talking to Ourselves
        date: 1989-11-01
       words: 1381
      flesch: 68
     summary: The writer goes on to describe in detail the organization of technical services and ob- serves that since most of the work of processing goes on behind the scenes, it attracts little notice from the majority of library users who concentrate their attention 'on the per- son at the desk. Dennis Carrigan, summarizing the po- litical economy' of academic librarians in an article published here in July 1988, reminded us that the administrators who control the institutional resources upon which the library depends are traditionally not major consumers of library services and can't be counted on to understand those services or to assess competently their quality or their importance.
    keywords: library; research
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        item: #2857 of 5668
          id: crl-14505
      author: Hisle, W. Lee
       title: Learning Resource Services in the Community College: On the Road to the Emerald City
        date: 1989-11-01
       words: 8150
      flesch: 56
     summary: 42 The 1972 Guidelines had consid- erably more influence on community col- lege operations than earlier efforts and are in large part responsible for the success of community college LRS programs devel- oped since their publication. Her research and insight are by and large applicable to the library aspect of community college LRS programs.
    keywords: college; community; community college; learning; libraries; library; lrs; new; programs
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        item: #2858 of 5668
          id: crl-14506
      author: Gorman, Michael
       title: Yesterday's Heresy - Today's Orthodoxy: An Essay on the Changing Face of Descriptive Cataloging
        date: 1989-11-01
       words: 5826
      flesch: 64
     summary: Seeing that the ambiguity of the Paris Prin- ciples had made it possible for national and international catalog4tg codes to remain far apart on a vital conceptual question, the IFLA Committee on Cataloguing en- couraged Eva Verona to do a study of cor- porate headings (published in 1975 as Cor- porate Headings: Their Use in Library Catalogues and National Bibliographies: A Comparative and Critical Study) which es- poused the Continental European idea that there is no such thing as a corporate author, though the limited use of corporate main entry headings in author catalogs may be justified. For the first time since Panizzi, a major English language catalog- ing code abandoned the idea of corporate authorship and limited the application of corporate main entry to five (later six, see AACR2R, 1988) narrowly defined catego- ries of works that (in the careful, if slightly otherworldly, term used in the code)
    keywords: american; author; cataloging; corporate; entry; library; main
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        item: #2859 of 5668
          id: crl-14508
      author: Wiberley, Stephen E.; Jones, William G.
       title: Patterns of Information Seeking in the Humanities
        date: 1989-11-01
       words: 5184
      flesch: 53
     summary: The fellows relied more heavily on for- November 1989 mal bibliography and librarians for access to primary sources than they did for access to secondary sources. Regarding primary sources (those that embody the topic under study), while two fellows concentrated on visual images and seven gathered evi- dence by talking with people, all read written primary sources.
    keywords: fellows; information; research; sources; use
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        item: #2860 of 5668
          id: crl-14509
      author: Cloonan, Michèle Valerie; Norcott, Patricia C.
       title: Evolution of Preservation Librarianship as Reflected in Job Descriptions from 1975 through 1987
        date: 1989-11-01
       words: 5910
      flesch: 48
     summary: Addition- ally, we hoped that the data would help us draw conclusions about the ways in which preservation positions were situated in various organizational structures. Although the ads clearly reflected an increase in the number of preservation positions during the period under study, there was little consensus as to what duties this position entailed or even what title the position should have.
    keywords: ads; libraries; library; positions; preservation; university
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        item: #2861 of 5668
          id: crl-14510
      author: Allen, Nessy
       title: University Archives: The Australian Scene
        date: 1989-11-01
       words: 4517
      flesch: 61
     summary: The place- ment of university archives up to 1985 tended to confirm this observation. Formal university archives were started there in the 1960s, when some of the older universities appointed profes- sional archivists.
    keywords: archives; australian; library; universities; university
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        item: #2862 of 5668
          id: crl-14514
      author: Rice, Patricia Ohl
       title: Librarians in Search of Science and Identity: The Elusive Profession (Book Review)
        date: 1989-11-01
       words: 1220
      flesch: 52
     summary: In an essay published shortly after his death, Jesse H. Shera wrote: Twenty years ago, I thought of what is now called information science as providing the intel- lectual and theoretical foundations of li- brarianship, but I am now convinced that I was wrong Li- brarians in Search of Science and Identity is Bennett's attempt to discover why librari- anship was drawn to information science in the first place, and then why Shera withdrew his support for the conver- gence.
    keywords: information; science
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        item: #2863 of 5668
          id: crl-14515
      author: Savage, Daniel A.
       title: Trustees, Trusteeship, and the Public Good: Issues of Accountability for Hospitals, Museums, Universities, and Libraries. (Book Review)
        date: 1989-11-01
       words: 1312
      flesch: 56
     summary: Writing in an easily readable style, the author cites court cases dealing with the fiduciary responsibilities of trustees in charitable institutions. Most would say trustees.
    keywords: baughman; trustees
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        item: #2864 of 5668
          id: crl-14516
      author: Logsdon, Robert
       title: Are We There Yet? Evaluating Library Collections, Reference Services, Programs, and Personnel (Book Review)
        date: 1989-11-01
       words: 1298
      flesch: 60
     summary: There- fore, a library needs to have a planning model (or process) by which it can focus its direction and make necessary evaluations along the way. College and Research Libraries 706 College & Research Libraries mine the fiduciary obligations of trustees.
    keywords: evaluation; library
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        item: #2865 of 5668
          id: crl-14518
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1989-11-01
       words: 881
      flesch: 40
     summary: Thus, we are pleased that unobtrusive testing has increased profes- sional attention on issues related to the quality of reference service, correct answer fill rates, and techniques for assessing the quality of various aspects of reference services. To the Editor: Recent articles such as those by Whitlatch 1 and Douglas2 have discussed the use and ap- propriateness of unobtrusive testing of reference services.
    keywords: reference
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        item: #2866 of 5668
          id: crl-14519
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1989-11-01
       words: 2081
      flesch: 84
     summary: EXTENT AND NATURE OF CIRCULATION (Average figures denote the average number of copies J'rinted each issue during the ereceding twelve months; Actual figures cfenote actual number of copies of sinlrle issue publiShed nearest to filing date-the July 198~issue.) Total number of copies pnnted: Average, 13,428; Actual, 13,328.
    keywords: isbn; new; york
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        item: #2867 of 5668
          id: crl-14520
      author: Rogers, Sharon J.; Hurt, Charlene S.
       title: Guest Editorial: How Scholarly Communication Should Work in the 21st Century
        date: 1990-01-01
       words: 2210
      flesch: 60
     summary: • Application of a theoretical perspective or method developed in one content area to an- other content area. In just 10 years, the average costs of research journals have increased 160 per cent, and it is likely that trend will continue.
    keywords: new; research; system
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        item: #2868 of 5668
          id: crl-14521
      author: Lowry, Charles B.
       title: Resource Sharing or Cost Shifting? The Unequal Burden of Cooperative Cataloging and ILL in Network
        date: 1990-01-01
       words: 5455
      flesch: 60
     summary: 24 Obviously, unit cost will vary from library to library, but a sample can provide a rela- tively standard method of determining unit costs. He has identi- fied five forms of networking: (1) the unit · cost networks such as OCLC or RUN, with the size and revenue sources to raise .
    keywords: cataloging; cost; ill; lending; libraries; library; oclc
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        item: #2869 of 5668
          id: crl-14523
      author: Lambrecht, Jay H.
       title: Reviving a Retrospective Conversion Project: Strategies to Complete the Task
        date: 1990-01-01
       words: 3753
      flesch: 59
     summary: 4 The same survey showed that 13 percent of respondents were not even considering conversion projects, while the remaining 73 percent 'have recon plans. Simply doing as much conversion as possible may benefit the online catalog, online circulation system, or interlibrary cooperation that conversion projects are intended to advance.
    keywords: catalog; conversion; online; project
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        item: #2870 of 5668
          id: crl-14524
      author: Metz, Paul; Foltin, Bla
       title: A Social History of Madness; Or, Who's Buying this Round? Anticipating and Avoiding Gaps in Collection Development
        date: 1990-01-01
       words: 4138
      flesch: 45
     summary: Areas of applied re- search tend to draw on the more funda- mental understandings of a variety of dis- ciplines, as the Manhattan Project drew on physics, engineering, and other areas. Children's nonfiction is one such area: it would be perfectly plausible for the selector in chil- dren's literature to purchase only litera- ture in the narrow sense (PZ), while selec- January 1990 tors in other areas failed to acquire juvenile-level materials in history, biogra- phy, or science because they assumed that these areas were being covered.
    keywords: areas; collection; development; disciplines; materials; selectors
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        item: #2871 of 5668
          id: crl-14525
      author: Gilardi, Ronald L.
       title: The Representational Rights of Academic Librarians: Their Status as Managerial Employees and/or Supervisors Under the National Labor Relations Act
        date: 1990-01-01
       words: 3590
      flesch: 58
     summary: In almost all cases surveyed it was discovered that the em- ploying college or university, rather than the librarians themselves, was the party advancing the argument that librarians ought to be excluded as either supervisors or managerial employees. In large measure, the Supreme Court's conclusion-that faculty members at Ye- shiva were managerial employees-was premised upon the finding that the faculty members effectively operated the enter- prise.
    keywords: board; librarians; managerial; nlrb
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        item: #2872 of 5668
          id: crl-14526
      author: Devin, Robin B.; Kellogg, Martha
       title: The Serial/Monograph Ratio in Research Libraries: Budgeting in Light of Citation Studies
        date: 1990-01-01
       words: 5555
      flesch: 55
     summary: 4 Statistics show that, indeed, a greater percentage of academic library budgets is now devoted to serials than to mono- graphs. With academic library materials budgets remaining relatively constant (some grow- ing at the rate of inflation, others remain- ing constant, some even decreasing), the TABLE 1
    keywords: budget; libraries; library; literature; monograph; research; serials
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        item: #2873 of 5668
          id: crl-14527
      author: Bayne, Pauline S.
       title: The Do-it-Yourself Move for a 1.5 Million-Volume Library
        date: 1990-01-01
       words: 7384
      flesch: 60
     summary: Once the sixteen team leaders were re- cruited from library staff, they met with the move director over a two-month pe- riod to develop detailed plans including specific move methods, daily work rou- tines (work hours, breaks, etc.), emer- gency supplies and routines, placement of the limited number of telephones in the new building, handling of student time- sheets, daily move logs, and routines for emergency calls to moving staff. Move teams· in the send- ing library loaded book carts and labeled the carts with the LC subdivision, a se- quence number, and floor destination.
    keywords: book; building; collection; library; moving; new; planning; staff; teams
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        item: #2874 of 5668
          id: crl-14530
      author: Eng, Sidney
       title: End-Users of Online Information Systems: An Analysis (Book Review)
        date: 1990-01-01
       words: 1818
      flesch: 52
     summary: The project population eventually included the newspapers, broadcasting media, fi- nancial institutions in the City of London, academic departments in the universities announcing an Intensive Institute: COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT FOR THE ELECTRONIC LIBRARY integrating electronic publishing Into the concepts and practices of collection development April 29 • May 2, 1990 Spomaored by Albert R. Mann Library, Cornell University and The Faxon Institute Institute organizers: Sam Demas & Jan Olsen, Mann Library; Peter Young, Faxon Institute Program: As information technology transforms scholarly communication, collection development librarians are called on to play a crucial role in academic library decision-making on electronic Information. Financing access to electronic Information while building print collections; *Legal and ethical Issues: negotiating equitable access.
    keywords: information; library; online; research
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        item: #2875 of 5668
          id: crl-14531
      author: Ranhand, Jori
       title: Fiction Writers Guidelines: Over 200 Periodicals Editors' Instructions Reproduced (Book Review)
        date: 1990-01-01
       words: 919
      flesch: 65
     summary: The guidelines contained in this selec- tion will give those who would learn how various groups and people with ideologi- cal orientations go about inventing and defining themselves, an unusual per- spective.-Jori Ranhand, New York, New York. -Sidney Eng, Borough of Manhattan Community Col- lege, the City University of New York.
    keywords: fiction; guidelines
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        item: #2876 of 5668
          id: crl-14532
      author: Martell, Charles
       title: Editorial: From the Drawer: To the Wall
        date: 1990-03-01
       words: 1480
      flesch: 59
     summary: User-Friendly WILSONLINE Features Up to 43 different access points to bibliographic records • Nested Boolean logic • Proximity searching • Free text searching • Automatic substitution of preferred form of subject head- ings and personal and corporate names • Controlled vocabulary searching • WILSON LINE Databases • Applied Science & Technology Index • Art Index • Bibliographic Index • Biography Index • Biological & Agricultural Index • Book Review Digest • Business Periodicals Index • Cumulative Book Index • Education Index • Essay and General Literature Index • General Science Index • *GPO Monthly Catalog • Humanities Index • Index to Legal Periodicals •
    keywords: freedom; index; wilson
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14532.pdf
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        item: #2877 of 5668
          id: crl-14533
      author: Rumsey, Eric
       title: The Power of the New Microcomputers: Challenge and Opportunity
        date: 1990-03-01
       words: 2977
      flesch: 62
     summary: Allen Veaner has noted the accelerating growth in microcomputer power and usability: Mysteriousness and inconvenience, once the hallmarks of the computer, have been almost completely eliminated ... computers and soft- ware are gradually giving users greater and greater power to cut through bureaucracy, for- mality, and red tape, to extract what the.)T want from data files and information systems. Jim Wavada, in accord with Veaner, warns us that CD-ROM should be seen as the harbinger of the personal research li- brary, which will make it possible for end users to manage their information in- dependently of the traditional library.
    keywords: information; library; microcomputer; rom
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        item: #2878 of 5668
          id: crl-14534
      author: Irwin, Ned
       title: The Bodleian Library of the University of Oxford
        date: 1990-03-01
       words: 4417
      flesch: 67
     summary: xford is a city of libraries. Because the library is housed in sev- eral buildings, a large staff (with the at- tendant expenses) is required at a time of decreasing government funding to the university and library.
    keywords: bodleian; books; catalog; libraries; library; oxford
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        item: #2879 of 5668
          id: crl-14535
      author: Dewey, Barbara I.
       title: A Practical Methodology for the Study of Job Components and Staffing Needs
        date: 1990-03-01
       words: 3672
      flesch: 46
     summary: Current job activities and levels were examined, and staff were asked to indicate how the activities making up their positions might change over the next three to five years-the time period for the full implementation of OASIS, the automated library system of the University of Iowa Libraries. • ~e Univer.sity ? · • a description of departmental activities and the optimum level at which they should exist, taking into consideration the department's plans for the future, the implementation of OASIS, changes in current practices to achieve greater efficiency and effectiveness, and any other factors that might include altered expectations • a list of activities that will no longer be needed once automation is in place or can be eliminated due to greater effi- ciency • a list of external restraints that might prohibit the department or unit from performing at its optimum capacity, in- cluding examples such as space limita- tions, university-imposed limitations on organizational structures, and tech- nological limitations currently imposed on the university At this point the department heads were given an opportunity to identify their staffing needs in a narrative manner for both an interim period, defined as the next one to two years when most of the OASIS implementation would take place, and the long-range period of five years.
    keywords: activities; libraries; library; staffing; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14535.pdf
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        item: #2880 of 5668
          id: crl-14536
      author: Bodi, Sonia
       title: Teaching Effectiveness and Bibliographic Instruction: The Relevance of Learning Styles
        date: 1990-03-01
       words: 4083
      flesch: 58
     summary: However, awareness of learning style does not guarantee effectiveness or excel- lence in teaching if combined with a weak grasp of the subject. Learning style tends to be stable throughout life, but it can change as cir- cumstances demand.
    keywords: instruction; learning; students; styles; teaching
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        item: #2881 of 5668
          id: crl-14537
      author: Pedersen, Terri L.
       title: Theft and Mutilation of Library Materials
        date: 1990-03-01
       words: 4822
      flesch: 68
     summary: Other options included the fol- lowing: (1) periodicals kept on reserve for checkout-30% for and 70% against; (2) periodicals on limited access or not able to be removed from the area-35% for and 65% against; (3) sign warning of the pen- alty, $500 fine or 30 days in jai1_._45% felt this would work, while 55% said it would not; (4) signs indicating the cost and time of replacement-32% felt this would beef- fective, while 68% felt it would not be; (5) a publicity campaign showing the extent of the problem and urging concern for others-23% in favor and 77% opposed; and (6) a copying loan service or copy card bought in advance-25% for and 75% against. College and Research Libraries Theft and Mutilation of Library Materials Terri L. Pedersen Periodical and book theft and mutilation are problems encountered by most academic libraries.
    keywords: library; mutilation; students; theft
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        item: #2882 of 5668
          id: crl-14539
      author: Bustion, Marifran; Treadwell, Jane
       title: Reported Relative Value of Journals Versus Use: A Comparison
        date: 1990-03-01
       words: 4518
      flesch: 64
     summary: A study of the literature revealed that some consider only whether a title received use and set no standard for low, medium, or high use, although Charles Wenger and Judith Childress indicated that 100 uses per title in a six-month period was high use. For the purposes of this study, low use was arbitrarily defined by the authors as 1 to 15 uses per periodical, medium use as 16 to 75 uses, and high use as more than 75 uses during the fifteen weeks.
    keywords: library; periodicals; study; titles; use
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        item: #2883 of 5668
          id: crl-14540
      author: Blanger, Anne-Marie; Hoffman, Sandra D.
       title: Factors Related to Frequency of Use of CD-ROM: A Study of ERIC in an Academic Library (Research Note)
        date: 1990-03-01
       words: 5510
      flesch: 68
     summary: Number % Number % B.A. and Certificate Frequen- TABLE 1 STUDENT ENROLLMENT, SAMPLE SIZE, AND QUESTIONNAIRES RETURNED Student Enrollment Sample Size Questionnaires Returned Level of Study Number %
    keywords: frequency; level; rom; use
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        item: #2884 of 5668
          id: crl-14541
      author: Sparkman, Kathleen
       title: OPACs and Beyond (Book Review)
        date: 1990-03-01
       words: 1880
      flesch: 65
     summary: The library staff developed Library 2000 goals, described as: increased amount of information available through the campus network; all forms of informa­ tion delivered to the workstation or PC; faculty productivity increased; informa­ tion resources productivity increased; personalized information systems cre­ ated; human/information system interac­ tion studied; rich learning environment for students created; every Tech graduate information literate. Subject retrieval, en­ hancing of bibliographic records (such as enhanced records from publishers' or booksellers' records), and linking systems and databases were areas covered.
    keywords: information; isbn; library; systems
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        item: #2885 of 5668
          id: crl-14542
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1990-03-01
       words: 878
      flesch: 65
     summary: Periodicals ~ Technical Services and advanced information technology Bl..KXWELL: Blackwell North America, Inc. 6024 S.W. Jean Road, Bldg G Lake Oswego, Oregon 97035 Telephone: 503-684-1140 Toll-free, U.S.: 1-800-547-6426 Canada: 1-800-626-1807 FAX: 1-503-639-2481 Blackwell North America, Inc. 1001 Fries Mill Road Blackwood, New Jersey 08012 Telephone: 609-629-0700 Toll-free, U.S.: 1-800-257-7341 Canada: 1-800-631-3161 FAX: 1-609-629-0438 In 1989, without permission from PAIS, R.R. Bowker combined a subset of this list with subsets of the headings in seven other major thesauri and produced a book called Cross-Reference Index.
    keywords: pais; services
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        item: #2886 of 5668
          id: crl-14543
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1990-03-01
       words: 1551
      flesch: 79
     summary: The library staff developed Library 2000 goals, described as: increased amount of information available through the campus network; all forms of informa­ tion delivered to the workstation or PC; faculty productivity increased; informa­ tion resources productivity increased; personalized information systems cre­ ated; human/information system interac­ tion studied; rich learning environment for students created; every Tech graduate information literate. Occupa­ tional Entry: Library and Information Science Student's Attitudes, Demographics and Aspira­ tions Survey.
    keywords: isbn; library; new; york
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        item: #2887 of 5668
          id: crl-14545
      author: Byrd, Gary D.
       title: An Economic Commons Tragedy for Research Libraries: Scholarly Journal Publishing and Pricing Trends
        date: 1990-05-01
       words: 7697
      flesch: 56
     summary: THEVADUEOF SCHOLARLY INFORMATION Defining an accurate economic value for scholarly information is complicated by uncertainty. The recent dramatic increases in both the numbers and prices of scholarly journnls are evidence of a dis- torted economic marketplace for scholarly information.
    keywords: commons; economic; information; libraries; library; publishers; research; scholarly; tragedy
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        item: #2888 of 5668
          id: crl-14546
      author: Brogan, Martha L.
       title: Trends in International Education: New Imperatives in Academic Librarianship
        date: 1990-05-01
       words: 5640
      flesch: 38
     summary: William & Flora Hewlett Foundation International Agencies Academic Alliances in Foreign Languages and Literatures American Field Service Association for International Practical Training Association for Women in Development Association of International Education Administrators Association of U.S. University Directors of International Agricultural Programs Board for International Food and Agricultural Development Coalition for Advancement of Foreign Languages and International Studies Community Colleges for International Development, Inc. Consortium for International Cooperation in Higher Education Consortium for International Development Consortium for International Studies Education Council of International Exchange of Scholars Council of International Programs Council of International Programs for Youth Leaders and Social Workers, Inc. Council on Foreign Relations Council on International Educational Exchange East-West Center Fogarty International Center Fulbright Alumni Association HEA Title VI National Resource Centers for International Studies, Advanced Training and Research Branch Institute of International Education International Association of Educators for World Peace International Association of Universities International Student Exchange Program International Studies Association Latin American Scholarship Program of American Universities Liaison Group for International Educational Exchange Mid-America International Agricultural Consortium (MIAC), Inc. Midwest Universities Consortium for International Activities National Association for Foreign Student Affairs National Council for International Visitors National Council of State Supervisors of Foreign Languages National Council on Foreign Languages and International Studies Post Secondary International Network Rotary International Society for Intercultural Education, Training and Research South-East Consortium for International Development University Affiliation Programs (USIA) 206 College & Research Libraries Area Studies or Country-Specific Agencies Institutions see the need to integrate and direct growth Trends in International Education 197 from widely dispersed, largely student demand-driven initiatives into rational in- stitutional plans.
    keywords: american; association; council; education; foreign; international; students; studies
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        item: #2889 of 5668
          id: crl-14547
      author: Jones, William G.
       title: Academic Library Planning: Rationality, Imagination, and Field Theory in the Work of Walter Netscha-A Case Study
        date: 1990-05-01
       words: 3437
      flesch: 59
     summary: Librarians who become involved in building planning can prepare themselves for working with architects designing buildings for them by visiting and review- ing layouts for other buildings designed by the_ architects. The building contains, nonetheless, many features of field theory buildings, a 'crystalline sur- face skin,' a 'lack of facade,' 'avoidance of masses, a contact between interiors and landscape, and avoidance of dis- rupting the landscape.'
    keywords: building; field; library; netsch; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14547.pdf
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        item: #2890 of 5668
          id: crl-14548
      author: Auchstetter, Rosann M.
       title: The Role of the Rare Book Library in Higher Education: An Outsider Surveys the Issue
        date: 1990-05-01
       words: 6350
      flesch: 64
     summary: Although this writer will make some later mention of special collec- tions, for the purposes of this paper, the two terms are distinctly different con- cepts.10 The need for rare book collections in universities can be defended on at least two levels: the idealistic and the practical. Rare book collections preserve these titles and others that for varying reasons are considered special.
    keywords: book; collections; ibid; library; rare; rare book; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14548.pdf
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        item: #2891 of 5668
          id: crl-14549
      author: Lougee, Wendy P.; Sandler, Mark; Parker, Linda L.
       title: The Humanistic Scholars Project: A Study of Attitudes and Behavior Concerning Collection Storage and Technology
        date: 1990-05-01
       words: 5959
      flesch: 52
     summary: The two surveys provided a wealth of information about research behaviors and library use. Secondly, efforts to re- move obstacles from library use or stream- line faculty-library interactions may also be advantageous.
    keywords: attitudes; faculty; library; remote; shelving; storage; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14549.pdf
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        item: #2892 of 5668
          id: crl-14550
      author: Graham, Peter S.
       title: Electronic Information and Research Library Technical Services
        date: 1990-05-01
       words: 6148
      flesch: 57
     summary: In what follows, my contention is that technical seroices are not solely dependent on decisions their libraries make regarding electronic information. Local academic files of electronic information are being created at a rate that no one can guess; and CD- ROMs versions of over two hundred data- bases have been published.
    keywords: access; data; electronic; information; libraries; library; research; services; technical
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14550.pdf
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        item: #2893 of 5668
          id: crl-14551
      author: Weaver-Meyers, Patricia
       title: ARL Libraries and Staff Development: A Suggested Model for Success
        date: 1990-05-01
       words: 8383
      flesch: 58
     summary: 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 Listed below you wl11 find statements that could be used to describe several practices In library staff development programs. The following re- view of library staff development and con- tinuing education programs is provided as background to the survey results.
    keywords: academic; development; education; libraries; library; model; programs; staff; staff development; training
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14551.pdf
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        item: #2894 of 5668
          id: crl-14552
      author: Wall, Celia; Haney, Roger; Griffin, John
       title: Hard Copy Versus Online Services: Results of a Survey (Research Note)
        date: 1990-05-01
       words: 5574
      flesch: 64
     summary: The percentages given For cancelled A/1 services were based only on those libraries that indicated they had cancelled subscriptions due to online availability of an abstracting and indexing service. Does your library offer online bibliographic search services?
    keywords: abstracts; indexing; libraries; online; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14552.pdf
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        item: #2895 of 5668
          id: crl-14553
      author: Cedeck, Mark J.
       title: Guide to Photographic Collections at the Smithsonian Institution (Book Review)
        date: 1990-05-01
       words: 1184
      flesch: 49
     summary: A forty-nine page illustration section exhibits a well-selected sampling of im­ ages from various collections. The subject index is useful, since im­ ages related to certain subjects may reside in various collections located in separate NMAH divisions.
    keywords: collections; library; photographic
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14553.pdf
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        item: #2896 of 5668
          id: crl-14555
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1990-05-01
       words: 3342
      flesch: 57
     summary: Our many services tailored precisely to library needs. This is reasonable enough, given that so much of what passes for research in the intensely self-referential (reverential) world of library science has within it an implicit yearning for just such system of universal neatness and efficiency.
    keywords: libraries; library; network; reference; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14555.pdf
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        item: #2897 of 5668
          id: crl-14556
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1990-05-01
       words: 414
      flesch: 74
     summary: Baker, Nancy L. Research Guide for Undergradu­ ate Students: English and American Literature, 3rd ed. College and Research Libraries 288 College & Research Libraries Wiegand concludes, For the American public library community, World War I represented an exhilerating experience that constituted a capstone to the public li­ brary movement in progressive Amer­ ica.
    keywords: isbn
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14556.pdf
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        item: #2898 of 5668
          id: crl-14557
      author: St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Editorial: Why Do Research?
        date: 1990-07-01
       words: 1179
      flesch: 48
     summary: Perhaps, partnerships between college practitioners and those in research libraries could cause more college librarians to participate in research in librarianship. While the practitioner's perception may be that library literature covers all topics regularly and even perhaps repeatedly, the researcher seeking information about a specific topic may find the shelves fairly bare.
    keywords: libraries; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14557.pdf
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        item: #2899 of 5668
          id: crl-14558
      author: Kreitz, Patricia A.; Ogden, Annegret
       title: Job Responsibilities and Job Satisfaction at the University of California Libraries
        date: 1990-07-01
       words: 9307
      flesch: 47
     summary: While calling for equity in compensation for library assistants, the paper identifies the responsibilities of professional librarians in set- ting realistic expectations for library staff. Librari- ans and library assistants expect their jobs to satisfy not only their financial needs but also their intellectual and psychological needs.
    keywords: assistants; job; librarians; library; professional; responsibilities; satisfaction; staff; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14558.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14558.txt

        item: #2900 of 5668
          id: crl-14559
      author: Fitch, Donna K.
       title: Job Satisfaction Among Library Support Staff in Alabama Academic Libraries
        date: 1990-07-01
       words: 4793
      flesch: 62
     summary: The null hypothesis could not be rejected for most variables, reaffirming conclusions of other studies that demographic factors do not influence job satisfaction. More than 6,000 articles on job satisfac- tion had been written by 1984, prompting the question: why embark on another study?1 As Patricia Cain Smith, Lorne M. Kendall, and Charles L. Hulin point out, little evidence exists successfully linking job satisfaction and productivity, so that frequently discussed topic is hard to sup- port as a valid reason for additional re- search.2
    keywords: job; libraries; library; satisfaction; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14559.pdf
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        item: #2901 of 5668
          id: crl-14562
      author: Person, Ruth J.; Newman, George Charles
       title: Selection of the University Librarian
        date: 1990-07-01
       words: 8848
      flesch: 43
     summary: Further, they report that of all the types of academic libraries, university library directors have the great- est turnover (an increase of 57.9 percent between 1976 and 1981). The Assertive Search Judging from a recent discussion of the search process in the Chronicle of Higher Education, academics are becoming more assertive in undertaking search processes in order to secure good leadership in the face of institutional change.20
    keywords: academic; committee; library; process; research; search; search committee; search process; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14562.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14562.txt

        item: #2902 of 5668
          id: crl-14563
      author: Baker, Robert K.
       title: Using a Turnkey Automated System to Support Collection Assessment
        date: 1990-07-01
       words: 3936
      flesch: 55
     summary: ost librarians who have written about collection assessment in recent years have generally ac- knowledged that automation plays an important role in providing ever more accurate statistics on the nature of the collection and of its use. 111 Libraries throughout the Pacific Northwest were in- vited to participate in the principal LIRN program activity: collection assessment based on the RLG conspectus model as implemented by the Alaska Statewide Collection Development project.
    keywords: assessment; collection; faculty; library; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14563.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14563.txt

        item: #2903 of 5668
          id: crl-14564
      author: Arthur, Gwen
       title: Peer Coaching in a University Reference Department
        date: 1990-07-01
       words: 3796
      flesch: 54
     summary: 5 We at Temple recognized that coaching might be useful to our reference staff, not only assisting them in their transfer of new skills or information to on-the-job sit- uations, but also providing them with support for fine-tuning and maintaining positive reference desk behaviors. The process also gave them a chance to observe patron reaction to different types of communication styles First Session: Session leaders stress nature of the program: it focuses on (1) learning about and using positive reference desk behaviors (2) coaching each other in order to maintain them.
    keywords: coaching; program; reference; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14564.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14564.txt

        item: #2904 of 5668
          id: crl-14565
      author: Cady, Susan A.
       title: The Electronic Revolution in Libraries: Microfilm Deja Vu?
        date: 1990-07-01
       words: 8205
      flesch: 52
     summary: The history of microfilm provides some cautionary guidance as to the way in which the profession should approach the era of electronic documentation. , n the 1930s the vision for the use of microfilm technology in libraries and the scholarly com- munity in general was a com- plex one incorporating elements of preser- vation, space management, access to materials, and productivity. In addition to emphasizing the effi- ciency afforded by microfilm technology, librarians, having entered the new me- chanical age at last, exulted in the techni- cal details of microphotography.
    keywords: american; cost; electronic; libraries; library; materials; microfilm; research; scholarly; technology; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14565.pdf
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        item: #2905 of 5668
          id: crl-14566
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1990-07-01
       words: 801
      flesch: 46
     summary: Additionally, undergraduates also make extensive use of the typical university library. This distinction is particularly important in fields like engineering or physics, where there is extensive use of conference proceedings (usually paid for out of the monograph portion of the budget).
    keywords: research; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14566.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14566.txt

        item: #2906 of 5668
          id: crl-14568
      author: Hardesty, Larry
       title: Guest Editorial: Life in the minor leagues; or, Crash Davis finds happiness
        date: 1990-09-01
       words: 1655
      flesch: 56
     summary: Following this analogy, I have perceived an assumption among some librarians from larger institutions that college librarians would love to move up to the major leagues (or the 'Big Show' as the character Crash Davis called it in the quintessential baseball movie, Bull Durham), if only they could. In recent years college librarians have been strongly encouraged to publish more.
    keywords: college; librarians; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14568.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14568.txt

        item: #2907 of 5668
          id: crl-14569
      author: Ricker, Alison S.; Witmer, Jeffrey A.
       title: Library Support for Science Research and Education in Leading Liberal Arts Colleges: Survey Results
        date: 1990-09-01
       words: 6893
      flesch: 51
     summary: College science libraries are staffed, on average, forty hours per week lthough dozens of books and articles that focus on research li- braries or specific topics rele- vant to science libraries have been written in the past two decades,little in the literature documents the current level of college library support for science education and research.
    keywords: college; faculty; group; librarian; libraries; library; research; science
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14569.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14569.txt

        item: #2908 of 5668
          id: crl-14571
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1989-90
        date: 1990-09-01
       words: 10630
      flesch: 62
     summary: Myron J. Smith has issued an update to his World War II at Sea (Guide DA207) to cover books, articles, and documents in English, 1974-1987 (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Pr., 1990. This fact, combined with the wide range of disci- plines involved in the study of child abuse (e.g., law, social work, medicine, history, psychology, sociology, criminal justice), have made it difficult to identify and study many aspects of the problem.
    keywords: american; author; bibliography; books; collections; entries; guide; history; index; libraries; new; reference; research; volume; work; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14571.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14571.txt

        item: #2909 of 5668
          id: crl-14572
      author: Jakobovits, Leon A.; Nahl-Jakobovits, Diane
       title: Measuring Information Searching Competence
        date: 1990-09-01
       words: 7981
      flesch: 59
     summary: Affective memory is re- quired for acquiring affective information skills, just as cognitive memory is required for learning cognitive information skills. Three stages of learning library skills within each of these three behavioral domains are de- picted in table 1.
    keywords: affective; cognitive; domain; information; library; questions; research; sensorimotor; skills
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14572.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14572.txt

        item: #2910 of 5668
          id: crl-14573
      author: Budd, John M.; Seavey, Charles A.
       title: Characteristics of Journal Authorship by Academic Librarians
        date: 1990-09-01
       words: 3827
      flesch: 58
     summary: Charles A. Seavey A widely held belief that academic librarians are strongly encouraged to publish in order to retain employment may exist. Still, it is an issue that, in one permuta- tion or another, continues to be a part of the lives of academic librarians.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; publication; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14573.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14573.txt

        item: #2911 of 5668
          id: crl-14575
      author: Phillips, Linda L.; Lyons, William
       title: Analyzing Library Survey Data Using Factor Analysis (Research Note)
        date: 1990-09-01
       words: 4003
      flesch: 56
     summary: Factor analysis is particularly well suited for the examination of library survey data because surveys typi- cally generate a great amount of raw data that must be interpreted before meaningful conclusions can be reached. As statisti- cal techniques become more prevalent in the assessment of library survey data, the use of this along with other methods, should facilitate the understanding of atti- tude structures of various library clientele.
    keywords: analysis; factor; library; survey; variables
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14575.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14575.txt

        item: #2912 of 5668
          id: crl-14578
      author: Swaim, Elizabeth
       title: Forgers and Critics: Creativity and Duplicity in Western Scholarship (Book Review)
        date: 1990-09-01
       words: 676
      flesch: 49
     summary: The author's erudite and wide-ranging theory-originating as a public lecture at Princeton University where he is Profes­ sor of History-represents a logical exten­ sion of his ground-breaking publications in the history of classical scholarship and in Renaissance education. This new edition should join its predeces­ sors on the shelves of acquisitions depart­ ments and library school collections alike.-Eric Carpenter, Oberlin College Li­ brary, Oberlin, Ohio.
    keywords: grafton; historical
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14578.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14578.txt

        item: #2913 of 5668
          id: crl-14579
      author: Stebelman, Scott
       title: Libraries and Scholarly Communication in the United States: The Historical Dimension (Book Review)
        date: 1990-09-01
       words: 2600
      flesch: 58
     summary: Neil Harris, in Special Collections and Academic Scholarship: A Tangled Rela­ tionship,' analyzes the rather late appear­ ance of special collections in academic in­ stitutions. He counters that special collections have a transformational power as places to test arguments, make discoveries, hold classes, and generally re-examine the meaning of knowledge as personal and social experience and as statements of power and domination.'
    keywords: isbn; libraries; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14579.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14579.txt

        item: #2914 of 5668
          id: crl-14580
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1990-09-01
       words: 305
      flesch: 56
     summary: Behind-counter browsing, permitted only to faculty and graduate students, accounted for only three percent of overall journal usage, with many specialized journals showing use only in the browsing area. Microform usage was about 26 percent and bound usage about 30 percent of the overall use picture.
    keywords: use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14580.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14580.txt

        item: #2915 of 5668
          id: crl-14581
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Other Publications
        date: 1990-09-01
       words: 1428
      flesch: 69
     summary: Or write to : Chair, AlA Publishing Committee, clo Director of Publishing, American Library Association, 50 East Huron Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611 Canton, Mass.: Mu­ sic Library Association, 1989.
    keywords: isbn; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14581.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14581.txt

        item: #2916 of 5668
          id: crl-14582
      author: St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Editorial: Barriers to Research
        date: 1990-11-01
       words: 1406
      flesch: 55
     summary: Most researchers report that gathering data, writing up the results, and preparing manu- scripts for journal submission require a significant commitment of personal time. This combination of released and personal time should make it possible for motivated individuals to pursue research topics.
    keywords: new; research; time
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14582.pdf
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        item: #2917 of 5668
          id: crl-14583
      author: Glaviano, Cliff; Lam, R. Errol
       title: Academic Libraries and Affirmative Action: Approaching Cultural Diversity in the 1990s
        date: 1990-11-01
       words: 6583
      flesch: 45
     summary: 4 In 1981, Eliza- beth M. Dickinson posed the question, 'Is library affirmative action dead? : Approaching Cultural Diversity in the 1990s Cliff Glaviano and R. Errol Lam Affirmative action in academic libraries has had limited success in improving the percentage of minorities in librarianship.
    keywords: academic; action; affirmative; librarianship; libraries; library; minorities; minority; profession
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14583.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14583.txt

        item: #2918 of 5668
          id: crl-14584
      author: Stueart, Robert D.
       title: The Liberal Arts College Library: Paradox or Panacea
        date: 1990-11-01
       words: 4060
      flesch: 52
     summary: LIBRARY'S RESEARCH ROLE These technological applications have obviously enhanced the research role of liberal arts libraries. Three areas of informa- tion technology-computing, communi- cation, and content-have made dramatic changes in liberal arts college libraries.
    keywords: arts; faculty; liberal; libraries; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14584.pdf
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        item: #2919 of 5668
          id: crl-14585
      author: Bierbaum, Esther Green
       title: The Two-Year College LRC: Promise Deferred?
        date: 1990-11-01
       words: 4571
      flesch: 59
     summary: Bibliographic Access Access to resources, both bibliographi- cal and physical, is an important element of library standards. Even the idea of a separate library for the junior col- lege was not universally adopted, because the college often resulted from commu- nity necessity during the Depression and shared quarters and library collections with the local high school.
    keywords: college; junior; learning; libraries; library; lrc
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14585.pdf
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        item: #2920 of 5668
          id: crl-14588
      author: Ariel, Joan
       title: The University: An Owner's Manual; How Harvard Rules: Reason in the Service of Empire (Book Review)
        date: 1990-11-01
       words: 1762
      flesch: 48
     summary: Canadian Theses is a microfiche bibliography of masters' and doctoral theses accepted by Canadian universities, as well as selected foreign theses of Canadian authorship or inter­ est. In a postscript he dismisses as peripheral other such critical, social, and political is­ sues as affirmative action, minorities, and university relations with the government, private sector, and community.
    keywords: canada; education; harvard; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14588.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14588.txt

        item: #2921 of 5668
          id: crl-14589
      author: Franco, Elaine A.
       title: Classification of Library Materials (Book Review)
        date: 1990-11-01
       words: 1110
      flesch: 47
     summary: Phyllis Richmond, in her 'General The­ ory of Classification chapter, warns that deviations from standard classification systems, especially in a computerized en­ vironment, diminish the chances of using classification effectively for any kind of searching. The American search uses alphabetic des­ ignators, with classification numbers as an · addition.
    keywords: classification; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14589.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-14589.txt

        item: #2922 of 5668
          id: crl-14590
      author: Kieft, Robert
       title: International Encyclopedia of Communications (Book Review)
        date: 1990-11-01
       words: 1859
      flesch: 50
     summary: It presents itself as the printed place where the heteroclite aggregation of things we call our world finds its table, the very table that Borges pulled out from un­ der Foucault as Borges read the story of the Chinese encyclopedia, for paging through IEC mimics precisely that exhila­ rating Borgesian retabulation of the un­ tabled, in the Fs, for example, as the reader moves from 'Face,' 'Fact and Fic­ tion, and Family to Feminist Theo­ ries of Communication,' 'Food,' and 'Forgery, Art' and by way of 'Foucault' himself to 'Functional Analysis.' Such deci­ sions usually prove expensive and dys­ functional for them and for other libraries in an automated network.
    keywords: iec; libraries; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14590.pdf
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        item: #2923 of 5668
          id: crl-14591
      author: Sartori, Eva
       title: Integrating Library Use Skills into the General Education Curriculum (Book Review)
        date: 1990-11-01
       words: 2041
      flesch: 53
     summary: The reality that bibliographic instruction librarians are often unwilling to face is underscored by Betsy Baker who notes that most library instruction in aca­ demic settings is confined to one-hour ses­ sions, that students often have other, le­ gitimate priorities than the submission of a well-researched paper, and that faculty often do research that bypasses the li­ brary. Maureen Pastine and Bill Katz have compiled twenty-four essays that attempt to explore the ways in which programs of library instruction can be integrated into the curriculum to promote active, critical, and lifelong learning.
    keywords: librarians; library; new; shakespeare
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14591.pdf
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        item: #2924 of 5668
          id: crl-14594
      author: Kuhta, Richard J.
       title: Academic Librarianship, Past, Present, and Future (Book Review)
        date: 1990-11-01
       words: 1083
      flesch: 45
     summary: Interestingly enough, both the 1930s and 1970s, times of economic scarcity in higher education, were characterized by innovation and progress in user education.' The popularity of library instruction has been influenced by 'the surrounding environment _of higher education, the energies of far­ sighted individuals, such as Justin Win­ sor, or negatively by lack of initiative and · the inability of individuals to capitalize November 1990 on previous advances.
    keywords: academic; education; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14594.pdf
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        item: #2925 of 5668
          id: crl-14595
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1990-11-01
       words: 278
      flesch: 51
     summary: In a recent review of attempts to find alternatives to the scientific journal, 1 I emphasized the fact that scientists and other scholars have also been reluctant to publish in formats other ,than the printed journal. 2 A similar reluctance has been found in experi­ ments with electronic journals.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #2926 of 5668
          id: crl-14596
      author: Oberg, Larry R.
       title: Guest Editorial: Paraprofessionals: Shaping the New Reality
        date: 1991-01-01
       words: 937
      flesch: 40
     summary: Several forces have driven downward many of the duties formerly considered fully professional; for example, the intense application of technology to library processes, severe budget constraints, and the relative success achieved by librarians in their quest for a higher status. College and Research Libraries Guest Editorial Paraprofessionals: Shaping the New Reality Until quite recently, the role, status, and working conditions of paraprofessionals have not been topics of intense or generalized interest within the profession.
    keywords: librarians; paraprofessionals
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        item: #2927 of 5668
          id: crl-14597
      author: Werking, Richard Hume
       title: Collection Growth and Expenditures in Academic Libraries: A Preliminary Inquiry
        date: 1991-01-01
       words: 9617
      flesch: 62
     summary: A subsequent arti- cle will report on the state of automation among this group of college libraries . Calculating from the beginning of the 1960s adds considerably to the number of college libraries which at least dou- bled the size of their collections by 1987.
    keywords: arl; college; college libraries; expenditures; libraries; library; materials; total
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        item: #2928 of 5668
          id: crl-14598
      author: Kim, Mary T.
       title: Ranking of Journals in Library and Information Science: A Comparison of Perceptual and Citation-Based Measures
        date: 1991-01-01
       words: 7722
      flesch: 54
     summary: These findings are consistent with an overall pattern dis- played by table 2: namely, that directors' rankings of research journals and deans' rankings of practitioner journals may more readily be accounted for by journal age, circulation or index coverage than the opposite pairing. ARL directors valued a mix of research- practitioner journals, but specifically valued research journals which tended to be cited, on the average, more heavily than other journals and practitioner journals which tended to be cited, on the average, more quickly than other jour- nals.
    keywords: citation; factor; index; journal; prestige; research; x p; x x
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        item: #2929 of 5668
          id: crl-14599
      author: Buttlar, Lois
       title: Analyzing the Library Periodical Literature: Content and Authorship
        date: 1991-01-01
       words: 8631
      flesch: 56
     summary: John Budd, Publication in Library & Information Science: The State of the Literature, Library ]ournal113:125 (Sept. 1, 1988). 2. S. Nazim Ali, Library Science Research: Some Results of its Dissemination and Utilization, Libri 35:151-62 (1985) . 3. Norman D. Stevens, The History and Current State of Library Publishing in the United States, Library ScienceAnnual1 (Littleton, Colo.: others ar- gue that some libraries provide a work environment that encourages experi- Lois Buttlar is an Assistant Professor at the School of Library Science, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.
    keywords: academic; authors; information; journal; libraries; library; research; science
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        item: #2930 of 5668
          id: crl-14600
      author: Hufford, Jon R.
       title: Elements of the Bibliographic Record Used by Reference Staff Members at Three ARL Academic Libraries
        date: 1991-01-01
       words: 6156
      flesch: 57
     summary: However, the profession needs catalog use studies which concen- trate on gathering data about the search- ing practices of library staff members from all departments in many libraries. No evi- dence that previous catalog use studies ever influenced cataloging codes exists.
    keywords: bibliographic; elements; library; study; use
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        item: #2931 of 5668
          id: crl-14601
      author: Knutson, Gunnar
       title: Subject Enhancement: Report on an Experiment
        date: 1991-01-01
       words: 8897
      flesch: 63
     summary: A recent project at the Australian Defence Force Academy Library, using the same technique, had similar findings of better retrieval but also does not re- port on how book use was affected. 6 Other research demonstrates the diffi- culty of linking book use to the fullness of the bibliographic record.
    keywords: books; catalog; circulation; contents; group; library; subject; use
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        item: #2932 of 5668
          id: crl-14604
      author: Werking, Richard Hume
       title: Academic Librarianship in a Transformational Age: Program, Politics, and Personnel (Book Review)
        date: 1991-01-01
       words: 2443
      flesch: 51
     summary: The following chapter, ' Adminis- trative Theories, Business Paradigms, and Work, contains a number of in- sightful observations about the nature of library work, who and what librarians are, and the duality of employment between professionals and support staff. These include organizational communication, governance, duties and responsibilities of staff members, re- cruitment, performance appraisal, and staff development.
    keywords: academic; library; research; veaner
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        item: #2933 of 5668
          id: crl-14605
      author: Pankake, Marcia
       title: Academic Libraries Research Perspectives (Book Review)
        date: 1991-01-01
       words: 1307
      flesch: 55
     summary: Can we incorporate research findings into our work? Moreover, we can apply the findings of empirical research to advance our prac- tice.
    keywords: academic; research
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        item: #2934 of 5668
          id: crl-14607
      author: Holley, Robert P.
       title: Technical Services Today and Tomorrow (Book Review)
        date: 1991-01-01
       words: 1317
      flesch: 56
     summary: Michael Gorman has brought together sixteen quality contributions 'to exam- ine the present state of each of the major areas of technical services in libraries, to provide individual views on the future of those areas and of technical services in general, and to furnish the reader with further readings on the topic in ques- tion.' Some deal with core top- ics in technical services; others with in- teresting byways.
    keywords: services; technical
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        item: #2935 of 5668
          id: crl-14610
      author: St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Editorial: Resource Sharing
        date: 1991-03-01
       words: 988
      flesch: 54
     summary: Thus, resource sharing is increasingly import- ant as a strategy to meet users' needs. Three areas require additional consider- ation to fulfill the technological poten- tials for resource sharing: policy development, funding, and cooperative collection development.
    keywords: resource; sharing
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        item: #2936 of 5668
          id: crl-14611
      author: Werking, Richard Hume
       title: Automation in College Libraries
        date: 1991-03-01
       words: 4172
      flesch: 61
     summary: A previous article, C&RL January 1991 issue, reported on collection growth and shifts in patterns of expenditures in this group of college libraries, comparing the findings with developments in research libraries. The survey obtained information about which automation modules were in place at the library and when they had been installed; the financing of automation and the impact on the library's budget; and library directors' views about several matters relating to library automation and the nature of the college library. !
    keywords: automation; college; libraries; library
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        item: #2937 of 5668
          id: crl-14612
      author: Marks, Kenneth E.; Nielsen, Steven P.; Petersen, H. Craig; Wagner, Peter E.
       title: Longitudinal Study of Scientific Journal Prices in a Research Library
        date: 1991-03-01
       words: 5209
      flesch: 63
     summary: It was determined that inflation and greater journal length explained most of the increase in journal prices. Many factors can affect the levels and rates of increase in journal prices.
    keywords: journals; page; price; publishers; u.s
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        item: #2938 of 5668
          id: crl-14613
      author: Dalrymple, Prudence W.; Younger, Jennifer A.
       title: From Authority Control to Informed Retrieval: Framing the Expanded Domain of Subject Access
        date: 1991-03-01
       words: 6546
      flesch: 48
     summary: To examine the problem of providing effective subject access, the authors describe current methods of pro- viding subject access by controlling in- dexing results as well as by informing the search process, thus defining a con- tinuum on which methods established to assist in subject retrieval can be identi- fied and placed. Three changes in the domain of subject access are described.
    keywords: access; control; information; online; retrieval; searching; subject; users
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        item: #2939 of 5668
          id: crl-14614
      author: Cravey, Pamela J.
       title: Occupational Role Identity of Women Academic Librarians
        date: 1991-03-01
       words: 7255
      flesch: 50
     summary: College and Research Libraries Occupational Role Identity of Women Academic Librarians Pamela J. Cravey With advanced microcomputer technology, distributed access to bibliographic and textual data, and a cultural climate of disdain for the traditional, the professional demands placed upon academic librarians are enormous. Academic librarians were found to hold a positive and unique occupational role identity.
    keywords: academic; choice; identity; librarians; librarianship; occupational; percent; role; sample; women
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        item: #2940 of 5668
          id: crl-14615
      author: Neuman, Delia
       title: Designing Library Instruction for Undergraduates: Combining Instructional Systems Design and Naturalistic Inquiry
        date: 1991-03-01
       words: 5932
      flesch: 49
     summary: Transfer students and ·students who place out of the freshman composition requirement do not necessarily encoun- ter the basic concepts covered in the freshman component; other students do not necessarily use those concepts until two years after instruction. More specific- ally, the audience would be transfer students, students who had placed out of the required freshman composition course, and other students who wanted to refresh their skills.
    keywords: instruction; libraries; library; majik/1; program; students; umcp
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        item: #2941 of 5668
          id: crl-14616
      author: Mcilvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1989-90
        date: 1991-03-01
       words: 10714
      flesch: 62
     summary: It is arranged in three main sections: general material (e.g., reference sources, biographical in- March 1991 formation, and women's studies); Women in the World (subdivided by continent, region, and country); and Spe- cial Subjects (thirteen topics including arts and media, education, history, lei- sure, mythology and religion). The Literary Research Guide is more narrowly confined to English literature and is intended to replace Margaret Patterson's Literary Research Guide (Guide BD360).
    keywords: american; archives; bibliography; des; entries; guide; index; isbn; library; new; reference; research; sources; volume; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14616.pdf
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        item: #2942 of 5668
          id: crl-14617
      author: McGrath, William E.; Nuzzo, Nancy B.
       title: Existing Collection Strength and Shelflist Count Correlations in RLG's Conspectus for Music (Research Note)
        date: 1991-03-01
       words: 4521
      flesch: 59
     summary: This study addresses that question by examining the data in one Conspectus, that for music libraries.3 In addition to ECS values, the Conspectus for Music contains shelflist counts of member library collections. To measure the extent of that agreement, three sets of Pearson prod- uct-moment correlations were com- puted between music library ECS values and their correponding shelflist counts (SHELFLIST): 1) correlation within li- braries, with LC ranges as the units of analysis; 2) correlation across libraries, with libraries as the units of analysis; and 3) correlations with the units of anal- ysis as a composite of LC ranges and libraries.
    keywords: collection; correlations; ecs; library; shelflist
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        item: #2943 of 5668
          id: crl-14620
      author: Stubbs, Kendon
       title: Statistics for Library Decision Making; Research Methods in Library and Information Studies (Book Review)
        date: 1991-03-01
       words: 1655
      flesch: 53
     summary: Hafner, Hernon, and Slater, therefore, together offer a useful introduction to library research-what it is, how to col- lect data for research, how to do quanti- tative and qualitative analysis of data, and how to turn research into deci- sions.-Kendon Stubbs, University of Vir- ginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. It opens with chapters on research and de- cision making, on quantitative research in library literature, and on the use of microcomputer applications, such as Mini tab, for research.
    keywords: hernon; library; research
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        item: #2944 of 5668
          id: crl-14623
      author: Person, Ruth J.
       title: Guest Editorial: Library Managers: Off the Bench and onto the Court
        date: 1991-05-01
       words: 1124
      flesch: 45
     summary: of library issues at the same time. If li- brary managers can develop a broader view of the academic enterprise and can better understand the concerns of the individuals who manage it, they can also creat~ better and more relevant argu- ments for library resources and better ways to integrate the library into larger campus concerns.
    keywords: academic; library
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        item: #2945 of 5668
          id: crl-14626
      author: Myers, Marcia J.; Kaufman, Paula T.
       title: ARL Directors: Two Decades of Changes
        date: 1991-05-01
       words: 8527
      flesch: 65
     summary: What changes, if any, have occurred in the characteristics of library directors in light of the increasing number of fe- males assuming top positions? These findings did not support McAnally and Downs' prediction of short tenures for library directors.
    keywords: arl; directors; female; libraries; library; years
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14626.pdf
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        item: #2946 of 5668
          id: crl-14627
      author: Jordan, Robert P.
       title: Subject Cataloging of Personality Tests
        date: 1991-05-01
       words: 3934
      flesch: 55
     summary: College and Research Libraries Subject Cataloging of Personality Tests Robert P. Jordan Many large universities maintain personality test collections. The development and use of an arrange- ment of subject subheadings as retrieval points for personality tests becomes essential.
    keywords: collection; library; personality; subject; tests
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14627.pdf
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        item: #2947 of 5668
          id: crl-14628
      author: Jacobs, Donna
       title: Nineteenth-Century Periodicals: Preservation Decision Making at College Libraries
        date: 1991-05-01
       words: 6300
      flesch: 50
     summary: The information gathered by the survey and through an extensive review of the literature was used to develop a model for preservation decision making that takes into account the contextual elements of a small college library, the characteristics of the periodicals themselves, and the preservation options available. The objective of this project, which was prompted by an assessment of the nine- teenth-century American and British peri- odicals collection at the author's library, was to develop a logical and efficient model for making preservation decisions with respect to nineteenth-century period- icals collections at college libraries.
    keywords: century; college; libraries; making; periodicals; preservation
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14628.pdf
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        item: #2948 of 5668
          id: crl-14629
      author: Park, Betsy; Riggs, Robert
       title: Status of the Profession: A 1989 National Survey of Tenure and Promotion Policies for Academic Librarians
        date: 1991-05-01
       words: 8033
      flesch: 50
     summary: The results of the present study indicate that there are differences in evaluation practices between faculty status and non- faculty status institutions. In summary, the results of the study confirm significant differences in in- stitutional policies and practices for tenure and promotion between faculty status and nonfaculty status institutions.
    keywords: academic; faculty; institutions; librarians; research; status; tenure
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14629.pdf
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        item: #2949 of 5668
          id: crl-14630
      author: Budd, John M.
       title: The Literature of Academic Libraries: An Analysis (Research Note)
        date: 1991-05-01
       words: 3097
      flesch: 55
     summary: Margaret F. Stieg and Joan L. Atkinson point out discrepancies in the level of coverage of specific titles among the com- pact disc products of ERIC, Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA), and Library Literature. 4. Charles Avery Bolles, Characteristics of the Literature of American Studies as Indi- cated by Bibliographic Citations (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Minnesota, 1975); James C. Baughman, A Structural Analysis of the Literature of Sociology, Library Quarterly 44:296 (Oct. 1974); John M. Budd, Characteristics of Written Scholarship in American Literature: A Citation Study, Library & Information Science Research 8:203 (Apr.-June 1986); Richard Heinzkill, Characteristics of References in Selected Scholarly English Literary Journals, Library Quarterly 50:352-65 (July 1980).
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; literature
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14630.pdf
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        item: #2950 of 5668
          id: crl-14633
      author: Joyce, Donald Franklin
       title: Black Bibliophiles and Collectors: Preservers of Black History (Book Review)
        date: 1991-05-01
       words: 1331
      flesch: 49
     summary: Together, they provide a useful introduction for the novice to the subject, making the book an essential purchase for library school libraries. Like so many facets of black history, black bibliography and book collecting have been neglected areas in American in- tellectual history.
    keywords: black; collectors; history
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        item: #2951 of 5668
          id: crl-14635
      author: Lucker, Jay K.
       title: Theories of Science in Society (Book Review)
        date: 1991-05-01
       words: 1362
      flesch: 49
     summary: There are ques- tions of borders between science and poli- tics, between pure science and applied science, between social science and natural science, between good and bad science, and between science and its populariza- tion. This collection of essays by a group of established scholars in the sociology of science deals with a number of theoreti- cal questions about the role of science in society.
    keywords: research; science
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        item: #2952 of 5668
          id: crl-14636
      author: Osburn, Charles B.
       title: The Librarian, the Scholar and the Future of the Research Library (Book Review)
        date: 1991-05-01
       words: 1356
      flesch: 53
     summary: -Charles B. Osburn, University of Alabama, Tusca- loosa, Alabama. The references that accompany each paper together serve as a thorough bibliography of current research in the sociology of science.-Jay K. Lucker, Mas- sachusetts Institute of Technology, Cam- bridge, Massachusetts.
    keywords: library; research; smith
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        item: #2953 of 5668
          id: crl-14637
      author: Larson, Jeffry
       title: Understanding the Business of Library Acquisitions (Book Review)
        date: 1991-05-01
       words: 1365
      flesch: 60
     summary: Smith's thoughtful observations and analyses of academic research librarian- ship in a changing context are drawn from experience, knowledge, and reason in an effort to illuminate a successful likely fu- ture for research librarianship. Naive and overly optimistic in some instances, realis- tic and highly rational in most others, Smith's book offers critical insights into the current status of research librarianship and a carefully designed matrix through which to contemplate the future.
    keywords: book; burnout; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14637.pdf
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        item: #2954 of 5668
          id: crl-14638
      author: Watstein, Sarah
       title: The Alienated Librarian (Book Review)
        date: 1991-05-01
       words: 1352
      flesch: 55
     summary: Nauratil provides an overview of burnout theory and symptomatology. Indeed, librarian burnout has been the focus of numerous journal articles as well as con- ference programs.
    keywords: book; burnout; pais
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        item: #2955 of 5668
          id: crl-14642
      author: Freeman, Michael Stuart
       title: Pen, Ink, Keys, and Cards: Some Reflections on Library Technology
        date: 1991-07-01
       words: 4984
      flesch: 60
     summary: But many libraries did not purchase their first machine until much later-as late as the 1920s in some cases.20 In the mean- time, practitioners skilled with pen and ink serviced card catalogs. There were about a dozen typewriter brands em- ployed in library work at the turn of the century, but some were clearly not man- ufactured with card typing in mind.
    keywords: book; card; catalog; libraries; library; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14642.pdf
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        item: #2956 of 5668
          id: crl-14643
      author: Reich, Phyllis; Biever, Erik J.
       title: Indexing Consistency: The Input/Output Function of Thesauri
        date: 1991-07-01
       words: 3370
      flesch: 57
     summary: Each dot represents an article, the abcissa being the number of CAB terms and the ordinate being the number of NAL terms for that article. For points on the diagonal, the number of CAB terms is equal to the number of NAL terms.
    keywords: cab; indexing; nal; terms
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14643.pdf
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        item: #2957 of 5668
          id: crl-14644
      author: Shkolnik, Leon
       title: The Continuing Debate Over Academic Branch Libraries
        date: 1991-07-01
       words: 5174
      flesch: 54
     summary: The literature distinguishes three types of branch libraries. 9 The debate over branch libraries has centered on one conflict: Librarians wish to centralize libraries to increase administrative control, while the faculty opposes centralization.
    keywords: branch; decentralization; departmental; libraries; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14644.pdf
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        item: #2958 of 5668
          id: crl-14645
      author: Widdows, Richard; Hensler, Tia A.; Wyncott, Marlaya H.
       title: The Focus Group Interview: A Method for Assessing Users' Evaluation of Library Service
        date: 1991-07-01
       words: 4507
      flesch: 58
     summary: Benefits include the fact that participants tend to give candid information, that the technique is fairly inexpensive, and that the whole proce- dure can be carried out quickly.4 The major weakness of focus group research is that data obtained from focus groups cannot be easily generalized to the larger population. 8 Although most extensively used by marketers, focus group research has been carried out by psychotherapists and counselors, community developers, con- sumer affairs professionals, small busi- nesses, and lawyers, among others.9-13
    keywords: focus; focus group; group; interviews; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14645.pdf
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        item: #2959 of 5668
          id: crl-14646
      author: King, Natalie Schoch
       title: Search Characteristics and the Effects of Experience on End Esers of PaperChase
        date: 1991-07-01
       words: 7858
      flesch: 62
     summary: College and Research Libraries Search Characteristics and the Effects of Experience on End Users of PaperChase Natalie Schoch King Transaction logs of 100 end users of PaperChase at the University of Michigan were examined in order to describe the use of various search features and to determine the effects of search experience on the use of search features. Comparable numbers of statements in PaperChase searches have been reported elsewhere.26 In contrast, the majority of users of miniMEDLINE at Georgetown University Medical Center worked with single-subject searches.27 More than 90% of GRATEFUL MED users performed their searches in five lines or fewer.
    keywords: end; experience; medline; paperchase; searches; searching; study; users
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14646.pdf
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        item: #2960 of 5668
          id: crl-14648
      author: Wilson, Patrick
       title: Envisioning Information; The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (Book Review)
        date: 1991-07-01
       words: 1260
      flesch: 58
     summary: Tufte will have nothing to do with the idea that simplification in the presenta- tion of information is necessary to avoid information overload, boredom, or in- comprehension. Envisioning Information is Edward R. Tufte's second book on information de- sign.
    keywords: book; information
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        item: #2961 of 5668
          id: crl-14649
      author: Bennett, Scott
       title: Advances in Library Resource Sharing, v1 (Book Review)
        date: 1991-07-01
       words: 1351
      flesch: 54
     summary: The first is that someone will have to ensure continued access to printed information, and no one can do that better than librarians. Clutter and confusion are failures of design, not attri- butes of information.
    keywords: book; information; libraries
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        item: #2962 of 5668
          id: crl-14651
      author: Lucia, Joseph
       title: Computer Files and the Research Library (Book Review)
        date: 1991-07-01
       words: 1915
      flesch: 49
     summary: Two re- cent examples make this clear: the anarchic expansion of information resources on the Internet and the proliferation over the past half-year of government information dis- tributed on CD-ROM. July 1991 and commonsensical collection develop- ment criteria that can be applied to com- puter files); and coordinating and supporting data file access.
    keywords: computer; files; information; research
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        item: #2963 of 5668
          id: crl-14652
      author: Angiletta, Tony
       title: Measuring Academic Library Performance: A Practical Approach (Book Review)
        date: 1991-07-01
       words: 1242
      flesch: 52
     summary: While we are not exactly talking about cold fusion here, to speak of being able to replicate these measures at an infinite number of local units without being able July 1991 to interpret them comparatively across libraries, or even across units within the same library or library system suggests questions about utility, whether practi- cal or theoretical. [and] on the extensiveness and effective- ness of library services for the purposes of accountability and to quantify ser- vices.
    keywords: library; measures
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        item: #2964 of 5668
          id: crl-14653
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1991-07-01
       words: 421
      flesch: 64
     summary: It may be naive, but isn't it possible to get foundation or government funding to establish U.S. noncommercial journals to compete in the marketplace? Many journal publishers appear to be reaping large profits in reporting research done, in good part, with taxpayers' funds.
    keywords: reference
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        item: #2965 of 5668
          id: crl-14654
      author: St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Editorial: More Alternatives for Scholarly Publishing
        date: 1991-09-01
       words: 737
      flesch: 50
     summary: The ad- vent of electronic publishing offers hope for restructuring scholarly publishing. Currently, university faculty are the pri- mary authors of scholarly articles.
    keywords: college; quality
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        item: #2966 of 5668
          id: crl-14655
      author: Duran, Cheryl
       title: The Role of Libraries in American Indian Tribal College Development
        date: 1991-09-01
       words: 7856
      flesch: 46
     summary: The next phase of this investigation will consist of extensive data gathering from the twenty-four tribal colleges to test the hypoth- eses identified in this paper and to generate additional hypotheses and research in the area of tribal college libraries. The dearth of research in this area mandates an intensive look at the role of tribal college libraries in a nonbiased fashion, free of preconceived notions.
    keywords: colleges; community; institutional; libraries; library; objectives; stage; tribal; tribal colleges
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        item: #2967 of 5668
          id: crl-14658
      author: Okerson, Ann
       title: With Feathers: Effects of Copyright and Ownership on Scholarly Publishing
        date: 1991-09-01
       words: 8526
      flesch: 53
     summary: Broader sharing of scholarly ideas can be successful through addressing the larger arena of university and schol- arly distribution and ownership of intellectual ideas. As the expression of scholarly ideas becomes less and less affordable, the question of whether the 1909 or 1976 copyright law, or any copyright law, is the right law for sharing scholarship is again raised in some quarters.
    keywords: copyright; information; law; libraries; library; ownership; publishing; research; scholarly; university
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        item: #2968 of 5668
          id: crl-14659
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1990-91
        date: 1991-09-01
       words: 8646
      flesch: 59
     summary: Unfortunately, the subject index could use more work; the entry for England, for example, lists more than 100 page references with no further subject breakdown. Along with the more standard lexical fare offered by its predecessors, it provides broad cov- erage of scientific and technical termi- nology and colloquial speech based on material gathered in the course of Macura's years of work as a translator, as well as from surveys of Russian refer- ence works.
    keywords: bibliography; entries; guide; index; library; literature; new; reference; subject; volume; women; work
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        item: #2969 of 5668
          id: crl-14660
      author: Elzy, Cheryl; Nourie, Alan; Lancaster, F. W.; Joseph, Kurt M.
       title: Evaluating Reference Service in a Large Academic Library
        date: 1991-09-01
       words: 5821
      flesch: 62
     summary: Although the students came from a wide variety of disciplines, no attempt was made to match reference questions to student majors. Wyma J. Hood and Monte J. Gittings found that librarians accom- panied users about 54% of the time when answering reference questions in one ac- ademic library.6 About 46% of the time, they showed them how to find the an- swer, and about 34% of the time, they found the answer for the user.
    keywords: accuracy; answer; librarian; library; questions; reference
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        item: #2970 of 5668
          id: crl-14661
      author: Snelson, Pamela; Talar, S. Anita
       title: Content Analysis of ACRL Conference Papers
        date: 1991-09-01
       words: 3785
      flesch: 47
     summary: A second hypothesis, given the short history of ACRL conferences, was that the research papers presented differed from scientific papers in adherence to the norms of research papers. On the contrary, when the actual number of research papers was examined, we found that the research base was declining.
    keywords: acrl; conference; library; papers; research
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        item: #2971 of 5668
          id: crl-14662
      author: Magrill, Rose Mary
       title: Collection Development in College Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1991-09-01
       words: 1195
      flesch: 50
     summary: Although much has been written and published about collection development during the last twenty years, most of it has focused on large university and re- search libraries. Mary Scudder and John Scudder describe how faculty involvement in collection development is encouraged at Lynchburg College.
    keywords: collection; college
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        item: #2972 of 5668
          id: crl-14664
      author: Morman, Ed
       title: Partners in Science: Foundations and Natural Science 1900- 1945 (Book Review)
        date: 1991-09-01
       words: 1994
      flesch: 48
     summary: The growth of the Cal- ifornia Institute of Technology and of graduate science programs at Princeton University, in particular, was the result of Rockefeller activities at this time. Peggy Johnson has provided an excel- lent summary of state-of-the-art manage- ment of research libraries that have undergone or are in the process of under- taking a transition to automated sys- tems.
    keywords: kohler; libraries; science
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        item: #2973 of 5668
          id: crl-14665
      author: Rosenblatt, Susan F.
       title: Automation and Organizational Change in Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1991-09-01
       words: 1322
      flesch: 48
     summary: While the monograph describes the results of a survey of academic librar- ies in the United States and Canada, it also contains a well-researched historical overview of academic libraries, followed by a description of the organizational envi- ronment of libraries. Peggy Johnson has provided an excel- lent summary of state-of-the-art manage- ment of research libraries that have undergone or are in the process of under- taking a transition to automated sys- tems.
    keywords: franca; libraries; lingua
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        item: #2974 of 5668
          id: crl-14667
      author: Gatten, Jeffrey N.
       title: Scholarly Communication and Bibliometrics (Book Review)
        date: 1991-09-01
       words: 1593
      flesch: 51
     summary: In this section, he outlines the possibility of introducing new types of variables and statistical analysis, and new research questions related to the de- mographics of scholarly communication (e.g., patterns of team research, number of active authors by discipline). The invisible college, for example, is widely accepted as a model of scholarly communication, but is typ- ically examined through measuring doc- uments and professional memberships.
    keywords: communication; research; scholarly
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        item: #2975 of 5668
          id: crl-14668
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1991-09-01
       words: 750
      flesch: 62
     summary: In reporting whether the book that is sent out for review is printed on alkaline paper, Choice relies on information provided by the publishers. Choice will not physically test book paper for a pH value.
    keywords: c&rl
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        item: #2976 of 5668
          id: crl-14669
      author: Holleman, Margaret
       title: Editorial: Community College Librarianship and the "Field of Dreams"
        date: 1991-11-01
       words: 909
      flesch: 43
     summary: In a recent editorial, Gloriana St. Clair outlined many of the benefits of research and publication, including im- proved teaching and services, intellec- tual cross-pollination, and professional revitalization.1 · Those drawn to the field of dreams would doubtless discover particularly promising areas of research and practice for community college LRC professionals to tackle. However, Johnson and his colleagues would not find a lack of research, prob- lem solving, or innovative LRC pro- grams, particularly in functions in which community colleges excel, such as teach- ing.
    keywords: college; community
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        item: #2977 of 5668
          id: crl-14670
      author: Heckart, Ronald J.
       title: The Library as a Marketplace of Ideas
        date: 1991-11-01
       words: 9939
      flesch: 56
     summary: There is no reason why a person of modest power or wealth might not have good ideas, or why he or she should be hindered in advancing those ideas in the market solely because of a lack of power or wealth. Still another stance is to assert with Karl R. Popper that while we can never be sure that we know the truth, we can root out falsity with certainty, and the best way to do this is a free trade in ideas.8 Irrespective of epistomological stance, the marketplace of ideas concept is an example of process theory.
    keywords: censorship; freedom; ideas; information; intellectual; librarians; library; marketplace; new; profession; public
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        item: #2978 of 5668
          id: crl-14671
      author: Hernon, Peter
       title: Academic Librarians and the Library and Information Science Monograph: An Exploratory Study
        date: 1991-11-01
       words: 8060
      flesch: 52
     summary: No study reported in the litera- ture has explored the collection and use of LIS monographs by academic librari- ans. However, none of these studies has sufficiently ex- amined collections of LIS monographs housed in academic libraries.
    keywords: academic; collection; information; librarians; library; lis; literature; monographs; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14671.pdf
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        item: #2979 of 5668
          id: crl-14674
      author: Benedict, Marjorie A.
       title: Librarians' Satisfaction With Faculty Status
        date: 1991-11-01
       words: 5125
      flesch: 58
     summary: College and Research Libraries Librarians' Satisfaction with Faculty Status Marjorie A. Benedict In 1982 and 1989, librarians with academic faculty status in eight institutions of a large state university system responded to a questionnaire that probed their opinions on faculty status for librarians. In both sur- veys, large majorities of each group said they preferred academic faculty status, felt like faculty, believed that faculty sta- tus had upgraded the profession, and thought that faculty status enriched the careers of academic librarians.
    keywords: faculty; faculty status; librarians; status
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        item: #2980 of 5668
          id: crl-14675
      author: Greer, Arlene; Weston, Lee; Alm, Mary
       title: Assessment of Learning Outcomes: A Measure of Progress in Library Literacy
        date: 1991-11-01
       words: 5030
      flesch: 49
     summary: 75 the second year of assessment it would examine the validity of self-assessment of library skills by measuring objectively determined skill levels. Thus, unsurprisingly, this kind of personalized attention is rec- ognized as a major influence on develop- ment of library skills.
    keywords: instruction; library; self; skills; students; test
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        item: #2981 of 5668
          id: crl-14676
      author: Elman, Sarah Su-erh
       title: Automation in U.S. East Asian Libraries in the United States: A Review and Assessment
        date: 1991-11-01
       words: 6911
      flesch: 59
     summary: RESEARCH QUESTIONS Understanding the status of RLIN and OCLC CJK systems in the greater biblio- graphic community requires knowledge of how these systems are used in individ- ual user institutions. Table 3 shows the number of CJK systems installed in respondents' libraries, in correspon- dence with their collection sizes, and the year the installation took place.
    keywords: cjk; libraries; library; local; oclc; systems
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        item: #2982 of 5668
          id: crl-14677
      author: Gatten, Jeffrey N.
       title: Paradigm Restrictions on Interdisciplinary Research into Librarianship (Research Note)
        date: 1991-11-01
       words: 4910
      flesch: 52
     summary: These 15 authors ac- counted for only 8% of all the authors within library science source articles. For library science source articles, table 3 lists approximately 4.5% of all authors cited.
    keywords: articles; library; science; sociology; source
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        item: #2983 of 5668
          id: crl-14678
      author: Atkinson, Ross
       title: Library and Information Science Research: Perspectives and Strategies for Improvement (Book Review)
        date: 1991-11-01
       words: 1972
      flesch: 54
     summary: Hernon divides LIS research into basic research, 588 the discovery of knowledge and theory · building; applied research, which in- cludes the testing, confirmation, revision, and refutation of knowledge; and action research, the investigation of a problem as an aid for local decision making. Between Hernon and Lynch, we are presented with a variety of viewpoints on factors affecting LIS research, includ- ing national agendas and international aspects, ideology, LIS education, the role of different agencies and interest groups, and the function of research in different types of libraries.
    keywords: book; lis; research
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        item: #2984 of 5668
          id: crl-14679
      author: Wilson, Flo
       title: The Online Catalog: A Crtitical Examination of Public Use (Book Review)
        date: 1991-11-01
       words: 1398
      flesch: 57
     summary: Our knowledge of catalog use will be enhanced by the accu- mulation of more studies of this type, particularly those that examine all re- mote use, including that over local, cam- pus- or universitywide, and national networks-presumably each used by quite different populations. Peters undertakes a review of the literature in the first eight chapters of the book, citing much of what has been pub- lished on online catalogs.
    keywords: peters; use
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        item: #2985 of 5668
          id: crl-14680
      author: Campbell, James
       title: Pour Une Europe Du Livre (Book Review)
        date: 1991-11-01
       words: 1988
      flesch: 54
     summary: Remote access use of libraries and library catalogs will have a significant impact on libraries and their traditional role. Our knowledge of catalog use will be enhanced by the accu- mulation of more studies of this type, particularly those that examine all re- mote use, including that over local, cam- pus- or universitywide, and national networks-presumably each used by quite different populations.
    keywords: access; book; european
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14680.pdf
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        item: #2986 of 5668
          id: crl-14681
      author: Hutchinson, Heidi L.
       title: Bibliographic Access in Europe: First International Conference (Book Review)
        date: 1991-11-01
       words: 1297
      flesch: 55
     summary: Hardesty cites a number of stud- ies that show that college libraries serve primarily as study halls and reserve book collections, as they have for so many years. He also shows that an alarmingly large proportion of books purchased by college libraries is never used.
    keywords: bibliographic; european; library
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        item: #2987 of 5668
          id: crl-14684
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1991-11-01
       words: 1387
      flesch: 53
     summary: Within fifteen years, space pressure in the main library began to spin off a number of branch libraries, two of which were driven back into the main library by legislative pressures in the 1970s, and three of which are now being united into a science library. My experience with branch libraries indicates that collections are much more heavily used when they are in the same building as the offices and classrooms of their specialties.
    keywords: libraries; library; research
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        item: #2988 of 5668
          id: crl-14685
      author: Hernon, Peter
       title: Guest Editorial: LIS Extends to the Research Frontier
        date: 1992-01-01
       words: 1838
      flesch: 51
     summary: We might: • review research-based books produced in other professions and disciplines, noting the omission of important LIS procedural studies and coverage of the types of evaluations encountered in complex organizations, such as libraries and information centers; • conduct procedural and other types of research with investigators from other professions and disciplines, thereby altering the self-contained paradigm noted by Gatten; • expect more LIS faculty directing doc- toral students, and the students them- selves, to be well versed and experienced in the conduct of different types of re- search and the use of various theoret- ical frameworks; • offer special awards and prizes for such research; and • attend sessions of professional associ- ations in which researchers present procedural studies. LIS re- search-oriented journals, as well as funding organizations, ought to be sup- portive of such research.
    keywords: library; lis; research
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        item: #2989 of 5668
          id: crl-14686
      author: Medina, Sue O.
       title: The Evolution of Cooperative Collection Development in Alabama Academic Libraries
        date: 1992-01-01
       words: 6224
      flesch: 52
     summary: The Committee's first respon- sibility was to work with ACHE to de- velop a methodology for assessing the adequacy of library collections. First, NAAL required each member to complete conversion of its records for monographs and serials be- fore it would be eligible for funding for collection development.
    keywords: alabama; collection; development; institution; naal; network
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        item: #2990 of 5668
          id: crl-14687
      author: Sapp, Gregg
       title: Science Literacy: A Discussion and an Information-Based Definition
        date: 1992-01-01
       words: 5846
      flesch: 51
     summary: College and Research Libraries Science Literacy: A Discussion and an Information-based Definition Gregg Sapp Recently, science literacy has been the subject of much discussion in both the scholarly and popular press. The concept of science literacy encompasses two distinct but related dimensions: the first being concerns for the quality of scientific and technical education that American students receive at all levels, and the second being deficiencies and misconceptions that exist in the overall public understanding of science.
    keywords: american; information; literacy; new; public; science; science literacy; scientific; scientists
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14687.pdf
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        item: #2991 of 5668
          id: crl-14690
      author: Reser, David W.; Schuneman, Anita P.
       title: The Academic Library Job Market: A Content Analysis Comparing Public and Technical Services
        date: 1992-01-01
       words: 5980
      flesch: 49
     summary: The hypotheses tested in this study are: • Technical services jobs are more likely to include administrative responsibilities; • Technical services jobs are more likely to require computer skills; • Technical services jobs are more likely to require foreign-language skills; • Technical services jobs are more likely to require previous work experience; • There will be no difference in the re- quirement of an American Library As- sociation-accredited degree between public and technical services, but ad- vanced subject degrees will be more often required for public services jobs; and, finally, • Higher salaries will be associated with public services positions. These articles blame everything from li- brary school curricula and instruction methods to the perceived tedious nature of technical services jobs.
    keywords: academic; librarians; library; positions; public; services; technical
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        item: #2992 of 5668
          id: crl-14691
      author: Haley, Jean Walstrom; Talaga, James
       title: Academic Library Responses to Journal Price Discrimination
        date: 1992-01-01
       words: 5130
      flesch: 60
     summary: b. Informal resource-sharing agreements c. Notifying faculty of journal prices d. Formal complaints to publishers (as individual library) Informal resource-sharing agreements c. Notifying faculty of journal prices d. Formal complaints to publishers (as individual library)
    keywords: discrimination; journals; libraries; price
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        item: #2993 of 5668
          id: crl-14692
      author: Ensor, Pat
       title: User Characteristics of Keyword Searching in An OPAC (Research Note)
        date: 1992-01-01
       words: 4546
      flesch: 72
     summary: The user characteristics varied significantly with performance of keyword searching, fu- ture keyword searching plans, or lack of keyword searching. Which patrons use keyword searching, and which do not?
    keywords: computer; keyword; luis; searching
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14692.pdf
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        item: #2994 of 5668
          id: crl-14693
      author: Bailey, Charles W.
       title: Directory of Electronic Journals, Newsletters, and Academic Discussion Lists (Book Review)
        date: 1992-01-01
       words: 1233
      flesch: 53
     summary: More significantly, a handful of electronic journals emerged. Strange love created a direc- tory of e-serials that grouped them into three categories: electronic journals, elec- tronic newsletters, and HyperCard stacks, digest newsletters, and others.
    keywords: lists
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        item: #2995 of 5668
          id: crl-14694
      author: Jebb, Marcia
       title: LOGOS: The Professional Journal for the Book World (Book Review)
        date: 1992-01-01
       words: 1301
      flesch: 55
     summary: Contribu- tions range from Hans Zell's explanation of the crisis in book publishing in Africa to John Sumsion's analysis of Public Lending Right, with views from publishers regu- larly included (e.g., Frances Pinter's 'The Independent Publisher and Christopher Hurst's On Being Small, Commercial, and Scholarly). That the development of col- lege and university libraries in the United States, one of higher education's success stories, was accomplished with- out faculty status for librarians on many campuses is not addressed.
    keywords: book; logos
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        item: #2996 of 5668
          id: crl-14696
      author: Franco, Elaine A.
       title: The Bibliographic Record and Information Technology (Book Review)
        date: 1992-01-01
       words: 1862
      flesch: 52
     summary: One of the main points of this book is that librarians, not just the directors of libraries, must work to im- prove and to elevate the profession. In both practice and theory, the bib- liographic record is becoming more uniform across types of tools and agen- cies (libraries, archives, galleries, muse- ums).
    keywords: bibliographic; book; library
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        item: #2997 of 5668
          id: crl-14697
      author: Jenkins, Fred W.
       title: Scribes, Script, and Books: The Book Arts from Antiquity to the Renaissance (Book Review)
        date: 1992-01-01
       words: 1229
      flesch: 55
     summary: In addition to preserving and later restor- ing to the West many classical Greek scien- tific and philosophical works, the Islamic world introduced to Europe the Chinese inventions of paper and marbled paper. It will provide a real service to the non- specialist reader and student and will undoubtedly be widely used as a basic text in book history courses.-Fred W. Jenkins, University of Dayton, Ohio. ~llittvie SIXTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE For More Information: 50 East Huron Street Chicago, IL 60611-2795
    keywords: avrin; books
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        item: #2998 of 5668
          id: crl-14699
      author: Beaubien, Anne K.
       title: Guest Editorial: Image Counts
        date: 1992-03-01
       words: 838
      flesch: 59
     summary: We can volunteer to speak to local groups about the role of information in society (which will really focus on the capabilities of academic librarians and, hence, of academic libraries). Helping funnel bright individuals into library school programs is only part of the task, however.
    keywords: library; reference
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        item: #2999 of 5668
          id: crl-14701
      author: Seaman, Scott
       title: Online Catalog Failure as Reflected through InterLibrary Loan Error Requests
        date: 1992-03-01
       words: 4183
      flesch: 64
     summary: LCS auto- matically omits stoplist words when 118 College & Research Libraries doing an author I title or title search. A sample of the borrowing requests was sorted into user errors and catalog errors.
    keywords: catalog; online; title; user
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        item: #3000 of 5668
          id: crl-14703
      author: Faries, Cynthia
       title: Users' Reactions to CD-ROM: The Penn State Experience
        date: 1992-03-01
       words: 6292
      flesch: 61
     summary: Be- cause Penn State was one of the first academic libraries to install several CD- ROM products, the experiences and satisfaction of its clientele should prove valuable to other academic libraries as they implement CD-ROMs and more ad- vanced technological resources. Caroline Moore surveyed libraries using CD- ROM products in the United Kingdom while Jenny Stocks did a similar study of academic and special libraries using CD- R OMs in Australia.
    keywords: libraries; library; patrons; reference; rom; users
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        item: #3001 of 5668
          id: crl-14706
      author: Petersen, H. Craig
       title: The Economics of Economics Journals: A Statistical Analysis of Pricing Practices by Publishers (Research Note)
        date: 1992-03-01
       words: 2731
      flesch: 58
     summary: The results suggest that journal prices are not always cost based. The remaining 81 journals from the Liebowitz and Palmer ranking consti- tute the sample used here to investigate the determinants of journal prices.
    keywords: economics; journals; prices
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        item: #3002 of 5668
          id: crl-14707
      author: Okerson, Ann
       title: Newsletter on Serial Pricing Issues (Book Review)
        date: 1992-03-01
       words: 1932
      flesch: 55
     summary: The handbook is divided into nine sections covering paper and papermaking; the environment; care and handling of li- brary materials; binding and in-house repair; acid paper and brittle books; pho- tographic, audio, and magnetic media; surveys of buildings and collections; dis- aster preparedness and recovery; and preservation services, suppliers, and ed- ucational opportunities. My enthusiasm for early electronic networked serials does not stem from their meeting the same standards as print- on-paper publications, standards that have evolved over 500 years.
    keywords: electronic; newsletter; paper
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        item: #3003 of 5668
          id: crl-14708
      author: Roberts, Susanne F.
       title: A Library, Media, and Archival Preservation Handbook (Book Review)
        date: 1992-03-01
       words: 1331
      flesch: 52
     summary: For example, because of limitations on space, DePew deliberately excludes dis- cussion of the administration and or- ganization of preservation activities, referring readers to the Association of Research Libraries' Preservation Organi- zation and Staffing, SPEC Kit 160 (Wash- ington, D.C., 1990) and works by noted librarians in the field. Several aspects of this treatment are discussed, with more attention given to deacidification (fifteen pages), a tech- nology neither fully evolved nor widely used, at least on a large scale, than to preservation microfilming (eleven pages), photocopying (three pages), and digital techniques (two pages).
    keywords: preservation; research
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        item: #3004 of 5668
          id: crl-14709
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: Desktop Publishing in the University (Book Review)
        date: 1992-03-01
       words: 1324
      flesch: 53
     summary: It also entails the solicitation of manuscripts, quality control, and dis- tribution-controls that are missing in desktop publishing. College and Research Libraries nology neither fully evolved nor widely used, at least on a large scale, than to preservation microfilming (eleven pages), photocopying (three pages), and digital techniques (two pages).
    keywords: preservation; publishing
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        item: #3005 of 5668
          id: crl-14710
      author: Spohrer, James H.
       title: The Whole Library HandBook (Book Review)
        date: 1992-03-01
       words: 965
      flesch: 50
     summary: It is organized into chapters dealing with libraries as institu- tions, librarians, librarianship, library materials, library operations, special groups of library users, public relations, technology, current issues in the profes- sion, and library trivia. It will surely take its place next to the Botvker Annual and the American Library Di~ectory 'on the reference shelves of medium-sized to large libraries of all kinds, and it will just as certainly find its way into the hands of students, scholars, or general users anxious to find the win- ner of the 1956 Caldecott Medal or the significance of the tenth digit in the ISBN.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #3006 of 5668
          id: crl-14711
      author: St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Guest Editorial: Intellectual Property
        date: 1992-05-01
       words: 1568
      flesch: 52
     summary: The purpose of copyright laws is to encourage productivity by rewarding crea- tors for their labor and publishers for their commitment of capital. The idea of fair use only became a part of the law in the Copyright Act of 1976.
    keywords: copyright; fair; use
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        item: #3007 of 5668
          id: crl-14712
      author: Selth, Jeff; Koller, Nancy; Briscoe, Peter
       title: The Use of Books within the Library
        date: 1992-05-01
       words: 5215
      flesch: 67
     summary: High use books get 'less than their share' of browsing-use, but has also noticed that the figures in the tables provided show that as the number of recorded uses increases, the number , of browsing uses tends to decrease. Since the most practical application of book use research has always hinged on the question of whether circulation figures suffice to indicate the total use of a given volume, the key component of our find- ings is that of the books with no circula- tion but some in-library use.
    keywords: books; circulation; library; use; volumes
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        item: #3008 of 5668
          id: crl-14713
      author: Chadley, Otis A.
       title: Addressing Cultural Diversity in Academic and Research Libraries
        date: 1992-05-01
       words: 4914
      flesch: 41
     summary: Minority library staff now com- prise 20% of the library's work force. Perhaps of greatest significance to the future of academic research libraries is the state of minority enrollment in li- brary and information science.
    keywords: academic; diversity; libraries; library; minority; research
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        item: #3009 of 5668
          id: crl-14714
      author: Oberg, Larry R.; Mentges, Mark E.; McDermott, P. N.; Harusadangkul, Vitoon
       title: The Role, Status, and Working Conditions of Paraprofessionals: A National Survey of Academic Libraries
        date: 1992-05-01
       words: 11754
      flesch: 48
     summary: In a 1981 article en- titled Improving the Effectiveness of Li- braries through Improvements in the Quality of Working Life, Charles Mar- tell proposes a redesigned library work environment that he suggests will im- prove the services libraries offer and the ability of library staff to cope with rapid change and enhance the quality of li- ·brary work life.16 Robert E. Molyneux's Staff Patterns and Library Growth at ARL Libraries, 1962/63 to 1983/84, re- 218 College & Research Libraries views expenditures for personnel and reports an increase in the ratio of support staff to librarians. The data indicate that 93% of all responding ARL sample libraries require a high school degree of all or some of their paraprofessionals, 58% an associate degree, 76% a bachelor's degree, and 24% a graduate degree.
    keywords: arl; carnegie; classification; libraries; library; paraprofessionals; research; respondents; sample; staff; support
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        item: #3010 of 5668
          id: crl-14716
      author: Harris, Roma
       title: Bibliographic Instruction: The Views of Academic, Special, and Public librarians
        date: 1992-05-01
       words: 4279
      flesch: 51
     summary: For instance, Tom Eadie argued recently that user educa- tion is, essentially, useless when it is aimed at groups of library users, delivered on schedule and in anticipa- tion of questions that have not yet been asked, rather than on demand at point- of-service.1 Mary Huston suggested that instruc- tion should empower library users to operate from their own domain of ex- perience rather than from that of the librarian.3
    keywords: academic; instruction; librarians; library
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        item: #3011 of 5668
          id: crl-14717
      author: Schlichter, Doris J.; Pemberton, J. Michael
       title: The Emperor's New Clothes? Problems of the User Survey as a Planning Tool in Academic Libraries
        date: 1992-05-01
       words: 5534
      flesch: 50
     summary: Unfortunately, as Butler and Gratch note, much of the available litera- ture on library user surveys is descrip- tive and not easily transferable to the planning process.21 The user studies car- ried out by libraries are most frequently intended for evaluation of existing pro- grams and are very rarely employed for the planning of new programs and ser- . Another frequent problem with sur- veys is that they are directed at the user of library services and neglect the non- user, who is far more difficult to reach but who, even in a college or university environment, represents a significant portion of the population.
    keywords: academic; information; libraries; library; planning; research; user
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        item: #3012 of 5668
          id: crl-14718
      author: Sartori, Eva M.
       title: Raising Money for Academic and Research Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1992-05-01
       words: 1204
      flesch: 56
     summary: Although it does not get down to the level of detail provided by the Wall Street Journal, it provides a very good overview of the institutional framework and the basic strategies that allow library fund raisers, or development officers, as they are frequently called, to stage the kind of idiosyncratic event described above. The newspaper cited a particu- larly striking fund-raising activity called calf bingo used by the Sydney, Montana, public library, in which the winner is determined by a calf deposit on a giant board.
    keywords: fund; library
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        item: #3013 of 5668
          id: crl-14722
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1992-05-01
       words: 1189
      flesch: 48
     summary: Julie M. Hurd Performance Measures for Student Assistants Jane McGurn Kathman and Michael D. Kathman Renee N. Anderson, John D' Amicantonio, and Henry DuBois CD-ROM Software Evaluation: Comparison of Searching ERIC on IBM and Macintosh Edwin B. Spragg From .famzland to landfills, no one looks at the world like PAIS From U.S. farm subsidies to waste disposal regulations within the European Community, PAIS makes all of your public/ social policy searches fast and fruitful.
    keywords: library; pais; process
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        item: #3014 of 5668
          id: crl-14723
      author: Jenkins, Aletha H.
       title: Guest Editorial: Surviving the Flood
        date: 1992-07-01
       words: 923
      flesch: 45
     summary: The implementation of information technologies could not have happened at a worse time for academic librarians. Both the increase in the amount of infor- mation being produced and the im- plementation of information technology have occurred at a time when higher edu- cation institutions are rethinking the economic model for academic library fund- · ing.
    keywords: academic; information
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        item: #3015 of 5668
          id: crl-14724
      author: Hurd, Julie M.
       title: Interdisciplinary Research in the Sciences: Implications for Library Organization
        date: 1992-07-01
       words: 8692
      flesch: 46
     summary: f: Rank for foumal of Physics B, highest ranked of sections over 87% of the citations in the sampled articles were to journal articles. Herman H. Fussier ana- lyzed citations in the writings of chemists and physicists in one of the first studies of this type and determined a serial citation rate for chemists of 93%.20 Charles H. Brown reported 94% citations to serials in his monograph published several years after the Fussier article.21 Penelope Earle and Brian Vickery col- lected data from over 65,000 citations in a sample of books and journal articles produced over the course of a year by authors in the United Kingdom.
    keywords: articles; chemistry; citations; information; interdisciplinary; journal; library; research; science; use
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        item: #3016 of 5668
          id: crl-14725
      author: Kathman, Jane McGurn; Kathman, Michael D.
       title: Performance Measures for Student Assistants
        date: 1992-07-01
       words: 3798
      flesch: 59
     summary: These measures set expectations for performance and become management tools to motivate, eval- uate, and reward student employees as well as to improve student commitment and provide a sense of accomplishment in student jobs. '5 Having a set of perform- ance measures for jobs students are expected to perform will increase the effi- ciency and effectiveness of utilizing stu- dent employees in the library.
    keywords: job; measures; performance; student; work
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        item: #3017 of 5668
          id: crl-14726
      author: Buchanan, Nancy L.; Rupp-Serrano, Karen; LaGrange, Johanne
       title: The Effectiveness of a Projected Computerized Presentation in Teaching Online Library Catalog Searching
        date: 1992-07-01
       words: 6612
      flesch: 63
     summary: The stu- dents in these sections, plus students from three sections of the same course who did not view the presentation, then completed a library exercise on NOTIS use. The following sec- tion examines the differences in NOTIS use between viewers and nonviewers.
    keywords: library; nonviewers; notis; presentation; searching; viewers
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        item: #3018 of 5668
          id: crl-14728
      author: Anderson, Renee N.; D'Amicantonio, John; DuBois, Henry
       title: Labor Unions or Professional Organizations: Which Have Our First Loyalty?
        date: 1992-07-01
       words: 4272
      flesch: 47
     summary: Professors (AAUP), Service Employees International Union (SEIU), and the AFL- CIO, CFA is the largest union for higher education faculty in the United States, representing more than 20,000 individu- als, more than 8,000 of them currently holding union membership. Other reasons stated by respondents for maintaining union membership include: • It is the only effective means of dial- ogue on working conditions with Uni- versity management.
    keywords: california; librarians; membership; professional; union
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        item: #3019 of 5668
          id: crl-14729
      author: Spragg, Edwin B.
       title: CD-ROM Software Evaluation: Comparison of Searching ERIC on IBM and Macintosh
        date: 1992-07-01
       words: 5344
      flesch: 65
     summary: Objectives • To identify the major differences be- tween text-based and graphics-based software interfaces to bibliographic databases on CD-ROM by evaluating SilverPlatter's PC SPIRS and Mac- SPIRS software; • To identify the elements of the hard- ware systems and software biblio- graphic database interfaces that appeal to users in the access of infor- mation stored on CD-ROM; • To study user reaction to IBM hard- ware and SilverPlatter's PC SPIRS software in order to determine those features users regard as easy and effi- cient and those they consider difficult; • To study user reaction to Macintosh hardware and SilverPlatter's Mac- SPIRS software to determine those fea- tures users regard as easy and efficient and those they consider difficult; • To determine user preference for SilverPlatter's text-based, cursor-con- trolled interface or SilverPlatter's graphics-based, icon-controlled inter- face to information in the ERIC database on CD-ROM. Purpose The purpose of this evaluation was to compare user competence under, and user preference for, two varieties of search- and-retrieval software for bibliographic databases: (1) software based on a textual interface; and (2) software employing a graphical user interface.
    keywords: software; spirs; students; user
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14729.pdf
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        item: #3020 of 5668
          id: crl-14731
      author: Hewitt, Joe A.
       title: The Nature of Copyright: A Law of Users' Rights (Book Review)
        date: 1992-07-01
       words: 1309
      flesch: 57
     summary: It is not an in-depth treatment of case precedent nor a manual of copyright law, but an explana- tion of the underlying constitutional premises of copyright. Patterson and Lindberg's The Nature of Copyright: A Law of Users' Rights is a most timely and useful work that provides a legal and historical interpretation sup- porting many of the views of copyright held by librarians.
    keywords: copyright; law
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        item: #3021 of 5668
          id: crl-14732
      author: Campbell, James
       title: Writing Space: The Computer, Hypertext, and the History of Writing (Book Review)
        date: 1992-07-01
       words: 2158
      flesch: 59
     summary: When texts are infinitely mutable, it becomes meaningless to speak of a stable canon of standard texts. Bolter accepts that cultural unity is a thing of the past, but expects that computer texts and computer networks will allow like- minded people to come together and find some sense of communal purpose.
    keywords: copyright; reader; text
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        item: #3022 of 5668
          id: crl-14733
      author: Keller, Michael A.
       title: Scholarly Communication and Serials Prices (Book Review)
        date: 1992-07-01
       words: 1336
      flesch: 50
     summary: The concluding panel discussion iden- tifies three main themes arising in the conference (escalating serials prices, technological alternatives, pressures to publish), problems of traditional serials, alternatives to traditional serials, and presents observations on the possibili- ties of reducing published output. In the keynote address, Jack Meadows, chief librarian at Loughborough Univer- sity, provides an overview of the groups involved in the production and use of serials as well as the factors to be con- sidered in evaluating the current role of serials.
    keywords: research; scholarly; serials
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        item: #3023 of 5668
          id: crl-14734
      author: Bennett, Scott
       title: Economic Challenges in Higher Education (Book Review)
        date: 1992-07-01
       words: 1817
      flesch: 50
     summary: This book consists of three long economics essays on student demand for 366 College & Research Libraries higher education (Clotfelter), on the supply of college and university profes- · sors (Ehrenberg), and on costs and pro- ductivity in higher education (Getz and Siegfried). None of the essays makes any but passing reference to libraries, so the question is whether this book helps librarians understand the economics of higher education and therefore the bus- iness they are in.
    keywords: book; education; higher
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        item: #3024 of 5668
          id: crl-14735
      author: Shreeves, Edward
       title: Kallimachos (Book Review)
        date: 1992-07-01
       words: 1865
      flesch: 56
     summary: Such an undertaking demanded a critical un- derstanding of Greek language and lit- erature, since many works were known under a variety of titles or were falsely ascribed or attributed to several authors. But the style is often pedestrian and awkward, and occasionally nonidio- matic, if not incorrect (e.g., Certainly the Alexandrian grammarians found in these works many useful informations.).
    keywords: blum; information; kallimachos
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        item: #3025 of 5668
          id: crl-14738
      author: St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Editorial: Collegial and Administrative Interface in Faculty Governance
        date: 1992-09-01
       words: 1075
      flesch: 44
     summary: But ultimately, selection of the best candidate, at a given salary, is an administrative decision based on consultation with library faculty. My informal research indicates that library faculty have only very foggy ideas about the amount of money availa- ble for such discretionary items as travel, equipment, and supplies even in those in- stitutions with full disclosure.
    keywords: faculty; library
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        item: #3026 of 5668
          id: crl-14739
      author: Mitchell, W. Bede; Morton, Bruce
       title: On Becoming Faculty Librarians: Acculturation Problems and Remedies
        date: 1992-09-01
       words: 8437
      flesch: 46
     summary: On the other hand, the opportunity presented by entering into a sea-change period in which there will be a greening of graduate library school faculty offers 386 College & Research Libraries the possibility of developing faculty who can provide both positive role models and mentoring opportunities for graduate stu- dents who will become faculty librarians. Library Administrators Library administrators bear the re- sponsibility for formulating performance criteria for faculty librarians in accord with general faculty expectations at their insti- tution.
    keywords: academic; college; faculty; graduate; librarians; librarianship; library; research; students
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        item: #3027 of 5668
          id: crl-14740
      author: Butler, Meredith; Davis, Hiram
       title: Strategic Planning as a Catalyst for Change in the 1990s
        date: 1992-09-01
       words: 6856
      flesch: 45
     summary: Other goals realized by the experience included the opportunity for the director of libraries to work closely with the director of university planning on library planning and to exchange in- formation about trends in higher educa- tion and the external and internal environments and for the library staff to be seen by the director of university planning as knowledgeable about trends and issues in information management and as engaged in the academic life of the institution. As a result, the institu- tion's collective vision statement was unin- formed by the knowledge and wise counsel librarians could have contributed, and Strategic planning processes create opportunities for staff at all levels of the organization to inform themselves about the organization and its environment and empowers them to work creatively.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; planning; process; strategic; strategic planning; university
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        item: #3028 of 5668
          id: crl-14741
      author: Townley, Charles T.
       title: College Libraries and Resource Sharing: Testing A Compact Disc Union Catalog
        date: 1992-09-01
       words: 4760
      flesch: 46
     summary: Updated on a peri- odic basis from member library records, a CD-ROM union catalog offers the potential to achieve bibliographic con- trol necessary for effective college li- brary resource sharing. Assuring adequate bibliographic quality to permit identification of materials held in member libraries; 2.
    keywords: catalog; college; libraries; library; union
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        item: #3029 of 5668
          id: crl-14742
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1991-92
        date: 1992-09-01
       words: 9538
      flesch: 58
     summary: There are some titles in the list without any loca- tion: works found only in bibliographies. The bibliography is divided into three parts: (1) author /title catalog, listing works alphabetically by author, or by title for anonymous and corporate authors and works by more than three authors; (2) a list by publisher or printer, showing works chronologically arranged by year and then by author; (3) place of publication ar- ranged alphabetically by region and town, then by year and, within the year, by author.
    keywords: american; art; bibliography; entries; guide; index; literature; music; new; reference; volume; works
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        item: #3030 of 5668
          id: crl-14744
      author: Krompart, Janet
       title: Researching Faculty Status: A Selective Annotated Bibliography (Research Note)
        date: 1992-09-01
       words: 7168
      flesch: 52
     summary: College and Research Libraries Research Notes Researching Faculty Status: A Selective Annotated Bibliography Janet Krompart • he literature of librarian status, faculty status in particular, has a long history of continuous publication that shows no sign of abating. Fred Batt has identified nine categories (bibliogra- phies, surveys, position papers, etc.) into which it can be divided.3 No matter how it is analyzed, this literature includes at least four kinds of information: • A record of the Association of College and Research Libraries' long-term effort to establish a strong role for academic librarians; • The experiences of librarians who seek appropriate status in their institutions; • Survey reports which quantify aca- demic librarians' working conditions and views and record traditional faculty members' and others' assessments of librarians' contributions to academe; • The views of those who support or oppose faculty status, advice to librar- ians, and other expressions of opinion.
    keywords: academic; college; faculty; faculty status; librarians; library; notes; research; status
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        item: #3031 of 5668
          id: crl-14745
      author: Brogan, Martha L.
       title: Communicating Ideas (Book Review)
        date: 1992-09-01
       words: 5447
      flesch: 53
     summary: Given the breadth of Horowitz's experience, it should come as no surprise that he is an active speaker on the conference circuit, appearing before such audiences as the Modern Language Association, the Society for Scholarly Publishing, and the National Information Standards Organi- zation. From Computer Revolution to Intellectual Counter- Revolution Chapter 8: Scholarly Communication and Academic Publishing Chapter9: Expropriating Ideas-the Politics of Global Publishing Journal of Infonnation Sdence, with Mary E. Curtis Book Research Quarterly 'The Informational Basis of Social Science Publishing.
    keywords: chapter; horowitz; ideas; publishing; research; scholarly; science
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        item: #3032 of 5668
          id: crl-14747
      author: Atkinson, Ross
       title: Contending Rhetorics: Writing in Academic Disciplines (Book Review)
        date: 1992-09-01
       words: 2417
      flesch: 57
     summary: Con- tending Rhetorics is an attempt by George L. Dillon, a professor of English at the University of Washington, to sort out and evaluate some of the main recent contributions to the study of how differ- ent academic disciplines use written lan- guage to create and regulate themselves. Useful and insightful comments are cer- tainly made along the way, but one mis- ses any effort to pull all of these varied ideas into any kind of meaningful whole or vision that would provide some over- view of the current state of the study of academic discourse.
    keywords: academic; book; discourse; social
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        item: #3033 of 5668
          id: crl-14748
      author: Wolven, Robert
       title: The Evolution of Library Automation: Management Issues and Future Perspectives (Book Review)
        date: 1992-09-01
       words: 2417
      flesch: 57
     summary: Con- tending Rhetorics is an attempt by George L. Dillon, a professor of English at the University of Washington, to sort out and evaluate some of the main recent contributions to the study of how differ- ent academic disciplines use written lan- guage to create and regulate themselves. Useful and insightful comments are cer- tainly made along the way, but one mis- ses any effort to pull all of these varied ideas into any kind of meaningful whole or vision that would provide some over- view of the current state of the study of academic discourse.
    keywords: academic; book; discourse; social
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        item: #3034 of 5668
          id: crl-14749
      author: Pankake, Marcia Jean
       title: Library Communication (Book Review)
        date: 1992-09-01
       words: 1101
      flesch: 53
     summary: Characteristically, many of the essays begin with easy, self-evident, or unsub- stantiated generalizations: Perhaps no area of library leadership receives so much criticism as the area of com- munication; Communication is one of the most discussed topics in libraries; Conflict is one of our most difficult areas for communication because we generally feel strongly about the issues involved in the situation. Similarly, many conclude vaguely: In short, growing to greatness as a library com- municator is a never-ending process; 'Through the preceding steps and the use of positive communication skills, we can takeourpositionofleadership; An appropriate response, then, to those who urge greater leadership from librarians, and for those who desire to exert more leadership in the world outside the pro- fession, is attention to increasing our communication skills.
    keywords: communication; leadership
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        item: #3035 of 5668
          id: crl-14750
      author: Wall, Matthew
       title: From Memex to Hypertext: Vannevar Bush and the Mind's Machine (Book Review)
        date: 1992-09-01
       words: 1473
      flesch: 46
     summary: Characteristically, many of the essays begin with easy, self-evident, or unsub- stantiated generalizations: Perhaps no area of library leadership receives so much criticism as the area of com- munication; Communication is one of the most discussed topics in libraries; Conflict is one of our most difficult areas for communication because we generally feel strongly about the issues involved in the situation. Like bad politicians, we aspiring library leaders stand here mouthing platitudes with our feet carefully parallel, claiming a position of leadership and hoping no one will notice we are doing nothing.-Marcia
    keywords: bush; communication; information
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        item: #3036 of 5668
          id: crl-14751
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1992-09-01
       words: 750
      flesch: 49
     summary: ACRL publications provide practical ideas, tools, and methods for: Management Bibliographic Instruction Collection Development Special Collections Statistics & Research The convenient and cost,cutting ACRL Approval Order Plan provides automatic priority shipping of ACRL's new books at a 20% discount to ACRL members (10% to nonmembers). However, I believe that in the case of academic libraries, another audience needs to be targeted very strongly: accreditation teams.
    keywords: acrl; research
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        item: #3037 of 5668
          id: crl-14754
      author: Hernon, Peter; Metoyer-Duran, Cheryl
       title: Literature Reviews and Inaccurate Referencing: An Exploratory Study of Academic Librarians
        date: 1992-11-01
       words: 8426
      flesch: 48
     summary: These interviews pro- November 1992 duced qualitative data.20 As such, the in- vestigators were able to probe some simi- larities and differences among participants at the same and different institutions, get feedback on topics for further research, and develop insights into participants' views of library literature and the con- duct of literature reviews. The primary objectives of this explora- tory study were to identify: • Perceptions about LIS literature, its quality and value; • Perceptions about the list of references appearing in LIS journal articles--their adequacy (extent to which all major stud-ies of direct relevance are included) and extent of inaccurate referencing; • How librarians conduct literature re- views and the extent to which they search the literature comprehensively; and • Suggestions for ways to make the con- duct of literature reviews easier while improving access to more source material.
    keywords: information; journals; librarians; library; literature; references; research; science
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        item: #3038 of 5668
          id: crl-14755
      author: Suozzi, Patricia A.; Kerbel, Sandra S.
       title: The Organizational Misfits
        date: 1992-11-01
       words: 5469
      flesch: 46
     summary: The model the authors are pro- posing is that of departmental libraries in a college or university. This dearth of analysis can be attributed to the fact that the role of departmental libraries in the library or- ganization is neither well defined nor well understood.
    keywords: academic; departmental; departmental libraries; libraries; library; organizational; structure
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        item: #3039 of 5668
          id: crl-14756
      author: Kingma, Bruce R.; Eppard, Philip B.
       title: Journal Price Escalation and the Market for Information: The Librarians' Solution
        date: 1992-11-01
       words: 6608
      flesch: 57
     summary: The change in library subscription prices de- pends on, among other things, the librar- ies' elasticity of demand for journal subscriptions. In fact, if higher copying costs do induce more individuals to subscribe and thereby influence publishers to re- duce journal subscription prices to li- braries, then the net effect will be that the library has more money to subscribe to more journals, thereby enhancing access to information.
    keywords: cost; journal; library; market; price; subscriptions
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14756.pdf
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        item: #3040 of 5668
          id: crl-14757
      author: Bustion, Marifran; Eltinge, John; Harer, John
       title: On the Merits of Direct Observation of Periodical Usage: An Empirical Study
        date: 1992-11-01
       words: 7020
      flesch: 54
     summary: To reduce the effect of observer fatigue on recorded use counts, no stu- dent worker observed aisles for more than two hours at a time. Studies addressing concerns of use studies include Robert N. Broadus, The Measure- ment of Periodicals Use, Serials Review 11:57-61 (Summer 1985); Maurice B. Line and Alexander Sandison, Practical Interpretation of Citation and Library Use Studies, College & Research Libraries 36:393-96 (Sept. 1975);
    keywords: counts; direct; faculty; observation; periodical; student; study; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14757.pdf
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        item: #3041 of 5668
          id: crl-14758
      author: West, Sharon M.
       title: Information Delivery Strategies and the Rural Student
        date: 1992-11-01
       words: 4929
      flesch: 58
     summary: Along with this development has been the demand for library services for these distance learners. Along with the development of dis- tance education has been the corre- sponding demand for library services for distance learners.
    keywords: campus; information; library; rural; services; students; university
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        item: #3042 of 5668
          id: crl-14759
      author: Barschall, H. H.; Haeberli, W.
       title: Conference Proceedings in Physics (Research Note)
        date: 1992-11-01
       words: 2311
      flesch: 60
     summary: The listing of conference proceedings in Volume 25 of the Science, Engineer- ing, Medicine, Technology (SEMT) part of InterDok contains about 3,200 pub- lished proceedings. Consequently, the quality of the contributed papers ap- pearing in conference proceedings is often inferior to that of regular journals, even if the proceedings are published in the same journal.
    keywords: journals; proceedings
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        item: #3043 of 5668
          id: crl-14760
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: The Information Environment: A Reader (Book Review)
        date: 1992-11-01
       words: 1237
      flesch: 54
     summary: The collection is divided into eight chapters: 1) Information and the Nature of Information Science, 2) The Transfor- mation of Society, 3) Technology and In- formation Work, 4) Information Supply, 5) Information Use, 6) Information and the Individual, 7) Information and Pub- lic Policy, and 8) Information Ethics. The infor- mation environment is seen as a product of developments in computing and tele- communications that have revolutionized the speed and quantity of information .
    keywords: collection; information
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        item: #3044 of 5668
          id: crl-14761
      author: McKinzie, Steve
       title: Knowledge, Power, and the Congress (Book Review)
        date: 1992-11-01
       words: 1341
      flesch: 56
     summary: Other prominent themes are the information economy (information as a new resource replacing capital and labor), the dangers of information con- trol, and the commercialization of infor- mation. The testing ground for these asser- tions about information and knowledge is the United States Congress.
    keywords: information; knowledge
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        item: #3045 of 5668
          id: crl-14763
      author: O'Donnell, James J.
       title: The Idea of the University: A Reexamination (Book Review)
        date: 1992-11-01
       words: 2512
      flesch: 61
     summary: Elliott, associate curator at the Harvard University archives, is himself a scholar and in the past twenty years has produced a series of reference books that have become indispensable tools for research in science history. While the anniversary cele- bration might have called for a series of synoptic essays, each providing an over- view of the history of a particular scien- tific discipline· in the Harvard context, Science at Harvard University makes no pretense of such completeness.
    keywords: book; harvard; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14763.pdf
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        item: #3046 of 5668
          id: crl-14764
      author: Lehmann, Stephen
       title: Educating Black Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1992-11-01
       words: 498
      flesch: 67
     summary: The volume is, in effect, a Festschrift for Eskil Bjorklund, retiring director of the Re- search on Higher Education Program at the Swedish National Board of Universities Book Reviews 577 ... SHORT NOTICES Educating Black Librarians: Papers from the 50th Anniversary Celebra- tion of the School of Library and In- formation Sciences, North Carolina Central University.
    keywords: research
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        item: #3047 of 5668
          id: crl-14765
      author: Walther, Robert
       title: University and Society: Essays on the Social Role of Research and Higher Education (Book Review)
        date: 1992-11-01
       words: 1133
      flesch: 62
     summary: The essays are of two kinds: (1) case studies of particular issues in specific countries (e.g., the Historiker- streit among West German scholars con- cerning the Nazi era; the impact of nineteenth-century student activism on the formation of Swedish research univer- sities; the role of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Develop- ment in setting research agendas); and (2) concise general surveys of larger themes (e.g., the exceptionalism of American higher education; the growing fragmen- tation of research, teaching and study; the dominance of scientific discourse in . It contains eighteen essays by an international set of scholars focus- ing on the creation of expert knowl- edge through university research and on the social and economic role of that knowledge in the United States and European countries.
    keywords: book; education; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14765.pdf
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        item: #3048 of 5668
          id: crl-14766
      author: Walther, Robert
       title: Theodore Besterman, Bibliographer and Editor (Book Review)
        date: 1992-11-01
       words: 639
      flesch: 59
     summary: The essays are of two kinds: (1) case studies of particular issues in specific countries (e.g., the Historiker- streit among West German scholars con- cerning the Nazi era; the impact of nineteenth-century student activism on the formation of Swedish research univer- sities; the role of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Develop- ment in setting research agendas); and (2) concise general surveys of larger themes (e.g., the exceptionalism of American higher education; the growing fragmen- tation of research, teaching and study; the dominance of scientific discourse in . It contains eighteen essays by an international set of scholars focus- ing on the creation of expert knowl- edge through university research and on the social and economic role of that knowledge in the United States and European countries.
    keywords: education; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14766.pdf
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        item: #3049 of 5668
          id: crl-14767
      author: Walther, Robert
       title: The Politics of Liberal Education (Book Review)
        date: 1992-11-01
       words: 639
      flesch: 59
     summary: The essays are of two kinds: (1) case studies of particular issues in specific countries (e.g., the Historiker- streit among West German scholars con- cerning the Nazi era; the impact of nineteenth-century student activism on the formation of Swedish research univer- sities; the role of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Develop- ment in setting research agendas); and (2) concise general surveys of larger themes (e.g., the exceptionalism of American higher education; the growing fragmen- tation of research, teaching and study; the dominance of scientific discourse in . It contains eighteen essays by an international set of scholars focus- ing on the creation of expert knowl- edge through university research and on the social and economic role of that knowledge in the United States and European countries.
    keywords: education; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14767.pdf
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        item: #3050 of 5668
          id: crl-14770
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1992-11-01
       words: 1424
      flesch: 59
     summary: The flaw is that 66 percent of the viewers and only 30 percent of the nonviewers are sophisticated in library use by reason of their being nonfreshman. It is fairly obvious to any librarian that an upperclassman is bound to be somewhat more experienced in library use than a freshman.
    keywords: contest; library; pais
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14770.pdf
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        item: #3051 of 5668
          id: crl-14771
      author: St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Editorial: Elysian Thoughts on Librarians as Faculty
        date: 1993-01-01
       words: 1727
      flesch: 47
     summary: The Think Tank ascribed to the convic- tion that ACRL played several key roles in furthering a goal of faculty status for librarians. College and university admin- istrators continue to face the prospect of either supplying scarce additional finan- cial resources to libraries to cover serials cost increases or listening to faculty com- plain about a lack of support for essen- tial academic programs when serials cuts are instituted because of declining buying power.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; think
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14771.pdf
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        item: #3052 of 5668
          id: crl-14772
      author: Blumenthal, Caroline; Howard, Mary Jo; Kinyon, William R.
       title: The Impact of CD-ROM Technology on a Bibliographic Instruction Program
        date: 1993-01-01
       words: 3490
      flesch: 58
     summary: David C. Taylor, Reference ROMs: Six Implications for Libraries Building CD-ROM Database Services, American Libraries 20(May 1989):454. Early in 1987, the Pullen Library fac- ulty decided to respond to the new CD- ROM technology coming into the mar- ketplace.
    keywords: library; rom; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14772.pdf
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        item: #3053 of 5668
          id: crl-14773
      author: Grumling, Dennis K.; Sheehy, Carolyn A.
       title: Professional Development Program:Training for Success Within Academic Librarianship
        date: 1993-01-01
       words: 3769
      flesch: 48
     summary: Both of these Fellows (one male and one female) entered the program when they were forty-six years old, both had previous nonlibrary careers, and both have since left the institutions that sponsored them to assume library positions with greater administrative responsibility. Respondents were asked to give some background information and to rate the PDP on professional contacts and program content for each position held during or after the program.
    keywords: fellows; professional; program
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        item: #3054 of 5668
          id: crl-14774
      author: Liu, Ziming
       title: Difficulties and Characteristics of Students from Developing Countries in Using American Libraries
        date: 1993-01-01
       words: 4171
      flesch: 55
     summary: Recommendations are offered for improving library services for foreign students. • ince World War II, and espe- cially since the 1970s, the number of foreign students in American institutions of higher education has consistently increased.
    keywords: american; foreign; libraries; library; students
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        item: #3055 of 5668
          id: crl-14776
      author: Parmer, Coleen; East, Dennis
       title: Job Satisfaction Among Support Staff in Twelve Ohio Academic Libraries
        date: 1993-01-01
       words: 7178
      flesch: 55
     summary: The research emphasized the role and impact of management upon worker satisfaction and productiv- ity and suggested that managers use the findings to determine strengths and weaknesses within their organizations.9 Using the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), Asadollah Azad measured job satisfaction among para- professionals.· efining job satisfaction accu- rately and adequately is no easy task.
    keywords: job; library; satisfaction; staff; support; work; workers
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14776.pdf
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        item: #3056 of 5668
          id: crl-14777
      author: Cyzyk, Mark
       title: Canon Formation, Library Collections, and the Dilemma of Collection Development
        date: 1993-01-01
       words: 5677
      flesch: 52
     summary: The worth of a work is insidiously, fundamentally, so- cially, and historically mediated.7 COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT Such a relativistic stance regarding how canons are formed and evolve, if accepted, has profound importance for the self-conception of the goals and pur- poses of library collection development. In so doing, the relevance of current literary research surrounding canon formation to collection development is suggested.
    keywords: canon; collection; collection development; development; library; research; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14777.pdf
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        item: #3057 of 5668
          id: crl-14779
      author: Spohrer, James Henry
       title: Der Buchdruck in der Frühen Neuzeit (Book Review)
        date: 1993-01-01
       words: 1236
      flesch: 41
     summary: Although the title Cataloging Heresy might suggest that this book proposes radically different ways of looking at cat- aloging and bibliographic control, it is in- stead a rather useful overview of some of the problems with uniform titles, subject headings, classification, and the descrip- tion of special types of library materials. In all these areas, and ·in many, many more instances, the author documents his view that the arrival of book technology swept away the chief ideological underpinnings of medieval and classical thought and paved the way for the rise of modern social, economic, and political structures in Europe.
    keywords: book; congress; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14779.pdf
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        item: #3058 of 5668
          id: crl-14780
      author: Tillett, Barbara B.
       title: Cataloging Heresy: Challenging the Standard Bibliographic Product (Book Review)
        date: 1993-01-01
       words: 1338
      flesch: 50
     summary: The papers examine what data should be included in these shared bibliographic records and how those data might be altered in response to a given collection, special type of material, or special user group. The article by Sook-Hyun Kim examines the practice of including serials holdings information in notes in bibliographic records, rather than relegating such information to a linked holdings record.
    keywords: bibliographic; cataloging; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14780.pdf
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        item: #3059 of 5668
          id: crl-14781
      author: Lowood, Henry
       title: Collection Management: A New Treatise (Book Review)
        date: 1993-01-01
       words: 1359
      flesch: 56
     summary: The treatment of specific kinds of collec- tions, types of resources, and modes of selection activity points to the transfor- mation from functional, at times peda- gogical, concerns to broader issues in New Treatise. Charles Osburn and Ross Atkinson, in their brief forward, emphasize the dynamism, evolu- tion, diversity, and challenges evident in collection management, and they appear to have accepted as their primary goal the provision of a forum for critiques, new ideas, revisions, and glimpses of future directions.
    keywords: collection; new; treatise
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14781.pdf
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        item: #3060 of 5668
          id: crl-14783
      author: Carpenter, Eric
       title: The Collection Building Reader (Book Review)
        date: 1993-01-01
       words: 1312
      flesch: 56
     summary: Of the thirty-three articles only one concerns school libraries, six focus on public libraries, and the remainder are on academic libraries. Although timeliness is extremely im- portant in collection development, Zielinska and Bell's article on the selection of foreign- language materials for public libraries, for example, was originally published in 1980 and is updated only by a sh<?rt addendum.
    keywords: articles; collection
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14783.pdf
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        item: #3061 of 5668
          id: crl-14786
      author: Lehmann, Stephen; Walther, Robert
       title: Guest Editorial: Our View of Reviewing
        date: 1993-03-01
       words: 915
      flesch: 55
     summary: When book reviews work, they serve a variety of important functions in a profession or discipline. One need only consider journals such as American His- torical Review, Contemporary Sociology, Con- temporary Psychology or Notes-all pub- lished by professional associations-to see how book reviews can help articulate and shape the best thinking in a discip- line.
    keywords: book
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        item: #3062 of 5668
          id: crl-14787
      author: Chrzastowski, Tina E.; Schmidt, Karen A.
       title: Surveying the Damage: Academic Library Serial Cancellations 1987-88 through 1989-90
        date: 1993-03-01
       words: 5385
      flesch: 58
     summary: There have not been any published re- ports on longitudinal studies comparing serial title cancellations in different li- braries. Results of the study showed that, of 6,503 cancelled titles, only 281 (4 percent) were cancelled at more than one library, resulting in 6,222 (96 percent) unique title cancellations within this survey.
    keywords: cancellations; libraries; percent; serial; titles
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        item: #3063 of 5668
          id: crl-14788
      author: Giesecke, Joan
       title: Recognizing Multiple Decision-Making Models: A Guide for Managers
        date: 1993-03-01
       words: 6277
      flesch: 47
     summary: Garbage can processes are apt to be most evident when organizations have to deal with issues that are perceived to be important. CONCLUSIONS Utility of the Models One conclusion of the case study was the demonstration that political-bar- gaining and garbage can processes can exist in the same decision-making situa- tion and managers can use the frame- work presented here to distinguish between the different approaches.
    keywords: decision; making; model; participants; process
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        item: #3064 of 5668
          id: crl-14789
      author: Butler, John T.
       title: A Current Awareness Service Using Microcomputer Databases and Electronic Mail
        date: 1993-03-01
       words: 5061
      flesch: 51
     summary: The results of these tailored searches are then routinely for- warded to service participants. This is impor- tant to note because many cost analyses of current awareness services represent only direct costs, as usually paid to a commercial vendor, and do not factor the costs of profiling activities or as- sociated clerical activities.
    keywords: awareness; current; faculty; information; libraries; literature; results; service
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        item: #3065 of 5668
          id: crl-14790
      author: Gerhard, Kristin H.; Jacobson, Trudi E.; Williamson, Susan G.
       title: Indexing Adequacy and Interdisciplinary Journals: The Case of Women's Studies
        date: 1993-03-01
       words: 5347
      flesch: 54
     summary: To avoid du- plication, the authors' guideline is to suggest that scholarly journals not yet covered by a women's studies index be added to Women Studies Abstracts, and that more general women's studies jour- nals be added to Women's Studies Index. Accordingly, the authors recommend that Women Studies Abstracts add eight titles.
    keywords: index; indexes; indexing; journals; studies; women
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        item: #3066 of 5668
          id: crl-14791
      author: Shonrock, Diana; Mulder, Craig
       title: Instruction Librarians: Acquiring the Proficiencies Critical to their Work
        date: 1993-03-01
       words: 6824
      flesch: 54
     summary: • ver the years, librarians have provided a variety of different types of library instruction. 12 For the purpose of this study, BI in- cluded orientation to the library and its resources, course-integrated instruction, library research skills courses, online catalog and CD-ROM instruction, online searching demonstration, and term paper advisory services.
    keywords: ability; education; instruction; librarians; library; proficiencies
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        item: #3067 of 5668
          id: crl-14792
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1992
        date: 1993-03-01
       words: 7454
      flesch: 60
     summary: Although the bicentennials of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights in 1987 and 1989 have produced a spate of reference works on constitutional and court history, all libraries will want to own the convenient and complete Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court. AJ6) usually includes Part B, the list of source works added, as front matter in many of the volumes of Part C.
    keywords: articles; bibliography; guide; history; index; new; reference; sources; subject; york
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        item: #3068 of 5668
          id: crl-14793
      author: Lowry, Charles B.
       title: The Status of Faculty Status for Academic Librarians:A Twenty-Year Perspective (Research Note)
        date: 1993-03-01
       words: 4888
      flesch: 55
     summary: This data provides a twenty-year retrospective of librarians' status and indicates that 67 percent of higher education institutions grant them faculty status. In general, faculty status for librarians has been vigorously expanded during the same period, though the process has slowed in recent years.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; percent; status
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        item: #3069 of 5668
          id: crl-14794
      author: Atkinson, Ross
       title: Redesigning Library Services: A Manifesto (Book Review)
        date: 1993-03-01
       words: 1265
      flesch: 54
     summary: If this book is any indication of the wisdom and facility with which libraries are prepar- ing for the advent of the online age, then the future of library services is indeed dim.-Ross Atkinson, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. The major challenges facing the future of library collections in the online era, such as the relationship between libraries and the publishing in- dustry, and the need to redefine intellec- tual ownership are mentioned but are not discussed.
    keywords: library; paper
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        item: #3070 of 5668
          id: crl-14796
      author: Schenck, William Z.
       title: Australian Studies: Acquisition and Collection Development for Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1993-03-01
       words: 1308
      flesch: 49
     summary: The book contains eighteen es- says divided into five broad areas- Demand for Australian Collections; Australian Publishing; Selecting and Purchasing Australian Publications; Australian Collections (Experience in Three Countries); and Special Needs and their Solution. Several articles also provide informa- tion on Australian collections outside Australia.
    keywords: australian; libraries
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        item: #3071 of 5668
          id: crl-14797
      author: Wilson, Flo
       title: The Online Catalog Book: Essays and Examples (Book Review)
        date: 1993-03-01
       words: 1366
      flesch: 59
     summary: His purpose in writing and compiling The Online Catalog Book is to discuss current issues in catalog design ·and to offer existing catalogs as sources of ideas for new and revised catalogs. This volume begins with eleven essays by Walt Crawford on the elements of online catalog design.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #3072 of 5668
          id: crl-14798
      author: Burger, Robert H.
       title: Russian Libraries in Transition: An Anthology of Glasnost Literature (Book Review)
        date: 1993-03-01
       words: 1193
      flesch: 62
     summary: Part 3, Soviet Libraries and Democracy: Directions for the Future, focuses on ini- tiatives and actions by librarians outside the traditional bounds of party control, including formation of library associa- tions, participatory management in librar- ies, and library education. As more people have spoken and written without repression about the terrible con- ditions, inadequate support, and mind- less censorship and as more deficiencies in library policies and facilities have been uncovered, dissident opinions have begun to be published in mainstream library pe- riodicals and non-Party library associa- tions have been formed.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #3073 of 5668
          id: crl-14804
      author: Lehmann, Stephen
       title: Academic Libraries: Achieving Excellence in Higher Education. Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference of the Association of College and Research Libraries, Salt Lake City, Utah, April 12-14, 1992 (Book Review)
        date: 1993-03-01
       words: 661
      flesch: 60
     summary: In addition to the fifty-two con- tributed papers given at the 1992 ACRL conference, this collection includes the texts of the four theme papers (by Julian Bond, Paul Saffo, Catherine R. Stimpson, and W. David Penniman) and summaries-some substantial, too many only a sentence-of the program sessions. It is divided into large chrono- logical sections, with separate chapters in each by over seventy writers (includ- ing many librarians) on subjects such as the Bibliotheque Nationale, municipal li- braries, academic libraries, library archi- tecture, sociology of reading, and documentation centers.
    keywords: libraries; papers
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        item: #3074 of 5668
          id: crl-14806
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1993-03-01
       words: 3736
      flesch: 56
     summary: Even if they did, added revenues of $180,000 would allow them to reduce the cost of a library subscription only by a bit more than $100 (and it is unlikely that such revenues would be used to reduce library costs). It is good to read that strategic planning is going well in academic libraries (Meredith Butler and Hiram Davis, Strategic Planning as a Catalyst for Change in the 1990s, College & Research Libraries, 53:393-403, Sept. 1992), but not so good that some early pioneers are still being overlooked in the current literature of library planning.
    keywords: journal; libraries; library; planning; publishers
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        item: #3075 of 5668
          id: crl-14807
      author: St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Editorial: Improving Quality: An Editor's Advice to Authors
        date: 1993-05-01
       words: 1475
      flesch: 56
     summary: Many articles currently rejected could con- tribute to solving library problems. In the next issue, Herb White questions whether peer reviewing for journal publications serves its quality control purposes, and Peter Hernon and his colleagues analyze the results of a comparison between papers accepted by C&RL and those re- jected through the past decade.
    keywords: journal; libraries; research
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        item: #3076 of 5668
          id: crl-14808
      author: Atkinson, Ross
       title: Networks, Hypertext, and Academic Information Services: Some Longer-Range Implications
        date: 1993-05-01
       words: 10957
      flesch: 51
     summary: While such a function has many uses, the one that is most frequently noted, as in Nicole Yankelovich' s definition above, is for purposes of increasing the applica- tion and extent of bibliographic citations (i.e., surrogate references to other texts). Finally, there is what we might call the functional net- work, that includes the rules or gram- mar-not only technical (e.g., protocols), but also administrative and legal-which 202 College & Research Libraries regulate the network's operation.16 While information services have in the past been concerned primarily with the extended network, it will become increasingly im- portant for academic information services to participate more actively in the direc- tion and operation of the functional net- work as well.
    keywords: environment; hypertext; information; need; network; online; publication; reader; scholarly; services; text
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        item: #3077 of 5668
          id: crl-14809
      author: Walch, David B.
       title: The 1986 College Library Standards: Application and Utilization
        date: 1993-05-01
       words: 5193
      flesch: 58
     summary: There have been several iterations of college library standards and guidelines since the 1920s. The initial part of the survey sought demographic data, such as student en- rollment, faculty size, number of librari- ans and library support staff, and number of majors offered at the ba- chelor's, master's, and Ph.D. levels.
    keywords: college; formula; libraries; library; standards
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        item: #3078 of 5668
          id: crl-14811
      author: Spang, Lothar
       title: Collective Bargaining and Faculty Status: A Twenty-Year Case Study of Wayne State University Librarians
        date: 1993-05-01
       words: 7547
      flesch: 50
     summary: From the 1970s through the early 1980s, WSU librarians achieved near parity with faculty in compensation, job security, and governrznce matters. Tracing the successes and failures of WSU librarians in their quest for faculty status reveals the profound challenges of seeking such status through collective bargaining.
    keywords: bargaining; contract; faculty; librarians; salary; status; tenure; university
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        item: #3079 of 5668
          id: crl-14812
      author: Horenstein, Bonnie
       title: Job Satisfaction of Academic Librarians: An Examination of the Relationships Between Satisfaction, Faculty Status, and Participation
        date: 1993-05-01
       words: 7549
      flesch: 56
     summary: In addition, the sum of re- sponses to items 33 to 53, which related to the various aspects of job satisfaction, was calculated for each respondent as a measure of overall job satisfaction. May1993 Librarians reported above satisfactory levels of overall job satisfaction.
    keywords: faculty; job; librarians; library; satisfaction; status
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        item: #3080 of 5668
          id: crl-14813
      author: Wilson, Patrick
       title: Change and Challenge in Library and Information Science Education (Book Review)
        date: 1993-05-01
       words: 1237
      flesch: 52
     summary: Her ig- May1993 norance of information science is crip- pling and dangerous; if others were to take her book as a competent account of the current state of research in LIS, it could be the end of LIS education in research universities. She thinks the relationship between librarianship and information science is probably the most complex intellectual problem faced by LIS education; with big political and economic consequences-whiCh she does not address, except to suggest that .information science and scientists are likely to split off from library education.
    keywords: information; science
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        item: #3081 of 5668
          id: crl-14814
      author: Broidy, Ellen
       title: Librarianship: The Erosion of a Woman's Profession (Book Review)
        date: 1993-05-01
       words: 2021
      flesch: 47
     summary: It has to be said that this is a pro- foundly reactionary book, showing a strong distaste for the kind of research, development, and professional practice in information work that is gradually growing from deep roots in bibliogra- phy and librarianship. Reading Librarianship: The Erosion of a Woman's Profession against the backdrop of this supposed woman's year, however, brought a heavy dose of reality, reminding one how far librarians have come and how terribly far we, as individuals and as a profession, have yet togo.
    keywords: harris; librarianship; work
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        item: #3082 of 5668
          id: crl-14815
      author: Roberts, Susanne F.
       title: Advances in Preservation and Access, v1, 1992 (Book Review)
        date: 1993-05-01
       words: 1974
      flesch: 50
     summary: The importance of access and its critical link to preservation emerges from a number of the essays, as does the pervasiveness of preservation concerns in every aspect of library operations. The relative novelty and special na- ture of preservation concerns for the ar- chival world merit a separate section.
    keywords: issues; library; preservation
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        item: #3083 of 5668
          id: crl-14818
      author: Karel, Thomas A.
       title: A Position to Command Respect: Women and the Eleventh Britannica (Book Review)
        date: 1993-05-01
       words: 1619
      flesch: 56
     summary: Indeed, she notes that some of the ... women contributors make their sole appearance in the Eleventh Edition as collaborators on entries either written with husbands or fathers or providing a redaction of their work. Although this represents a small percentage of the total contributors, it is nonetheless a reflection of the major impact women have made on modem scholarship.
    keywords: contributors; thomas; women
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        item: #3084 of 5668
          id: crl-14819
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1993-05-01
       words: 1458
      flesch: 54
     summary: I do hope this is the case, as it would be quite ironic to find true reference errors in an article about reference errors. I noticed that both the volume number and issue date for reference number 22 are incorrect.
    keywords: college; libraries; research
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        item: #3085 of 5668
          id: crl-14820
      author: Butcher, Karyle S.
       title: Guest Editorial: Political Networking
        date: 1993-07-01
       words: 1199
      flesch: 60
     summary: Overall cuts in higher education translate into specific cuts in library budgets. The question 'What do they do? is most frequently asked during pro- motion and tenure discussions as library administrators seek to define the role of library faculty.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #3086 of 5668
          id: crl-14821
      author: White, Herbert
       title: Scholarly Publication, Academic Libraries, and the Assumption That These Processes are Really under Management Control
        date: 1993-07-01
       words: 5648
      flesch: 55
     summary: 1° Kingma and Eppard correctly describe the differ- ence between individual and library sub- scription prices, but their suggestion that the economic solution is to increase the cost of faculty photocopying services for library journals neglects the reality we know so well, that when photocopying is made unattractive, direct appropriation of material or mutilation grow in propor- tion. That These Processes Are Really under Management Control Herbert White It has long been assumed that the refereeing process used by scholarly journals served as an effective safeguard against the publication of work that is either inferior or repetitive of earlier publications.
    keywords: journals; libraries; library; publication; publishers; research; scholarly
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        item: #3087 of 5668
          id: crl-14822
      author: Hernon, Peter; Smith, Allen; Croxen, Mary Bailey
       title: Publication in College & Research Libraries: Accepted, Rejected and Published Papers, 1980-1991
        date: 1993-07-01
       words: 10231
      flesch: 51
     summary: In only eight instances was there docu- mentation to indicate that the authors of rejected papers complained about the outcome of the editorial decision. • How many individuals outside the discipline of library and information science have submitted papers to the journal?
    keywords: authors; c&rl; college; editors; journal; libraries; library; papers; publication; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14822.pdf
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        item: #3088 of 5668
          id: crl-14823
      author: Allen, Mary Beth
       title: International Students in Academic Libraries: A User Survey
        date: 1993-07-01
       words: 5893
      flesch: 54
     summary: Excellent overviews of the major writings on the role of bibliographic in- struction and other library services for international students have been reported in Ormondroyd and JacobsonP The informa- tion obtained will be useful in planning and implementing library services for international students, and perhaps for the larger user community.
    keywords: libraries; library; online; students; use
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        item: #3089 of 5668
          id: crl-14824
      author: Gerhard, Kristin H.; Boydston, Jeanne M. K.
       title: A Library Committee on Diversity and its Role in a Library Diversity Program
        date: 1993-07-01
       words: 5079
      flesch: 47
     summary: This is essential to any diversity effort and most directly confronts both individual and institu- tional discrimination.~ CONCLUSIONS In his discussion of the role of cam- puswide affirmative action committees, Daniel C. O'Rourke suggests that ... committees can be most effective in help- ing accomplish organizational goals in- cluding affirmative action (AA) and nondiscrimination goals (perhaps the most effective resource).21 They outline a number of actions libraries can take, but emphasize the importance of maintaining a vision of an environment where all individuals are valued and where full participation and partner- ship are the norm.
    keywords: action; affirmative; committee; diversity; libraries; library
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        item: #3090 of 5668
          id: crl-14825
      author: Bartolo, Laura M.; Smith, Timothy D.
       title: Interdisciplinary Work and the Information Search Process: A Comparison of Manual and Online Searching
        date: 1993-07-01
       words: 5506
      flesch: 50
     summary: In light of the ISP, the superior performance of the online group over the manual group supports the authors' hypothesis that online search methods are more ef- fective than manual search methods in helping researchers handle the chal- lenges of interdisciplinary work to successfully complete their projects. Is there a difference between manual and online search methods in terms of relevant material retrieved for interdisciplinary topics (faculty evaluated)?
    keywords: group; information; interdisciplinary; manual; online; research
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        item: #3091 of 5668
          id: crl-14827
      author: Brownson, Charles W.
       title: Small Press: An Annotated Guide (Book Review)
        date: 1993-07-01
       words: 1352
      flesch: 59
     summary: The problem is that there has been a culture shift, and what Glazier chooses finally to call small press, numbering about 700 at the beginning of his period, has been overwhelmed by small, independent publishers of New Age books, cookbooks, and self-help books. One thing is clear: small presses (and litera- ture, and we, too) are not what they were, whatever they are to become.
    keywords: glazier; small
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        item: #3092 of 5668
          id: crl-14828
      author: Lowood, Henry
       title: Euro-Librarianship; Shared Resources, Shared Responsibilities (Book Review)
        date: 1993-07-01
       words: 1317
      flesch: 56
     summary: Considering the role of librarians in the production of this volume, this expenditure of library re- sources for the duplication and redupli- cation of conference papers of uneven quality is ironic. Little magazines (increas- ingly a misnomer) have received most of the attention while the volume of pub- lishing has shifted largely to books.
    keywords: research; volume
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        item: #3093 of 5668
          id: crl-14829
      author: Olson, Michael P.
       title: The Scandia Plan (Book Review)
        date: 1993-07-01
       words: 1214
      flesch: 51
     summary: Cooperative collection develop- ment projects succeed only when each par- ticipating library perceives the benefits to outweigh the costs. The last third of Euro-Librarian- ship is a potpourri of largely descriptive papers with a generally traditional focus on library matters, such as access to a variety of formats and the pricing of li- brary materials.
    keywords: library; plan
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        item: #3094 of 5668
          id: crl-14830
      author: Eckert, Jack
       title: The Archival Enterprise: Modern Archival Principles, Practices, and Management Techniques (Book Review)
        date: 1993-07-01
       words: 1190
      flesch: 47
     summary: Any attempt at a summary or conclusion to the volume is noticeably absent, though some problems of the future are men- tioned in Dearstyne's final chapter on electronic records. It is a handy introduction to the field of historical record-keeping and would make an ideal textbook around which a course in the administration of historical records could be structured.- Jack Eckert, College of Physicians of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
    keywords: archival; plan
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        item: #3095 of 5668
          id: crl-14831
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1993-07-01
       words: 1327
      flesch: 54
     summary: In the example from our paper, when profit maximizing prices are used in both markets ($48 for libraries and $23 for individuals, not $50 and $19 as Talaga states), Ramsey prices will improve the welfare of society by increasing the welfare of libraries and their patrons by more than the decrease in the profits of publishers. While using profit maximizing prices is technically correct, it significantly increases the complexity of the diagrams and the tables but does not change our results.
    keywords: journals; prices
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        item: #3096 of 5668
          id: crl-14833
      author: St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Editorial: Improving Quality: Organizational Benefits of Total Quality Management
        date: 1993-09-01
       words: 1687
      flesch: 55
     summary: Penn State University is also actively involved in quality work through a Con- tinuous Quality Improvement (CQI) pro- gram using the Oregon State model for process analysis. Our experiences are generalizable to other institutions and an- swer the so what' question about the value of total quality management.
    keywords: libraries; quality; team
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        item: #3097 of 5668
          id: crl-14834
      author: Mech, Terrence F.
       title: The Managerial Decision Styles of Academic Library Directors
        date: 1993-09-01
       words: 7200
      flesch: 52
     summary: College and Research Libraries The Mana·gerial Decision Styles of Acadetnic Library Directors Terrence F. Mech The decision styles of 370 academic library directors are examined using the Decision Style Inventory. However, based on their undergraduate majors, directors do not significantly prefer one type of institution, decision style, or orientation over another.
    keywords: brain; decision; directors; individuals; library; people; scores; style
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        item: #3098 of 5668
          id: crl-14835
      author: Smith, Eldred; Johnson, Peggy
       title: How to Survive the Present While Preparing for the Future: A Research Library Strategy
        date: 1993-09-01
       words: 4612
      flesch: 50
     summary: Every major develop- ment in research library practice, from the classification of collections to the in- troduction of online catalogs, has in- volved some struggle of this nature, yet research libraries have progressed. The acquisition budget may still be sacrosanct in many universities, but libraries are expected increasingly to maintain it themselves by cutting else- where within their own resources.2 At the same time that their purchasing power is shrinking, research libraries must acquire and provide access to a rapidly expanding amount of nontradi- tional formats and sources of informa- tion, further complicating an already complex budgetary situation.
    keywords: collections; information; libraries; library; research
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        item: #3099 of 5668
          id: crl-14836
      author: Franklin, Phyllis
       title: Scholars, Librarians, and the Future of Primary Records
        date: 1993-09-01
       words: 6095
      flesch: 58
     summary: Scholars note an important disagree- ment about the nature of primary records. Just as we value records from the ancient and medieval worlds and regard original documents as providing the best evidence for scholarship, so fu- ture generations of scholars will regard primary records.
    keywords: book; librarians; library; primary; print; records; research; scholars
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14836.pdf
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        item: #3100 of 5668
          id: crl-14837
      author: Bowen, Laurel G.; Roberts, Peter J.
       title: Exhibits: Illegitimate Children of Academic Libraries?
        date: 1993-09-01
       words: 5738
      flesch: 49
     summary: Evaluating the conservation needs of materials for exhibit, and preservation require- ments at the exhibit site, are discussed in Casterline, Archives & Manuscripts: Exhibits, 19-22, and in Bradsher and Ritzenthaler, Archival Exhibits, 235-37. A publication that briefly touches on a wider range of topics relating to exhibits is the result of a survey conducted by Mary Wyly, Exhibits in ARL Libraries, SPEC Kit 120 (Washington, D.C.: Assn. of Research Libraries, Office of Management Studies, Jan. 1986).
    keywords: academic; exhibits; information; libraries; manuscripts; new; public; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14837.pdf
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        item: #3101 of 5668
          id: crl-14838
      author: Nardini, Robert F.
       title: Approval Plans: Politics and Performance
        date: 1993-09-01
       words: 5846
      flesch: 56
     summary: Approval plans in a specific type of library were recently criticized by William J. Hook, Approval Plans for Religious and Theological Libraries, Library Acquisitions: Yet approval plans remain controversial within some libraries because they are inherently political in nature.
    keywords: acquisitions; approval; approval plan; libraries; library; plan; vendor
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        item: #3102 of 5668
          id: crl-14839
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1992-1993
        date: 1993-09-01
       words: 7824
      flesch: 60
     summary: College & Research Libraries Any librarian who has used Disserta- tion Abstracts in print or on computer to find titles on a broad topic understands why this type of index is necessary. There are indexes to volume 3 for authors, edi- tors, and titles of periodicals; festschrif- ten; encyclopedias; and collected works and an index to names as subject in volumes 1-3.
    keywords: american; articles; bibliography; books; entries; guide; index; new; reference; subject; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14839.pdf
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        item: #3103 of 5668
          id: crl-14840
      author: Lucas, Thomas A.
       title: Time Patterns in Remote OPAC Use (Research Note)
        date: 1993-09-01
       words: 3327
      flesch: 71
     summary: Peters found that remote use was heaviest on week- day afternoons, and that there was com- paratively little use of remote access in the evenings and on weekends. As at Penn State, remote access to the OPAC at Kansas City was not avail- able when the library was closed.4 Two other studies treat the time pat- terns of remote use only in passing.
    keywords: internal; remote; use
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        item: #3104 of 5668
          id: crl-14843
      author: Kieft, Robert
       title: Bibliographic Instruction in Practice; What is Good Instruction Now?; Working With Faculty in the New Electronic Library (Book Review)
        date: 1993-09-01
       words: 1773
      flesch: 52
     summary: After Farber's introductory paper, in which he rehearses the familiar argu- ments for library instruction and the development of the Earlham program, the volume reproduces papers that de- scribe departmental instructional ration- ales and goals, specific assignments, and instructional techniques. and testi- monials cover the librarian's role in course and assignment design and the role of library instruction in the ex- perience of students, faculty, and admin- istration; the volume concludes with a helpful annotated bibliography of major works in the library instruction field from 1980 to 1992.
    keywords: faculty; instruction; library
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        item: #3105 of 5668
          id: crl-14844
      author: Atkinson, Ross
       title: Guest Editorial: The Coming Contest
        date: 1993-11-01
       words: 2028
      flesch: 53
     summary: There- fore, service quality is relatively simple for a business to define: high-quality services are those that generate increas- ing revenue, and low-quality services are those that do not. Be- cause service is so difficult (in the ab- sence of a convenient gauge like revenue) to monitor and assess, and be- cause the real needs of academic users are so diverse and complex, and because the library has always had (by virtue of its proximity to its users) what amounts to a monopoly on campus for print informa- tion services, and finally because service is the library's only purpose for existence, the library has preferred and has been permitted to define service quality on the basis of whatever service levels it- the library-provides.
    keywords: information; libraries; service
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        item: #3106 of 5668
          id: crl-14845
      author: Major, Jean A.
       title: Mature Librarians and the University Faculty: Factors Contributing to Librarians' Acceptance as Colleagues
        date: 1993-11-01
       words: 3816
      flesch: 46
     summary: Models and mentors reportedly helped subjects learn to be colleagues with other faculty; library school often did not. Acceptance as colleagues by other faculty was defined as the recognition of a partnership, a relationship of equal status-and, there- fore, equal access to shared research, governance, or social experiences...:_with faculty outside the library.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14845.pdf
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        item: #3107 of 5668
          id: crl-14846
      author: Dominguez, Patricia Buck; Swindler, Luke
       title: Cooperative Collection Development at the Research Triangle University Libraries: A Model for the Nation
        date: 1993-11-01
       words: 16834
      flesch: 43
     summary: With the stage set, Downs and Brans- comb began to address the major issues of cooperative collection development: What are the rationale and principles of cooperation? He, his col- leagues, and librarians at Duke and UNC who were interested in this developing field, proposed expanding cooperative collection development to cover research materials from and about Latin America.
    keywords: collection; collection development; cooperative; cooperative collection; development; duke; duke university; faculty; librarians; library; materials; programs; research; unc; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14846.pdf
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        item: #3108 of 5668
          id: crl-14847
      author: Allen, Bryce L.; Sutton, Brett
       title: Exploring the Intellectual Organization of an Interdisciplinary Research Institute
        date: 1993-11-01
       words: 8070
      flesch: 52
     summary: Finally, it is' not uncommon for user communities to be organized around research projects. Our ob- jective in this researdt was to explore a 502 College & Research Libraries more formal means of identifying the ways in which user communities are or- ganized, and so to provide a set of tools that might be of assistance to librarians who are faced with the task of providing information services to an interdiscipli- nary research institute.
    keywords: community; data; institute; intellectual; library; research; user; user community
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14847.pdf
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        item: #3109 of 5668
          id: crl-14850
      author: Kiger, Jack E.; Wise, Kenneth
       title: Attribute Sampling: A Library Management Tool (Research Note)
        date: 1993-11-01
       words: 6914
      flesch: 65
     summary: True State of Population Occurrence Rate is 4% or less Higher than 4% Type II Error Correct Decision Risk of concluding the occurrence rate is lower than it actually is Type I Error Risk of concluding the Correct Decision Higher than 4% occurrence rate is higher than it actually is FIGUREl Sampling Risk in Attribute Testing THE NATURE OF STATISTICAL SAMPUNG Statistical sampling involves applying procedures to fewer than all items com- posing a population. An esti- mate of the rate can be made from the previous year's occurrence rate, the oc- currence rate in a preliminary random sample of the poP.ulation being ex- amined, or an estimate based on one's experience with occurrence rates in similar situations.
    keywords: occurrence rate; risk; sample
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        item: #3110 of 5668
          id: crl-14851
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: Into the Future: The Foundations of Library and Information Sevices in the Post-Industrial Era (Book Review)
        date: 1993-11-01
       words: 1223
      flesch: 49
     summary: It is both synthesis and commentary, in- tended to provide a background against which students and practitioners can make intelligent decisions about the fu- ture of library and information service in these changing times. But, as Harris and Hannah also point out, something very real is happening to contemporary society as a result of the emergence of information technology, yet we re- main uncertain as to what it is.
    keywords: information; library
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        item: #3111 of 5668
          id: crl-14853
      author: Shore, Elliott
       title: Teaching Bibliographic Skills in History: A Sourcebook for Historians and Librarians (Book Review)
        date: 1993-11-01
       words: 1384
      flesch: 55
     summary: The second third of the volume is devoted to an uneven treatment of various reference and research topics, not all of which are particularly relevant to historical research. His essays on the Newberry, however, are well worth reading, not so much for solutions to concrete problems as for the alternative vision of the library which they offer and for the verve and initiative below the surface of the controlled prose and the formulaic structure of some of the pieces.-Eva Sartori, University of Ne- braska-Lincoln, Lincoln.
    keywords: library; newberry
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14853.pdf
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        item: #3112 of 5668
          id: crl-14854
      author: Walther, Bob
       title: Intertek (Book Review)
        date: 1993-11-01
       words: 1356
      flesch: 56
     summary: The second third of the volume is devoted to an uneven treatment of various reference and research topics, not all of which are particularly relevant to historical research. College and Research Libraries 554 College & Research Libraries book archivists, librarians, and histori- ans in order to share their views and expertise on the art and science of doing historical research in libraries and ar- chives.
    keywords: librarians; research
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        item: #3113 of 5668
          id: crl-14856
      author: Renfro, Particia
       title: Lifting a Ton of Feathers: A Woman's Guide to Surviving in the Academic World (Book Review)
        date: 1993-11-01
       words: 661
      flesch: 58
     summary: This report discusses the impact of various institutional and programmatic responses to recent changes in Europe on European studies in the United States, pre- cipitated by the collapse of communism, German unification, and the implementa- tion of the Single European Act. Tarrow reviews the major challenges facing American social scien- tists studying Europe; identifies research questions arising from transformations in Europe; presents the educational and or- ganizational challenges ahead; and offers a series of recommendations to ensure the vitality of European studies.
    keywords: european
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        item: #3114 of 5668
          id: crl-14859
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1993-11-01
       words: 372
      flesch: 35
     summary: For example, the questionnaire asks librarians to respond yes or no about having faculty status. For example, librarians of the University of California are academic appointees and do not have senate faculty status.
    keywords: librarians
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        item: #3115 of 5668
          id: crl-14860
      author: Kirk, Thomas G.
       title: Geust Editorial: The Spirit of Networking: Beyond Information Resources
        date: 1994-01-01
       words: 1620
      flesch: 57
     summary: When I talk to faculty and students they tell me they are drowning in information resources. It is my conviction that what our cus- tomers, both students and faculty, need in addition to better tools, is a better understanding of the organization of in- formation and the fundamental tech- niques for accessing information.
    keywords: access; information; pais
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        item: #3116 of 5668
          id: crl-14861
      author: Altman, Ellen; Promí, Patricia
       title: Affirmative Action: Opportunity or Obstacle
        date: 1994-01-01
       words: 7251
      flesch: 51
     summary: For director positions and some de- partmental libraries, the designated person was either the chair of the search committee or the office of an academic ad- ministrator. Of these, fourteen were for director positions.
    keywords: action; applicants; arl; diverse; libraries; percent; positions
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        item: #3117 of 5668
          id: crl-14863
      author: Austin, Ronald E.
       title: Indexing Price Trends of French Academic Books in the Humanities and Social Sciences
        date: 1994-01-01
       words: 2065
      flesch: 59
     summary: The purpose of this paper is to fill that lacuna in part by providing data on recent price trends for French academic books in the humanities and social sciences. There- fore, it is an excellent source of data on the costs of French academic books.
    keywords: academic; books; french
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14863.pdf
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        item: #3118 of 5668
          id: crl-14866
      author: Gearhart, G. David; St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Library Development Structures in CIC Institutions: The Search for Constituents
        date: 1994-01-01
       words: 6047
      flesch: 55
     summary: The head of library development and external rela- tions believes that joint appeals with other colleges will work well and will be less threatening to the colleges. Comparison of data results from that survey with results from this survey would begin a longitudinal picture of library development efforts.
    keywords: alumni; development; friends; group; libraries; library; state; university
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        item: #3119 of 5668
          id: crl-14867
      author: Ivey, Robert T.
       title: Teaching Faculty Perceptions of Academic Librarians at Memphis State University (Research Note)
        date: 1994-01-01
       words: 7028
      flesch: 49
     summary: While they do not disapprove of librarians selecting books, like faculty at other institutions, they believe that teaching faculty should have primary re- sponsibility for most book selection on in- terdisciplinary subjects. This reflects either low expectations of librarians by teaching faculty or a mis- understanding of their abilities and re- sponsibilities as noted by the authors of the University of Manitoba survey.18 Teaching faculty may have low expecta- tions of librarians because many librarians are not educated in the faculty's particu- lar disciplines and teaching faculty may not expect librarians to be very knowl- edgeable in these disciplines.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; percent; teaching
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        item: #3120 of 5668
          id: crl-14868
      author: Price-Wilkin, John
       title: The Digital Word: Text-Based Computing in the Humanities (Book Review)
        date: 1994-01-01
       words: 1245
      flesch: 55
     summary: The Text Encoding Ini- tiative promises to provide all areas of textual study with thorough and practi- cal guidelines for the electronic encod- ing of text; scholarly publishers such as Chadwyck-Healey and Oxford Univer- sity Press have embarked on substantial electronic text publishing projects; promi- nent scholars in editorial theory have held out great hope for a reconceiving of the 'Edition through electronic texts; and in many places around the United States and Canada we see the introduction and growth of electronic text centers in librar- ies. The computer-aided analysis of text, an area of the humanities that is by no means new and that has, in fact, seen several decades of activity, is now ex- periencing a new surge of interest among scholars.
    keywords: analysis; text
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        item: #3121 of 5668
          id: crl-14869
      author: Matheson, Nina W.
       title: The Information Society: A Retrospective View (Book Review)
        date: 1994-01-01
       words: 1331
      flesch: 56
     summary: By these measures, the authors de- termined that in general ... what was forecast decades ago was confirmed, that there has been significant growth in all three scales in almost all nations, that the richer nations are more advanced and advancing faster than poor nations with undereducated populations, and that the United States and Japan are closest to being information societies, al- though they fall short of expectations in many ways. It is a shame, however, to have included those essays that are so disappointing, and that the editors did not use an or- ganizing principle less ambitious and more coherent.-John Price- Wilkin, Uni- versity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia .
    keywords: authors; information
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14869.pdf
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        item: #3122 of 5668
          id: crl-14870
      author: Sutter, Sem C.
       title: Scholarly Communication in an Electronic Environment: Issues for Research Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1994-01-01
       words: 2063
      flesch: 53
     summary: It has nothing to say about the application of information technologies in the scien- tific or academic realms. By these measures, the authors de- termined that in general ... what was forecast decades ago was confirmed, that there has been significant growth in all three scales in almost all nations, that the richer nations are more advanced and advancing faster than poor nations with undereducated populations, and that the United States and Japan are closest to being information societies, al- though they fall short of expectations in many ways.
    keywords: electronic; information; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14870.pdf
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        item: #3123 of 5668
          id: crl-14871
      author: Wilson, Patrick
       title: The Metaphysics of Virtual Reality (Book Review)
        date: 1994-01-01
       words: 1377
      flesch: 57
     summary: There is a glossary, 'Useful vocabulary for the metaphysics of virtual reality, that includes a de- scription of what the metaphysics of vir- tual reality is about; but the last five chapters of this book do not fit the de- scription. There is, for instance, a lucid and straightforward discussion in Chapter 8, 'The Essence of VR, of different facets of, and ap- proaches to, virtual reality, which seems to owe nothing to philosophical ances- tors.
    keywords: librarians; reality
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14871.pdf
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        item: #3124 of 5668
          id: crl-14872
      author: Schuetze-Coburn, Marje
       title: Leidenschaft und Bildung (Book Review)
        date: 1994-01-01
       words: 1200
      flesch: 58
     summary: Leidenschaft und Bildung, with its diverse collection of primary sources and ana- lytical essays, supplies groundwork needed for such an integrated study of librarianship.-Marje Schuetze-Coburn, University of Southern California, Los An- geles, California. With this volume Helga Ludtke adds a substantial chapter to the underdocu- mented history of women librarians.
    keywords: librarians; research; women
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14872.pdf
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        item: #3125 of 5668
          id: crl-14873
      author: Hoadley, Irene B.
       title: Guest Editorial: Defining Success
        date: 1994-03-01
       words: 1048
      flesch: 63
     summary: We would expect a high correla- tion between successful library directors and those who achieve success in pro- fessional organizations. External success can also be self-defined.
    keywords: success
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        item: #3126 of 5668
          id: crl-14875
      author: Palmini, Cathleen C.
       title: The Impact of Computerization on Library Support Staff: A Study of Support Staff in Academic Libraries in Wisconsin
        date: 1994-03-01
       words: 4875
      flesch: 61
     summary: In The Role, Status, and Working Conditions of Para- professionals, Larry R. Oberg et al. pro- vide an excellent review of the literature on support staff as well as information on paraprofessionals in academic libraries based on administrators' responses to a nationwide survey.1 In Job satisfaction among Support Staff in Twelve Ohio Aca- demic Libraries, Coleen Parmer and Den- nis East explore support staff satisfaction in five job dimensions (supervision, co- workers, work, benefits, and pay), but they do not isolate computerization as a factor in job satisfaction.2 In 1987Dorothy E. Jones surveyed support staff in three academic libraries to determine their attitudes toward technology in what she terms the the technology-acquisition period.3 SURVEY RESULTS Length of Employment When asked about longevity on the job, library support staff in Wisconsin proved to be a stable group.
    keywords: job; percent; staff; support
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        item: #3127 of 5668
          id: crl-14876
      author: Kurosman, Kathleen; Durniak, Barbara Ammerman
       title: Document Delivery: A Comparison of Commercial Document Suppliers and Interlibrary Loan Services
        date: 1994-03-01
       words: 6042
      flesch: 62
     summary: Hurd and Molyneux compared conventional ILL service to the UMI Article Clearinghouse in order to fill article requests for the University of Virginia's Science and Engineering Li- brary. only one of the studies used the ILL sub- system to transmit ILL requests, and we were interested in seeing whether cost analyses would be the same for requests transmitted via OCLC as they were for the studies which used Dialog for verification and ordering.
    keywords: articles; ill; iod; requests; suppliers; tif
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14876.pdf
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        item: #3128 of 5668
          id: crl-14878
      author: Birdsall, Douglas G.; Hensley, Oliver D.
       title: A New Strategic Planning Model for Academic Libraries
        date: 1994-03-01
       words: 3569
      flesch: 45
     summary: 1 The journal literature discusses such subjects as the appropriateness of strategic planning for libraries, the incorporation of organizational values into the strategic planning process, the entrepreneurial spirit, implementation and first-year ap- praisal, and utilization of strategic plan- ning by new directors at ARL libraries.2 There are also studies of strategic planning in public libraries, state chapters, a school of library and information science, urban libraries, rural libraries, national libraries, and internationallibraries.3 The Association of Research Libraries issued a SPEC Kit on strategic planning as early as 1984, and the Association of College and Research Libraries has offered a continuing education course (Principles of Strategic Planning in the Library Environmenf') and developed a strategic plan for charting the future direction of the Association.• In addition to publications in the lit- erature of librarianship, libraries have access to the rich corpus of management literature on strategic planning, and are likely to be guided and directed by the broader strategic planning done in their institutional settings. The example of library development and fund-raising activ- ity is used to illustrate the various stages of strategic planning.
    keywords: libraries; library; planning; research; strategic; university
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        item: #3129 of 5668
          id: crl-14879
      author: Nofsinger, Mary M.; Lee, Angela S. W.
       title: Beyond Orientation: The Roles of Senior Librarians in Training Entry-Level Reference Colleagues
        date: 1994-03-01
       words: 5553
      flesch: 42
     summary: Since reference librarians must deal with questions in a vast range of subjects and in varying degrees of complexity, it behooves them to pool expertise since no one can fully master all subject areas in the realm of knowledge. Reference librarians need to exchange viewpoints with their peers, and to discuss with them their frustra- tions, disappointments, and feelings of resentment toward patrons.
    keywords: academic; colleagues; librarians; library; professional; reference; senior; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14879.pdf
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        item: #3130 of 5668
          id: crl-14882
      author: Atkinson, Ross
       title: Representations, No. 42 (Book Review)
        date: 1994-03-01
       words: 2028
      flesch: 50
     summary: Perhaps ALA should consider dividing The World Encyclopedia into three volumes, the country articles, the surveys of libraries and librarianship, and the biographies. That would allow libraries to acquire those volumes that are most important to their mission and would allow a more flexible update schedule.
    keywords: articles; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14882.pdf
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        item: #3131 of 5668
          id: crl-14883
      author: Swaim, Elizabeth
       title: English Humanist Books: Writers and Patrons, Manuscript and Print, 1475-1525 (Book Review)
        date: 1994-03-01
       words: 1316
      flesch: 50
     summary: Libraries are mentioned in passing perhaps ten times in this volume, so librarians will have little direct reason for reading it. This is followed by a much more detailed essay by Gerald Grunberg, the head librarian of the Bib- liotheque de France, and Alain Gifford, the head of information services, on the projected service and collection policies of the new library.
    keywords: libraries; library; research
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        item: #3132 of 5668
          id: crl-14884
      author: Bennett, Scott
       title: Daedalus. Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 122 (Book Review)
        date: 1994-03-01
       words: 1187
      flesch: 51
     summary: As if fundamental shifts in the finan- cial base of research universities were not enough, higher education is also beset with an epistemological crisis and with deeply conflicting promptings on diversity. His tone is the more welcome because the condition of research universities is fundamentally so troubling and the grounds for optimism so uncertain.
    keywords: education; research
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        item: #3133 of 5668
          id: crl-14885
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1994-03-01
       words: 914
      flesch: 50
     summary: A preliminary scan confirmed that the authors had made themselves familiar with much of the broad range of challenges that effective exhibits must overcome. as anyone would suspect who is familiar with the ACRL/RBMS awards program for outstanding exhibition catalogs sponsored by Katharine Keyes and Daniel J. Leab and American Book Prices Current.lf Bowen and Roberts really think librarians who design effective exhibits are treated as if their work is not a fully legitimate scholarly enter- prise, perhaps they should have interviewed recent award winners to see if that had been their experience at Harvard, Columbia, Toronto, Alberta, Maryland, Oberlin, Bucknell, Tulsa, Toledo, Northwestern, Indiana, Stanford, Yale, Southern Methodist, Car.negie Mellon, Brigham Young, Brown, Virginia, and elsewhere.
    keywords: exhibits; libraries
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        item: #3134 of 5668
          id: crl-14886
      author: St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Editorial: Choosing to Choose
        date: 1994-05-01
       words: 1743
      flesch: 54
     summary: [Nov. 1993): 458-60), Ross Atkinson predicts that the needs of primary academic library users will · eventually be met either by specialty scholarly publisher or by libraries. • Even though libraries have often ranked themselves as if they were warehouses, library associations must develop new, relevant standards.
    keywords: libraries; library; pais
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        item: #3135 of 5668
          id: crl-14887
      author: Hallmark, Julie
       title: Scientists' Access and Retrieval of References Cited in their Recent Journal Articles
        date: 1994-05-01
       words: 5926
      flesch: 51
     summary: In this hostile atmosphere, research which ad- dresses the methods used by scientists to seek and retrieve journal articles should contribute useful data for academic li- brarians to aid in decision making. Access and retrieval of journal articles by scientists have been investigated over the years by a number of researchers, frequently within broader studies of in- formation-seeking behavior.
    keywords: access; articles; journal; library; percent; research; retrieval; scientists
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        item: #3136 of 5668
          id: crl-14888
      author: Brown, Janet Dagenais
       title: Using Quality Concepts to Improve Reference Services
        date: 1994-05-01
       words: 5714
      flesch: 58
     summary: THE PROBLEM While guidelines and definitions that describe quality reference service are helpful and stimulating to information providers, they do not really offer prac- tical direction. The Standards and Guidelines Committee of the Reference and Adult Services Divi- sion of the American Library Associa- tion, for example, has developed Infor- mation Services for Information Con- sumers: Guidelines for Providers, which outlines in detail what libraries must do to provide quality service to their patrons.
    keywords: librarians; library; patrons; quality; reference; service
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        item: #3137 of 5668
          id: crl-14889
      author: Buschman, John
       title: Librarians, Self-Censorship, and Information Technologies
        date: 1994-05-01
       words: 5029
      flesch: 51
     summary: 10 Note that these decisions are not necessarily being driven by the quality of the re- sources or their value in building a col- lection, but rather by the need to adjust to electronic information resources. 3 It is the pur- pose of this article to show that this is exactly what is taking place when li- brarians discuss, decide, and debate information technologies in libraries and their benefits for users.
    keywords: censorship; electronic; information; libraries; library; new; resources
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        item: #3138 of 5668
          id: crl-14891
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1993
        date: 1994-05-01
       words: 9400
      flesch: 60
     summary: 1383p., $125) has totally revised the enlarged edition (1974, Guide. Each citation of an indi- vidual artwork provides the birth and death dates of the artist, the title of the May1994 work, its genre or medium, the date of the work, and where appropriate, per- formance data, publisher, location of work, versions, revisions, other works related to the original, and source refer- ences.
    keywords: art; bibliography; books; edited; english; entries; guide; index; libraries; new; reference; volume; work
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        item: #3139 of 5668
          id: crl-14892
      author: Crawford, Gregory A.
       title: A Conjoint Analysis of Reference Services in Academic Libraries (Research Note)
        date: 1994-05-01
       words: 6083
      flesch: 66
     summary: In library and information science re- search, there have been only a few attempts to use conjoint analysis in the study of library services. In library and information science re- search, there have been only a few at- tempts to use conjoint analysis in the study of library services.
    keywords: analysis; conjoint; library; service; time; utility
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        item: #3140 of 5668
          id: crl-14893
      author: Alexander, Jean M.
       title: The Journal of Information Ethics (Book Review)
        date: 1994-05-01
       words: 1251
      flesch: 50
     summary: Pub- lisher Robert Franklin's credo reflects the emotional tone of JIE' s editorial voice: This journal is indicative of a devotion to an elitist, dying, even wrong-headed body of society: those who believe that there are ethics to be found in information. It seems to me that a journal devoted to philosophical and moral reasoning (ethics) should 268 carefully distinguish itself from an organ that seeks to disseminate and defend particular points of view, even views as hallowed as freedom of information and the right to read.
    keywords: ethical; ethics; information
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        item: #3141 of 5668
          id: crl-14894
      author: De Belder, Kurt
       title: La Bibliothèque de France à mi-parcours: de la TGB a la BN bis? (Book Review)
        date: 1994-05-01
       words: 2058
      flesch: 53
     summary: In 1938 Alice Farquhar asserted that radio had decreased public library circulation, that people could not be expected to read books and magazines on current affairs when the radio offered last minute in- formation fascinatingly presented, and asked Why read a mystery when you can get your hair to stand on end, just passively listening to 'Lights Out'? In his estimation, the dismantlement of a library of a completely new type to a BN bis had been completed.-Kurt De Belder, New York University, New York, New York.
    keywords: bdf; library; public
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        item: #3142 of 5668
          id: crl-14895
      author: Crawford, Walt
       title: Technological Innovations in Libraries, 1860-1960: An Anecdotal History (Book Review)
        date: 1994-05-01
       words: 1316
      flesch: 56
     summary: In 1938 Alice Farquhar asserted that radio had decreased public library circulation, that people could not be expected to read books and magazines on current affairs when the radio offered last minute in- formation fascinatingly presented, and asked Why read a mystery when you can get your hair to stand on end, just passively listening to 'Lights Out'? Librarians assume too easily that to- day's technological challenges and promises represent something new for libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #3143 of 5668
          id: crl-14898
      author: Besant, Larry X.
       title: The Nation's Great Library: Herbert Putnam and the Library of Congress, 1899-1939 (Book Review)
        date: 1994-05-01
       words: 1056
      flesch: 50
     summary: For then and there-during the forging of stand- ard nonstandard processing practices in American libraries; during the growth of a plantation mentality by and toward library workers; during the debate on the proper training for librarians; during the calcification of the LC-ALA-ARL minuet-is the story of how our profes- sion got to be the way we were, and are. [LC] became the center of a virtual network of American libraries and librarians.
    keywords: library
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        item: #3144 of 5668
          id: crl-14899
      author: Henshaw, Rod
       title: Guest Editorial: The Library as a Place
        date: 1994-07-01
       words: 1657
      flesch: 55
     summary: What type of library space will be needed is the real question. If scholarship is up and running on the digi- tal highway, will colleges and universities still need to invest in library facilities?
    keywords: future; library; service
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        item: #3145 of 5668
          id: crl-14900
      author: Walden, Barbara; Fineman, Charles; Monroe, William S.; Parrine, Mary Jane
       title: Western European Political Science: An Acquisition Study
        date: 1994-07-01
       words: 5935
      flesch: 57
     summary: College and Research Libraries Western European Political Science: An Acquisition Study Barbara Walden, Charles Fineman, WilliamS. Monroe, and Mary Jane Parrine National bibliographies from 1990 for France, Italy, Sweden, Belgium, Iceland, and Catalonia (Spain) formed tire basis for a study of U.S and Canadian acquisitions in the field of Western European political science materials. Nevertheless, the finding that a very high percentage of titles in the national bibliography sample are held somewhere in the United States does suggest that knowledgeable selec- tors located at institutions which give them adequate financial leeway to make decisions can work together with fac- ulty, keep up on current developments in research and publishing, and acquire foreign language research materials in quantities adequate to support present and future needs.
    keywords: items; libraries; materials; national; percent; political; science; titles
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        item: #3146 of 5668
          id: crl-14901
      author: Hovekamp, Tina Maragou
       title: Organizational Commitment of Professional Employees in Union and Nonunion Research Libraries
        date: 1994-07-01
       words: 6384
      flesch: 50
     summary: One could speculate that the lack of very positive attitudes toward unions might relate to the fact that although union commitment was found to be positively linked to library commitment, union presence per se was negatively related to library commitment. The results of the statistical analysis revealed that union presence was a negative predictor of organizational loyalty; registered and nonregistered union members shared similar attitudes toward their employing organization; and union commitment tended to be a positive predictor of organizational commitment.
    keywords: commitment; employees; library; organizational; research; union; union commitment
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        item: #3147 of 5668
          id: crl-14902
      author: Behrens, Shirley J.
       title: A Conceptual Analysis and Historical Overview of Information Literacy
        date: 1994-07-01
       words: 8321
      flesch: 42
     summary: How- Overview of Information Literacy 315 ever, this was found to be inadequate preparation for information literacy. As a result of this report, the National Fo- rum on Information Literacy was es- tablished to continue promoting the concept of information literacy in the United States.36 As interest in information literacy in- creased during the late 1980s, the litera- ture shows a considerable augmentation in the meaning of the concept compared with that of the previous decade.
    keywords: computer; education; information; information literacy; libraries; library; literacy; skills
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        item: #3148 of 5668
          id: crl-14903
      author: Hammond, Carol
       title: Nontraditional Students and The Library: Opinions, Preferences, and Behaviors
        date: 1994-07-01
       words: 10307
      flesch: 65
     summary: No two-way interactions were found in the first section on student library use be- haviors. In fact, the analysis showed no consistent pat- tern based on student age, status, or gen- der that would be of help in determining library hours.
    keywords: gender; item; library; nontraditional; significant; status; students; time
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        item: #3149 of 5668
          id: crl-14904
      author: Madison, Olivia M. A.; Fry, Sally A.; Gregory, David
       title: A Model for Reviewing Academic Branch Libraries Based on ACRL Guidelines and Standards
        date: 1994-07-01
       words: 6549
      flesch: 42
     summary: Advances in library automation, elec- tronic services, and new technologies will continue to influence the need for branch library review. Fortunately for administrators in- volved in branch library review, the two most relevant sets of ACRL guidelines and standards have both been recently revised.
    keywords: academic; branch; collections; libraries; library; report; review; services
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        item: #3150 of 5668
          id: crl-14905
      author: Cherry, Joan M.; Yuan, Weijing; Clinton, Marshall
       title: Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Concept-Based Computer Tutorial for OPAC Users
        date: 1994-07-01
       words: 5090
      flesch: 62
     summary: %No %All Tutorial Instruction N=30 N= 15 N=15 chi-sq df p Used University of Toronto OPAC before (N = 30) 83.3 86.7 80.0 0.240 .624 Used other OPAC (N = 30) 63.3 66.7 60.0 0.144 .705 Received OPAC instruction (N = 30) 40.0 33.3 46.7 0.556 1 .456 Received card catalog instruction (N = 30) For ex- ample, in a study of computer program- ming, Bayman and Mayer found that students of lower ability benefited more from concept-based instruction than those of higher ability (as measured by SAT scores).19 Similarly, in discussing a study of OPAC instruction conducted at Stanford University where the results were not as strong as she had hoped, Borgman com- mented that a less sophisticated sample might have benefited more from the con- ceptual models provided.
    keywords: computer; instruction; opac; participants; tutorial
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        item: #3151 of 5668
          id: crl-14907
      author: Shreeves, Edward
       title: The State and the Academic Library (Book Review)
        date: 1994-07-01
       words: 1229
      flesch: 52
     summary: legislators, state de- partments of education, coordinating agencies (like boards of regents) and state libraries-and talks about some of the ways in which interactions are played out, such as resource allocation and program review. Anyone who pays more than casual attention to the Chronicle of Higher Edu- cation or similar journals is aware of the increasingly close and often obtrusive links between state government and politics and public higher education.
    keywords: networks; state
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        item: #3152 of 5668
          id: crl-14909
      author: Likness, Craig S.
       title: If You Want to Evaluate Your Library... (Book Review)
        date: 1994-07-01
       words: 1309
      flesch: 54
     summary: Far too often reading about evaluation and re- search methodologies in library science proves painfully dull. When F. W. Lancaster published the first edition of If You Want to Evaluate Your Library ... in 1988, the book received praise from numerous reviewers who recognized its value for practicing li- brarians as well as library school stu- dents.
    keywords: evaluation; library
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        item: #3153 of 5668
          id: crl-14911
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1994-07-01
       words: 1158
      flesch: 47
     summary: [Sept. 1993]: 397-406), Phyllis Franklin has used my book, The Librarian, the Scholar, and the Future of the Research Library, as a foil to mount a forceful argument for the preservation of primary print records in libraries during the electronic era. (See, for example, p. 392 of my article, How to Survive the Present while Preparing for the Future: A Research Library Strategy, that precedes Franklin's article in the same issue of College & Research Libraries.)
    keywords: future; research
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        item: #3154 of 5668
          id: crl-14914
      author: Veaner, Allen B.
       title: Paradigm Lost, Paradigm Regained? A Persistent Personnel Issue in Academic Librarianship, II
        date: 1994-09-01
       words: 8429
      flesch: 50
     summary: A Persistent Personnel Issue in Academic Librarianship, II Allen B. Veaner Computerization has transformed the bulk of library work from moving physi- cal objects, for example, producing, sorting, and filing catalog cards, to elec- tronically manipulating a vast array of symbols. Library staffs worked together effectively and harmo- niously for a very long time before man- agers applied the team label to group activity.
    keywords: academic; information; librarians; library; management; programmatic; research; responsibilities; staff; support; work
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        item: #3155 of 5668
          id: crl-14915
      author: Sutter, Sem C.
       title: The Fall of the Bibliographic Wall: Libraries and Archives in Unified Germany
        date: 1994-09-01
       words: 5627
      flesch: 58
     summary: The end of the Cold War and the unification of Germany have inaugurated a new era in German library and archival history. CONCLUSIONS Clearly, major changes are under way in German libraries and archives since unification.
    keywords: archives; berlin; books; collections; german; libraries; library; soviet; war
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        item: #3156 of 5668
          id: crl-14916
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1993-1994 (Book Reviews)
        date: 1994-09-01
       words: 9369
      flesch: 62
     summary: General sections of reference works, general histories, pe- riod histories, topical works, and biogra- phies are further subdivided by subject. The section on printed sources is a topically arranged, annotated bibliog- raphy of reference works, including many sources on ethnic dances.
    keywords: articles; bibliography; dictionary; entries; history; index; information; list; new; reference; volume; work; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14916.pdf
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        item: #3157 of 5668
          id: crl-14917
      author: Henry, Elizabeth C.; Caudle, Dana M.; Sullenger, Paula
       title: Tenure and Turnover in Academic Libraries
        date: 1994-09-01
       words: 3306
      flesch: 61
     summary: When examining tenure rates of professional staff, aca- demic libraries need to consider factors other than tenure requirements. Tenure denial rates and tenure ap- proval rates were also calculated for each library that granted tenure.
    keywords: librarians; rates; tenure; turnover
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        item: #3158 of 5668
          id: crl-14918
      author: Dedrick, Anthony J.
       title: Shared Academic Library Facilities: The Unknown Form of Library Cooperation
        date: 1994-09-01
       words: 3733
      flesch: 50
     summary: Although cooperative efforts such as interlibrary loan, collection development, and shared databases are well documented in the literature, there is little information available regarding shared academic library facilities. Did the funding for library services by each institution change after the joint library program was established?
    keywords: college; joint; library; programs; shared
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        item: #3159 of 5668
          id: crl-14919
      author: Lewis, David W.
       title: Making Academic Reference Services Work
        date: 1994-09-01
       words: 7473
      flesch: 50
     summary: To make reference service in academic libraries effective Jive changes are required: (1) reference librarians must be given clear budgetary and programmatic authority; (2) the hierarchy must be flattened and reference librarians placed closer to the top of the organization; (3) support services ·must be provided so that reference librarians are not encumbered by nonprofessional tasks; ( 4) reference librarians should be brought together and not isolated in small departments; and (5) public services planning and priority setting should be done by reference librarians. Absent from most of the discussion is an understanding that organizational changes are required if reference librarians are to accomplish what is being asked of them.
    keywords: academic; librarians; library; need; new; organizational; reference; reference librarians; services
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        item: #3160 of 5668
          id: crl-14920
      author: Chu, Felix T.
       title: Reference Service and Bounded Rationality: Helping Students with Research (Research Note)
        date: 1994-09-01
       words: 3081
      flesch: 56
     summary: College and Research Libraries Research Notes Reference Service and Bounded Rationality: Helping Students with Research Felix T. Chu In university library reference service librarians often get ambiguous questions to which they try to give appropriate answers. Entering into this process is the ambiguous nature of good and acceptable answers according to students.
    keywords: librarians; reference; set; student
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        item: #3161 of 5668
          id: crl-14921
      author: Young, J. Brad
       title: Guide to Technical Services Resources (Book Review)
        date: 1994-09-01
       words: 1220
      flesch: 51
     summary: In addition to an author-title index, there is a subject index which effectively brings together related items from across the chapters 463 464 College & Research Libraries for topics such as academic libraries and research libraries. And they are an impressive September 1994 group: administrators, faculty, and front-line librarians and allied informa- tion professionals in industry, colleges and universities, government, and in public libraries serving large and small communities.
    keywords: information; services
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        item: #3162 of 5668
          id: crl-14922
      author: Welburn, William
       title: The Black Librarian in America Revisited (Book Review)
        date: 1994-09-01
       words: 1329
      flesch: 46
     summary: And they are an impressive September 1994 group: administrators, faculty, and front-line librarians and allied informa- tion professionals in industry, colleges and universities, government, and in public libraries serving large and small communities. College and Research Libraries 464 College & Research Libraries for topics such as academic libraries and research libraries
    keywords: information; library
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        item: #3163 of 5668
          id: crl-14924
      author: Blake, Fay M.
       title: Aspirations and Mentoring in an Academic Environment: Women Faculty in Library and Information Science (Book Review)
        date: 1994-09-01
       words: 1086
      flesch: 58
     summary: Beginning in 1989 and running through 1990, the authors first held dis- cussions with women faculty at eight library schools in various regions of the United States, conducted telephone in- terviews with one hundred women (out of the 236 full-time female faculty in ac- credited U.S. library schools and pro- grams), and presented preliminary findings at the 1990 annual conference of ALISE (Association for Library and Information Science Education) in Chicago. Carefully and conscientiously, the authors document from their sample the benefits many women faculty have de- rived from mentoring and being men- tored.
    keywords: library; women
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        item: #3164 of 5668
          id: crl-14925
      author: St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Editorial: Rewards of Editing C&RL
        date: 1994-11-01
       words: 1643
      flesch: 54
     summary: In keeping with this editor's emphasis on diversifying the editorial voice by having Board members write editorials, Board member Irene Hoadley suggested that former C&RL editors be asked to contribute to this discussion of the re- wards of the editorship. Strong assistance from the C&RL Editorial Board and the ACRL Publications Committee convinced them to reconsider, and the fiscal crisis passed.
    keywords: c&rl; editor; ideas
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        item: #3165 of 5668
          id: crl-14926
      author: Thorne, Rosemary; Whitlatch, Jo Bell
       title: Patron Online Catalog Success
        date: 1994-11-01
       words: 10817
      flesch: 57
     summary: The group of eight librarians who carried out the online catalog study contributed an estimated five hours each, including plan- ning meetings and online catalog user in- terviews. Includes badly misshelved items and missing items. ., Patron online catalog searches can be characterized as quite brief, employing relatively few strategies, and rarely us- ing advanced searching options for lim- iting and expanding the search.
    keywords: catalog; libraries; library; online catalog; percent; reference; study; subject; success; users
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        item: #3166 of 5668
          id: crl-14927
      author: Wiberley, Stephen E.; Jones, William G.
       title: Humanists Revisited: A Longitudinal Look at the Adoption of Information Technology
        date: 1994-11-01
       words: 6332
      flesch: 54
     summary: But other social scientists participate in the creation of these sources. At the same time, seven fellows do interdisci- plinary work: one fellow from English incorporates social science information in her study of film; a literary critic draws on psychoanalysis and philoso- phy; a historian of art considers his work to be part of American Studies; and the anthropologists, political scientist, and women's studies scholar bring the in- sights and methods of their disciplines to humanistic sources.
    keywords: fellows; humanists; humanities; information; research; social; technology; use
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        item: #3167 of 5668
          id: crl-14930
      author: Phillips, Joyce S.; Carson, Kerry D.; Carson, Paula P.
       title: Evolution of Affective Career Outcomes: A Field Study of Academic Librarians
        date: 1994-11-01
       words: 4155
      flesch: 49
     summary: A Career Satisfaction Items • My line of work/ career field is usually interesting enough to keep me from getting bored. I am often bored with my line of work/ career field.
    keywords: age; career; field; librarians; line; satisfaction
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        item: #3168 of 5668
          id: crl-14931
      author: Auster, Ethel; Devakos, Rea; Meikle, Sian
       title: Individualized Instruction for Undergraduates: Term Paper Clinic Staffed by MLS Students
        date: 1994-11-01
       words: 5790
      flesch: 59
     summary: 1- 7 The literature that describes using library science students to pro- vide this service is even more limited. From the instructor's point of view, one aim of the Term Paper Clinic was to provide the students with the real-life experience of providing reference service, in this case, to first- and second-year undergraduates.
    keywords: clinic; library; paper; service; students; term
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        item: #3169 of 5668
          id: crl-14932
      author: Stebelman, Scott
       title: Analysis of Retrieval Performance in Four Cross-Disciplinary Databases: Article1st, Faxon Finder, UnCover, and a Locally Mounted Database
        date: 1994-11-01
       words: 2849
      flesch: 53
     summary: Unique periodical citations is erences on a subject is manifestly supe- defined as the number of individual pe- rior. Analysis of Retrieval Performance 565 Libraries may be more impressed with Database A for the sheer number of unique journals cited, but in terms of measuring the inherent tenacity of a database's retrieval performance (ex- pressed as a ratio between the number of unique journals covered and the num- ber of unique periodical citations re- trieved), a cogent case could be made for Database B.
    keywords: citations; database; number; unique
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        item: #3170 of 5668
          id: crl-14933
      author: Campbell, James
       title: The Digitization of Primary Textual Sources (Book Review)
        date: 1994-11-01
       words: 1243
      flesch: 58
     summary: The essays are ostensibly tied together by a preface and an epi- logue, which obliquely suggest what may be the author's taking-off point: Chartier's restating of the complex, subtle, shifting relationships between books and their readers in earlier times as a paradigm for his uneasy coming to terms with the world of electronic texts. A major reason for this is Robinson's success at identifying the emerging standards for treatment of electronic materials.
    keywords: robinson; text
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        item: #3171 of 5668
          id: crl-14934
      author: Swaim, Elizabeth
       title: The Order of Books: Readers, Authors, and Libraries in Europe between the Fourteenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Book Review)
        date: 1994-11-01
       words: 1398
      flesch: 60
     summary: The essays are ostensibly tied together by a preface and an epi- logue, which obliquely suggest what may be the author's taking-off point: Chartier's restating of the complex, subtle, shifting relationships between books and their readers in earlier times as a paradigm for his uneasy coming to terms with the world of electronic texts. In the essays, originally published in French in 1992, Chartier questions, elu- cidates, and theorizes about ideas put forth by himself and others on such sub- jects as the relationships between text, print, and reader; changing perceptions of the connection between author and text, literary property, and censorship; and the various meanings of library (bib- · liotheque) as space, compilation/ conden- sation, or book catalog.
    keywords: book; essays
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        item: #3172 of 5668
          id: crl-14936
      author: Wall, Matthew
       title: Information Science in Theory and Practice (Book Review)
        date: 1994-11-01
       words: 1210
      flesch: 53
     summary: Its ten chapters deal with three broad categories: information transfer in the wider societal context, information and the individual, and the nature of information systems. Despite the promise of the title, this volume is concerned with a broad treat- ment of the essential scientific aspects of information science rather than its prac- tice per se.
    keywords: information; libraries; science
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        item: #3173 of 5668
          id: crl-14937
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Short Notices
        date: 1994-11-01
       words: 548
      flesch: 55
     summary: Roma: Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, Libreria dello Stato, 1994. This new journal was conceived to redress the perceived marginalization of college libraries and their concerns in the professional litera- ture.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #3174 of 5668
          id: crl-14939
      author: Holland, Maurita Peterson; Powell, Christina Kelleher
       title: A Longitudinal Survey of the Information Seeking and Use Habits of Some Engineers
        date: 1995-01-01
       words: 4926
      flesch: 60
     summary: Additional Data Supporting Future Information Access Respondents were asked about their use of computers beyond the workplace and also about their interest in learning more about information access. Approximately 75 percent of the re- spondents in both categories were sup- portive of information access being integrated into engineering classes, or taught either as a part of continuing ed u- cation or of orientation/ on-the-job train- ing.
    keywords: access; course; information; takers; use
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        item: #3175 of 5668
          id: crl-14940
      author: Bishop, Barbara A.
       title: The State-Supported University Libraries of Alabama: Serving the Needs of Patrons with Disabilities
        date: 1995-01-01
       words: 5467
      flesch: 55
     summary: These evalu- ations and transition plans, even if done by the college or university administra- tion, were to have helped focus attention on library services to patrons with dis- abilities. Ques- tion 5 asked which disabilities were addressed through library services.
    keywords: alabama; disabilities; libraries; library; services; university
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        item: #3176 of 5668
          id: crl-14941
      author: Hazen, Dan C.
       title: Collection Development Policies in the Information Age
        date: 1995-01-01
       words: 1698
      flesch: 51
     summary: Collections policies thus divide information resources by subject, format, user level, language, size, dura- bility, and so on. As scholarship, information resources, and libraries continue to change, these as- sertions may no longer hold.
    keywords: collection; development; policies
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        item: #3177 of 5668
          id: crl-14942
      author: Millson-Martula, Christopher; Menon, Vanaja
       title: Customer Expectations: Concepts and Reality for Academic Library Services
        date: 1995-01-01
       words: 9037
      flesch: 47
     summary: Whether using survey instruments, interviews, focus groups, or other assessment methods, academic librarians can gain insight into their customers' needs by under- standing: (1) their overall attitudes; (2) the context or environment in which cus- tomers use library services; and (3) their perception of how library services are linked to other services. Then they can learn the needs and expectations of their customers as well as evaluate the level of customer satis- faction with library services.
    keywords: academic; customer; expectations; librarians; library; needs; service; staff
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        item: #3178 of 5668
          id: crl-14943
      author: DiMartino, Diane; Ferns, William J.; Swacker, Sharon
       title: CD-ROM Search Techniques of Novice End-Users: Is the English-as-a-Second-Language Student at a Disadvantage?
        date: 1995-01-01
       words: 5901
      flesch: 54
     summary: General bibliographic instruction in CD-ROM usage can address the other problems that ESL students share with novice users in general. One of these implications is the need for bibliographic instruction for all users in the problem areas discussed in this paper with specialized, if limited, additional assistance for ESL users.
    keywords: esl; rom; search; searching; students; users
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        item: #3179 of 5668
          id: crl-14946
      author: Muns, Raleigh Clayton
       title: Emerging Communities: Integrating Networked Information into Library Services (Book Review)
        date: 1995-01-01
       words: 1196
      flesch: 52
     summary: As would be expected from one of the flagships of the profession, the Graduate School of Library and Information Sci- ence of the University of Illinois, these are high quality proceedings of a profes- sional conference with work of current and relevant information for academic librarians.-Raleigh Clayton Muns, Uni- versity of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri. Now researchers can identify and direct themselves to relevant LC ma- terials via number, date, name, or title, as well as to other libraries and archival holdings.
    keywords: information; library
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        item: #3180 of 5668
          id: crl-14947
      author: Zulu, Itibari M.
       title: The African-American Mosaic: A Library of Congress Guide for the Study of Black History and Culture (Book Review)
        date: 1995-01-01
       words: 1326
      flesch: 50
     summary: As would be expected from one of the flagships of the profession, the Graduate School of Library and Information Sci- ence of the University of Illinois, these are high quality proceedings of a profes- sional conference with work of current and relevant information for academic librarians.-Raleigh Clayton Muns, Uni- versity of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri. In the Encyclopedia of Library History (EoLH) editors Wayne Wiegand and Donald Davis offer a handy, one-volume encyclopedia of library history.
    keywords: african; american; library
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        item: #3181 of 5668
          id: crl-14948
      author: Rutledge, John B.
       title: Encyclopedia of Library History (Book Review)
        date: 1995-01-01
       words: 1357
      flesch: 56
     summary: In the Encyclopedia of Library History (EoLH) editors Wayne Wiegand and Donald Davis offer a handy, one-volume encyclopedia of library history. Phases in the Application of Informa- tion Technology to Libraries; 5. Print- based Technology; 6. Tools for Accessing Digital Libraries; 7. Digital Library Mod- els; 8. Stakeholder Motivations and Con- cerns; 10.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #3182 of 5668
          id: crl-14949
      author: Matheson, Nina W.
       title: Analytical Review of the Library of the Future (Book Review)
        date: 1995-01-01
       words: 1070
      flesch: 59
     summary: Phases in the Application of Informa- tion Technology to Libraries; 5. Print- based Technology; 6. Tools for Accessing Digital Libraries; 7. Digital Library Mod- els; 8. Stakeholder Motivations and Con- cerns; 10. A Shared Vision of the Future; 3. Digital Libraries; 4.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #3183 of 5668
          id: crl-14950
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1995-01-01
       words: 554
      flesch: 59
     summary: Hallmark selected nineteen journals from which to take the sample of articles, journals recommended by scientists and chosen through independent evaluations; the evaluations are attributed to Katz's Magazines for Libraries, 1989, which is general and dated. Hallmark has already restricted her research to cited journal articles; with monographs, conferences and patents excluded this formula is more restrictive still.
    keywords: scientists
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        item: #3184 of 5668
          id: crl-14952
      author: Harmeyer, Dave
       title: Potential Collection Development Bias: Some Evidence on a Controversial Topic in California
        date: 1995-03-01
       words: 6711
      flesch: 53
     summary: As indicated above, the second hy- pothesis concerns the statistical relation- ship between the selection of pro-life books and pro-choice books by librari- ans at religious-affiliated institutions. Based on 580 reported holdings of these eight books, California academic and public libraries were found three times more likely to collect pro-choice than pro-life books.
    keywords: academic; books; libraries; library; life; pro; public; selection
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        item: #3185 of 5668
          id: crl-14953
      author: Pankake, Marcia; Wittenborg, Karin; Carpenter, Eric
       title: Commentaries on Collection Bias - Collection Bias: Eternal Vigilance the Price of Liberty; Collection Bias: What's Right; Adequate Representation and Numeric Equivalency: How Much Is Enough?
        date: 1995-03-01
       words: 3436
      flesch: 53
     summary: Harmeyer touches on some possible explanations for why pro-life books are not selected for academic libraries. Do the libraries serve vocal communities where patrons actively request pro-choice books and librarians buy modest numbers of pro- life books to represent that viewpoint?
    keywords: books; libraries; library; pro
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        item: #3186 of 5668
          id: crl-14955
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1994
        date: 1995-03-01
       words: 6780
      flesch: 61
     summary: The index lists America: History and Life as entry 808, but 808 is actually Henry Beers' Bib- liographies in American History: Although there are cross-references in articles to other entry titles, no overall topical in- dex is provided, only a list of entries.
    keywords: african; american; bibliography; entries; guide; history; index; information; new; reference; volume
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14955.pdf
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        item: #3187 of 5668
          id: crl-14956
      author: Leckie, Gloria J.; Rogers, Becky
       title: Reactions of Academic Librarians to Job Loss Through Downsizing: An Exploratory Study
        date: 1995-03-01
       words: 8238
      flesch: 59
     summary: However, this has been occurring with very little discussion of how job loss affects the individual library worker. This exploratory study examines the impact of job loss on a sample of academic librarians from Ontario universities.
    keywords: academic; job; job loss; librarians; loss; participants; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14956.pdf
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        item: #3188 of 5668
          id: crl-14957
      author: Voelck, Julie
       title: Job Satisfaction among Support Staff in MIchigan Academic Libraries
        date: 1995-03-01
       words: 6923
      flesch: 50
     summary: In his article on job satisfaction in a changing library environment, Jack A. Siggins provides three compelling argu- ments to justify making the job satisfac- tion of library staff a primary concern. 18 To gather data on the roles, status, and working conditions of library staff, Oberg and others conducted a national survey of library directors.
    keywords: job; libraries; library; satisfaction; staff; support
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        item: #3189 of 5668
          id: crl-14958
      author: Ottaviani, J. S.
       title: Archimedes: Analysis of a HyperCard Reference Tool (Research Note)
        date: 1995-03-01
       words: 6286
      flesch: 64
     summary: The data demonstrate the ease of anonymously and unobtrusively monitoring system use, support the design philosophy of the multistack networked approach, and indicate that library users consult Archimedes for reference information. Time Spent The data on time spent by librarians to answer reference questions are sparse.
    keywords: archimedes; data; information; library; reference; use; users
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14958.pdf
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        item: #3190 of 5668
          id: crl-14959
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: The Myth of the Electronic Library: Librarianship and Social Change in America (Book Review)
        date: 1995-03-01
       words: 1252
      flesch: 51
     summary: The issue is an important one that ought to interest librarians and in- formation scientists and others in- volved with information technology. Technology will not provide for them.
    keywords: electronic; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14959.pdf
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        item: #3191 of 5668
          id: crl-14960
      author: Wilson, Patrick
       title: Thinking Through Technology: The Path between Engineering and Philosophy (Book Review)
        date: 1995-03-01
       words: 1709
      flesch: 54
     summary: The issue is an important one that ought to interest librarians and in- formation scientists and others in- volved with information technology. Technology will not provide for them.
    keywords: information; mitcham; technology
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        item: #3192 of 5668
          id: crl-14962
      author: O'Donnell, James J.
       title: The Emerging Worldwide Electronic University: Information Age Global Higher Education (Book Review)
        date: 1995-03-01
       words: 513
      flesch: 49
     summary: The chapter on Connect- ing the World's Research Libraries contains fresh material ·of interest to all those who have not yet heard of or famil- iarized themselves with the workings of OCLC, but to few others.-James J. O'Donnell, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Disagreement with her conclusion need not, however, preclude librarians' using her analytic surveys of topics that are of great interest to librarians and other in- formation professionals.-Je.ffry Larson, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
    keywords: information
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        item: #3193 of 5668
          id: crl-14963
      author: Martin, Susan K.
       title: Guest Editorial: Reshaping ACRL
        date: 1995-05-01
       words: 1200
      flesch: 49
     summary: Because this process and its results are so important for the membership of ACRL, I want to describe briefly the level of involvement of the membership, the techniques that have been used to gather information and feedback from ACRL members and leaders, and to give you a sense of the documents as they currently stand. College and Research Libraries Guest Editorial Reshaping ACRL Like all good membership organiza- tions, ACRL used some of its energies in the 1980s to develop a mission statement, goals, and objectives and to form a five- year strategic plan, focusing on both the needs of the membership and the critical issues of the times.
    keywords: acrl; membership
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        item: #3194 of 5668
          id: crl-14964
      author: Tillotson, Joy
       title: Is Keyword Searching the Answer?
        date: 1995-05-01
       words: 3718
      flesch: 65
     summary: Joy Tillotson This study looks at three aspects of keyword searching to see if defaulting to keyword searches might serve as a solution to the problems people have with subject searches in online public access catalogs (OPACs). Because I had observed that reference librarians use keyword searching more than library users (and this observation was confirmed in a study from Adelphi University), I de- cided to investigate what might happen if all searches were automatically done as keyword searches, and what effect use of keyword searches has on the level of satisfaction of library users.
    keywords: keyword; searches; searching
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        item: #3195 of 5668
          id: crl-14965
      author: Aissing, Alena L.
       title: Cyrillic Transliteration and its Users
        date: 1995-05-01
       words: 6609
      flesch: 55
     summary: A number of other factors, such as unfamiliarity with online searching and with library resources, exacerbates this problem, but such factors are, of course, not peculiar to language students. Alena L. Aissing A wide diversity exists in the current practice of transliterating Cyrillic scripts for use in bibliographic records in online catalogs.
    keywords: cyrillic; language; libraries; library; russian; students; test; transliteration
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14965.pdf
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        item: #3196 of 5668
          id: crl-14967
      author: Richardson, John V.; Reyes, Rex B.
       title: Government Information Expert Systems: A Quantitative Evaluation
        date: 1995-05-01
       words: 8098
      flesch: 59
     summary: In each case, the computer system attempts to answer reference questions much the way a government documents specialist John V. Richardson Jr. is Associate Professor at the Graduate School of Library and Infonnation Science at the University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Circle Drive North, Suite 204, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90024. Obviously, the two systems are still performing at a modest level, that is, they serve as reference systems (i.e., only referrals are given) rather than informa- tion systems (i.e., direct answers to the specific questions are given) ..
    keywords: authors; gdra; government; pointer; question; reference; systems
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        item: #3197 of 5668
          id: crl-14968
      author: Ercegovac, Zorana
       title: Information Access Instruction (IAI4): Design Principles
        date: 1995-05-01
       words: 5392
      flesch: 50
     summary: These principles, when put in practice as specific guidelines, seamlessly link information sources together, regardless of their implementation medium, information structure, or interface style. What are the most important concepts or tools we want to convey, so that our students can be self-reliant, confident, and motivated users of information sources and serv- ices?
    keywords: course; information; instruction; learning; library; research; sources; students
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        item: #3198 of 5668
          id: crl-14969
      author: Kingma, Bruce R.; McCombs, Gillian M.
       title: The Opportunity Costs of Faculty Status for Academic Librarians
        date: 1995-05-01
       words: 3851
      flesch: 59
     summary: Faculty status is a dummy variable that takes on the value of 1 when the library has faculty status and 0 otherwise. Just as the cost of faculty status for library faculty should include the cost of hiring replacements, so should the cost of teaching faculty.
    keywords: faculty; libraries; library; status
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        item: #3199 of 5668
          id: crl-14971
      author: Bailey, Charles W.
       title: Challenges in Indexing Electronic Text and Images (Book Review)
        date: 1995-05-01
       words: 1169
      flesch: 47
     summary: The book offers six sections: (1) a su- perb recent history of French university libraries by the able current inspector- general of French libraries, Denis Pallier; (2) a description of the modern context of the French university and of its infor- mation service, both library and nonli- brary by Pierre Carbone; (3) an analysis of the user community, both university and general public, by Renoult himself (he directs planning for the Bibliotheque Nationale de France) and Maggy Peyeril of Montpellier's library; (4) a descrip- tion of French library infrastructure- organization, buildings, administration, classification, personnel-in essays by several authors, with descriptions of library service approaches which to foreigners can sound both familiar (Computerization Is under Way) and endearingly French (La Fonction Patri- moniale); (5) a section on networking giv- ing the French approach to dealing with what every librarian elsewhere knows, that computers and the information that they offer are here to stay, and that they must and may be dealt with effectively and even happily; and, finally, (6) a for- eign, comparative perspective, including (a) an introspective essay on Germany by Gernot Gable of Cologne, (b) a wist- ful, grass is always greener report on a tour of modern German library build- ings by the French librarian Marie- France Bisbrouck, (c) a startlingly bleak current assessment of university librar- ies in the United Kingdom, by Derek Law (King's College, London), and (d) an optimistic and encouraging account of a Dutch approach so successful that it So Daniel Renault's book-a tightly drawn compilation of essays by leading thinkers from France and other European countries-can provide back- ground indispensable for understanding both the current general travails of French university libraries and a few of the problems now dawning for university li- braries in the United States and elsewhere, in networking and other areas.
    keywords: indexing; information; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14971.pdf
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        item: #3200 of 5668
          id: crl-14972
      author: Kessler, Jack
       title: Les Bibliothèques dans L'université (Book Review)
        date: 1995-05-01
       words: 1308
      flesch: 49
     summary: The book offers six sections: (1) a su- perb recent history of French university libraries by the able current inspector- general of French libraries, Denis Pallier; (2) a description of the modern context of the French university and of its infor- mation service, both library and nonli- brary by Pierre Carbone; (3) an analysis of the user community, both university and general public, by Renoult himself (he directs planning for the Bibliotheque Nationale de France) and Maggy Peyeril of Montpellier's library; (4) a descrip- tion of French library infrastructure- organization, buildings, administration, classification, personnel-in essays by several authors, with descriptions of library service approaches which to foreigners can sound both familiar (Computerization Is under Way) and endearingly French (La Fonction Patri- moniale); (5) a section on networking giv- ing the French approach to dealing with what every librarian elsewhere knows, that computers and the information that they offer are here to stay, and that they must and may be dealt with effectively and even happily; and, finally, (6) a for- eign, comparative perspective, including (a) an introspective essay on Germany by Gernot Gable of Cologne, (b) a wist- ful, grass is always greener report on a tour of modern German library build- ings by the French librarian Marie- France Bisbrouck, (c) a startlingly bleak current assessment of university librar- ies in the United Kingdom, by Derek Law (King's College, London), and (d) an optimistic and encouraging account of a Dutch approach so successful that it 284 College & Research Libraries is being adopted beyond Dutch frontiers by PICA's Look Casters. So Daniel Renault's book-a tightly drawn compilation of essays by leading thinkers from France and other European countries-can provide back- ground indispensable for understanding both the current general travails of French university libraries and a few of the problems now dawning for university li- braries in the United States and elsewhere, in networking and other areas.
    keywords: french; libraries; university
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        item: #3201 of 5668
          id: crl-14973
      author: Okerson, Ann
       title: Copyright, Fair Use, and the Challenge for Universities: Promoting the Progress of Higher Education (Book Review)
        date: 1995-05-01
       words: 1683
      flesch: 57
     summary: Library users on one cam- pus might have the networked version of WilsonDisc, the Oxford English Diction- ary, or UPI newsfeed. The book provides a general, comparative, and thoughtful understand- ing of the current situation of university libraries in France, and, more generally, of academic libraries everywhere, as they encounter problems of political, finan- cial, demographic, and computer origin.
    keywords: book; copyright; libraries
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        item: #3202 of 5668
          id: crl-14974
      author: Clark, Virginia
       title: Empire of Words: The Reign of the OED (Book Review)
        date: 1995-05-01
       words: 2472
      flesch: 57
     summary: Five of the other seven chapters scrutinize particular sources of citations: Shakespeare in general; nice citations of The Taming of the Shrew to identify and examine different ways in which quota- tions may be used; the most cited authors and titles Willinsky labels The Victorian Canon (two chapters); and the modern authors cited in the supple- ment. Two strands of scholarly inquiry are interwoven here: the familiar revision- ism that reexamines events and sources for the overlooked contributions of the people and the perhaps less familiar con- cern with the politics of citation, to con- strue politics in its wider sense.
    keywords: book; chapters; oed; willinsky
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        item: #3203 of 5668
          id: crl-14975
      author: Shore, Bradd
       title: Fieldwork in the Library: A Guide to Anthropology and Related Area Studies (Book Review)
        date: 1995-05-01
       words: 1298
      flesch: 48
     summary: ogy and prehistory, ethnology and cul- tural anthropology, and anthropological linguistics and biological anthropology. The response averaged three questionnaires per institution and rep- resented 131 institutions.
    keywords: anthropology; book
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        item: #3204 of 5668
          id: crl-14978
      author: Lehmann, Stephen
       title: Library Journals and Academic Librarianship in Germany: A Sketch
        date: 1995-07-01
       words: 7645
      flesch: 46
     summary: In recent years Bibliothekspolitik has been the subject of a number of articles in German library journals, perhaps ap- pearing too irregularly to constitute an ongoing debate, but nevertheless keep- ing the subject of library politics alive and in general consciousness. College and Research Libraries Library Journals and Academic Librarianship in Germany: A Sketch Stephen Lehmann Based partly on interviews with German library journal editors and other German librarians
    keywords: academic; articles; german; german library; journals; librarianship; libraries; library; library journals; national; und
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        item: #3205 of 5668
          id: crl-14979
      author: Sylvia, Margaret; Lesher, Marcella
       title: What Journals Do Psychology Graduate Students Need? A Citation Analysis of Thesis References
        date: 1995-07-01
       words: 3177
      flesch: 55
     summary: This study used the biblio- graphic citations found in theses and dissertations of graduate students in the psychology and counseling departments of the university, cost-per-use statis- tics, and shelving statistics to develop a basis for psychology journal selection in the Academic Library. These titles were not consid- TABLE 1 CITATION COUNTS IN RANKED ORDER OF FREQUENCY No. of Gtations Title 33 *Personnel Psychology 30 *Hispanic Journal of Behavior Sciences 28 *Journal of Counseling Psychology 26 *Journal of Applied Psychology 24 *Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 23 *American Psychologist 23 International Journal of the Addictions 21 * Counselor Education and Supervision 21 * Nature (ordered for another department)
    keywords: collection; journal; psychology; titles
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        item: #3206 of 5668
          id: crl-14980
      author: Black, Leah; Hyslop, Colleen
       title: Telecommuting for Original Cataloging at the Michigan State University Libraries
        date: 1995-07-01
       words: 2577
      flesch: 46
     summary: As technologi- cal advances continue to influence library cataloging applications, creating cataloging records from work sites outside the library is an attractive option for addressing library work environment concerns. Access to voice and electronic mail en- sured effective communication channels between the telecommuting cataloger and other library staff members and col- leagues.
    keywords: cataloging; library; telecommuting; work
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        item: #3207 of 5668
          id: crl-14981
      author: Groen, Frances K.
       title: Electronic and Print Information: Active Distribution and Passive Retention in Relation to a Murder—A Case Study
        date: 1995-07-01
       words: 3558
      flesch: 47
     summary: If electronic information plays a similar role with respect to the print culture, information professionals must possess a strong and defined value system. Factors that helped to shape library policy were: (1) the reality that distribution of the alt.fan.karla.homolka usergroup was in violation of the court order, (2) the vari- ety of institutional responses received from directors of Canadian libraries, (3) the complexity of screening informa- tion as it arrived in libraries, (4) the va- riety of formats in which information was available, and most significantly, (5) the librarians' value system as ex- pressed in the statement of the Canadian Association of Research Libraries and in discussion with McGill librarians.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; university
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        item: #3208 of 5668
          id: crl-14982
      author: Graham, Peter S.
       title: Requirements for the Digital Research Library
        date: 1995-07-01
       words: 5747
      flesch: 50
     summary: A digital research library (DRL) is a collection of electronic information organized for use in the long term. The primary requirement for a digital re- search library is that from the start it be committed to organizing, storing, and providing electronic information.
    keywords: access; digital; electronic; information; libraries; library; long; preservation; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14982.pdf
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        item: #3209 of 5668
          id: crl-14984
      author: Echavarria, Tami; Mitchell, W. Bede; Newsome, Karen Liston; Peters, Thomas A.; Wentz, Deleyne
       title: Encouraging Research through Electronic Mentoring: A Case Study (Research Note)
        date: 1995-07-01
       words: 6352
      flesch: 58
     summary: Instead, group members were unfamiliar with the venue, research techniques, and terminology so that most participants had difficulty articulating their interests and research ideas. The post- ings to the list seemed to be indicating that we had research projects indi- vidually under way and yet I had no July 1995 clue how or where to start.
    keywords: electronic; group; library; mentoring; participants; project; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14984.pdf
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        item: #3210 of 5668
          id: crl-14985
      author: Hazen, Dan C.
       title: Future Libraries: Dreams, Madness, and Reality (Book Review)
        date: 1995-07-01
       words: 1225
      flesch: 56
     summary: Electronic data can, be instantaneously routed to re- mote computer terminals whether in libraries or schools, workplaces or homes. Future Libraries is founded in a candid liberal faith in libraries, knowledge, and informed democratic decision making.
    keywords: book; libraries
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        item: #3211 of 5668
          id: crl-14986
      author: Olsen, Mark
       title: Designing Usable Electronic Text: Ergonomic Aspects of Human Information Usage (Book Review)
        date: 1995-07-01
       words: 1387
      flesch: 52
     summary: Andrew Dillon's examination of the ergonomics of electronic text thus falls within a long tradition of book/print design. As in the Renaissance, the new technology of electronic text requires a systematic assessment of the strengths of older technologies, such as print, and models which will make exploitation of the new technology more effective and marketable.
    keywords: electronic; text
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        item: #3212 of 5668
          id: crl-14987
      author: Ryan, Michael T.
       title: A Potencie of Life: Books in Society (Book Review)
        date: 1995-07-01
       words: 2086
      flesch: 57
     summary: There are a great many published aids for booksellers, book collectors, and li- brarians, guiding them through the maze of buying and selling books, de- scribing and preserving them, calling at- tention to their most arcane attributes, and otherwise providing aid and corn- fort to bibliographical tyros as well as to those more seasoned in the art of biblio- phily. The fact that so much has .happened in the field since 1986 blunts the urgency that Barker seems to want to impart to the volume, but li- brarians who either teach the history of the book or who are called on to do occasional presentations to classes on book history, have here a useful collec- tion to consult.
    keywords: book; electronic; history
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        item: #3213 of 5668
          id: crl-14988
      author: Joyce, William L.
       title: Antiquarian Books: A Companion for Booksellers, Librarians, and Collectors (Book Review)
        date: 1995-07-01
       words: 866
      flesch: 49
     summary: Others are more specialized in subjects such as bibliography, the use of rare book catalogs, the practice and management of rare book and special collections in libraries, directories of booksellers, book collectors and librari- ans, and so forth, all claiming some ex- pertise in guiding the knowledgeable and the gullible alike. There are a great many published aids for booksellers, book collectors, and li- brarians, guiding them through the maze of buying and selling books, de- scribing and preserving them, calling at- tention to their most arcane attributes, and otherwise providing aid and corn- fort to bibliographical tyros as well as to those more seasoned in the art of biblio- phily.
    keywords: book; booksellers
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14988.pdf
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        item: #3214 of 5668
          id: crl-14990
      author: Baker, Robert K.
       title: Guest Editorial: Working with Our Teaching Faculty
        date: 1995-09-01
       words: 1659
      flesch: 52
     summary: It is this latter finding that really controls the first two, for teaching faculty really do not hold the expectation about student library use that librarians do. Study after study from the 1960s onward has indicated that there is no reliable correlation between library use and academic achievement; that a rela- tively small proportion of library users usually account for a disproportionately high amount of a library's circulation; and that student library use is most often driven by faculty demand.
    keywords: college; information; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14990.pdf
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        item: #3215 of 5668
          id: crl-14993
      author: De Stefano, Paula
       title: Use-Based Selection for Preservation Microfilming
        date: 1995-09-01
       words: 6723
      flesch: 53
     summary: Moreover, some respondents indicated that items selected through use were given a more thorough review than those reviewed for collection- based preservation projects.26 In discussing Ogden's condition and use method of selection for preservation, Atkinson agrees that such an approach could represent a complementary system of cooperation, but renounces it on the grounds that if institutions based their se- lection decisions upon local decisions alone, the net result could be an uncoor- dinated and randomly developed na- tional collection. Sole reliance on the collection-based , or subject- based, approach to preserving brittle books has dominated microfilm- ing activities in the nation's research libraries.
    keywords: books; brittle; collection; libraries; preservation; research; selection; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14993.pdf
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        item: #3216 of 5668
          id: crl-14994
      author: Payson, Evelyn
       title: The Vertical File: Retain or Discard?
        date: 1995-09-01
       words: 5112
      flesch: 59
     summary: Evelyn Payson Should academic libraries maintain vertical files in an era of increased competition for scarce library resources? This study discusses the costs and benefits of vertical files and analyzes the results of a survey sent to 171 academic libraries at four-year, nondoctoral campuses in six midwestern states in the summer of 1993.
    keywords: file; libraries; material; time; vertical
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14994.pdf
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        item: #3217 of 5668
          id: crl-14995
      author: Mcilvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1994
        date: 1995-09-01
       words: 7895
      flesch: 63
     summary: The major emphasis of this guide is on individual poets and a typical entry for a poet includes a brief biography, criti- cal appraisal, list of major works, and a bibliography. As the work stands, it seems an advocate for the virtues of nation states in the face of the emerging European union.-J.S. New Editions and Supplements The third edition of the Bibliography of Canadian Bibliographies, edited and com- piled by Ernie Ingles (Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Pr., 1994.
    keywords: american; bibliography; books; entries; history; literature; new; reference; women; work; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14995.pdf
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        item: #3218 of 5668
          id: crl-14996
      author: Fiscella, Joan B.; Proctor, Edward
       title: An Approach to Assessing Faculty Use of Locally Loaded Databases (Research Note)
        date: 1995-09-01
       words: 6550
      flesch: 63
     summary: A survey was used to study faculty use of, preferences for, and satisfac- tion with either the SPIRES/Prism or the BAS MENTOR interfaces for locally loaded Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC). home N=79 N=71 N=67 N=65 N=65 Used local ERIC 18/24 11/21 16/22 12/18 8/20 75.0% 52.4% 72.7% 66.7% 40.0% Did not use local ERIC 26/55
    keywords: databases; eric; faculty; loaded; online; spires; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14996.pdf
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        item: #3219 of 5668
          id: crl-14997
      author: Kessler, Jack
       title: Les Catalogues en Ligne: Eenquete a al Mediatheque de la Cites des Sciences et de l'Industrie (Book Review)
        date: 1995-09-01
       words: 1220
      flesch: 58
     summary: The Minitel is, after all, a uniquely French institution: no other nation can boast or complain of an 460 extensive national videotex network on which it already has trained generations of computer users. One-American-question which might be asked of these researchers is the effect of prior exposure to the Minitel on these library OPAC users.
    keywords: library; opac
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14997.pdf
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        item: #3220 of 5668
          id: crl-14998
      author: Parrine, Mary Jane
       title: Biblioteche e Bibliografia: Vademecum desciplinare e professionale (Book Review)
        date: 1995-09-01
       words: 2469
      flesch: 52
     summary: The largest part of the book is devoted to bibliography and biblio- graphic description (six sections), fol- lowed by libraries and library history (three large sections), and the education and image of librarians (three sections). A final essay, actually the last of the critical pieces to appear in Serrai' s journal, offers a bitter last word that re- flects profound demoralization with the state of Italian libraries in general and with what the author sees as a mindless turn toward computopia.
    keywords: libraries; library; new; serrai
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14998.pdf
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        item: #3221 of 5668
          id: crl-14999
      author: Still, Julie
       title: Invisible Rendezvous: Connection and Collaboration in the New Landscape of Electronic Writing (Book Review)
        date: 1995-09-01
       words: 1118
      flesch: 59
     summary: These manifestations included the ban- ning of South African scholars from con- ferences, rejection of manuscripts by South African scholars for publication, nonrecognition of South African degrees, etc. _ tions they and publishers took to isolate South African scholarship.
    keywords: invisible; new
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-14999.pdf
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        item: #3222 of 5668
          id: crl-15000
      author: Walther, Robert
       title: The Economics of Information in the 1990s (Book Review)
        date: 1995-09-01
       words: 574
      flesch: 56
     summary: These manifestations included the ban- ning of South African scholars from con- ferences, rejection of manuscripts by South African scholars for publication, nonrecognition of South African degrees, etc. _ tions they and publishers took to isolate South African scholarship.
    keywords: issues
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        item: #3223 of 5668
          id: crl-15003
      author: Lehmann, Stephen
       title: Out in the Cold; Academic Boycotts and the Isolation of South Africa (Book Review)
        date: 1995-09-01
       words: 901
      flesch: 57
     summary: These manifestations included the ban- ning of South African scholars from con- ferences, rejection of manuscripts by South African scholars for publication, nonrecognition of South African degrees, etc. _ tions they and publishers took to isolate South African scholarship.
    keywords: issues; uncover
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15003.pdf
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        item: #3224 of 5668
          id: crl-15004
      author: Walther, Robert
       title: Building Partnerships (Book Review)
        date: 1995-09-01
       words: 331
      flesch: 60
     summary: UnCover UnCover UnCover UnCover 50S 6 million articles from Reveal Complete Order articles by fax, 20,000 multidisciplinary Electronic TOC Pre-1989 journals phone, e-mail or post periodicals delivered by service with can be ordered from UnCover's Single fax in 24 hours or less user profiling online Order Source service The UnCover Company E-mail: uncover@carl.org 380 I East Florida Avenue, Suite 200 D Denver, CO 8021 0, USA Phone: 1-800-787-7979 D Fax: 303-758-5946 Readmore, Inc. . .. Articles 22 Cortlandt Street New York, NY I 0007 Phone: 1-800-221-3306 UnCover is a service of Readmore, Inc.
    keywords: uncover
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15004.pdf
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        item: #3225 of 5668
          id: crl-15005
      author: St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Editorial: The Future of Scholarship
        date: 1995-11-01
       words: 1653
      flesch: 52
     summary: Scholarly information: Stanley Chod- orow, provost of the University of Penn- sylvania, predicted the continuation of print for a long, long time, but the end of an era when scholarly text was fixed. The digital library may cede its place in the geographical center of campus but specialist librarians should not cede their place at the center of the production and interpretation of scholarly information.
    keywords: information; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15005.pdf
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        item: #3226 of 5668
          id: crl-15009
      author: Alire, Camila A.; Stielow, Frederick J.
       title: Minorities and the Symbolic Potential of the Academic Library: Reinventing Tradition
        date: 1995-11-01
       words: 5295
      flesch: 53
     summary: Success- ful mentoring of minority library fac- ulty can make the difference in their success not only in their primary job but also in their research and service requirements . Minority students often remain apart.
    keywords: academic; american; libraries; library; minority; research; students; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15009.pdf
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        item: #3227 of 5668
          id: crl-15010
      author: Gravois, James
       title: Comparing Libraries of Public Historically Black Colleges and Universities with Their White Counterparts
        date: 1995-11-01
       words: 5208
      flesch: 69
     summary: Even so, despite the limitations of this study, the data pre- sented here appear to demonstrate un- equal treatment of HBCU libraries in sev- eral states. Would a snapshot comparison of public HBCU libraries with public non-HBCU libraries verify such improvement?
    keywords: hbcus; non; salary; staff; student
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15010.pdf
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        item: #3228 of 5668
          id: crl-15011
      author: Ball, Patricia
       title: African American Male Library Administrators in Public and Academic Libraries
        date: 1995-11-01
       words: 8183
      flesch: 54
     summary: African American male library administrators have distinctive demographic characteristics, educational backgrounds, pro- fessional characteristics, career patterns, and perceptions. The majority (44.4%) of African American male library adminis- trators are between forty-six and fifty-five years of age, married (53.9%), and have no children (42.3%).
    keywords: administrators; african; american; black; institutions; library; problem; respondents
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15011.pdf
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        item: #3229 of 5668
          id: crl-15012
      author: Budd, John M.
       title: Faculty Publishing Productivity: An Institutional Analysis and Comparison with Library and Other Measures (Research Note)
        date: 1995-11-01
       words: 3999
      flesch: 55
     summary: Moreover, the chi-square test is applied to raw publications with per capita publications. As part of a cross- tabulation function created by SPSS/PC+, the chi-square test is performed on each pair of variables: publications by vol- umes, publications by total expenditures, per capita publications by volumes, per capita publications by total expenditures, etc.
    keywords: faculty; publications; publishing; variables
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15012.pdf
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        item: #3230 of 5668
          id: crl-15013
      author: Barker, Joseph W.
       title: Still a Man's World: Men Who Do "Women's" Work (Book Review)
        date: 1995-11-01
       words: 1187
      flesch: 54
     summary: Men rise by the glass escalator to assume these mas- culine roles, helped by the fact that they make more hiring decisions than women. Men, composing less than fifteen percent of these four female-dominated professions, do not suffer marginaliza- tion, mockery, and ostracism from women as do women from men in men's fields.
    keywords: men; women
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        item: #3231 of 5668
          id: crl-15016
      author: Blakely, Elizabeth
       title: Knowledge-Based Systems for General Reference Work, Applications, Problems, and Progress (Book Review)
        date: 1995-11-01
       words: 944
      flesch: 52
     summary: An extremely well-annotated directory and review of extant KBS systems offers an overview of most KBS work to date. To do all this, the author moves through expert system definitions, feasibility discussions, reference transaction modeling, develop- ment of knowledge bases, shell evalua- tion, discussion of user interface issues (from the view of both developer and us- ers), and reviews of current progress in developing KBS.
    keywords: book; kbs
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        item: #3232 of 5668
          id: crl-15018
      author: St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Editorial: Poverty into Wealth
        date: 1996-01-01
       words: 1256
      flesch: 50
     summary: Dow maintains that the library Editorial 7 as a philosophical construct, whose in- trinsic worth on campus is mandated by its very existence, is impractical and out of step with the operating environment of higher education at the end of the 20th century. Meanwhile, we must in- vent ways to make our vision of the ben- efits of higher education as powerful to the public as the vision of incarcerated 8 College & Research Libraries criminals.
    keywords: education; library
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        item: #3233 of 5668
          id: crl-15019
      author: Stoller, Michael A.; Christopherson, Robert; Miranda, Michael
       title: The Economics of Professional Journal Pricing
        date: 1996-01-01
       words: 7507
      flesch: 54
     summary: 26 In fact, the Robinson-Patman Act could not possibly apply to journal price dis- crimination because it is a piece of depres- sion era legislation aimed at protecting small competitors from large ones (most notably from A&P, the retail giant of the 1930s). 11 fter more than two decades of extraordinary inflation, pro- f~ssiona~ journal prices con- tinue to mcrease at rates sev- eral times as high as the American economy's overall inflation rate and far higher than the rate of cost increase in the journal publishing industry.14 Academic economists, marketing researchers, librar- ians, And paid economic consultants have undertaken economic analyses of journal markets in order to explain the high rates of price increase and the great extent of price discrimination against libraries and United States buyers in general.
    keywords: discrimination; journal; libraries; library; monopoly; price; pricing; publishers
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        item: #3234 of 5668
          id: crl-15020
      author: Meyer, Terry; Spencer, John
       title: A Citation Analysis Study of Library Science: Who Cites Librarians?
        date: 1996-01-01
       words: 5253
      flesch: 58
     summary: To explore whether scholars outside the field of library science cite articles from library science journals, this study presents research data that use ci- tation analysis to identify which fields cite the literature of library and information science. From previ- ous research, such as those examples mentioned in the literature review, the authors know that librarians who pub- lish in library science journals tend to cite library literature.
    keywords: information; journals; library; science
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        item: #3235 of 5668
          id: crl-15021
      author: Karp, Rashelle S.; Keck, Andrew J.
       title: Theological Librarianship: Toward a Profile of a Profession
        date: 1996-01-01
       words: 4199
      flesch: 40
     summary: However, the literature of librarianship is strangely silent on the topic of theological librarianship, and especially on issues that are unique to theological librarians-those who work with theologically or religiously focused collections or libraries that support the education and training of people preparing for the ministry. IM,..~jijl search of Library ·Literature (1984-1994) yields fewer than forty citations on the topic of theological libraries or librar- ians; a major review of the literature writ- ten between 1924 and 1984 on the topic cites only another twenty-five articles. 1 Selected studies that are considered land- marks include a 1934 study of ministerial education; a 1957 study of theological edu- cation; a 1970 demographic survey of members of the American Theological Li- brary Association (ATLA); surveys in 1971 and 1980 regarding faculty status among theological librarians; and a 1984 survey concerning unique problems facing theo- logical librarians of the 1990s.2-7 The literature on theological librarian- ship notes: (1) the need for theological li- brarians to acquire library, theological li- brary, and theological professional edu- cation; (2) a paradox that theological li- brarians must formulate collection devel- opment policies that are not denomina- tional but collections that are; (3) the criti- cal role of theological librarians as pres- ervationists and developers of special cataloging and classification schemes that provide differentiation among specialized and diverse denominational resources; and (4) definitions of theological librar- ians as people performing ministry and as people who provide linkages among theology, church, scholarship, education, diverse constituencies, and both scholarly and popular literature.
    keywords: librarians; librarianship; library; percent; respondents; theological
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        item: #3236 of 5668
          id: crl-15022
      author: Naismith, Rachael
       title: Reference Communication: Commonalities in the Worlds of Medicine and Librarianship
        date: 1996-01-01
       words: 7805
      flesch: 48
     summary: 30 In the library world, some measures of library user satisfaction are part of major evaluation studies. This could be because li- Reference Communication 45 brarians are doing just fine at communi- cating with library users.
    keywords: communication; information; interview; librarians; library; medical; patient; physician; reference
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        item: #3237 of 5668
          id: crl-15025
      author: Farr, W. Ken; Scott, R. Neil
       title: Earnings Determinants of Library Faculty of the University System of Georgia (Research Note)
        date: 1996-01-01
       words: 5894
      flesch: 53
     summary: Given ACRL' s desire to encourage college administrators to treat academic library faculty equally to com- parably ranked faculty in other disciplines, this finding suggests that the reward struc- ture for research activities may not be in place to support the promotion provisions of the Standards. Previous studies have found that wages in the academic setting are, in gen- eral, significantly determined by such in- stitutional factors as intellectual activities, job performance, experience, and admin- istrative responsibilities.3-10 However, ear- lier studies focused attention primarily on traditional academic faculty, thus the role that these factors play in determin- ing the earnings of library faculty is un- clear as rewards for factor endowments are often market specific.
    keywords: earnings; faculty; gender; library; model; salary
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        item: #3238 of 5668
          id: crl-15026
      author: Sartori, Eva M.
       title: Academic Libraries: Their Rationale and Role in American Higher Education (Book Review)
        date: 1996-01-01
       words: 1199
      flesch: 49
     summary: Charles Newman asserts that the posi- tion of academic library director as we know it today is quickly becoming ex- tinct, a fact borne out by the number of library deans and directors who have re- cently been appointed as heads of infor- mation units overseeing computing cen- ters, telecommunications, and even the university press, in addition to the library. This ambitious volume calls upon a cadre of international specialists, ranging from scholars to practitioners, to inform the reader about the past and future status of book publishing.
    keywords: book; publishing
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        item: #3239 of 5668
          id: crl-15027
      author: Brogan, Martha L.
       title: International Book Publishing: An Encyclopedia (Book Review)
        date: 1996-01-01
       words: 1205
      flesch: 48
     summary: The first part, Topics in Publishing, consists of thirty-four essays on types of publishing (e.g., college textbook, elec- tronic, reference, university press); sociopolitical aspects of publishing (e.g., copyright, freedom of the press, publish- ing in the Third World); and the econom- ics of publishing (e.g., book marketing, bookselling, international book produc- tion statistics). This ambitious volume calls upon a cadre of international specialists, ranging from scholars to practitioners, to inform the reader about the past and future status of book publishing.
    keywords: book; encyclopedia; publishing
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        item: #3240 of 5668
          id: crl-15028
      author: Kieft, Robert
       title: Reference and Information Services: An Introduction (Book Review)
        date: 1996-01-01
       words: 1872
      flesch: 51
     summary: ity of reference service, about personal qualities and behaviors, the people who offer and use reference services, it has less to say than it might. These country-based essays de- scribe at length the cultural context that characterizes book publishing.
    keywords: chapter; publishing; reference
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        item: #3241 of 5668
          id: crl-15029
      author: De Belder, Kurt
       title: Literary Texts in an Electronic Age: Scholarly Implications and Library Services (Book Review)
        date: 1996-01-01
       words: 2512
      flesch: 51
     summary: Susan Hockey offers a succinct histori- cal overview of electronic texts in the humanities since the 1940s, emphasizing the necessity of descriptive markup that recognizes the structural components of texts and demonstrating the ways in which some of the lessons learned have been applied to digital imaging. Scholars with solid experience in this area could have ex- plored the possibilities and limitations of these systems; the ways in which elec- tronic texts can further current research; new areas of humanities research that now can be effectively tapped by using electronic texts; the searching capabilities and effectiveness comparing the SGML- encoded text corpora to the ARTFL data- base (Chicago) of French texts that does not use SGML; the usefulness and/ or limitations of minim a l structural markup and the possible need for more sophisticated but expensive higher-level markup; innovative ways of incorporat- ing electronic texts in day-to-day teach- ing, their requirements of and needs for analytical tools; and the impact of these systems on humanities research method- ology.
    keywords: electronic; images; library; texts
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        item: #3242 of 5668
          id: crl-15031
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1996-01-01
       words: 516
      flesch: 67
     summary: The author laudably tried to make his study comparable with earlier studies in academic libraries. A similar effort would be valuable in carefully defining censor- ship, and also perhaps in using such data to compare censorship in academic librar- ies with that in public libraries.
    keywords: censorship
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        item: #3243 of 5668
          id: crl-15032
      author: Breivik, Patricia Senn
       title: Guest Editorial: Working Together for a Better Tomorrow
        date: 1996-03-01
       words: 1549
      flesch: 58
     summary: Quot- ing from University of Virginia president John Casteen, he emphasized three points: (1) unity within the state higher education systems is essential for public support, (2) national organizations must be willing to work on a partnership ba- sis with key state interests, and (3) ad- vocacy for higher education must attract third party supporters who will state our case because, in part, we are meeting their needs. Librarians have a lot to offer, but that potential will come to naught unless librarians can act in unity within states, unless we can work in part- nership among our state and regional chapters and ACRL, and unless we can get other nonlibrarian advocates to cham- pion our cause.
    keywords: acrl; librarians
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        item: #3244 of 5668
          id: crl-15034
      author: Mancini, Alice Duhon
       title: Evaluating Commercial Document Suppliers: Improving Access to Current Journal Literature
        date: 1996-03-01
       words: 4901
      flesch: 57
     summary: • Can commercial document services be integrated into traditional ILL units? The study found that commercial suppliers cannot replace traditional interlibrary services but do play an important role in an overall document delivery plan.
    keywords: commercial; document; services; suppliers; titles; utk
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        item: #3245 of 5668
          id: crl-15035
      author: Allen, Frank R.
       title: Materials Budgets in the Electronic Age: A Survey of Academic Libraries
        date: 1996-03-01
       words: 5639
      flesch: 61
     summary: For instance, those studies could be used to estimate the amount of library materials budgets being spent on binding and preservation. In addition, only 23 percent think that materials budgets should be limited to materi- als in a traditional sense.
    keywords: budget; libraries; materials; percent; respondents; support
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        item: #3246 of 5668
          id: crl-15036
      author: Hurd, Julie M.
       title: ARL Academic Science and Technology Libraries: Report of a Survey
        date: 1996-03-01
       words: 6708
      flesch: 47
     summary: Exploring how science libraries are partici- pating in these developments might pro- vide a focus for a future investigation. In 1984 the section established an ad hoc task force to collect statistics on stand- alone science and technology libraries.
    keywords: arl; committee; data; libraries; science; survey; technology
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        item: #3247 of 5668
          id: crl-15037
      author: Hsieh-Yee, Ingrid
       title: Student Use of Online Catalogs and Other Information Channels
        date: 1996-03-01
       words: 7403
      flesch: 57
     summary: Views on ALADIN searches. As table 6 illustrates, students' views on ALADIN searches were generally positive.
    keywords: aladin; information; online; research; students; subject; use
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        item: #3248 of 5668
          id: crl-15038
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1994-1995
        date: 1996-03-01
       words: 9416
      flesch: 63
     summary: Listings by profession and by organizational or governmental affilia- tion provide an additional means of searching out entries, and a list of the re- cipients of honors and awards (but not the awards they received!) and a list of published works cited in the various en- tries also are provided. A search of the RUN and Historical Abstracts (DA20) databases does yield a few more titles of relevant works in English, and the initial listing of reference works and bibli- ographies seems unduly narrow, but these do nothing to diminish the valuable ser- vice the author has performed in bring- ing together so much of the English lan- guage literature on the topic in one place.
    keywords: american; black; entries; history; index; information; isbn; literature; new; reference; volume; war; works
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        item: #3249 of 5668
          id: crl-15040
      author: Campbell, James
       title: Networked Scholarly Publishing (Book Review)
        date: 1996-03-01
       words: 1943
      flesch: 53
     summary: In li- braries and in scholarly coqununication generally, electronic journals hold both the greatest near-term possibility of revo- lution and also pose the most pressing challenge of deciding just what to do with them. This issue of Library Trends is required reading for anyone who is beginning to grapple with electronic journals, electronic information generally, or the changes in scholarly communication.
    keywords: electronic; libraries; library
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        item: #3250 of 5668
          id: crl-15041
      author: Wilson, Patrick
       title: The Closing of American Library Schools: Problems and Opportunities (Book Review)
        date: 1996-03-01
       words: 1277
      flesch: 58
     summary: Larry Ostler and Therrin C. Dahlin, librar- ians at BYU and part-time library school instructors (presumably at the now closed BYU library school), contribute sixty pages, briefly discussing the history of library education and the social changes affecting it, the nature of the profession of librarian, the need for strategic plan- ning, and the importance of accreditation for schools and certification for practitio- ners; and then offer a proposal to revamp the system of library education. A four-page con- cluding chapter abruptly suggests that the force of new information technologies will make librarians redefine their work; that the term librarian has become anach- ronistic; and that what may be needed is a new type of information professional who is expert in the new information technologies and educated in a new sort of professional school of information studies or communication and informa- tion systems, which would result from library education joining forces with edu- cators in (unspecified) information and communication fields.
    keywords: information; library
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        item: #3251 of 5668
          id: crl-15042
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: Women's Work: Vision and Change in Librarianship; Women, Information, and the Future: Collecting and Sharing Resources Worldwide (Book Review)
        date: 1996-03-01
       words: 1654
      flesch: 59
     summary: Mary Niles Maack, in Women As Vision- aries, Mentors, and Agents of Change, outlines the dismal regression of women library school faculty from the age of missionaries and mentors (1887-1923) through a transitional period of professionalization that began to exclude women (1923-1950) to the era of the mas- culine professoriate (1951-present). Another kind of missionary zeal char- acterizes Women, Information, and the Fu- ture: to empower women by organizing and disseminating information on legal rights, health, employment, politics, and the environment.
    keywords: information; library; women
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        item: #3252 of 5668
          id: crl-15043
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1996-03-01
       words: 469
      flesch: 65
     summary: To the Editor: Jon M. Suter, Ph.D. Director of the Library Houston Baptist University I have no quibble with the logical con- clusion that Carolyn W. Jardine reaches in Maybe the 55 Percent Rule Doesn't Tell the Whole Story (C&RL 56 [Nov. 1995]: 477~85), namely, that positive be- 193 havioral traits will result in greater user satisfaction.
    keywords: editor
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        item: #3253 of 5668
          id: crl-15044
      author: St. Clair, Gloriana
       title: Editorial: Endings and Beginnings
        date: 1996-05-01
       words: 1200
      flesch: 62
     summary: School Year=9x updates per year, August-April updates Quarterly=4x updates per year, February, May, August, November Wilson Applied Science & Technology Abstracts Monthly: $ 2,495 School Year: $ 1,875 Quarterly: $ 1,245 Wilson Art Abstracts Monthly : School Year: Quarterly: $ 2,495 $ 1,875 $ 1,245 Wilson Business Abstracts Monthly: $ 2,495 School Year: $ 1,875 Quarterly : $ 1,245 Wilson Education Abstracts Monthly: $ 2,295 School Year: $ 1,725 Quarterly : $ 1, 14 5 Wilson General Science Abstracts Monthly: School Year: $ 1, 725 New!
    keywords: abstracts; year
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        item: #3254 of 5668
          id: crl-15045
      author: Stoffle, Carla J.; Renaud, Robert; Veldof, Jerilyn R.
       title: Choosing Our Futures
        date: 1996-05-01
       words: 7691
      flesch: 56
     summary: At the same time, the price of failure to act now and to begin building the necessary new structures and para- digms will be the decay and degradation of library services and the narrowing of library roles to the point where it will be impossible to make the shift. 213 214 College & Research Libraries required is a transformation, not a refin- ing of organizational structure, work, and external and internal relationships, in- cluding those between and among all lev- els of library staff.
    keywords: academic; change; education; information; libraries; library; new; work
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        item: #3255 of 5668
          id: crl-15046
      author: Lee, Susan; Juergens, Bonnie; Werking, Richard Hume
       title: Commentaries on "Choosing Our Futures"
        date: 1996-05-01
       words: 4397
      flesch: 52
     summary: A Call to Arms Bonnie Juergens For this respondent, the bottom line in commenting on Choosing Our Futures is the answer to two questions: (1) How accurate are Stoffle, Renaud, and Veldof in defining the current academic library environment and explicating the need for change in academic libraries? Other changes included the establishment of public workstations for accessing Web sites and other portions of the Internet, as well as adding a num- ber of resource links to our homepage.
    keywords: academic; authors; change; libraries; library; research
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        item: #3256 of 5668
          id: crl-15047
      author: Metz, Paul; Stemmer, John
       title: A Reputational Study of Academic Publishers
        date: 1996-05-01
       words: 7315
      flesch: 49
     summary: In his discussion, Goedeken made the unsurprising obser- vation that Calhoun and Bracken's asser- tion that their ratios represented a mea- surement of publisher quality had gen- erated controversy based, in part, on the validity of comparisons between the book lists of university presses and trade pub- lishers.4 Although relevance and quality are plainly subjective attributes about which no one would expect to find scientifically validated or conclusive data, the impor- tance to librarians of having some reliable 236 College & Research Libraries basis for publisher judgments contrasts strikingly with the paucity of any sort of information on the topic. In the near absence of data that might indi- cate the overall perceptions the collection development community has about academic publishers, the authors distributed a reputational as- sessment survey to a national sample of heads of collection develop- ment in academic libraries.
    keywords: academic; book; collection; development; publishers; quality; relevance; respondents
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        item: #3257 of 5668
          id: crl-15048
      author: Avery, Christine; Ketchner, Kevin
       title: Do Instruction Skills Impress Employers?
        date: 1996-05-01
       words: 3155
      flesch: 51
     summary: Chris Avery and Kevin Ketchner Several members of the Education for Bibliographic Instruction Commit- tee (ACRL Instruction Section) conducted a pilot project to investigate the perceived importance of library instruction skills to employers, and whether instruction experience or coursework is important in getting a job for which library instruction is a stated responsibility. In thinking about ways to encourage the teaching of library instruction skills in library schools, com- mittee members realized that investigat- ing attitudes of employers toward library instruction might yield data lending fur- ther support to the idea of formal educa- tion in library instruction for library school· students.
    keywords: employers; instruction; library
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        item: #3258 of 5668
          id: crl-15050
      author: Dilmore, Donald H.
       title: Librarian/Faculty Interaction at Nine New England Colleges
        date: 1996-05-01
       words: 6057
      flesch: 52
     summary: College and Research Libraries Librarian/Faculty Interaction at Nine New England Colleges Donald H. Dilmore Faculty members play a central role on college and university campuses, and their perceptions of library service may be a key factor in the way the campus library is used and supported. However, research explor- ing librarian/ faculty communication and the possible relationship between that communication and faculty perceptions of library service and use of the library appears to be limited.
    keywords: faculty; faculty members; librarians; library; members; perceptions
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15050.pdf
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        item: #3259 of 5668
          id: crl-15051
      author: McCurley, Henry H.; Weisbrod, Elizabeth J.
       title: Use of Series Title Authority Cross-References at a Large University Library
        date: 1996-05-01
       words: 5075
      flesch: 63
     summary: Studies into how much series title searching occurs, what sorts of series searches users employ, and the types of series titles that benefit from cross-refer- ences may help determine how library catalogs can better serve users. It should be emphasized that these 2,793 searches do not represent the total number of series title searches that oc- curred during the period under exami- nation.
    keywords: authority; cross; references; series; title
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        item: #3260 of 5668
          id: crl-15052
      author: Koenig, Michael; Morrison, Ronald; Roberts, Linda
       title: Faculty Status for Library Professionals: Its Effect on Job Turnover and Job Satisfaction among University Research Library Directors
        date: 1996-05-01
       words: 3112
      flesch: 47
     summary: The findings were that there did, in fact, seem to be a positive rela- tionship between job satisfaction and faculty status. Job turnover by itself was quite unrelated to the issue of faculty status. ~~~ n 1973, Arthur McAnally and Robert Downs published a landmark article pointing out the recent dramatic increase in turnover rate among directors of uni- versity libraries.
    keywords: faculty; libraries; library; status
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        item: #3261 of 5668
          id: crl-15053
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Managing Change in the Nonprofit Sector (Book Review)
        date: 1996-05-01
       words: 1892
      flesch: 61
     summary: The NEH encouraged and supported program growth that emphasized collection use and outreach, and most of these institu- tions were quick to seize on the new avail- ability of federal funding to expand the reach and range of their efforts. The founding fa- thers left collections and endowments sufficient for these institutions to live off their investments until the postwar pe- riod.
    keywords: institutions; libraries; new
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        item: #3262 of 5668
          id: crl-15054
      author: Hazen, Dan C.
       title: Brief Tests of Collection Strength: A Methodology for All Types of Libraries (Book Review)
        date: 1996-05-01
       words: 1883
      flesch: 55
     summary: To cite a specific case, 95 percent of about 1,300 May 1996 newspaper and serial titles listed in one bibliography for provincial Peru are not represented in North American libraries. But, as the author ar- gues, collection evaluations are political artifacts as well as objective statements.
    keywords: libraries; reference; test
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        item: #3263 of 5668
          id: crl-15057
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Letters
        date: 1996-05-01
       words: 826
      flesch: 60
     summary: Richard Talbot, Lean Years and Fat Years: Lessons to Be Learned, in Bowker An- nual1984 (New Providence, N .J.: R. R. Bowker, 1984) 1 7 4-82. 4. Advisory Panel for Scientific Pubs., The Cost-Effectiveness of Science Journals, Pub- lishing Research Quarterly 8.3 (1992): 72-91.
    keywords: libraries; research
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        item: #3264 of 5668
          id: crl-15058
      author: Riggs, Donald E.
       title: Editorial: The Intellectual Side of Academic Librarianship
        date: 1996-07-01
       words: 1100
      flesch: 55
     summary: Library management should give the staff the flexibility to perform one's job more effectively; for example, self-managed teams should be encour- aged. Economic fac- tors are driving new funding models for academic libraries.
    keywords: academic; library
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        item: #3265 of 5668
          id: crl-15059
      author: Patterson, Lotsee; Taylor, Rhonda Harris
       title: Tribally Controlled Community College Libraries: A Paradigm for Survival
        date: 1996-07-01
       words: 6757
      flesch: 54
     summary: It is assumed that many of the chal- lenges endemic to tribal colleges are also ones affecting tribal college libraries and their management. As a vital part of both their college and tribal communities, tribal college libraries are a paradigm for educational and cultural survival.
    keywords: college; community; indian; libraries; library; respondents; table; tribal
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        item: #3266 of 5668
          id: crl-15060
      author: Sonntag, Gabriela; Ohr, Donna M.
       title: The Development of a Lower-Division, General Education, Course-Integrated Information Literacy Program
        date: 1996-07-01
       words: 4446
      flesch: 51
     summary: One of the most important, but least discussed, themes is that of information literacy. Information literacy is important not because it is controversial (everyone agrees that it is important) but, rather, because no traditional academic department has come forward to teach the as-yet-unidentified curriculum that comprises information literacy.
    keywords: education; faculty; information; library; literacy; program
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        item: #3267 of 5668
          id: crl-15061
      author: Stewart, Linda
       title: User Acceptance of Electronic Journals: Interviews with Chemists at Cornell University
        date: 1996-07-01
       words: 5433
      flesch: 60
     summary: Satisfaction of Requirements by Electronic Journals For each task or feature, users were asked if they felt that electronic journals, in CORE or any other system, could fill that need as adequately as print journals. July 1996 As Schaffner commented: Electronic journals must, at the start, at least serve the basic functions that print journals have traditionally served.
    keywords: articles; electronic; journals; system; text; users
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        item: #3268 of 5668
          id: crl-15063
      author: Via, Barbara J.
       title: Publishing in the Journal Literature of Library and Information Science: A Survey of Manuscript Review Processes and Acceptance
        date: 1996-07-01
       words: 5849
      flesch: 48
     summary: for Library 45-55 14 29-44 20 & Information Science Journal of Government 20 60 60 35 Information* Journal of the American 75 84 67 65 Society for Information Sci. Journal of Youth Services 50-60 21 25-60 57 & Libraries Libraries & Culture** 45 26 36 58 Library & Archival Security 6-10 13 30-83 85 Library & Information 30-40 50 30-53 50 Science Research Library Quarterly c. 54 46 24 26 Library Resources 41 38 32 83 & Technical Services Medical Reference Services 12 15 42 73 Quarterly Microform Review 3 6-8 100 100 Online 60 10 33 5 Public Libraries c: 40 30 20 56 Public Library Quarterly 30 10 67 90 RSR : Reference Services Review 10-20 20 50-100 70 Research Strategies 75 22 32 68.2 Resource Sharing and 10-15 14 c.90 80 Information Networks RQ 58 40 31 66 School Library Journal 300 284 10 11 School Library Media Quarterly 35 c. 60 38-43 c.20 Science & Technology Libraries 5-10 20-30 40-100 50 Special Libraries 25 34 48-52 61 Services 40 38 50 83 Microform Review 10 6-8 80 100 Notes 14 9 40 33 RQ 100 40 20 66 School Library Journal 300 284 10 11 School Library Media Quarterly# 20 c.60 3 20 Special Libraries 170 34 49 61 *Title (at the time of O'Connor & Van Orden 's survey) was Journal of Library Automation.
    keywords: information; journal; libraries; library; review; science
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        item: #3269 of 5668
          id: crl-15064
      author: Terry, James L.
       title: Authorship in "College & Research Libraries" Revisited: Gender, Institutional Affiliation, Collaboration
        date: 1996-07-01
       words: 3534
      flesch: 55
     summary: Whether considering primary authors or total authors, men continue to be more highly represented among authors from library schools. Ten years later, on the fiftieth anniver- sary of C&RL, Paul Metz selectively up- dated Cline's work, examining the above- mentioned variables and the extent of quantitative methodologies used in articles published in volumes 40 through 49 (1980- 88.)2 One of the most significant findings in Metz' s study was the dramatic increase in the representation of women authors in C& RL since 1979.
    keywords: authors; gender; library; women
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        item: #3270 of 5668
          id: crl-15066
      author: Tallent, Ed
       title: Flame Wars: The Discourse of Cyberculture (Book Review)
        date: 1996-07-01
       words: 1282
      flesch: 69
     summary: Now that I have that off my chest, I can say that Flame Wars offers an intrigu- ing mix of essays intended to remind us that our interaction with the world around us is increasingly mediated by computer technology. One chapter is an excerpt from the science fic- tion book Synners, which focuses on the entertainment industry of the future, an industry that will feature virtual reality.
    keywords: book; gates
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        item: #3271 of 5668
          id: crl-15067
      author: Olson, Michael P.
       title: The Road Ahead (Book Review)
        date: 1996-07-01
       words: 1244
      flesch: 67
     summary: Because library users will be able to access information through an in- creasing variety of ways, librarians will need to mediate the transfer of informa- tion. The CD holds more information than the pile of paper.
    keywords: gates; librarians
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        item: #3272 of 5668
          id: crl-15068
      author: Burg, Barbara A.
       title: The Internet Searcher's Handbook: Locating Information, People, and Software (Book Review)
        date: 1996-07-01
       words: 1182
      flesch: 59
     summary: The remaining three chapters focus on the three types of search services: virtual libraries, Internet directories, and search tools. Janes provides a useful classification scheme that organizes all the current Internet search services into three categories: vir- tual libraries (topical directories of se- lected resources), Internet directories (topical directories of all known re- sources), and search tools (search en- gines), which provide keyword search- ing capability.
    keywords: information; internet
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        item: #3273 of 5668
          id: crl-15070
      author: Riggs, Donald E.
       title: Editorial: Creating and Managing Change: Some Controversy, Some Level-Headedness
        date: 1996-09-01
       words: 1373
      flesch: 57
     summary: Fur- thermore, we are often reminded that when the only certainty is dramatic, un- predictable change, we can no longer rely on what worked in academic libraries in the past to be the best approach in the fu- ture. Unquestionably, the rate of change is occurring faster today than ever before in the history of academic libraries.
    keywords: change; libraries
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        item: #3274 of 5668
          id: crl-15073
      author: Carrigan, Dennis P.
       title: Data-Guided Collection Development: A Promise Unfulfilled
        date: 1996-09-01
       words: 4606
      flesch: 55
     summary: Respon- 432 College & Research Libraries dents were then asked if the data pro- duced by the system are regularly used in collection development decisions. College & Research Libraries Explaining Lack of Use The forty-five respondents who reported that their libraries use an automated cir- culation system, but that data produced by the system are not regularly used in collection development decisions, were asked to explain the lack of use.
    keywords: collection; data; development; libraries; use
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        item: #3275 of 5668
          id: crl-15074
      author: Harter, Stephen P.; Kim, Hak Joon
       title: Accessing Electronic Journals and Other E-Publications: An Empirical Study
        date: 1996-09-01
       words: 8990
      flesch: 60
     summary: Several e-journal directories are avail- able in both print and electronic form, 8 and some abstracting and indexing ser- In addition, the Life Status No. of E-journals authors could not determine the life status of four e-journals.
    keywords: access; articles; authors; electronic; information; journals; online; references
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        item: #3276 of 5668
          id: crl-15075
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1995-1996
        date: 1996-09-01
       words: 10418
      flesch: 62
     summary: Judaica Americana is a two-volume bibli- ography containing more than 7,000 an- notated entries of monographic and pe- riodical literature published between 1960 and 1990 on American Jewish history, in- cluding the United States, Canada, and Latin America. This monumental effort is the work of Nathan Kaganoff, a foremost bibliographer of American Jewish history and past librarian of the American Jew- ish Historical Society.
    keywords: african; american; articles; bibliography; entries; guide; history; index; isbn; literature; new; reference; volume; women; work
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        item: #3277 of 5668
          id: crl-15076
      author: Roberts, Gerald F.
       title: The Strength of a People: The Idea of an Informed Citizenry in America, 1650-1870 (Book Review)
        date: 1996-09-01
       words: 1258
      flesch: 62
     summary: In fact, his book can be read as a companion piece to other recent volumes that focus on the prob- lems of American democracy at the end of the twentieth century, including works such as Robert H. Wiebe's Self-Rule: A Cultural History of American Democracy (1995) and Lawrence K. Grossman's The Electronic Republic: Reshaping Democracy in the Information Age (1995). After the Revolution it was nurtured and shaped by Washing- ton, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, and oth- ers, although early American leaders dif- fered on how the citizenry should be- come educated and informed, and were ambivalent about the role of the common people in the new republic.
    keywords: citizenry; informed
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        item: #3278 of 5668
          id: crl-15078
      author: McMillan, Gary
       title: Poverty: A Global View: Handbook on International Poverty Research (Book Review)
        date: 1996-09-01
       words: 1198
      flesch: 47
     summary: This fifth publication from the Comparative Research Programme on Poverty (CROP) compiles a prodigious amount of information on alternative poverty conceptualizations, theories, September 1996 policies, and research, although it is not a handbook in the customary sense of the term nor strictly a comparative treatise on methodologies of poverty research, as the title might suggest. Individual chapters vary in comprehensiveness based on the history and volume of poverty research in a country.
    keywords: poverty; research
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        item: #3279 of 5668
          id: crl-15079
      author: Young, Noel D.
       title: Information Inequality: The Deepening Social Crisis in America (Book Review)
        date: 1996-09-01
       words: 1823
      flesch: 48
     summary: Individual chapters vary in comprehensiveness based on the history and volume of poverty research in a country. Unfortunately, the chapter focusing on the U.S. and Canada foot- notes the two leading national data col- lection agencies rather than specifically identifying poverty research initiatives (with the exception of reports emanating from the University of Wisconsin- Madison's Institute for Research on Pov- erty and the University of Michigan's Survey Research Center's Panel Study of Income Dynamics).
    keywords: information; poverty; schiller; social
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        item: #3280 of 5668
          id: crl-15080
      author: Wilson, Patrick
       title: Theories of the Information Society (Book Review)
        date: 1996-09-01
       words: 1951
      flesch: 55
     summary: In Webster's view, the accounts of postindustrial society, postmodernism, and the information city (actually the in- formation mode of development that figures in Castells's theory) support the idea of a new type of society resulting from information developments, where- as others, especially Schiller, Giddens, and Habermas, favor the claim that there has been no sharp break but, rather, de- velopment continuous with the past. The central question in this book by a professor of sociology at Oxford Brookes University is whether the information society in which we now live is a new kind of society, different in character from any previous society, or whether it isba- sically just an informatized version of a familiar old kind of society.
    keywords: information; new; society
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        item: #3281 of 5668
          id: crl-15083
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Correction
        date: 1996-09-01
       words: 715
      flesch: 59
     summary: Poster deadline: Nov. 1, 1996 Roundtable deadline: Jan. 6, 1997 Choose from these theme tracks: • Partnerships and Competition • Changing Work, Roles, and Organizations • Social Responsibility, Equity, and Diversity • Focused sessions on specific topics • Case studies on how librarians are creating their futures • Practical workshops for creating skills to choose your future Meet Colleagues
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #3282 of 5668
          id: crl-15084
      author: Riggs, Donald E.
       title: Editorial: Working with Faculty
        date: 1996-11-01
       words: 1195
      flesch: 55
     summary: Peggy Johnson (University of Minne- sota Libraries) recently gave a full-day pro- gram on the topic of faculty liaison at the University of Michigan Library. Titles such as bibliographer, coordinator, faculty contact person, faculty liaison, and subject specialist are used to desig- nate those librarians who work more di- rectly with the faculty.
    keywords: faculty; library
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        item: #3283 of 5668
          id: crl-15085
      author: Kolasa, Ingo
       title: Where Have All the Volumes Gone? A Contribution to the Discussion of "Captured Cultural Property" and "Trophy Commissions"
        date: 1996-11-01
       words: 6709
      flesch: 55
     summary: For these reasons, the author hesitated a long time before writing about the fate of German cultural property transported to the Soviet Union by the Red Army in the years 1945 to 1948. No one in Germany denies the destruction that German troops wreaked on the Russian cultural landscape dur- ing World War II, but the Soviet Union's removal of German cultural property must come to light as well.
    keywords: cultural; german; libraries; library; literature; property; soviet; trophy
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        item: #3284 of 5668
          id: crl-15086
      author: Bates, Marcia J.
       title: The Getty End-User Online Searching Project in the Humanities: Report No. 6: Overview and Conclusions
        date: 1996-11-01
       words: 6367
      flesch: 60
     summary: Marcia J. Bates Over a two-year period, the Getty Information Institute (formerly the Getty Art History Information Program) sponsored and carried out a major study of end-user online searching by humanities scholars. ver a two-year period, the Getty Information Institute (formerly the Getty Art History Information Program, or Getty AHIP) sponsored and carried out a ma- jor study of end-user online searching by humanities scholars.
    keywords: getty; humanities; information; online; report; scholars; searching
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        item: #3285 of 5668
          id: crl-15089
      author: Carpenter, Scott A.
       title: The Americans with Disabilities Act: Accommodation in Ohio
        date: 1996-11-01
       words: 6345
      flesch: 52
     summary: The ADA bill is complex, and even if different library in- dividuals or committees are in place to discuss aspects of library services (i.e., Americans with Disabilities Act 559 reference, circulation), these individuals or committees would likely convey their conclusions to the library director. .500 Signage SIGN Accessibility of library signage .286 .200 Staff STAFF Existence of staff for .353 .400 persons with disabilities Policy POLICY Existence of policymaking sensitive .511 .667 to persons with disabilities Factor analysis was used to help guide the choice of question grouping.
    keywords: accommodation; ada; disabilities; libraries; library; persons
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        item: #3286 of 5668
          id: crl-15090
      author: Alger, Jeff
       title: Can RANK be Used to Generate a Reliable Author List for Cocitation Studies?
        date: 1996-11-01
       words: 4186
      flesch: 59
     summary: The fundamental steps in cocitation are the selection of documents or authors for analysis; retrieval of cocitation frequencies, usually by searching the Science Citation Index (SCI) or the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI); compilation of a raw cocitation matrix; conversion of the raw data matrix to a correlation matrix; analysis of the correla- tion matrix through nonrnetric multidimen- sional scaling (MDS); and finally, interpre- tation and validation of the results.4 Some of the problems inherent in coci- tation studies are similar to those in other ci- tation methodologies, such as a lack of con- sistency in name authority of cited authors and selection of prominent documents or authors within a given field. Figure 1 presents a two-dimensional map of cocited author positions in rela- tion to other authors in the study.
    keywords: authors; biodiversity; cocitation; field; research
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        item: #3287 of 5668
          id: crl-15091
      author: Florance, Valerie
       title: Health Care in the United States: The Facts and the Choices (Book Review)
        date: 1996-11-01
       words: 1180
      flesch: 61
     summary: Despite the failure of national legislation for health care reform, the restructuring of America's health care delivery system is under way. Then, the author summarizes the economic and political struc- tures that have developed around pro- fessional practice and health care deliv- ery.
    keywords: care; health
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        item: #3288 of 5668
          id: crl-15092
      author: Williams, James W.
       title: Greening the College Curriculum: A Guide to Environmental Teaching in the Liberal Arts (Book Review)
        date: 1996-11-01
       words: 1918
      flesch: 60
     summary: The chapter concludes with an extensive list of resources to as- sist with environmental teaching. Frequently referenced books (such as those by Paul Starr) ap- pear in several chapter bibliographies, sometimes with a different annotation.
    keywords: chapter; college; environmental
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        item: #3289 of 5668
          id: crl-15093
      author: Keiser, George R.
       title: The Electric Word: Democracy, Technology, and the Arts (Book Review)
        date: 1996-11-01
       words: 1315
      flesch: 63
     summary: Lanham is long on promise and enthusi- asm but short on specifics, to some ex- tent understandably so because much is yet to be discovered about how the com- puter will influence Western education. For some of us, computer time is being limited by the fact that our institutions are billing us for using home modems to connect with the university's mainframe.
    keywords: computer; lanham
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        item: #3290 of 5668
          id: crl-15094
      author: Kieft, Robert
       title: New Communication Environments: From Everday to Virtual (Book Review)
        date: 1996-11-01
       words: 1861
      flesch: 52
     summary: reality-in the form of the novel or social psychology, or in the imitation of fiction or description of science. I might venture the corollary that litera- ture, on these counts, shows itself supe- rior to social psychology as welL-Rob- ert Kieft, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylania .
    keywords: computer; social; technology
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        item: #3291 of 5668
          id: crl-15095
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: Civilizing Cyberspace: Policy, Power and the Information Superhighway (Book Review)
        date: 1996-11-01
       words: 1748
      flesch: 54
     summary: In the report's careful words, It [the Internet] was built to one set of eco- nomic principles and is in transition to an- other set of economic principles ... But this uncertainty is not determin- ing because, as the report makes clear, 'business users will drive the develop- ment of information infrastructure.
    keywords: information; miller; social
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        item: #3292 of 5668
          id: crl-15096
      author: Schiller, Herbert I.
       title: The Unpredictable Certainty: Information Infrastructure through 2000 (Book Review)
        date: 1996-11-01
       words: 969
      flesch: 57
     summary: But this uncertainty is not determin- ing because, as the report makes clear, 'business users will drive the develop- ment of information infrastructure. The project Nil 2000 sought the perspec- tives of providers of information and pro- ducers of facilities as well as the views of user groups.
    keywords: information; report
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        item: #3293 of 5668
          id: crl-15098
      author: MILLER, WILLIAM
       title: Let’s Straighten Out the Misconceptions about Electronic Information
        date: 1997-01-01
       words: 2109
      flesch: 53
     summary: WILLIAM MILLER Florida Atlantic University President, ACRL All available information indicates that electronic access will increase costs. The most recent project, for my twelve–year-old, was a paper about Poland, which called for specific bits of information—monthly temperature, currency, and other fac- tual material.
    keywords: available; false; true
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        item: #3294 of 5668
          id: crl-15099
      author: Thornton, Joyce K.
       title: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in ARL Libraries
        date: 1997-01-01
       words: 4564
      flesch: 54
     summary: Libraries are one setting where employees are sustaining an in- creasing number of CTS injuries. These reports also suggest that CTDs are spreading from their traditional haunts in manufacturing and are affect- ing increasing numbers of workers in offices, retail stores, and other nonfactory settings.4 CTS is the most commonly re- ported of the CTDs, and recent informa- tion suggests that libraries are one set- ting where employees are sustaining an increasing number of CTS injuries.
    keywords: cts; libraries; library; staff
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        item: #3295 of 5668
          id: crl-15100
      author: Schwartz, Charles A.
       title: The Rise and Fall of Uncitedness
        date: 1997-01-01
       words: 6435
      flesch: 50
     summary: For example, in sociology, �73 percent of the variance in article citations was within journals; thus, there is roughly three times as much variation within journals as between them.�18 Therefore, estimating the long- term significance of an article by the per- ceived quality or impact factor of the journal in which it appears is simplistic: Assigning the same value to all ar- ticles in a journal will overestimate the less influential and underesti- mate the more influential articles, thus effectively leveling out the very differences that [citation] evaluation procedures should seek to identify.19 In general, basing a citation study on a small set of prestigious journals will re- duce uncitedness substantially. Is that similar to the vari- ance within other LIS journals?
    keywords: articles; isi; journal; library; percent; science; uncitedness
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        item: #3296 of 5668
          id: crl-15101
      author: Leckie, Gloria J.; Brett, Jim
       title: Job Satisfaction of Canadian University Librarians: A National Survey
        date: 1997-01-01
       words: 8899
      flesch: 38
     summary: Academic status librarians did tend to Job Satisfaction of Canadian University Librarians 41 have more memberships in library asso- ciations (p < .01, PRE = .050). Thus, the question of what makes academic librarians satisfied or dissatisfied with their work over the long run has been of interest for decades and has generated a number of studies.
    keywords: academic; job; librarians; library; satisfaction; status
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        item: #3297 of 5668
          id: crl-15102
      author: Joswick, Kathleen E.; Stierman, Jeanne Koekkoek
       title: The Core List Mirage: A Comparison of the Journals Frequently Consulted by Faculty and Students
        date: 1997-01-01
       words: 3937
      flesch: 51
     summary: Only one title from this list (New England Journal of Medicine) is on the list of journals students cited, and three appear on the list of jour- nals retrieved from InfoTrac (Nature, Sci- ence, and Lancet). These reports included lists of the indexed journals in both alphabetical order and ranked order by the number of retriev- als.
    keywords: authors; faculty; journals; list; titles; wiu
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        item: #3298 of 5668
          id: crl-15105
      author: Floyd, Barbara L.; Phillips, John C.
       title: A Question of Quality: How Authors and Editors Perceive Library Literature
        date: 1997-01-01
       words: 7197
      flesch: 48
     summary: Methodology To research the issue of quality in aca- demic library publishing, the authors of this study surveyed both journal editors and journal authors to examine both sides of the publishing equation. Do we attempt to gauge quality when we judge our peers during personnel reviews, or is the quan- tity of published articles the primary fac- tor by which we judge?
    keywords: authors; editors; faculty; library; quality; research
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        item: #3299 of 5668
          id: crl-15106
      author: Mitchell, W. Bede
       title: Baldwin, David A. The Academic Librarian’s Human Resources Handbook. Englewood, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, Inc., 1996. 167p. $28.50. (ISBN 1-56308-345-0.) LC 96-19888.
        date: 1997-01-01
       words: 1732
      flesch: 44
     summary: The purpose of his book, as he states in his introduc- tion, is “to provide the busy library man- ager basic information and background on employee rights and legal param- eters of managing library personnel.” Is the lack of discussion of moonlighting an oversight, or is it no longer an issue that leads some supervisors to impose restrictions that potentially violate employee rights?
    keywords: baldwin; false; true
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        item: #3300 of 5668
          id: crl-15107
      author: Welburn, William C.
       title: Lacy, Dan. From Grunts to Gigabytes: Communications and Society. Urbana, Ill.: Univ. of Illinois Pr., 1996. 193p. $29.95 cloth (ISBN 0-252-02228-9); $13.95 paper (ISBN 0-252-06531-X). LC 95-32512.
        date: 1997-01-01
       words: 1764
      flesch: 42
     summary: Beginning with the human capacity for speech and its transformation into communities held together by orality, Lacy traces the history of communication in European and Anglo-American cultures along a single line: from oral to written culture, and from writing to printing, and the emergence of new media in the late 1800s through the twentieth century. As useful as his work is for understand- ing the development of communication in Europe and the United States, it is less relevant to understanding commu- nication systems in other cultures.
    keywords: communication; false; true
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        item: #3301 of 5668
          id: crl-15108
      author: Mason, James W.
       title: Reilly, James M., Douglas W. Nishi-mura, and Edward Zinn. New Tools for Preservation: Assessing Long-Term Environmental Effects on Library and Archives Collections. Washington, D.C.: Commission on Preservation and Access, 1995. 35p. $10, alk. paper. (ISBN 1-887334-46-7.)
        date: 1997-01-01
       words: 2407
      flesch: 46
     summary: As useful as his work is for understand- ing the development of communication in Europe and the United States, it is less relevant to understanding commu- nication systems in other cultures. First, toward the end of the book Lacy expresses grave concerns over the “in- formation disenfranchised,” arguing a widely held belief that many people— even whole societies—are information poor because they lack access to avail- able information within the mainstream of communication systems.
    keywords: communication; false; new; true
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        item: #3302 of 5668
          id: crl-15109
      author: Swaim, Elizabeth
       title: Remer, Rosalind. Printers and Men of Capital: Philadelphia Book Publishers in the New Republic. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Pr., 1996. 210p. $34.95, alk. paper. (ISBN 0-8122-3337-9.) LC 95-51384.
        date: 1997-01-01
       words: 1779
      flesch: 43
     summary: The book trade in Phila- delphia, the republic’s capitol during the 1790s, is known for its variety of output during the 18th century, and abundant specific evidence survives in the form of correspondence, account books, city directories, and the books themselves. Her work offers academic librarians an opportunity to compare similarities in the emergence of print culture in the United States with the emergence of electronic culture two centuries later.
    keywords: book; false; new; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15109.pdf
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        item: #3303 of 5668
          id: crl-15111
      author: Handlin, Oscar
       title: Wiegand, Wayne A. Irrepressible Reformer: A Biography of Melvil Dewey. Chicago: ALA, 1996. 403p. $35. (ISBN 0-8389-0680-X.)
        date: 1997-01-01
       words: 1593
      flesch: 42
     summary: Part I, “Equity and Indigenous Rights,” includes six chap- ters that explore the varied philosophi- cal issues concerning the possible ex- tension of the Western/Northern con- cept of intellectual property rights to knowledge of biological resources. This very valuable collection of pa- pers serves to broaden the discussion of intellectual property rights to a truly international level and to place it firmly within the framework of the growing in- digenous rights movement.
    keywords: dewey; false; true
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        item: #3304 of 5668
          id: crl-15112
      author: RIGGS, DONALD E.
       title: Why Is It That? Ironies, Paradoxes, and Subtleties
        date: 1997-03-01
       words: 1862
      flesch: 48
     summary: I have heard presidents, vice-presidents for academic affairs, and faculty comment about the lack of scholarly content, re- search, and methodology in the work produced by library faculty. Moreover, one responsibil- ity of an academic library leader is to provide the time and resources neces- sary for library faculty to produce schol- arly work of the highest quality.
    keywords: false; library; true
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        item: #3305 of 5668
          id: crl-15114
      author: McCarthy, Cheryl A.; Krausse, Sylvia C.; Little, Arthur A.
       title: Expectations and Effectiveness Using CD-ROMs: What Do Patrons Want and How Satisfied Are They?
        date: 1997-03-01
       words: 7762
      flesch: 52
     summary: The specific research objectives for this study were: 1. to determine users� preferences in searching CD-ROM databases versus print indices; 2. to assess users� confidence in their searching skills; 3. to identify what users need to be- come more effective searchers on CD- ROMs; 4. to assess effectiveness of CD-ROM training sessions; 5. to assess users� satisfaction with CD- ROM services. Analyses of the data revealed that users are satisfied and prefer CD- ROM databases over the print indices.
    keywords: databases; rom; services; students; training; users
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        item: #3306 of 5668
          id: crl-15115
      author: Crawford, Gregory A.
       title: Information As a Strategic Contingency: Applying the Strategic Contingencies Theory of Intraorganizational Power to Academic Libraries
        date: 1997-03-01
       words: 5370
      flesch: 47
     summary: Major features of the model include a technology index, subunit power variables, environmental vari- ables, and bases of power variables (structure, coping with uncertainty, centrality, and substitutability). For the independent variables (i.e., the bases of power variables), the highest loadings for the first canonical variate were change in the number of professionals (.60) and change in the number of other staff members (.92), showing a strong relationship between the change in the number of profession- als and the change in the number of other staff members variables with the overall change in staff power variable.
    keywords: change; library; power; power variables; variables
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        item: #3307 of 5668
          id: crl-15116
      author: Tower, Kathleen R.
       title: Small-Group Interaction among Professional Librarians
        date: 1997-03-01
       words: 7231
      flesch: 54
     summary: Members of effective groups carefully test their decision alternatives and match them against the group�s pre- established decision criteria, and criti- cally evaluate each alternative in the same manner that they evaluate the opinions and assumptions of their fellow mem- bers, forcing themselves to consider all aspects of an alternative. Small groups consisting of professional librarians were used to test Hirokawa’s theory, and the results showed that group decision performance is directly related to the group’s efforts to perform critical vigilant decision-making functions.
    keywords: decision; effective; effectiveness; group; making
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15116.pdf
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        item: #3308 of 5668
          id: crl-15118
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Creating French Culture: Treasures from the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Eds. Marie-Helene Tesnier and Prosser Gifford. New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ. Pr., 1995. 480p. $65. ISBN 0-300-06283-4. LC 95-6886.
        date: 1997-03-01
       words: 2417
      flesch: 55
     summary: It is also doubtful that library us- ers can really respond meaningfully to some of the points (e.g., “The informa- tion you get from library books and pe- riodicals is accurate”) and at least one of the questions is completely ambigu- ous: “Library staff understand the in- formation for which you are looking” presumably means “Library staff un- derstand what you are looking for,” which is quite different from the point as stated. Its theme is “power and culture,” and it captures something quintessentially French about French culture.
    keywords: culture; false; french; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15118.pdf
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        item: #3309 of 5668
          id: crl-15121
      author: Kieft, Robert
       title: Readings, Bill. The University in Ruins. Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard Univ. Pr., 1996. 238p. $29.95. ISBN 0-674-2952-7. LC 95-47290.
        date: 1997-03-01
       words: 2444
      flesch: 47
     summary: In this sense, this book can be regarded as a work not only about a special subject of library history, but also one that has im- plications for today and for the future.— Winfried Goedert, Fachhochschule Koeln, Koeln, Germany Readings, Bill. By way of conclusion, Olson asks: “What is the fate of German libraries after unification?
    keywords: false; library; true; university
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        item: #3310 of 5668
          id: crl-15122
      author: Harger, Elaine
       title: Soley, Lawrence C. Leasing the Ivory Tower: The Corporate Takeover of Academia. Boston: South End Pr., 1995. 204p. $40 cloth. ISBN 0-89608-504-X. $13 paper. ISBN 0-89608-503-1. LC 94-39872.
        date: 1997-03-01
       words: 2495
      flesch: 52
     summary: He writes of the “culture of greed” taking root in our nation’s col- leges and universities as they become more dependent on corporate funding: huge salaries and luxurious “perks” for university CEOs; “savings” realized through cuts in payrolls from the re- placement of full-time faculty with tem- porary, part-time adjuncts; the hiring of ever greater numbers of administrators who have little or no direct contact with students; hefty increases in tuition with- out decreases in faculty/student ratios. Soley provides several examples of how corporations have taken advantage of changes made in tax and patent laws in the early 1980s which allow companies to reap the benefits of research done at universities.
    keywords: book; false; soley; true; university
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        item: #3311 of 5668
          id: crl-15123
      author: Merrett, Christopher
       title: Targowski, Andrew S. Global Information Infrastructure: The Birth, Vision, and Architecture. Harrisburg, Penn.: Idea Group, 1996. 383p. $59.95. ISBN 1-878289-32-2. LC 96-13580.
        date: 1997-03-01
       words: 1935
      flesch: 46
     summary: Some people it seems, in true Orwellian fashion, are to be more equal than others. /ColorImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /ColorImageResolution 300 /ColorImageDepth -1 /ColorImageMinDownsampleDepth 1 /ColorImageDownsampleThreshold 1.10000 /EncodeColorImages true /ColorImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterColorImages true /ColorImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /ColorACSImageDict
    keywords: false; information; targowski; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15123.pdf
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        item: #3312 of 5668
          id: crl-15124
      author: RIGGS, DONALD E.
       title: Distance Education: Rethinking Practices, Implementing New Approaches
        date: 1997-05-01
       words: 1595
      flesch: 39
     summary: Nevertheless, distance education programs are in vogue at nearly all types of institutions making up the higher education arena. Early Leadership Nova Southeastern University (NSU) is a pioneer in distance education; it be- gan offering distance edu- cation programs in 1972.
    keywords: distance; false; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15124.pdf
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        item: #3313 of 5668
          id: crl-15125
      author: Wakiji, Eileen; Thomas, Joy
       title: MTV to the Rescue: Changing Library Attitudes through Video
        date: 1997-05-01
       words: 3149
      flesch: 58
     summary: There was no correlation between the manner in which students had learned library use (or, indeed, if they had learned library use) and their confidence in their ability to use libraries for college-level work. Students After watching the video: I’ll be more likely to use library 84.3% 33.7% I’ll use the library more often 80.3 30.3 I’ll be sure to talk to a librarian 83.7 63.4 I know more about what’s available 82.5 60.6 I’m less intimidated by libraries 63.1 27.4 Library will be a greater part of college life
    keywords: libraries; library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15125.pdf
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        item: #3314 of 5668
          id: crl-15126
      author: Lavagnino, Merri Beth
       title: Networking and the Role of the Academic Systems Librarian: An Evolutionary Perspective
        date: 1997-05-01
       words: 9056
      flesch: 42
     summary: It should be noted that there are many variations in the job titles of these people, including head of library systems, auto- mated systems coordinator, library sys- tems manager, and director of systems.5 In addition, it is true that not all of these individuals are librarians, although sur- veys taken in the past few years indicate that the majority are trained as librarians.6 A Model and a Beginning A simple stage model is used here only to help organize and conceptualize the evolution of the systems librarian role. We also can look to technological trends such as the growth in new architecture designs for integrated library systems, database con- struction, and office applications, and ponder the effect of these innovations on this role.
    keywords: librarian; libraries; library; role; staff; stage; systems; systems librarian
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15126.pdf
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        item: #3315 of 5668
          id: crl-15127
      author: Bair, Jeffrey H.; Barrons, Janice C.
       title: The Academic Elite in Library Science: Linkages among Top-Ranked Graduate Programs
        date: 1997-05-01
       words: 1606
      flesch: 58
     summary: It is sug- gested that this linkage helps these programs to maintain and enhance their prestige. ebster noted that in some disciplines in the social sci- ences, such as economics, psy- chology, and sociology, the rankings of the leading graduate programs are published often.1 The rankings of graduate programs leading to careers in major professions, such as engineering, law, and medicine, also are published often. Several factors can influence the pres- tige rankings of graduate programs when those rankings are based on the ratings of deans, top administrators, and senior faculty.
    keywords: programs
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        item: #3316 of 5668
          id: crl-15128
      author: Coleman, Vicki; Xiao, Yi (Daniel); Bair, Linda; Chollett, Bill
       title: Toward a TQM Paradigm: Using SERVQUAL to Measure Library Service Quality
        date: 1997-05-01
       words: 4537
      flesch: 53
     summary: Exceeding what customers expect from the service is the key to delivering high-quality service.2 TQM principles emphasize the use of a decentralized, team-oriented approach to address the issues causing the gaps in customer expectations and perceptions.3 Analy- 238 College & Research Libraries May 1997 tations: desired service (which reflects what customers want); adequate ser- vice (the standard customers are will- ing to accept); and predicted service (the level of service customers believe is likely to occur).5 Their research also sup- ports the theory that customers gener- ally use five factors, or dimensions, as their criteria for judging service quality. Various teams, referred to as Clouds, have been created in the library to address issues of service quality per- tinent to library customers.
    keywords: library; quality; service
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        item: #3317 of 5668
          id: crl-15129
      author: Ferguson, Chris D.; Bunge, Charles A.
       title: The Shape of Services to Come: Values-Based Reference Service for the Largely Digital Library
        date: 1997-05-01
       words: 8684
      flesch: 39
     summary: Little attention has been given to the nature and quality of library service that will be required in a largely digital age. Dramatic change in this system has been one of the driving forces behind the changes in library services discussed above.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; network; reference; reference service; service; users
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15129.pdf
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        item: #3318 of 5668
          id: crl-15130
      author: Baldwin, Virginia A.; Gibbs, William J.; Slough, Marlene M.
       title: Initiating an Effective Personnel Development Program
        date: 1997-05-01
       words: 4434
      flesch: 50
     summary: Programs and Voluntary Participation The percent of respondents who indi- cated voluntary participation in the ten areas of highest interest is represented in figure 7. Both were designated as high categories in that the majority (50% or more) of respon- dents rated them 4 or higher for inter- est.
    keywords: categories; interest; personnel
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        item: #3319 of 5668
          id: crl-15131
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: The Future of the Book. Ed. Geoffrey Nunberg. Berkeley: Univ. of California Pr., 1996. 306p. $45 cloth, ISBN 0-520-20450-6; $14.95 paper, ISBN 0-520-20451-4. LC 95-45441.
        date: 1997-05-01
       words: 1799
      flesch: 48
     summary: James J. O’Donnell (“The Prag- matics of the New: Trithemius, McLuhan, Cassiodorus”) iden- tifies three periods of crisis: (1) late antiquity, when the authority of writ- ten texts was established; (2) the fif- teenth century, a period of considerable resistance to printed books; and (3) the age of Marshall McLuhan’s prophecies about the medium and the message. As a matter of fact, digiti- zation makes book publishing easier.
    keywords: book; false; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15131.pdf
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        item: #3320 of 5668
          id: crl-15132
      author: Lutz, Maija M.
       title: Issues in Collection Management: Librarians, Booksellers, Publishers. Ed. Murray S. Martin. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Pr. (Foundations in Library and Information Science, 31), 1995. 193p. $78.50. ISBN 1-55938-608-8. LC 95-4503.
        date: 1997-05-01
       words: 2437
      flesch: 49
     summary: These criticisms aside, the book is well worth reading by any- one involved in selecting, buying, sup- plying, or publishing library materials. The thread that binds all three sections to- gether is the need for communication and collaboration, whether among li- brary functions or departments, be- tween library and faculty, or among the library, the publisher, and the distribu- tor.
    keywords: book; false; library; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15132.pdf
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        item: #3321 of 5668
          id: crl-15133
      author: Burns, Allan F.
       title: The Social Role of Higher Education: Comparative Perspectives. Eds. Ken Kempner and William G. Tierney. New York: Garland Pub. (Garland Reference Library of Social Science, 988; Garland Studies in Higher Education, 7), 1996. 215p. $40 alk. paper. ISBN 0-8153-1765-4. LC 96-16423.
        date: 1997-05-01
       words: 2470
      flesch: 51
     summary: Although each Book Reviews 283 case seeks to analyze higher education in light of the way knowledge and aca- demic work are created in a national context, the cases are not easily com- pared. A chapter on higher education in Chile by Figueroa and Valle is less insightful because it becomes entangled in a discussion of academic decentrali- zation in a world of political centraliza- tion.
    keywords: education; false; reading; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15133.pdf
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        item: #3322 of 5668
          id: crl-15134
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Manguel, Alberto. A History of Reading. New York: Viking Penguin, 1996. 372p. $26.95 alk. paper. ISBN 0-670-84302-4. LC 96-2703.
        date: 1997-05-01
       words: 1841
      flesch: 54
     summary: Reading becomes an assertion of fellowship and solidarity; readers meet other readers. And he is passion- ately committed to readers (whoever, wherever), reading (whatever, how- ever), and books (never met one he did not like).
    keywords: false; reading; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15134.pdf
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        item: #3323 of 5668
          id: crl-15137
      author: RIGGS, DONALD E.
       title: A Commitment to Making the Library a Learning Organization
        date: 1997-07-01
       words: 1646
      flesch: 42
     summary: The concept of the academic library as a learning organization is not new; library staff have depended on one an- other and the collective learning envi- ronment of the library and its closely associated constituencies for many years. We are witnessing more people working among various units in the li- brary; thus, we have a greater interde- pendence among library staff.
    keywords: false; learning; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15137.pdf
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        item: #3324 of 5668
          id: crl-15138
      author: Dabbour, Katherine Strober
       title: Applying Active Learning Methods to the Design of Library Instruction for a Freshman Seminar
        date: 1997-07-01
       words: 5486
      flesch: 49
     summary: This study demonstrated that the ap- plication of active learning techniques for freshman library instruction need not wait for ideal situations�either course-inte- grated opportunities or a computer train- ing facility. Some colleges and uni- versities require the course of all fresh- Applying Active Learning Methods to the Design of Library Instruction for a Freshman Seminar Katherine Strober Dabbour Active learning methods were employed in designing library instruction for an experimental freshman seminar at California State University- San Bernardino.
    keywords: active; instruction; learning; library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15138.pdf
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        item: #3325 of 5668
          id: crl-15139
      author: Budd, John M.
       title: A Critique of Customer and Commodity
        date: 1997-07-01
       words: 7198
      flesch: 53
     summary: There are some problems, which are discussed in detail, with the popularly held notions of library users as customers and of library services as commodities. For example, Suzanne Walters states that �If libraries are to sur- A Critique of Customer and Commodity John M. Budd For some good reasons, academic librarians see library users as cus- tomers, and library materials and access as commodities.
    keywords: academic; commodity; customer; information; libraries; library; service
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15139.pdf
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        item: #3326 of 5668
          id: crl-15140
      author: Natowitz, Allen; Carlo, Paula Wheeler
       title: Evaluating Review Content for Book Selection: An Analysis of American History Reviews in Choice, American Historical Review, and Journal of American History
        date: 1997-07-01
       words: 6778
      flesch: 54
     summary: Daniel Ream has argued that objective evaluation of book review journals has been relatively neglected in “An Evaluation of Four Book Review Journals,” Research Quarterly 19 (winter 1979): 149. 3. natowitz.p65 322 College & Research Libraries July 1997 322 ook reviews have repeatedly been identified as major deter- minants in the library acquisi- tions process.1 However, despite the widely acknowledged importance of book reviewing, researchers have indicated the need for more critical evaluations of re- views.2 The authors examined this subject by conducting a comparative analysis of Ameri- can history book reviews in three highly regarded journals.
    keywords: ahr; choice; jah; journals; outstanding; reviews
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15140.pdf
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        item: #3327 of 5668
          id: crl-15141
      author: Agada, John
       title: Information Counseling and the Outsourcing Challenge to Corporate Librarianship
        date: 1997-07-01
       words: 5005
      flesch: 41
     summary: The outsourcing of information services challenges corporate libraries to shift their focus toward those services that are not readily “outsourcable.” Often, this is price.24 The challenge to cut costs through outsourcing information services re- quires that corporate librarians further differentiate their services under the changed conditions.
    keywords: clients; corporate; information; library; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15141.pdf
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        item: #3328 of 5668
          id: crl-15143
      author: Kleiner, Jane P.; Hamaker, Charles A.
       title: Libraries 2000: Transforming Libraries Using Document Delivery, Needs Assessment, and Networked Resources
        date: 1997-07-01
       words: 10147
      flesch: 55
     summary: Additionally, it offered UnCover Reveal, an alert service that per- mitted users to select journal titles, pro- file subject searches, and receive results by electronic mail. The commonal- ity between journal titles recommended for TABLE 5 UnCover Cost History FY93–FY96 Period Articles Access Total FY93* $4,549 Standard gateway $5,000 $9,549 FY94 $11,221 Two passwords $1,800 $13,021 FY95 $26,621 Two passwords $1,800 $30,921 FY96 $54,911 Custom gateway, $67,411 Reveal $12,500 Totals $97,302 Total access costs $21,100 $120,902 *
    keywords: articles; faculty; journal; libraries; library; lsu; percent; pilot; research; titles; uncover
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15143.pdf
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        item: #3329 of 5668
          id: crl-15144
      author: Kirkland, Janice J.
       title: The Missing Women Library Directors: Deprivation versus Mentoring
        date: 1997-07-01
       words: 4791
      flesch: 59
     summary: This ar- ticle examines survey responses to conclude that factors blocking the advancement of women library directors include deprivation behavior or antimentoring, which supports a glass ceiling. 135 Women Directors The second survey was intended to seek career factors that women directors had found most valuable in their advance- ment�factors that would be the reverse of deprivation and the glass ceiling.
    keywords: deprivation; directors; library; women
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        item: #3330 of 5668
          id: crl-15146
      author: Conaway, Charles William
       title: Navigating among the Disciplines: The Library and Interdisciplinary Inquiry. Ed. Carole L. Palmer, Library Trends 42 (fall 1996): 129–366. Also available as an individual volume from the University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 1996.
        date: 1997-07-01
       words: 1764
      flesch: 44
     summary: This has ever been so, and the current environment of changing information technology has made it, in some ways, even more so. As Richard West said, our current model of provid- ing access to scholarly information is not sustainable.
    keywords: false; information; true
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        item: #3331 of 5668
          id: crl-15147
      author: Schroeder, Edwin C.
       title: The Printed Catalogues of the Harvard College Library 1723–1790. Eds. W. H. Bond and Hugh Amory. Boston: Colonial Society of Massachusetts. Distributed by Oak Knoll Press, 1996. 710p. $75. ISBN 0-9620737-3-3. LC 96-14236.
        date: 1997-07-01
       words: 1848
      flesch: 48
     summary: To create this index, Bond and Amory used Harvard’s card and online catalogs in order to identify each entry. The limita- tions of traditional bibliographic ap- proaches are highlighted by the use of a pair of interdisciplinary searches on the same subject—the first, done during the period 1975–1982, and the second, cov- ering the same initial period of interest but done in 1990–1991, after a wider set of databases and search approaches had become available.
    keywords: catalog; false; true
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        item: #3332 of 5668
          id: crl-15148
      author: Bell, Gladys Smiley
       title: Reclaiming the American Library Past: Writing the Women In. Ed. Suzanne Hildenbrand. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex (Information Management, Policy and Services), 1996. 324p. $59.50 cloth. ISBN 1-56750-233-4. $24.50 paper. ISBN 1-56750-234-2. LC 95-43839.
        date: 1997-07-01
       words: 1787
      flesch: 46
     summary: The editor states in chap- ter one that “There are still many early library women to identify and study, in- cluding women of different races and ethnicities and lesbian women.” This historical reexamination of Ameri- can library history moves women from the margins of the profession to its cen- ter.
    keywords: false; true; women
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15148.pdf
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        item: #3333 of 5668
          id: crl-15149
      author: Lum, Raymond
       title: Reed-Scott, Jutta, principal author. Scholarship, Research Libraries, and Global Publishing: The Result of a Study Funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries, 1996. xx, 159p. $30. ISBN 0-918006-78-3. LC 96-13725.
        date: 1997-07-01
       words: 2989
      flesch: 47
     summary: Aside from the information given in this study on the ARL initiative, there is a wealth of useful information that would be very time-consuming to gather sepa- rately, particularly the summaries of area studies library committees, the surveys on international publishing, and the information on the economic reali- ties of maintaining area study collec- tions. Part three of this study reports on the collecting patterns of North Ameri- can research libraries and provides summaries of the separate surveys of area studies collections prepared by the area studies library committees.
    keywords: area; false; libraries; research; true
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        item: #3334 of 5668
          id: crl-15150
      author: Young, Noel D.
       title: Wallerstein, Immanuel, et al. Open the Social Sciences: Report of the Gulbenkian Commission on the Restructuring of the Social Sciences. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Pr. (Mestizo Spaces), 1996. 105p. alk. paper, $37.50 cloth. ISBN 0-8047-2726-0. $10.95 paper. ISBN 0-08047-2727-9. LC 95-45759.
        date: 1997-07-01
       words: 1897
      flesch: 41
     summary: These important insights for the fu- ture of social science also are applicable to librarianship. The resultant definition of social science, being distinct from the “two cultures” of the natural sciences and the humani- ties, was a response to this state-cen- tric need.
    keywords: false; sciences; social; true
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        item: #3335 of 5668
          id: crl-15153
      author: Hughes, Janet
       title: Can Document Delivery Compensate for Reduced Serials Holdings? A Life Sciences Library Perspective
        date: 1997-09-01
       words: 6923
      flesch: 65
     summary: The project sought to test how well� and at what cost�CDD could fill re- quests for articles from cancelled journals in order to determine whether CDD was economically feasible as a way to com- pensate for cancelled journals. However, those studies were comparing requests for cancelled journals against all ILL re- quests, whereas this study was compar- ing requests for cancelled journals against only those requests that fulfilled specific criteria.
    keywords: articles; cdd; journals; requests
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15153.pdf
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        item: #3336 of 5668
          id: crl-15154
      author: Vishwanatham, Rama; Wilkins, Walter; Jevec, Thomas
       title: The Internet As a Medium for Online Instruction
        date: 1997-09-01
       words: 5049
      flesch: 64
     summary: The on- line model of Internet instruction seemed particularly appropriate to UIC where a large percentage of students, staff, and faculty already had access to the campus e-mail network and Internet from their homes and dorms. Lisa A. Oberg, �The Moving Target: Internet Instruction at the University of Washington Health Sciences Libraries and Information Center,� Medical Reference Services Quarterly 15, no. 3 (fall 1996): 73�79. 6.
    keywords: course; instruction; internet; participants
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15154.pdf
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        item: #3337 of 5668
          id: crl-15155
      author: Spang, Lothar; Kane, William P.
       title: Who Speaks for Academic Librarians? Status and Satisfaction Comparisons between Unaffiliated and Unionized Librarians on Scholarship and Governance Issues
        date: 1997-09-01
       words: 9447
      flesch: 45
     summary: A cross section of four status/title cat- egories was encompassed, three almost evenly represented: Faculty status with faculty title (faculty/faculty) had fifty- seven respondents; faculty status with librarian title (faculty/librarian), sixty; and respondents in institutions where li- brarians were classified as professional/ administrative staff (professional/ad- ministrative), fifty-seven. Similarly, approval of their pay scale as compared to that of teaching faculty was highest for unionized faculty/fac- ulty and faculty/librarian respondents.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; respondents; status; unaffiliated; unionized
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15155.pdf
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        item: #3338 of 5668
          id: crl-15156
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1996–1997
        date: 1997-09-01
       words: 9721
      flesch: 59
     summary: 375�404) covering events up to September 1996, and a classified bib- liography of reference works. The range of subject matter is quite broad, including individual cultures and re- gions, important archeological sites, and the biographies of major archeologists; broader topics of material culture such as stone technology, ceramics, and met- allurgy; matters of technique and prac- tice ranging from radiocarbon or dendro- chronological dating to typological analysis and museum collection manage- ment; a variety of theoretical approaches, including critical, processual, and sys- tems theory; and such �timely� issues as the ethics of collecting, nationalism, and portrayals of the field in popular culture.
    keywords: american; bibliography; books; entries; guide; history; index; new; reference; volume; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15156.pdf
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        item: #3339 of 5668
          id: crl-15157
      author: Harger, Elaine
       title: The Cold War & the University: Toward an Intellectual History of the Postwar Years. Ed. Andre Schiffrin. New York: New Pr., 1997. 258p. $25 (ISBN 1-56584-005-4, LC 96-25426).
        date: 1997-09-01
       words: 2336
      flesch: 46
     summary: The essays following those of Mont- gomery and Lewontin illustrate the manner in which Cold War influence on the production of knowledge through the elaboration, justification, and mys- tification of Cold War ideology at uni- versities wormed its way through the academic disciplines. Three essays, those of David Mont- gomery (Yale), R. C. Lewontin (Harvard), and Noam Chomsky (M.I.T.), describe the forces that generated a climate in which the prevailing Cold War ideology shaped the development of academic departments, curriculum, re- search priorities, and the hiring (and fir- ing!) of faculty.
    keywords: cold; false; research; true; war
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15157.pdf
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        item: #3340 of 5668
          id: crl-15159
      author: Swaim, Elizabeth
       title: Garvey, Ellen G. The Adman in the Parlor: Magazines and the Gendering of Consumer Culture, 1880s to 1910s. New York: Oxford Univ. Pr., 1996. viii, 230p. alk. paper, $45.00 cloth (ISBN 0-19-509296-1); $17.95 paper (ISBN 0-19-510822-1, LC 95-9467).
        date: 1997-09-01
       words: 1767
      flesch: 43
     summary: The Adman in the Parlor may be read for fun and profit by any librarian who makes purchases, reads magazines, or thinks about American culture. The author reminds readers that the present curriculum that critics of today lament was denounced as trivial and anti-intellectual in the past; that the Western Civilization requirement which many regard as the heart and soul of the curriculum did not come into being until a government program instituted it after World War I to ensure that American values were being taught; and that the recent debate over the American-centered literary canon is unfortunately dominated by an un- founded fear that the canon is finite, and to add (e.g., ethnic and gender studies) to it would mean the elimination of something else.
    keywords: american; false; true; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15159.pdf
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        item: #3341 of 5668
          id: crl-15160
      author: Zulu, Itibari M.
       title: Levine, Lawrence. The Opening of the American Mind: Canons, Culture, and History. Boston: Beacon Pr., 1996. 212p. $20 (ISBN 0-8070-3118-6, LC 96-33866).
        date: 1997-09-01
       words: 1798
      flesch: 44
     summary: In this book, Thompson attempts the first comprehensive sur- vey of American book designs and de- signers influenced by William Morris. Nevertheless, a century after Morris’s death, evalua- tion of the significance of his influence on American book design remains chal- lenging.
    keywords: american; false; morris; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15160.pdf
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        item: #3342 of 5668
          id: crl-15162
      author: RIGGS, DONALD E.
       title: Editor’s Observations
        date: 1997-11-01
       words: 1686
      flesch: 43
     summary: In addition to receiving manuscripts authored by two or more librarians, I am seeing more manuscripts authored by a practicing librarian and a library/infor- mation school faculty member. In addition, more manuscripts based on qualitative research are encour- aged.
    keywords: false; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15162.pdf
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        item: #3343 of 5668
          id: crl-15163
      author: Bloss, Alex; Lanier, Don
       title: The Library Department Head in the Context of Matrix Management and Reengineering
        date: 1997-11-01
       words: 5116
      flesch: 40
     summary: In any case, only a few of the documents compiled are con- cerned with department head positions and are able to provide a snapshot of library department head responsibilities in the libraries surveyed. Larry Oberg and Fred Heath have articulated the logic and value of faculty appointments for librar- ians.3 Although Lucas’s observations are analogous to the library department head in many ways, it probably is true that personnel and operations management is the primary focus for department heads in libraries, as opposed to faculty develop- ment per se.
    keywords: department; head; library; management; reengineering
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15163.pdf
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        item: #3344 of 5668
          id: crl-15164
      author: Eliasen, Karen; McKinstry, Jill; Fraser, Beth Mabel; Babbitt, Elizabeth P.
       title: Navigating Online Menus: A Quantitative Experiment
        date: 1997-11-01
       words: 3038
      flesch: 50
     summary: Although the uniformity in searching and database appearance has made it easier to access multiple data- bases and to interpret results, it has made it more difficult to distinguish among electronic resources and to guide users in database selection. Conclusions and Recommendations Now that the commi�ee has outlined two basic ways that presentation and descrip- tion of databases can be improved, and has identified places where undergradu- ates are making mistakes using the cur- rent Session Manager, it has begun to fo- cus on finding out more about why these mistakes occur.
    keywords: databases; manager; session; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15164.pdf
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        item: #3345 of 5668
          id: crl-15165
      author: Brewer, Julie
       title: Post-Master’s Residency Programs: Enhancing the Development of New Professionals and Minority Recruitment in Academic and Research Libraries
        date: 1997-11-01
       words: 4362
      flesch: 37
     summary: The survey findings present impor- tant information for libraries that currently host residency programs or are considering implementing new residency programs in the future, as well as for library educators. Findings and Implications Libraries use a variety of recruitment methods to a�ract new professionals to residency programs, including traditional employment tools such as position an- nouncements in professional publica- tions, as well as brochures distributed to graduate library education programs.
    keywords: libraries; library; programs; residency; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15165.pdf
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        item: #3346 of 5668
          id: crl-15166
      author: Womack, Kay; Goldberg, Tyler
       title: Résumé Content: Applicants’ Perceptions
        date: 1997-11-01
       words: 3956
      flesch: 43
     summary: In an a�empt to survey librarians who are rela- tively new to the profession (whom the authors defined as those who have held professional academic library positions for five years or less), people with obvi- ous administrative appointments such as deans, directors, assistant directors or deans, department heads, etc., were eliminated from consideration. Although there is some variation in its suggested content, there is agreement that a résumé is an important component of the application for academic library openings.12 Despite a�empts to guide individuals to the appropriate construction and con- tent of a résumé, the authors do not know whether academic library applicants actually consult such resources when pre- paring an application.
    keywords: important; items; résumé
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15166.pdf
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        item: #3347 of 5668
          id: crl-15167
      author: Libby, Katherine A.; Caudle, Dana M.
       title: A Survey on the Outsourcing of Cataloging in Academic Libraries
        date: 1997-11-01
       words: 6151
      flesch: 54
     summary: In-house catalogers and library vendors must work in a symbiosis to bring about change.”9 Arnold Hirshon used this argument in discussing Wright State’s rea- sons for outsourcing cataloging, although Dunkle questions his assertion that it is possible for the output of a technical ser- vices department (cataloging records and processed books) to be core if the activity to create the output is not.
    keywords: cataloging; libraries; library; materials; outsource; outsourcing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15167.pdf
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        item: #3348 of 5668
          id: crl-15169
      author: Egleston, Charles
       title: Antiquaries, Book Collectors, and Circles of Learning. Eds. Robin Myers and Michael Harris. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Pr., 1996. 165p. $39.95 (ISBN 1-884718-24-8). LC 96-29410.
        date: 1997-11-01
       words: 1797
      flesch: 47
     summary: Ducarel was a pioneering architectural historian who developed his theories through observation, extensive research, and correspondence with other scholars. Because of the paucity of information on Heber, Arnold Hunt’s reconstruction of his life is an important contribution to library scholarship.
    keywords: book; false; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15169.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15169.txt

        item: #3349 of 5668
          id: crl-15170
      author: Black, Lois Fischer
       title: Tidcombe, Marianne. Women Bookbinders 1880–1920. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Pr., 1996. 240p. $58 (ISBN 1-884718-23-x). LC 96-31238.
        date: 1997-11-01
       words: 1820
      flesch: 48
     summary: She then describes the place of women trade binders at the end of the nineteenth-century, finally discussing more exotic styles of bindings, including embroidered bindings, painted vellum bindings, vellucent bindings, metalwork bindings, as well as fore-edge paintings, among others. The text illustrations are a great help in the essays on bindings, but the quality of some of the reproductions is poor.
    keywords: false; true; women
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15170.pdf
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        item: #3350 of 5668
          id: crl-15171
      author: Jobe, Janita
       title: Bettig, Ronald V. Copyrighting Culture: The Political Economy of Intellectual Property. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Pr. (Critical Studies in Communications and the Cultural Industries), 1996. 276p. $60 cloth (ISBN 0-8133-1385-6); $24.95 alk. paper (ISBN 0-8133-3304-0). LC 96-9290.
        date: 1997-11-01
       words: 2410
      flesch: 46
     summary: She then describes the place of women trade binders at the end of the nineteenth-century, finally discussing more exotic styles of bindings, including embroidered bindings, painted vellum bindings, vellucent bindings, metalwork bindings, as well as fore-edge paintings, among others. Copyrighting Culture is a well-written, well-argued, and, ultimately, fascinating study of how intellectual prop- erty law, particularly copyright, has been used as a tool to expand the wealth and power of the information and entertain- ment industry oligarchy.
    keywords: entertainment; false; true; women
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15171.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15171.txt

        item: #3351 of 5668
          id: crl-15172
      author: Miller, William
       title: Doheny-Farina, Stephen. The Wired Neighborhood. New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ. Pr., 1996. 224p. $25, alk. paper (ISBN 0-300-06765-8). LC 96-12241.
        date: 1997-11-01
       words: 1789
      flesch: 43
     summary: In a mere one hundred and twelve pages, Kenneth Megill summa- rizes the contributions of the three in- terrelated fields of records manage- ment, special librarianship, and ar- chives to the management of corporate information systems; and he charts a new course for information systems in the face of shifting technological and managerial patterns. Megill, director of the Information Resources Manage- ment Program within the School of Li- brary and Information Science at Catholic University, begins with two basic premises: (1) The advent of elec- tronic data systems is radically chang- ing the way information is used by cor- porations, and (2) changes from within and without corporations require new ways of maintaining the information that makes up corporate memories.
    keywords: false; information; new; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15172.pdf
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        item: #3352 of 5668
          id: crl-15173
      author: Blodgett, Jan
       title: Megill, Kenneth. The Corporate Memory: Information Management in the Electronic Age. London: Bowker-Saur (Information Services Management, 6), 1997. 112p. $50, alk. paper (ISBN 1-85739-158-6). LC 96-43103.
        date: 1997-11-01
       words: 1807
      flesch: 44
     summary: In a mere one hundred and twelve pages, Kenneth Megill summa- rizes the contributions of the three in- terrelated fields of records manage- ment, special librarianship, and ar- chives to the management of corporate information systems; and he charts a new course for information systems in the face of shifting technological and managerial patterns. The strength of this book lies in its clear synthesis of records management issues and descriptions of technological changes in the workplace.
    keywords: corporate; false; information; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15173.pdf
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        item: #3353 of 5668
          id: crl-15174
      author: Pfaffenberger, Bryan
       title: Sardar, Ziauddin, and Jerome R. Ravetz. Cyberfutures: Culture and Politics on the Information Superhighway. New York: New York Univ. Pr., 1996. 161p. $45, cloth (ISBN 0-8147-8059-8); $16.95, paper (ISBN 0-8147-8058-X). LC 96-19794.
        date: 1997-11-01
       words: 2462
      flesch: 46
     summary: Admittedly, the ability to access Internet “knowl- edge” (or more to the point, to differen- tiate between online trash and treasure) may make some slight contribution to career success in the years to come, but the strategic value of Internet access surely pales before the real determi- nants of class differentiation in Western society (class, race, and differential ac- cess to high-quality education). The method boils down to pos- iting some type of horrifyingly unjust, underlying structure that you think tends to manifest in all the various prod- ucts of Western culture, and then to select some things you have heard about the Internet that seem to echo this pattern.
    keywords: false; internet; records; sardar; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15174.pdf
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        item: #3354 of 5668
          id: crl-15175
      author: Garrett, Jeffrey
       title: Tolstoy’s Dictaphone: Technology and the Muse. Ed. Sven Birkerts. St. Paul, Minn.: Graywolf (Graywolf Forum, 1), 1996. 261p. $16 (ISBN 1-55597-248-9). LC 96-75790.
        date: 1997-11-01
       words: 2353
      flesch: 49
     summary: Birkerts finds that “the whole familiar tradition of the book” is “destined for imminent histori- cal oblivion,” more broadly seeing him- self and a dwindling number of his thoughtful contemporaries being “gradually coerced into living against [their] natural grain, forced to adapt to a pace and a level of technological com- plexity” that is now driving them to re- volt, though without any hope of suc- c e s s . Those inter- ested in a more scientific (i.e., less hu- manistically oriented) study of the dia- lectics of writing and text technology may wish to turn to another recent col- lection of essays: The New Writing Envi- ronment: Writers at Work in a World of Tech- nology (1996).—Jeffrey Garrett, Northwest- ern University.
    keywords: birkerts; false; true; writing
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        item: #3355 of 5668
          id: crl-15176
      author: HISLE, W. LEE
       title: Facing the New Millennium: Values for the Electronic Information Age
        date: 1998-01-01
       words: 2014
      flesch: 49
     summary: In librarianship, I see a profession seeking reaffirmation of traditional values even as it questions them. For at the same time the profession, and perhaps our values, are changing, we need the sta­ bility of traditional values.
    keywords: false; true; values
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15176.pdf
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        item: #3356 of 5668
          id: crl-15178
      author: Kaplowitz, Joan; Contini, Janice
       title: Computer-Assisted Instruction: Is It an Option for Bibliographic Instruction in Large Undergraduate Survey Classes?
        date: 1998-01-01
       words: 4768
      flesch: 62
     summary: Because CAI effectiveness was no longer the primary issue, the authors felt that a more qualitative survey featur­ ing open-ended questions would more likely elicit the types of responses they were seeking. An examination of the applications of CAI to library instruction revealed that most CAI addressed the notion of teaching some specific skill, most often use of an OPAC.
    keywords: cai; instruction; library; program; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15178.pdf
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        item: #3357 of 5668
          id: crl-15179
      author: Richardson, John V.
       title: Question Master: An Evaluation of a Web-Based Decision-Support System for Use in Reference Environments
        date: 1998-01-01
       words: 4961
      flesch: 52
     summary: Furthermore, the 6xx field, subfield x provides access to the standard form subdivision2 that further identifies types of reference sources (e.g., John V. Richardson Jr. is an Associate Professor in the Department of Library and Information Science of the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies at UCLA; e-mail: jrichard@ucla. edu. Third, deducing additional facets of biographical questions might increase QM’s accuracy.
    keywords: answer; false; library; questions; reference; system; true; weil
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15179.pdf
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        item: #3358 of 5668
          id: crl-15180
      author: Blecic, Deborah D.; Bangalore, Nirmala S.; Dorsch, Josephine L.; Henderson, Cynthia L.; Koenig, Melissa H.; Weller, Ann C.
       title: Using Transaction Log Analysis to Improve OPAC Retrieval Results
        date: 1998-01-01
       words: 5894
      flesch: 60
     summary: The data show that simply chang­ ing the introductory screens significantly impacted user search success. Regular monitoring of OPACs through transac­ tion log analysis can lead to improved retrieval when changes are made in response to an analysis of user search patterns.
    keywords: analysis; changes; log; number; opac; screen; search; searches; transaction
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15180.pdf
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        item: #3359 of 5668
          id: crl-15181
      author: Kirkpatrick, Teresa E.
       title: The Training of Academic Library Staff on Information Technology within the Libraries of the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities System
        date: 1998-01-01
       words: 4326
      flesch: 53
     summary: oy Tennant has addressed staff library staff might not be occurring as training as a foundation of much as it should. But whether the sub­ a gap exists between what libraries are ject is the library of the future or the library doing and what they should be doing will of the present, Tennant is not alone in his be known.2 Creth stated that even with assertion that staff training is important.
    keywords: libraries; library; staff; training
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        item: #3360 of 5668
          id: crl-15182
      author: Hightower, Christy; Sih, Julie; Tilghman, Adam
       title: Recommendations for Benchmarking Web Site Usage among Academic Libraries
        date: 1998-01-01
       words: 9477
      flesch: 54
     summary: In so doing, the authors identify several practical and philosophical issues concerning intercam­ pus comparisons of library Web site traf­ fic. The level of ef­ fort being poured into library Web sites and the degree of importance that Web sites have to library users justify the ef­ fort required to mount such a program.
    keywords: authors; benchmarking; data; institutions; libraries; library; pages; server; site; statistics; usage; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15182.pdf
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        item: #3361 of 5668
          id: crl-15185
      author: Cook, Eleanor I.
       title: Gateways to Knowledge: The Role of Academic Libraries in Teaching, Learning and Research. Ed. Lawrence Dowler. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Pr., 1997. 240 p. $35, alk paper. (ISBN 0-262-04159-6). LC 96- 31423.
        date: 1998-01-01
       words: 1255
      flesch: 57
     summary: This status-based system has been challenged by an increase in inter­ disciplinary scholarship, the develop­ ment of a core curriculum, and the rise of networked information systems. Editor Lawrence Dowler, associate li­ brarian of Harvard College for Public Ser­ vices, uses the concept of gateway to elaborate on the changes that the col­ leges library system needs to address as it prepares for library services into the next century.
    keywords: harvard; information; library
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        item: #3362 of 5668
          id: crl-15186
      author: McCombs, Gillian M.
       title: Lancaster, F. W., and Beth Sandore. Technology and Management in Library and Information Services. Champaign, Ill.: Univ. of Illinois Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 1997. 322 p. $39.50. (ISBN 0-87845-099‐8). LC 97-146794.
        date: 1998-01-01
       words: 1942
      flesch: 61
     summary: The authors consider this book to be of “greatest relevance to man­ agers of large libraries or library systems, particularly those in the academic arena.” Anthony Appiah, professor of African-American Studies and Philosophy; Richard De Gennaro, former Roy E. Larsen Librarian of Harvard College; Karen Price of the Harvard Graduate School of Education; and James Wilkinson, director of the Derek Bok Center for Teaching and Learning contribute thoughts and theo­ ries to the conference and support for the notion of library as gateway.
    keywords: authors; book; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15186.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15186.txt

        item: #3363 of 5668
          id: crl-15187
      author: Daniels, Tim
       title: Rodgers, Terry. The Library Paraprofessional: Notes from the Underground. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1997. 361 p. $45, alk. paper. (ISBN 0-7864-0222-9). LC 96‐26371.
        date: 1998-01-01
       words: 1293
      flesch: 63
     summary: In this book, Terry Rodgers chronicles the history of the library paraprofes­ sional and describes how the modern day paraprofessional a designation that represents more than 50 percent of all people who work in libraries is doing. It is a collection of nine­ teen essays by librarians, library and elec­ tronic technology experts and entrepre­ neurs, library school faculty, publishers, academic administrators, legal experts, and professors in religion, psychology, com­ parative literature, and public policy.
    keywords: book; library; rodgers
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15187.pdf
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        item: #3364 of 5668
          id: crl-15188
      author: Barker, Joseph W.
       title: Scholarly Publishing: The Electronic Frontier. Eds. Robin P. Peek and Gregory G. Newby. Cambridge, Mass., and London: MIT Pr., 1996. 363 p. $35, alk. paper. (ISBN 0-262-16157-5). LC 95-35556.
        date: 1998-01-01
       words: 1267
      flesch: 56
     summary: Those already attuned to the issues of scholarly electronic communication will find broadening challenges to their as­ sumptions.—Joseph W. Barker, University of California-Berkeley. Scholarly Publishing: The Electronic Frontier.
    keywords: book; electronic; scholarly
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15188.pdf
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        item: #3365 of 5668
          id: crl-15189
      author: SCHWARTZ, CHARLES A.
       title: Between Two Ages
        date: 1998-03-01
       words: 1666
      flesch: 41
     summary: “Catching Our Breath” What little is known empirically about the state of our organizational devel­ opment comes from a 1995 survey by the Association of Research Libraries.1 It found only rudimentary changes under way—in the main, that a third of its mem­ ber institutions were reallo­ cating staff from technical services to public services. The report, not finding much evidence of boundary spanning, noted “little involvement by members of the university community outside the library” and concluded that, “It is almost as though research libraries are catch­ ing their breath before they might pro­ ceed to realign their resources, organi­ zational structure, and services.”
    keywords: false; map; maps; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15189.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15189.txt

        item: #3366 of 5668
          id: crl-15191
      author: Gerhard, Kristin H.; Su, Mila C.; Rubens, Charlotte C.
       title: An Empirical Examination of Subject Headings for Women’s Studies Core Materials
        date: 1998-03-01
       words: 4606
      flesch: 53
     summary: The ACRL Women’s Studies Section Technical Services Committee in­ vestigated the assignment of subject headings to core works in women’s studies. On Equal Terms documented extensive prob­ lems with subject headings about women.2–3 According to Judith Hudson and Victoria A. Mills, ALCSH reflects a white male bias in its representation of the world: Men are the norm and women, the exception.
    keywords: access; cataloging; headings; library; studies; subject; women
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15191.pdf
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        item: #3367 of 5668
          id: crl-15192
      author: O’Keeffe, Julie
       title: Small College Library Directors: Getting in the Door and Surviving on the Job
        date: 1998-03-01
       words: 7006
      flesch: 52
     summary: Literature Review A literature review failed to identify any survey research between 1985 and 1996 that addressed the issue of preparedness, in terms of qualifications and skills, for small college library director positions. The remainder of Mech’s data relevant to the current study do not allow comparison due to the time period examined in measuring each variable (en­ tirety of professional life versus time prior to obtaining first director ’s position).
    keywords: director; experience; library; percent; position; skills; time
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15192.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15192.txt

        item: #3368 of 5668
          id: crl-15194
      author: Zhu, Qiang; Zhang, Sha Li
       title: Increasing the Pace of an Integral Library System in China: Moving toward the Twenty-First Century
        date: 1998-03-01
       words: 4928
      flesch: 44
     summary: Duplica­ tion and gaps in collections exacerbated the shortage of information resources among academic libraries. A new model needs to be explored and designed to enable academic libraries in China to increase their access to information resources and to improve the quality of services.
    keywords: academic; false; information; libraries; library; resources; system; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15194.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15194.txt

        item: #3369 of 5668
          id: crl-15195
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1997
        date: 1998-03-01
       words: 8992
      flesch: 61
     summary: Mostly a title listing with index entries for names as subject, printer/booksellers, place of publication, first lines.. More Opening Nights on Broadway: A Critical Quotebook of the Musical Theatre, 1965 through 1981, compiled by Steven Suskin (New York: The bibliography and direc­ tory cover reference works, journals, ma­ jor documentation centers and libraries (even including their Web and e-mail ad­ dresses), publishers, dealers and distribu­ tors, organizations, associations, founda­ tions, awards and prizes, abbreviations, and acronyms.
    keywords: bibliography; books; collections; edition; entries; index; libraries; library; new; records; reference; rlin; subject; volume; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15195.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15195.txt

        item: #3370 of 5668
          id: crl-15196
      author: Bartovics, Albert F.
       title: Boyle, James. Shamans, Software, and Spleens: Law and the Construction of the Information Society. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard Univ. Pr., 1996 (text ed., 1997). 270p. $35 cloth (ISBN 0-674-80522-4); $15.95 alk. paper (IBSN 0-674-80523-2). LC 95‐42433.
        date: 1998-03-01
       words: 1662
      flesch: 45
     summary: He foresees increasing social stratification (from differential ac­ cess to information), decreasing access to pertinent data (in the flood of avail­ able information), and increasing con­ flict between personal privacy and pub­ lic disclosure (with the increasing capac­ ity to track and correlate electronic transactions). He also addresses the moral abuses made possible by the expansive legal rights to intellectual property.
    keywords: book; boyle; information; property
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15196.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15196.txt

        item: #3371 of 5668
          id: crl-15198
      author: Berry, John
       title: Eshelman, William R. No Silence!: A Library Life. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 1997. 340p. $59 alk. paper (ISBN 0‐8108-3241-0). LC 96-53095.
        date: 1998-03-01
       words: 1297
      flesch: 64
     summary: One of the foremost authorities on plan­ ning and building academic libraries has provided us with a concise, lucid, and well-researched history of the way that American academic libraries have evolved from the one-room facilities of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries to the large and complex structures characteristic of the twenti­ eth century. Hold on, though, this is no Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, it is primary source mate­ rial in library history, and you have to mine it to get the ore.
    keywords: eshelman; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15198.pdf
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        item: #3372 of 5668
          id: crl-15201
      author: Newsome, Nancy A.
       title: Serials Management in the Electronic Era: Papers in Honor of Peter Gellatly, Founding Editor of The Serials Librarian. Eds. Jim Cole and James W. Williams. New York: Haworth Pr., 1996. 234p. $39.95 alk. paper (ISBN 0-7890-0021-0). LC 96‐38911.
        date: 1998-03-01
       words: 1240
      flesch: 55
     summary: Not surprisingly, most of the articles in the book pertain to the technical ser­ vices aspects of managing serials in the electronic era and cover diverse topics including a discussion of collection de­ velopment issues, a description of a lo­ cally developed serials control system, an annotated “webliography” of library sources available on the World Wide Web, and an exploration of serials man­ agement issues in a consortia context. Les Hawkins comes clos­ est with his article giving a brief history of scholarly serials available electroni­ cally.
    keywords: electronic; library; serials
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15201.pdf
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        item: #3373 of 5668
          id: crl-15202
      author: DAVIS, JINNIE Y.
       title: Fair Use after CONFU
        date: 1998-05-01
       words: 2095
      flesch: 48
     summary: The term fair use refers to a very sig­ nificant limitation on the exclusive rights of the copyright holder, set forth in Sec­ tion 107 of the Copyright Act of 1976,1 which permits legal use of copyrighted materials without permission for certain purposes, including teaching. CONFU guidelines.
    keywords: false; guidelines; true; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15202.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15202.txt

        item: #3374 of 5668
          id: crl-15203
      author: Billings, Harold
       title: Libraries, Language, and Change: Defining the Information Present
        date: 1998-05-01
       words: 4215
      flesch: 48
     summary: Sustaining great libraries should not diminish other libraries. Sustaining great libraries should not diminish other libraries.
    keywords: distance; false; information; libraries; library; new; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15203.pdf
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        item: #3375 of 5668
          id: crl-15204
      author: Fowler, Rena K.
       title: The University Library As Learning Organization for Innovation: An Exploratory Study
        date: 1998-05-01
       words: 6980
      flesch: 45
     summary: The principal indepen­ dent variables were:  continuous learning;  team learning;  shared vision. Three aspects of a learning organization model are considered: continuous learning, team learning, and shared vision.
    keywords: change; false; innovation; learning; library; organizational; team; true; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15204.pdf
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        item: #3376 of 5668
          id: crl-15205
      author: Graham, Peter S.
       title: New Roles for Special Collections on the Network
        date: 1998-05-01
       words: 5185
      flesch: 50
     summary: The artifactual evidence has been em­ phasized here to point out the continu­ ing importance and informational basis of library collections of objects—and cer­ tainly of special collections. For librar­ ies with important special collections de­ partments, there always have been the tensions between local needs and local funding on the one hand, and national prestige and extramural users on the other.
    keywords: collections; digital; electronic; false; information; special; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15205.pdf
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        item: #3377 of 5668
          id: crl-15206
      author: Winston, Mark
       title: The Role of Recruitment in Achieving Goals Related to Diversity
        date: 1998-05-01
       words: 4795
      flesch: 41
     summary: Other writings that add to this theoreti­ cal framework regarding LIS recruitment are those by Susan M. Vazakas and Camille Clark lthough there are numerous ar­ ticulated reasons for making diversity issues a priority in academic libraries, one of the primary goals of diversity initiatives is to address the documented underrepres­ entation of ethnic minority professionals employed in college and university librar­ ies.
    keywords: career; factors; false; librarians; library; recruitment; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15206.pdf
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        item: #3378 of 5668
          id: crl-15207
      author: Heckart, Ronald J.
       title: Machine Help and Human Help in the Emerging Digital Library
        date: 1998-05-01
       words: 6401
      flesch: 56
     summary: Taking the place of human help are ever more sophisticated types of machine help. Implications for the Profession Taking into account the convergent trends making machine help ever more perva­ sive, and granting that some version of the Alex scenario may come to pass, it could be argued that doing away with human help in academic libraries would not in fact be a big step.
    keywords: alex; false; help; human; information; library; machine; online; research; software; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15207.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15207.txt

        item: #3379 of 5668
          id: crl-15208
      author: Miller, Jeannie P.; Benefiel, Candace R.
       title: Academic Librarians and the Pursuit of Tenure: The Support Group As a Strategy for Success
        date: 1998-05-01
       words: 3666
      flesch: 47
     summary: Establishment of a Tenure Support Group Librarians in the Sterling C. Evans Li­ brary at Texas A&M University are on tenure track and are expected to main­ tain high levels of job performance as well as show evidence of professional activity and a continuous record of re­ search and publication. 260 260 College & Research Libraries May 1998 Academic Librarians and the Pursuit of Tenure: The Support Group As a Strategy for Success Jeannie P. Miller and Candace R. Benefiel Faculty status with the accompanying quest for tenure is a fact of life for three out of four academic librarians, and achieving tenure is a tough proposition.
    keywords: false; group; librarians; support; tenure; true
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        item: #3380 of 5668
          id: crl-15209
      author: Whitmire, Ethelene
       title: Development of Critical Thinking Skills: An Analysis of Academic Library Experiences and Other Measures
        date: 1998-05-01
       words: 4197
      flesch: 42
     summary: This negative relationship between academic library experiences and critical thinking develop­ ment also was found in a simi­ lar study by the same authors.17 Statement of the Problem Considering the mixed results of the previous empirical re­ search examining the relation­ ship between academic library experiences and the develop­ ment of critical thinking skills, this study uses a different con­ ceptual framework. Other Measures Ethelene Whitmire The purpose of this study is to determine the influences that affect the development of critical thinking skills in undergraduate students.
    keywords: critical; experiences; faculty; false; thinking; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15209.pdf
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        item: #3381 of 5668
          id: crl-15211
      author: Wilson, Patrick
       title: Hjørland, Birger. Information Seeking and Subject Representation: An Activity–Theoretical Approach to Information Science. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Pr. (New Directions in Information Management, no. 34), 1997. 213p. alk. paper, $59.95 (ISBN 0-313-29893-9). LC 96-51136.
        date: 1998-05-01
       words: 1214
      flesch: 45
     summary: This seems a quite unnecessary limitation on the scope of information science, for which the author presents no convincing argument. The study of information use by others is apparently to be left to others— for example, students of the mass media.
    keywords: information; research; science
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15211.pdf
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        item: #3382 of 5668
          id: crl-15212
      author: Williams, James W.
       title: Outsourcing Library Technical Services Operations: Practices in Academic, Public, and Special Libraries. Eds. Karen A. Wilson and Marylou Colver. Chicago: ALA, 1997. 239p. $38 ($34.20 ALA members) (ISBN 0-8389-0703-2). LC 97-22901.
        date: 1998-05-01
       words: 1893
      flesch: 56
     summary: This book was conceived to provide readers with greater insight on the managerial aspects of outsourcing, based on a variety of suc­ cessful experiences in different kinds of library settings.” The introduction and Book Reviews 289 various chapters within the work remind us that outsourcing is not a new concept; shelf-ready book services have existed since the 1950s and blanket order plans have been in widespread use since the 1960s.
    keywords: book; cataloging; outsourcing; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15212.pdf
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        item: #3383 of 5668
          id: crl-15213
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: Radway, Janice A. A Feeling for Books: The Book-of-the-Month Club, Literary Taste, and Middle-Class Desire. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Pr., 1997. 424p. alk. paper, $29.95 (ISBN 0-8078-2357-0). LC 96-52037.
        date: 1998-05-01
       words: 1283
      flesch: 60
     summary: What about book reviews in newspapers and popular magazines, book club lectures, etc.?) He applied modern techniques of marketing and distribution to bookselling to “sell new books as an identifiable category with recognizable uses for potential buyers.”
    keywords: book; club; month
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15213.pdf
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        item: #3384 of 5668
          id: crl-15217
      author: Casey, Carol
       title: The Cyberarchive: A Look at the Storage and Preservation of Web Sites
        date: 1998-07-01
       words: 4091
      flesch: 66
     summary: Cyberarchives of Web Sites At first glance, it seems logical to have an archive of Web sites housed on the Inter­ net itself. Acquiring Web Sites The hardest part of acquiring Web sites for an archive will be selling the idea of a cyberarchive to the Web site owner.
    keywords: archive; internet; site; space; web; web site
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15217.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15217.txt

        item: #3385 of 5668
          id: crl-15218
      author: Buttlar, Lois; Garcha, Rajinder
       title: Catalogers in Academic Libraries: Their Evolving and Expanding Roles
        date: 1998-07-01
       words: 5074
      flesch: 52
     summary: It would appear that in 1997, more catalogers were handling disserta­ tions and theses than in 1987 (55.1% com­ pared to 50.9%), rare books/special col­ lections materials (51.1% compared to 40.8%), and government documents (53.4% compared to 47.3%). Automation definitely has decreased the amount of original catalog­ ing done in academic libraries, and there is agreement in the literature that tasks for­ merly assigned to professional catalogers have shifted downward to paraprofes­ sional support staff members.1–4 Much dis­ cussion has focused on what has been called the “deprofessionalization” of tech­ nical services and cataloging, with various attributions of cause.5–7 The commonplace nature of biblio­ graphic utilities, user-friendly OPACs,
    keywords: academic; catalogers; cataloging; libraries; library; professional; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15218.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15218.txt

        item: #3386 of 5668
          id: crl-15219
      author: Stamatoplos, Anthony; Mackoy, Robert
       title: Effects of Library Instruction on University Students’ Satisfaction with the Library: A Longitudinal Study
        date: 1998-07-01
       words: 6587
      flesch: 47
     summary: It also might be expected that following library instruction, students would have greater expectations of help­ fulness and competence of library staff. This study evaluated changes in student ex­ pectations following library instruction and how they were related to over­ all, long-term satisfaction with the library.
    keywords: instruction; libraries; library; patron; research; satisfaction; skills; staff; students
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        item: #3387 of 5668
          id: crl-15220
      author: Ford, Charlotte E.; Harter, Stephen P.
       title: The Downside of Scholarly Electronic Publishing: Problems in Accessing Electronic Journals through Online Directories and Catalogs
        date: 1998-07-01
       words: 6453
      flesch: 60
     summary: A strategy for assessing impact after collecting the URLs from the various directories and cata­ logs was as yet undecided: Potentially, one could search for links to all URLs dis­ covered, all functioning URLs, all func­ tioning and current URLs, or simply the most frequently listed URLs. * Current URLs lead to sites that include the most recent known issue of the e-journal in question.
    keywords: current; directories; journals; sources; titles; urls
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        item: #3388 of 5668
          id: crl-15221
      author: Bell, Steven J.; Cronin-Kardon, Cynthia
       title: Making the Library Management Systems Acquisition: Achieving Resolution of a Tough Decision
        date: 1998-07-01
       words: 7740
      flesch: 54
     summary: LMS decision process is complex and therefore subject to dysfunction. This article, in compar­ ing the political and garbage can models, concluded that library managers need to understand decision-making models to successfully manage decision processes.
    keywords: automation; decision; decision process; libraries; library; lms; making; new; process; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15221.pdf
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        item: #3389 of 5668
          id: crl-15222
      author: Marinko, Rita A.; Gerhard, Kristin H.
       title: Representations of the Alternative Press in Academic Library Collections
        date: 1998-07-01
       words: 6263
      flesch: 46
     summary: In the case of a few specialized libraries, the area of specialization was such as to logically preclude holding titles from API. P65 362 College & Research Libraries July 1998 Representations of the Alternative Press in Academic Library Collections Rita A. Marinko and Kristin H. Gerhard This study uses the list of periodicals indexed by Alternative Press In­ dex to examine the holdings rates of alternative press titles in U.S. ARL libraries.
    keywords: alternative; holdings; libraries; press; subject; titles; women; x x
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        item: #3390 of 5668
          id: crl-15223
      author: Kathman, Jane McGurn; Kathman, Michael D.
       title: What Difference Does Diversity Make in Managing Student Employees?
        date: 1998-07-01
       words: 6774
      flesch: 55
     summary: This presents opportunities and challenges for library staff as they supervise a more diverse group of student employees. The need for and success of such 380 College & Research Libraries July 1998 programs has been widely reported in the literature.4–6 Why should supervising a diverse set of student employees be any different from supervising a homogeneous group of students?
    keywords: diverse; diversity; employees; false; library; student; time; true; work
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        item: #3391 of 5668
          id: crl-15224
      author: Kieft, Robert
       title: Quaratiello, Arlene Rodda. The College Student’s Research Companion. New York, London: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 1997. 151p. $35 (ISBN 1-55570-275‐9). LC 97-18811. Woodward, Jeannette A. Writing Research Papers: Investigating Resources in Cyberspace. Lincolnwood, Ill.: National Textbook Co., 1997. 272p. $16.95 (ISBN 0-8442-5929-2). LC 96-43725.
        date: 1998-07-01
       words: 1841
      flesch: 55
     summary: First, the electronic dispersion of collec­ tions requires us to think of new ways to organize access, offer advice, and inter­ vene in student work, ways that the print world may not have afforded, yet ways that must contest the perception that the Net is self-teaching and library research a glorified fishing expedition. Thus, very few of our us­ ers stop to consider the lessons these books, and the related paraphernalia of research instruction, offer.
    keywords: research; students; work
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        item: #3392 of 5668
          id: crl-15226
      author: Graves, Diane J.
       title: What Else You Can Do with a Library Degree: Career Options for the 90s and Beyond. Ed. Betty-Carol Sellen. New York: Neal-Schuman, 1997. 335p. $29.95 (ISBN 1-55570-264-3). LC 97‐18679.
        date: 1998-07-01
       words: 1252
      flesch: 59
     summary: She has divided the essays into seven major categories: publishers, writers, booksellers, and reviewers; pur­ veyors of products and services to librar­ ies; independent librarians on their own; independent librarians who have devel­ oped their own companies; those in­ volved in association work and work in the academic world; librarians involved in the corporate world; and finally, librar­ ians who have traveled farther afield. When Shumar claims that academia is not fun­ damentally a meritocracy, perhaps he is trying to identify “false consciousness”; skilled educators do not rise to the top and marginalized adjuncts are not the less skilled.
    keywords: librarians; research; work
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        item: #3393 of 5668
          id: crl-15227
      author: Potter, William Gray
       title: Meadows, A.J. Communicating Research. London: Academic Pr., 1998. 266p. alk. paper, $59.95 (ISBN 0-12-487415-0). LC 97-23432.
        date: 1998-07-01
       words: 1237
      flesch: 61
     summary: Meadows’s theme in this book is that research communication has al­ ways been evolving and changing. Since the middle of the seventeenth century, the number of people engaged in research and, correspondingly, the pub­ lications describing their research, have been increasing exponentially.
    keywords: meadows; research
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        item: #3394 of 5668
          id: crl-15228
      author: Barker, Joseph W.
       title: Rochlin, Gene I. Trapped in the Net: The Unanticipated Consequences of Computerization. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Pr., 1997. 293p. alk. paper, $29.95 (ISBN 0-691-01080-3). LC 96-41003.
        date: 1998-07-01
       words: 1530
      flesch: 56
     summary: Meadows’s theme in this book is that research communication has al­ ways been evolving and changing. A whole generation of workers is becom­ ing trained only in operating the comput­ ers that fly the aircraft, scan and analyze data for air traffic control, coordinate weaponry on battleships, or monitor crash warnings in the global stock ex­ change.
    keywords: book; research; rochlin
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        item: #3395 of 5668
          id: crl-15229
      author: RIGGS, DONALD E.
       title: Let Us Stop Apologizing for Qualitative Research
        date: 1998-09-01
       words: 1645
      flesch: 37
     summary: When compared to quan­ titative research, qualitative research is perceived as being less rigorous, prima­ rily because it may not include statistics and all the mumbo jumbo that goes with extensive statistical analysis. Unfortunately, there are mixed feelings about qualitative research.
    keywords: false; research; true
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        item: #3396 of 5668
          id: crl-15230
      author: Burnam, Paul D.
       title: Private Liberal Arts Colleges and the Costs of Scientific Journals: A Perennial Dilemma
        date: 1998-09-01
       words: 8572
      flesch: 55
     summary: As table 3 shows, most of the libraries had to eliminate journal titles in the past five years. He re­ ports that the library and the faculty en­ gaged twice in a review of journal titles in the past seven years.
    keywords: access; college; director; electronic; faculty; journals; libraries; library; price; scientific; table; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15230.pdf
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        item: #3397 of 5668
          id: crl-15233
      author: Youngen, Gregory K.
       title: Citation Patterns to Traditional and Electronic Preprints in the Published Literature
        date: 1998-09-01
       words: 3926
      flesch: 54
     summary: In private communication with the editors, they said there is no rule against citing e-print numbers, but they just have not yet encountered citations to electronic preprints. With the exception of Astrophysi­ cal Journal, which states that “References to private communications, papers in 285 247 272 260 195 250 235 0 285 26 273 0 272 0 260 65 260 0 250 5 240 4 227 preparation, preprints, or other sources generally not available to readers should be avoided,” no firm rules for cit­ ing preprints were found.6 Physical Review D and Physical Review Letters (both published by the American Physical Society) contain no citations to the word preprint but rank very high on the list of e-print citations.
    keywords: citations; journal; physics; preprints
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        item: #3398 of 5668
          id: crl-15234
      author: King, David L.
       title: Library Home Page Design: A Comparison of Page Layout for Front Ends to ARL Library Web Sites
        date: 1998-09-01
       words: 4405
      flesch: 72
     summary: The findings presented here are not meant to show what is being done right in library Web pages, but simply what is being done. The findings presented here are not meant to show what is being done right in library Web pages, but sim­ ply what is being done.
    keywords: home; library; page; percent; web
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        item: #3399 of 5668
          id: crl-15235
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1997–98
        date: 1998-09-01
       words: 8187
      flesch: 61
     summary: From one one-volume Dictionary of British History by S.H. Steinberg (DC293), the world of British history has been en­ riched by a number of them (see the re­ view of new dictionaries of British his­ tory in C&RL, Sept. 1996, pp. 471–72). Canadian Film and Video is an extensive work intended to assist in the advance­ ment of Canadian film history and to pro­ mote the study of Canadian film by pro­ viding access to the English and French literature on film and video in Canada during the twentieth century to 1989.
    keywords: articles; books; british; encyclopedia; entries; film; history; index; literature; new; oxford; reference; research; work
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        item: #3400 of 5668
          id: crl-15236
      author: Williams, Clay
       title: Budd, John M. The Academic Library: Its Context, Its Purpose, and Its Operation. Englewood, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 1998. 372p. $58 cloth (ISBN 156308614X); $35 paper (ISBN 1563084570). LC 97-35962.
        date: 1998-09-01
       words: 1229
      flesch: 58
     summary: In his paper, “The Future of Electronic Information Services in Libraries,” OCLC’s Rick Noble outlines the recent history of electronic information services, which “began to appear in North Ameri­ can libraries about twenty-five years ago.” A recurring theme in Taylor’s paper is disappearing bound­ aries, a gradual removal of the limitations librarians have confronted in catalogs, authority control, subject access, etc.
    keywords: budd; information; library
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        item: #3401 of 5668
          id: crl-15237
      author: Lum, Raymond
       title: Electronic Information Environment and Academic Libraries: Proceedings of Japan–U.S. Library Conference 1996=Denshika Sareru Joho to Toshokan. Ed. Matsushita Hitoshi. Tokyo: Kinokuniya Co. Ltd., 1997. 252p. Unpriced.
        date: 1998-09-01
       words: 1920
      flesch: 56
     summary: Spies’s paper, “International Li­ brary Cooperation in the Age of Elec­ tronic Information: Recent Trends and OCLC’s Role,” illustrates how develop­ ments in electronic information reflect changes in the global market and how OCLC reacts to those changes as they impact the “emerging global library com­ munity.” In his paper, “The Future of Electronic Information Services in Libraries,” OCLC’s Rick Noble outlines the recent history of electronic information services, which “began to appear in North Ameri­ can libraries about twenty-five years ago.”
    keywords: electronic; information; japanese; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15237.pdf
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        item: #3402 of 5668
          id: crl-15239
      author: Nader, Laura
       title: Universities and Empire: Money and Politics in the Social Sciences during the Cold War. Ed. Christopher Simpson. New York: The New Pr., 1998. 273p. $27.50 (ISBN 1-56584-387-8).
        date: 1998-09-01
       words: 1959
      flesch: 56
     summary: In addition, there is an increasingly widespread feeling that managers of American universities have not ad­ equately protected the prestige and repu­ tation of the university, and this is par­ ticularly so in universities that were closely tied to the military–industrial complex during the Cold War. Universities and Empire: Money and Politics in the Social Sciences during the Cold War.
    keywords: science; social; universities; university
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        item: #3403 of 5668
          id: crl-15240
      author: Miller, William
       title: The Role of Professional Associations. Ed. Joy Thomas. Champaign: University of Illinois Graduate School of Library and Information Science, Library Trends 46 (fall 1977): 229–425. $18.50.
        date: 1998-09-01
       words: 1314
      flesch: 63
     summary: William Fisher’s “The Value of Profes­ sional Associations” comes to the remark­ able conclusion that “without such asso­ ciations of which they become officers, without professional association confer­ ences at which they attend and/or deliver papers and go to meetings, and without professional association publications of which they become editors, reviewers, and/or authors, library directors would have to devote more of their time to the day-to-day running of their libraries. Also noteworthy is Sue Kamm’s survey of why librarians choose to join associations (for networking, receipt of publications, op­ portunity to contribute to the profession, and so on).
    keywords: associations; professional; tufte
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        item: #3404 of 5668
          id: crl-15242
      author: Tallent, Ed
       title: Information Imagineering: Meeting at the Interface. Eds. Milton T. Wolf, Pat Ensor, and Mary Augusta Thomas, for the Library and Information Technology Association and the Library Administration and Management Association. Chicago and London: ALA, 1998. 255p. $36, alk. paper (ISBN 0‐8389-0729-6). LC 97-44296.
        date: 1998-09-01
       words: 871
      flesch: 63
     summary: Another entry talks about the major mis­ conception that computer people and book people are antagonists. (I say “not surprising” because the terms in­ struction, bibliographic instruction, library instruction, or user instruction do not appear in the book’s index.)
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #3405 of 5668
          id: crl-15243
      author: RIGGS, DONALD E.
       title: The Growing Importance of State Library Associations
        date: 1998-11-01
       words: 1637
      flesch: 39
     summary: The importance of state library asso­ ciations in advancing libraries and librarianship is magnifying each year. 500 Editorial 501 Moreover, state library associations normally have a hand-in-glove working relationship with their state libraries.
    keywords: false; library; true
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        item: #3406 of 5668
          id: crl-15244
      author: White, Gary W.; Crawford, Gregory A.
       title: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Electronic Information: A Case Study
        date: 1998-11-01
       words: 4315
      flesch: 61
     summary: Ad­ ditional cost data gathered consisted of ILL costs, subscription costs to ABI/In­ Cost-Benefit Analysis 507 FIGURE 3 ILL Requests for Materials Indexed in ABI/Inform • 199q: 922 (19.4% of article requests) 4,764 total article requests • 1995: 464 (11.8% of article requests) 3,946 total article requests scribing to the paper cop­ ies versus the cost of access­ ing the articles through BPO for which ILL requests had been made. The cost of the journals acquired through BPO can be considered a poten­ tial cost saving; that is, the cost of sub- FIGURE 4 Cost Savings (Library Benefit) • Copyright: $563 savings • ILL cost: $8,528 savings • Total savings: $9,091 In 1995, this cost increased to $75,726.37, although fewer articles were requested.
    keywords: bpo; costs; ill; library; service
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        item: #3407 of 5668
          id: crl-15245
      author: Leysen, Joan M.; Black, William K.
       title: Peer Review in Carnegie Research Libraries
        date: 1998-11-01
       words: 6224
      flesch: 45
     summary: These included professional par­ ticipation at the state, regional, or national level; works in refereed publications; editorships; grants received; and other creative works such as computer appli­ cations, exhibits with catalogs, creation of Faculty status institutions show a much higher expectation for schol­ arly works in refereed journals. Faculty status institutions are much more likely to have elected review com­ mittees and university peer assessment.
    keywords: academic; faculty; institutions; librarians; process; research; review; status
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        item: #3408 of 5668
          id: crl-15246
      author: Neville, Robert; Williams, James; Hunt, Caroline C.
       title: Faculty–Library Teamwork in Book Ordering
        date: 1998-11-01
       words: 6235
      flesch: 50
     summary: Sue O. Medina also examined cooperation among librar­ ies.4 Again, library faculty seemed to con­ trol selection (within the limits of a con­ spectus required by the Alabama Com­ mission on Higher Education). Any of these methods can yield satisfactory outcomes if the library and faculty liaisons are working together.
    keywords: collection; college; computer; department; faculty; liaison; library; ordering; science
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15246.pdf
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        item: #3409 of 5668
          id: crl-15247
      author: Brewer, Julie
       title: Post-Master’s Residency Programs: Enhancing the Development of New Professionals and Minority Recruitment in Academic and Research Libraries
        date: 1998-11-01
       words: 4796
      flesch: 44
     summary: Findings and Implications Libraries use a variety of recruitment methods to attract new professionals to residency programs, including traditional employment tools such as position an­ nouncements in professional publica­ tions, as well as brochures distributed to graduate library education programs. A number of residency programs started in the past ten to fifteen years also focus on the recruitment of minority librarians.
    keywords: libraries; library; programs; research; residency; residents; university
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        item: #3410 of 5668
          id: crl-15248
      author: Bao, Xue-Ming
       title: Challenges and Opportunities: A Report of the 1998 Library Survey of Internet Users at Seton Hall University
        date: 1998-11-01
       words: 4271
      flesch: 63
     summary: Analysis of the data suggests three challenges for academic librarians and five opportunities in providing Internet information services. Even though 426 (54.3%) students and faculty were able to obtain satisfac­ tory results within a period of 11 to 30 minutes, most (575, or 73.1%) place their satisfaction levels for Internet search re­ sults between high and low levels.
    keywords: academic; faculty; internet; search
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        item: #3411 of 5668
          id: crl-15249
      author: Lindauer, Bonnie Gratch
       title: Defining and Measuring the Library’s Impact on Campuswide Outcomes
        date: 1998-11-01
       words: 13003
      flesch: 36
     summary: Academic libraries, one of the key players in providing and structuring instructional resources and services, also are expected to document how their performance contributes to institutional goals and outcomes. Using accreditation and ACRL sectional standards/criteria, higher education outcomes assessment research findings and recent findings from performance effectiveness studies, this article identifies important institutional outcomes to which academic libraries contribute; describes specific performance indicators whose measures of impacts and outputs provide evidence about progress and achievement; and offers a conceptual framework of assessment domains for the teach­ ing–learning library. n increasingly important con­ cern for academic librarians is how to document and measure the ways that the library, learn­ ing resources, and computer services units make a real difference in the aca­ demic quality of life for students and fac­ ulty.
    keywords: academic; assessment; data; faculty; indicators; information; learning; libraries; library; measures; outcomes; performance; research; resources; student; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15249.pdf
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        item: #3412 of 5668
          id: crl-15250
      author: Clougherty, Leo; Forys, John; Lyles, Toby; Persson, Dorothy; Walters, Christine; Washington-Hoagland, Carlette
       title: The University of Iowa Libraries’ Undergraduate User Needs Assessment
        date: 1998-11-01
       words: 6793
      flesch: 55
     summary: The objectives of the Undergraduate User Needs Assessment Survey were: � to learn how undergraduates access library resources and services; � to learn what library services, re­ sources, and facilities undergraduates use for study and research; � to identify undergraduate percep­ tions of library resources; � to learn how satisfied undergradu­ ates are with library resources and services; � to identify undergraduate unmet needs. Content analysis of these ques­ tions along with data from the forced- choice questions point to areas requiring attention—namely physical facilities, per­ ceptions of library staff, staffing of service desks, and awareness of library services and resources.
    keywords: libraries; library; percent; respondents; services; undergraduate; university; use; user
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        item: #3413 of 5668
          id: crl-15251
      author: Unaeze, Felix E.
       title: Criteria for Promotion and Tenure for Academic Librarians. Comp. Virginia Vesper and Gloria Kelley for the ACRL (Clip Note no. 26). Chicago: ALA, 1997. 143p. $28.50, alk. paper (ISBN 0838979289). LC 97-39396.
        date: 1998-11-01
       words: 579
      flesch: 59
     summary: The issues of promotion and tenure, as well as faculty status, for academic librar­ ians have always been complex and at times controversial. The primary objective of the survey was to determine whether “librarians with faculty status have a greater oppor­ tunity for tenure and promotion than li­ brarians with academic or professional status.”
    keywords: tenure
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        item: #3414 of 5668
          id: crl-15252
      author: Olson, Michael P.
       title: Fabian, Bernhard. In Close Association: Research, Humanities, and the Library. Trans. John J. Boll. Champaign: Graduate School of Library and Information Science, Univ. of Illinois (Occasional Papers, no. 208), 1998. 70p. $12, alk. paper.
        date: 1998-11-01
       words: 1928
      flesch: 61
     summary: It will be indispensable for ad­ ministrators and librarians interested in faculty status, tenure, or promotion for aca­ demic librarians.—Felix E. Unaeze, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan. This volume will provide guidance for academic libraries and librarians who are in need of instruments or templates for their promotion and tenure review process.
    keywords: boll; book; fabian; humanities
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        item: #3415 of 5668
          id: crl-15253
      author: Jobe, Janita
       title: Guidelines for Educational Use of Copyrighted Materials. Ed. Peggy Hoon. Pullman, Wash.: Washington State Univ. Pr., 1997. 34p. $15 (ISBN 0-87422‐161-7). LC 97-32885.
        date: 1998-11-01
       words: 1941
      flesch: 60
     summary: The common misconception that educational use, in and of itself, constitutes fair use is shat­ tered in the opening pages. Ms. Hoon offers a de­ cision on whether the action is likely to meet the definition of fair use.
    keywords: book; copyright; law; use
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        item: #3416 of 5668
          id: crl-15254
      author: Harger, Elaine
       title: Harwit, Martin. An Exhibit Denied: Lobbying the History of the “Enola Gay.” New York: Copernicus, 1996. 477p. $27.50, alk. paper (ISBN 0-387-94797‐3). LC 96-18676.
        date: 1998-11-01
       words: 1888
      flesch: 53
     summary: The book is organized chronologi­ cally and relies heavily on quotations from exhibit planning documents, label scripts, memos, correspondence, newspa­ per stories, and editorials. An Exhibit Denied: Lob­ bying the History of the “Enola Gay.”
    keywords: exhibit; harwit; media; nasm
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        item: #3417 of 5668
          id: crl-15255
      author: Hannay, William M.
       title: Research Misconduct: Issues, Implications, and Strategies. Eds. Ellen Altman and Peter Hernon. Greenwich, Conn.: Ablex, 1997. 206p. $73.25, cloth (ISBN 1567503403); $39.50, paper (ISBN 1567503411). LC 97-18061.
        date: 1998-11-01
       words: 1880
      flesch: 59
     summary: One chapter is devoted to the implica­ tions of research misconduct for libraries and librarians. Whether it is called research misconduct, academic dis­ honesty, or just plain fraud, the subject goes well beyond simple plagiarism and includes the intentional fabrication and falsification of scientific, medical, or aca­ demic research generally.
    keywords: book; law; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15255.pdf
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        item: #3418 of 5668
          id: crl-15256
      author: Katz, Janet C.
       title: Sableman, Mark. More Speech, Not Less: Communications Law in the Information Age. Foreword by Paul Simon. Carbondale: Southern Illinois Univ. Pr., 1997. 277p. $49.95, cloth, alk. paper (ISBN 0809320711); $19.95, paper (ISBN 0809321351). LC 96-53449.
        date: 1998-11-01
       words: 628
      flesch: 69
     summary: Sableman is a keen observer of the scene and provides legal principles and analy­ sis on topics such as censorship and prior restraint; news gathering; confidentiality and sources; libel; privacy; copyright and protection of ideas; advertising; broad­ casting; fair trial and free press; the busi­ ness and education of the press; and the Internet and electronic information. More disciplined edit­ ing would have prevented the disjoint­ edness and repetition caused by merging various pieces on similar topics.
    keywords: law
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15256.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15256.txt

        item: #3419 of 5668
          id: crl-15258
      author: Leckie, Gloria J.; Fullerton, Anne
       title: Information Literacy in Science and Engineering Undergraduate Education: Faculty Attitudes and Pedagogical Practices
        date: 1999-01-01
       words: 12007
      flesch: 47
     summary: This suggests that there is a reasonable base of faculty support upon which to build, by either assisting those faculty who already incorporate some aspects of information literacy in their courses to do a bit more or encouraging faculty to move out of the “never” category and into the “some” or “all” categories through the in- corporation of aspects of information lit- TABLE 4 Elements of Students’ Bibliogra- phies Examined by Faculty Faculty Types of Literature Examining Type of source 80% Breadth of coverage 63 Currency 57 Correct citation format 55 Expert authors 44 Other 8 TABLE 5 Faculty Pedagogical Practices for Introducing Library Research Percentage of Faculty Using Never Sometimes Always Assignment: library resources 50% 37% 13% Assignment: critical thinking 19 36 45 Explanation: research process 26 52 22 Explanation: retrieval tools 53 42 5 and search strategies Explanation: Internet 65 30 5 Explanation: indexes, 29 54 17 reference tools 18 College & Research Libraries January 1999 eracy into their courses. Faculty in the sciences were gener- ally less interested in this than faculty in engineering and health sciences.
    keywords: engineering; faculty; information; librarians; library; literacy; research; sciences; students; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15258.pdf
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        item: #3420 of 5668
          id: crl-15259
      author: Hurd, Julie M.; Blecic, Deborah D.; Vishwanatham, Rama
       title: Information Use by Molecular Biologists: Implications for Library Collections and Services
        date: 1999-01-01
       words: 7355
      flesch: 46
     summary: To explore that issue, the citation ages of cited journal articles were com­ puted. Citations in mo­ lecular biologists’ publications are overwhelmingly to journal articles, with the largest number of citations to journals that class in biology.
    keywords: biologists; biology; faculty; information; journals; library; molecular; research; science; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15259.pdf
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        item: #3421 of 5668
          id: crl-15260
      author: Lochstet, Gwenn; Lehman, Donna H.
       title: A Correlation Method for Collecting Reference Statistics
        date: 1999-01-01
       words: 4565
      flesch: 60
     summary: Perhaps the sizable standard error was due to the small sample size of reference statistic weeks. Refer­ ence statistics and door counts taken on the sample weeks of the test year were correlated, and the resulting correlation coefficient between the two variables was used to calculate weekly reference statistics for the nonsampled weeks.
    keywords: reference; statistics; weekly; weeks
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15260.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15260.txt

        item: #3422 of 5668
          id: crl-15261
      author: Harless, David W.; Allen, Frank R.
       title: Using the Contingent Valuation Method to Measure Patron Benefits of Reference Desk Service in an Academic Library
        date: 1999-01-01
       words: 8423
      flesch: 57
     summary: Using the Contingent Valuation Method to Measure Patron Benefits of Reference Desk Service in an Academic Library David W. Harless and Frank R. Allen The authors apply a survey technique known as the contingent valua­ tion (CV) method to estimate the economic value that patrons attach to reference desk service in an academic library. The authors surveyed 382 students and faculty eliciting willingness to pay (WTP) for reference desk services: WTP to maintain existing hours, WTP to keep the desk open an additional eighteen hours per week; and WTP to add 18.5 more hours (all hours the library is open).
    keywords: cost; desk services; faculty; hours; library; reference desk; services; students; value
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15261.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15261.txt

        item: #3423 of 5668
          id: crl-15262
      author: Goldberg, Tyler; Womack, Kay
       title: Application Practices of Recent Academic Library Appointees
        date: 1999-01-01
       words: 4057
      flesch: 44
     summary: The results of the first part of the survey, which dis­ cussed the resume content perceptions of academic library applicants new to the profession and the sources they consulted in preparing an application, have been reported previously.4 The purpose of this article is to report the findings from the second part of the survey regarding their application practices. However, it is encouraging to learn that very few applicants forward unrequested application materials such as transcripts or placement files and that a large number of applicants realize the value of contacting libraries to clarify questions about an opening before apply­ ing.
    keywords: academic; applicants; application; job; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15262.pdf
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        item: #3424 of 5668
          id: crl-15265
      author: Blodgett, Jan
       title: Levine, Arthur, and Jeanette S. Cureton. When Hope and Fear Collide: A Portrait of Today’s College Student. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1998. 188p. $29.95, alk. paper (ISBN 0-7879-3877-7). LC 97‐042414.
        date: 1999-01-01
       words: 1302
      flesch: 61
     summary: Academic librarians who have been left puzzled by encounters with the current generation of college students may well find their experiences described in this study of the 1990s collegiate culture based on surveys conducted between 1992 and 1997 of 270 chief student affairs officers and 9,100 undergraduates, and supple­ mented with on-site interviews of staff and students. In comparing the consumerism of students in the 1970s with that of students in the 1990s, the ear­ lier generation is portrayed as reacting to a general trend toward social institu­ tions—post-Watergate and Ralph Nader—whereas this generation is react­ ing to a sense of separateness from cam­ pus life fostered by competing job com­ mitments and increasing part-time atten­ dance as well as to specific criticisms of higher education.
    keywords: book; college; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15265.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15265.txt

        item: #3425 of 5668
          id: crl-15266
      author: Dumont, Paul E.
       title: O’Banion, Terry. A Learning College for the 21st Century. Phoenix, Ariz.: Onyx Pr. (American Council on Education/Onyx Press Series on Higher Education), 1997. 260p. $27.50, alk. paper (ISBN 1-57356-113-4). LC 97-008299.
        date: 1999-01-01
       words: 636
      flesch: 52
     summary: The new para­ digm that community colleges are learn­ ing, not teaching, institutions is high­ lighted by a review of the efforts of six community colleges in establishing learn­ ing colleges: Sinclair Community College (Ohio), Jackson Community College (Mich.), Lane Community College (Ore.), College System of Maricopa (Ariz.), Palomar College (Calif.), and Community College of Denver (Colo.). The foreword by K. Patricia Cross, David Pierput Gardner Professor of Higher Education at the Uni­ versity of California, Berkeley, reflects the book’s overall tone in her statement that “this work provides an exciting model for community colleges of the future.”
    keywords: college; learning
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15266.pdf
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        item: #3426 of 5668
          id: crl-15267
      author: Hakken, David
       title: Philosophical Aspects of Information Systems. Eds. R. L. Winder, S. K. Probert, and I. A. Beeson. London; Bristol, Penn.: Taylor & Francis, 1997. 258p. $79.95 (ISBN 074807588).
        date: 1999-01-01
       words: 1930
      flesch: 49
     summary: Because humans are always already wrapped in meaning, we never interact with pure information: “Information systems is, therefore, a mis­ nomer. Among his points are questioning whether theoreti­ cal and practical work actually have much January 1999 to do with each other; the existence of what he calls “official views” of “infor­ mation” and “system”; questionable as­ sumptions underlying the official views that deserve closer attention (e.g., the world is well ordered and that IT systems operate in a stable environment); conse­ quences of these assumptions (“half­ baked systems cobbled together. . .
    keywords: approach; information; philosophical; systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15267.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15267.txt

        item: #3427 of 5668
          id: crl-15269
      author: Easterbrook, David L.
       title: Transforming Libraries and Educating Librarians: Essays in Memory of Peter Harvard-Williams. Ed. John Feather. London: Taylor Graham, 1997. 155p. $46 (ISBN 0-94758-72-7).
        date: 1999-01-01
       words: 614
      flesch: 55
     summary: In retirement, Harvard-Williams served as professor of library and infor­ mation studies at the University of Botswana. The January 1999 goal was not only to prepare library and information professionals, but also library and information educators.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15269.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15269.txt

        item: #3428 of 5668
          id: crl-15271
      author: Meyer, Richard W.
       title: A Measure of the Impact of Tenure
        date: 1999-03-01
       words: 5662
      flesch: 49
     summary: Librarians, on the other hand, are eligible for tenure at fewer than half the four-year institutions in America.2 Some of these institutions provide librarians with faculty status, which includes tenure review by one’s peers, and some do not. An earlier analysis reported the impact or the effects of faculty status for librarians on research universities.3 Research appears to receive less emphasis in colleges, perhaps be­ cause of less demand by the outside com­ munity for the associated output prod­ ucts.
    keywords: faculty; institutions; librarians; quality; research; status; teaching; tenure
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15271.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15271.txt

        item: #3429 of 5668
          id: crl-15272
      author: Stebelman, Scott; Siggins, Jack; Nutty, David; Long, Caroline
       title: Improving Library Relations with the Faculty and University Administrators: The Role of the Faculty Outreach Librarian
        date: 1999-03-01
       words: 5710
      flesch: 46
     summary: Li­ brarians, and some faculty, understand the urgency in acquiring these resources: if the institution is to remain competitive with its peers and to attract students and new faculty to the campus, it must be re­ sponsive to rapid changes in scholarly communication. The danger was not only continued faculty ignorance, and hence indifference, to developments on the Web, but inadequate connectivity also jeopardized the university’s ability to at­ tract students, recruit new faculty, and retain current faculty who were becom­ ing more technologically demanding.
    keywords: administrators; faculty; internet; libraries; library; research; university; web; workshops
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15272.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15272.txt

        item: #3430 of 5668
          id: crl-15274
      author: Schaffner, Bradley L.; Baird, Brian J.
       title: Into the Dustbin of History? The Evaluation and Preservation of Slavic Materials
        date: 1999-03-01
       words: 4329
      flesch: 55
     summary: As can be seen, the date of publication is a very good pre­ dictor of paper condition. Such an increase will dramatically increase the number of brittle Slavic materials in some library collections.
    keywords: collections; libraries; materials; paper; preservation; slavic
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15274.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15274.txt

        item: #3431 of 5668
          id: crl-15275
      author: Kuyper-Rushing, Lois
       title: Identifying Uniform Core Journal Titles for Music Libraries: A Dissertation Citation Study
        date: 1999-03-01
       words: 4902
      flesch: 50
     summary: Journal 9 1.06 38.61 Music Educatorss Journal 9 1.06 39.67 Music Journal 9 1.06 40.73 New York Times 9 1.06 41.79 Notes 9 1.06 42.86 Choral Journal 8 0.94 43.80 Folia Phoniatrica 8 0.94 44.75 Journal of Musicology 8 0.94 45.69 Schweizerische Musikzeitung 8 0.94 46.64 American Organist 7 0.83 47.46 Fanfare 7 0.83 48.29 High Fidelity/Musical America 7 0.83 49.11 Journal of Research in Music Educations 7 0.83 49.94 NeuefZeitschriftffurfMusik 7 0.83 50.77 Osterreichische Musikzeitschrift 7 0.83 51.59 Piano Quarterly 7 0.83 52.42 Soundboard 7 0.83 53.25 Note: In Table 5, the list ended after the last journal listed with 7 citations which took the list beyond 50%. Citation Counts of All Degrees in Ranked Order of Frequency No. of % of Total Cumulative % Journal Citations Citations of Citations Musical America 26 0.68 37.32 Journal of Band Research 25 0.66 37.98 Medical Problems of Performing Artists 25 0.66 38.63 Psychological Review 25 0.66 39.29 Musical Courier 23 0.60 39.89 Journal of Musicology 22 0.58 40.47 Etude 21 0.55 41.02 Action in Teacher Education 20 0.53 41.55 American Music Teacher 20 0.53 42.08 NATS Bulletin 20 0.53 42.60 Tempo 20 0.53 43.13 Acta Musicologica 19 0.50 43.63 ArchivffurfMusikwissenschaft 19 0.50 44.13 Choral Journal 19 0.50 44.63 Journal of the Arnold Schoenberg Inst. 18 0.47 45.10 Educational Technology 17 0.45 45.55 Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 17 0.45 45.99 Journal of Research in Singing 17 0.45 46.44 New York Times 16 0.42 46.86 Psychomusicology 16 0.42 47.28 Theory into Practice 16 0.42 47.70 MIX 15 0.39 48.09 Music Journal 15 0.39 48.49 Canadian Music Educatorss Journal 14 0.37 48.86 Early Music 14 0.37 49.22 Journal of the Acoustical Soc. of America 14 0.37 49.59 Notes 14 0.37 49.96 cluding music (1983), philosophy (1991), psychology (1995), and political science (1994).12–15 Each of these authors studied the dissertations found in a single insti­ tution in a broad field.
    keywords: citations; journal; list; music; research; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15275.pdf
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        item: #3432 of 5668
          id: crl-15276
      author: Black, Leah; Forro, Denise
       title: Humor in the Academic Library: You Must Be Joking! or, How Many Academic Librarians Does It Take to Change a Lightbulb?
        date: 1999-03-01
       words: 4614
      flesch: 53
     summary: One researcher notes, however, that much of the evidence cited to date linking humor with good health and psychological well-being is anecdotal and that more empirical study is needed.5 Humor is free and available to anyone, so it is important to know the effects of humor and the extent to which it can help people deal with sickness and stress. “In work­ place writing, many people assume a per­ sona, don a dour attitude and avoid us­ ing humor, thinking they may not be taken seriously if they do.”16
    keywords: academic; humor; ing; libraries; library; staff; stress; workplace
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15276.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15276.txt

        item: #3433 of 5668
          id: crl-15278
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1998
        date: 1999-03-01
       words: 7939
      flesch: 61
     summary: It does not list reference works, primary sources, or, for the most part, periodical articles. Each article begins with a concise bio- graphical sketch, a bibliography of the key editions and translations as well as critical works, and then, typically, an overall characterization of the author ’s work followed by two- or three-page dis- cussions of major works.
    keywords: encyclopedia; entries; guide; history; index; information; new; reference; volume; women; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15278.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15278.txt

        item: #3434 of 5668
          id: crl-15281
      author: Africa, Chris
       title: O’Donnell, James J. Avatars of the Word: From Papyrus to Cyberspace. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Pr., 1998. 210p. $24.95, alk. paper (ISBN 0-674‐05545-4). LC 97-32256.
        date: 1999-03-01
       words: 1291
      flesch: 51
     summary: As new technologies of the word open up the field of textual production and consumption, voices previously ex­ cluded increasingly challenge those mas­ ter narratives. Higher education, too, has a significant contribution to make in preparing people for life in a world of electronic text.
    keywords: o’donnell; textual; word
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15281.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15281.txt

        item: #3435 of 5668
          id: crl-15282
      author: Winter, Michael F.
       title: Qualitative Research. Eds. Gillian M. McCombs and Theresa M. Maylone. Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois Graduate School of Library and Information Science, Library Trends 46, no. 4 (spring 1998): 597–789. $18.50 (ISSN 0024-2594).
        date: 1999-03-01
       words: 1956
      flesch: 53
     summary: The particular contribution that Molly Abel Travis (associate professor of English at Tulane University) hopes to bring to the field of reader response theory is to ex­ amine reading communities or cultures as defined by race, gender, class, and age. Despite, or perhaps because of, the im­ portance of a largely quantitative infor­ mation science in the recent history of li­ brarianship, efforts to introduce us to, and school us in, qualitative research are now much more common than they once were.
    keywords: qualitative; readers; research; theory
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15282.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15282.txt

        item: #3436 of 5668
          id: crl-15283
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: Travis, Molly Abel. Reading Cultures: The Construction of Readers in the Twentieth Century. Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois Univ. Pr., 1998. 173p. $39.95, alk. paper (ISBN 0-8093-2146-7). LC 97‐10063.
        date: 1999-03-01
       words: 1310
      flesch: 61
     summary: To oversimplify a bit, she wants to syn­ thesize the rhetorical study of texts and readers with newer concerns of feminism, cultural studies, postcolonialism, queer studies, and so on. The next two chapters deal respec­ tively with gender and racial differences in texts, readers, and interpretation.
    keywords: readers; reading; travis
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15283.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15283.txt

        item: #3437 of 5668
          id: crl-15284
      author: Biddle, Stanton F.
       title: Untold Stories: Civil Liberties, Libraries, and Black Librarianship. Ed. John Mark Tucker. Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 1998. 210p. $27 (ISBN 0-87845-104-8). LC 98-196951.
        date: 1999-03-01
       words: 1349
      flesch: 55
     summary: The es­ says—by fifteen different writers, some black and some white—describe nearly two hundred years of effort; chronicling the struggle for liberty and literacy for 200 College & Research Libraries African Americans, from the Sunday school reading societies for black females in New York City in 1799 to current ef­ forts to provide adequate library services to minority communities in urban centers and rural areas. In 1930, Louis Shores published a survey assessing public library services for African-Americans in eighty cities with large numbers of African-American residents.
    keywords: african; library; reading
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15284.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15284.txt

        item: #3438 of 5668
          id: crl-15285
      author: RIGGS, DONALD E.
       title: Research: Value, Methods, and Publishing
        date: 1999-05-01
       words: 1696
      flesch: 44
     summary: It is a sad commentary to learn that an aca­ demic librarian has lost employment due to the lack of published research articles. Librarians who seek tenure and pro­ motion must have a solid comprehension of research methods in order to perform research and to get results published.
    keywords: false; research; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15285.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15285.txt

        item: #3439 of 5668
          id: crl-15286
      author: Richardson, John V.
       title: Understanding the Reference Transaction: A Systems Analysis Perspective
        date: 1999-05-01
       words: 6411
      flesch: 56
     summary: REAL QUESTION REFERENCE questions phrased as fol-RECORD COLLECTION lows: (1) “What are you DATA trying to do with this in- formation?” Furthermore, the author assumes that the reference process is: (1) goal directed in that inquirer and librarian are both en- gaged in solving or resolving8 an infor- mation problem, and (2) well bounded in that the problem-solution boundaries (i.e., the number of reference questions asked and reference questions answered) are finite.9 In the case of this article, en- larging our circle of knowledge about the system requirements (i.e., into the dimen- sion of the unknown mentioned above) would be aided by the existence of a use- ful model of the reference transaction.
    keywords: analysis; answer; information; inquirer; process; question; reference; requirements; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15286.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15286.txt

        item: #3440 of 5668
          id: crl-15287
      author: Crawford, Gregory A.
       title: The Research Literature of Academic Librarianship: A Comparison of College & Research Libraries and Journal of Academic Librarianship
        date: 1999-05-01
       words: 4054
      flesch: 53
     summary: The percentage of research articles included in these journals has increased since earlier studies. Their results showed that 54 per- cent of the articles could be classified as research articles, whereas 46 percent were professional articles (including reviews and bibliographies).
    keywords: articles; c&rl; college; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15287.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15287.txt

        item: #3441 of 5668
          id: crl-15288
      author: Mitchell, W. Bede; Reichel, Mary
       title: Publish or Perish: A Dilemma For Academic Librarians?
        date: 1999-05-01
       words: 7249
      flesch: 44
     summary: At these 374 institutions, 92.2 percent of librarians who underwent tenure review dur­ ing a three-year period were approved. The authors summarize survey information on librarians not granted tenure as well as those believed by directors to have resigned to avoid tenure review.
    keywords: academic; college; faculty; institutions; librarians; research; status; tenure
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15288.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15288.txt

        item: #3442 of 5668
          id: crl-15291
      author: Cohen, Laura B.; Still, Julie M.
       title: A Comparison of Research University and Two-Year College Library Web Sites: Content, Functionality, and Form
        date: 1999-05-01
       words: 9011
      flesch: 56
     summary: In recent years, library Web sites over­ all have undergone a tremendous prolif­ eration. The pages studied featured links to library services, resources on the Web, directions for locat­ ing the library, details of access for the dis­ abled, and a few special features such as lists of library instruction classes and a vir­ tual tour of the library.4 In 1998, David L. King investigated the main, front-end home page of all 120 ARL It may be assumed that any librarymounting a Web site does so withinthe context of an institution thatoffers Web access on publicworkstations or has expectations thata critical mass of its users hasInternet access from off-campus. library Web sites and identified common elements of the typical ARL library home page in the areas of page background, document headers, document footer, graphics, hypertext links, unlinked text, and page length.5 Among his findings was the frequent appearance of identifying titles, the <mailto:> tag to the author/cre­ ator, text­based hyperlinks to home page content, and text consisting of welcome messages and/or descriptions of hyperlinks The average main screen con­ tained approximately twenty­two hypertext links A useful article on Web page organiza­ tion was written by Steven W Sowards, who identified depth criteria to describe the design of ready reference sites of mostly academic library home pages 6 Group I sites May 1999 place all their links on a single page.
    keywords: college; libraries; library; links; page; research; sites; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15291.pdf
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        item: #3443 of 5668
          id: crl-15292
      author: Keiser, George R.
       title: Caesar, Terry. Writing in Disguise: Academic Life in Subordination. Athens: Ohio Univ. Pr., 1998. 177p. $25, alk. paper (ISBN 0-8214-1220-5). LC 97-30432.
        date: 1999-05-01
       words: 1282
      flesch: 57
     summary: Along with more impas­ sioned attempts to influence that direc­ tion, there is place for more modest re­ flections from a thoughtful academic who thinks a lot about the implications of the rejection letters and memos that many of us thoughtlessly toss into the trash (some­ times unread) and who, Ishmael-like, feels November in his soul.—George R. Keiser, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas. Gener­ alizations and conclusions from the work of colleagues in the social sciences frequently be­ come the basis for literary stud­ ies, in which is presented evi­ dence from literary works (or anything else designated as “a text”) to ex­ tend their validity and expand or qualify their insights, especially when those in­ sights concern power.
    keywords: academic; book; caesar
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15292.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15292.txt

        item: #3444 of 5668
          id: crl-15293
      author: Grumbling, Vernon Owen
       title: Creighton, Sarah Hammond. Greening the Ivory Tower: Improving the Environmental Track Record of Universities, Colleges, and Other Institutions. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Pr., 1998. 337p. $25, alk. paper (ISBN 0262531518). LC 97-39382.
        date: 1999-05-01
       words: 1305
      flesch: 59
     summary: Though it includes ex­ periences from a variety of institutions, the book is based on work accomplished at Tufts University through a research program (“Tufts CLEAN!”) begun in 1990 with a grant from the federal Environ­ mental Protection Agency. Along with more impas­ sioned attempts to influence that direc­ tion, there is place for more modest re­ flections from a thoughtful academic who thinks a lot about the implications of the rejection letters and memos that many of us thoughtlessly toss into the trash (some­ times unread) and who, Ishmael-like, feels November in his soul.—George R. Keiser, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.
    keywords: book; institutions; university
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        item: #3445 of 5668
          id: crl-15294
      author: D’Angelo, Barbara J.
       title: The Eighth Off-Campus Library Services Conference Proceedings: Providence, RI, April 22–24, 1998. Comp. P. Steven Thomas and Maryhelen Jones. Mount Pleasant, Mich.: Central Michigan Univ., 1998. 350p. $45.
        date: 1999-05-01
       words: 1288
      flesch: 52
     summary: Grimes discusses old conceptions and misconceptions regard­ ing the status of academic libraries and seeks a new metaphor for libraries that is more appropriate at the turn of the cen­ tury. In addition, she provides evi­ dence of what leaders in academia expect of librarians and libraries.
    keywords: campus; library; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15294.pdf
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        item: #3446 of 5668
          id: crl-15297
      author: Berman, Joan
       title: Naked Science: Anthropological Inquiry into Boundaries, Power, and Knowledge. Ed. Laura Nader. New York: Routledge, 1996. 318p. $69.95 cloth, alk. paper (ISBN 0415914647); $22.95 paper (ISBN 0415914655). LC 95-23650.
        date: 1999-05-01
       words: 657
      flesch: 55
     summary: The papers in this edited volume stem from that multidisciplinary symposium, “An­ thropology of Science and Scientists,” and reflect its concerns: (1) “Is Science Univer­ sal?” (2) “The Study of Knowledge Forma­ tion and Its Use,” (3) “The Behavior of Sci­ entists,” and (4) “Science Traditions across Cultures.” Boundaries become more explicit in the third part of the collection where research on local knowledge is brought into juxta­ position with other knowledge systems.
    keywords: science
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        item: #3447 of 5668
          id: crl-15298
      author: RIGGS, DONALD E.
       title: Faculty Status for Librarians: Force-Fitting into an Inappropriate Mold or Not?
        date: 1999-07-01
       words: 1660
      flesch: 40
     summary: In 1983, John N. DePew expressed his views on problems gener­ ated by faculty status for librarians: Faculty status is inappropriate for li­ brarians because it creates tensions that obscure the proper role of the li­ brarian, and it interferes with the ef­ fective delivery of library services by diverting librarians’ energies and at­ tentions from those services.1 The Debate Continues The ACRL Academic Status Committee has been quite active in strengthening the con­ cept and practice of granting/maintaining academic status for librarians. Notwithstanding the tremendous growing pressures on academic librarians to meet higher expectations of users, it is my opin­ ion that most librarians with faculty status still firmly believe in the virtues associated with this standing.
    keywords: false; status; true
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        item: #3448 of 5668
          id: crl-15299
      author: Budd, John M.
       title: Increases in Faculty Publishing Activity: An Analysis of ARL and ACRL Institutions
        date: 1999-07-01
       words: 3668
      flesch: 54
     summary: This factor may affect per capita publications but may not explain increases in total publications. For the earlier period, the The mean figures for total and per mean per capita number of publications is capita publications suggest the magni­ 3.56, with a low of 0.50 and a high of 12.71.
    keywords: faculty; institutions; publications; research; time
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15299.pdf
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        item: #3449 of 5668
          id: crl-15300
      author: Perrault, Anna H.; Madaus, Richard; Armbrister, Ann; Dixon, Jeannie; Smith, Rhonda
       title: The Effects of High Median Age on Currency of Resources in Community College Library Collections
        date: 1999-07-01
       words: 15029
      flesch: 62
     summary: As we move for­ ward in time, the majority of subject areas in the study decline in acquisitions num­ bers resulting in median collection ages in the 1970s. The findings of the 1998 LINCC col­ lection analysis have led to concern and recommendations for collection manage­ ment in college library collections.
    keywords: age; collection; college; i\ �; ii �; library; materials; median; research; study; � q; � subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15300.pdf
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        item: #3450 of 5668
          id: crl-15301
      author: Joswick, Kathleen E.
       title: Article Publication Patterns of Academic Librarians: An Illinois Case Study
        date: 1999-07-01
       words: 4598
      flesch: 42
     summary: Although additional articles by Illinois librarians were identified through keyword search­ ing in other databases, or by self-report­ ing, the corporate source field in the cita­ tion databases was the most effective way of identifying Illinois authors. It is im­ portant to note that collaborative authors who were not Illinois authors or not aca­ demic librarians were included in the to­ tal number of authors per article but were not counted in any of the tabulations on Illinois authors.
    keywords: articles; authors; illinois; librarians; library; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15301.pdf
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        item: #3451 of 5668
          id: crl-15302
      author: Weller, Ann C.; Hurd, Julie M.; Wiberley, Stephen E.
       title: Publication Patterns of U.S. Academic Librarians from 1993 to 1997
        date: 1999-07-01
       words: 6104
      flesch: 49
     summary: Budd and Seavey developed their own list of LIS journal titles to investi­ gate.13 Mary T. Kim studied citation analy­ sis using a core list of LIS titles.14 In 1983, John Centra reported that two samples of 2,973 and 1,623 faculty aver­ aged 1.7 and 2.5 publications, respec­ tively, over a five-year period.33 Publica­ tions were not limited to journal articles.
    keywords: academic; articles; librarians; library; lis; research; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15302.pdf
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        item: #3452 of 5668
          id: crl-15303
      author: McCracken, Peter
       title: Association and Division Membership among Small College Librarians
        date: 1999-07-01
       words: 3877
      flesch: 57
     summary: This study explores ALA membership among directors at small liberal arts colleges. This research attempts to determine ALA membership among a defined group of individuals.
    keywords: ala; directors; members; membership
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15303.pdf
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        item: #3453 of 5668
          id: crl-15304
      author: Mendelsohn, Jennifer
       title: Learning Electronic Reference Resources: A Team-Learning Project for Reference Staff
        date: 1999-07-01
       words: 7202
      flesch: 60
     summary: A ques­ tionnaire was appended that would iden­ tify interested individuals and elicit the information that would allow the creation of small learning groups, based on area of general subject interest (humanities and/or social sciences, sciences or mixed), availability, and preferred location. Library staff participants were organized into teams called Electronic Reference Re­ source Groups (ERRGs).
    keywords: errg; groups; learning; participants; reference; resources; staff; time
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15304.pdf
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        item: #3454 of 5668
          id: crl-15306
      author: Graves, Diane J.
       title: Habich, Elizabeth Chamberlain. Moving Library Collections: A Management Handbook. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Pr. (Greenwood Library Management Collection), 1998. 344p. $79.50, alk. paper (ISBN 0-313-29330‐9). LC 97-53221.
        date: 1999-07-01
       words: 1268
      flesch: 62
     summary: Major moves are stressful, aggravating, and physically ex­ hausting, but they present the library with a team-building opportunity that is un­ matched by any other project because every employee—regardless of rank—is affected and can be involved. Because I have been involved in several moves at two other institutions, and because this par­ ticular move has dominated my recent work life, I was keenly interested in re­ viewing Elizabeth Habich’s book.
    keywords: book; habich; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15306.pdf
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        item: #3455 of 5668
          id: crl-15307
      author: Conaway, Charles Wm.
       title: The Knowledge Economy. Ed. Dale Neef. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann (Resources for the Knowledge-Based Economy), 1998. 278p. $21.95, alk. paper (ISBN 0750699361). LC 97-34241.
        date: 1999-07-01
       words: 663
      flesch: 62
     summary: The Changing Economic Landscape; Knowledge as the Economic Force of Growth and Change; Measuring and Managing the Intangibles of Knowl­ edge; Learning Organizations in the Glo­ bal Knowledge-Based Economy and So­ ciety; and Public Policy: Government, Education, and Training in the Knowl­ edge-Based Economy. Dale Neef has provided a partial remedy to this situa­ tion with the publication of this selection of readings on the political economy of knowledge.
    keywords: economy; knowledge
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15307.pdf
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        item: #3456 of 5668
          id: crl-15308
      author: Smith, J. Christina
       title: Nolan, Christopher W. Managing the Reference Collection. Chicago: ALA, 1999. 231p. $30, acid-free paper (ISBN 0‐8389-0748-2). LC 98-037178.
        date: 1999-07-01
       words: 1853
      flesch: 53
     summary: Observing that reference collections are the gateway to the rest of the library, Nolan holds that reference collections should contain sources that are reference-formatted, fre­ quently used, authoritative, current, and unique in coverage. He urges librarians to implement collection development policies for reference collections and of­ fers practical advice on the elements of such a policy.
    keywords: collection; reference; research; sources
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15308.pdf
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        item: #3457 of 5668
          id: crl-15309
      author: Zhang, Sha Li
       title: Watson-Boone, Rebecca. How Library and Information Science Research Literature Describes Librarians: A Synthesis of Selected 1985–1995 Articles. Mequon, Wisc.: Center for the Study of Information Professionals, Inc. (CSIP Occasional Papers, no. 1), 1998. 33p. $8.98, paper (ISSN 1520-8400).
        date: 1999-07-01
       words: 1216
      flesch: 53
     summary: Notwithstanding the fact that this pub­ lication includes findings on librarians from all types of libraries, there are sev­ eral good reasons why academic librarians should consult this well-organized, easy- to-read work. The image of practicing librarians, from all types of libraries in the United States, has frequently been the focus of research in the library and information science (LIS) literature.
    keywords: librarians; research; studies
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15309.pdf
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        item: #3458 of 5668
          id: crl-15310
      author: Merrett, Christopher
       title: Willinsky, John. Learning to Divide the World: Education at Empire’s End. Min‐neapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Pr., 1998. 304p. $22.95, alk. paper, cloth (ISBN 0‐8166-3076-3); paper (0-8166-3077-1). LC 97-43232.
        date: 1999-07-01
       words: 1255
      flesch: 50
     summary: Notwithstanding the fact that this pub­ lication includes findings on librarians from all types of libraries, there are sev­ eral good reasons why academic librarians should consult this well-organized, easy- to-read work. Not least among them is that academic librarians will learn basic con­ cepts that will enable them to better un­ derstand themselves.
    keywords: librarians; willinsky; world
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15310.pdf
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        item: #3459 of 5668
          id: crl-15313
      author: Brown, Cecelia M.
       title: Information Literacy of Physical Science Graduate Students in the Information Age
        date: 1999-09-01
       words: 7664
      flesch: 48
     summary: Information Literacy of Physical Science Graduate Students in the Information Age Cecelia M. Brown This article reports on findings from a survey exploring the information literacy of physical science graduate students. Cecelia M. Brown is an Assistant Professor and the Chemistry–Mathematics Librarian at the University of Oklahoma; e-mail: cbrown@ou.edu. 426 mailto:cbrown@ou.edu Information Literacy of Physical Science Graduate Students 427 Background The 1989 report from the ALA’s Presiden­ tial Committee on Information Literacy defines an information-literate person as one who “must be able to recognize when information is needed and have the abil­ ity to locate, evaluate, and effectively use the needed information.”1
    keywords: graduate; information; library; literacy; ph.d; physical; science; search; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15313.pdf
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        item: #3460 of 5668
          id: crl-15314
      author: Bell, Steven J.
       title: Understanding Preferences for Search System Interfaces and the Role of Emotive Forces: A Research Challenge
        date: 1999-09-01
       words: 7366
      flesch: 52
     summary: Both groups seek out search interfaces that al- low the highest-quality outcome with the least chance for search failure. Other indicators support the observa- tion that search interface is less critical to searcher success than hypothesized.
    keywords: interface; online; search; searchers; searching; telnet; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15314.pdf
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        item: #3461 of 5668
          id: crl-15315
      author: Hart, Richard L.
       title: Scholarly Publication by University Librarians: A Study at Penn State
        date: 1999-09-01
       words: 4871
      flesch: 49
     summary: Findings indicate that Penn State librarians are quite productive in terms of the number of publications they contribute to the literature, and they are strongly com­ mitted to research. Penn State librarians are required to publish in order to be success­ ful in their quest for promotion and ten­ ure, and anecdotal evidence suggests that these librarians believe the expectations for publication have increased dramati­ cally in the past few years.
    keywords: articles; journal; librarians; library; publications; state
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15315.pdf
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        item: #3462 of 5668
          id: crl-15316
      author: Lawson, Karen G.; Pelzer, Nancy L.
       title: Assessing Technology-based Projects for Promotion and/or Tenure in ARL Academic Libraries
        date: 1999-09-01
       words: 5933
      flesch: 48
     summary: 472 College & Research Libraries September 1999 based projects alone (without accompa­ nying traditional scholarship) would ever be sufficient evidence of scholarship for the granting of tenure. Other projects evaluated, according to comments re­ ceived in response to the question “Are there any other types of technology- based projects that have been components of pro­ motion and/or tenure re­ views in your Library?” were curricular, internal, or Internet-based.
    keywords: academic; faculty; libraries; projects; promotion; technology; tenure
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15316.pdf
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        item: #3463 of 5668
          id: crl-15317
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1998–1999
        date: 1999-09-01
       words: 8227
      flesch: 61
     summary: The reader is given a “Subject by Author Index” meaning that each author (over 600) is listed under the relevant topic, and an “Author by Subject Index,” where the au­ thors are listed alphabetically with the top­ ics and page numbers (rather than the com­ mon practice of citing entry numbers, of which there are none) entered under them. The revision was taken over by C.E. Preston who added a num­ ber of new entries and corrected others.
    keywords: author; bibliography; book; entries; entry; historical; index; isbn; lccn; list; new; reference; sources; volume; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15317.pdf
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        item: #3464 of 5668
          id: crl-15319
      author: Shiflett, Lee
       title: The Education of Library and Information Professionals Series
        date: 1999-09-01
       words: 3326
      flesch: 56
     summary: In describing the situation in Ice­ land, Sigrún Klara Hannesdóttir pointed to the rivalry between library education and teacher education programs for con­ trol of the school librarian. The volumes for the Nordic countries, the United States, and the United Kingdom Book Reviews 497 each contain final chapters on the future of library education contributed respec­ tively by Niels Ole Pors, head of the Royal School of Librarianship in Copenhagen; Thomas Galvin, former dean of the School of Library and Information Science at the University of Pittsburgh; and John Feather, former head of the Department of Library and Information Studies at Loughborough University.
    keywords: education; information; librarianship; library; united; volumes
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15319.pdf
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        item: #3465 of 5668
          id: crl-15320
      author: Harger, Elaine
       title: Kors, Alan Charles, and Harvey A. Silverglate. The Shadow University: The Betrayal of Liberty on America’s Campuses. New York: Free Press, 1998. 415p. $27.50 (ISBN 0684853213). LC 98‐8728.
        date: 1999-09-01
       words: 1910
      flesch: 57
     summary: Kors (a professor at the University of Pennsylvania and a central figure in the 1993 “water buffalo” speech code case at his own campus) and Silverglate (a criminal defense and civil rights lawyer in Boston) do make a point about the effi­ cacy of speech codes. The sheer absurdity of many of the cases they present illus­ trate the shortcomings: speech codes are legalistic controls misapplied to a prob­ lem of ideology; the exercise and enforce­ ment of such codes tend to be arbitrary; and they are designed primarily to ac­ commodate the administrative flowcharts and paper-chase procedures of bureau­ crats.
    keywords: book; kors; silverglate; speech
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15320.pdf
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        item: #3466 of 5668
          id: crl-15322
      author: Garrett, Jeffrey
       title: Towards the Digital Library: The British Library’s Initiatives for Access Programme. Ed. Leona Carpenter, Simon Shaw, and Andrew Prescott. London: The British Library, 1998. 256p. $45 (ISBN 0-7123-4540-X) LC98‐183175.
        date: 1999-09-01
       words: 2017
      flesch: 55
     summary: On one level, it is a kind of Festschrift, actually a Selbstfestschrift, in that it places a monument to what, by all the accounts collected here, was an enor­ mously successful spurt of innovation in the field of library digitization. With this exception, it is in fact the depth and breadth of transatlantic coop­ eration in the area of library digitization that impresses the North American reader.
    keywords: book; british; digital; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15322.pdf
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        item: #3467 of 5668
          id: crl-15323
      author: Haug, James D.
       title: Watson-Boone, Rebecca. Constancy and Change in the Worklife of Research University Librarians. Chicago: ALA (ACRL Publications in Librarianship, no. 51), 1998. 172p. $30, alk. paper (ISBN 0‐8389-7984-X). LC 98-26935.
        date: 1999-09-01
       words: 1320
      flesch: 53
     summary: Jeffrey 504 College & Research Libraries ing to workers, introduces the concept of work centrality, defined as “the extent to which a person defines him- or her­ self through work and expresses a com­ mitment to working.” In the second chapter, “Tell Me What You Do,” the author distinguishes four categories of academic library work, then tells how librarians occupying those cat­ egories regarded their work.
    keywords: librarians; library; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15323.pdf
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        item: #3468 of 5668
          id: crl-15324
      author: RIGGS, DONALD E.
       title: Library Management and Technology
        date: 1999-11-01
       words: 1636
      flesch: 41
     summary: With user expectations exceed­ ing existing library resources, library managers must manage intelligently and strategically to provide the best services possible to current and future users. Creativity should not be con­ sidered off-limits to managers; quite the contrary, they should be encouraged to use their creative skills to the hilt.
    keywords: false; library; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15324.pdf
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        item: #3469 of 5668
          id: crl-15326
      author: Bordeianu, Sever; Seiser, Virginia
       title: Paraprofessional Catalogers in ARL Libraries
        date: 1999-11-01
       words: 4925
      flesch: 46
     summary: The decision was made to focus on paraprofessional cataloging positions be­ cause the tasks performed in cataloging are more standardized across libraries than seems to be the case for other types of library positions. When the university established a committee to make recommendations about career ladders within the library “job family,” the opportunity was taken to address the issue of education require­ ments for specific library positions.
    keywords: cataloging; education; experience; libraries; postsecondary; years
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15326.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15326.txt

        item: #3470 of 5668
          id: crl-15329
      author: Owens, Irene
       title: The Impact of Change from Hierarchy to Teams in Two Academic Libraries: Intended Results versus Actual Results Using Total Quality Management
        date: 1999-11-01
       words: 7861
      flesch: 57
     summary: Levels of Change One way to judge the effects of change is to assess the results based on the vari­ ous levels where changes were made. Rather, the hierarchy can serve as a platform for the evolution of team approaches.
    keywords: approach; change; customer; data; hierarchy; library; staff; teams; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15329.pdf
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        item: #3471 of 5668
          id: crl-15330
      author: Casey, Carol
       title: An Analytical Index to the Internet: Dreams of Utopia
        date: 1999-11-01
       words: 6716
      flesch: 58
     summary: Thumbing through Web Sites Before the development of the graphical user interface (GUI), Internet resources were text files. Rethinking Bibliographic Control We must ask ourselves what we want to see in the future of catalog­ ing and what the acceptable norm of organization for the electronic world is if not cataloging as usual.32 Because Web sites are not like books, it is reasonable to believe that traditional approaches to bibliographic control need to be reevaluated for Internet resources.
    keywords: access; index; information; internet; resources; search; site; subject; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15330.pdf
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        item: #3472 of 5668
          id: crl-15331
      author: Simoneaux, Laverne
       title: Breivik, Patricia Senn. Student Learning in the Information Age. Phoenix, Ariz.: Oryx Pr. (American Council on Education/Oryx Press Series on Higher Education), 1998. 173p. $ 34.95, alk. paper (ISBN 1-57356-000-6). LC 97‐35183.
        date: 1999-11-01
       words: 1209
      flesch: 51
     summary: These new methods are grounded in what is known as re­ source-based learning, the foundation of information literacy. The author’s inclusion of examples of best practices and models, incorporating information literacy, from colleges and universities worldwide, gives the read­ ers many ideas and scenarios from which to choose.
    keywords: breivik; information; literacy
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15331.pdf
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        item: #3473 of 5668
          id: crl-15332
      author: Winston, Mark
       title: Chilling Admissions: The Affirmative Action Crisis and the Search for Alternatives. Ed. Gary Orfield and Edward Miller. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Education Publishing Group, 1998. 132 p. $15.95 (ISBN 1-891792-00-8). LC 98-71079.
        date: 1999-11-01
       words: 1218
      flesch: 49
     summary: Extent and nature of circulation (Average figures denote the average number of copies printed each issue during the preceding twelve months; actual figures denote actual number of copies of single issue published nearest filing date: September 1998 issue.) Affirmative action is a loaded term these days.
    keywords: action; actual; affirmative
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15332.pdf
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        item: #3474 of 5668
          id: crl-15333
      author: Graham, Peter
       title: Digital Culture: Maximising the Nation’s Investment: A Synthesis of JISC/NPO Studies on the Preservation of Electronic Materials. Ed. Mary Feeney. London: British Library Board, 1999. 85p. (ISBN 0-7123-4645-7).
        date: 1999-11-01
       words: 1920
      flesch: 55
     summary: First conceived as a companion to Arabic literature, it retains some of that spirit in articles such as “the­ atre and drama, medieval,” “Africa, Ara­ bic literature in,” or “singers and musi­ cians,” articles that are often of more general interest than the purely bio­ graphical ones. The focus of this work on its selected realm of Arabic literature, ancient and modern, is both a strength and a weakness.
    keywords: actual; data; digital; preservation
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15333.pdf
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        item: #3475 of 5668
          id: crl-15334
      author: Hutchins, William Maynard
       title: Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. Eds. Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey. London & New York: Routledge, 1998. 2‐volume set, 857p. $290, alk. paper (ISBN 0-415-06808-8). LC 96-047907.
        date: 1999-11-01
       words: 1920
      flesch: 55
     summary: First conceived as a companion to Arabic literature, it retains some of that spirit in articles such as “the­ atre and drama, medieval,” “Africa, Ara­ bic literature in,” or “singers and musi­ cians,” articles that are often of more general interest than the purely bio­ graphical ones. The focus of this work on its selected realm of Arabic literature, ancient and modern, is both a strength and a weakness.
    keywords: actual; data; digital; preservation
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        item: #3476 of 5668
          id: crl-15335
      author: Gilbert, Ellen D.
       title: Jones, Plummer Alston, Jr. Libraries, Immigrants, and the American Experience. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood (Contributions in Librarianship and Information Science, no. 29), 1999. 236p. $59.95, alk. paper (ISBN 0-313-30769-5). LC 98‐26439.
        date: 1999-11-01
       words: 1287
      flesch: 55
     summary: Jones focuses on two particular eras in American immigration: the years of “free immigration,” from 1876 to 1924; and the time of “restricted immigration,” from 1924 to 1948. The focus of this work on its selected realm of Arabic literature, ancient and modern, is both a strength and a weakness.
    keywords: arabic; jones; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15335.pdf
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        item: #3477 of 5668
          id: crl-15336
      author: Finnegan, Gregory A.
       title: Moran, Gordon. Silencing Scientists and Scholars in Other Fields: Power, Paradigm Controls, Peer Review, and Scholarly Communication. Greenwich, Conn. and London: Ablex Publishing (Contemporary Studies in Information Management, Policies, and Services), 1998. 187p. $73.25, cloth (ISBN 1-56750-342‐X); $39.50, paper (ISBN 1-56750-343-8). LC 97-30773.
        date: 1999-11-01
       words: 1243
      flesch: 57
     summary: One may, or may not, find the jocularly face­ tious letter amusing, but it is a mighty weak reed to support, as Moran would have it, an indictment of moral failing in academe: “For someone studying the phenomenon of toleration of falsification, the compilation of [my] Reunion Direc­ tory was a real eye-opener.” Like most authors writing about sci­ ence in the past forty years, Moran fre­ quently invokes Thomas Kuhn, usually (in Moran’s repeated phrase) with reference to “paradigm-busting” opinions and their suppression. That Moran’s absolutist expectations of us are more than we can fulfill does not relieve us of responsibility for our roles in scholarly communication.
    keywords: book; moran
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        item: #3478 of 5668
          id: crl-15338
      author: Martell, Charles
       title: The Disembodied Librarian in the Digital Age
        date: 2000-01-01
       words: 11906
      flesch: 65
     summary: Robert Doisneau, Three Seconds of Eternity (New York: te Neues Pub., 1997). The Dreams Our Stuff Is Made Of: How Science Fiction Conquered the World (New York: Free Pr., 1998).
    keywords: age; body; cyberspace; digital; human; ibid; information; ing; library; life; new; reality; science; space; time; virtual; world; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15338.pdf
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        item: #3479 of 5668
          id: crl-15339
      author: Agingu, Beatrice O.
       title: Library Web Sites at Historically Black Colleges and Universities
        date: 2000-01-01
       words: 4343
      flesch: 59
     summary: However, the most impor­ tant determinant of an effective Web site is that it should have a clear mission and a clear sense of its users and their needs.4 In his article on the mission and func­ tion of library Web sites, Mark Stover fo­ cused on the mission and function of li­ brary Web Sites as they relate to the mis­ sion of the organization and the function or role of the librarian. This study focused on library Web sites of public-supported colleges and univer­ sities in the Southeast; a similar study conducted on all types of HBCUs nation­ wide may be necessary to determine any differences in their performance.
    keywords: hbcu; libraries; library; sites; web
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        item: #3480 of 5668
          id: crl-15340
      author: Herring, Susan Davis
       title: Journal Literature on Digital Libraries: Publishing and Indexing Patterns, 1992–1997
        date: 2000-01-01
       words: 2451
      flesch: 51
     summary: he number of journal articles published on the topic of digi­ tal libraries has proliferated in the past several years. herring.p65 Journal Literature on Digital Libraries 39 Journal Literature on Digital Libraries: Publishing and Indexing Patterns, 1992–1997 Susan Davis Herring This study examines publishing and indexing patterns in the area of digital libraries to identify the core journals and the most effective de­ scriptor terms for online searching.
    keywords: articles; digital; libraries; library
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        item: #3481 of 5668
          id: crl-15341
      author: Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J.; Jiao, Qun G.
       title: I’ll Go to the Library Later: The Relationship between Academic Procrastination and Library Anxiety
        date: 2000-01-01
       words: 5700
      flesch: 38
     summary: Onwuegbuzie found that many graduate students procrastinate at various stages of the research process, including while engaged in the literature review pro­ cess.19 Because many students also experi­ ence library anxiety while conducting re­ search, it is likely that academic procrasti­ nation is related to library anxiety, although this has not been tested empirically.20 This study investigated the relationship between academic procrastination and library anxiety at the graduate level.
    keywords: academic; academic procrastination; anxiety; barriers; canonical; library; procrastination; students
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        item: #3482 of 5668
          id: crl-15342
      author: Allison, DeeAnn; McNeil, Beth; Swanson, Signe
       title: Database Selection: One Size Does Not Fit All
        date: 2000-01-01
       words: 4612
      flesch: 62
     summary: Electronic databases usu­ ally offer several levels of functionality, 58 College & Research Libraries January 2000 TABLE 1 Database Features: Output Options Features Specific Considerations Displaying What is default display (citation, abstract, full-text)? This can reduce the overhead for libraries that provide in­ house access to electronic databases.
    keywords: access; database; electronic; local; search
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        item: #3483 of 5668
          id: crl-15345
      author: Daniels, Timothy F.
       title: Crawford, Walt. Being Analog: Creating Tomorrow’s Libraries. Chicago: ALA, 1999. 245p. $35 (ISBN 0838907547). LC 98-40764.
        date: 2000-01-01
       words: 1315
      flesch: 60
     summary: For libraries to provide the high quality of service users have grown to expect, librarians must become lifelong learners and develop an understanding of the increasingly complex nature of in­ formation resources. Appendix B provides excerpts from the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 that apply to libraries and archives, and Appendix C offers a philosophical view: the International Coalition of Li­ brary Consortia’s “Statement of Current Perspective and Preferred Practices for the Selection and Purchase of Electronic Information.”
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #3484 of 5668
          id: crl-15346
      author: Schneiter, Thomas E.
       title: Informationsversorgung “Politik und Strategie”/Information Provision-Politics and Strategy: Proceedings of the International Seminar 1999. Wurzburg: Akademy Frankenwarte/Deutsches Bibliotheksinstitut, 1998. 445p.
        date: 2000-01-01
       words: 1305
      flesch: 55
     summary: For libraries to provide the high quality of service users have grown to expect, librarians must become lifelong learners and develop an understanding of the increasingly complex nature of in­ formation resources. we are building libraries that allow pa­ trons access to a mixture of analog and digital materials, both on- and off-site.
    keywords: libraries; library; tion
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        item: #3485 of 5668
          id: crl-15347
      author: Stilling, Glenn Ellen Starr
       title: “LOEX” of the West: Collaboration and Instructional Design in a Virtual Environment. Ed. Kari Anderson, et al. Stamford, Conn.: JAI Pr. (Foundations in Library and Information Science, v. 43), 1999. 282p. $78.50 (ISBN 0-7623-0549-5). LC 99-12397.
        date: 2000-01-01
       words: 1880
      flesch: 54
     summary: She began with discussions of librarian/teaching faculty role expecta­ tions and how librarians can contribute to successful collaborations. They initiated a seven-week information literacy course taught by both librarians and teach­ ing faculty.
    keywords: faculty; information; librarians; university
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        item: #3486 of 5668
          id: crl-15348
      author: Black, Lois Fischer
       title: Medicine, Mortality, and the Book Trade. Ed. Robin Myers and Michael Harris. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Pr. (Publishing Pathways), 1998. 170p. $39.95 (ISBN 1 884718-81-7).
        date: 2000-01-01
       words: 1920
      flesch: 59
     summary: The es­ says are grouped around the book’s the­ matic axis, and cover topics ranging from the passions of book collectors to the ail­ ments of printers. The technophile view ac­ cepts new technology uncritically whereas the dystopian view rejects new technology blindly.
    keywords: book; information; medicine; technology
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        item: #3487 of 5668
          id: crl-15349
      author: Yu, Xiaochang
       title: Nardi, Bonnie A., and Vicki L. O’Day. Information Ecologies: Using Technology with Heart. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Pr., 1999. 232p. $27.50, alk. paper (ISBN 0 262-14066-7). LC 98-29318.
        date: 2000-01-01
       words: 872
      flesch: 58
     summary: The ecology metaphor for information technology is an attractive one; it can be invigorating to question the assumption of technology’s dominance. The technophile view ac­ cepts new technology uncritically whereas the dystopian view rejects new technology blindly.
    keywords: information; technology
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        item: #3488 of 5668
          id: crl-15351
      author: Martell, Charles; Moran, Barbara; Saunders, Laverna
       title: The Disembodied Librarian in the Digital Age, Part II
        date: 2000-03-01
       words: 8707
      flesch: 59
     summary: A wide array of intelligent agents or bots will assist librarians in offering students and faculty customized services and products far beyond today’s gener­ alized approaches.32 The construction of new libraries will diminish, and within twenty- five years the physical symbol of the library will no longer be a viable representation of functionality. The construction of new libraries will diminish, and within twenty-five years the physical symbol of the library will no longer be a viable rep­ resentation of functionality.
    keywords: age; computer; digital; discontinuities; future; information; librarians; library; new; reality; space; time; virtual
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        item: #3489 of 5668
          id: crl-15352
      author: Huang, Hong-Wei; Zhang, Sha Li
       title: College and University Mergers: Impact on Academic Libraries in China
        date: 2000-03-01
       words: 2741
      flesch: 56
     summary: • Acquisitions: A coordinating effort in acquisitions should be made among merging libraries. Library mergers are new, complicated, and exciting in China.
    keywords: libraries; library; mergers; university
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        item: #3490 of 5668
          id: crl-15354
      author: LaFond, Deborah M.; Van Ullen, Mary K.; Irving, Richard D.
       title: Diversity in Collection Development: Comparing Access Strategies to Alternative Press Periodicals
        date: 2000-03-01
       words: 5081
      flesch: 50
     summary: Because traditional ILL does not offer quick enough turnaround time to satisfy many users, this study looked at access to API titles through ex­ pedited ILL resource-sharing consortia within the State University of New York http:Index.10 138 College & Research Libraries March 2000 The third method of availability inves­ tigated was access to current print sub­ scriptions of API titles within SUNY librar­ ies.
    keywords: academic; access; api; libraries; text; titles
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        item: #3491 of 5668
          id: crl-15355
      author: Dow, Ronald F.
       title: Editorial Gatekeepers Confronted by the Electronic Journal
        date: 2000-03-01
       words: 4617
      flesch: 45
     summary: The correlation between those who sup­ ported e-journal development and previ­ ous experience with electronic journals produced a Kendall’s tau value of .171, in­ dicating a slightly positive correlation be­ tween the two statements. It is suggested that edito­ rial gatekeepers may view electronic journals as an extension of the informal communication system of the disciplines rather than as a me­ dium for supplanting the traditional paper format of academic journals.
    keywords: development; electronic; gatekeepers; journals; paper
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        item: #3492 of 5668
          id: crl-15356
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1999
        date: 2000-03-01
       words: 7273
      flesch: 59
     summary: For each title, bibliographic informa­ tion (author, publication date, relation to other works of the author) is given along with a brief note on the theme, the author ’s purpose, outline of the story, critical evaluation, and a bibliography of commentaries and critical works (with full citation in the bibliography section). Included, too, are the Title Index (index to titles of works cited in the articles), Further Reading Index (author/editor index to bibliographies that accompany articles), and Notes on Advisers and Con­ tributors (brief notes on contributors’ in­ stitutional affiliation and major works).
    keywords: articles; bibliography; encyclopedia; entries; history; index; in­; new; reference; research; titles; volume; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15356.pdf
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        item: #3493 of 5668
          id: crl-15357
      author: Kagan, Alfred
       title: Brody, Peter, Jenny Craven, and Shelagh Fisher. Extremism and the Internet. Manchester, Eng.: Centre for Research in Library & Information Management, Manchester Metropolitan University (British Library Research & Innovation Report, 145), 1999. 95p. (ISBN 0-9535-3430-8).
        date: 2000-03-01
       words: 1216
      flesch: 59
     summary: For example, both Germany and France have laws prohibiting mate­ rial denying the Holocaust, but Web sites in other European countries effectively go around such laws. Extremist groups are able to bypass national laws to get their mes­ sages out.
    keywords: library; report; u.s
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        item: #3494 of 5668
          id: crl-15358
      author: McCombs, Gillian M.
       title: Brosnan, Mark J. Technophobia: The Psychological Impact of Information Technology. London and New York: Routledge, 1998. 220p. $75 cloth (ISBN 0-4151‐3596-6); $22.99 paper (ISBN 0-4151‐3597-4). LC 97-39321.
        date: 2000-03-01
       words: 1965
      flesch: 57
     summary: Brosnan’s aim is to combine research from several different areas—gender dif­ ferences, self-efficacy, cognitive style— into a unitary picture so as to develop greater insights into how various pro­ cesses affect computer use and how they interact with each other. Or put it this way, should a reference librarian give a skinhead a freely available manual for bomb making, or should such information be freely available on a skinhead Web site?
    keywords: book; information; magazines; research
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        item: #3495 of 5668
          id: crl-15361
      author: Welburn, William C.
       title: Print Culture in a Diverse America. Ed. James P. Danky and Wayne A. Wiegand. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Pr. (History of Communication Series), 1998. 291p. $49.95, acid-free paper, cloth (ISBN 0-2520-2398-6); $27.95 paper (ISBN 0-2520-6699-5). LC 97‐33935.
        date: 2000-03-01
       words: 1262
      flesch: 52
     summary: This is an important warning that a single-minded (and ethnocentric) focus on print culture ignores much that is valued by cultural communities: that which re­ sides outside the realm of print culture or of the reading interests of their members (e.g., in music, stories, and visual and performance-related arts). Investigation of print culture in this century is also complicated by an array of media that include newspapers Book Reviews 175 and periodicals, broadsides, pamphlets, and posters which reflect the activities of various communities, organizations and movements, and individuals.
    keywords: cultural; culture; print
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15361.pdf
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        item: #3496 of 5668
          id: crl-15362
      author: Hu, Chengren
       title: Technology and Scholarly Communication. Ed. Richard Ekman and Richard E. Quandt. Berkeley: Univ. of California Pr., 1999. 442p. $45.00, alk. paper, cloth (ISBN 0-520-21762-4); $19.95 paper (ISBN 0-520-21763-2). LC 98-30679.
        date: 2000-03-01
       words: 1511
      flesch: 45
     summary: Okerson gives an overview of copyright and licensing of electronic publications. Interuniversity consortia are consid­ ered an effective means of overcoming the high costs of electronic publication.
    keywords: electronic; print; scholarly
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15362.pdf
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        item: #3497 of 5668
          id: crl-15363
      author: RIGGS, DONALD E.
       title: A Closer Look at User Services
        date: 2000-05-01
       words: 1704
      flesch: 45
     summary: Gen­ erally speaking, it is practically impossible to offer library services of equal quality to those received on the local campus. Librarians who participate in distance library services for the first time will quickly realize that extra effort is required if high-quality ser­ vice is to be provided to these distance us­ ers.
    keywords: false; library; true
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        item: #3498 of 5668
          id: crl-15364
      author: Potthoff, Joy K.; Weis, David L.; Montanelli, Dale S.; Murbach, Matthew M.
       title: An Evaluation of Patron Perceptions of Library Space Using the Role Repertory Grid Procedure
        date: 2000-05-01
       words: 6326
      flesch: 57
     summary: The Role Repertory Grid Procedure did yield useful information about the uni­ verse of themes that library patrons use in making judgments about library space. The evaluation of library space for its effectiveness and efficiency in meeting patron needs is an important part of the process in planning library facilities.
    keywords: area; catalog; grid; library; space; students; study
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15364.pdf
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        item: #3499 of 5668
          id: crl-15365
      author: Winston, Mark D.; Li, Haipeng
       title: Managing Diversity in Liberal Arts College Libraries
        date: 2000-05-01
       words: 5416
      flesch: 36
     summary: Another example is the University of Michigan Library, which was one of the first institutions in the country to under- take diversity initiatives and programs in areas such as minority recruitment and retention and bibliographic instruction.7 In �Diversity in the Library: What Could Happen at the Institutional Level,� Haipeng Li discussed the need for, and relative lack of, diversity programs and initiatives in liberal arts college libraries and the efforts at Oberlin College to implement diversity programs in a liberal arts college library environment.8 All academic libraries may face many of the same challenges and have similar opportunities. Whereas 61 percent of those libraries within insti- tutions with college diversity officers of- fer services to specific segments of the stu- dent population, only 40 percent of those within institutions without a college di- versity officer have implemented such programs, as represented by a statistically significant chi-square of 0.046.
    keywords: college; diversity; libraries; library; officer
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        item: #3500 of 5668
          id: crl-15366
      author: Thornton, Joyce K.
       title: Job Satisfaction of Librarians of African Descent Employed in ARL Academic Libraries
        date: 2000-05-01
       words: 8633
      flesch: 49
     summary: Job dis­ satisfaction, where it exists, seemed to be largely independent of the introduction of new technology.22 In a study of corre­ lation between job satisfaction, job atti­ tudes, and work behavior among staff members in academic libraries in Nige­ ria, Edet E. Nkeuweren supported the proposition that management style and quality of work life affect job satisfaction and that overall job satisfaction is a func­ tion of many needs. This study examines job satisfaction of librarians of African descent employed at academic libraries holding membership in the Association of Research Libraries.
    keywords: african; descent; job; job satisfaction; librarians; library; percent; satisfaction; work; years
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        item: #3501 of 5668
          id: crl-15367
      author: Tenopir, Carol; Read, Eleanor
       title: Patterns of Database Use in Academic Libraries
        date: 2000-05-01
       words: 5884
      flesch: 53
     summary: Anne-Marie Belanger and Sandra D. Hoffman surveyed academic library users to see if demographic or other factors in­ fluence how often they use ERIC on CD­ ROM.8 Judith A. Adams and Sharon C. Bonk found that, for faculty, not knowing what electronic resources are available is the major barrier to use. This paper reports on a two-phase study of academic libraries to identify patterns of database use and the factors that might influence this use.
    keywords: academic; database; libraries; library; online; use; users
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        item: #3502 of 5668
          id: crl-15368
      author: Quinn, Brian
       title: The McDonaldization of Academic Libraries?
        date: 2000-05-01
       words: 8838
      flesch: 48
     summary: The fast-food concept of quick service may have had the effect of raising the expectations of library users. In academic libraries, these people include both librarians and library users themselves, the students and faculty.
    keywords: academic; academic libraries; creative; creativity; http; ideas; libraries; library; management; mcdonaldization; mcdonaldized; research; technology; users
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15368.pdf
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        item: #3503 of 5668
          id: crl-15370
      author: Block, Joann
       title: Accessible Libraries on Campus: A Practical Guide for the Creation of Disability-Friendly Libraries. Ed. Tom McNulty. Chicago: ALA, 1999. 191p. $30, alk. paper (ISBN 0-8389-8035-X). LC 99-34534.
        date: 2000-05-01
       words: 1306
      flesch: 61
     summary: Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 should have been a wake-up call for academic libraries to attend to the needs of students and faculty with disabilities. Still, the accessibility levels in academic libraries around the country vary considerably.
    keywords: book; libraries; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15370.pdf
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        item: #3504 of 5668
          id: crl-15371
      author: Winter, Michael F.
       title: Krummel, D.W. Fiat Lux, Fiat Latebra: A Celebration of Historical Library Functions. Urbana, Ill.: Graduate School of Library and Information Science, Univ. of Illinois (Occasional Papers No. 209), 1999. 27p. $8 (ISSN 0276 1769).
        date: 2000-05-01
       words: 1383
      flesch: 63
     summary: Although much library history consists of journeyman spadework that only an aficionado could really love, D.W. Krummel has come on the scene to look over the entire valley, indicate the gen­ eral pattern of succession among the spe­ cies, pause occasionally to describe curi­ osities, and encourage the visitor to ex­ plore on her or his own. The chief virtue of this engaging and in­ formative overview of library history is brevity; if the old adage is right, this es­ say contains much wit and perhaps some useful wisdom.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library
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        item: #3505 of 5668
          id: crl-15372
      author: Alexander, Jean M.
       title: Librarians as Learners, Librarians as Teachers: The Diffusion of Internet Expertise in the Academic Library. Ed. Patricia O’Brien Libutti. Chicago: ALA, 1999. 296p. $27 (ISBN 0-8389-8003-1). LC 9913042.
        date: 2000-05-01
       words: 2000
      flesch: 59
     summary: But how did their predeces­ sors, long before electric power and pho­ tography became practical realities, make record copies of data except by laboriously, and sometimes inaccurately, hand-copying everything? Anne Woodsworth states in her foreword that “No matter what work arena graduates wish to enter, the core curricula they take will have to incorporate areas such as in­ troduction to information science, infor­ mation storage and retrieval, database searching, metadata management, knowl­ edge management, information process­ ing, human–computer interaction, elec­ tronic records management, indexing, and information systems management, to name a few.”
    keywords: internet; learning; librarians; watt
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        item: #3506 of 5668
          id: crl-15373
      author: Veaner, Allen B.
       title: Rhodes, Barbara, and William Wells Streeter. Before Photocopying: The Art & History of Mechanical Copying, 1780–1938. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Pr., 1999. 494p. $95 (ISBN 1-884718-61-2). LC 98-8045.
        date: 2000-05-01
       words: 1903
      flesch: 56
     summary: But Watt’s process relied on inks capable of producing several ad­ ditional copies onto special paper from an original, handwritten document. How did they efficiently copy their letters and papers?
    keywords: book; copying; paper; press
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        item: #3507 of 5668
          id: crl-15374
      author: Garrett, Jeffrey
       title: Rota, Anthony. Apart from the Text. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Pr., 1998. 234p. $35 (ISBN 1-884718-52-3). LC 99-177769.
        date: 2000-05-01
       words: 1997
      flesch: 53
     summary: All of this discourse, from opposite ends of the cultural spectrum, amounts to a late vindication for the “materialists” of book culture, those book historians and artifactualists who have raised a moun­ tain of scholarship to explain how and why books have become precisely what they are today, and to provide students of the book and of book history with the means to describe exactly what they en­ counter when a book is carefully, “ana­ lytically” examined. In the wake of Derridan deconstructionism and especially Gérard Genette’s discov­ ery of “paratexts” (e.g. titles, dust-jacket blurbs, etc.), humanists, too, are seizing with new vigor upon the physicality of books, their various nontextual qualities that serve as coconstituents of meaning in “the complex mediation between book, author, publisher, and reader.”
    keywords: book; new; rota; tion
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        item: #3508 of 5668
          id: crl-15375
      author: McKinzie, Steve
       title: Stover, Mark. Leading the Wired Organization: The Information Professional’s Guide to Managing Technological Change. New York: Neal-Shuman, 1999. 362p. $49.95, paper (ISBN: 1-55570-357-7). LC 9928011.
        date: 2000-05-01
       words: 972
      flesch: 55
     summary: In attempting to provide the informa­ tion professional with perspectives on the plethora of issues facing technology and library services, the author naturally cov­ ers a lot of territory—ground that at times can be controversial. Stover recently served as director of information technology at Phillips Gradu­ ate Institute in Encion, California.
    keywords: book; stover
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        item: #3509 of 5668
          id: crl-15377
      author: Ferguson, Chris
       title: ‘Shaking the Conceptual Foundations,’ Too: Integrating Research and Technology Support for the Next Generation of Information Service
        date: 2000-07-01
       words: 6556
      flesch: 40
     summary: Rather than add more layers of experimental services that deplete resources and increase com­ plexity, information service should be reconceived to include new partners in support of the use of technology while undertaking substantially new approaches to on-site and network-based information service. The next generation of academic refer­ ence service must, in fact, broaden and deepen its presence in the network by re­ conceiving the parameters and nature of information service.
    keywords: electronic; information; information service; libraries; library; new; reference; resources; service; support; users
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15377.pdf
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        item: #3510 of 5668
          id: crl-15378
      author: Lewis, Janice S.
       title: An Assessment of Publisher Quality by Political Science Librarians
        date: 2000-07-01
       words: 5382
      flesch: 50
     summary: In the Metz and Stemmer study, Norton and Random House were included in a cluster of pub­ lishers that targeted the “upper-brow” lay reader, so characterized because they 322 College & Research Libraries July 2000 TABLE 5 Comparison of Publishers' Rankings in LPSS and Metz & Stemmer Studies LPSS Study Metz & Stemmer Study Oxford University Press Harvard University Press Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press Harvard University Press Oxford University Press Stanford University Press Stanford University Press Westview Press Blackwell Publishers Routledge Routledge State University of New York Press W.W. Norton and Company Blackwell Publishers Basic Books M.E. Sharpe, This group included Greenwood, M. E. Sharpe, University Press of America, and Westview.
    keywords: political; press; presses; publishers; quality; science; university
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        item: #3511 of 5668
          id: crl-15379
      author: Metz, Paul; Cosgriff, John
       title: Building a Comprehensive Serials Decision Database at Virginia Tech
        date: 2000-07-01
       words: 5166
      flesch: 56
     summary: Virginia Tech’s efforts were not the first to bring together multiple data elements bearing on serial titles, but they were the most ambitious to date. Journal Ci­ tation Reports and data on the citing and publishing practices of Penn State faculty in the life sciences to determine a core list of serials in molecular and cellular biol­ ogy.1 Virginia Tech’s efforts were not the first to bring together multiple data elements bearing on serial titles, but they were the most ambitious to date.
    keywords: data; faculty; libraries; serials; tech; titles; virginia
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        item: #3512 of 5668
          id: crl-15380
      author: Beile, Penny M.; Adams, Megan M.
       title: Other Duties as As igned: Emergin Trends in the Academic Library Job Market
        date: 2000-07-01
       words: 6270
      flesch: 45
     summary: This is similar to 1988 data of when 30.7 per­ cent of public services positions and 12.4 percent of technical services positions re­ quired or requested an advanced degree.29 Minimum Salary Studies of liararian salaries traditionally used either minimum stated salaries or the midpoint of a stated range. Technical services positions re­ quired or preferred foreign­language skills 30.7 percent of the time.
    keywords: academic; job; library; percent; positions; public; services; technical
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        item: #3513 of 5668
          id: crl-15381
      author: Faiks, Angi; Hyland, Nancy
       title: Gaining User Insight: A Case Study Illustrating the Card Sort Technique
        date: 2000-07-01
       words: 4549
      flesch: 63
     summary: This type of user study happens out­ side the actual system and thus is stripped from true context. Using this scoring method, card piles from a single subject were examined and the scores were entered into the spread­ sheet.
    keywords: cards; committee; help; study; system; user
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        item: #3514 of 5668
          id: crl-15382
      author: Germain, Carol Anne
       title: URLs: Uniform Resource Locators or Unreliable Resource Locators
        date: 2000-07-01
       words: 3677
      flesch: 60
     summary: Results of this longitudinal study found an increasing decline in the availability of URL citations. URL citations that had moved to a new URL and contained the same title/author were appraised as persistent.
    keywords: citations; information; internet; url; urls; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15382.pdf
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        item: #3515 of 5668
          id: crl-15383
      author: Beagle, Donald
       title: Web-based Learning Environments: Do Libraries Matter?
        date: 2000-07-01
       words: 7906
      flesch: 43
     summary: University evaluation committees may come to the table assum­ ing that issues of library resource access or integration would not be revealing as comparative or evaluative criteria. Some of the evalua­ tions were articles or presentation papers by individual reviewers, some were com­ mittee or task force reports, some were raw spreadsheets or checklists correlat­ ing criteria and vendors, and a few were combinations of the above.23–26 Only three of the thirty-two evaluations made any mention whatsoever of access to or inte­ gration of library resources as criteria for selection.27, 28 For at least the initial wave of ALN implementation, this would seem to suggest that the reductionist viewpoint has prevailed and that to a certain extent libraries have been marginalized.
    keywords: distance; education; feb; http; journal; learning; libraries; library; online; services; students; web
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        item: #3516 of 5668
          id: crl-15384
      author: Williams, James
       title: Bowker, Geoffrey C., and Susan Leigh Star. Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences. Cambridge, Mass. and London, Eng.: MIT Pr., 1999. 377p. $29.95, alk. paper (ISBN 0-262-02461 6). LC 99-26894.
        date: 2000-07-01
       words: 1244
      flesch: 61
     summary: Some mes­ sages may be deleted unopened, others are read and given a quick response or perhaps no response, and still others are read but given no immediate reply be­ cause an answer requires thought and/ or information finding. Professor Tsichritzis ob­ serves that: First, book libraries will gradually be replaced by all-encompassing digital libraries available on the net­ works.
    keywords: chapter; classification; university
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        item: #3517 of 5668
          id: crl-15386
      author: Duncan, Emma
       title: Collins, Boyd, et al. Building a Scholarly Communications Center: Modeling the Rutgers Experience. Chicago: ALA (Frontiers of Access to Library Materials, no. 5), 1999. 161p. $48, alk. paper (ISBN 0-8389-0765-2). LC 99-29859.
        date: 2000-07-01
       words: 1275
      flesch: 50
     summary: Given the abundance of such one-of-a-kind re­ sources in academic libraries, there is great potential for more projects like this one. The volume’s authors, librarians at Rutgers University, set out to share their experiences in planning and devel­ oping Rutgers’s Scholarly Communica­ tions Center (SCC) as a “gateway to new models of scholarly communication and the new roles of libraries.”
    keywords: book; library; university
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        item: #3518 of 5668
          id: crl-15387
      author: Rolland, Paul
       title: The Evolving Virtual Library II: Practical and Philosophical Perspectives. Ed. Laverna M. Saunders. Medford, N.J.: Information Today, 1999. 198p. $39.50 (ISBN 157387-070-6). LC 95-39544.
        date: 2000-07-01
       words: 1286
      flesch: 54
     summary: Given the abundance of such one-of-a-kind re­ sources in academic libraries, there is great potential for more projects like this one. Many in the library community resent the windfalls enjoyed by privately held companies in these in­ dustries and are anxious for library-based initiatives that will reduce commercial profiteering and strengthen, rather than marginalize, traditional libraries.
    keywords: book; electronic; library
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        item: #3519 of 5668
          id: crl-15388
      author: Presgraves, Jim
       title: The Human Face of the Book Trade: Print Culture and Its Creators. Ed. Peter Isaac and Barry McKay, from the Proceedings of the Sixteenth Seminar on the British Book Trade, Edinburgh, June 1998. Winchester, Eng.: St. Paul Bibliographies; New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Pr., 1999. 228p. $39.95 (ISBN 1-58456-003-7). LC 99-30585.
        date: 2000-07-01
       words: 1242
      flesch: 58
     summary: Professor Index to advertisers AIAA cover 3, 295, 299, 335 Annual Review 312 BIOSIS 291 CHOICE 357 CHOICE 323 EBSCO cover 4 Faxon/Rowecom cover 2 Greenwood Publishing 360 H.W. Wilson 311 Library Technologies 292 OCLC 348 Swets/Blackwell 358 Williams intends to reveal all concerning print culture in colonial America: what was printed, how it was received, and what its impact was. Peter Isaac and Barry McKay, from the Proceed­ ings of the Sixteenth Seminar on the British Book Trade, Edinburgh, June 1998.
    keywords: book; electronic; trade
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        item: #3520 of 5668
          id: crl-15389
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Williams, Julie Hedgepeth. The Significance of the Printed Word in Early America: Colonists’ Thoughts on the Role of the Press. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Pr. (Contributions to the Study of Mass Media and Communications, no. 55), 1999. 298p. alk. paper (ISBN: 0-313-30923X). LC 98-41689.
        date: 2000-07-01
       words: 988
      flesch: 65
     summary: From her journey through archives and libraries from New England to the Carolinas, she has turned up an interesting and occasionally pro­ vocative series of episodes and anecdotes concerning print culture in early America. The principal problem with the book is its apparent lack of familiarity with the formidable body of secondary literature on the book in early America that could have given Williams’s doctoral disserta­ tion perspective, context, and an argu­ ment.
    keywords: america; book
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        item: #3521 of 5668
          id: crl-15390
      author: LITTRELL, LAUREL
       title: Bibliographic Instruction: Not Just for Students?
        date: 2000-09-01
       words: 2037
      flesch: 49
     summary: I recently had the opportunity to facili­ tate a group of students, teaching faculty, and library faculty discussing the role of computers in the Kansas State University library. If a university en­ acts a policy for student laptops, by the time this policy is phased in the library computers will need replacement any­ way.
    keywords: faculty; false; students; true
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        item: #3522 of 5668
          id: crl-15393
      author: Wiberley, Stephen E.; Jones, William G.
       title: Time and Technology: A Decade-Long Look at Humanists’ Use of Electronic Information Technology
        date: 2000-09-01
       words: 7468
      flesch: 55
     summary: Both these schol­ ars, then, structured their lives so that they were fresh and focused and used de­ velopments in their careers to maximize their productivity during use time. The desire to make the most of use time has made word processing the most heavily and widely used electronic infor­ mation technology.
    keywords: electronic; humanists; information; mail; research; scholars; sources; technology; time; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15393.pdf
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        item: #3523 of 5668
          id: crl-15394
      author: Mozenter, Frada; Sanders, Bridgette T.; Welch, Jeanie M.
       title: Restructuring a Liaison Program in an Academic Library
        date: 2000-09-01
       words: 4720
      flesch: 39
     summary: Liaison programs provide commu­ nication to teaching faculty about new li­ brary services and strengthen the role of the librarian in facilitating access to the wide range of resources that are available. The book review sections of Psy­ chology of Women Quarterly, Women’s Studies, Signs, Journal of Women’s His­ tory, and Gender and Society also are con­ sulted.7 The Restructured Library Liaison Program In 1998, a working group consisting of the head of technical services, the head of collection development, the coordinator of reference services, and the head of re­ search data services was charged by the library director with developing recom­ mendations for strengthening the role of library liaisons.
    keywords: collection; faculty; liaison; library; new; program; reference; services
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15394.pdf
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        item: #3524 of 5668
          id: crl-15395
      author: Hackenberg, Jill M.
       title: Who Chooses Sci-Tech Librarianship?
        date: 2000-09-01
       words: 5470
      flesch: 61
     summary: Having the sci-tech background also opened some doors for my first jobs since, apparently, hard science backgrounds are rare in libraries.” A 1985 survey of science librarians found that although only 32 percent had degrees in sci-tech areas, 51 percent had some colle­ giate science training.6 When hiring for sci-tech library posi­ tions, studies show that organizations feel that “it is probably wiser to hire an appli­ cant with the desired science academic background than one without this quali­ fication.”7
    keywords: background; job; librarians; library; sci; science; tech
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15395.pdf
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        item: #3525 of 5668
          id: crl-15396
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 1999/2000
        date: 2000-09-01
       words: 7702
      flesch: 62
     summary: There were enough responses and new entries to merit publication of a new edition (New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000. 755p. A typical en­ try includes a brief biography, a discussion of the subject’s philosophical works, and a bibliography of philosophical writings by the subject, other works by the subject, and published secondary sources.
    keywords: american; art; articles; dictionary; entries; guide; history; isbn; lccn; new; reference; volume; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15396.pdf
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        item: #3526 of 5668
          id: crl-15397
      author: Kreszock, Martha H.
       title: Belanger, France, and Dianne H. Jordan. Evaluation and Implementation of Distance Learning: Technologies, Tools and Techniques. Hershey, Pa.: Idea Group Pub., 2000. 246p. $69.95 (ISBN 1-878289-63-2). LC 99-47580.
        date: 2000-09-01
       words: 1186
      flesch: 52
     summary: Transition is a key concept in their ap­ proach and may serve to ease the anxi­ eties of those educators who wonder where distance learning fits in with what they already do, how it impacts them, and how (or whether) to get started. In addition to useful ideas for course design and media selection, the book alerts read­ ers to important questions to ask about an organization’s capacity for, and level of commitment to, distance learning.
    keywords: distance; education; learning
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        item: #3527 of 5668
          id: crl-15399
      author: Yu, Xiaochang
       title: Books, Bytes and Bridges: Libraries and Computer Centers in Academic Institutions. Ed. Larry Hardesty. Chicago and London: ALA, 2000. 220p. $48, alk. paper (ISBN: 0-8389-0771-7). LC 99-040064.
        date: 2000-09-01
       words: 1333
      flesch: 55
     summary: About one-third of the contributors come predominantly from computing center work, and the rest have experiences pri­ marily in library services. One of the main arguments for merging com­ puting services and library services is to get rid of redundancy.
    keywords: computing; library; services
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        item: #3528 of 5668
          id: crl-15400
      author: Greene, Harlan
       title: Disaster and After: The Practicalities of Information Service in Times of War and Other Catastrophes. Ed. Paul Sturges and Diana Rosenberg. London: Taylor Graham Publishing, 1999. 174p. $46 (ISBN: 0-947568-77-8).
        date: 2000-09-01
       words: 2006
      flesch: 56
     summary: Vladimir S. Lazarev writes on how solu­ tions were found in Belarus to remedy the lack of available information to deal with literal fallout from Chernobyl; and Resoum Kidane discusses information services during the war in Eritrea, reiterating a theme that unfortunately sounds again and again in the following essays. Diana Sayej-Naser vents her rage on the effects Israeli occu­ pation has had on information services, education, etc., in the Palestinian territo­ ries; and Sava Peic and Aisa Telalovic, in spare prose, describe the incredible turmoil and loss of human life and cultural trea­ sures in the debacle of Saravejo.
    keywords: book; distance; information; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15400.pdf
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        item: #3529 of 5668
          id: crl-15402
      author: Smith, J. Christina
       title: Mates, Barbara T., with contributions by Doug Wakefield and Judith Dixon. Adaptive Technology for the Internet: Making Electronic Resources Accessible to All. Chicago: ALA, 2000. 192p. $36 (ISBN 0-8389-0752-0). LC 98-31936.
        date: 2000-09-01
       words: 1255
      flesch: 52
     summary: Tom McNulty; re­ viewed in C&RL 61:3), published in 1999 by ACRL, covers similar ground in terms of adaptive technology, Web access, and staff training, within the wider context of providing physical access to libraries and library services to the disabled. Within the library field, information on issues pertaining to library service and use in distance learning can be obtained through the Journal of Library Services for Distance Education (http://www.westga.edu/~li­ brary/jlsde/), as well as the January 2000 issue of the Journal of Academic Librarianship.
    keywords: adaptive; library; technology
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        item: #3530 of 5668
          id: crl-15403
      author: POOLE, CAROLYN E.
       title: Importance of Research and Publication by Community College Librarians
        date: 2000-11-01
       words: 2415
      flesch: 36
     summary: Sources of Support To underwrite their research proposals, community college librarians need to be more aggressive in exploiting funding sources already established for such pur­ poses. Community college librarians are favorably positioned to gather, analyze, and interpret data on these and other trends.
    keywords: college; community; false; librarians; research; true
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        item: #3531 of 5668
          id: crl-15404
      author: Feldman, Devin; Sciammarella, Susan
       title: Both Sides of the Looking Glass: Librarian and Teaching Faculty Perceptions of Librarianship at Six Community Colleges
        date: 2000-11-01
       words: 3961
      flesch: 54
     summary: He felt that bibliographic instruction would be most successful if teaching faculty would take a more ac­ tive role. This is important to note because even an assignment to locate books or an article on a particular topic can be an ef­ fective beginning to student library use, particularly for a course where a research paper is not being done.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; library; percent; teaching
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        item: #3532 of 5668
          id: crl-15406
      author: Julien, Heidi
       title: Information Literacy Instruction in Canadian Academic Libraries: Longitudinal Trends and International Comparisons
        date: 2000-11-01
       words: 8684
      flesch: 50
     summary: Students now “see the relevance of library instruction.” One respon­ dent noted that “library instruction would be improved by greater integra­ tion with classroom work
    keywords: instruction; libraries; library; percent; respondents; � information
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15406.pdf
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        item: #3533 of 5668
          id: crl-15409
      author: Norlin, Elaina
       title: Reference Evaluation: A Three-Step Approach—Surveys, Unobtrusive Observations, and Focus Groups
        date: 2000-11-01
       words: 3951
      flesch: 59
     summary: The team anticipates that when the information commons is completed in two years, reference desk service will change completely as more and more computer technology options are pro­ vided at the library. Because they are not all librarians, these groups of people are referred to as reference service providers.
    keywords: desk; reference; service; students; team
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        item: #3534 of 5668
          id: crl-15410
      author: Oliva, Victor T.
       title: Bringing Federal Documents to the Forefront for Library Users: Selective Cataloging Using an OPAC
        date: 2000-11-01
       words: 6181
      flesch: 53
     summary: This article reviews the value of federal depository document titles, of­ ten underutilized as sources of research, and discusses reasons why many of them are worth cataloging. For popular research topics, even if the OPAC already had a large number of cataloged titles, adding depository titles could broaden the selection of avail­ able research titles in that area.
    keywords: cataloging; depository; documents; federal; library; reference; titles
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15410.pdf
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        item: #3535 of 5668
          id: crl-15411
      author: Stilling, Glenn Ellen Starr
       title: “All That Glitters:” Prospecting for Information in the Changing Library World. Eds. Steven Vincent and Sue K. Norman. Stamford, Conn.: JAI Pr. (Foundations of Library and Information Science, v. 44), 1999. 186p. $82.50 (ISBN 0-7623-0602-5). LC 99-047314.
        date: 2000-11-01
       words: 1269
      flesch: 59
     summary: One transcript/ essay would have been enough to serve as a model of the tone, examples, and analogies that could be used in an instruc­ tion session on evaluating Web sources. Another lapse is the editors’ description of the book’s final section as “exercises used by librarians in teaching Web evaluation in various settings.”
    keywords: library; students; web
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        item: #3536 of 5668
          id: crl-15412
      author: Hamilton, Ann
       title: The Digital Library: Challenges and Solutions for the New Millennium; Proceedings of an International Conference Held in Bologna, Italy, June 1999. Eds. Pauline Connolly and Denis Reidy. Wetherby, Eng.: IFLA, 1999. 201p. £20 (ISBN 0953243974).
        date: 2000-11-01
       words: 1287
      flesch: 48
     summary: Con­ ference presenters were reasonably bal­ anced between creators and disseminators of electronic information. Several duplicate discussion of how the publishing process and library selection practices ensure that library users find high-quality information sources, whereas the Web generally leaves judgments of quality entirely to the user.
    keywords: digital; electronic; library
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        item: #3537 of 5668
          id: crl-15413
      author: Quintana, Isabel del Carmen
       title: The Future of Cataloging: Insights from the Lubetzky Symposium. Eds. Tschera Harkness Connell and Robert L. Maxwell. Chicago: ALA, 2000. 184p. $65 paper (ISBN 0-8389-0778-4). LC 99-87247.
        date: 2000-11-01
       words: 1896
      flesch: 58
     summary: Extent and nature of circulation (Average figures denote the average number of copies printed each issue during the preceding twelve months; actual figures denote actual number of copies of single issue published nearest filing date: September 2000 issue.) Con­ ference presenters were reasonably bal­ anced between creators and disseminators of electronic information.
    keywords: book; cataloging; electronic; library
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        item: #3538 of 5668
          id: crl-15414
      author: Tallent, Ed
       title: Hannah, Stan A., and Michael H. Harris. Inventing the Future: Information Services for a New Millennium. Stamford, Conn.: Ablex, 1999. 170p. $54.50 cloth (ISBN 1-56750-450-7); $24.95 paper (ISBN 1-56750-451-5). LC99-28306.
        date: 2000-11-01
       words: 1311
      flesch: 64
     summary: Knowing organizations know there is only one way to get something done, but this is not the case with the learning organization. It suc­ ceeds in being thought provoking and provides an easy segue into the chapters that discuss how we can find our way into the future. Libraries’ future, the authors argue, is dependent on them becoming learning organizations, not knowing organiza­ tions.
    keywords: book; future
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        item: #3539 of 5668
          id: crl-15415
      author: Conaway, Charles Wm.
       title: Perspectives on Plagiarism and Intellectual Property in a Postmodern World. Eds. Lise Buranen and Alice M. Roy, Foreword by Andrea Lunsford. Albany, N.Y.: State Univ. of New York Pr., 1999. 302p. $71.50 cloth (ISBN 0791440996); $23.95 paper (ISBN 079144080X). LC 99-11407.
        date: 2000-11-01
       words: 977
      flesch: 55
     summary: Knowing organizations know there is only one way to get something done, but this is not the case with the learning organization. It would appear that plagiarism is cur­ rently something of a growth industry; as access to electronic databases, convention-flaunting ‘zines on the Web, and academic writing centers have been added to older opportunities such as “term paper mills,” fraternity houses’ caches of previously submitted papers, and “research assistance” providers.
    keywords: book; learning
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        item: #3540 of 5668
          id: crl-15416
      author: WINSTON, MARK D.
       title: Diversity: More Than Just a Blip
        date: 2001-01-01
       words: 2386
      flesch: 44
     summary: However, a look at the private sector shows that in the year 2000, despite the above-mentioned factors standing in op­ position to diversity efforts, important trends indicate “that diversity is more than just a passing blip on America’s corporate conscience.”5 The rationale for organizational efforts related to diversity efforts often is based on the important consideration of serv­ ing the increasingly diverse population, as well as past inequities and current un­ fairness.
    keywords: diversity; false; minority; number; true
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        item: #3541 of 5668
          id: crl-15417
      author: Grimes, Deborah J.; Boening, Carl H.
       title: Worries with the Web: A Look at Student Use of Web Resources
        date: 2001-01-01
       words: 6955
      flesch: 59
     summary: Interviews with Students All of the students who cited Web sources agreed to participate in the interviews. Publisher, Source, Host: Web sources in­ cluded official Web sites for professional athletic associations, speakers’ bureaus, national organizations, press sites, per­ sonal home pages, fans’ pages, and, in one case, a junior high school class project.
    keywords: information; internet; research; resources; students; use; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15417.pdf
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        item: #3542 of 5668
          id: crl-15419
      author: Bauer, Kathleen
       title: Indexes as Tools for Measuring Usage of Print and Electronic Resources
        date: 2001-01-01
       words: 3839
      flesch: 62
     summary: Second, even assuming that the selection of resources for inclusion in the indexes introduced error, the nature of the one-year increase in electronic resource usage is so large (137.2% increase) that even a signifi­ cant reduction would not erase the obvi­ ous advantage of electronic over print. The rapid growth in electronic usage gives a clear indication that patrons at the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library are eager to use textbooks and journals in electronic formats.
    keywords: data; electronic; index; print; usage
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        item: #3543 of 5668
          id: crl-15420
      author: Townley, Charles T.
       title: Knowledge Management and Academic Libraries
        date: 2001-01-01
       words: 7199
      flesch: 45
     summary: This section addresses how organizational knowledge can be created and used in internal academic library operations. It also enables libraries to gen­ erate organizational knowledge for higher education institutions.9 Organizational knowledge can be di­ vided into two groups, depending on its centrality to the organization and its ac­ ceptability to workers.
    keywords: academic; information; knowledge; knowledge management; knowl­; libraries; library; management; organizational; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15420.pdf
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        item: #3544 of 5668
          id: crl-15421
      author: De Stefano, Paula
       title: Selection for Digital Conversion in Academic Libraries
        date: 2001-01-01
       words: 7162
      flesch: 46
     summary: 42 Having re­ viewed an array of possible selection cri­ teria and approaches deployed in the http:microfilming.42 http:assignments.41 http:technology.40 http:libraries.39 Selection for Digital Conversion in Academic Libraries 67 past to develop book collections and pre­ serve brittle books in academic libraries vis-à-vis digital conversion, it is surpris­ ing to discover what is actually driving the endeavor to create digital collections in academic libraries today. This article examines previous meth­ ods of selection and collection building, and applies those supporting principles to today’s collection-building efforts for digital collections.
    keywords: academic; collections; conversion; digital; libraries; library; materials; preservation; research; selection; use
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        item: #3545 of 5668
          id: crl-15425
      author: Finnegan, Gregory A.
       title: Hakken, David. Cyborgs@Cyberspace?: An Ethnographer Looks to the Future. New York and London: Routledge, 1999. 264p. $60, alk. paper, cloth (ISBN 0-415-91558-9); $18.95, paper (ISBN 0-415-91559-7). LC 98-38185.
        date: 2001-01-01
       words: 1326
      flesch: 59
     summary: Hakken’s view of social theory em­ phasizes individual actors rather than structures, which leads him to use (mostly as abbreviations) many unfamiliar terms: TAN (Technology Actor Network), ANT (Actor Network Theory) and ANTers who practice it, not to mention RANT (Realist ANT) and TANT (Technocist ANT.) According to John Max­ well Hamilton, “the best way to study books, reading, and people is not to take them too seriously.”
    keywords: book; hakken; value
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15425.pdf
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        item: #3546 of 5668
          id: crl-15426
      author: Alexander, Jean M.
       title: Hamilton, John Maxwell. Casanova Was a Book Lover and Other Naked Truths and Provocative Curiosities about the Writing, Selling, and Reading of Books. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Pr., 2000. 351p. $24.95, alk. paper (ISBN 0-8071-2554-7). LC 99-059582.
        date: 2001-01-01
       words: 1318
      flesch: 62
     summary: Among the topics explored are author­ ship as a profession, the economics of book publishing, book reviewing, book market­ ing and sales, literary celebrity, American presidents as authors, stolen books, book dedications, etiquette, self-publishing, ed­ iting, and the universal library. According to John Max­ well Hamilton, “the best way to study books, reading, and people is not to take them too seriously.”
    keywords: book; hamilton; john
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        item: #3547 of 5668
          id: crl-15427
      author: Harger, Elaine
       title: Lessig, Lawrence. Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace. New York: Basic Bks., 1999. 297p. $30, cloth (ISBN 046503912X); $14, paper (ISBN 0465039138). LC 00‐271772.
        date: 2001-01-01
       words: 2568
      flesch: 56
     summary: Well written, deftly ar­ gued, creative, and largely persuasive, Lessig’s book examines developments in cyberspace as they pertain to certain val­ ues enshrined in our legal system, includ­ ing intellectual freedom, privacy, sover­ eignty, and intellectual property rights. Its only weakness lies in the author’s failure to examine the mystique of cyberspace and to acknowledge the central role played by government in the commercial­ ization of the Internet.
    keywords: book; code; cyberspace; lessig; way
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15427.pdf
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        item: #3548 of 5668
          id: crl-15428
      author: Shiflett, Lee
       title: Postbaccalaureate Futures: New Markets, Resources, Credentials. Eds. Kay J. Kohl and Jules B. LaPidus. Phoenix, Ariz.: Oryx Pr. and The American Council on Education, 2000. 276p. $41.50, alk. paper (ISBN 1-57356-360-9). LC 00-021939.
        date: 2001-01-01
       words: 2651
      flesch: 46
     summary: In some­ thing of a perverted Wisconsin Plan, the authors of these papers move further in the direction of “corporate specific” with the argument that the eroding support of public higher education, coupled with the willingness of corporations to pay well for education and training directed to­ ward their own concerns, represents a sig­ nificant opportunity for public universi­ ties to realize a social mandate and to en­ sure financial security. Financing, espe­ cially, seems to be a point on which the contributors agree—it is the major growth sector in higher education and a potential source of wealth for institutions capable of directing their efforts to take advantage of an evolving market.
    keywords: academic; education; higher; new; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15428.pdf
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        item: #3549 of 5668
          id: crl-15429
      author: Garrett, Jeffrey
       title: Social Dimensions of Information Technology: Issues for the New Millennium. Ed. G. David Garson. Hershey, Penn.: Idea Group, 2000. 362p., $79.95 paper (ISBN 1-878-28986-1). LC 99-88003.
        date: 2001-01-01
       words: 1587
      flesch: 51
     summary: [sic] books and other materials into machine-readable form and make them available on their [sic] WWW site for rea­ sons of money, time, and above all, copy­ right.” Among the more inter­ esting articles in this collection are those Index to advertisers ACRL 112 Academic Press 9, 106 AIAA 5, 70 ATLA 10 CHOICE 69, 102 EBSCO cover 3 Elsevier Science 17, 19, 21, 103 Greenwood Publishing 43 Huntington Library Press 55 ISI cover 4 Library Technologies 2 netLibrary cover 2 OCLC 35 Salem Press 86 Science Direct 56, 57 Theatre Research Data Group 24 by Mark A. Shields on computer-based instruction (“Technological Change, Vir­ tual Learning, and Higher Education”) and John P. Robinson, Meyer Kestnbaum, and Andrew Kohut on the extent to which PC use has displaced other leisure activi­ ties (“Personal Computers, Mass Media, and Other Uses of Free Time”).
    keywords: collection; information; new; social
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        item: #3550 of 5668
          id: crl-15431
      author: Hernon, Peter; Powell, Ronald R.; Young, Arthur P.
       title: University Library Directors in the Association of Research Libraries: The Next Generation, Part One
        date: 2001-03-01
       words: 16626
      flesch: 43
     summary: Regard­ ing the 1998 survey, four directors did not have a degree in LIS: one had a master 's degree and three had a Ph.D. Review of the Literature Rerrence f. hech, in a stedy of 354 aca­ demic library directors, foend that they tend to be more involved with internal, rather than external, managerial roles.9 Michael ann Moskowitz, in a study con­ ducted in the 1s8os, reached a similar finding, but both investigators found some differences by type of institution.lO Each speculated about why these differ­ ences occurredY bech also discovered that library directors, like other academic managers, tend to be reactiveY Keith M. Cottam documented the shift in roles, functions, and activities from predomi­ nantly internal affairs to an increasing emphasis on external ones. Finally, library directors, it was noted by the senior management team (pretest interview, site A), have a skill set different from most deans.
    keywords: academic; arl; attributes; college; director; good; libraries; library; library directors; people; position; research; site; skills; staff; time; university; university library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15431.pdf
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        item: #3551 of 5668
          id: crl-15432
      author: Cook, Colleen; Heath, Fred; Thompson, Bruce
       title: Users’ Hierarchical Perspectives on Library Service Quality: A “LibQUAL+” Study
        date: 2001-03-01
       words: 3755
      flesch: 54
     summary: The LibQUAL+ diagnostic tool, a product of the ARL’s New Measures Initiative, shows that although a single factor dominates user thinking about library service quality, all of the items used in the survey suffuse this factor. The results mean that ongoing efforts to evaluate library service quality would do well to invoke both levels of characteriz­ ing service.
    keywords: factor; library; order; perceptions; quality; service; users
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15432.pdf
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        item: #3552 of 5668
          id: crl-15434
      author: Ren, Wen-Hua; Au, Ka-Neng
       title: Integrating Library Research and Service: The Case of Internet Training for Small Business Executives
        date: 2001-03-01
       words: 4104
      flesch: 49
     summary: Identifying the Government Information Needs of Small Businesses The increased use of the Internet by the government for publishing and dissemi­ nating government information presents challenges as well as opportunities for small businesses. Assuming they have access, what, if any, type of government information do they need?
    keywords: business; government; information; internet; research; small
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15434.pdf
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        item: #3553 of 5668
          id: crl-15435
      author: Gao, Zhuo-Xian; Zhang, Sha Li
       title: Position Restructuring at Peking University Library
        date: 2001-03-01
       words: 3136
      flesch: 50
     summary: At the Peking University Library, staff members were traditionally assigned to library positions by the university with little input from the library. zhang.p65 Position Restructuring at Peking University Library 173 Position Restructuring at Peking University Library Zhuo-Xian Gao Translated by Sha Li Zhang Peking University Library initiated position restructuring in response to the university’s requirements and to the increasing demands and ex­ pectations of users.
    keywords: library; position; staff; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15435.pdf
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        item: #3554 of 5668
          id: crl-15436
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 2000
        date: 2001-03-01
       words: 9793
      flesch: 61
     summary: Special atten­ tion was placed on including Web sites and electronic reference sources, and there is a separate index for Online and Selected Reference Books of 2000 193 Database Services. This is a very welcome addition to reference collections support­ ing the needs of the general public as well as those of academic users.—B.S.-A. Science and Technology Zierdt-Warshaw, Linda, Alan Winkler, and Leonard Bernstein.
    keywords: articles; encyclopedia; english; entries; guide; history; index; isbn; libraries; list; new; reference; volume; women; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15436.pdf
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        item: #3555 of 5668
          id: crl-15437
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Benton, Megan L. Beauty and the Book. Fine Editions and Cultural Distinction in America. New Haven & London: Yale Univ. Pr. (Henry McBride Series in Modernism and Modernity), 2000. 323p. $30, alk. paper (ISBN 0-300-08213-4). LC 99 38198.
        date: 2001-03-01
       words: 1319
      flesch: 69
     summary: According to the author, fine printing emerged as a national publishing phe­ nomenon after World War I. For producers of fine books, the marketplace was a necessary evil.
    keywords: book; fine; printing
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        item: #3556 of 5668
          id: crl-15438
      author: Henige, David
       title: Borgman, Christine L. From Gutenberg to the Global Information Infrastructure: Access to Information in the Networked World. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Pr., 2000. 324p. $42, alk. paper (ISBN 0-262-02473-x). LC 99-39906.
        date: 2001-03-01
       words: 2089
      flesch: 66
     summary: The apex of his ten­ ure was the designation of the Library of Congress, along with the Smithsonian Institution, as the official depositories for copyrighted works in 1846. Under legislation signed by Presi­ dent Ulysses S. Grant in 1870, the Library of Congress became the sole depository for copyrighted works, a role previously shared with the Smithsonian.
    keywords: book; borgman; congress; library
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        item: #3557 of 5668
          id: crl-15441
      author: Wilson, Patrick
       title: Svenonius, Elaine. The Intellectual Foundations of Information Organization. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Pr. (Digital Libraries and Electronic Publishing), 2000. 255p. $37, alk. paper (ISBN 0-262 19433-3). LC 99-41301.
        date: 2001-03-01
       words: 1357
      flesch: 46
     summary: The second half discusses the languages used for organization: work languages, docu­ ment languages, and subject languages. Work and document languages get a chapter each, subject languages get three chapters (vocabulary, semantics, syntax, but, strikingly, no pragmatics).
    keywords: languages; subject
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        item: #3558 of 5668
          id: crl-15442
      author: Winston, Mark
       title: Teaching the New Library to Today’s Users: Reaching International, Minority, Senior Citizens, Gay/Lesbian, First-Generation, At-Risk, Graduate and Returning Students, and Distance Learners. Eds. Trudi E. Jacobson and Helene C. Williams. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers (The New Library Series, no. 4), 2000. 256p. $49.95, alk. paper (ISBN 155570-379-8). LC 00-35117.
        date: 2001-03-01
       words: 857
      flesch: 51
     summary: In addition, librarians develop and administer information services and teach, instructing users with different educational and demographic back­ grounds, priorities, learning styles, and levels of comfort and facility with librar­ ies, information, technology, and the re­ search process. In Teaching the New Library to Today’s Users, the editors and authors provide a substantive contribution to the discussion of instruction in the context of library and information services.
    keywords: information; library
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        item: #3559 of 5668
          id: crl-15443
      author: RIGGS, DONALD E.
       title: Academic Library Leadership and the “Life of the Mind”
        date: 2001-05-01
       words: 1354
      flesch: 38
     summary: Justifiable Reasons and Excuses Lack of time is the most common reason given by academic library directors for not writing scholarly pieces. Regard­ less, the lack of time issue is real among academic library directors, who today spend an unprecedented amount of time on business-type issues that library direc­ tors formerly did not have to perform (e.g., fund-raising).
    keywords: false; library; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15443.pdf
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        item: #3560 of 5668
          id: crl-15444
      author: Crawford, Gregory A.; Harris, Matthew
       title: Best-Sellers in Academic Libraries
        date: 2001-05-01
       words: 4154
      flesch: 66
     summary: However, academic libraries generally do not col­ lect such material, and if they do, they often discard it when its circulation slows or when it stops mirroring the practices of public libraries. To determine ownership of these best- sellers by academic libraries, the union catalog of libraries that were members of the Associated College Libraries of Cen­ tral Pennsylvania (ACLCP) was searched for each individual title.
    keywords: academic; best; culture; libraries; library; sellers
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15444.pdf
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        item: #3561 of 5668
          id: crl-15445
      author: Dahl, Candice
       title: Electronic Pathfinders in Academic Libraries: An Analysis of Their Content and Form
        date: 2001-05-01
       words: 5891
      flesch: 55
     summary: Further, it demonstrated that specific guidelines must be created for electronic pathfinders because they pose particular problems that are not addressed in the current literature about pathfinders in general. For example, Mount Allison (ranked first in the prima­ rily undergraduate category) did not have electronic pathfinders referring to more than electronic resources, and so the schools ranking second, third, and fourth were included.
    keywords: electronic; english; history; library; pathfinders; resources
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15445.pdf
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        item: #3562 of 5668
          id: crl-15447
      author: Herring, Susan Davis
       title: Faculty Acceptance of the World Wide Web for Student Research
        date: 2001-05-01
       words: 4202
      flesch: 56
     summary: Some typical comments included: “I usually se­ lect a list of Web sites for student use. This study explores faculty attitudes toward the Web as a research tool for their students’ research; their use of the Web in classroom instruction; and their poli­ cies concerning Web use by students.
    keywords: faculty; research; sites; students; use; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15447.pdf
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        item: #3563 of 5668
          id: crl-15448
      author: Fountain, Kathleen Carlisle
       title: Perceptions of Acceptance: Evaluating World Wide Web Projects in Performance Reviews
        date: 2001-05-01
       words: 4616
      flesch: 47
     summary: Librarians and teaching faculty can improve acceptance of Web projects only when submitting external re­ views of their work to the evaluators. With these findings, the authors called the concern over acceptance a “non-issue” and credited it to the merit criteria of peer review, which is applicable in both print and electronic mediums.1 A subsequent survey of business faculty supported this conclusion.2 Unlike ar­ ticles in e-journals, Web projects are rarely peer reviewed, and the issue of accep­ tance remains very real.
    keywords: faculty; helpful; projects; review; re­; satisfied; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15448.pdf
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        item: #3564 of 5668
          id: crl-15450
      author: Veaner, Allen B.
       title: Arms, William Y. Digital Libraries. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Pr., 2000. 287p. $45, alk. paper (ISBN 0262011808). LC 99‐14773.
        date: 2001-05-01
       words: 1917
      flesch: 51
     summary: Arms correctly points out that many people who grew up with the Internet believe they have “discovered” online information systems and are com­ pletely unaware that the concepts form­ ing the basis of digital libraries were long ago researched and developed by the li­ brary community. Computer scientists, writes Arms, are the hares of digital libraries, whereas large libraries— and by extension, one can infer, their li­ brarians—are the tortoises.
    keywords: arms; digital; libraries; work
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        item: #3565 of 5668
          id: crl-15451
      author: Schneiter, Tom
       title: Authenticity in a Digital Environment. Washington, D.C.: Council on Library and Information Resources, 2000. 76pp. $20, alk. paper (ISBN 1-887334-77-7).
        date: 2001-05-01
       words: 1306
      flesch: 51
     summary: Lessons from a Historian’s Re­ search,” of the difficulty of affirming the provenance of paper objects, let alone that of digital objects. Finally, Jeff Rothenberg, a senior com­ puter scientist at the Rand Corporation, writes in his essay, “Preserving Authen­ tic Digital Information,” that a “uniform technological approach” is necessary for the true authentication of digital objects.
    keywords: digital; education; higher
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        item: #3566 of 5668
          id: crl-15452
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: Douglass, John Aubrey. The California Idea and American Higher Education, 1850 to the 1960 Master Plan. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Pr., 2000. 460p. $55, alk. paper (ISBN 0804731896). LC 99-45668.
        date: 2001-05-01
       words: 1285
      flesch: 53
     summary: The advent of globalization, the rise of multinational corporations, and the rapid development of digital networks that span continents challenge higher education systems ev­ erywhere. In its cur­ rent form, public higher education in Cali­ fornia is built on three systems: the Cali­ fornia Community Colleges (CC), the Cali­ fornia State University (CSU), and the University of California (UC).
    keywords: california; education; higher
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15452.pdf
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        item: #3567 of 5668
          id: crl-15454
      author: McCombs, Gillian M.
       title: Successes and Failures of Digital Libraries: 35th Annual Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, 1998. Eds. Su‐san Harum and Michael Twidale. Ur‐bana: Univ. of Illinois Graduate School of Library Information Science, 2000. 134p. $30 (ISBN 0-87845-107-2).
        date: 2001-05-01
       words: 1354
      flesch: 59
     summary: Other papers range from a discussion of the semantic issues inherent in digital libraries (Hsinchun Chen) to a retrospective on the Illinois Digital Library Project (Bruce Schwartz et al.). The theme for the 35th clinic in 1998 was digital librar­ ies, the successes and failures thereof, al­ though perhaps a better and certainly more descriptive title for this work would have been “digital library test bed projects funded by the four-year NSF/ARPA/ NASA Digital Library Initiative (DLI).”
    keywords: digital; library; willinsky
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        item: #3568 of 5668
          id: crl-15455
      author: Welburn, William C.
       title: Willinsky, John. If Only We Knew: Increasing the Public Value of Social Science Research. New York: Routledge, 2000. 252p. $85 cloth (ISBN 0-415-92651-3), $22.95 paper (ISBN 0-415-92652-1). LC 00-035275.
        date: 2001-05-01
       words: 1576
      flesch: 48
     summary: From the acknowledgments at the very beginning of his new book, John Willinsky’s view of public knowledge is evident. It is an obvious thesis at first glance, as Willinsky argues relentlessly, if not repetitively, for the im­ portance of public knowledge of research produced by social scientists.
    keywords: knowledge; public; willinsky
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        item: #3569 of 5668
          id: crl-15457
      author: Brewer, Julie; Winston, Mark D.
       title: Program Evaluation for Internship/Residency Programs in Academic and Research Libraries
        date: 2001-07-01
       words: 5246
      flesch: 42
     summary: A third of those with more than one-year post-MLS programs indicated that input from su­ pervisors in program evaluation was somewhat important. The importance of input from mentors in program evaluation appeared to reflect that mentors were more a part of the mi­ nority resident programs.
    keywords: evaluation; important; internship; library; programs; residency
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        item: #3570 of 5668
          id: crl-15458
      author: Michel, Stephanie
       title: What Do They Really Think? Assessing Student and Faculty Perspectives of a Web-based Tutorial to Library Research
        date: 2001-07-01
       words: 8680
      flesch: 54
     summary: Thus, the Web may foster critical thinking and of­ fer a more challenging and varied learn­ ing experience for the student.52 Disadvantages of CAI Although computer-assisted instruction techniques offer numerous advantages over other formats of library instruction, these methods are not infallible. Sixty-nine percent of these students agreed or strongly agreed that the guide was easy to use, compared to an overall score of 63.6 percent; 63.6 per­ cent of these students agreed or strongly agreed that it helped them find books and magazines, compared to 59.2 percent overall; and 54.5 percent preferred it to library instruction, compared to 50.4 per­ cent overall.
    keywords: cai; computer; guide; highlander; instruction; library; library instruction; percent; students; use
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        item: #3571 of 5668
          id: crl-15459
      author: Cottrell, Janet R.; Eisenberg, Michael B.
       title: Applying an Information Problem-solving Model to Academic Reference Work: Findings and Implications
        date: 2001-07-01
       words: 6078
      flesch: 53
     summary: As Eisenberg and Doug Johnson pointed out, students often use such tools dur­ ing synthesis; without the presence of the appropriate tools, the stage is unlikely to be observed.16 Librarians in wired academic librar­ ies will not be startled to hear that slightly under 20 percent of the questions revealed “system problems,” problems that were outside the scope of the IPS process (usually hardware problems, not information problems) but directly im­ peded it by preventing access to an in­ formation source or extraction of infor­ mation from a source. Traditionally, reference encounters have been considered in terms of the type of question or the type of patron involved.
    keywords: encounters; information; ips; model; problem; process; reference; stage
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        item: #3572 of 5668
          id: crl-15460
      author: Robbins, Kathryn; Daniels, Kathleen
       title: Benchmarking Reference Desk Service in Academic Health Science Libraries: A Preliminary Survey
        date: 2001-07-01
       words: 3372
      flesch: 52
     summary: Thomas W. Shaughnessy and Sa­ rah M. Pritchard have provided overviews of benchmarking in libraries.8, 9 Recently, several reports of benchmarking studies in academic libraries have been published that look at service measurements such as wait times and Web site usage.10–12 Suzanne H. Angel and Leslie G. Mackler described a benchmarking survey of hospital libraries that examined a range of library services, including reference performance.13 How­ ever, the libraries that Angel and Mackler studied did not use a standardized means of determining patron satisfaction, so it is unclear how comparable their results were. A 1998 pub­ lication by Peter Hernon and Ellen Altman provided thorough background information on assessing service quality in libraries using a variety of methods.1 Charles A. Bunge, as well as John C. Stalker and Marjorie E. Murfin, described the Wisconsin–Ohio Reference Evaluation Program, which compares librarians’ and patrons’ perceptions of the same reference transactions and points out the strengths and weaknesses of both sets of percep­ tions.2, 3 Jennifer Mendelsohn reported on a study designed to better understand what constitutes reference service qual­ ity by interviewing reference staff and patrons.4 Other researchers have relied solely on patron perceptions and opin­ ions, explaining that only the patrons know if they have been satisfied with a service.5, 6 Although measuring service quality in a single library can be accomplished with a variety of methods, self-assessment alone may not be very useful.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; reference; service
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        item: #3573 of 5668
          id: crl-15461
      author: McGillis, Louise; Toms, Elaine G.
       title: Usability of the Academic Library Web Site: Implications for Design
        date: 2001-07-01
       words: 7290
      flesch: 60
     summary: John D’Angelo and Sherry K. Little examined twenty Web sites to assess adherence to Web site de­ sign guidelines.11 All of these examinations of library Web sites have a developer or administrative focus and do not address the essential question: Can users accom­ plish tasks to meet their goals? The authors concluded that library Web sites fail to take into account how people approach the information problem and often reflect traditional library structures.
    keywords: library; page; participants; site; tasks; usability; user; web; web site
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        item: #3574 of 5668
          id: crl-15462
      author: Perkins, Gay Helen; Yuan, Haiwang
       title: A Comparison of Web-based and Paper-and-Pencil Library Satisfaction Survey Results
        date: 2001-07-01
       words: 4238
      flesch: 51
     summary: = A few times a year, 3 = Monthly, 4 = Weekly, 5 = Daily. based survey respon­ * For example, in 1997, John H. Krantz, Jody Ballard, and Jody Scher compared laboratory responses of psychology students to an experiment on the determinants of female attractiveness with Web responses.3 Web individuals re­ sponded to postings of the experiment on the Hanover College Psychology De­ partment home page or to the American Psychological Society’s online research Web site.
    keywords: paper; pencil; respondents; survey; web
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        item: #3575 of 5668
          id: crl-15463
      author: Myers, Norma
       title: Cox, Richard J. Closing an Era: Historical Perspectives on Modern Archives and Records Management. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Pr. (New Directions in Information Management, no. 35), 2000. 252p. $65, alk. paper (ISBN 0-313-31331-8). LC 99-089071.
        date: 2001-07-01
       words: 589
      flesch: 56
     summary: With this book, Cox has made a significant contribution to the body of publications focusing on the records profession; for archivists, librar­ ians, and records managers, Closing an Era is a book worth reading.—Norma Myers, East Tennessee State University. Richard Cox, in his book Closing an Era: Historical Per­ spectives on Modern Archives and Records Management, presents a compelling case for the profession through a historical recounting of the role of records in soci­ ety and the development of efforts to manage them.
    keywords: records
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        item: #3576 of 5668
          id: crl-15464
      author: Farber, Evan Ira
       title: Kaser, David. Just Lucky, I Guess: My Adventurous Life as a Hoosier Librarian. New York: Vantage Pr., 2000. 231p. $13.95, paper (ISBN: 0-533-13243-6). LC 99-94965.
        date: 2001-07-01
       words: 1998
      flesch: 65
     summary: With this book, Cox has made a significant contribution to the body of publications focusing on the records profession; for archivists, librar­ ians, and records managers, Closing an Era is a book worth reading.—Norma Myers, East Tennessee State University. Richard Cox, in his book Closing an Era: Historical Per­ spectives on Modern Archives and Records Management, presents a compelling case for the profession through a historical recounting of the role of records in soci­ ety and the development of efforts to manage them.
    keywords: book; libraries; records; years
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        item: #3577 of 5668
          id: crl-15466
      author: Moran, Barbara B.
       title: Rehman, Sajjad ur. Preparing the Information Professional: An Agenda for the Future. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Pr. (Contributions in Librarianship and Information Science, no. 93), 2000. 192p. $57.50, alk. paper (ISBN 0-313-30673-7). LC 99-462056.
        date: 2001-07-01
       words: 1877
      flesch: 51
     summary: This re­ structuring of LIS education has been met with misgivings by many in the profes­ sion, resulting in a sharply defined differ­ ence of opinion between some practitio­ ners and educators about what LIS schools should be doing to prepare librarians of the future. This section of the book provides a good description of LIS education in various parts of the world but falls short in pro­ viding strategies for improving education for the future.
    keywords: education; library; lis; schools
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        item: #3578 of 5668
          id: crl-15467
      author: Berman, Sanford
       title: Saving the Time of the Library User through Subject Access Innovation: Papers in Honor of Pauline Atherton Cochrane. Ed. William J. Wheeler. Champaign, Ill.: Graduate School of Library and Information Science, Univ. of Illinois, 2000. 217p. $30 (ISBN 0878451080).
        date: 2001-07-01
       words: 1202
      flesch: 47
     summary: This section of the book provides a good description of LIS education in various parts of the world but falls short in pro­ viding strategies for improving education for the future. He realizes that there is no one “right” way to reshape LIS education and that each institution has to respond to local condi­ tions.
    keywords: book; library; lis
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        item: #3579 of 5668
          id: crl-15468
      author: Gorman, Michael
       title: White, Herbert S. Librarianship: Quo Vadis?: Opportunities and Dangers as We Face the New Millennium. Englewood, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 2000. 399p. $65 (ISBN 1-56308-807-X). LC 00-041219.
        date: 2001-07-01
       words: 1174
      flesch: 49
     summary: On the other hand, White does not hesitate to question whether libraries are crucial to society, to decry the fact that librarians are not asser­ tive enough (particularly in seeking ad­ equate salaries), and to prefer managers to leaders in creating successful libraries. Also missing is the recognition that most such institutions are wholly and traditionally dependent on “outside copy” from the Library of Congress and vendors (including library networks), that this copy is frequently flawed and dysfunctional, and that the library and information science profession appears totally immobilized about actually im­ proving the situation (for example, devot­ ing more staff and resources to critical copy revision and enhancement, as well as dynamic subject heading reform, cross-referencing, and innovation at lo­ cal and network levels, in tandem with efforts to correct and reinvigorate the cata­ loging operation at LC and make govern­ ing codes, such as AACR2, more Index to advertisers Academic Press
    keywords: book; library; white
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        item: #3580 of 5668
          id: crl-15469
      author: RIGGS, DONALD E.
       title: Getting Research Published
        date: 2001-09-01
       words: 1496
      flesch: 40
     summary: Very few of these manuscripts reflected a thorough knowl­ edge of research methods. A basic understand­ ing of research methods, coupled with efficiency in their application, is of prime importance.
    keywords: false; research; true
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        item: #3581 of 5668
          id: crl-15470
      author: Zhang, Sha Li
       title: Planning an Authority Control Project at a Medium-sized University Library
        date: 2001-09-01
       words: 5591
      flesch: 56
     summary: The presence of the large number of authority records: When the library con­ tracted an authority control vendor to re­ view and update headings for all biblio­ graphic records in November 1999, the vendor also provided the library with 650,000 authority records. Number of Monthly Exported Authority Records In March 2000, when the cataloging staff became familiar with the new online cataloging system and when the catalog­ ing work flow also became more stable after the system migration, the catalog­ ing staff was asked to keep as accurate a daily record as possible of the number of authority records that were searched from the OCLC Authority File and the number of authority of records that were actually found and exported into the library’s local cataloging system.
    keywords: authority; cataloging; control; headings; library; records
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        item: #3582 of 5668
          id: crl-15473
      author: Blecic, Deborah D.; Fiscella, Joan B.; Wiberley, Stephen E.
       title: The Measurement of Use of Web-based Information Resources: An Early Look at Vendor-supplied Data
        date: 2001-09-01
       words: 10170
      flesch: 60
     summary: Vital Few principle was introduced to the library literature by Richard L. Trueswell in 1969, who demonstrated that often 80 percent of library use is satisfied by 20 percent of materials.17 To compare raw use data across libraries has limited meaning because of differences in institutional population sizes.
    keywords: abstracts; aug; data; icolc; jan; library; resources; time; use; web
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        item: #3583 of 5668
          id: crl-15474
      author: Curl, Sheila R.
       title: Subramanyam Revisited: Creating a New Model for Information Literacy Instruction
        date: 2001-09-01
       words: 4779
      flesch: 47
     summary: Not every discipline re­ quires the same circles, nor is the con­ sumer of information products forced to follow each step in the journey to the in­ formation needed. The Scientific Literature Model The structure of scientific literature can best be understood by tracing the progression of scientific infor­ mation from … the idea stage until the new information generated is disseminated through various chan­ nels and eventually becomes an in­ tegral part of prior scientific knowl­ edge.8 Subramanyam’s intended audience for his book was technical librarians and stu­ dents of technical information.
    keywords: information; library; literature; model; research; scientific; subramanyam; technical
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        item: #3584 of 5668
          id: crl-15475
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books, 2000–2001
        date: 2001-09-01
       words: 10297
      flesch: 64
     summary: Guide BE1353) has been a main­ stay of reference work in the field of Polish literature from the Middle Ages to the present. As in the earlier edition, bibliographies and work lists following each article remain selective.
    keywords: american; articles; bibliography; books; dictionary; edition; encyclopedia; entries; guide; index; isbn; list; new; reference; volume; women; work
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        item: #3585 of 5668
          id: crl-15476
      author: Alexander, Jean M.
       title: Bowers, C. A. Let Them Eat Data: How Computers Affect Education, Cultural Diversity, and the Prospects of Ecological Sustainability. Athens: Univ. of Georgia Pr., 2000. 216p. alk. paper, cloth $40 (ISBN 0820322296); paper $18.95 (ISBN 082032230X). LC 00-26718.
        date: 2001-09-01
       words: 1265
      flesch: 59
     summary: Without completely denying the use­ fulness of computing for certain purposes, Bowers argues that computers threaten to dominate the entire world, imposing a monoculture on the planet and driving out traditional cultures that live more spiritually and harmoniously within the natural environment. To give just one ex­ ample (which may surprise librarians), Bowers attacks computer culture as ex­ clusively visual and based on writing, traits that are also shared by books.
    keywords: book; bowers; computers
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        item: #3586 of 5668
          id: crl-15477
      author: Kotter, Wade
       title: Creating Web-Accessible Databases: Case Studies for Libraries, Museums, and Other Nonprofits. Ed. Julie M. Still. Medford, N.J.: Information Today, 2001. 184p. $39.50 (ISBN 1-57387-104‐4). LC 00-063283.
        date: 2001-09-01
       words: 2009
      flesch: 59
     summary: Al­ though many important concepts are dis­ cussed, the key issue raised by Jantz is the importance of creating a reusable platform to support Web publishing no matter the content and nature of the specific database. In this chapter, Richard Gartner discusses the importance of standards, and his argument for XML as perhaps the best standard for Web publishing might well become required reading for any librarian interested in creating Web-accessible da­ tabases.
    keywords: books; library; publishing; web
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        item: #3587 of 5668
          id: crl-15479
      author: Jones, Plummer Alston
       title: Libraries and the Book Trade: The Formation of Collections from the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century. Eds. Robin Myers, Michael Harris, and Giles Mandelbrote. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Pr. (Publishing Pathways Series), 2000. 192p. (ISBN 1-58456-034-7). LC 00-058865.
        date: 2001-09-01
       words: 1299
      flesch: 54
     summary: She also points out the irony that sixteenth-century scholars would more likely find the most popular books they needed in booksellers’ shops than in the University Library. In reviewing the state of librar­ ies and library services to minority popu­ lations in the United States, both the field of library and information science and the racial and ethnic demographics that con­ stitute its workforce must be examined.
    keywords: book; libraries; library
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        item: #3588 of 5668
          id: crl-15480
      author: Rhodes, Kelly C.
       title: McCook, Kathleen de la Peña. Ethnic Diversity in Library and Information Science. Champaign: Univ. of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science (Library Trends, vol. 49, no. 1), 2000. 219p. $18.50 (ISSN 0024-2594).
        date: 2001-09-01
       words: 1268
      flesch: 46
     summary: In reviewing the state of librar­ ies and library services to minority popu­ lations in the United States, both the field of library and information science and the racial and ethnic demographics that con­ stitute its workforce must be examined. The book presents for its readers the struggles that people of color have endured in an effort to gain both an understanding of, and adequate representation in, the develop­ ment and delivery of library services.
    keywords: book; ethnic; library
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        item: #3589 of 5668
          id: crl-15482
      author: RIGGS, DONALD E.
       title: International Library Cooperation: We Have Come a Long Way and Have a Long Way to Go
        date: 2001-11-01
       words: 1500
      flesch: 37
     summary: Much progress in library cooperation has oc­ curred in the time between the two meet­ ings. Overcoming limited experience with the outside world and dealing with limited knowledge of other cultures are challenges that are not given appropriate consideration by planners of library cooperation.
    keywords: false; library; true
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        item: #3590 of 5668
          id: crl-15483
      author: Poole, Carolyn E.; Denny, Emmett
       title: Technological Change in the Workplace: A Statewide Survey of Community College Library and Learning Resources Personnel
        date: 2001-11-01
       words: 6868
      flesch: 46
     summary: This investigation examined how employees in Florida community college library and learning resource centers are dealing with technological change in their work environment. Review of the Literature Revoee io tee Worerlvce The nature of library work has changed dramatically in the past twenty-five years, largely because of technology.
    keywords: change; college; community; florida; http; learning; libraries; library; new; staff; technological; technology
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        item: #3591 of 5668
          id: crl-15484
      author: Winston, Mark D.
       title: The Importance of Leadership Diversity: The Relationship between Diversity and Organizational Success in the Academic Environment
        date: 2001-11-01
       words: 5749
      flesch: 45
     summary: Generally, rankings of this type focus on enrollment or gradu­ ation rates for members of particular eth­ nic groups, such as Hispanics, in the pub­ lication “Colleges Awarding the Most Bachelors Degrees to Hispanics” and on similar rankings related to Asian Ameri­ cans and African Americans.31–33 The U.S. News and World Report publication, how­ ever, includes diversity rankings that fo­ cus on minority enrollment overall and provides such rankings in relation to vari­ ous types of institutions, with similar types of institutions compared with one another. The data for 1999 showed similar re­ sults, with an even greater level of differ- Total 62 100.0% ence, in that fewer of the colleges in the The Importance of Leadership Diversity 523 North were related TABLE 2 highly in relation to di- Diversity Ranking by Location:
    keywords: colleges; diversity; leadership; organizational; rankings; research; success
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        item: #3592 of 5668
          id: crl-15486
      author: Lawrence, Stephen R.; Connaway, Lynn Silipigni; Brigham, Keith H.
       title: Life Cycle Costs of Library Collections: Creation of Effective Performance and Cost Metrics for Library Resources
        date: 2001-11-01
       words: 6129
      flesch: 47
     summary: This article presents a new and unique method for determining library costs. Table 5 demonstrates that monographs are overwhelmingly the largest source or driver of library costs, consuming 95 per­ cent of library life cycle expenditures.
    keywords: arl; collections; cost; cycle; libraries; library; life; research; unit
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        item: #3593 of 5668
          id: crl-15489
      author: Greene, Harlan
       title: Baker, Nicholson. Double Fold: Libraries and the Assault on Paper. New York: Random House, 2001. 370p. $25.95, alk. paper (ISBN 0375504443). LC 00‐59171.
        date: 2001-11-01
       words: 2063
      flesch: 68
     summary: The wonderful originals vanish, while in their place appear the changeling of bad microfilm—with pages skipped, many frames illegible, and the original format of the materials, contain­ ing some researchable informa­ tion that is not text, gone forever. But he saves his true disgust and disdain for those who created the film Slow Fires and accelerated the call for the preservation of paper through microfilm with grants from the office of Preservation and Access of the National Endowment for the Humanities.
    keywords: baker; book; paper
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        item: #3594 of 5668
          id: crl-15490
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Epstein, Jason. Book Business: Publishing Past, Present, and Future. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001. 188p. $21.95 (ISBN: 0393049841). LC 00-60079.
        date: 2001-11-01
       words: 1385
      flesch: 65
     summary: Epstein also lets fly his share of howlers, among them, an oddly vitriolic denunciation of the Catholic Church as “that sex-besotted, dictatorial Church” (oh, dear!); a swipe at the Library of America for issuing “a volume of sermons most of which are with­ out [sic] literary value or historical inter­ est in themselves” (just give me The Canon, thank-you); or an odd reading of Marx advocating that “technological changes—what Marx called changes in the forms of production—produce changes in consciousness” (which Marx?). These are the people looking for—and finding— those audiences abandoned by the corpo­ rate dinosaurs, and their quiet successes make for a very different view of the present state of books and publishing in America.
    keywords: book; epstein; publishing
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        item: #3595 of 5668
          id: crl-15491
      author: Wykle, Helen
       title: Lee, Stuart D. Digital Imaging: A Practical Handbook. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, in association with Library Association Publishing, London, 2001. 194 p. $55, alk. paper (ISBN 1-55570-405-0). LC 00-45075.
        date: 2001-11-01
       words: 1369
      flesch: 58
     summary: It is a starting place for project managers, librarians, museum professionals, students, and anyone inter­ ested in thinking through the steps of a digitization project or seeking to deter­ mine what issues need foregrounding when beginning digital imaging. Al­ though the author has outlined the basic requirements of digitization, from selec­ tion through delivery of the digital prod­ uct, he has not produced a detailed guide to the process.
    keywords: book; digitization; project
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        item: #3596 of 5668
          id: crl-15492
      author: Hensley, Timothy
       title: Litman, Jessica. Digital Copyright: Protecting Intellectual Property on the Internet. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus, 2001. 208p. $25, alk. paper (ISBN 1-57392-889-5). LC 00-45917.
        date: 2001-11-01
       words: 1197
      flesch: 55
     summary: With the passing of the Digital Millen­ nium Copyright Act and the increased interest in Internet copyright—and in Vir­ ginia and Maryland, with the passage of UCITA (Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act)—an increasing number of people, including many librarians, are trying to sift through the complexities of copyright law. The first half of Digital Copyright in­ cludes rather detailed descriptions of how copyright law has been created, shaped, and reshaped over the last century.
    keywords: actual; copyright; law
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        item: #3597 of 5668
          id: crl-15493
      author: Black, Lois Fischer
       title: Matthews, Jack. Reading Matter: A Rabid Bibliophile’s Adventures among Old and Rare Books. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Pr., 2000. 208p. $29.95, alk. paper (ISBN 1584560274). LC 00-031361.
        date: 2001-11-01
       words: 1897
      flesch: 58
     summary: Extent and Nature of Circulation (Average figures denote the average number of copies printed each issue during the preceding twelve months; actual figures denote actual number of copies of single issue published nearest filing date: November 2001 issue.) 15a. The essays of Matthews, a prolific author, combine to create a thought-provoking text that will appeal to librarians, book collectors, and students of book history alike.—Lois Fischer Black, North Carolina State Univer­ sity.
    keywords: actual; average; book; matthews
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        item: #3598 of 5668
          id: crl-15494
      author: Hu, Chengren
       title: West, Cynthia K. Techno-Human Mesh: The Growing Power of Information Technologies. Westport, Conn.: Quorum, 2001. 240p. $62.50, alk. paper (ISBN 1567204090). LC 00-037295.
        date: 2001-11-01
       words: 855
      flesch: 53
     summary: The digerati is divided into three classes: first are the A-list digerati consisting of the ex­ ecutive management of IT companies, venture capitalists, and majority stock­ holders who fund the companies; second are the academic researchers and devel­ opers, engineers, and programmers who have special IT knowledge to design, pro­ duce, and develop IT; and third are the vice presidents, directors, and senior sales and marketing personnel who require enough IT knowledge to market and sell products. By examining the inter­ section of IT, power, people, and bodies, West demonstrates how new modes of surveillance and control in society and over human bodies are created by IT as it becomes more efficient, productive, and profitable.
    keywords: power; west
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        item: #3599 of 5668
          id: crl-15495
      author: REICHEL, MARY
       title: September 11th and Academic Libraries
        date: 2002-01-01
       words: 1610
      flesch: 41
     summary: In a political system grounded in an informed citizenry, we are members of a profession explicitly committed to intellectual freedom and the free- dom of access to information. Librarians will have to deal with choices about tolerance and respect for all users4; unauthorized requests for circula- tion and other user data5; and a climate where national security concerns will com- pete with freedom of information issues.
    keywords: false; freedom; true
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        item: #3600 of 5668
          id: crl-15496
      author: Oling, Lori; Mach, Michelle
       title: Tour Trends in Academic ARL Libraries
        date: 2002-01-01
       words: 6011
      flesch: 59
     summary: However, at other times, the terms library orientation and library tour are used to de- fine a full-blown classroom instruction session.11 The literature on library tours reflects the evolution of tour formats, from guided walking tours to today’s virtual Web tours. Guided tours have long been a standard in academic libraries.12,13 De- spite their prevalence, the perceived value of guided tours is mixed.
    keywords: guided; instruction; libraries; library; self; tours
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        item: #3601 of 5668
          id: crl-15497
      author: Weaver-Meyers, Pat
       title: Conflict Resolution: A Case Study about Academic Librarians and Faculty Status
        date: 2002-01-01
       words: 5858
      flesch: 49
     summary: Faculty status began under the leadership of Arthur McAnally, direc- tor of University of Oklahoma Libraries, who, along with Robert Downs from the University of Illinois Libraries, was a groundbreaking, nationally recognized proponent of faculty status for librarians as early as the 1950s. This article chronicles that challenge and documents the events that led to the retention of faculty status by the librarians.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; oklahoma; status; tenure; university
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        item: #3602 of 5668
          id: crl-15499
      author: Barth, Christopher D.; Cottrell, Janet R.
       title: A Constituency-based Support Model for Delivering Information Services
        date: 2002-01-01
       words: 2907
      flesch: 32
     summary: This frontline student-staffed support area providing phone, e-mail, and walk- in technology support for all students, fac- ulty, and staff is managed by an LTC. Although information support for stu- dents, faculty, and administrators often overlaps, primary support for each group is assumed by a specific group of staff that provides both library and com- puting support for that constituency.
    keywords: information; library; services; support; technology
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        item: #3603 of 5668
          id: crl-15500
      author: Davis, Philip M.
       title: The Effect of the Web on Undergraduate Citation Behavior: A 2000 Update
        date: 2002-01-01
       words: 3772
      flesch: 55
     summary: Web citations also increased from 1996. No significant relationships were found (positive or negative) between grade and total number of citations, num- ber of Web citations, number of scholarly citations, or number of nonscholarly ci- tations.
    keywords: citations; document; internet; students; web
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        item: #3604 of 5668
          id: crl-15501
      author: Teper, Thomas H.; Kraemer, Beth
       title: Long-term Retention of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
        date: 2002-01-01
       words: 6981
      flesch: 46
     summary: Although this facilitates short- term access, it should raise serious ques- tions about the potential for long-term sustainability because, unlike scanning projects, there is not necessarily a hard copy to fall back on. This vague caution centered on the necessity of preserving electronic documents in a mul- titude of formats, including native formats such as Microsoft Word for contextual in- formation, raster format such as PDF or TIFF for access, the OCR output so that documents will be searchable, a structured format such as SGML or XML for preser- vation purposes, and an ASCII document to serve as a last-ditch method of recover- ing lost data.
    keywords: access; digital; electronic; etd; information; long; preservation; term
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        item: #3605 of 5668
          id: crl-15505
      author: Berry, John
       title: Gorman, Michael. Our Enduring Values: Librarianship in the 21st Century. Chicago: ALA, 2000. 188p. $28, alk. paper (ISBN 0838907857). LC 00-27127.
        date: 2002-01-01
       words: 1845
      flesch: 47
     summary: (Then, of course, there’s “library sci- ence.”) Give the guru credit, he puts his val- ues to work on current issues in the pro- fession, from filtering the Internet to in- struction in library use (read the delight- ful essay on bibliographic instruction on pages 106–109), and much more. Now dean of library services at the California State University, Fresno, Gorman is carving out guru status in what we’ve been calling the “core values” of librarianship.
    keywords: false; library; true
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        item: #3606 of 5668
          id: crl-15506
      author: Rolland, Paul
       title: Hinchliffe, Lisa Janicke. Neal-Schuman Electronic Classroom Handbook. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2001. 257p. $75, alk. paper (ISBN 1555704077). LC 00-51958.
        date: 2002-01-01
       words: 1829
      flesch: 47
     summary: Although the majority of major academic libraries today are likely to have electronic classrooms up and running, some still do not. As the use of electronic information in academia has increased, library-based instruction has evolved from handy op- tion to practical necessity.
    keywords: book; electronic; false; true
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        item: #3607 of 5668
          id: crl-15507
      author: Garrett, Jeffrey
       title: The Renaissance Computer: Knowledge Technology in the First Age of Print. Ed. Neil Rhodes and Jonathan Sawday. London, New York: Routledge, 2000. 212p. alk. paper, $85, cloth (ISBN 0415220637); $25.99, paper (ISBN 0415220645). LC 99-087623.
        date: 2002-01-01
       words: 2537
      flesch: 51
     summary: The appendices include examples of different library studies and the coded and charted statistical reports created by various OPACs. Westbrook believes that CINA can be a key in gaining an understanding of the existing information needs of the popu- lation the library serves, whether it is a public, school, or academic library.
    keywords: book; false; information; library; true
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        item: #3608 of 5668
          id: crl-15508
      author: Krueger, Janice M.
       title: Westbrook, Lynn. Identifying and Analyzing User Needs: A Complete Handbook and Ready-to-Use Assessment Workbook with Disk. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2001. 307p. $75, alk. paper (ISBN 1-55570-388-7). LC 00-045220.
        date: 2002-01-01
       words: 1763
      flesch: 45
     summary: The appendices include examples of different library studies and the coded and charted statistical reports created by various OPACs. Westbrook believes that CINA can be a key in gaining an understanding of the existing information needs of the popu- lation the library serves, whether it is a public, school, or academic library.
    keywords: false; library; true
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        item: #3609 of 5668
          id: crl-15509
      author: RIGGS, DONALD E.
       title: New Libraries Remain an Excellent Investment
        date: 2002-03-01
       words: 1634
      flesch: 44
     summary: Despite its oversimplification, the belief that “everything is going to be online” influences decision makers not to fund requests for new libraries. Based on the decline in the number of people coming into libraries, the decrease in the number of reference queries, and the significant increase in the number of electronic resources acquired, decision makers are asking, “Why do we need a new library?”
    keywords: false; library; true
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        item: #3610 of 5668
          id: crl-15510
      author: Brown, Cecelia; Krumholz, Lee R.
       title: Integrating Information Literacy into the Science Curriculum
        date: 2002-03-01
       words: 7202
      flesch: 44
     summary: Moreover, several programs for enhanc- ing information literacy in both traditional and Web-based teaching environments have been published.2,3 Despite the impor- tance of monitoring the success of these programs, very few studies have ad- dressed how any improvements achieved in information literacy can be measured.4 One goal of this investigation was to de- vise an instrument for measuring informa- tion literacy using the Association of Col- lege and Research Libraries’ (ACRL) In- formation Literacy Competency Standards for 112 College & Research Libraries March 2002 Higher Education as a guide in combination with a survey previously used for the study of information literacy of physical science graduate students.5,6 Earlier studies have pointed to the im- portance of partnering academic librar- ians with faculty members to integrate information literacy programs into the general brown.p65 Integrating Information Literacy into the Science Curriculum 111 111 Integrating Information Literacy into the Science Curriculum Cecelia Brown and Lee R. Krumholz Cecelia Brown is an Assistant Professor in the School of Library and Information Studies at the Univer- sity of Oklahoma; e-mail: cbrown@ou.edu.
    keywords: information; information literacy; library; literacy; research; science; students
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        item: #3611 of 5668
          id: crl-15511
      author: Kamada, Hitoshi
       title: East Asian Collections and Organizational Transformation in Academic Libraries
        date: 2002-03-01
       words: 7839
      flesch: 44
     summary: Many mainstream library issues, such as intellectual freedom, obvi- ously affect East Asian collections as well.20 A team-based environment brings about more opportunities for sharing knowledge between East Asian studies librarians and other librarians and for working together to provide holistic librarywide services for the customers in East Asian studies. Special aspects of East Asian collections, induced by constraints in han- dling vernacular-language information from East Asia, have distanced those collections from mainstream academic library administration.
    keywords: asian; collection; east; east asian; librarians; library; services; studies
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        item: #3612 of 5668
          id: crl-15512
      author: Kuyper-Rushing, Lois
       title: Music Libraries: Centralization versus Decentralization
        date: 2002-03-01
       words: 4180
      flesch: 53
     summary: Wolfgang M. Freitag read a paper for this symposium entitled, “On Planning a Music Library,” which was subsequently published in the journal, Fontes Artis Musicae.6 Freitag identified three types of music libraries (those in large research libraries, in universities, and in music departments in smaller in- stitutions) and provided a typical descrip- tion of each type. Twenty-seven percent of the schools surveyed had music libraries in the main library on campus, and 29 percent had other locations or combinations of locations.
    keywords: collection; libraries; library; music
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        item: #3613 of 5668
          id: crl-15514
      author: Ping, Ke; Zhang, Sha Li
       title: Toward Continual Reform: Progress in Academic Libraries in China
        date: 2002-03-01
       words: 3870
      flesch: 49
     summary: The entire process has resulted in significant im- provement of library services. Academic libraries have started placing greater emphasis on their human resources than before in order to maximize the ability of employees and to help them reach their potential.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; services; university
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        item: #3614 of 5668
          id: crl-15515
      author: Winston, Mark D.; Dunkley, Lisa
       title: Leadership Competencies for Academic Librarians: The Importance of Development and Fund-raising
        date: 2002-03-01
       words: 6785
      flesch: 33
     summary: The statement of leadership competencies has been intended to “identify a small set of attributes that successful leaders pos- sess, articulate them in ways that could be transferred across all leaders, and cre- ate leadership development experiences to ensure that future leaders possess these attributes. The research presented here describes the areas of expertise, experience, and skills associated with academic development positions in colleges and universities as a basis for identifying leadership competencies that are relevant to aca- demic librarians and administrators. ithin the context of increasing competitiveness; limited re- sources; demands for greater accountability to stakeholders; the requirements of a diverse, technologi- cally astute, and demanding user popu- lation; and organizational challenges such as changing structures and greater use of team-based decision-making, the effective organizational leadership of academic li- braries is of growing importance.
    keywords: academic; competencies; development; fund; leadership; library; raising
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        item: #3615 of 5668
          id: crl-15516
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 2001
        date: 2002-03-01
       words: 8567
      flesch: 58
     summary: There are introductory bibliographic essays on reference works (although there is no mention of America: History and Life), Internet resources, microform collections, newspapers, government documents, oral history, art, music, and film. A good index refers the reader to topics not among head topics, but discussed in other articles.
    keywords: articles; encyclopedia; entries; guide; history; index; information; isbn; new; reference; volume; work
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        item: #3616 of 5668
          id: crl-15517
      author: Jagodzinski, Cecile M.
       title: Across Boundaries: The Book in Culture and Commerce. Eds. Bill Bell, Philip Bennett, and Jonquil Bevan. Winchester, Hampshire: St. Paul’s Bibliographies (ISBN 1873040474); New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Pr. (ISBN 1584560061), 2000. 160p. $39.95. LC 99-056404.
        date: 2002-03-01
       words: 1856
      flesch: 45
     summary: Contributors include historians, literary critics, and li- brarians; and the authors variously em- ploy the methods of lit/crit theory, archi- val studies of readers and libraries, and analyses of the economic factors sur- rounding book publication and purchase. Sylvia Huot uses the poetic compila- tions of fourteenth-century poet Watriquet de Couvin to explore the ways in which books are used as metaphors for the self, a self awaiting reading and ex- amination.
    keywords: book; false; libraries; true
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        item: #3617 of 5668
          id: crl-15518
      author: Lougen, Colleen
       title: Herrington, TyAnna K. Controlling Voices: Intellectual Property, Humanistic Studies, and the Internet. Foreword by David Jay Bolter. Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois Univ. Pr., 2001. 171p. $49.95, cloth (ISBN 0809323729); alk. paper, $18.95, paper (ISBN 0809323737). LC 00-56287.
        date: 2002-03-01
       words: 2561
      flesch: 45
     summary: One of the best features of this book is the author ’s nontechnical language used to explain intellectual property law in layman’s terms. In the second part of the book, the author analyzes the political and social aspects of intellectual property law by “examin- ing the policy issues that drive legal in- terpretations of the law.”
    keywords: book; false; information; library; true
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        item: #3618 of 5668
          id: crl-15521
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Tolzmann, Don Heinrich, Alfred Hessel, and Reuben Peiss. The Memory of Mankind: The Story of Libraries Since the Dawn of History. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Pr., 2001. 188p. $39.95 (ISBN 1584560495). LC 00-68213.
        date: 2002-03-01
       words: 2613
      flesch: 54
     summary: Indeed, it is questionable that there were enough problems in the process to raise questions of its legitimacy, its pervasiveness, or its ultimate impact in the scholarly commu- nity prior to the expansion of research, of the number of research journals, and of the general level of interest in the equity of access to publishing outlets prior to the 1960s. Each chapter concludes with a general assessment of the research in the area treated in it and recommendations for further research.
    keywords: book; false; libraries; true
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        item: #3619 of 5668
          id: crl-15522
      author: Shiflett, Lee
       title: Weller, Ann C. Editorial Peer Review: Its Strengths and Weaknesses. Medford, N.J.: Information Today (ASIST Monograph Series), 2001. 342p. $35.60 (members); $44.50 (nonmembers) (ISBN 1573871001). LC 00-47204.
        date: 2002-03-01
       words: 1944
      flesch: 46
     summary: Indeed, it is questionable that there were enough problems in the process to raise questions of its legitimacy, its pervasiveness, or its ultimate impact in the scholarly commu- nity prior to the expansion of research, of the number of research journals, and of the general level of interest in the equity of access to publishing outlets prior to the 1960s. In addition to the understanding of the process of scientific refereeing, Weller’s frequently perceptive critiques of existing research and suggestions for fur- ther research, particularly in her conclud- ing chapter, may fuel and inspire research in the area.
    keywords: false; research; true
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        item: #3620 of 5668
          id: crl-15523
      author: RIGGS, DONALD E.
       title: Gratitude: Opportunity and Contributions
        date: 2002-05-01
       words: 1431
      flesch: 40
     summary: Having the opportunity to serve as C&RL editor has been of special signifi- cance to me! There are few intellectual opportunities in professional organizations serving aca- demic/research librarianship to make a contribution; serving as C&RL editor is certainly one of them.
    keywords: editor; false; true
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        item: #3621 of 5668
          id: crl-15524
      author: Hahn, Karla L.; Faulkner, Lila A.
       title: Evaluative Usage-based Metrics for the Selection of E-journals
        date: 2002-05-01
       words: 7918
      flesch: 51
     summary: When the pur- Evaluative Usage-based Metrics for the Selection of E-journals 217 chase value exceeds the use value, re- searchers turn away from subscriptions to alternative sources of journal articles. The various sta- tistics and metrics can be seen as map- ping a multivariate space of products de- scribed by unique combinations of values such as price, article content, and usage.
    keywords: collection; content; cost; journals; metrics; usage
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        item: #3622 of 5668
          id: crl-15525
      author: Grogg, Jill E.; Andreadis, Debra K.; Kirk, Rachel A.
       title: Full-text Linking: Affiliated versus Nonaffiliated Access in a Free Database
        date: 2002-05-01
       words: 6092
      flesch: 57
     summary: Fortunately, free full text is becom- ing more common. Mary Ellen Bates has warned: “There ain’t no such thing as free lunch.” Bates has insisted that free lunch is “one- stop access to the archives of a number of periodicals, support for complex search- ing, and no charge for access, searching, or downloading any available informa- tion.”2 University libraries provide access to full text via a variety of media, including print and electronic.
    keywords: access; affiliated; articles; available; text; user
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        item: #3623 of 5668
          id: crl-15527
      author: Bao, Xue-Ming
       title: A Comparative Study of Library Surveys of Internet Users at Seton Hall University in 1998 and 2001
        date: 2002-05-01
       words: 4417
      flesch: 56
     summary: Because the exact responses of the two TABLE 2 Percent of Respondents� Academic Major or Field 1998 2001 n = 786 n = 581 Arts & Sciences 44.7% 44.4% Business 23.3% 16.4% Diplomacy 0.1% 2.8% Education 18.2% 14.6% Medical Education 4.1% 3.3% Nursing 5.2% 2.1% Theology 1.7% 2.6% Other 2.7% 13.9% 254 College & Research Libraries May 2002 TABLE 4 Percent of Respondents Searching Information Related to Academic Studies or Not Related to Academic Studies 1998 2001 n = 786 n = 581 Information related to academic studies 83.2% 88.1% Information not related to academic studies 73.9% 81.6% TABLE 5 Percent Of Respondents� Levels Of Satisfaction For Internet Search Results 1998 2001 n = 786 n = 581 1 (High Satisfaction) 7.8% 18.1% 2 36.1% 43.0% 3 37.0% 27.4% 4 11.8% 6.4% 5 (Low Satisfaction) 3.1% 1.2% surveys are different, it is only meaning- ful to compare percentages of the re- sponses rather than the exact counts of the responses. 7 Percent of Respondents� Problems Encountered When Searching the Internet 1998 2001 n = 786 n = 581 Too many hits 38.4% 50.1% Do not find information needed 49.2% 54.7% No full-text information can be cited for academic study and/or research 43.8% 52.8% Other 16.3% 11.5% 256 College & Research Libraries
    keywords: internet; library; percent; respondents
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        item: #3624 of 5668
          id: crl-15528
      author: Dalrymple, Connie
       title: Perceptions and Practices of Learning Styles in Library Instruction
        date: 2002-05-01
       words: 5139
      flesch: 47
     summary: This survey was conducted to ascertain how instruction librarians and other library professionals learn, assimilate, and utilize learning style theory. Some authors have taken the tack of showing how learning style theory can be applied to certain ethnic groups.
    keywords: instruction; learning; librarians; library; style; theory
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        item: #3625 of 5668
          id: crl-15530
      author: Lum, Raymond
       title: Briscoe, Peter. Reading the Map of Knowledge: The Art of Being a Librarian. Grand Terrace, Calif.: Palo Verde Pr., 2001. Limited edition. 27p. $5 (ISBN 096348981X).
        date: 2002-05-01
       words: 1912
      flesch: 51
     summary: This third essay is basically a plea to librarians to read and is directed at bibliographers and reference librarians. Briscoe avers that many librarians do not have reading “on their lists.”
    keywords: false; read; true
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        item: #3626 of 5668
          id: crl-15531
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: Casson, Lionel. Libraries in the Ancient World. New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ. Pr., 2001. 177p. $22.95, alk. paper (ISBN 0300088094). LC 00-11668.
        date: 2002-05-01
       words: 2605
      flesch: 51
     summary: Zenodotus (“pioneer of library science”) was the first to arrange a collection by subject and then alphabetically by author. Libraries in the Ancient World.
    keywords: false; libraries; read; true
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        item: #3627 of 5668
          id: crl-15532
      author: Welburn, William
       title: Day, Ronald E. The Modern Invention of Information: Discourse, History, and Power. Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois Univ. Pr., 2001. 139p. $35 alk. paper (ISBN 0809323907). LC 00-047033.
        date: 2002-05-01
       words: 1909
      flesch: 45
     summary: Although “information” receives wide- spread usage among librarians, the word itself has received modest attention in the historical and cultural contexts of library and information science. In Weaver and Wiener, one finds a link between commu- nication and scientific information in their articulation of a scientific theory of com- 292 College & Research Libraries May 2002 munication, a link that is essential to the development of a post-World War Two global exchange of ideas through commu- nication networks.
    keywords: day; false; information; true
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        item: #3628 of 5668
          id: crl-15533
      author: Garrett, Jeffrey
       title: Jackson, H. J. Marginalia: Readers Writing in Books. New Haven, Conn., and London: Yale Univ. Pr., 2001. 324p. $27.95, alk. paper (ISBN 0300088167). LC 00-043721.
        date: 2002-05-01
       words: 2554
      flesch: 51
     summary: Historically, librarians have had little tol- erance for notes scribbled in book mar- gins, seeing no pardonable difference be- tween them and other forms of book defacement. For example, 2,700 years ago, Ashurbanipal’s librarians called down the wrath of Adad and Ishtar on the heads of tablet defacers, and dur- ing the Middle Ages, monastic librarians placed “anathemas” (curses) and other drastic injunctions in books to dissuade potential abusers.
    keywords: books; false; libraries; marginalia; true
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        item: #3629 of 5668
          id: crl-15534
      author: Rhodes, Kelly C.
       title: Libraries & Democracy: The Cornerstones of Liberty. Ed. Nancy Kranich. Chicago: ALA, 2001. 223p. $32 (ISBN 083890808X). LC 2001-22974.
        date: 2002-05-01
       words: 2588
      flesch: 47
     summary: Public libraries— with their mission to, in the words of con- tributor Kathleen de la Peña McCook, ”develop a climate of openness by defin- ing library policies to create an institution where all are welcome”—are uniquely positioned to counteract this. If we look at the institutions that embody and best symbolize our democratic ideals, libraries are at the fore- front, especially in their defense of free and open access to information for all people.
    keywords: democracy; false; libraries; true
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        item: #3630 of 5668
          id: crl-15536
      author: McElrath, Eileen
       title: Challenges That Academic Library Directors Are Experiencing as Perceived by Them and Their Supervisors
        date: 2002-07-01
       words: 9498
      flesch: 54
     summary: If the director ’s po- sition itself lacks stability, then there is a great potential for the entire staff to respond negatively and for the organization’s services to suffer.13 Donald E. Riggs and Gordon A. Sabine’s 1988 study of twenty-five library leaders (academic library directors were included, but not exclusively) provided insight into their self-identified leader- ship characteristics, how they would sug- gest a newcomer become a leader, and what leadership attributes they predict would be needed in 1998. Academic library directors added forty- eight additional job-related challenges whereas the chief academic officers added twenty-four.
    keywords: academic; academic library; challenges; directors; libraries; library; research; study
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        item: #3631 of 5668
          id: crl-15537
      author: Seamans, Nancy H.; Metz, Paul
       title: Virginia Tech’s Innovative College Librarian Program
        date: 2002-07-01
       words: 5479
      flesch: 41
     summary: College librarians were intended to complement the new, but confusing, rich- ness of digital resources by putting a per- sonal face on the impersonal and increas- ingly huge body of information that was available electronically. College librarians are often asked by their clientele to help with literature reviews, to check citations, to provide facts, to make referrals, or to provide other forms of reference service.
    keywords: college; college librarians; librarians; program; tech; virginia
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        item: #3632 of 5668
          id: crl-15538
      author: Herring, Susan Davis
       title: Use of Electronic Resources in Scholarly Electronic Journals: A Citation Analysis
        date: 2002-07-01
       words: 3756
      flesch: 49
     summary: The analysis focused on the extent to which scholars are using electronic resources and the types and subject areas of online resources that are being referenced. Results indicate a growing reli- ance on electronic resources by scholars, a high occurrence of nontraditional types of resources, and a relatively high use of interdisciplinary references.
    keywords: articles; electronic; journals; percent; resources
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        item: #3633 of 5668
          id: crl-15539
      author: Ashmore, Beth; Morris, Sara E.
       title: From Scraps to Reams: A Survey of Printing Services in Academic Libraries
        date: 2002-07-01
       words: 6329
      flesch: 56
     summary: In ad- dition to the literature dealing specifically with library printing services, there are articles on the best way to manage public printing resources in an academic setting. Since printers first arrived in libraries, many have charged from the beginning, viewing this service as roughly the same as photocopying; oth- ers feel that printing fees can create bar- riers to access.
    keywords: charging; fee; libraries; library; printing; services
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        item: #3634 of 5668
          id: crl-15540
      author: Augustine, Susan; Greene, Courtney
       title: Discovering How Students Search a Library Web Site: A Usability Case Study
        date: 2002-07-01
       words: 6564
      flesch: 63
     summary: These findings imply that library Web sites have not alleviated some of the basic and long-range problems that have challenged librarians in the past. Not only do library Web sites offer informa- tion about policies, items, and services available in the physical library, they also conveniently deliver electronic resources, such as electronic journals, reference tools, research guides, and electronic books, directly to the patron’s computer screen.
    keywords: library; online; participants; search; site; testing; usability; web
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        item: #3635 of 5668
          id: crl-15541
      author: Zhang, Hongyang; Webb, T. D.
       title: The Books in Bill Clinton’s Donation1,
        date: 2002-07-01
       words: 5626
      flesch: 53
     summary: Longji Dai, Ling Chen, and Hongyang Zhang, “China Academic Library and Information System: An Academic Library Consortium in China,” Information Technology and Libraries 19 (June 2000): 66–70. 23. A comparison of these two donations and the circumstances surrounding them suggests appropriate directions for U.S.– China academic library cooperation and for international academic librarianship in general.6 China and Peking University For many centuries, events in China fos- tered a vital, but volatile, relationship be- tween academics and politics, between scholarship and the art of governing.
    keywords: books; china; chinese; donation; library; pku; university
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        item: #3636 of 5668
          id: crl-15542
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Hockey, Susan. Electronic Texts in the Humanities: Principles and Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Pr., 2000. 216p. $70, cloth (ISBN 0198711948); $19.95, paper (ISBN: 0198711956).
        date: 2002-07-01
       words: 1892
      flesch: 50
     summary: That said, nothing else is simple or straightforward about electronic texts. Most readers should find her an even-handed and judicious guide who is careful to stress that electronic texts and corpora represent but one approach to a variety of linguistic and stylistic issues and that they should always be used in con- junction with other tools and approaches.
    keywords: false; hockey; true
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        item: #3637 of 5668
          id: crl-15543
      author: Giannoni, Christine
       title: Urgo, Marisa. Developing Information Leaders: Harnessing the Talents of Generation X. London: Bowker-Saur (Information Services Management Series), 2000. 221p. $70 (ISBN 1857392531).
        date: 2002-07-01
       words: 1929
      flesch: 47
     summary: This discussion articulates two basic principles: Works are characterized by both their mutability and immutability, and works are social constructs that change with both each individual’s perception of them and the roles they serve in specific societies. Urgo explains that Generation X librar- ians have a different perspective on work than those from previous generations; they see their relationship with their em- ployers as being “an even exchange of expertise for pay and benefits.”
    keywords: false; gen; true
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        item: #3638 of 5668
          id: crl-15544
      author: Quintana, Isabel del Carmen
       title: Smiraglia, Richard P. The Nature of “a Work”: Implications for the Organization of Knowledge. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Pr., 2001. 182p. $49.50, alk. paper (ISBN 0810840375). LC 2001-020328.
        date: 2002-07-01
       words: 1933
      flesch: 46
     summary: This discussion articulates two basic principles: Works are characterized by both their mutability and immutability, and works are social constructs that change with both each individual’s perception of them and the roles they serve in specific societies. Works are our bread and butter.
    keywords: book; false; true
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        item: #3639 of 5668
          id: crl-15546
      author: Hakeem, Rashidah Z.
       title: Folk Heritage Collections in Crisis. Washington, D.C.: Council on Library and Information Resources, 2001. 63p. $15 (ISBN 1887334823).
        date: 2002-07-01
       words: 1778
      flesch: 37
     summary: Suter had suggested that we accession important collections, process collections for accessibility in- house, describe collections online with collection-level records in MARC or other standard formats, produce finding aids on the Web, and make archival collections available on the Web. In December 2000, at the Library of Congress, the American Folklore Society (AFS) and the American Folklife Center collaborated with a select group of experts to formulate recommen- dations for the access, preservation, and rights management of America’s folk heri- tage sound collections and to propose “a strategy for addressing this crisis in a col- laborative way.”
    keywords: access; collections; false; true
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        item: #3640 of 5668
          id: crl-15547
      author: de la Peña McCook, Kathleen
       title: The Power of Language/El poder de la palabra: Selected Papers from the Second REFORMA National Conference, ed. Lillian Castillo-Speed and the REFORMA National Conference Publications Committee. Englewood, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 2001. 225p. $35 (ISBN 1563089459). LC 2001-38430.
        date: 2002-07-01
       words: 1764
      flesch: 38
     summary: It provides schol- arly and emotional background for the expansion of library services across the borders of nations and types of libraries. Although their ob- servations were focused on serving Latinos, the discussion provides useful insights into diversity in general as it re- lates to library service and collection de- velopment.
    keywords: false; language; library; true
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        item: #3641 of 5668
          id: crl-15548
      author: Sanett, Shelby
       title: Toward Developing a Framework of Cost Elements for Preserving Authentic Electronic Records into Perpetuity
        date: 2002-09-01
       words: 9462
      flesch: 44
     summary: Components to be devel- oped would include preservation policy, preservation funding planning and devel- opment, preservation decision-making models, and preservation cost models that integrate the unique properties which electronic materials and the insti- tutions that house them share. Applying business con- cepts, in combination with archival precepts and collection management principles, to the challenge of preserving electronic records will assist institutions such as archives and libraries in making decisions that will support their mission statements and act in the best interests of their users.
    keywords: cost; data; digital; electronic; electronic records; information; libraries; model; preservation; records
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15548.pdf
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        item: #3642 of 5668
          id: crl-15549
      author: Liu, Lewis Guodo
       title: The Cost Function and Scale Economies in Academic Research Libraries
        date: 2002-09-01
       words: 7770
      flesch: 52
     summary: To be able to provide more accurate es- timates for library costs and economies of scale, this study took into account the multiproduct and multiservice nature of academic research libraries. Library Costs Total library expenditures were used as a measure of total library costs for materi- als, staff, binding, and other operating ac- tivities.
    keywords: cost; economies; function; libraries; library; research; scale
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15549.pdf
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        item: #3643 of 5668
          id: crl-15550
      author: Breckbill, Anita; Baldwin, Virginia
       title: Use of Main or Branch Library Web Pages on Public Access Computers in Academic Branch Libraries: Results of a Listserv Inquiry
        date: 2002-09-01
       words: 5735
      flesch: 63
     summary: Another said, “The issue of branch library home pages is a sticky one here, too. 4. The Web sites contain too much in- formation, poorly placed.14 No published articles were found that specifically address the issue of what Web site is shown as a default screen to patrons in branch libraries, but Karen Diaz summa- rized the dichotomy: “In a Webbed world, duplication of effort is not only wasteful, it is confusing to users.
    keywords: branch; libraries; library; page; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15550.pdf
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        item: #3644 of 5668
          id: crl-15553
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 2000–2002
        date: 2002-09-01
       words: 5819
      flesch: 59
     summary: The classical and jazz entries are arranged in chronological/ stylistic groupings, whereas popular entries are organized under four genres: Country, Pop, R & B/Rap, and Rock. The arrangement is similar, however, organizing entry titles under major themes for Geography and History; Mesoamerican Studies; Written and Oral Sources; Economy and Subsistence; Social, Political, and Religious Organization; Cul- tural Interaction and Social Change; Cosmovision and Ritual Performance; Cre- ative Expressions and Materials Forms; Sites, Cities, and Ceremonial Centers; and, like the other title, they conclude with bi- ographies, although there are many more here and they include historical figures, artists, and photographers, as well as an- thropologists, archaeologists, and other scholars.
    keywords: articles; bibliography; encyclopedia; entries; history; index; new; volume; works
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15553.pdf
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        item: #3645 of 5668
          id: crl-15554
      author: Bland, Robert
       title: Bade, David. The Creation and Persistence of Misinformation in Shared Library Catalogs: Language and Subject Knowledge in a Technological Era. Champaign-Urbana, Ill.: Graduate School of Library and Information Science, Univ. of Illinois (Occasional Papers, no. 211), 2002. 33p. $8 (ISBN 087845120X).
        date: 2002-09-01
       words: 1921
      flesch: 47
     summary: As his title makes clear, Bade’s focus is on the number and persistence of errors in shared cataloging databases such as OCLC and RLIN, a problem he sees as only wors- ening with time. And in a time of diminishing budgets, library admin- istrators will not be overwhelmed with the creativity of a suggestion to solve the qual- ity control problem in cataloging by hiring more catalogers, or even paying highly qualified nonprofessional staff more money to do specialized cataloging work.
    keywords: cataloging; false; true
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        item: #3646 of 5668
          id: crl-15555
      author: Boyer, Larry M.
       title: Brown, Carol R. Interior Design for Libraries: Drawing on Function & Appeal. Chicago: ALA, 2002. 143p. $45, alk. paper (ISBN 0838908292). LC 2002-1325.
        date: 2002-09-01
       words: 2695
      flesch: 51
     summary: Successes can be shared with other libraries and submitted in com- petitions for prestigious awards. Sad to say, most library catalogers who work a forty-hour week for eleven months of the year and keep house and body to- gether in modern times have little time (or energy?) for advanced learning.
    keywords: college; false; libraries; library; true
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        item: #3647 of 5668
          id: crl-15556
      author: Williams, Elizabeth M.
       title: Haeuser, Michael J. With Grace, Elegance, and Flair: The First 25 Years of Gustavus Library Associates. St. Peter, Minn.: Gustavus Adolphus College, 2002. 119p. $15.95 (ISBN 0-9602240-5-X).
        date: 2002-09-01
       words: 1972
      flesch: 47
     summary: With Grace, Elegance, and Flair recounts successful ways in which friends groups can raise money and cre- ate partnerships to support and enhance library collections on college campuses. Successes can be shared with other libraries and submitted in com- petitions for prestigious awards.
    keywords: false; gla; library; true
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        item: #3648 of 5668
          id: crl-15559
      author: Ruppel, Margie
       title: The Role and Impact of the Internet on Library and Information Services. Ed. Lewis-Guodo Liu. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Pr. (Contributions in Librarianship and Information Science, no. 96), 2001. 334p. $64.95, alk. paper (ISBN 0313309205). LC 2001-23873.
        date: 2002-09-01
       words: 1265
      flesch: 33
     summary: The articles often focus on the Internet’s impact in a specific area of library science, such as archives. Although some of the essays mention public and spe- cial libraries, most of the book is concerned with academic libraries.
    keywords: false; true
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        item: #3649 of 5668
          id: crl-15562
      author: Brennan, Martin J.; Hurd, Julie M.; Blecic, Deborah D.; Weller, Ann C.
       title: A Snapshot of Early Adopters of E-journals: Challenges to the Library
        date: 2002-11-01
       words: 7331
      flesch: 47
     summary: The impact is greatest for those depart- ments that have online degree programs, and e-journal access is particularly vital for this constituency. Studies documenting the usage patterns of electronic journals have com- pared print and e-journal characteristics, surveyed faculty for their per- ceptions and expectations, and analyzed the impact on library practices.
    keywords: electronic; journals; library; participants; print; research; resources; use
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        item: #3650 of 5668
          id: crl-15563
      author: O’Connor, Lisa G.; Radcliff, Carolyn J.; Gedeon, Julie A.
       title: Applying Systems Design and Item Response Theory to the Problem of Measuring Information Literacy Skills
        date: 2002-11-01
       words: 8569
      flesch: 55
     summary: Skill items were considered reliable if more than 50 per- cent and less than 90 percent of respon- dents answered items correctly. CTT is best suited for traditional testing situa- tions in which all members of the target population are administered the same or parallel sets of test items (e.g., classroom testing).
    keywords: authors; information; instrument; items; library; literacy; students; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15563.pdf
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        item: #3651 of 5668
          id: crl-15564
      author: Emmons, Mark; Martin, Wanda
       title: Engaging Conversation: Evaluating the Contribution of Library Instruction to the Quality of Student Research
        date: 2002-11-01
       words: 7995
      flesch: 53
     summary: However, student research is not just searching for sources. Tacking back and forth between the ACRL Stan- dards and the English 102 objectives, as well as mining their own experiences with student research (including their own college research experiences), the authors drafted a matrix-style rubric that divided each of these categories, which they called Relevance, Credibility, and Engagement, into three qualities they hoped to see in successful papers and as- signed a numerical value to each of four degrees of success they thought it would be possible to identify.
    keywords: authors; english; library; program; research; sources; students
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        item: #3652 of 5668
          id: crl-15566
      author: Henige, David
       title: Collecting and Safeguarding the Oral Traditions: An International Conference. Eds. John McIlwaine and Jean Whiffrin. Munich: K.G. Saur (IFLA Publications 95), 2001. 158p. $53 (ISBN 3598218257).
        date: 2002-11-01
       words: 1905
      flesch: 48
     summary: Hickey, his coauthor, is director of libraries at the College of Wooster and has been involved with sev- eral library building projects, two of which are featured in this book. This firm has been “designing cam- pus libraries for the last thirty years,” and one might therefore assume they should know something about creating buildings that function well as academic libraries.
    keywords: false; libraries; true
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        item: #3653 of 5668
          id: crl-15569
      author: Berman, Sanford
       title: Intellectual Freedom Manual, 6th ed. Comp. the Office for Intellectual Freedom. Chicago: ALA, 2002. 434p. $45, alk. paper; ALA members, $40.50 (ISBN 0838935192). LC 2001-26684.
        date: 2002-11-01
       words: 2480
      flesch: 47
     summary: “Internet Engineering Reference: An Academic Strategy” chronicles a Univer- sity of Texas library’s active confrontation with the widening gap between the ref- erence desk and library users. Further, those myriad “challenges” actu- ally and typically arise in fairly rural and remote locales, hardly affecting large numbers of students or library users, and in any event are usually denied, although they do represent opportunities to reex- amine selection decisions and to explain free speech precepts to the challengers.
    keywords: false; freedom; intellectual; library; true
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        item: #3654 of 5668
          id: crl-15570
      author: Jones, Plummer Alston
       title: Kister, Kenneth F. Eric Moon: The Life and Library Times. Foreword by John N. Berry III. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2002. 442p., alk. paper, $30 (ISBN 0786412534). LC 2001-7509.
        date: 2002-11-01
       words: 2541
      flesch: 50
     summary: Having been an active member of both the “staid” Library Association and the “feisty” Association of Assistant Librar- ians (Kister ’s adjectives) while in En- gland, Moon joined the Canadian Library Association shortly after arriving in New- foundland, where he served from June 1958 until October 1959. Library literature, in general, suffers from the publication of a great deal of prac- << /ASCII85EncodePages false /AllowTransparency false /AutoPositionEPSFiles
    keywords: false; information; library; moon; true
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        item: #3655 of 5668
          id: crl-15571
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: Neely, Teresa Y. Sociological and Psychological Aspects of Information Literacy in Higher Education. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Pr., 2002. 188p., alk. paper, $47.50 (ISBN 0810841053). LC 2002-21214.
        date: 2002-11-01
       words: 1912
      flesch: 46
     summary: Neely argues that there is a “marked lack of empirical re- search” on information literacy and that this has left us with little agreement on what information literacy actually means or on how best to design information lit- eracy instruction in higher education. Neely is correct to argue, for example, both that we know too little about student attitudes toward information literacy instruction and that our instruction programs could be im- proved if we knew more.
    keywords: false; information; true
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        item: #3656 of 5668
          id: crl-15572
      author: Lombardo, Shawn V.; Miree, Cynthia E.
       title: Caught in the Web: The Impact of Library Instruction on Business Students’ Perceptions and Use of Print and Online Resources
        date: 2003-01-01
       words: 7502
      flesch: 52
     summary: This study sought to determine whether library instruction could impact undergraduate business students’ atti­ tudes and use of three information formats: print materials, library data­ bases, and Web resources. Table 3 provides ex­ amples of these statements for library databases; the statements on print and Web resources used the same question stem.
    keywords: databases; information; library; print; research; resources; students; web
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        item: #3657 of 5668
          id: crl-15573
      author: Marcus, Sandra; Beck, Sheila
       title: A Library Adventure: Comparing a Treasure Hunt with a Traditional Freshman Orientation Tour
        date: 2003-01-01
       words: 9044
      flesch: 66
     summary: In general, researchers found tours to be a predominant method of introduc­ ing students to the library’s physical plant, services, and personnel.11–14 How­ ever, in 1965, Barbara Phipps studied two hundred libraries and reached the con­ clusion that library tours are effective in orientating students to the physical plant and ineffective in teaching library use.15 He recommended three ways to measure the impact of library tours; pretests and posttests on information re­ flecting educational objectives, student opinion surveys, and the measurement and evaluation of repeated questions at the reference desk.30 Although the authors found the use of a pretest unfeasible in the current study, they attempted to in­ clude a quantitative aspect to their tour http:tours.29 http:lectures.25 http:instruction.24 http:students.23 http:descriptions.22 http:skills.20 A Library Adventure 27 evaluations by combining a posttest and a student opinion survey in a question­ naire.
    keywords: book; college; desk; library; number; orientation; reference; research; students; tour; traditional
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        item: #3658 of 5668
          id: crl-15574
      author: Dinkins, Debbi
       title: Circulation as Assessment: Collection Development Policies Evaluated in Terms of Circulation at a Small Academic Library
        date: 2003-01-01
       words: 4382
      flesch: 53
     summary: Studies have been conducted to track the use, over time, of a sampling of circulating books. Total Number Total Number Results of Seleetions of Seleetions Table 4 shows the approximate to­ by Departmental by Librarians tal number of circulating books se­ Faeulty in Subjeet Area lected by departmental faculty and English librarians in each subject area be­
    keywords: faculty; t �; � circulation; � p; � �
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        item: #3659 of 5668
          id: crl-15575
      author: Ducas, Ada M.; Michaud-Oystryk, Nicole
       title: Toward a New Enterprise: Capitalizing on the Faculty–Librarian Partnership
        date: 2003-01-01
       words: 10710
      flesch: 54
     summary: ** Statistical significance - critical p-value = .00555 � 62� C�ll���� &�R�����mh�L�b������ applied sciences faculty, with a response rate of 19 percent, were least likely to ask for help in researching a topic whereas the health sciences faculty did so at a rate of 36 percent and the humanities & social sciences faculty at a rate of 41 percent (p < .0001). Figure 1 il­ lustrates the overall responses for each area of investigation and the responses by faculty group.
    keywords: faculty; l �; librarians; � b; � c; � h; � j; � m
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        item: #3660 of 5668
          id: crl-15576
      author: Ercegovac, Zorana
       title: Bridging the Knowledge Gap between Secondary and Higher Education
        date: 2003-01-01
       words: 5673
      flesch: 52
     summary: Librarian-Faculty Partnerships There is a rich body of literature about IL partnerships for college librarians and, separately, for school librarians. This author informally inter­ viewed dozens of school librarians at state and regional conferences (e.g., California School Library Association) and found that school librarians, too, have little time to regularly read their own magazines and to attend workshops and conferences, let alone to read college and research li­ brary literature on IL issues.
    keywords: information; school; standard �; � aces; � c; � cation; � s
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        item: #3661 of 5668
          id: crl-15578
      author: Jones, Plummer Alston
       title: Graham, Patterson Toby. A Right to Read: Segregation and Civil Rights in Alabama’s Public Libraries, 1900–1965. Tuscaloosa, Ala.: Univ. of Alabama Pr., 2002. 191p. $37.50 (ISBN 0817311440). LC 2001-5918.
        date: 2003-01-01
       words: 1876
      flesch: 45
     summary: In the December 1960 issue of Library Jour- nal, newly appointed editor Eric Moon wrote his infamous editorial, “The Silent Subject,” in which he complained that the library profession, specifically the ALA, had generally ignored the racial segrega- tion of public libraries in the South. Reed, director of the Public Library Service Division of Alabama’s state li- brary agency, fought not only for the in- tegration of Alabama’s public libraries, but also for freedom of speech in the no- torious censorship case involving Garth Williams’s children’s book, The Rabbits’ Wedding, about a black male rabbit and a white female rabbit marrying and living happily ever after.
    keywords: false; library; public; true
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        item: #3662 of 5668
          id: crl-15579
      author: Zhang, Sha Li
       title: Hauptman, Robert. Ethics and Librarianship. Foreword by Peter Hernon. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland, 2002. 151p. alk. paper $35 (ISBN 0786413069). LC 2002-131.
        date: 2003-01-01
       words: 2522
      flesch: 45
     summary: Reed, director of the Public Library Service Division of Alabama’s state li- brary agency, fought not only for the in- tegration of Alabama’s public libraries, but also for freedom of speech in the no- torious censorship case involving Garth Williams’s children’s book, The Rabbits’ Wedding, about a black male rabbit and a white female rabbit marrying and living happily ever after. In special libraries (law, medicine, and corporate libraries) and archival col- lections, the line between advising and assisting patrons should be clear so that librarians will not be accused of mislead- ing patrons.
    keywords: false; libraries; library; public; true
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        item: #3663 of 5668
          id: crl-15580
      author: Kotter, Wade
       title: Heesen, Anke te. The World in A Box: The Story of an Eighteenth-Century Picture Encyclopedia. Trans. Ann M. Hentschel. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Pr., 2002. 237p. alk. paper $60 cloth, (ISBN 0226322866); $20 paper (ISBN 0226322874). LC 2001-052763. [Originally published as Der Weltkasten: die Geschichte einer Bildenenzyklopädie aus dem 18. Jahrhundert. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 1997.]
        date: 2003-01-01
       words: 2542
      flesch: 49
     summary: From this perspective, it becomes clear that Stoy intended his Picture Academy not only as a source of knowledge, but also as a tool for teaching children how to bring order to the world. In its complete form, Stoy’s Picture Academy is made up of a single volume of fifty-two copperplates, most likely one for each week of the year, and two volumes of explanatory text.
    keywords: box; false; true; world
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        item: #3664 of 5668
          id: crl-15581
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Helfand, Jessica. Reinventing the Wheel: Volvelles, Equatoria, Planispheres, Fact-Finders, Gestational Charts . . . . New York: Princeton Architectural Pr., 2002. 159p. alk. paper $24.95 (ISBN 1568983387). LC 2002-532.
        date: 2003-01-01
       words: 1839
      flesch: 47
     summary: There are fortune-telling wheels and semaphore-charting wheels; emergency first-aid wheels and electronic fix-it wheels; playful wheels that test pho- netics and prophylactic wheels that pre- vent pregnancy.” In sum, it is a forum where all parties inter- ested in scholarly publishing and the li- brary market can meet face to face.
    keywords: false; publishing; true; wheels
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        item: #3665 of 5668
          id: crl-15582
      author: Riley, John
       title: Scholarly Publishing: Books, Journals, Publishers, and Libraries in the Twentieth Century. Ed. Richard E. Abel, Lyman W. Newlin, Katina Strauch, and Bruce Strauch. New York: Wiley, 2002. 318p. alk. paper $29.95, (ISBN 0471219290). LC 2001-6154.
        date: 2003-01-01
       words: 2273
      flesch: 47
     summary: This publication provides a unique view into the world of scholarly publishing. Despite the large number of books now coming out in the field of publishing his- tory and the flood of books critical of the current state of education, there are no works that treat so thoroughly the history, current situation, and future prospects of scholarly publishing.
    keywords: false; libraries; publishing; true
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        item: #3666 of 5668
          id: crl-15583
      author: Billings, Harold
       title: The Wild-Card Academic Library in 2013
        date: 2003-03-01
       words: 3235
      flesch: 41
     summary: The key drivers that can be expected to shape the future of academic libraries as they move toward the model of 2013 will be the availability of library resources and the demands on their use, alterations in scholarship and scholarly publishing, and changes within the teaching and learning establishment. The transformational agents that have produced dramatic changes in academic libraries in recent years will continue to influence those librar- ies over the next decade, but it should not be assumed that the aca- demic library of 2013 will represent a natural progression from the li- brary of today.
    keywords: academic; information; libraries; library
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        item: #3667 of 5668
          id: crl-15585
      author: Shoaf, Eric C.
       title: Using a Professional Moderator in Library Focus Group Research
        date: 2003-03-01
       words: 5279
      flesch: 57
     summary: Brown University Library hired a professional marketing and opinion re- search firm to conduct focus group meetings with library users and to provide data analysis. During this process, the MR educated LUNT members on the specifics of focus group meetings.
    keywords: focus; group; library; meetings
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        item: #3668 of 5668
          id: crl-15586
      author: Curran, William M.
       title: Succession: The Next Ones at Bat
        date: 2003-03-01
       words: 3455
      flesch: 49
     summary: In 19 years, professional positions in Quebec academic libraries diminished from 486 to 337. Academic libraries will face exactly the same ordeal in recruiting librarians.
    keywords: academic; age; libraries; positions
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        item: #3669 of 5668
          id: crl-15587
      author: Swanepoel, A.J.; Smit, I.P.J.
       title: Towards an Understanding of Annual Reports of University and Technikon Libraries in South Africa
        date: 2003-03-01
       words: 5085
      flesch: 45
     summary: It includes issues such as the usefulness of annual reports, the future of annual re- ports, the readers of annual reports, an- nual report trends, and content analyses of annual reports.3�7 The latest develop- ments and trends in corporate annual re- porting also feature regularly at confer- ences, at annual competitions for the best annual report, and in newsletters and journals specifically aimed at corporate annual reporting.8�10 The Role of Annual Reports in University and Technikon Libraries From the introductory remarks above, it should be clear that many indicators point to the important role that annual reports play in the corporate world. 3 Publication Date of Last Annual Report Separate or Library Reports Own Reports Incorporated in the Parent Institutions� Annual Reports (Group 1 Libraries) (Group 2 Libraries) n=20 n=20 2000 and after 70% 11.11% 1999 10% 66.67% Before 1999 20% 22.22% annual reports and also that the annual reports of group 2 libraries often contain only a summary or selection of issues that a library would normally include in its own annual report.
    keywords: annual; libraries; reports
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        item: #3670 of 5668
          id: crl-15588
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books of 2001–2002
        date: 2003-03-01
       words: 7202
      flesch: 60
     summary: Access to the content is enhanced by indexes of personal names and film titles at the end of the work. A series of reproductions of title pages and illustrations provides a fuller sense of the character of Russian book publish- ing during this period.
    keywords: american; bibliography; books; history; library; new; reference; series; title; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15588.pdf
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        item: #3671 of 5668
          id: crl-15590
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: Finkelstein, David. The House of Blackwood: Author–Publisher Relations in the Victorian Era. University Park: Pennsylvania State Univ. (Penn State Series in the History of the Book), 2002. 199p. alk. paper, $55 (ISBN 0271021799). LC 2002-501.
        date: 2003-03-01
       words: 1906
      flesch: 57
     summary: Blackwood�s satu- rated the market with reprints of the works of George Eliot�bad enough when Eliot was popular, but disastrous when she went out of fashion. The Edinburgh printing and publishing house of Blackwood & Sons was founded by William Blackwood in 1804.
    keywords: blackwood; book
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15590.pdf
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        item: #3672 of 5668
          id: crl-15591
      author: Hyde, Gene
       title: Libraries, Museums, and Archives: Legal Issues and Ethical Challenges in the New Information Era. Ed. Tomas A. Lipinksi. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2002. 335p. alk. paper, $59.95 (ISBN 0810840855). LC 01-41078.
        date: 2003-03-01
       words: 1312
      flesch: 56
     summary: The first two deal with collection and acquisition is- sues, the third with legal issues involv- ing patron access and privacy, and the fourth with ethical challenges. This is the most technical section of the book; however, it does an excellent job of de- scribing the substance and nuances of these confusing sections of U.S. code, as well as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, and a range of legal issues relating to technology, access, and potential legal changes with emerging technologies.
    keywords: issues; legal
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15591.pdf
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        item: #3673 of 5668
          id: crl-15592
      author: Williams, James W.
       title: Sauperl, Alenka. Subject Determination during the Cataloging Process. Lanham, Md.; London: Scarecrow, 2002. 173p. alk. paper, $47.50 (ISBN 0810842890). LC 2001-57698.
        date: 2003-03-01
       words: 1989
      flesch: 62
     summary: This is the most technical section of the book; however, it does an excellent job of de- scribing the substance and nuances of these confusing sections of U.S. code, as well as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, and a range of legal issues relating to technology, access, and potential legal changes with emerging technologies. Although legal issues of immediate significance dominate this work, an im- portant section deals with the somewhat more immutable subject of ethics and ethi- cal behavior in the life of the information professional.
    keywords: cataloging; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15592.pdf
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        item: #3674 of 5668
          id: crl-15594
      author: Winter, Michael F.
       title: Weinberger, David. Small Pieces Loosely Joined: A Unified Theory of the Web. Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus, 2002. 223p. $25 (ISBN 0738205435). LC 2002-102643.
        date: 2003-03-01
       words: 1367
      flesch: 61
     summary: Hav- ing recalled the distinction between two very different conceptions of space, which are referred to with the terms �measured space,� or the space of Newtonian phys- ics, and �lived space,� or space as we di- rectly experience it, he then assumes that the distinction between measured and lived space is the same as the distinction between real space and the so-called vir- tual space of the Web because the space of the Web can only be experienced and only exists insofar as it is experienced. To take an example, consider Weinberger �s discussion of space.
    keywords: web
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        item: #3675 of 5668
          id: crl-15595
      author: Kelley, Kimberly B.; Orr, Gloria J.
       title: Trends in Distant Student Use of Electronic Resources: A Survey
        date: 2003-05-01
       words: 7245
      flesch: 51
     summary: Do students report that these facilities are meeting their needs? To answer this research question, the following survey questions were used as the basis for evaluating student library use behavior: • Survey question 4, “During a se- mester, how often do you visit a library to complete course-related assignments?” • Survey question 5, “When you do visit a library, which library do you visit most often to complete course-related as- signments?” • Survey question 6, “Please rank the quality of library services and materials in the library you visit most often.” Trends in Distant Student Use of Electronic Resources: A Survey 179 Sixty-six percent of respondents re- ported they “seldom” or “never” visited a library versus 32 percent who reported they “frequently” or “often” used a li- brary. Information and Library Services (ILS) at UMUC conducted a needs assessment survey to examine trends in student use of library resources, services, and instruction in order to understand how student usage pat- terns, needs, and preferences have changed as well as stayed the same.
    keywords: library; resources; students; survey; use
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        item: #3676 of 5668
          id: crl-15596
      author: Westbrook, Lynn
       title: Information Needs and Experiences of Scholars in Women’s Studies: Problems and Solutions
        date: 2003-05-01
       words: 10975
      flesch: 45
     summary: Reports of the Stages at Which Library Service Is Needed Faculty information seeking could be en- visioned as a continuum experience. • What information resources do WS faculty use in their research and teaching?
    keywords: faculty; information; librarians; library; research; resources; scholars; studies; use; women
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15596.pdf
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        item: #3677 of 5668
          id: crl-15597
      author: Teper, Thomas H.; Atkins, Stephanie S.
       title: Building Preservation: The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign’s Stacks Assessment
        date: 2003-05-01
       words: 10068
      flesch: 51
     summary: Af- ter thirteen years without a preservation program and without any signifi- cant facilities improvements, the results provide insight into the results of deferred collections care and facilities maintenance and offer guidance for conducting similar studies with other research library collections. Biases Although the authors made every effort to include as much of the collection as possible within the sample, the necessary exclusion of certain collection materials means that some biases exist in the study.
    keywords: assessment; collection; damage; items; library; percent; preservation; stacks
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15597.pdf
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        item: #3678 of 5668
          id: crl-15598
      author: Jantz, Ronald
       title: Information Retrieval in Domain-specific Databases: An Analysis to Improve the User Interface of the Alcohol Studies Database
        date: 2003-05-01
       words: 5676
      flesch: 52
     summary: Transaction log analysis can provide a rich source of information on user behavior and insights as to how user interfaces can be improved. The initial Web-accessible database and user interface were completed late in 1999 using the approach and technology de- scribed in an article by the author in 2001.3 As a result, users at Rutgers University and throughout the world gained access to this important and freely available collection of medical and scientific research dealing with the use of alcohol and the related con- sequences.
    keywords: asdb; improved; interface; search; user; user interface
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15598.pdf
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        item: #3679 of 5668
          id: crl-15601
      author: Haug, James D.
       title: Longino, Helen E. The Fate of Knowledge. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Pr., 2002. 233p. alk. paper, $49.50, cloth (ISBN 0691088756); paper, $16.95 (ISBN 0691088764). LC 2001036267.
        date: 2003-05-01
       words: 3132
      flesch: 44
     summary: In an attempt to reduce mis- understanding, Longino distinguishes three meanings of scientific knowledge: (1) knowledge production, the practices and processes that generate knowledge; (2) knowing, a three-way relationship among knowers, representations (e.g., models and theories), and objects (e.g., black holes); and (3) content, the corpus of knowledge that consists of verbal, mathematical, or visual representations. More narrowly, it is an exploration of a matter of considerable moment and dispute in that domain, namely, the role of social relations in the production and content of scientific knowledge.
    keywords: false; knowledge; scientific; social; true
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        item: #3680 of 5668
          id: crl-15602
      author: Tallent, Ed
       title: Reading Acts: U.S. Readers’ Interactions with Literature, 1800–1950. Eds. Barbara Ryan and Amy M. Thomas. Knoxville: Univ. of Tennessee Pr., 2002. 289p. alk. paper, $36 (ISBN 1572331828). LC 2001-5651.
        date: 2003-05-01
       words: 1870
      flesch: 46
     summary: Copyrights and Copywrongs is a cultural his- tory of copyright law, the self-proclaimed goal of which is to explain how essential the original foundations of American copyright law are to the educational, po- litical, artistic, and literary culture of this country. The author makes an eloquent argument for copyright law as it was origi- nally intended, the purpose of which was to encourage creativity and cultural ex- pression, the proliferation of ideas, and the sharing of information.
    keywords: copyright; false; knowledge; true
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15602.pdf
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        item: #3681 of 5668
          id: crl-15603
      author: Jobe, Janita
       title: Vaidhyanathan, Siva. Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and How It Threatens Creativity. New York: New York Univ. Pr., 2001. 243p. alk paper, $27.95 (ISBN 0814788068). LC 2001-2178.
        date: 2003-05-01
       words: 1859
      flesch: 44
     summary: Copyrights and Copywrongs is a cultural his- tory of copyright law, the self-proclaimed goal of which is to explain how essential the original foundations of American copyright law are to the educational, po- litical, artistic, and literary culture of this country. We know the sto- ries, the songs, and the films that have tested American copyright law.
    keywords: copyright; false; law; true
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        item: #3682 of 5668
          id: crl-15604
      author: Shiflett, Lee
       title: Carpenter, Kenneth E., Wayne A. Wiegand, and Jane Aikin. Winsor, Dewey, and Putnam: The Boston Experience: Papers from the Round Table on Library History Session at the Sixty-Seventh Council and General Conference of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, Boston, Massachusetts. August 1–25, 2001. Ed. Donald G. Davis Jr. Urbana-Champaign: Univ. of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science. (Occasional Papers, no. 212), 2002. 37p. $8 (ISBN: 0878451218). ISSN 0276-1769.
        date: 2003-05-01
       words: 2112
      flesch: 48
     summary: These essays are each excel- lent, provocative, and readable works that reflect the deserved stature of their authors in the field of American library history. It has long been a major problem in American library history that the only com- petent biographical treatment of Justin Winsor has been that of Joseph A. Boromé completed as a doctoral dissertation at Co- lumbia in 1950.
    keywords: boston; false; library; true
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        item: #3683 of 5668
          id: crl-15605
      author: Kuh, George D.; Gonyea, Robert M.
       title: The Role of the Academic Library in Promoting Student Engagement in Learning
        date: 2003-07-01
       words: 12798
      flesch: 49
     summary: On average, college students spend as much time on the Internet as they do studying.3 At the same time, the informa­ tion highway introduces new challenges George D. Kuh and Robert M. Gonyea are affiliated with the College Student Experiences Questionnaire Research Program, Center for Postsecondary Research, Policy, and Planning, School of Education, at Indiana University Bloomington; e-mail: kuh@indiana.edu. 256 mailto:kuh@indiana.edu The Role of the Academic Library in Promoting Student Engagement in Learning 257 for librarians to meet.4 To state the obvi­ ous, not everything available electroni­ cally is valid and reliable. There also is the possibility that, as mentioned earlier, stu­ dents use different baselines when report­ ing gains.50 Despite these limitations, the CSEQ research program represents one of the most extensive national databases with survey information from college students related to their quality of effort and gains from college.
    keywords: academic; college; education; experiences; higher; http; information; learning; library; literacy; research; students; use
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        item: #3684 of 5668
          id: crl-15607
      author: Casserly, Mary F.; Bird, James E.
       title: Web Citation Availability: Analysis and Implications for Scholarship
        date: 2003-07-01
       words: 10052
      flesch: 55
     summary: The findings of this study also confirm those of Davis and Cohen and of Lawrence and others in which a substan­ tial amount of cited Web content that could not be found at the cited URL was found elsewhere on the Web.34 The URLs also can be categorized as either navigation or content Web pages.
    keywords: availability; citations; content; information; internet; percent; researchers; study; urls; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15607.pdf
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        item: #3685 of 5668
          id: crl-15608
      author: Baird, Brian J.; Schaffner, Bradley L.
       title: Slow Fires Still Burn: Results of a Preservation Assessment of Libraries in L’viv, Ukraine, and Sofia, Bulgaria
        date: 2003-07-01
       words: 7726
      flesch: 52
     summary: This research is needed in order to develop a baseline of knowledge on the condition of library collections in East Central Europe similar to what we have for research libraries in the United States. The coun­ try is wealthy, and funding agencies within the country acknowledge the importance of library preservation and are willing to support such activities.
    keywords: collections; libraries; library; l’viv; materials; national; national library; preservation; slavic
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15608.pdf
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        item: #3686 of 5668
          id: crl-15610
      author: Harger, Elaine
       title: Books, Libraries, Reading & Publishing in the Cold War. Ed. Hermina G. B. Anghelescu and Martine Poulain. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, The Center for the Book, 2001. 297p. alk. paper, $25 (ISBN 084441056-X). LC 2001-41208.
        date: 2003-07-01
       words: 1887
      flesch: 45
     summary: These headings are proof positive that Cold War mentalities are alive and well (or maybe just on automatic pilot) at least in the cataloging department of the Library of Congress. For example, in her preface to the book, editor Martine Poulain, in noting the ideological dimen- sions, tensions, and manipulations of the Cold War, writes, “The free world, deci- mated by war, was seeking the rebirth of new ideas and the emergence of freedom of intellect.”
    keywords: false; true; war
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        item: #3687 of 5668
          id: crl-15611
      author: Collins, John W.
       title: The Future of the City of Intellect: The Changing American University. Ed. Steven Brint. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Pr., 2002. 353p. alk. paper, cloth $55 (ISBN 0804744203); paper $24.95 (ISBN 0804745315). LC 2002-1560.
        date: 2003-07-01
       words: 2602
      flesch: 51
     summary: The competitive challenge among universities requires that they have the best facilities (libraries?), the best faculty, and the best social and cul- tural components to enhance campus life. They include: “Credential Infla- tion and the Future of the University”; “Universities and Knowledge: Universi- ties in a Key Marketplace”; “The New World of Knowledge Production in the Life Sciences”; “Becoming Digital: The Challenges of Weaving Technology throughout Higher Education”; “The Au- dit of Virtuality: Universities in the Atten- tion Economy”; “New Business Models for Higher Education”; The Disciplines and the Future”; “The Rise of the ‘Practical Arts’”; “The Political Economy of Curricu- lum-Making in American Universities”; “The ‘Academic Revolution’ Revisited”; and “University Transformation: Primary Pathways to University Autonomy and Achievement.”
    keywords: book; false; indexes; true; university
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        item: #3688 of 5668
          id: crl-15612
      author: Briscoe, Peter
       title: Indexers and Indexes in Fact & Fiction. Ed. Hazel K. Bell. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Pr., 2001. 160p. $22.95 (ISBN 080208494X).
        date: 2003-07-01
       words: 1937
      flesch: 53
     summary: After a stimulating foreword by A. S. Byatt and a concise introduction on the history and qualities of indexes, the book is arranged into three sections: I. Indexes in Fact; II. Fiction and Verse with Indexes; III. Indexers and Indexes in Fact & Fiction.
    keywords: false; indexes; library; true
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        item: #3689 of 5668
          id: crl-15614
      author: Wheeler, William J.
       title: Wagner, Ralph D. A History of the Farmington Plan. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2002. 441p. alk. paper, $69.50 (ISBN 0810842599). LC 2002-17624.
        date: 2003-07-01
       words: 1901
      flesch: 45
     summary: Wagner, Ralph D. A History of the Farmington Plan. Libraries ultimately lose if they do not stand together, yet their failure to stand together on some deals likely stems from many of the same underlying issues that afflicted Farmington Plan partner- ships.
    keywords: false; farmington; plan; true
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        item: #3690 of 5668
          id: crl-15617
      author: Nichols, James; Shaffer, Barbara; Shockey, Karen
       title: Changing the Face of Instruction: Is Online or In-class More Effective?
        date: 2003-09-01
       words: 5841
      flesch: 51
     summary: All three instructors also required a library research assignment and agreed to distrib- ute sections evenly between those taking the online tutorial and those receiving in- class instruction. Adoption of this tutorial as the standard meant tremendous time saving for reference staff, and plans were under way in 1996 to increase access by mounting the tutorial on the Web.3 With the integration of Internet tech- nologies into library instruction, use of an online tutorial became a time- and cost- saving alternative that would deliver con- sistent content to large numbers of stu- dents.
    keywords: information; instruction; library; online; students; tutorial
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        item: #3691 of 5668
          id: crl-15618
      author: Seaman, Scott; Krismann, Carol; Carter, Nancy
       title: Salary Market Equity at the University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries: A Case Study Follow-up
        date: 2003-09-01
       words: 6476
      flesch: 53
     summary: And, in fact, throughout the four-year period, market salaries did in- crease at different rates for different posi- tion classifications. There were also notable successes in raising specific continuing clas- sifications of faculty to market salaries.
    keywords: equity; libraries; market; mean; university
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        item: #3692 of 5668
          id: crl-15619
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books, 2002–2003
        date: 2003-09-01
       words: 5357
      flesch: 60
     summary: This recent addition to the collection of atlases contains historical maps of the United States arranged chronologically in twenty-one parts starting with the prehis- 408 College & Research Libraries £35; 1st ed., 1897; 6th ed., 1997.
    keywords: encyclopedia; entries; history; index; maps; new; reference; volume
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        item: #3693 of 5668
          id: crl-15620
      author: Mitchell, W. Bede
       title: Gorman, Michael. The Enduring Library: Technology, Tradition, and the Quest for Balance. Chicago: ALA, 2003. 157p. $35 (ISBN 0838908462). LC 2002-151679.
        date: 2003-09-01
       words: 2537
      flesch: 47
     summary: In the past few years, Michael Gorman has published several books and articles that address the hype about technology and the notion that libraries and librar- ians have no future. His examination of the evolution of commu- nications demonstrates that new tech- nologies were causing our predecessors at the beginning of the twentieth century to ask the same questions about the fu- ture of libraries that we are asking now.
    keywords: false; gorman; library; true
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        item: #3694 of 5668
          id: crl-15621
      author: Finnegan, Gregory A.
       title: Libraries in the Information Society. Ed. Tatiana V. Ershova and Yuri E. Hohlov. Munchen: Saur (IFLA Publications, 102), 2002. 172p. 58 EUR; 43.50 EUR for IFLA members (ISBN 359821832X).
        date: 2003-09-01
       words: 1947
      flesch: 48
     summary: For example, South Africa aside, Internet-connected comput- ers in Africa jumped from “around 290” to “almost 10,000” from 1995 to 1998; Rutgers University saw a 23 percent drop in reference questions from 1996–1997 to 1998–1999. It is too bad we cannot make it required reading for university administrators, pub- lic library board members, and in what used to be library schools.
    keywords: false; libraries; papers; true
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        item: #3695 of 5668
          id: crl-15622
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: Lowenstein, Joseph. The Author’s Due: Printing and the Prehistory of Copyright. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Pr., 2002. 349p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 0226490408). LC 2002-552.
        date: 2003-09-01
       words: 1928
      flesch: 47
     summary: Six authors are from the United Kingdom; five from the United States; two each from Russia, China, Den- mark, and India; and one each from Aus- tralia, Germany, South Korea, Namibia, Mexico, and Canada. Four pa- pers chiefly discuss libraries in the U.K., three the U.S., with others covering Af- rica in general, South Asia in general, In- dia in particular, and Germany, Denmark, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and China.
    keywords: book; false; libraries; true
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        item: #3696 of 5668
          id: crl-15623
      author: Veaner, Allen B.
       title: McSherry, Corynne. Who Owns Academic Work? Battling for Control of Intellectual Property. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Pr., 2001. 275p. alk. paper, $29.95 (ISBN 0674006291). LC 2001-24463.
        date: 2003-09-01
       words: 3797
      flesch: 52
     summary: As the concept of wealth moved from precious metals to land and petroleum, and from those to invisible bits and bytes coursing through networks, it has become universally clear that intellectual property is destined to be the gold of the twenty- first century. The introductory chapter clearly illus- trates how the question of ownership of intellectual property goes far beyond the academic realm, where ownership rights to a faculty member’s lectures have tra- ditionally been a key issue.
    keywords: book; false; intellectual; mcsherry; property; true; work
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        item: #3697 of 5668
          id: crl-15624
      author: Greene, Harlan
       title: Raven, James. London Booksellers and American Customers: Transatlantic Literary Community and the Charleston Library Society, 1748–1811. Columbia: Univ. of South Carolina Pr. (The Carolina Lowcountry and the Atlantic World), 2002. 522p. alk. paper, $59.95 (ISBN 1570034060). LC 2001-3345.
        date: 2003-09-01
       words: 1937
      flesch: 51
     summary: It sets forth the author’s nearly fifty years of work with rare books, special collec- tions, and manuscripts through a series of anecdotes and vignettes, mostly about book collectors, librarians, and other rare book dealers he has known during his career. Rota also has published Apart from the Text and numerous articles and book catalogs, and he has lectured extensively on rare books and book collecting.
    keywords: book; false; society; true
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        item: #3698 of 5668
          id: crl-15625
      author: Boyer, Larry
       title: Rota, Anthony. Books in the Blood: Memoirs of a Fourth Generation Bookseller. Pinner, Middlesex, Eng.: Private Libraries Association; New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press, 2002. 313p. $35 (ISBN 0900002964 [U.K.]; 1584560762 [U.S.]). LC 2002-405109.
        date: 2003-09-01
       words: 1612
      flesch: 49
     summary: It sets forth the author’s nearly fifty years of work with rare books, special collec- tions, and manuscripts through a series of anecdotes and vignettes, mostly about book collectors, librarians, and other rare book dealers he has known during his career. Rota also has published Apart from the Text and numerous articles and book catalogs, and he has lectured extensively on rare books and book collecting.
    keywords: book; false; true
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        item: #3699 of 5668
          id: crl-15626
      author: Shill, Harold B.; Tonner, Shawn
       title: Creating a Better Place: Physical Improvements in Academic Libraries, 1995–2002
        date: 2003-11-01
       words: 18604
      flesch: 43
     summary: Environmental Factors Despite that flurry of building activity, the central importance of library facilities in higher education planning is no longer assured. However, in an era of escalating technology costs and compet- ing institutional claims for limited capital project resources, it is reasonable for aca- demic administrators to ask whether en- hanced library facilities will provide edu- cational benefits sufficient to justify the investment of scarce resources.
    keywords: academic; access; building; college; facilities; facility; libraries; library; new; number; percent; project; public; research; space; study; survey; usage; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15626.pdf
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        item: #3700 of 5668
          id: crl-15627
      author: Ackerson, Linda G.; Chapman, Karen
       title: Identifying the Role of Multidisciplinary Journals in Scientific Research
        date: 2003-11-01
       words: 5787
      flesch: 45
     summary: cientific communication is ex- pressed in a wide array of for- mal methods, but especially as journal articles. Dur- ing the 1970s, life science articles began to appear more frequently in this journal.
    keywords: articles; journals; multidisciplinary; research; sample; sciences
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        item: #3701 of 5668
          id: crl-15628
      author: Mark, Amy E.; Boruff-Jones, Polly D.
       title: Information Literacy and Student Engagement: What the National Survey of Student Engagement Reveals about Your Campus
        date: 2003-11-01
       words: 6609
      flesch: 37
     summary: Iannuzzi lays out four levels at which we can assess information literacy outcomes: within the library; in the classroom; on campus; and beyond the campus.69 One of the ALA’s primary agendas reflects the necessity of assessing information literacy on a pro- grammatic level.70 Because library instruc- tion does not have an undergraduate pro- gram, compared to assessing student learning of psychology or biology majors, one route for programmatic assessment is to take a snapshot of information lit- eracy at an institutional level. Maughan states, “to establish a baseline of student skills around which an information literacy program might be built; to assess the effectiveness of particu- lar library instruction sessions or ap- proaches to instruction; to determine the impact of library instruction programs on student information literacy skills and academic success; and to generate data with which to communicate with fac- ulty.”
    keywords: assessment; information; information literacy; learning; library; literacy; outcomes; student
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15628.pdf
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        item: #3702 of 5668
          id: crl-15629
      author: Macklin, Alexius Smith
       title: Theory into Practice: Applying David Jonassen’s Work in Instructional Design to Instruction Programs in Academic Libraries
        date: 2003-11-01
       words: 3930
      flesch: 46
     summary: There are many types of problem situ- ations. He 498 College & Research Libraries November 2003 differentiates between well-structured problems (story or word problems in mathematics textbooks) and ill-structured problems (situations in everyday life), and explains that when the nature of problems differs, so, too, must the instruc- tional design used to support the devel- opment of problem-solving skills.9 The point is to find a problem that is of inter- est and engages learners to think.
    keywords: information; instruction; learning; problem; students
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        item: #3703 of 5668
          id: crl-15630
      author: Daniels, Tim
       title: Children in the Digital Age: Influences of Electronic Media on Development. Eds. Sandra L. Calvert, Amy B. Jordan, and Rodney R. Cocking. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2002. 260p. alk. paper, $49.95 (ISBN 0275976521). LC 2002-19509.
        date: 2003-11-01
       words: 1840
      flesch: 45
     summary: The studies also show that, at least in the short run, computer media tend to en- hance spatial and attention skills and that e-mail and chat have a positive effect on communication skills. Use patterns point to the fact that as interactive media become more wide- spread, users of both sexes tend to replace one medium with the next, so time pre- viously spent watching television is be- ing replaced by time spent play- ing computer games and on the Internet.
    keywords: false; media; true
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        item: #3704 of 5668
          id: crl-15633
      author: Michalski, David
       title: Sapp, Gregg. A Brief History of the Future of Libraries: An Annotated Library. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Pr., 2002. 295p. alk. paper, $65 (ISBN 0810841967). LCCN 2001-49550.
        date: 2003-11-01
       words: 1871
      flesch: 45
     summary: Knowing what ac- tually took place in libraries is, of course, a more difficult historical undertaking. This book contains five essays that sur- vey the library literature, written between 1876 and 1999, for writing and research concerning the future of libraries.
    keywords: false; library; true
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        item: #3705 of 5668
          id: crl-15634
      author: Jagodzinski, Cecile M.
       title: Lives in Print: Biography and the Book Trade from the Middle Ages to the 21st Century. Eds. Robin Myers, Michael Harris, and Giles Mandelbrote. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Pr.; London: British Library (Publishing Pathways), 2002. 208p. $39.95 (ISBN 1584560940; 0712347968). LC 2002-28304.
        date: 2003-11-01
       words: 2612
      flesch: 50
     summary: In Library Service to African Americans in Kentucky, Reinette F. Jones has written a compelling and important book for both Kentucky and library history. Sapp uses F. W. Lancaster’s Toward a Paperless Society (1978) to set the stage for a continuing debate about the role of libraries in a digital environment.
    keywords: book; false; history; library; true
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        item: #3706 of 5668
          id: crl-15635
      author: Wilson, Jane R.
       title: Jones, Reinette F. Library Service to African Americans in Kentucky, from the Reconstruction Era to the 1960s. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2002. 200p. alk. paper, $39.95 (ISBN 0786411546). LC 2001-52118.
        date: 2003-11-01
       words: 1458
      flesch: 44
     summary: In Library Service to African Americans in Kentucky, Reinette F. Jones has written a compelling and important book for both Kentucky and library history. These articles are useful only as starting points for further research and do less to add to our picture of the ways in which individual lives contribute to the entire social history of books and the book trade.
    keywords: book; false; true
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        item: #3707 of 5668
          id: crl-15636
      author: Davis, Philip M.
       title: Letters to the Editor
        date: 2004-01-01
       words: 551
      flesch: 52
     summary: Few ARL library budgets have been able to keep up with the rate of price inflation for materials resulting in fewer purchased periodicals and monographs (ARL, 2001). This is a valid methodology if the focus of analysis is on identifying differences in individual graduate publications – it is not an accurate methodology for evalu- ating an entire library’s collection or for justifying collection policies.
    keywords: collection
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        item: #3708 of 5668
          id: crl-15637
      author: Smith, Erin T.
       title: Response from Erin Smith:
        date: 2004-01-01
       words: 551
      flesch: 52
     summary: Few ARL library budgets have been able to keep up with the rate of price inflation for materials resulting in fewer purchased periodicals and monographs (ARL, 2001). This is a valid methodology if the focus of analysis is on identifying differences in individual graduate publications – it is not an accurate methodology for evalu- ating an entire library’s collection or for justifying collection policies.
    keywords: collection
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15637.pdf
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        item: #3709 of 5668
          id: crl-15639
      author: Van Kampen, Doris J.
       title: Development and Validation of the Multidimensional Library Anxiety Scale
        date: 2004-01-01
       words: 4114
      flesch: 58
     summary: In part two, 278 participants completed a revised questionnaire consisting of a 54-item Likert-type scale that assessed levels of library anxiety experienced by students enrolled in a doctoral degree–granting program at an urban southeastern university. From her research, Mellon developed a theory about library anxiety, which stated, “When confronted with the need to gather information in the library … many students become so anxious that they are unable to approach the problem logically or effectively.”9
    keywords: anxiety; factor; library; research; scale; students
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        item: #3710 of 5668
          id: crl-15640
      author: Graham, Rumi Y.
       title: Subject No-hits Searches in an Academic Library Online Catalog: An Exploration of Two Potential Ameliorations
        date: 2004-01-01
       words: 9991
      flesch: 52
     summary: Other fac­ tors that may account for some of the ob­ served differences in the results of these studies and perhaps may reduce their comparability are the variety of online catalog systems studied, the use of vari­ ant definitions of subject searches or no- hits searches, and variations in data col­ lection, sampling, or analysis methods.48 At the same time, the database enhance­ ments explored in the present study may have played a role in the slight reduction in the frequency of subject no-hits search results. Both comparisons reveal that frequen­ cies of all searches (figure 3) as well as no- hits searches (figure 4) across the five types of search indexes were quite similar, thereby suggesting that the sample week was not atypical of searching done over the full year.
    keywords: catalog; hits; hits searches; lcsh; library; online; records; searches; searching; study; subject; users
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        item: #3711 of 5668
          id: crl-15642
      author: Veaner, Allen B.
       title: Bok, Derek. Universities in the Marketplace: The Commercialization of Higher Education. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Pr., 2003. 233p. alk. paper, $22.95 (ISBN 0691114129). LC 2002-29267.
        date: 2004-01-01
       words: 2550
      flesch: 57
     summary: The purpose of Bok’s Universities in the Marketplace: The Commercialization of Higher Education is to investigate the history of aca­ demic connections to commerce, assess the consequences of such alliances, and exam­ ine their potential impact. When that effort failed, Columbia filed new patent claims that would have guaranteed it seventeen more years of a multimillion­dollar income.1 Many universities have gained great wealth by allying themselves with the commercial sector, licensing their patents or otherwise associating themselves with large­scale industries.2 Although modern American universities may not all be ex­ actly rolling in money, many have found ways to tap wealth undreamed of only a generation ago.
    keywords: academic; bok; higher; universities; university
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        item: #3712 of 5668
          id: crl-15643
      author: Arlen, Shelley
       title: Charleston Conference Proceedings 2001. Ed. Katina Strauch. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2003. 222p. $45 (ISBN 1591580730). LC 2003-535343.
        date: 2004-01-01
       words: 1319
      flesch: 52
     summary: To help readers understand the ethics codes of the library profession in a global context, the editor of this book compiled a list of potentially divisive issues as they concern librarians and library associa­ tions internationally: globalization, digi­ tal inclusiveness, privacy, authenticity, confidentiality, trust and censorship, copyright, intellectual property rights, gray literature, electronic filters, confi­ dence in cyberspace, as well as the digi­ tal gap between the information rich and poor, the commercialization of informa­ tion versus interactive online public ser­ vices, and the consequences of the Gen­ http:http://www.ifla.org http:http://www.infa.org The goal of OhioLINK (and any library) is to provide “economically sustainable in­ creased information access,” but libraries are losing ground each year trying to meet this ideal.
    keywords: information; librarians; library
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        item: #3713 of 5668
          id: crl-15644
      author: Zhang, Sha Li
       title: The Ethics of Librarianship: An International Survey. Ed. Robert W. Vaagan. Munchen, Germany: K.G. Saur (IFLA Publications, 101), 2002. 344p. alk. paper, $58 (ISBN 3598218311). LC 2003-437710.
        date: 2004-01-01
       words: 1951
      flesch: 52
     summary: Today, courses on library ethics are taught in every li­ brary science program in Russia. The authors are from seventeen countries, including the United States; they discuss the historical back­ ground of librarianship, the role of pro­ fessional library associations, the develop­ ment of ethics codes, and the foundations and philosophies on which ethics codes are based in their respective countries.
    keywords: ethics; information; librarians; library
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        item: #3714 of 5668
          id: crl-15645
      author: Clement, Susanne K.
       title: Expectations of Librarians in the 21st Century. Foreword by Leigh Estabrook. Ed. Karl Bridges. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood (Greenwood Library Management Collection), 2003. 235p. alk. paper, $67.95 (ISBN 0313322945). LC 2002-28438.
        date: 2004-01-01
       words: 1247
      flesch: 56
     summary: Though many of the job skills required by academic librarians also pertain to public and special librarians, my experience in special libraries leads me to conclude that jobs outside academia would place greater emphasis on commu­ nication, marketing, budgeting, and analyti­ cal skills. This collection of essays will cer­ tainly be of interest to future librarians, but seasoned professionals also will find much that is thought provoking.
    keywords: essays; librarians
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        item: #3715 of 5668
          id: crl-15646
      author: Zanin-Yost, Alessia
       title: High-Level Subject Access Tools and Techniques in Internet Cataloging. Ed. Judith R. Ahronheim. Binghamton, N.Y.: Haworth, 2002. (Copublished simultaneously as Journal of Internet Cataloging, vol. 5, no. 4.) 115p. alk. paper, cloth $39.95 (ISBN 0789020246); paper $24.95 (ISBN 0789020254). LC 2002-151190.
        date: 2004-01-01
       words: 1282
      flesch: 57
     summary: These articles suggest a series of ideas, prob­ lems, and solutions to the application of online subject classification. Though many of the job skills required by academic librarians also pertain to public and special librarians, my experience in special libraries leads me to conclude that jobs outside academia would place greater emphasis on commu­ nication, marketing, budgeting, and analyti­ cal skills.
    keywords: history; internet; librarians
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        item: #3716 of 5668
          id: crl-15647
      author: Garrett, Jeffrey
       title: Smith, Abby. New-Model Scholarship: How Will It Survive? Washington, D.C.: Council on Library and Information Resources, 2003. 49p. $15 (ISBN 1887334998). Also available online from http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub114/pub114.pdf.
        date: 2004-01-01
       words: 1730
      flesch: 47
     summary: Smith also looks at digital preservation as practiced by commercial and university publishers, by the government (led by the Library of 88 College & Research Libraries Congress), and also by such public initia­ tives as the Internet Archive, which has been storing snapshots of the entire Web since 1996 and successfully attracting sup­ port from many corporations and private individuals. Of special relevance to librar­ ians is the author ’s view that even the “smallest preservation and curatorial insti­ tutions” have a role to play in a future na­ tionally organized digital preservation in­ frastructure, but that there will not be a need to replicate full-scale digital preservation activities at each and every node in that in­ frastructure because many functions will be most efficiently consolidated in a number of regional repositories, parts of a national distributed network.
    keywords: digital; new; scholarship; smith
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        item: #3717 of 5668
          id: crl-15648
      author: Small, Ruth V.; Zakaria, Nasriah; El-Figuigui, Houria
       title: Motivational Aspects of Information Literacy Skills Instruction in Community College Libraries
        date: 2004-03-01
       words: 12784
      flesch: 52
     summary: In a study that investigated which fac­ tors college students considered to be most effective in avoiding and causing boredom, Small, Dodge, and Jiang found that stu­ dents perceived their instructors to be the primary source of their learning interest and boredom.27 The factors students con­ sidered most likely to cause learning bore­ dom were a dry, monotone delivery style; repetition of information students already knew; the presentation of irrelevant infor­ mation; and a lack of variety of teaching methods. Burdick emphasizes the impor­ tance of information skills instruction that develops both ability (i.e., knowledge and skills) and desire (i.e., motivation).19 http:motivation).19 http:legally.18 http:courses.15 http:learning.14 http:skills.13 http:dents.12 98 College & Research Libraries March 2004
    keywords: college; community; information; instruction; learning; lesson; library; literacy; motivational; research; site; skills; strategies; students
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        item: #3718 of 5668
          id: crl-15650
      author: Nisonger, Thomas E.
       title: Citation Autobiography: An Investigation of ISI Database Coverage in Determining Author Citedness
        date: 2004-03-01
       words: 7115
      flesch: 58
     summary: The definition and classification of Web citations are discussed. The author thanks his two graduate assistants at Indiana University’s School of Library and Information Science, Jason Cooper and Leah Broaddus, who helped tabulate data; his wife, Claire Nisonger, who helped search for Web citations; and Debora Shaw, Interim Dean of the School, who kindly shared one of her unpublished manuscripts with him.
    keywords: author; citations; isi; percent; print; science; total; web
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        item: #3719 of 5668
          id: crl-15651
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books, 2003
        date: 2004-03-01
       words: 8199
      flesch: 62
     summary: As a result, Keaney has expanded the canon of film noir to include westerns, comedies, and period films. The concept that the action of film noir must be grounded in a 168 College & Research Libraries March 2004 contemporary setting excludes Westerns and period films.
    keywords: entries; film; guide; history; index; isbn; new; noir; reference; set; titles; volume; war; work
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        item: #3720 of 5668
          id: crl-15653
      author: Rhodes, Kelly C.
       title: A Compelling Interest: Examining the Evidence on Racial Dynamics in Colleges and Universities. Eds. Mitchell J. Chang, Daria Witt, James Jones, and Kenji Hakuta. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Pr., 2003. 246p. alk. paper, cloth $49.50 (ISBN 0804740348); paper $19.95 (ISBN 0804740356). LC 2001-151608.
        date: 2004-03-01
       words: 2551
      flesch: 44
     summary: Linda F. Wightman states that during the latter half of the twentieth century, standard- ized tests have played an “increasingly prominent role in the threat to diversity in higher education.” Chapter 4 discusses the social–psycho- logical evidence on race and racism, dem- onstrating the continuing relevance of this issue for diversity in higher education.
    keywords: diversity; false; higher; true
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        item: #3721 of 5668
          id: crl-15654
      author: Winston, Mark
       title: International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science, 2nd ed. Eds. John Feather and Paul Sturges. London and New York: Routledge. 2003. 688p. alk. paper, $195 (ISBN 0415259010). LC 2992-32699.
        date: 2004-03-01
       words: 1884
      flesch: 39
     summary: As the title suggests, the contributors and consultant editors represent a num- ber of parts of the world, primarily the United States and the United Kingdom, but also other European countries, Africa, Australia, Asia, South America, Canada, and Mexico. It is unrealistic to assume that any one volume could provide complete and even coverage of library systems and services on all continents and in all countries.
    keywords: false; international; library; true
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        item: #3722 of 5668
          id: crl-15655
      author: Lutz, Maija M.
       title: Libraries in Open Societies: Proceedings of the Fifth International Slavic Librarians’ Conference. Ed. Harold M. Leich. Binghamton, N.Y.: Haworth, 2002. 264p. alk. paper, $39.95 (ISBN 078901968X). LC 2002-5936.
        date: 2004-03-01
       words: 2536
      flesch: 47
     summary: As Marianna Tax Choldin points out in the opening essay of the volume, the international network- ing of Slavic librarians today is a far cry from the early efforts of a handful of li- brarians to attain an international presence in 1974 as part of the newly formed Inter- national Committee for Soviet and East European Studies. Without a doubt, for many libraries and collections exchange is no longer the cost-effective acquisitions tool that it once was.
    keywords: european; false; slavic; true
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        item: #3723 of 5668
          id: crl-15656
      author: Kotter, Wade
       title: Schonfeld, Roger C. JSTOR: A History. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Pr., 2003. 412p. acid-free paper, $29.95 cloth (ISBN 0691115311). LC 2002-035907.
        date: 2004-03-01
       words: 2575
      flesch: 50
     summary: In “Cartographic Materials as Works,” Scott R. McEathron states: very little has been written by map librarians on the current cataloging mechanisms available for providing descriptive access to works or on thinking of cartographic materials as works. Allyson Carlyle and Joel Summerlin attack the ambiguity of gathering works of fiction, seemingly the most straightfor- ward of works, in the online catalog, in “Transforming Catalog Displays: Record Clustering for Works of Fiction.”
    keywords: false; jstor; schonfeld; true
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        item: #3724 of 5668
          id: crl-15660
      author: Kellsey, Charlene; Knievel, Jennifer E.
       title: Global English in the Humanities? A Longitudinal Citation Study of Foreign-Language Use by Humanities Scholars
        date: 2004-05-01
       words: 5766
      flesch: 55
     summary: Philosophy and classics were equally extreme in their lack, or inclusion, of foreign citations. Although foreign citations declined over time as a percent- age of total citations, this does not actually reflect a decreased use of foreign sources.
    keywords: citations; foreign; humanities; language; study; total
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        item: #3725 of 5668
          id: crl-15661
      author: Orme, William A.
       title: A Study of the Residual Impact of the Texas Information Literacy Tutorial on the Information-Seeking Ability of First Year College Students
        date: 2004-05-01
       words: 5682
      flesch: 55
     summary: Students in cohorts where TILT was used were only included in the study if they passed the TILT quizzes at the designated threshold (a score of 90% or higher a er multiple quiz a empts), and students from non-TILT cohorts were included in the study if they completed the seminar course successfully. The study examined four groups of students, each of which received a different type of information skills instruction.
    keywords: information; instruction; library; students; study; tilt
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        item: #3726 of 5668
          id: crl-15662
      author: Dilevko, Juris; Dali, Keren
       title: Improving Collection Development and Reference Services for Interdisciplinary Fields through Analysis of Citation Patterns: An Example Using Tourism Studies
        date: 2004-05-01
       words: 12898
      flesch: 51
     summary: Studying tourism citations from 1994–1996, Richard M. Howey and colleagues found that 77.3 percent of citations in six tourism and hos- pitality journals came from other sources, although they did not define what they meant by “other sources.”40 But, as described above, the universities that employ tourism scholars who frequently publish in tourism research journals own a very large proportion of the core tourism research literature identified in table 4.
    keywords: articles; citations; disciplines; history; information; interdisciplinary; journal; research; scholars; social; studies; tourism
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        item: #3727 of 5668
          id: crl-15663
      author: Deyrup, Marta Mestrovic
       title: Is the Revolution Over? Gender, Economic, and Professional Parity in Academic Library Leadership Positions
        date: 2004-05-01
       words: 4891
      flesch: 48
     summary: lthough women librarians have long been in the majority at academic libraries, they have recently risen to key leadership positions in the profession.1 At the most prestigious university libraries, the 124 Association of Research Library (ARL) in- stitutions,2 women comprise 52.1 percent of all top administrators and serve as the ma- jority on ARL’s board of directors.3,4 These are impressive gains when one considers that in 1972 women accounted for only 4.6 percent of library directors at these research universities.5 Women also occupy the ma- jority of positions on the executive board and officers’ list of the ALA and the board of directors of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL).6,7 However, these numbers ob- scure the fact that women library directors at the top institutions are generally much be er compensated.
    keywords: academic; directors; leadership; libraries; library; women
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        item: #3728 of 5668
          id: crl-15664
      author: Attig, John; Copeland, Ann; Pelikan, Michael
       title: Context and Meaning: The Challenges of Metadata for a Digital Image Library within the University
        date: 2004-05-01
       words: 6009
      flesch: 52
     summary: The provision of digital images for higher education has been an active area for research, design, and production projects in recent years. A smaller, but significant, number are using digital images (50% of faculty and 45% of stu- dents), and many more expect to increase their use of digital images in the next three years (75% of both faculty and students). • Potential users of a digital image li- brary (faculty members, in particular) are more concerned about content-related is- sues than they are about retrieval-related issues; they are less concerned with how to discover images than with whether the image library will contain relevant images at all.
    keywords: content; digital; elements; images; learning; library; metadata
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        item: #3729 of 5668
          id: crl-15666
      author: Welburn, William C.
       title: Drahos, Peter, with John Braithwaite. Information Feudalism: Who Owns the Knowledge Economy? New York: The New Press, 2003. 253p. alk. paper $25.95 (ISBN 1565848047). LC 2002-41069.
        date: 2004-05-01
       words: 1143
      flesch: 47
     summary: Because the authors approach their topic from a different perspective from that of other major texts on intellectual property, their view will likely enhance the general dialogue on public knowledge, property rights, and the future of the information commons.—William C. Welburn, Univer- sity of Arizona. Newspaper and maga- zine articles, Web logs, and monographs abound as their authors consider the legal, social, cultural, and moral entangle- ments of governmental, corporate, and individual interests in accessing and using information and defining what constitutes public knowledge.
    keywords: authors; information
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        item: #3730 of 5668
          id: crl-15667
      author: Williams, Elizabeth M.
       title: Janes, Joseph. Introduction to Reference Work in the Digital Age. New York: Neal Shuman, 2003. 213p. alk. paper, $59.95 (ISBN 1555704298). LC 2003-52739.
        date: 2004-05-01
       words: 1185
      flesch: 52
     summary: He also discusses a favorite topic of reference librarians, the “reference interview,” in light of the changing nature of reference. Joseph Janes has written a comprehen- sive, yet concise, account of where, when, how, and why reference librarians should embrace the digital reference revolution in Introduction to Reference Work in the Digital Age.
    keywords: janes; reference
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        item: #3731 of 5668
          id: crl-15669
      author: Riggs, Donald E.
       title: Musings, Meanderings, and Monsters, Too: Essays on Academic Librarianship. Ed. Martin H. Raish. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Pr., 2003. 195p. alk. paper, $24.95 (ISBN 0810847671). LC 2003-2085.
        date: 2004-05-01
       words: 1116
      flesch: 50
     summary: Without this slant, the reader could prematurely conclude that the seriousness about the “sky is falling on academic librarianship” is a bit too much. Change in academic librarianship con- tinues to occur at an unprecedented rate and no slowdown is expected.
    keywords: academic; change
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        item: #3732 of 5668
          id: crl-15670
      author: Hyde, Gene
       title: Zorich, Diane M. A Survey of Digital Cultural Heritage Initiatives and Their Sustainability Concerns. Washington, D.C.: Council on Library and Information Resources, 2003. 47p. $20 (ISBN 1932326022).
        date: 2004-05-01
       words: 964
      flesch: 47
     summary: Although not a panacea for the dire economic situation faced by many DCHIs, Zorich’s study does offer sound suggestions that can help strengthen DCHIs and assist them find their way to sustainability. Not only are DCHIs having a tough time weathering the current eco- nomic climate, many are facing a potential crisis of economic sustainability.
    keywords: dchis; sustainability
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        item: #3733 of 5668
          id: crl-15671
      author: Wright, Carol A.
       title: The Academic Library as a Gateway to the Internet: An Analysis of the Extent and Nature of Search Engine Access from Academic Library Home Pages
        date: 2004-07-01
       words: 5517
      flesch: 49
     summary: Specifically, • Use of direct terms “Web” or “Inter- net”: Only thirty-two (28%) of the 114 library sites studied used sufficiently descriptive terms, specifically, “Web” or “Internet,” to ensure that users would link to Internet search engine pages on TABLE 1 Descriptive Terms Used to Describe Paths to Search Engines, Guides, and Tutorials Term Frequency Search the Internet 6 Internet search engines 5 Web search 5 Internet searching 2 Search the Web 2 Explore Internet 1 Internet 1 Internet resources 1 Internet search tools 1 Internet sites for research The author conducted a study of the home pages of 114 academic libraries that belong to the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) to determine their paths to Internet search engines.
    keywords: information; internet; libraries; library; search; web
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        item: #3734 of 5668
          id: crl-15672
      author: Lener, Edward F.; Pencek, Bruce; Ariew, Susan
       title: Raising the Bar: An Approach to Reviewing and Revising Standards for Professional Achievement for Library Faculty
        date: 2004-07-01
       words: 6787
      flesch: 48
     summary: Promotion and tenure policies for collegiate faculty are spelled out in great detail in the university’s Faculty Handbook, with more limited guidelines provided for the extra-collegiate faculties.3 The handbook explicitly acknowledges that library faculty promotion and continued appointment deliberations are governed by a separate document, Procedures on Promotion and Continued Appointment: University Libraries, developed by the Li- brary Faculty Association (LFA) and the dean of libraries, the revision of which is the focus of this article. (Prior to 1983, library faculty were awarded tenure under the same rules as collegiate faculty.
    keywords: commi; document; faculty; libraries; library; promotion; research; university
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        item: #3735 of 5668
          id: crl-15673
      author: Ercegovac, Zorana; Richardson, John V.
       title: Academic Dishonesty, Plagiarism Included, in the Digital Age: A Literature Review
        date: 2004-07-01
       words: 10076
      flesch: 53
     summary: Her definition comes from several sources, including Black’s Law Dictionary, The Oxford English Dictionary, Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged, and K. R. St. Onge’s work, The Melancholy Anatomy of Plagiarism.26 In one of her general education classes at Colgate University, Rebecca Moore Howard found that one-third of her stu- dents plagiarized an assigned paper.27 She characterized student plagiarism as “patchwriting,” which she defined as “copying from a source text and then de- leting some words, altering grammatical structures, or plugging in one synonym for another.” In competitive classrooms across the board, under parent pressure to produce high grades, many students, including those from professional schools, have been found guilty of academic miscon- duct and plagiarism.154–157 This finding has been well documented with scores of studies about high school students by Niels.158 Kibler divided his literature review into “Personal Characteristics of Cheaters” and “Situational Factors In- volved in a Student’s Decision Whether to Cheat.”
    keywords: academic; academic dishonesty; age; cheating; college; dishonesty; education; literature; moral; plagiarism; research; school; students
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        item: #3736 of 5668
          id: crl-15676
      author: Hutcherson, Norman B.
       title: Library Jargon: Student Recognition of Terms and Concepts Commonly Used by Librarians in the Classroom 
        date: 2004-07-01
       words: 2731
      flesch: 47
     summary: The second survey, which did not change during the Library Jargon 351 TABLE 2 Second Survey: Ranking of Terms from Least to Most Understood Terms % Correct Terms % Correct Controlled vocabulary 18.10% Search statement 63.80% Informa- tion need 34.90% Journal 74.50% Abstract 36.20% Call number 83.20% Article 47.00% Synonym 89.90% Citation 51.70% Copyright 91.30% Authority 57.70% Research 94.00% Collection 59.70% Plagiarism 100.00% Catalog 61.70% Looking beyond the present study, it is useful to compare results with two previous studies listed in the literature review for validating the process and procedures used during the present study TABLE 3 Overall Ranking of Terms from Least to Most Understood Terms % Correct Terms % Correct Boolean logic 8.10% Search statement 63.80% Bibliography 14.90% Fair use 67.60%
    keywords: library; number; terms
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        item: #3737 of 5668
          id: crl-15677
      author: Hakeem, Rashidah Z.
       title: Acquisition in Different and Special Subject Areas. Ed. Abulfazal M. Fazle Kabir for Acquisitions Librarian (no. 29, 2003). New York: Haworth, 2003. 122p. alk. paper, cloth $24.95 (ISBN 0789022893); paper $19.95 (ISBN 0789022907). LC 2003-12879.
        date: 2004-07-01
       words: 1034
      flesch: 40
     summary: This author, too, feels that collection policies are critical for defining the purpose and profile of the collection. The librarian was asked to develop collections to support a curriculum offering language instruc- tion in Hindi and Sanskrit and classes in the philosophy, religion, and culture of India.
    keywords: collection; web
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        item: #3738 of 5668
          id: crl-15678
      author: Conaway, Charles Wm.
       title: Bastian, Jeannette Allis. Owning Memory: How a Caribbean Community Lost its Archives and Found its History. (Contributions in Librarianship and Information Science, no. 99). Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2003. 106p. alk. paper, $59 (ISBN 031332008X). LC 2003-54609.
        date: 2004-07-01
       words: 1717
      flesch: 47
     summary: The treaty permitted the colonial archives to be removed to Copenhagen, and most of the records were, with the exception of recent police, court, and land records. With the creation of the U.S. National Archives in 1936, a Danish-speaking employee surveyed the content and condition of the remaining records and, in a series of shipments, nearly all the remaining records were sent to Washington, except for land and legis- lative records.
    keywords: collection; libraries; records
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        item: #3739 of 5668
          id: crl-15679
      author: Kuhlman, James R.
       title: Cooperative Efforts of Libraries. Ed. William Miller and Rita M. Pellen. New York: Haworth, 2002. 273p. cloth $59.95 (ISBN 0789021870); paper $34.95 (ISBN 0789021889). LC 2002-156756.
        date: 2004-07-01
       words: 1708
      flesch: 47
     summary: 1–2, of Resource Sharing & Information Networks (2002), offers a comprehensive makeup course in library cooperation. In today’s reality of overlap- ping consortia, many librarians will find Carolyn Sheehy and Bernie Sloan’s descrip- tion of Illinois’s long (late 1960s) history of academic library cooperation and the state’s 2002 initiative to unite several related col- laborations under a unifying council both instructive and helpful.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; state
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        item: #3740 of 5668
          id: crl-15680
      author: Shiflett, Lee
       title: Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, 2nd ed., Ed. Miriam A. Drake. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2003. 4 vols. alk. paper, $1,500 (ISBN 0824720776; 0824720784; 0824720792; 0824720806). LC 2003-48938.
        date: 2004-07-01
       words: 2436
      flesch: 53
     summary: There are separate biographical entries for Charles Ammi Cutter, John Cotton Dana, Melvil Dewey, and Shiyali Rama- mrita Ranganathan, but none for others who have shaped the field of librarianship or of information science. Even though there is evidence of significant new material and extensive revision of older entries, all of the articles here are presented as elements of a new 2003 edition of what should be a standard comprehensive and current work covering the entire field of library and information science.
    keywords: article; edition; information; library
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        item: #3741 of 5668
          id: crl-15681
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Patricia Okker. Social Stories: The Magazine Novel in Nineteenth-century America. Charlottesville and London: University of Virginia Pr., 2003. 202p. alk. paper, $37.50 (ISBN 0813922402). LC 2003-6547.
        date: 2004-07-01
       words: 1793
      flesch: 54
     summary: The enormous success of Dickens’s serial fiction on both sides of the Atlantic in the 1840s created a golden age of magazine fiction that lasted until the very end of the century, when economics and immigration changed the editorial practices at major magazines. At the very least, many of these essays should be welcomed into the canon of preservation literature.
    keywords: edition; library; okker
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        item: #3742 of 5668
          id: crl-15682
      author: Beasley, Brenda Gale
       title: The Strategic Stewardship of Cultural Resources: To Preserve and Protect. Ed. Andrea T. Merrill. New York: Haworth, 2003. 237p. alk. paper, cloth $59.95 (ISBN 0789020904); paper $39.95 (ISBN 0789020912). LC 2002-155851.
        date: 2004-07-01
       words: 1090
      flesch: 49
     summary: Editor Andrea T. Merrill of the Office of Security at the Library of Con- gress selected and arranged the essays in the following general groupings: • Challenges and risks associated with cultural stewardship; • Evaluation and strategies for secu- rity and preservation programs; • Aftermath of theft, disaster, vandal- ism, deterioration, and bad press; • Funding strategies for preservation and security; • Security and preservation risks and challenges in the digital environment; • Innovations in preservation and se- curity: buildings, people, and collections. Its twenty-two authors include deans of libraries, museum directors, spe- cial collections and rare books curators, facilities and security directors, preserva- tion librarians, digital access librarians, an imaging professional, and even the FBI’s
    keywords: preservation; security
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        item: #3743 of 5668
          id: crl-15683
      author: Antelman, Kristin
       title: Do Open-Access Articles Have a Greater Research Impact?
        date: 2004-09-01
       words: 6115
      flesch: 54
     summary: Although the term “open access” is somewhat fluid, included under its banner are the so-called “two roads to open access”: open-access journals and “e-print” (i.e., preprints or postprints) repositories, both of which make the full text of scholarly articles freely available to everyone on the open Internet.1 Al- though debate swirls around questions of copyright, peer review, and publishing costs, individual authors are taking action in this arena by posting their articles to personal or institutional Web pages and to disciplinary repositories. This study looks at articles in four disciplines at varying stages of adoption of open access—philosophy, political science, electrical and electronic engineering and mathematics—to see whether they have a greater im- pact as measured by citations in the ISI Web of Science database when their authors make them freely available on the Internet.
    keywords: access; articles; available; impact; journals; online; open; research
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        item: #3744 of 5668
          id: crl-15685
      author: Dalton, Margaret Stieg; Charnigo, Laurie
       title: Historians and Their Information Sources
        date: 2004-09-01
       words: 14127
      flesch: 52
     summary: A recent study by the Digital Library Historians and Their Information Sources 403 Federation, the Council on Library and Information Resources, and Outsell, Inc., gives a detailed statistical picture of the use of libraries and information sources by faculty and graduate students in all fields. Her conclusions were based on in-depth interviews conducted with twenty-five historians at the University of Maryland, College Park, in the fall 1988 semester.12 Citation studies, beginning with the dissertation done by Arthur Monroe McAnally at the University of Chicago in 1951 on the materials used in the study of U.S. history, look at information sources used by historians in a different way.
    keywords: books; electronic; historians; history; information; information sources; journal; library; research; secondary; sources; use
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        item: #3745 of 5668
          id: crl-15686
      author: Siebenberg, Tammy R.; Galbraith, Betty; Brady, Eileen E.
       title: Print versus Electronic Journal Use in Three Sci/Tech Disciplines: What’s Going On Here?
        date: 2004-09-01
       words: 6155
      flesch: 73
     summary: Interestingly, for all three disciplines, 52 percent of the print-only titles increased in print use and 56 percent of the print with e-access titles increased in print use. The authors then added the 2001 e-uses and noted the change in title use from 1998 to 2001.
    keywords: access; print; titles; uses
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        item: #3746 of 5668
          id: crl-15687
      author: McIlvaine, Eileen
       title: Selected Reference Books, 2003–20041
        date: 2004-09-01
       words: 7906
      flesch: 63
     summary: In comparison with The Encyclopedia of New England, by Robert O’Brien (1985; DB153), Holloran has fewer entries on institutions such as the Boston Public Library and colleges and universities in the region but has more entries on people such as governors, members of Congress, and business, religious, and cultural lead- ers. A brief introduction, 450 College & Research Libraries with entry references given in boldface, precedes the dictionary entries, which are followed by a select bibliography ar- ranged in broad subject categories.
    keywords: american; bibliography; british; cinema; dictionary; encyclopedia; entries; history; new; reference; volume; work
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        item: #3747 of 5668
          id: crl-15688
      author: Gray, Jody L.
       title: Brown, Michael F. Who Owns Native Culture? Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Pr., 2003. 315p. alk. paper, $29.95 (ISBN 0674011716). LC 2003-44978.
        date: 2004-09-01
       words: 1093
      flesch: 57
     summary: Brown, Lambert Professor of Anthropol- ogy and Latin American Studies at Wil- liams College, uses court cases, historical documentation, and personal interviews and experiences to demonstrate the conflicts that arise over own- ership of indigenous culture. Intellectual property rights are confusing even for contemporary, nonindigenous communities.
    keywords: book; brown
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        item: #3748 of 5668
          id: crl-15689
      author: Quintana, Isabel del Carmen
       title: Education for Cataloging and the Organization of Information: Pitfalls and the Pendulum. Ed. Janet Swan Hill. Binghamton, N.Y.: Haworth (published simultaneously as Cataloging and Classification Quarterly, v.34, nos. 1–3, 2002), 2002. 398p. alk. paper, cloth $79.95 (ISBN 0789020289); paper $49.95 (ISBN 0789020297). LC 2002-15053.
        date: 2004-09-01
       words: 1781
      flesch: 59
     summary: This book presents a clear examination of the current state of cataloging education, sets forth a brief synopsis of the history of education for catalogers, and explores where the future of cataloging educa- tion seems to be headed. I found it inspiring to read the opinions of these authors, who explore the problems concerning the education of catalogers, including the trend toward more theoreti- www.williams 456 College & Research Libraries cal teaching versus hands-on experience in cataloging classes.
    keywords: book; cataloging; education
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        item: #3749 of 5668
          id: crl-15692
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: James Moran. Wynkyn de Worde, Father of Fleet Street. 3rd. London; New Castle, Del.: The British Library and Oak Knoll Press, in association with the Wynkyn de Worde Society, 2003. 70p. $22.95 (ISBN 1584561041). LC 2003-53595.
        date: 2004-09-01
       words: 1207
      flesch: 66
     summary: Of this there is perhaps too much, frequently punctuated by the usual “must haves” and “could haves.” 460 College & Research Libraries In the meantime, “the history of the book” remained the province of antiquarians, book collectors, curators, and sundry printers—a dedicated band of amateurs who, nonetheless, did much of the basic spade work for later academics.
    keywords: book; worde
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        item: #3750 of 5668
          id: crl-15693
      author: Williams, James W.
       title: Sauperl, Alenka. Subject Determination during the Cataloging Process. Lanham, Md.: London: Scarecrow, 2002. 173p. alk. paper, $47.50 (ISBN 0810842890). LC 2001-57698.
        date: 2004-09-01
       words: 1523
      flesch: 62
     summary: The record for the book in hand (OCLC: 48588266) had two subjects: “Subject cataloging” and “Subject cata- loging—United States—Case studies.” Chapter seven discusses the author ’s findings in relation to earlier studies and the implication of those findings for cataloging education and cataloging in libraries.
    keywords: cataloging; subject
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        item: #3751 of 5668
          id: crl-15694
      author: Pilch, Janice T.
       title: Fair Use and Beyond: The Status of Copyright Limitations and Exceptions in the Commonwealth of Independent States
        date: 2004-11-01
       words: 21360
      flesch: 53
     summary: It allows instruc- tors to photocopy excerpts from books, journals, newspapers, and other works for classroom teaching, to quote from works in their publications, and to place course materials on reserve in print and electronically. There are several elements to the provi- sions across the laws: • personal use of works, subject to payment of remuneration (some laws specify payment for phonograms, and others specify payment for other works covered under neighboring rights as well); • use of excerpts (in some laws re- stricted to short excerpts) for reporting of current events, without consent of the right-holder and without payment of remuneration; • ephemeral recordings by a broad- casting organization using its own equip- ment and for the purposes of its own broadcasts (this is generally a separate provision and is discussed above); • use of a work for the exclusive pur- poses of teaching or scientific research, without consent of the right-holder and without payment of remuneration; • quotation of excerpts (in some laws restricted to short excerpts) for informa- http:research.38 tional purposes, without consent of the right-holder and without payment of remuneration; • use of literary, scientific, or artistic works in accordance with other limita- tions and exceptions in the respective laws, without consent of the right-holder and without payment of remuneration; • further stipulation that the limita- tions to neighboring rights provided for in the provision do not prejudice either the normal exploitation of the phonogram, performance, or program, or the normal exploitation of the literary, scientific, or artistic work incorporated into it, and not prejudice the lawful interests of the right-holder or the author.
    keywords: article; cis; copyright; exceptions; fair; fair use; laws; provision; reproduction; use; works; y es
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        item: #3752 of 5668
          id: crl-15695
      author: Wiberley, Stephen E.
       title: The Social Sciences: Who Won the ‘90s in Scholarly Book Publishing
        date: 2004-11-01
       words: 9127
      flesch: 56
     summary: this study of social science prizewinners, university presses are 50 percent (36 of 72) of all publishers whose books won prizes. Indeed, if one looks at the distribution of Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) numbers assigned to social sciences prizewinners by WorldCat, one gets a very differ- ent picture of the influence of history (900–909 and 920–999 in DDC) (table 4). http:HB-HJ).12 http:theory.11 The Social Sciences 515 Only geography has more than 20 percent anthropology and sociology in 300–309, of its prizewinners classed in DDC his-
    keywords: books; humanities; percent; prizes; prizewinners; sciences; social; social sciences
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        item: #3753 of 5668
          id: crl-15696
      author: Novotny, Eric
       title: I Don’t Think I Click: A Protocol Analysis Study of Use of a Library Online Catalog in the Internet Age
        date: 2004-11-01
       words: 7271
      flesch: 64
     summary: These findings clearly support giving library catalog users the option to relevancy-rank results of keyword search- es, in addition to more traditional means of sorting results by author, title, or date. As noted earlier, library catalog users do not typically think to question their re- sults or examine the inner workings of the system.
    keywords: catalog; information; library; online; research; search; study; users
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        item: #3754 of 5668
          id: crl-15698
      author: Jagodzinski, Cecile M.
       title: Zaid, Gabriel. So Many Books: Reading and Publishing in an Age of Abundance. Trans. Natasha Wimmer. Philadelphia: Paul Dry Books, 2003. 144p. alk. paper, $9.95 (ISBN 158988003X). LC 2003-7643.
        date: 2004-11-01
       words: 1203
      flesch: 62
     summary: According to Zaid, more books are published in the world today than there are children born every year. More peo- ple want to write books than read them, says Zaid—a fact that seems to be borne out by industry statistics.
    keywords: books; zaid
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        item: #3755 of 5668
          id: crl-15699
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: Isaac D’Israeli on Books: Pre-Victorian Essays on the History of Literature. Ed. Marvin Spevack. London: British Library (ISBN 0712348298); New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Pr. (ISBN 1584561319), 2004. 266p. $49.95. LC 2004-299690.
        date: 2004-11-01
       words: 1233
      flesch: 57
     summary: This slight, but satisfying, book joins what seems to be a new genre of memoirs and essays on the pleasures of reading (e.g., Alberto Manguel’s A History of Read- ing, David Denby’s Great Books, Nicholas Basbanes’s Patience and Fortitude). Zaid the author managed to convey to this reader his own passion for books—from his de- scription of learning to read and acquiring the ability to combine individual lett ers of the alphabet into the “miracle of the full word,” to the way mature readers can be liberated, transported from reading the page to reading life itself.
    keywords: d’israeli; reading
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        item: #3756 of 5668
          id: crl-15701
      author: Cook, Eleanor I.
       title: Magazines for Libraries: For the General Reader and School, Junior College, College, University, and Public Libraries, 12 ed. Ed. Cheryl LaGuardia, with Bill Katz and Linda Sternberg Katz. New Providence, N.J.: Bowker, 2003. 1,120p. $225 (ISBN 0835245411).
        date: 2004-11-01
       words: 1228
      flesch: 58
     summary: For humanities librarians who studied lit- erature in the 1970s and 1980s, the essays collected here will transport them back to the exciting debates and discoveries of their apprentice years, the theoretical breakthroughs of Iser, Jauss, Fish, Bleich, and Holland that shattered the classical view of the reader as the dispassionate receptacle of incontrovertible meanings placed in literary works by sagacious authors. The “reading sites” of this book’s title are not libraries but, rather, locations in the imaginary space populated by readers, texts, and authors where, at least in the view of reader-response theories of litera- ture, the meaning of texts is constituted.
    keywords: reader; reading
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        item: #3757 of 5668
          id: crl-15702
      author: Garrett, Jeffrey
       title: Reading Sites: Social Difference and Reader Response. Eds. Patrocinio P. Schweickart and Elizabeth A. Flynn. New York: MLA, 2004. 357p. $22 (ISBN 0873529855). LC 2003-022482.
        date: 2004-11-01
       words: 1200
      flesch: 51
     summary: The “reading sites” of this book’s title are not libraries but, rather, locations in the imaginary space populated by readers, texts, and authors where, at least in the view of reader-response theories of litera- ture, the meaning of texts is constituted. And second, more relevant perhaps in a library science context, why even review this book here at all, rather than in a journal directed at readers in English departments?
    keywords: book; reader; reading
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        item: #3758 of 5668
          id: crl-15703
      author: Nash, Catherine C.
       title: Women’s Issues at IFLA: Equality, Gender and Information on Agenda: Papers from the Programs of the Round Table on Women’s Issues at IFLA Annual Conferences, 1993–2002. Ed. Leena Siitonen. Munchen: K.G. Saur (IFLA Publications 106), 2003. 244p. alk. paper, $94.55 (ISBN 3598218362).
        date: 2004-11-01
       words: 1155
      flesch: 43
     summary: “Information Services for Women in Developing Countries,” by H. Kay Rase- roka, argues that there is a crucial need to place women in a separate category when analyzing our ability to meet their information and communication needs. This monograph contains papers addressing women librarians’ edu- cation, women’s library and professional career status, women’s literacy, global in- formation needs of women, women’s access to information, information and library resources for women, women’s vocational training, and women’s access to, and use of, communication and information technolo- gies.
    keywords: information; women
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        item: #3759 of 5668
          id: crl-15705
      author: Seaman, Scott
       title: Collaborative Collection Management in a High-density Storage Facility
        date: 2005-01-01
       words: 4345
      flesch: 44
     summary: Upon investigation, however, no accrediting body required library materials to be on campus for them to be counted as part of the collection. Loan requests made through Prospector for PASCAL materials conform to the common Prospector loan policies.
    keywords: collection; library; materials; pascal; storage
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        item: #3760 of 5668
          id: crl-15708
      author: Mayer, Jennifer; Terrill, Lori J.
       title: Academic Librarians’ Attitudes about Advanced-Subject Degrees
        date: 2005-01-01
       words: 7486
      flesch: 52
     summary: Those respondents with advanced- subject degrees and those working on them were asked for information on the subject areas of all their advanced-subject degrees. A comparatively higher percentage of those holding posi- tions where advanced-subject degrees are preferred felt that academic librarians in certain positions should have advanced- subject degrees (66.56%).
    keywords: advanced; degree; librarians; respondents; subject
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        item: #3761 of 5668
          id: crl-15709
      author: Stahl, Bil
       title: Integrating Information Literacy into the Higher Education Curriculum: Practical Models for Transformation. Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series. Ed. Ilene F. Rockman. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2004. 260p. alk. paper, $36 (ISBN 0787965278). LC 2003-27930.
        date: 2005-01-01
       words: 1089
      flesch: 53
     summary: The topics covered include: un- derstanding the importance of information literacy, development of faculty–librarian partnerships, integration of information literacy into the curriculum, creation of freshman-level tutorials, integration of information literacy into interdisciplin- ary majors, determination of information literacy needs in a research sett ing, produc- tion of assessment tools, and assessment of information literacy initiatives. Ilene Rockman, a well- known authority on information literacy, authored the preface, introduction, one of the seven chapters, and the conclusion.
    keywords: information; literacy
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        item: #3762 of 5668
          id: crl-15710
      author: Veaner, Allen B.
       title: Kirp, David L. Shakespeare, Einstein, and the Bottom Line: The Marketing of Higher Education. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Pr., 2003. 328p. alk. paper, $29.95 (ISBN 0674011465). LC 2003-49914. and Geiger, Roger L. Knowledge and Money: Research Universities and the Paradox of the Marketplace. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Pr., 2004. 321p. alk. paper, $27.95 (paper) (ISBN 0804749264); $70 (cloth) (ISBN 0804749256). LC 2004-1622.
        date: 2005-01-01
       words: 5942
      flesch: 53
     summary: Geiger puts it best: “The commercial- ization of university research at the dawn of the twenty-first century would seem to possess an inexorable momentum.” What we see in such a development, states Kirp, citing the chancellor of the University of Texas, is a growing privatization of higher education and the consignment of the historic public support of universities to the “junkyard of history.”
    keywords: academic; education; geiger; higher; kirp; money; research; universities; university
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        item: #3763 of 5668
          id: crl-15711
      author: McCormack, Nancy
       title: Libraries without Walls 5: The Distributed Delivery of Library and Information Services. Eds. Peter Brophy, Shelagh Fisher, and Jenny Craven. London: Facet, 2004. 269p. £44.95 (ISBN 1856045110).
        date: 2005-01-01
       words: 1213
      flesch: 57
     summary: Theme one deals with the integration of library services and virtual learning environments. A variety of issues is addressed, including how to provide staff with the skills and training required to deal with new library services in support of e-learning.
    keywords: libraries; university
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        item: #3764 of 5668
          id: crl-15712
      author: Jones, Plummer Alston
       title: Staikos, Konstantinos Sp. The History of the Library in Western Civilization, Vol. I: From Minos to Cleopatra: The Greek World from the Minoans’ Archival Libraries to the Universal Library of the Ptolemies. Trans. Timothy Cullen. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll; The Netherlands: Hes & DeGraaf; and Athens: Kotinos. 2004. 351p. $75 (ISBN: 1584561149, USA). LC 03-58221.
        date: 2005-01-01
       words: 1824
      flesch: 57
     summary: The papers in this section are quite diverse, moving from a broad and general ex- amination of the characteristics of the truly usable and accessible digital library to far narrower studies involving barriers to library use by Nigerian professionals and digital library services at the Italian Health Institute library. These communities can be large or small—for instance, the gen- eral public that might wish to participate (aided by museums, libraries, or archives) in the sharing of cultural heritage infor- mation online or the “closed” community of a university where an “open archive” is established to store an institution’s schol- arly output such as papers (published or not), data, reports, and so on.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #3765 of 5668
          id: crl-15713
      author: Daniels, Tim
       title: Warner, Julian. Humanizing Information Technology. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2004. 156p. alk. paper, $35 (ISBN: 0810849569). LC 2003-17048.
        date: 2005-01-01
       words: 1150
      flesch: 51
     summary: With this distinction in place, Warner uses primary source information to sug- gest that in the late nineteenth century, the United States was ideally positioned for the development and dissemination of information technologies. These professionals—information scientists, information architects, instructional tech- nologists, and human factors experts, to name a few—have a tremendous wealth of expertise and insight to offer and, con- versely, can benefit from the expertise of the library sector.
    keywords: information; warner
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        item: #3766 of 5668
          id: crl-15714
      author: Armstrong, William W.
       title: Communication in the Sciences as Seen through Physics and Chemistry: A Look at the Complex Relationship between Author, Publisher, and Distributor as They Relate to the Reader
        date: 2005-03-01
       words: 9981
      flesch: 54
     summary: Part of the cause of this chasm between Web journal publish- ing and Web publishing at large may lie in the more traditional model of publish- ing that is still in use, namely, print. So a library negotiates borrow- ing arrangements with other libraries, in- stitutions, or document delivery services to provide these documents, sometimes for free and o en at a cost (certainly if the service is a commercial one).
    keywords: chemistry; electronic; journal; libraries; library; publishers; web; word; writing
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        item: #3767 of 5668
          id: crl-15716
      author: Cosgrove, John; Norelli, Barbara; Putnam, Elizabeth
       title: Setting the Record Straight: How Online Database Providers Are Handling Plagiarism and Fabrication Issues
        date: 2005-03-01
       words: 6148
      flesch: 54
     summary: Correcting Article: “To Our Readers,” New Republic (June 29, 1998) • EBSCOhost: Academic Search Elite: Article and correcting article both available; no correction appended or link to correcting article (as of November 6, 2003). Correcting Article: “To Our Readers,” The New Republic (June 1, 1998) • EBSCOhost: Academic Search Elite: Article and correcting article both available; no correction appended or link to correcting article (as of November 6, 2003).
    keywords: appended; article; available; correction; database; new
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        item: #3768 of 5668
          id: crl-15718
      author: Witte, Sarah; Cargill, Mary
       title: Selected Reference Works, 2004
        date: 2005-03-01
       words: 7169
      flesch: 58
     summary: Signed entries include cross-references to other articles and very good bibliographies. The encyclopedia has consecutive page numbering, and the index gives page reference only, but a convenient volume key is found on every page of the index.
    keywords: articles; dictionary; encyclopedia; entries; index; new; reference; research; search; works
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        item: #3769 of 5668
          id: crl-15719
      author: Cherry, Kevin
       title: Digital Library Use: Social Practice in Design and Evaluation. Ed. Anne Peterson Bishop, Nancy A. Van House, and Barbara P. Buttenfield. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Pr., 2003. 341p. acid-free paper $40 (ISBN 0262025442). LC 2002-45248.
        date: 2005-03-01
       words: 1097
      flesch: 43
     summary: User-centered research that att empts to balance the social with the technical has had some effect on the development of digital libraries and has the potential to provide even greater understanding. Although all share a commit- ment to the sociotechnical approach, these essays, like the projects that informed them, explore digital libraries from a wide range of perspectives (so wide, in fact, that the editors judiciously chose not to define the term digital library, allowing the multitude of examples in- cluded to provide institutional borders).
    keywords: digital; libraries
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        item: #3770 of 5668
          id: crl-15720
      author: Mitchell, W. Bede
       title: Buschman, John E. Dismantling the Public Sphere: Situating and Sustaining Librarianship in the Age of the New Public Philosophy. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2003. 218p. alk. paper, $60 (ISBN 031332199X). LC 2003-53882.
        date: 2005-03-01
       words: 1132
      flesch: 44
     summary: Although the above description might sound like a totally abstract, academic exercise, most of the essays involve or Book Reviews 185 grow out of real digital libraries with real content designed to serve real people. Another inves- tigates how digital libraries designed to serve large groups of users must scale up concepts traditionally seen as individual or psychological, specifically focusing on “transparency,” the idea that you do not have to know the intricacies of how a thing works to use it.
    keywords: libraries; public
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        item: #3771 of 5668
          id: crl-15724
      author: Taft, Michael
       title: The Film Preservation Guide: The Basics for Archives, Libraries, and Museums. San Francisco: National Film Preservation Foundation, 2004. 121p. alk. paper, $8 (ISBN 0974709905). [Also available online at http://www.filmpreservation.org]. LC 2003-24032
        date: 2005-03-01
       words: 1175
      flesch: 48
     summary: Compared to print publica- tions, manuscripts, and even photographs and sound recordings, film seems par- ticularly complex in terms of its format, specifications, and conservation or pres- ervation needs. Those who know only a litt le about film have visions of rusty cans of nitrate-based fi lm spontaneously combusting or the multiple reels of mix- and-match elements that mysteriously combine to make a complete item.
    keywords: film; guide; knowledge
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        item: #3772 of 5668
          id: crl-15725
      author: Burright, Marian A.; Hahn, Trudi Bellardo; Antonisse, Margaret J.
       title: Understanding Information Use in a Multidisciplinary Field: A Local Citation Analysis of Neuroscience Research
        date: 2005-05-01
       words: 6232
      flesch: 46
     summary: Multiple occurrences of cited journal references were counted toward calculating the to- tal number of cited references analyzed. NACS articles had single authorship, with no pa ern favoring any particular discipline.
    keywords: articles; authors; citation; journal; nacs; research; study
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        item: #3773 of 5668
          id: crl-15726
      author: Gross, Tina; Taylor, Arlene G.
       title: What Have We Got to Lose? The Effect of Controlled Vocabulary on Keyword Searching Results
        date: 2005-05-01
       words: 7816
      flesch: 58
     summary: Of all such “suc- cessful” searches, about 30 percent were subject heading searches and about 25 percent were title keyword searches. The authors would like to thank Kevin Furniss for his assistance in obtaining keyword searches from the transaction log of the catalog of the library at Winthrop University, Rock Hill, S.C.
    keywords: headings; hits; keyword; records; searches; searching; subject; subject headings
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        item: #3774 of 5668
          id: crl-15727
      author: Brown, Cecelia M.; Ortega, Lina
       title: Information-seeking Behavior of Physical Science Librarians: Does Research Inform Practice?
        date: 2005-05-01
       words: 8492
      flesch: 44
     summary: Although agreement in David F. Kohl and C.H. Davis’s study was considered to be high among the ARL di- rectors and deans, it appears that journal prestige for the ARL directors is similar to that of the practicing physical science librarians in the present study and may be influenced more by a journal’s applicabil- ity to practice than by the publication of original research.28 Indeed, Mary T. Kim subsequently reported that the deans in Kohl and Davis’s study placed a higher value on research-oriented publications, but the ARL directors preferred a mix of research-practitioner journals.29 Similar to the physical science librarians’ data pre- sented here, Kim also found that for ARL directors, citation factors did not influence prestige rating for the highly rated prac- titioner-oriented journals.30 In contrast, however, she did find that citation factors for research journals were correlated with the journal prestige rankings of both ARL directors and deans.31 The preferred library and information studies journals publish virtually equal proportions of research and nonresearch articles, with the majority of research articles being reports of qualitative surveys without statistical analysis.
    keywords: articles; information; journals; librarians; library; physical; physical science; research; science
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        item: #3775 of 5668
          id: crl-15728
      author: Heinrichs, John H.; Sharkey, Thomas; Lim, Jeen-Su
       title: Relative Influence of the LibQUAL+™ Dimensions on Satisfaction: A Subgroup Analysis
        date: 2005-05-01
       words: 8521
      flesch: 62
     summary: In addition, this study evaluates whether the relationship between these four dimensions and user satisfaction varies by various user characteristics including electronic usage, library usage, gender, and academic group. These alpha values indicate acceptable reliability for the scale items measuring each of the dimensions.19 Table 2 presents the mean scores for the three dependent variables across different levels of the user characteristic variables of gender, academic groups, library resources usage, and electronic resources usage.
    keywords: library; n.s; satisfaction; usage
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        item: #3776 of 5668
          id: crl-15729
      author: Shi, Xi; Levy, Sarah
       title: A Theory-guided Approach to Library Services Assessment
        date: 2005-05-01
       words: 6613
      flesch: 41
     summary: Be- cause LibQUAL+™ is designed as a tool to measure library service quality using the gap theory, a research model needs to present propositions and hypothesize paths that identify the determinants of the library service quality perception. A review of applications of research models for measuring service qual- ity in other service industries has lent support for the design of measures for library service quality.
    keywords: assessment; library; quality; research; satisfaction; service; servqual
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        item: #3777 of 5668
          id: crl-15730
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Stuart Bennett. Trade Bookbinding in the British Isles 1660–1800. London; New Castle, Del.: The British Library; Oak Knoll, 2004. 176p. $85 (ISBN 0712348484;1584561300).
        date: 2005-05-01
       words: 1284
      flesch: 62
     summary: In Bennett’s case, a lifetime of handling British books has led him to some major revisions in the received wisdom that many of us (myself included) have duly absorbed and erroneously passed along to others. British book buyers may well have customized their bindings, but they did so like Samuel Pepys: after they had bought the volume bound from their local merchant.
    keywords: bennett; book
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        item: #3778 of 5668
          id: crl-15731
      author: Hill, Terry B.
       title: Burgett, James, John Haar, and Linda L. Phillips. Collaborative Collection Development: A Practical Guide for Your Library. Chicago: ALA, 2004. 216p. alk. paper, $42 (ISBN 0838908810). LC 2004-4817.
        date: 2005-05-01
       words: 1281
      flesch: 52
     summary: Subse- quent chapters cover the fundamentals of CCD; the numerous varieties of CCD; prerequisites to initiating and sustaining a CCD program; strategies, governance, economics, promotion, publicity, assess- ment, and evaluation of CCD; and the lo- cal creation of sustainable CCD programs. Burgett, Haar, and Phillips have drawn from a large body of literature regarding the numer- ous collaborative collection projects in existence to present a broad overview of collaborative collection development (CCD).
    keywords: ccd; libraries
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        item: #3779 of 5668
          id: crl-15733
      author: White, Marilyn Domas
       title: Lee, Stuart D., and Frances Boyle. Building an Electronic Resource Collection: A Practical Guide, 2nd ed. London: Facet, 2004. 174p. $75 (ISBN 1856045315).
        date: 2005-05-01
       words: 1259
      flesch: 53
     summary: Any book that mentions specifics concerning electronic resources risks having outdated information because electronic resources themselves frequently change. This brief, but expensive, book is a wel- come expansion of the relatively few pages devoted to electronic resources in Book Reviews 283 more comprehensive reference or acquisi- tions texts, such as Richard E. Bopp and Linda Smith’s Reference and Information Services (Libraries Unlimited, 2001) and G. Edward Evans, Sheila S. Intner, and Jean Weihs’ Introduction to Technical Services (Libraries Unlimited, 2002).
    keywords: electronic; gerits; resources
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        item: #3780 of 5668
          id: crl-15734
      author: Cumiskey, Kurt H.
       title: McChesney, Robert W. The Problem of the Media: U. S. Communication Politics in the 21st Century. New York: Monthly Review Pr., 2004. 367p. paper $16.95 (ISBN 1583671056); cloth $39 (ISBN 1583671064). LC 2003-26386.
        date: 2005-05-01
       words: 1835
      flesch: 47
     summary: Through several chapters, he frees us from the misconception around which several of the myths revolve: that media are “naturally commercial and that government has been and is an innocent bystander (or non-productive intruder) in the process of creating media systems.” The most damaging myth, though, is that “debates concerning media policy in the United States have accurately reflect- ed the range of public opinion and public interests.”
    keywords: book; mcchesney; media; resources
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        item: #3781 of 5668
          id: crl-15735
      author: Lynch, Clifford A.
       title: Vaidhyanathan, Siva. The Anarchist in the Library: How the Clash between Freedom and Control Is Hacking the Real World and Crashing the System. New York: Basic Books, 2004. 253p. $26 (ISBN 0465089844). LC 2003-26089.
        date: 2005-05-01
       words: 1557
      flesch: 54
     summary: Vaidyanathan has been one important such voice and has done a good deal of public speaking on these topics (including talks at the ALA meet- ings) as well as writing books. But the events of 9/11 and their aftermath refocused his attention on what he describes as “information politics” as opposed to what he calls “entertainment politics,” and indeed the book ranges over topics from copyright to philosophies of anarchism, from the future of nation-states to information warfare, from peer-to-peer technology to some really fascinating discussion of global cultural issues.
    keywords: book; copyright
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        item: #3782 of 5668
          id: crl-15736
      author: Singh, Annmarie B.
       title: A Report on Faculty Perceptions of Students’ Information Literacy Competencies in Journalism and Mass Communication Programs: The ACEJMC Survey
        date: 2005-07-01
       words: 8589
      flesch: 64
     summary: This article is a descriptive report on the results of that survey and presents the data for under- graduate and graduate students in four sections: library instruction, impact of library instruction, information literacy assessment, and student research skills and practices. • What research skills and practices do faculty report students in these pro- grams possess?
    keywords: ad g; g ra
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        item: #3783 of 5668
          id: crl-15737
      author: Håkanson, Malin
       title: The Impact of Gender on Citations: An Analysis of College & Research Libraries, Journal of Academic Librarianship, and Library Quarterly
        date: 2005-07-01
       words: 5897
      flesch: 53
     summary: Nevertheless, Ferber found that female authors refer to publications by women to a larger extent than male authors do. The la er ought to enhance the likelihood of male authors finding and using publications by female authors.
    keywords: authors; citations; publications; references; women
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        item: #3784 of 5668
          id: crl-15740
      author: Shiflett, Lee
       title: Altman, Rochelle. Absent Voices: The Story of Writing Systems in the West. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll, 2004, 364p. $59.95 (ISBN 1584561084). LC 2003-050627.
        date: 2005-07-01
       words: 1244
      flesch: 58
     summary: The attempt of Alfred the Great (849– 899) to devise written fonts for various types of documents in the tenth century and to standardize a national English hand began the demise of the Anglo- Saxon Comprehensive Writing System. Rising costs have precipi- tated changes in the health care system, leaving health care providers with less time and financial incentive for patient education.
    keywords: clay; writing
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        item: #3785 of 5668
          id: crl-15741
      author: Schaefer, Nancy
       title: Eriksson-Backa, Kristina. In Sickness and in Health: How Information and Knowledge Are Related to Health Behaviour. Åbo: Åbo Akademis Förlag, 2003. 205p. 22 Euro (ISBN 951765152X; digital 9517651538). LC 2004-436241.
        date: 2005-07-01
       words: 1883
      flesch: 48
     summary: Over the past decade, patient demand has fostered the creation of several databases, regular media segments, and countless Web sites designed specifically to impart health information to consumers of health care services. This is followed by a review of research on the correlation between knowledge of health information and actual health behavior and of health information needs and various media through which people receive health information.
    keywords: health; information; knowledge; media
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        item: #3786 of 5668
          id: crl-15742
      author: Cherry, Kevin
       title: Digital Media Revisited: Theoretical and Conceptual Innovation in Digital Domains. Eds. Gunnar Liestol, Andrew Morrison, and Terje Rasmussen. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Pr., 2003. 554p. alk. paper, paper $24.95 (ISBN 0262621924); cloth $45 (ISBN 0262122561). LC 2002-35064.
        date: 2005-07-01
       words: 1241
      flesch: 47
     summary: Landow notes how developers of new media often view their creations as simply versions of old media and thus do not make use of their full potential (e.g., museum Web sites become simply online print catalogs, lacking interactive and multimedia components that are 382 College & Research Libraries possible online). He then illustrates the stretching of such a traditional paradigm by drawing on hypertext theory and the works of poststructuralist literary theo- rists while thinking critically about the University Scholars Programme, which he created and directs for the University of Singapore.
    keywords: digital; media; theory
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        item: #3787 of 5668
          id: crl-15743
      author: Welburn, William C.
       title: Wilhelm, Anthony G. Digital Nation: Toward an Inclusive Information Society. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Pr., 2004. 161p. alk. paper, $27.95 (ISBN 0262232383). LC 2004-42848.
        date: 2005-07-01
       words: 1873
      flesch: 46
     summary: Not only are these examples of important trends in the social use of information and communications tech- nologies that connect well to both Freud’s concern for the human condition and Rawls’s theory on social justice, they are likely to be among the more contentious challenges to federal telecommunications and information policy. This collection of essays describes information technology (IT) policy issues in the United States, highlighting the ways federal policy has responded to IT developments.
    keywords: digital; information; nation; policy
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        item: #3788 of 5668
          id: crl-15744
      author: Stoffan, Mark A.
       title: Chasing Moore’s Law: Information Technology Policy in the United States. Ed. William Asprey. Raleigh, N.C.: SciTech Publishing, 2004. 322p. $27.95 (ISBN 1891121332).
        date: 2005-07-01
       words: 1913
      flesch: 49
     summary: A result of this funding strategy has been confl ict and confusion concerning various policy issues. Not only are these examples of important trends in the social use of information and communications tech- nologies that connect well to both Freud’s concern for the human condition and Rawls’s theory on social justice, they are likely to be among the more contentious challenges to federal telecommunications and information policy.
    keywords: digital; issues; policy; reference
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        item: #3789 of 5668
          id: crl-15746
      author: Zemon, Mickey; Bahr, Alice Harrison
       title: Career and/or Children: Do Female Academic Librarians Pay a Price for Motherhood?
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 6180
      flesch: 55
     summary: When women directors with children were asked how they were able to handle both career and motherhood, 144 cited a helpful partner, 44 other factors, 25 fam- ily support, and seven live-in child care. Cited in the “other” category were flex time, women directors as role models, church, daycare, friends, and se ing a professional record of accomplishment early in a directorship.
    keywords: academic; career; children; libraries; percent; women
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        item: #3790 of 5668
          id: crl-15749
      author: Beall, Jeffrey; Kafadar, Karen
       title: The Proportion of NUC Pre-56 Titles Represented in OCLC WorldCat
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 2511
      flesch: 66
     summary: The authors therefore prepared a list (using the R so ware) for each volume of 30 (page number, column number, record number) triples, where they randomly selected “page number” from the numbers {1, 2, …, 694}, randomly selected “column number” from the num- bers {1,2,3}, and randomly selected “record number” from the numbers (1,2, …, 7). The authors also checked 434 College & Research Libraries September 2005 for any systematic trends over time in these proportions among volumes; a plot of “Proportion found” versus volume number (or versus 1,2,3,…,26) did not show any strong trends, except perhaps slightly higher proportions (above 85%) for five of the last nine vol- umes.
    keywords: records; volumes
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        item: #3791 of 5668
          id: crl-15750
      author: De Groote, Sandra L.; Dorsch, Josephine L.; Collard, Scott; Scherrer, Carol
       title: Quantifying Cooperation: Collaborative Digital Reference Service in the Large Academic Library
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 8911
      flesch: 57
     summary: The existing form for submi ing reference questions was removed (figure 1), and a Web page was developed for digital submission of reference questions either through e-mail or chat (figure 2). Science questions accounted for 5.5 percent and government document–related questions for 3 percent.
    keywords: digital; information; library; mail; questions; reference; sciences; service
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        item: #3792 of 5668
          id: crl-15751
      author: Witte, Sarah; Cargill, Mary
       title: Selected Reference Works, 2004–2005
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 8405
      flesch: 60
     summary: The content is broad- ened here to include issues of race and ethnicity from a European point of view, and although it can appear uneven in its 464 College & Research Libraries September 2005 choice of entry topics, it does cover such contemporary issues as September 11 and Islamophobia. $75; 1st ed. 1987) includes new essays on consciousness, brain scanning, and artifi- cial intelligence, as well as new entries on topics such as artificial life, lying, and ex- traterrestrial intelligence.
    keywords: bibliography; dictionary; edition; encyclopedia; entries; entry; history; index; new; oxford; reference; works
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        item: #3793 of 5668
          id: crl-15752
      author: Jobe, Janita
       title: Auster, Ethel, and Shauna Taylor. Downsizing in Academic Libraries: The Canadian Experience. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Pr., 2004. 204p., acid free paper, $50 (ISBN 0802089755). LC: 2004-276481
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 1779
      flesch: 53
     summary: They identify downsizing strategies— work force reduction, work redesign, and systemic organizational change. Respondents reported that the most commonly used work redesign strategy is to automate work processes.
    keywords: downsizing; goldberg; libraries
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        item: #3794 of 5668
          id: crl-15753
      author: Kotter, Wade
       title: Beinhart, Larry. The Librarian. New York: Nation Books, 2004. 432p. $15.95 (ISBN 1560256362). LC: 2004-303800.
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 1303
      flesch: 54
     summary: Will academic librarians who read this book find any special insights into their profession? Will academic librarians who read this book find any special insights into their profession?
    keywords: goldberg; librarians
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        item: #3795 of 5668
          id: crl-15755
      author: Mitchell, W. Bede
       title: Shaw, W. David. Babel and the Ivory Tower: The Scholar in the Age of Science. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Pr., 2005. 288p. $60 (ISBN 0802079989).
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 1914
      flesch: 54
     summary: The authority of science information systems and studies is invoked to validate the importance of the task of deflating information, but the book shifts between general and scientific information studies to validate critiques from one arena to the other. But the later studies reviewed were not published in ARIST, and it is unclear how they relate to problems in scientific information systems and documentation.
    keywords: information; science; shaw
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        item: #3796 of 5668
          id: crl-15756
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: The Future of the Page. Ed. Peter Stoicheff and Andrew Taylor. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Pr. (Studies in Book and Print Culture), 2004. 272p. cloth $65 (ISBN 0802088023); paper $29.95 (ISBN 0802085849). LC: 2005-391277
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 1314
      flesch: 61
     summary: The editors state in their introduction that the contributors of essays “explore the underside of the book trade, revealing the ways in which laws and regulations relating to books have been exploited and manipulated, or evaded and broken, over many centuries.” Christopher de Hamel’s “Book Thefts in the Middle Ages” cites examples of me- dieval book thefts and the measures taken by book owners and monastic librarians to protect their literary property, includ- ing curses or anathemas on the person or persons who would steal their books.
    keywords: book; culture; page
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        item: #3797 of 5668
          id: crl-15757
      author: Jones, Plummer Alston
       title: Against the Law: Crime, Sharp Practice and the Control of Print. Ed. Robin Myers, Michael Harris, and Giles Mandelbrote. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll; London: British Library (Publishing Pathways), 2004. 184p. $45 (ISBN: 158456153X, Oak Knoll); (0712348964, British Library). LC: 2005-544193
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 1532
      flesch: 56
     summary: Christopher de Hamel’s “Book Thefts in the Middle Ages” cites examples of me- dieval book thefts and the measures taken by book owners and monastic librarians to protect their literary property, includ- ing curses or anathemas on the person or persons who would steal their books. Binders regularly followed the fashion of sewing on false raised bands, a less time-consuming, more profitable practice that gave book owners what they wanted esthetically and binders more profit.
    keywords: book; page; print
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        item: #3798 of 5668
          id: crl-15758
      author: Schwartz, Charles A.
       title: Reassessing Prospects for the Open Access Movement
        date: 2005-11-01
       words: 4642
      flesch: 45
     summary: Science 291, no. 5512 (Mar. 23, 2001): 2318–19; Victoria Stagg Ellio , “Journal Free for All: The Electronic Future of Scientific Publishing,” American Medical News (Apr. 19, 2004); John W. Ewing, “Open Access to Journals Won’t Lower Prices,” Chronicle Review (Chronicle of Higher Education) 51, no. 6 (Oct. 1, 2004): B20; John W. Ewing, “No Free Lunches: We Should Resist the Push to Rush Research Online,” Chronicle Review (Chronicle of Higher Education) 48, no. 7 (Oct. 12, 2001): B14; Ron Fraser, “Open Access Publishing: schwartz.indd Reassessing Prospects for the Open Access Movement Charles A. Schwartz Open access may well be a turning point for the scholarly communication system, but not on the basis claimed by its advocates.
    keywords: access; movement; online; open; open access; research; scholarly; system
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        item: #3799 of 5668
          id: crl-15759
      author: Georgas, Helen; Cullars, John
       title: A Citation Study of the Characteristics of the Linguistics Literature
        date: 2005-11-01
       words: 11516
      flesch: 48
     summary: Citations by Chronological Period In listing the citations by decade, table 11 shows that the majority (52.6%) of linguistics publications being cited were published a er 1990. Literature Review Although the literature of citation studies is abundant, examination of the discipline of linguistics within these studies has been limited.
    keywords: characteristics; citations; cited; journals; language; linguistics; sciences; social; sources
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        item: #3800 of 5668
          id: crl-15760
      author: Fennewald, Joseph
       title: Perished or Published: The Fate of Presentations from the Ninth ACRL Conference
        date: 2005-11-01
       words: 4780
      flesch: 53
     summary: This research reports that from 26 to 74 percent of conference presentations are published. There have been few studies of conference presentations in the social sciences or the humanities.
    keywords: acrl; conference; papers; presentations; publication
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        item: #3801 of 5668
          id: crl-15761
      author: Ladwig, J. Parker; Sommese, Andrew J.
       title: Using Cited Half-life to Adjust Download Statistics
        date: 2005-11-01
       words: 8736
      flesch: 72
     summary: Caution should be exercised, however, because: • Usage might increase from year to year as the comfort level and dependence on electronic journals continues to increase. To demonstrate the significance of the ISI Journal Citation Reports cited half-life, this article will discuss the importance of journal use statistics, explain cited half- life and its importance, and then present a model for adjusting download statistics (including the model’s assumptions and problems).
    keywords: cited; half; isi; journal; life; use; years
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        item: #3802 of 5668
          id: crl-15762
      author: Kennedy, Marie R.
       title: Reformatting Preservation Departments: The Effect of Digitization on Workload and Staff
        date: 2005-11-01
       words: 4654
      flesch: 45
     summary: ARL has recognized the intralibrary efforts of preservation departments by collecting statistics that address preservation tasks done within a library, but outside the preservation department. Depth of Curatorial Effort In addition to the quality of the digital file and the time needed to create it is the effort of preservation department staff to assist in choosing which items to reformat digitally.
    keywords: departments; digital; digitization; preservation; tasks
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15762.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15762.txt

        item: #3803 of 5668
          id: crl-15763
      author: Mulrooney, David
       title: Casanova, Pascale. The World Republic of Letters. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Pr., 2004. 420p. alk. paper, $35 (ISBN: 067401345X). LC: 2004-54359.
        date: 2005-11-01
       words: 1239
      flesch: 48
     summary: Paris has a unique power to legislate on literary matters and acts as a Greenwich Meridian of literary time in defining what is modern through the writings of its avant-garde. It is the city in which writers whose genius is not immediately rec- ognized in their own countries find an au- dience (Faulkner and Joyce in particular); a writer celebrated in Paris becomes part of the pantheon of universal writers.
    keywords: literary; world
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        item: #3804 of 5668
          id: crl-15765
      author: Jagodzinski, Cecile M.
       title: Kong, Shuyu. Consuming Literature: Best Sellers and the Commercialization of Literary Production in Contemporary China. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Pr., 2005. 241p. alk. paper, cloth $55 (ISBN 0804749396); paper $21.95 (ISBN 080474940X). LC 2004-17604.
        date: 2005-11-01
       words: 1936
      flesch: 53
     summary: Extent and nature of circulation (Average figures denote the average number of copies printed each issue during the preceding twelve months; actual figures denote actual number of copies of single issue published nearest filing date: September 2005 issue.) 15a. Western authors such as Agatha Christie and Arthur Conan Doyle (throwbacks to another era), as well as Japanese and Hong Kong martial arts tales, romances, and pulp fiction flooded the marketplace.
    keywords: actual; kong; research; theory
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15765.pdf
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        item: #3805 of 5668
          id: crl-15766
      author: McCormack, Nancy
       title: Montgomery, Jack, and Eleanor I. Cook. Conflict Management for Libraries: Strategies for a Positive, Productive Workplace. Chicago: ALA, 2005. 207p. $42 (ISBN: 083890890X). LC 2004-30722.
        date: 2005-11-01
       words: 1318
      flesch: 62
     summary: Many of the scenarios that followed looked equally familiar: the staff person with private problems, the micro-manag- er, the office romance, the “dead wood.” The logical conclu- sion that one might draw from this—that library staff might “go postal”—is one of the reasons for the existence of a study of workplace conflict aimed specifically at the library market.
    keywords: kong; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15766.pdf
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        item: #3806 of 5668
          id: crl-15767
      author: Hyde, Gene
       title: Thelwall, Mike. Link Analysis: An Information Science Approach. Amsterdam and Boston: Elsevier Academic, 2004. 269p. $69.95 (ISBN 0120885530).
        date: 2005-11-01
       words: 1879
      flesch: 54
     summary: Random association and careful orga- nization: any attempt at link analysis must grapple with these seemingly disparate facets of linking. In this well-organized book, Thelwall ap- plies information science concepts and methodologies to explain link analysis.
    keywords: analysis; book; link; web
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        item: #3807 of 5668
          id: crl-15768
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: The Bodleian Library: A Subject Guide to the Collections. Eds. G. P. M. Walker, Mary Clapinson, and Lesley Forbes. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2004. 240p. $37.50 (ISBN 1851240799).
        date: 2005-11-01
       words: 822
      flesch: 50
     summary: As for general readers, it strikes me that they are not particularly interested in reading about library collections, although Cam- bridge recently came out with a book celebrating its own treasures (Cambridge University Library: The Great Collections. Each chapter relates the history of manuscript and print collecting in a specifi c subject area and concludes with a list of more detailed bibliographies and catalogs of specialized collections.
    keywords: collections; library
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        item: #3808 of 5668
          id: crl-15769
      author: Stevens, Norman D.
       title: The Fully Electronic Academic Library®
        date: 2006-01-01
       words: 4923
      flesch: 47
     summary: Most o�en, a sub- stantial portion of the panels will display The Fully Electronic Academic Library® 11 educational images dealing with various aspects of information history using primarily collections from the archives of The Molesworth Institute, including postcards of library buildings, quotations dealing with libraries, and postcards de- picting books and reading. All the building systems, includ- ing a robotic cleaning system, will be controlled through electronic keypads, which can be operated by library staff ei- ther in the building or remotely as part of an advanced system designed by Crestron Electronics.13 All signs and notices will be posted on flat plasma display screens, and the information on the screens can be changed through those same electronic keypads.
    keywords: building; electronic; information; libraries; library; staff
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        item: #3809 of 5668
          id: crl-15772
      author: Chapman, Karen; Brothers, Paul
       title: Database Coverage for Research in Management Information Systems
        date: 2006-01-01
       words: 6786
      flesch: 61
     summary: Management was the most frequently referenced subject, followed closely by MIS itself; other subjects with notable numbers of references were “com- puting and technology” and “psychology and sociology.”10 The purpose of this study is to examine database coverage for the discipline of MIS. A subset of these studies focuses on database coverage within a particular subject area.
    keywords: business; coverage; databases; information; mis; systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15772.pdf
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        item: #3810 of 5668
          id: crl-15773
      author: Beaubien, Anne K.; Kuehn, Jennifer; Smolow, Barbara; Ward, Suzanne M.
       title: Challenges Facing High-volume Interlibrary Loan Operations: Baseline Data and Trends in the CIC Consortium
        date: 2006-01-01
       words: 10629
      flesch: 57
     summary: All CIC libraries use OCLC for process- ing ILL requests among CIC libraries. 14 ,3 86 10 ,7 76 3, 61 0 25 % 5, 28 4 49 % 57 ,3 23 34 ,0 75 23 ,2 48 40 % 12 ,4 32 36 % Pe nn S ta te (U PM ) FY 02 51 ,9 71 41 ,8 20 10 ,1 51 19 % 13 ,5 55 32 % 66 ,5 78 46 ,0 45 20 ,5 33 30 % 9, 23 6 20 % FY 03 53 ,0 93 42 ,1 73 10 ,9 20 20 % 12 ,7 79 30 % 71 ,9 36 50 ,0 00 21 ,9 36 30 % 9, 08 0 18 % FY 04 (e xt ra po la te d) 54 ,9 91 45 ,1 48 9, 84 3 17 % 13 ,0 66 28 % 75 ,0 98 52 ,9 45 22 ,1 53 29 % 7, 84 6 14 % Pu rd ue (I PL ) FY 02 50 ,9 12 29 ,5 04 21 ,4 08 42 % 14 ,7 76 50 % 29 ,7 25 16 ,1 33 13 ,5 92 45 % 7, 13 3 44 % FY 03 44 ,9 10 29 ,4 06 15 ,5 04 35 % 14 ,8 28 50 % 31 ,2 80 19 ,6 27 11 ,6 53 37 % 7, 93 4 40 % FY 04 (e xt ra po la te d) 43 ,2 97 31 ,3 68 11 ,9 29 27 % 14 ,5 74 46 % 30 ,7 01 20 ,8 25 9, 87 6 32 % 7, 58 1 36 % Challenges Facing High-volume Interlibrary Loan Operations 67 with CIC libraries, suggest- ing that the University of Iowa was a major resource- sharing source for other li- braries in Iowa.
    keywords: cic; ill; libraries; requests
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        item: #3811 of 5668
          id: crl-15774
      author: Loder, Michael W.
       title: Library as Place: Rethinking Roles, Rethinking Space. Washington, D.C.: Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR Publication, no. 129), 2005. 81p. alk. paper, $20 (ISBN 1932326138). LC 2005-551823. Available online at http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub129abst.html.
        date: 2006-01-01
       words: 6768
      flesch: 56
     summary: Interesting quotations from numerous qualitative research studies att est to the fact that library anxiety is a valid phe- nomenon. However, if you are unfamiliar with library anxiety as a construct, do read chapter 2 fi rst where you will fi nd a full description of its na- ture and etiology.
    keywords: anxiety; book; college; information; library; press; research; rst; wiener
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15774.pdf
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        item: #3812 of 5668
          id: crl-15775
      author: Cumiskey, Kurt
       title: The Press. Ed. Geneva Overholser and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. New York: Oxford Univ. Pr. (Institutions of American Democracy Series). 2005. 473p. $65 (ISBN 0195172833). LC 2004-29861.
        date: 2006-01-01
       words: 6768
      flesch: 56
     summary: Interesting quotations from numerous qualitative research studies att est to the fact that library anxiety is a valid phe- nomenon. However, if you are unfamiliar with library anxiety as a construct, do read chapter 2 fi rst where you will fi nd a full description of its na- ture and etiology.
    keywords: anxiety; book; college; information; library; press; research; rst; wiener
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15775.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15775.txt

        item: #3813 of 5668
          id: crl-15776
      author: Collins, John W.
       title: Betsy O. Barefoot, et al. Achieving & Sustaining Institutional Excellence for the First Year of College. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass (Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series), 2005. 432p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 0787971510). LC 2004-26197.
        date: 2006-01-01
       words: 6768
      flesch: 56
     summary: Interesting quotations from numerous qualitative research studies att est to the fact that library anxiety is a valid phe- nomenon. However, if you are unfamiliar with library anxiety as a construct, do read chapter 2 fi rst where you will fi nd a full description of its na- ture and etiology.
    keywords: anxiety; book; college; information; library; press; research; rst; wiener
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15776.pdf
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        item: #3814 of 5668
          id: crl-15778
      author: McCombs, Gillian M.
       title: Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J., Qun G. Jiao, and Sharon L. Bostick. Library Anxiety: Theory, Research, and Applications. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow (Research Methods in Library and Information Studies, no. 1), 2004. 400p. alk. paper $39.50 (ISBN 0810849550). LC 2003-17677.
        date: 2006-01-01
       words: 6768
      flesch: 56
     summary: Interesting quotations from numerous qualitative research studies att est to the fact that library anxiety is a valid phe- nomenon. However, if you are unfamiliar with library anxiety as a construct, do read chapter 2 fi rst where you will fi nd a full description of its na- ture and etiology.
    keywords: anxiety; book; college; information; library; press; research; rst; wiener
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15778.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15778.txt

        item: #3815 of 5668
          id: crl-15779
      author: Greene, Harlan
       title: Wendorf, Richard. The Scholar-Librarian: Books, Libraries, and the Visual Arts. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Pr. and the Boston Athenaeum, 2005. 247p. alk. paper, $34.95 (ISBN 1584561599). LC 2004-66282.
        date: 2006-01-01
       words: 6768
      flesch: 56
     summary: Interesting quotations from numerous qualitative research studies att est to the fact that library anxiety is a valid phe- nomenon. However, if you are unfamiliar with library anxiety as a construct, do read chapter 2 fi rst where you will fi nd a full description of its na- ture and etiology.
    keywords: anxiety; book; college; information; library; press; research; rst; wiener
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15779.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15779.txt

        item: #3816 of 5668
          id: crl-15781
      author: Antelman, Kristin
       title: Response to Philip Davis
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 1405
      flesch: 50
     summary: In 2001, Kent Anderson and others published a citation study of the journal Pediatrics.6 Using three years of data, they compared articles printed in the journal and available online by subscription with other articles appearing only in a free online addition. Article Duplication as Cause From 1975 through 2003, Emerald (for- mally MCB University Press) engaged in substantial article duplication, where hundreds of articles were republished in different journals with no indication of their original source.3, 4 This dataset provides a natural controlled experiment to test whether the simple act of article duplication may explain increased cita- tion impact.
    keywords: access; articles
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        item: #3817 of 5668
          id: crl-15782
      author: Mullen, Laura Bowering; Hartman, Karen A.
       title: Google Scholar and the Library Web Site: The Early Response by ARL Libraries
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 10273
      flesch: 57
     summary: Mullen.indd Google Scholar and the Library Web Site: The Early Response by ARL Libraries Laura Bowering Mullen and Karen A. Hartman With the introduction of Google Scholar in November 2004, research libraries faced the decision of whether to integrate this “blended” resource into their collections and services via their library Web sites. A descriptive study of all ARL univer- sity members’ library Web sites also was undertaken to determine how other academic libraries were treating Google Scholar in July 2005.
    keywords: access; available; google; google scholar; libraries; library; resources; scholar; site; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15782.pdf
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        item: #3818 of 5668
          id: crl-15783
      author: Anderson, Douglas
       title: Allocation of Costs for Electronic Products in Academic Library Consortia
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 7518
      flesch: 51
     summary: Unless some other factor is taken into consideration, though, the distribution http:Report.11 http:quotients.10 Allocation of Costs for Electronic Products in Academic Library Consortia 127 between the two simpler methods of cost allocation, equal division by institu- tion and proportional division by FTE, is necessarily arbitrary. However, if the group has collectively bid too li le to begin the license, the institutional bid amounts are distributed to the group as a whole with a comparison to the consortium’s preferred method of cost allocation, and the group participants are asked to resubmit their bids.
    keywords: allocation; consortium; costs; division; institution; libraries; library
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        item: #3819 of 5668
          id: crl-15785
      author: Brantley, Steve; Armstrong, Annie; Lewis, Krystal M.
       title: Usability Testing of a Customizable Library Web Portal
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 9901
      flesch: 59
     summary: Review of the Literature At the time of writing, the body of re- search on measuring the effectiveness of customizable library Web portals through usability testing is limited. In ad- dition, numerous usability tests measure the efficacy of use of library Web sites by different user populations.
    keywords: chicago; chicago library; library; participants; portal; resources; tasks; usability; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15785.pdf
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        item: #3820 of 5668
          id: crl-15788
      author: Baumann, Helene
       title: Africanist Librarianship in an Era of Change. Eds. Victoria K. Evalds and David Henige. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2005. 242p. $35 (ISBN 0810852012). LC 2005925546.
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 1203
      flesch: 51
     summary: All articles are related to Africana librarianship: some are quite practical; others provide an overview or tell a story. Jill Coelho provides a survey of the Africana acquisitions literature and re- views Africana acquisitions at Harvard.
    keywords: african; librarianship; studies
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        item: #3821 of 5668
          id: crl-15789
      author: Mitchell, W. Bede
       title: Higher Education for the Public Good: Emerging Voices from a National Movement. Eds. Adrianna J. Kezar, Tony C. Chambers, and John C. Burkhardt. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass (Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series), 2005. 345p. alk. paper, $40 (ISBN 0787973823). LC 2005-00719.
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 1881
      flesch: 48
     summary: All but two states have statutes related to library privacy and confidentiality, and Hawaii and Kentucky have attorney generals’ opinions uphold- ing the privacy rights of patrons. Although this summary does not even attempt to fully account for today’s many diff erent American postsecondary institutional types (a fact acknowledged by the contributors to this volume), it is employed to demonstrate how the charter between higher education and American society has evolved in response to societal needs.
    keywords: education; higher; privacy; public
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        item: #3822 of 5668
          id: crl-15790
      author: Stratford, Juri
       title: Adams, Helen R., Robert F. Bocher, Carol A. Gordon, and Elizabeth Barry-Kesseler. Privacy in the 21st Century: Issues for Public, School, and Academic Libraries. Foreword by Judith Krug. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2005. 247p. alk. paper, $40 (ISBN 1591582091). LC 2004-63832.
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 1264
      flesch: 53
     summary: The discussion of privacy issues within public libraries, school media centers, and academic libraries is divided into three chapters. All but two states have statutes related to library privacy and confidentiality, and Hawaii and Kentucky have attorney generals’ opinions uphold- ing the privacy rights of patrons.
    keywords: issues; privacy
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        item: #3823 of 5668
          id: crl-15791
      author: Abdoulaye, Kaba
       title: Rogers, Richard. Information Politics on the Web. Cambridge, Mass.; London: MIT Pr., 2005. 216p. alk. paper, $35 (ISBN: 0262182424). LC 2004-050458.
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 1234
      flesch: 51
     summary: The discussion of privacy issues within public libraries, school media centers, and academic libraries is divided into three chapters. Each chapter also examines the use of privacy audits and privacy policies, their purpose be- ing to both protect and guide libraries in the treatment of privacy issues.
    keywords: privacy; web
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        item: #3824 of 5668
          id: crl-15792
      author: Nash, Katie
       title: Stockdale, Eric. ‘Tis Treason, My Good Man”: Four Revolutionary Presidents and a Piccadilly Bookshop. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll; London: British Library, 2005. 421p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 1584561580 [US]; 0712306994 [UK]). LC 2004-63644.
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 1473
      flesch: 47
     summary: Young John Stockdale worked for a London publisher, John Almon, who was known for publishing “a good many more titles by Americans and about the American controversy than any other London bookseller.” Through Day’s acquaintance, John Stockdale was introduced and formed ties with John Laurens (one of General Washington’s closest aides), Henry Laurens (president of Congress in Philadelphia), Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay, John Quincy Adams, Thomas Jeff erson, Dr. David Ramsay (America’s fi rst historian), and Dr. Jedidiah Morse (Father of Ameri- can Geography).
    keywords: book; john; stockdale
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        item: #3825 of 5668
          id: crl-15793
      author: Wiberley, Stephen E.; Hurd, Julie M.; Weller, Ann C.
       title: Publication Patterns of U.S. Academic Librarians from 1998 to 2002
        date: 2006-05-01
       words: 6149
      flesch: 46
     summary: Com- pared to the authors’ study of thirty-two journals for 1993–1997, the pres- ent study finds that for 1998–2002, there were declines in the total number of refereed articles (almost 4%), number of refereed articles by academic librarians (almost 13%), proportion of refereed articles by academic librar- ians (just over 4%), proportion of academic librarian authors (almost 3%), and proportion of coauthored articles by academic librarians (almost 4%). Neverthe- less, it is noteworthy that the proportions of academic librarian authors in these group studies fall within a fairly narrow range—between 26 and 44 percent of the authors were academic librarians.
    keywords: academic; articles; authors; journals; librarians
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        item: #3826 of 5668
          id: crl-15794
      author: Bolger, Dorita F.; Smith, Erin T.
       title: Faculty Status and Rank at Liberal Arts Colleges: An Investigation into the Correlation among Faculty Status, Professional Rights and Responsibilities, and Overall Institutional Quality
        date: 2006-05-01
       words: 8083
      flesch: 62
     summary: Based on the responses of the 125 colleges that participated in the survey, the higher the tier in which an institution is ranked in the U.S. News & World Report annual report on America’s colleges, the less likely that librarians will have faculty status or rank, the less likely they will be required to undergo a formal review process, the less likely they will have access to research funds, and the less likely they will be eligible to serve on campuswide faculty committees. great deal has been wri en about the personnel status of academic librarians, ranging from large-scale quantitative surveys designed to ascertain current practices to rhetorical arguments both for and against the increased demands and benefits that accompany faculty status.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; percent; status
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        item: #3827 of 5668
          id: crl-15795
      author: Budd, John M.
       title: Faculty Publishing Productivity: Comparisons over Time
        date: 2006-05-01
       words: 4834
      flesch: 57
     summary: Further, the rank- ings of the programs correlated highly with publishing productivity.1 Robert K. Toutkoushian and others conducted an examination of faculty publications (total and per capita). Total publications by materials expenditures .74 Per capita publications by materials expenditures .65 Faculty Publishing Productivity: Comparisons over Time 235 TABLE 4 Top Twenty ACRL Institutions Compared: Total Number of Publications 1991–1993 1995–1997 2002–2004 Tufts 2,883 Tufts 3,811 Alabama, Birm.
    keywords: faculty; publications; time; total
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        item: #3828 of 5668
          id: crl-15797
      author: Westbrook, Lynn
       title: Virtual Reference Training: The Second Generation
        date: 2006-05-01
       words: 6596
      flesch: 40
     summary: Affective states can influence encoding, retrieval, and judgment processes, as well as strat- egies of information processing.”10 Quality The hyper-evolution of digital com- munication leaves little opportunity for development of a shared, socially rooted understanding of a “high-quality” Lynn Westbrook is an Assistant Professor in the School of Information at the University of Texas at Austin; e-mail: lynnwest@ischool.utexas.edu.
    keywords: cognitive; communication; digital; http; information; interview; need; patron; reference; research
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        item: #3829 of 5668
          id: crl-15798
      author: Hernon, Peter; Rossiter, Nancy
       title: Emotional Intelligence: Which Traits Are Most Prized?
        date: 2006-05-01
       words: 8411
      flesch: 52
     summary: ”17 An issue of Library Trends (summer 2004), which is devoted to “organizational development and leadership,” contains several articles on the role of leaders and the acquisition of critical leadership traits. For example, one study shows that business leaders rank EI traits as more important than traditional leadership traits for the successful leader to posses.21 Of par- ticular importance are developing a shared vision, relationship building, employee development, adaptability, optimism, empathy, and self-awareness.
    keywords: directors; emotional; leadership; library; people; research; self; traits
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        item: #3830 of 5668
          id: crl-15799
      author: Jones, Plummer Alston
       title: Herbert Putnam: A 1903 Trip to Europe. Ed. John D. Knowlton. Introduction by Ari Hoogenboom. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2005. 115p. alk. paper, $25 (ISBN 0810851725). LC 2005-11477.
        date: 2006-05-01
       words: 569
      flesch: 55
     summary: The book includes an introductory essay by Ari Hoogenboom, Emeritus Pro- fessor of History at Brooklyn College, City University of New York, which places Putnam’s travels in Europe in context with other “travelers [who] wished to widen their intellectual horizons and to experi- ence natural wonders,” including such notables as scholars and men of letters George William Curtis and Charles Eliot Norton, artists Mary Cassatt and James Abbott McNeill Whistler, writers Stephen Crane, Edith Wharton, and Mark Twain, and composer Edward MacDowell, to name just a few. In this collection of the transcribed and edited manuscripts of Putnam’s travel let- ters, John D. Knowlton, a retired archivist and librarian for the Library of Congress, reveals Putnam’s sense of humor, love of family as husband, father, and brother, and professional concern for keeping in touch with the Library of Congress even while on his European tour.
    keywords: putnam
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        item: #3831 of 5668
          id: crl-15800
      author: Rhodes, Kelly C.
       title: The Successful Academic Librarian: Winning Strategies from Library Leaders. Ed. Gwen Meyer Gregory. Medford, N.J.: Information Today, 2005. 231p. $39.50 (ISBN 1573872326). LC 2005-17201.
        date: 2006-05-01
       words: 1225
      flesch: 49
     summary: Academic librarians generally publish more than librarians working in other sett ings; on average, academic librarians write at least one solo-authored, peer-reviewed journal article that is typically published in the library literature. Gwen Meyer Gregory and Mary Beth Chambers reveal that there are many variations of faculty and academic status for librarians.
    keywords: academic; librarians
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        item: #3832 of 5668
          id: crl-15801
      author: Jobe, Janita
       title: Colleges, Code, and Copyright: The Impact of Digital Networks and Technological Controls on Copyright and the Dissemination of Information in Higher Education. Chicago: ACRL (ACRL Publications in Librarianship, No. 57), 2005. 201p. alk. paper, $28 (ISBN 0838983227). LC 2005-8033.
        date: 2006-05-01
       words: 1859
      flesch: 51
     summary: He discusses DRM technologies commonly in use in higher education and the chal- lenges they present. Finally, the keynote speaker discusses directions that higher education might take in employing DRM technologies.
    keywords: copyright; drm; education
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        item: #3833 of 5668
          id: crl-15804
      author: Ruppel, Margie
       title: Grassian, Esther S., and Joan R. Kaplowitz. Learning to Lead and Manage Information Literacy Instruction. New York: Neal-Schuman (Information Literacy Sourcebooks), 2005. 322p. alk. paper (+ CD-ROM), $65 (ISBN 1555705154). LC 2005-9356.
        date: 2006-05-01
       words: 1258
      flesch: 54
     summary: Consortial licenses oft en solve such problems for small libraries. Grassian and Kaplow- itz’s focus on the overall management of ILI and the qualities of good ILI leaders, therefore, is a welcome addition to the literature.
    keywords: ili; libraries
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        item: #3834 of 5668
          id: crl-15805
      author: Schneiter, Thomas E.
       title: Licensing in Libraries: Practical and Ethical Aspects. Ed. Karen Rupp-Serrano. Binghamton, N.Y.: Haworth, 2005. 210p. alk. paper, $29.92 (ISBN 0789028794). LC 2004-30491.
        date: 2006-05-01
       words: 1021
      flesch: 55
     summary: It is essen- tial, they state, that such licenses protect both publisher and user; clearly, there are competing interests of profit and access. Particularly helpful is Croft’s reference to sources for model licenses and her admonishment that libraries must understand the data- base vendor’s terms for ILL use.
    keywords: libraries; licensing
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        item: #3835 of 5668
          id: crl-15806
      author: Buchanan, Robert A.
       title: Accuracy of Cited References: The Role of Citation Databases
        date: 2006-07-01
       words: 7074
      flesch: 62
     summary: Failure to map cited articles to target-source articles was due to transcription errors, target-source article errors, omitted cited articles, andreasonunknown. Authors make errors when creating the list of cited articles for their publica- tions, and citation databases make errors during the data-entry process.
    keywords: article; author; errors; scie; sfs; source
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        item: #3836 of 5668
          id: crl-15807
      author: Fuchs, Beth E.; Thomsen, Cristina M.; Bias, Randolph G.; Davis, Donald G.
       title: Behavioral Citation Analysis: Toward Collection Enhancement for Users
        date: 2006-07-01
       words: 9839
      flesch: 46
     summary: My understanding of the availability of library resources in my subject area at the UT General Libraries had a ____________ impact on the selection of my dissertation topic. Selection of Dissertation Topic Of the 43 participants who answered this question, most (83.7%) chose their dissertation topic with no to li le regard for the availability of library resources at UT.
    keywords: analysis; citation; collection; information; libraries; percent; research; resources
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        item: #3837 of 5668
          id: crl-15808
      author: Jones, D. Yvonne
       title: Oversized and Underused: Size Matters in Academic Libraries
        date: 2006-07-01
       words: 3483
      flesch: 53
     summary: Jones.indd Oversized and Underused: Size Ma ers in Academic Libraries 1 D. Yvonne Jones Data on the collection size, shelving, and usage of oversize books in the general library collection was requested using an e-mail survey targeted at fifty U.S. liberal arts college libraries. A er searching the research literature, the next logical path seemed to directly ask other libraries about their shelving practices for oversize books.
    keywords: circulation; collection; libraries; oversize
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        item: #3838 of 5668
          id: crl-15809
      author: Hepburn, Peter; Fiscella, Joan B.
       title: Constructing Descriptive Records for an Art Image Database: What Do Use Statistics Tell Us?
        date: 2006-07-01
       words: 12315
      flesch: 64
     summary: w/o Genthe Records All named artist records -0.183 0.479* 0.461* Named artist records (>0 WorldCat records) -0.183 0.517* 0.493* * The MidR Set of records, by contrast to the other two, included great variation in the number of retrievals, the number of named artist records in WorldCat, and the number of words in each record, making it possibly more illustrative of the entire database.
    keywords: amico; artists; authors; database; midr; number; records; retrievals; set; terms
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        item: #3839 of 5668
          id: crl-15810
      author: Brady, Eileen E.; McCord, Sarah K.; Galbraith, Betty
       title: Print versus Electronic Journal Use in Three Sci/Tech Disciplines: The Cultural Shift in Process
        date: 2006-07-01
       words: 4890
      flesch: 69
     summary: A previous study found that print use increased after electronic access was added. Most journal titles showing increases in print use also were available in electronic format.
    keywords: electronic; print; titles; use
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        item: #3840 of 5668
          id: crl-15811
      author: Tempelman-Kluit, Nadaleen
       title: Multimedia Learning Theories and Online Instruction
        date: 2006-07-01
       words: 2789
      flesch: 46
     summary: Because the HTML How to Find an Article tutorial is indicative of the standard approach to designing and delivering library instruction, this paper also serves as a means of determining whether traditional online library instruc- tion follows cognitive learning theories and provides opportunities for meaning- ful learning. Meaningful learning occurs when con- nections are made between information in the visual- and the verbal-processing channels of working memory.
    keywords: learning; memory; tutorial
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        item: #3841 of 5668
          id: crl-15813
      author: Harger, Elaine
       title: Mickenberg, Julia L. Learning from the Left: Children’s Literature, the Cold War, and Radical Politics in the United States. N.Y.; Oxford: Oxford Univ. Pr., 2006. 389p. alk. paper $19.95 (paper), $74 (cloth) (ISBN 0195152816; 0195152808). LC 2004-65457.
        date: 2006-07-01
       words: 1861
      flesch: 55
     summary: What makes Mickenberg’s book so welcome is that it investigates, not textbooks, but another group of books produced for children, trade books written by leftist authors who largely escaped the eagle eyes of right- wing censors in mid-twentieth century. The first part of the book, “Progressive and Proletarian Precedents” provides context, including an overview of the early years of children’s book publishing; exami- nation of the demands of librarians, teach- ers, and parents for books appropriate for children; examples of books writt en by leftist authors; discussion of the progres- sive education movement; and description of radical political organizations.
    keywords: books; children; left; mickenberg
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        item: #3842 of 5668
          id: crl-15814
      author: Berman, Sanford
       title: Intellectual Freedom Manual, 7th ed. Comp. the Office for Intellectual Freedom. Chicago: ALA, 2006. 521p. alk. paper, $52 ($46.80 ALA members) (ISBN 0838935613). LC 2005-22409.
        date: 2006-07-01
       words: 1870
      flesch: 47
     summary: Merely two paragraphs deal with the issue of repression in Cuba, particularly the persecution of “independent librar- ians” and destruction of library materials. Learning from the Left has all the hallmarks of being a seminal contribution to a litt le explored aspect of children’s literature and progres- sive social change, it should be read by everyone with an interest in that genre and is a “must purchase” for all library collections serving schools of library and information science, departments of education, and the general public.—Elaine Harger, Mount Si High School, Snoqualmie,
    keywords: ala; libraries; library; rights
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        item: #3843 of 5668
          id: crl-15815
      author: Zhang, Sha Li
       title: Centers for Learning: Writing Centers and Libraries, Eds. James K. Elmborg and Sheril Hook, Chicago: ACRL (Publications in Librarianship, no. 58), 2005. 231p. alk. paper, $28 ($25.20 for ACRL members) (ISBN 0838983359). LC 2005-13806.
        date: 2006-07-01
       words: 1161
      flesch: 44
     summary: Librarians, educators, and writing Index to advertisers ACRL 324 Annual Reviews cover 2 CHOICE 288 EBSCO cover 4 Haworth Press 390 Idea Group cover 3, 287 Library Technology Alliance 369 Oxford University Press 291 Book Reviews 385 professionals will find these chapters informative and useful. The examples dealing with these issues are illuminating and convincing, though on different levels: from the University of Kansas with its top-down, formal struc- ture; to the University of Washington, Bothell, where regular teaching meetings between the two units were instituted to facilitate collaboration; to Saint Joseph College, where the two units mutually conducted workshops, held regular meet- ings, and referred students to each other, thus integrating collaboration into regular work procedures for both units; to South- west Missouri State University (recently renamed Missouri State University), which explored collaboration models from different perspectives.
    keywords: book; units; writing
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        item: #3844 of 5668
          id: crl-15816
      author: Lannon, Thomas
       title: Empowering Marginal Communities with Information Networking. Ed. Rahman Hakikur. Hershey, Pa.: Idea Group, 2006. 363p. $74.95 (paper); $89.95 (cloth) (ISBN 1591406994; 15591407001). LC 2005-20907.
        date: 2006-07-01
       words: 1158
      flesch: 45
     summary: Reviews.indd illuminating and convincing, though on different levels: from the University of Kansas with its top-down, formal struc- ture; to the University of Washington, Bothell, where regular teaching meetings between the two units were instituted to facilitate collaboration; to Saint Joseph College, where the two units mutually conducted workshops, held regular meet- ings, and referred students to each other, thus integrating collaboration into regular work procedures for both units; to South- west Missouri State University (recently renamed Missouri State University), which explored collaboration models from different perspectives. Librarians, educators, and writing Index to advertisers ACRL 324 Annual Reviews cover 2 CHOICE 288 EBSCO cover 4 Haworth Press 390 Idea Group cover 3, 287 Library Technology Alliance 369 Oxford University Press 291 Book Reviews 385 professionals will find these chapters informative and useful.
    keywords: book; information
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        item: #3845 of 5668
          id: crl-15817
      author: Dousa, Thomas
       title: Printing Places: Locations of Book Production & Distribution Since 1500. Eds. John Hinks and Catherine Armstrong. New Castle, Del.; London: Oak Knoll; The British Museum (Print Networks), 2005, 208p. $45 (ISBN 1584561652; 0712349065). LC 2006-271247.
        date: 2006-07-01
       words: 1901
      flesch: 48
     summary: Indeed, one of the book’s great merits is to foreground the diversity of ways in which the concept of “location” can be used within the history of the book trade, encompassing not only the geographical, but also the social and cultural dimensions of book production and distribution. The following essays tackle various aspects of the provincial book trade of the early-to-mid nineteenth century.
    keywords: book; history; ict; social
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        item: #3846 of 5668
          id: crl-15820
      author: Jackson, Pamela A.
       title: Plagiarism Instruction Online: Assessing Undergraduate Students’ Ability to Avoid Plagiarism
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 6047
      flesch: 48
     summary: Students Lack Understanding of Plagia- rism and Proper Paraphrasing Research on academic integrity provides valuable insight into students’ under- standing of plagiarism. individual registered just to test the system, student registered but did not record a score (o en happens when students drop a course before completing the tutorial), or student did not complete both the pre- and pos ests.
    keywords: academic; information; instruction; literacy; paraphrasing; plagiarism; students; tutorial
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        item: #3847 of 5668
          id: crl-15821
      author: Lindsay, Elizabeth Blakesley; Cummings, Lara; Johnson, Corey M.; Scales, B. Jane
       title: If You Build It, Will They Learn? Assessing Online Information Literacy Tutorials
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 10183
      flesch: 59
     summary: Using Griffin, the Washington State University’s Online Catalog1 Confidence Level 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean Score On campus students (47 students) 7 0 0 2 0 4 8 7 5 14 5.9 Distance students (15 students) 5 1 2 0 1 0 2 1 1 2 4.6 *Score of 1 = lowest confidence level; 10 = highest confidence. There is also a great deal of anecdotal evidence that shows that many students are unable to transfer information literacy or research skills to a new discipline or situation.
    keywords: assessment; books; information; library; online; participants; students; tutorial
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        item: #3848 of 5668
          id: crl-15822
      author: Ortega, Lina; Antell, Karen
       title: Tracking Cross-Disciplinary Information Use by Author Affiliation: Demonstration of a Method
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 8988
      flesch: 45
     summary: An- other interesting possibility proposed by Ackerson is that the “lag time” between when articles are published and when they are cited by other disciplines varies from field to field and that “the rate of dif- fusion is slowed between disciplines that are dissimilar.”32 As it becomes more commonplace for departments to encompass a diversity of research, as- signing discipline to articles by author affiliation might lead to the conclusion that there is less cross-disciplinary usage of research from other disciplines.
    keywords: articles; biological; chemistry; citations; disciplinary; discipline; research; results; sciences
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        item: #3849 of 5668
          id: crl-15823
      author: Witte, Sarah; Cargill, Mary
       title: Selected Reference Works, 2005-20061
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 9057
      flesch: 56
     summary: Simple OCR of such material to allow free text searches, even assuming the availability of some more advanced search syntax, falls far short of where publications of this type need to be if they are truly to provide the basis for a fully functional corpus. It is clear that this volume acts as companion to the author’s earlier works, as Comic Art does not encompass, say, comic books, but seems rather to be re- stricted primarily to the “funnies,” while still encompassing sports cartoonists and children’s cartoons.
    keywords: articles; bibliography; edition; encyclopedia; entries; index; new; online; reference; research; subject; volume; works
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        item: #3850 of 5668
          id: crl-15824
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: Bowker, Geoffrey C. Memory Practices in the Sciences. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press (Inside Science), 2006. 312 p. alk. paper, $34.95 (ISBN: 0262025892). LC 2005-50492.
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 1261
      flesch: 61
     summary: The ideal reader would need to be familiar with current theory in information science as well as postmodern theory. A volume in MIT’s Inside Science series on the sociology of science and technol- ogy, Bowker’s wide-ranging work also partakes of elements of the history and philosophy of science.
    keywords: bowker; science
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        item: #3851 of 5668
          id: crl-15826
      author: Collins, John W.
       title: Huber, Mary Taylor, and Pat Hutchings. The Advancement of Learning: Building the Teaching Commons. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2005. 187 p. alk. paper, $35 (ISBN 078798115X). LC 2005-12459.
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 1241
      flesch: 53
     summary: This timely publication from the Carn- egie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching reports on the state of scholar- ship addressing teaching and learning. The creation of a “teaching commons,” as the authors of this volume call it, provides opportunities Book Reviews 481 for educators to explore and share ideas about teaching and learning.
    keywords: learning; teaching
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        item: #3852 of 5668
          id: crl-15827
      author: Geck, Caroline
       title: Tevis, Ray, and Brenda Tevis. The Image of Librarians In Cinema, 1917–1999. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2005. 230 p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 0786421509). LC 2004-29517.
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 1839
      flesch: 53
     summary: Despite the book’s fragmented design, that virtually dictates the lack of a central argument, in the aggregate this collection presents a broad overview of the current issues confronting academic librarians. The work demon- strates—through in-depth examinations of onscreen characteristics—that the im- ages of reel librarians have changed little throughout the years and that the usual stereotypes persist.
    keywords: academic; authors; librarians; teaching
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        item: #3853 of 5668
          id: crl-15829
      author: Mitchell, Nicole
       title: The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web. Ed. William J. Frost. Binghamton, N.Y.: Haworth, 2005. 310 p. alk. paper, $34.95 (paper); $49.95 (cloth) (ISBN 0789028409;0789028395). LC 2004-22799.
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 1350
      flesch: 47
     summary: The Reference Collection combines sixteen articles on all aspects of electronic reference sources, including “a survey of the most important Web-accessible reference tools.” The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web is a timely work on the transition of reference sources to today’s increas- ingly electronic environment.
    keywords: electronic; reference; web
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        item: #3854 of 5668
          id: crl-15830
      author: Islam, Ramona L.; Murno, Lisa Anne
       title: From Perceptions to Connections: Informing Information Literacy Program Planning in Academic Libraries Through Examination of High School Library Media Center Curricula
        date: 2006-11-01
       words: 11133
      flesch: 45
     summary: In order for information literacy instruction to be suc- cessful in secondary schools, collaboration between content area teachers and SLMSs is imperative,16 but teachers who are not information literate themselves are not likely to see the need to collaborate with SLMSs to incorporate information literacy into student learning. Follow- ing are selected comments identifying frequently cited hindrances, including administrative oversight, pedagogy that is not rooted in inquiry-based learning, lack of information literacy skills among content area teachers, lack of collabora- tion, and staffing or budget shortages.
    keywords: information; information literacy; library; percent; respondents; school; skills; students
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        item: #3855 of 5668
          id: crl-15831
      author: Shank, John D.
       title: The Blended Librarian: A Job Announcement Analysis of the Newly Emerging Position of Instructional Design Librarian
        date: 2006-11-01
       words: 4852
      flesch: 37
     summary: Unexpect- edly, only a third required candidates to have instructional design skills even though the phrase “instructional design” occurred in all the job titles of the collec- tion. In one article, he summarized that position announcement studies can be sorted into one of the following three types: “those looking at specific types of positions…, those analyzing specific skills mentioned in position advertisements, and those studying more general issues.”4
    keywords: design; instructional; librarian; position; skills
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        item: #3856 of 5668
          id: crl-15833
      author: Antell, Karen; Engel, Debra
       title: Conduciveness to Scholarship: The Essence of Academic Library as Place
        date: 2006-11-01
       words: 10215
      flesch: 61
     summary: Thus, the data cannot support the conclusion that “scholarly upbringing”—as characterized by the re- search and writing habits formed during graduate school—plays a formative role in shaping scholars’ pa erns of library use or their a itudes toward library space. antell.indd Conduciveness to Scholarship: The Essence of Academic Library as Place Karen Antell and Debra Engel The dawn of the Internet era has prompted many researchers to investi- gate changes in the use of academic libraries, but most studies explore student use, rather than faculty use, of library space.
    keywords: age; libraries; library; percent; physical library; respondents; space; use
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        item: #3857 of 5668
          id: crl-15836
      author: Stilling, Glenn Ellen Starr
       title: Newman, Michael. Teaching Defiance: Stories and Strategies for Activist Educators. A Book Written in Wartime. Foreword by Stephen Brookfield, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2006. 320p. $35 (ISBN 0787985562). LC 2006-4175.
        date: 2006-11-01
       words: 1260
      flesch: 59
     summary: Although Teaching Defiance is his first book to be released by an American publisher, two of his books have won the American Association for Adult and Continuing Education’s Cyril Houle Award for Out- standing Literature in Adult Education. They can ensure that the session also shows students that gathering thorough information from a variety of viewpoints equips citizens to make informed choices.
    keywords: book; newman
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        item: #3858 of 5668
          id: crl-15837
      author: Finnegan, Gregory A.
       title: Pálsdóttir, Ágústa. Health and Lifestyle: Icelanders’ Everyday Life Information Behaviour. 237 + 45p. Åbo, Finland: Åbo Akademi University Press, 2005. (ISBN 9517652720 print; 9517652739 digital)
        date: 2006-11-01
       words: 1910
      flesch: 55
     summary: All in all, though, we don’t usually think about how people in the general population seek, successfully or not, to meet information needs. People are trying to sift out meaningful distinc- tions between what information people think they want, what they think they can do to get it, and—not least—what, if anything, they do with it once they obtain it.
    keywords: behavior; health; information
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        item: #3859 of 5668
          id: crl-15838
      author: Thornton-Verma, Henrietta
       title: Sonn, William J. Paradigms Lost: The Life and Deaths of the Printed Word. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2006. 393p. alk. paper, $35 (ISBN: 0810852624). LC 2005-23073.
        date: 2006-11-01
       words: 1975
      flesch: 61
     summary: Just as in the inven­ tion of the printing press, though, the real revolution that computers have wrought is in our thinking—Sonn observes that “once again, our place in the cosmos shifted when the way we retrieved and used information changed.” Since the study investigated “everyday life information behaviour,” sources and methods of information seeking were all-encompassing: Internet, print and broadcast media, professional consulta­ tions, and conversation with kin, neigh­ bors, friends, and colleagues.
    keywords: book; information; sonn
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        item: #3860 of 5668
          id: crl-15839
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Last One Out Turn Off the Lights: Is This the Future of American and Canadian Libraries? Eds. Susan E. Cleyle and Louise M. McGillis. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2005. 227p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 081085192X). LC 2004-20419.
        date: 2006-11-01
       words: 2031
      flesch: 58
     summary: The existence of a consumer mentality in society needs to drive library services; this is Ranganathan adapted to the 21st century, claims Burton. Despite the rather pessimistic tone of its title, the contributors to this collection of essays are, for the most part, true believers in the mission of libraries and the work of librarians.
    keywords: actual; average; libraries; library
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        item: #3861 of 5668
          id: crl-15842
      author: Dinkelman, Andrea; Stacy-Bates, Kristine
       title: Accessing E-books through Academic Library Web Sites
        date: 2007-01-01
       words: 8218
      flesch: 60
     summary: Table 5 shows the number of occurrences of the most common words appearing in the titles of e-book pages: “E-Book[s],” “Electronic Book[s],” “Electronic Text[s],” and “E-Texts.” Some e-book pages were broadly focused and included e-book links for all subjects.
    keywords: books; electronic; libraries; library; resources; search; web
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        item: #3862 of 5668
          id: crl-15843
      author: Applegate, Rachel
       title: Charting Academic Library Staffing: Data from National Surveys
        date: 2007-01-01
       words: 3834
      flesch: 43
     summary: To provide an overview of librarian distribution among large, medium, and small institutions, librarian to nonlibrarian ratios, and ratios of library staff to students and faculty, a database comprising 1,380 four- year nonspecialized U.S. academic institutions was constructed. SD N Avg. SD Doctoral–Extensive 79 23 20 33 22 13 Doctoral–Intensive 43 31 14 33 52 44 Master’s–I 213 35 20 212 44 37 Master’s–II 17 36 20 67 37 18 Bacc–Liberal Arts 17 28 14 168 26 9 Bacc–General 34 36 20 218 36 27 Bacc–Assoc 10 62 62 24 45 23 N = number of institutions with valid data SD = standard deviation institutions (many small baccalaureate institutions; a few large doctoral institu- tions) and librarians (many employed at small baccalaureate institutions but the majority in larger, doctoral-level institu- tion libraries).
    keywords: academic; data; institutions; librarians; library
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        item: #3863 of 5668
          id: crl-15844
      author: Garrett, Jeffrey
       title: Subject Headings in Full-Text Environments: The ECCO Experiment
        date: 2007-01-01
       words: 6052
      flesch: 55
     summary: f the focus of bibliographic description is the artifact—the precise capture of its physical and textual facts—the focus of subject headings work is the library user and his or her content-related needs and expectations.1 Ideally, subject head- ings enable users not familiar with the literature of a field to identify and gather together relevant works, regardless of their authors, titles, disparate physical locations, and what other major topics they may treat. This article extends arguments recently presented by Gross and Taylor (2005) in two directions: first, by considering the importance of subject headings for access to historical materials; and, second, by examining the value added by subject head- ings even when the full text of a work is available online.
    keywords: century; east; ecco; headings; india; records; subject; subject headings
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        item: #3864 of 5668
          id: crl-15845
      author: Michalski, David
       title: Comparative Perspectives on E-government: Serving Today and Building for Tomorrow. Ed. Peter Heron, Rowena Cullen, and Harold C. Relyea. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2006. 412 p. alk. paper, $50 (paper); $80 (cloth) (ISBN 0810857359;0810853574). LC 2005-33580.
        date: 2007-01-01
       words: 1175
      flesch: 49
     summary: Increasingly, citizens and their lead- ers find themselves not only at a point where they must rethink the means of distributing government information and social goods, but in a position to evaluate the core roles of government agencies in light of the new possibilities presented by information technology. As the title indicates, the editors take a comparative approach, including de- scriptive and evaluative essays focused on e-government policy and practice in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
    keywords: goldberg; government; information
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        item: #3865 of 5668
          id: crl-15846
      author: Veaner, Allen B.
       title: Buckland, Michael. Emanuel Goldberg and His Knowledge Machine: Information, Invention, and Political Forces. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited (New Directions in Information Management), 2006. 380 p. (ISBN 0313313326). LC 2005-34357.
        date: 2007-01-01
       words: 3798
      flesch: 51
     summary: Because of his deep and broad knowledge of library and information science, he is uniquely qualified to research the life and achievements of Emanuel Goldberg, a re- markable but little known scientist. But it is in the field of library and information science where Goldberg’s mind and influence worked to make him a fitting subject of interest to the modern library community.
    keywords: buckland; german; goldberg; information; library; science
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        item: #3866 of 5668
          id: crl-15847
      author: Buschman, John
       title: Cronin, Blaise. The Hand of Science: Academic Writing and Its Rewards. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2005. 214 p. alk. paper, $30 (ISBN 0810852829). LC 2004-24303.
        date: 2007-01-01
       words: 1957
      flesch: 53
     summary: In themselves these topics would be of particular interest to academic librarians since they help situate library work and collections within a larger intellectual framework and describes something of our own intellectual environment. This fascinating book is much more than a history of print culture and libraries among aboriginal peoples in Canada, as its title suggests.
    keywords: book; cronin; peoples
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        item: #3867 of 5668
          id: crl-15848
      author: Kotter, Wade
       title: Edwards, Brendan Frederick R. Paper Talk: A History of Libraries, Print Culture, and Aboriginal Peoples in Canada before 1900. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2005. 221 p. alk. paper, $48 (ISBN 081085113X). LC 2004-18156.
        date: 2007-01-01
       words: 1915
      flesch: 51
     summary: It was in this period that aboriginal peoples and their instructors first began to request books in English to create small libraries for their students. This fascinating book is much more than a history of print culture and libraries among aboriginal peoples in Canada, as its title suggests.
    keywords: aboriginal; libraries; peoples
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        item: #3868 of 5668
          id: crl-15849
      author: Greene, Harlan
       title: Knuth, Rebecca. Burning Books and Leveling Libraries: Extremist Violence and Cultural Destruction. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2006. 233 p. $39.95 (ISBN 0275990079). LC 2006-2747.
        date: 2007-01-01
       words: 1283
      flesch: 52
     summary: The final section examines the fates of libraries in times of war, revolution, and power vacuums. In summary, this provocative, well- written, well-edited, and thoroughly documented study deserves a place on the “must read” list of any academic librarian interested in the history of libraries, the social implications of Western notions of literacy, and/or the provision of library services to aboriginal peoples.
    keywords: knuth; libraries
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        item: #3869 of 5668
          id: crl-15852
      author: Fennewald, Joseph
       title: The ACRL Conferences: A Profile of its Presenters
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 6331
      flesch: 54
     summary: other library journals.9 Adapting the methodology used in these studies will provide the opportunity to compare authors of conference papers with authors of library journal articles. Several studies have identified how these activi- ties differ.41 One of the major differences is that conference papers should “lend themselves to oral presentation.
    keywords: academic; acrl; authors; conferences; papers; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15852.pdf
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        item: #3870 of 5668
          id: crl-15853
      author: Staley, Shannon M.
       title: Academic Subject Guides: A Case Study of Use at San José State University
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 9346
      flesch: 51
     summary: Library Instruction and Subject Guide Use Students who received library instruction at San José State University tended to use subject guide pages more frequently. It was found that seniors used subject guide pages more frequently than juniors (χ2 = 25.436,
    keywords: guides; library; management; page; research; students; subject; use; useful
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        item: #3871 of 5668
          id: crl-15854
      author: Heinzkill, Richard
       title: References in Scholarly English and American Literary Journals Thirty Years Later: A Citation Study
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 7696
      flesch: 57
     summary: More significant is the large portion of these “nonliterary” citations— other subject monographs consti- tuted 41.5 percent (3,825 titles) of the total of the monographs cited from English literature articles and 49.3 percent (2,963 titles) from American literature articles were outside of the literature core. The ar- ticles yielded 20,802 citations (12,595 from journal articles about English literature and 8,207 from journal articles about American literature).
    keywords: american; articles; citations; english; literature; percent; study
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        item: #3872 of 5668
          id: crl-15855
      author: Blessinger, Kelly; Frasier, Michele
       title: Analysis of a Decade in Library Literature: 1994–2004
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 5536
      flesch: 43
     summary: Kalervo Järvelin and Per i Vakkari, “Content Analysis of Research Articles in Library and Information Science,” Library & Information Science Research 12 (Oct.–Dec. 1990): 395–421. 6. Blaise Cronin and Elisabeth Davenport, “Profiling the Professors,” Journal of Information Science 15, no. 1 (1989): 13–20. 9. A. Neil Yerkey, “Publishing in Library and Information Science: Audience, Subjects, Af- filiation, Source, and Format,” Library & Information Science Research 15 (Spring 1993): 165–84.
    keywords: information; journals; libraries; library; literature; research; science
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        item: #3873 of 5668
          id: crl-15856
      author: Allen, Frank R.; Dickie, Mark
       title: Toward a Formula-Based Model for Academic Library Funding: Statistical Significance and Implications of a Model Based upon Institutional Characteristics
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 5882
      flesch: 49
     summary: In a 1992 article, David Baker revealed findings from a survey on resource allocation in university libraries in the United Kingdom. Ma suggested that, in addition to receiving 5 percent of the university’s operational budget, the current model, university libraries should also receive a percentage of the university’s research and grant funding, to be used for acquisition of information resources to support that research.7 Libraries are somewhat of a microcosm of a university, with large staffing, opera- tional, and program-driven costs.
    keywords: academic; funding; libraries; library; model; percent; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15856.pdf
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        item: #3874 of 5668
          id: crl-15858
      author: Geck, Caroline
       title: Beck, Clare. The New Woman as Librarian: The Career of Adelaide Hasse. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2006. 348p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 0810851067). LC 2006-1892.
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 1185
      flesch: 54
     summary: Hasse lived from 1868 to 1953, an important time period in the creation of libraries in this country. Beck compares and contrasts her findings with Dee Garrison’s Apostles of Culture: The Public Librarian and American Society, 1876–1920 (Wisconsin, 2003), which examined the impact of historical events on current li- brarianship and society’s view of libraries.
    keywords: documentation; hasse; library
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        item: #3875 of 5668
          id: crl-15859
      author: Mitchell, W. Bede
       title: Briet, Suzanne. What Is Documentation? English Translation of the Classic French Text. Trans. and ed. Ronald E. Day and Laurent Martinet with Hermina G.B. Anghelescu. Lanham, Md.: Scare-crow, 2006. 84p. alk. paper, $25 (ISBN 0810851092). LC 2005-23628.
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 1269
      flesch: 52
     summary: So while a star, a pebble, and a living animal are not documents, photographs and catalogues of stars are documents, stones in a museum of mineralogy are docu- ments, and animals that are cataloged and shown in a zoo are documents. Books and similar written works are types of docu- ments, and, given Briet’s understanding of documents, it follows that librarians are a type of “documentalist.”
    keywords: briet; documentation
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        item: #3876 of 5668
          id: crl-15861
      author: Hyde, Gene
       title: Meadow, Charles T. Messages, Meaning, and Symbols: The Communication of Information. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2006. 250p. alk. paper, $40 (ISBN 0810852713). LC 2005-23069.
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 1224
      flesch: 55
     summary: Chapter titles in the running heads are extremely inconsistent, and, in one case, an entire chapter’s running head is em- blazoned with the title from the previous chapter. Charles Meadow’s Messages, Meaning, and Symbols is intended to be an introductory text about information, communication, and knowledge for general readers, in- formation science undergraduates, and “anyone from age fourteen or fift een up.”
    keywords: book; information
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        item: #3877 of 5668
          id: crl-15862
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Staikos, Konstantinos. The History of the Library in Western Civilization—Volume II: From Cicero to Hadrian. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll, 2005. 428p. $75 (ISBN: 1584561483). LC 2003-58221.
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 1944
      flesch: 60
     summary: Nor does Staikos provide us with much guidance about the content and arrangement of libraries, other than noting that the scrolls might either be texts or archival records pertaining to family, business, and politics. One would have thought that a work ostensibly focused on the material in- stantiations of culture would have paid at least some attention to the carriers of texts, but Staikos is not really interested in talking about material formats.
    keywords: book; libraries; staikos; text
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        item: #3878 of 5668
          id: crl-15863
      author: York, Maurice C.
       title: Book Talk: Essays on Books, Booksellers, Collecting, and Special Collections. Eds. Robert H. Jackson and Carol Z. Rothkopf. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll, 2006. 265p. $49.95 (ISBN 1584561882). LC 2006-296809.
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 1185
      flesch: 60
     summary: Sponsored by the Fellowship of American Bibliophilic Societies (FABS), an organi- zation that fosters communication and interaction among members of book clubs in the United States, this book contains eighteen essays pertaining to rare books and manuscripts. According to John Crichton, with information about prices easily accessible online, book dealers no longer control the market.
    keywords: book; collections
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        item: #3879 of 5668
          id: crl-15865
      author: Cameron, Lynn; Wise, Steven L.; Lottridge, Susan M.
       title: The Development and Validation of the Information Literacy Test
        date: 2007-05-01
       words: 4500
      flesch: 51
     summary: The ILT can be used to help institutions measure student information literacy outcomes and determine the effectiveness of instruction programs. Information literacy compe- tencies appropriate for higher education have been defined in the form of five standards and twenty-two performance indicators by ACRL.2 Instruction programs at college and university libraries provide course-re- lated instruction, tutorials, and other interventions to support student develop- ment of information literacy skills.
    keywords: ilt; information; literacy; standard; students; test
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15865.pdf
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        item: #3880 of 5668
          id: crl-15868
      author: Kwon, Nahyun; Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J.; Alexander, Linda
       title: Critical Thinking Disposition and Library Anxiety: Affective Domains on the Space of Information Seeking and Use in Academic Libraries
        date: 2007-05-01
       words: 5708
      flesch: 39
     summary: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the nature of the association between critical thinking disposition and library anxiety among graduate students. Specifically, whereas critical thinking disposition is positively related to performance in academic-re- lated activities,33 library anxiety is nega- tively associated with academic-related achievements, such as research proposal writing,34,35 grade point average,36 and performance in research methodology courses.37,38 Moreover, Anthony Onwuegbuzie, Qun Jiao, and Sharon Bostick suggested that library anxiety hinders information search performance by impeding stu- dents’ ability to receive, to concentrate on, and to encode information necessary for the research proposal writing pro- cess.39 They explained this phenomenon by speculating that library anxiety may create cognitive interference by causing the students to shi from task-relevant to task-irrelevant thoughts.
    keywords: anxiety; critical; critical thinking; library; library anxiety; students; thinking
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        item: #3881 of 5668
          id: crl-15869
      author: Nash, Katie
       title: Bosmajian, Haig. Burning Books. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2006. 233p. alk. paper, $39.95 (ISBN 9780786422081). LC 2005-35201.
        date: 2007-05-01
       words: 1187
      flesch: 55
     summary: He also examines the progres- sion of various types of languages and phrases that have been associated with burned books and provides a plethora of detail associated with the “why” and “what for” of books being diminished to ashes throughout the centuries. Haig Bosmajian’s comprehensive work, Burning Books, explores worldwide incidents of book burnings throughout history and the roles that authors play in these destructive rituals.
    keywords: books; burning
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        item: #3882 of 5668
          id: crl-15870
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: Frank, David John, and Jay Gabler. Re-constructing the University: Worldwide Shifts in Academia in the 20th Century. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2006. 248p. alk. paper, $19.95 (paper); $50 (cloth) (ISBN 0804753768; 080475375X). LC 2006-6596.
        date: 2007-05-01
       words: 1267
      flesch: 54
     summary: This book is a great resource for anyone interested in studying the act of book burning across the world and throughout the centuries. Additionally, the author approaches this subject in a unique fashion by dividing the burned into broad categories of types of books and lead- ing the reader through a chronological history of each category.
    keywords: book; medical
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        item: #3883 of 5668
          id: crl-15871
      author: Bolstad, Judy P.
       title: Groen, Frances K. Access to Medical Knowledge: Libraries, Digitization, and the Public Good. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2007. 281p. alk. paper, $55 (ISBN 0810852721). LC 2006-20465.
        date: 2007-05-01
       words: 1279
      flesch: 53
     summary: The conclusion introduces several problems that medical librarians will have to face in the future; most important of these: being able to provide access to medical information as well as being able to preserve it. Her purpose is clearly achieved, as powerful influences from wars, politics, and society have contributed greatly to the choices and services offered by medical libraries.
    keywords: book; medical
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        item: #3884 of 5668
          id: crl-15872
      author: Bland, Robert
       title: Human Computer Interaction Research in Web Design and Evaluation. Eds. Panayiotis Zaphiris and Sri Kurnianan. Hershey, Pa.: Idea Group, 2007. 319p. $79.95 (paper); $94.95 (cloth) (ISBN 1599042479; 1599042460). LC 2006-19158.
        date: 2007-05-01
       words: 1266
      flesch: 50
     summary: Section IV, called “Evaluation,” turns directly to the topic of Web site usability and offers several essays on Web site usability evalu- ation and usability testing. Librarians, as the stewards often of large and complex Web sites, have a direct and immediate interest in understanding and employing effective Web site usability testing tech- niques.
    keywords: google; web
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        item: #3885 of 5668
          id: crl-15874
      author: Lum, Raymond
       title: The Impact of Technology on Asian, African and Middle Eastern Library Collections. Ed. R.N. Sharma. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow (Libraries and Librarianship: An International Perspective, No. 1), 2006. 292p. alk. paper, $50 (ISBN 0810854481). LC 2006-2784.
        date: 2007-05-01
       words: 1460
      flesch: 65
     summary: MYLL� ^P[O� `V\Y� Z\IZJYPW[PVU�PU�LSLJ[YVUPJ�HUK�WYPU[�MVYTH[Z� Free Trial Subscription -VY�H�MYLL�[YPHS�Z\IZJYPW[PVU�[V�[OL�LSLJ[YVUPJ� ]LYZPVU�VM�PMLA��VY�MVY�TVYL�PUMVYTH[PVU�� WSLHZL�^YP[L�VY�JHSS�3PIYHY`�:\IZJYPW[PVUZ�� 4VKLYU� 3HUN\HNL� ( ZZVJPH[PVU�� ��� )YVHK^H �̀��YK�ÅVVY��5L^�@VYR��5@������� ��� ��������������MH_�������������� Z\IZJYPW'TSH�VYN� (SS�WYPJLZ�Z\IQLJ[�[V�JOHUNL� THE LEADING JOURNAL IN LITERARY STUD­ IES FOR MORE THAN A CENTURY, PMLA REACHES 32,200 SUBSCRIBERS (INCLUDING 2,400 LIBRARIES) —THE LARGEST CIRCU­ LATION OF ANY SCHOLARLY JOURNAL IN THE HUMANITIES. And yet we learn of the limitations of information technology in both poor and richer countries, such as the Chinese government’s tight control over electronic news sources and the reliance of some African nations on nonsustain- able foreign donors.
    keywords: information
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        item: #3886 of 5668
          id: crl-15875
      author: Wrubel, Laura; Schmidt, Kari
       title: Usability Testing of a Metasearch Interface: A Case Study
        date: 2007-07-01
       words: 8186
      flesch: 55
     summary: 7 38.89% Used browser “Back” button to return to search screen from results list 8 44.44% Used Previous or Next or browser “Back” and given unexpected 8 44.44% results when navigating among results list views (table, brief, full record) Commented on Advanced Search tab but did not use it 6 33.33% Modified search from specific to broad 5 27.78% Cross Search Selected subject category 16 88.89% Liked ability to choose subject categories 14 77.78% Changed subject category or subcategory 10 55.56% Used search link or tab in toolbar 9 50.00% Used results list link to navigate among results 9 50.00% Selected subcategory within subject category 8 44.44% Entered search statement as a string of words and/or phrases describ- 8 44.44% ing multiple concepts Expressed that left column labels unclear 7 38.89% Expressed confusion over subcategory names and/or which to select 7 38.89% Searching & Navigation 2.1 Used Boolean Operators 2.2 Entered search statement as a string of words and/or phrases describing mul- tiple concepts 2.3 Used operators or wild cards not supported by MetaLib 2.4 Commented on Advanced Search tab but did not use it 2.5 Used Advanced Search 2.6 Modified search from specific to broad 2.7 Modified search from broad to specific 2.8 Used Refine page 2.9 Used search link or tab in toolbar Usability Testing of a Metasearch Interface 305 2.10 Clicked on previous searches link in toolbar 2.11 Used results list link to navigate among results 2.12 Used browser “Back” button to return to search screen from results list 2.13 Used Previous or Next or browser “Back” and given unexpected results when navigating among results list views (table, brief, full record)
    keywords: interface; list; metasearch; results; search; students; usability
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        item: #3887 of 5668
          id: crl-15877
      author: Navin, John C.; Starratt, Jay
       title: Does Open Access Really Make Sense? A Closer Look at Chemistry, Economics, and Mathematics
        date: 2007-07-01
       words: 2958
      flesch: 53
     summary: The metric they report to measure this is the ratio of “reads” to citations in open access journals. The authors’ intent is not to draw broad conclusions but simply to inform the wider discussion of open access.
    keywords: access; bibliography; journals; open
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        item: #3888 of 5668
          id: crl-15878
      author: Kraemer, Elizabeth W.; Lombardo, Shawn V.; Lepkowski, Frank J.
       title: The Librarian, the Machine, or a Little of Both: A Comparative Study of Three Information Literacy Pedagogies at Oakland University
        date: 2007-07-01
       words: 7224
      flesch: 45
     summary: ”10 Offering online library instruction in a courseware environment can add yet another layer of usability to an instruc- tional program. One such study was conducted in 1998 at Western Kentucky University, where online library instruction delivered via WebCT was compared to classroom instruction for a one-credit library re- search skills course.
    keywords: final; instruction; library; library instruction; online; students; test
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        item: #3889 of 5668
          id: crl-15879
      author: Jones, D. Yvonne
       title: How Much Do the “Best” Colleges Spend on Libraries? Using College Rankings to Provide Library Financial Benchmarks
        date: 2007-07-01
       words: 5223
      flesch: 57
     summary: In contrast, the larger groups of NCES–Lib- eral Arts College Libraries (N=216) and NCES–All Academic Libraries (N=3,700) showed right-skewing of values, with higher mean than median results. “Reference Transac- tions/Week” showed higher val- ues for the top two thirds of the USN&WR group, while the bot- tom third of the USN&WR rank- ing and the NCES–Liberal Arts College Libraries group were es- TA B L E 1 F T E a nd I np ut M ea su re s fo r To p- R an ke d L ib er al A rt s C ol le ge L ib ra ri es , A ll L ib er al A rt s C ol le ge L ib ra ri es , an d A ll A ca de m ic L ib ra ri es , M ea n an d (M ed ia n) V al ue s To ta
    keywords: academic; college; libraries; library; nces
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        item: #3890 of 5668
          id: crl-15880
      author: Kinkus, Jane
       title: Project Management Skills: A Literature Review and Content Analysis of Librarian Position Announcements
        date: 2007-07-01
       words: 6739
      flesch: 46
     summary: And second, assuming that project management skills are important for librarians, is project management currently being taught in library science master’s degree programs? They also reported that, as libraries and librarians acquire more experience with electronic resources and digital projects, more functional areas throughout the institution are involved.27 Therefore, not only does the progression of technology seem to be introducing more opportuni- ties for project-based work in libraries, but the increased complexity caused by a project’s need for expertise from multiple departments leads to an increased need for project management skills in modern librarian jobs.
    keywords: ads; job; management; manager; project; project management; skills
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        item: #3891 of 5668
          id: crl-15881
      author: Quintana, Isabel del Carmen
       title: Baca, Murtha, et al. Cataloging Cultural Objects: A Guide to Describing Cultural Works and Their Images. Chicago: American Library Association on behalf of the Visual Resources Association, 2006. 396p. $75 (ISBN 0838935648). LC 2006-13342.
        date: 2007-07-01
       words: 1322
      flesch: 64
     summary: Cataloging Cultural Objects is a detailed and thorough manual that helps a cata- loger, or noncataloger, deal with the attri- butes particular to cultural objects—from small pieces of realia, to buildings—from sections of a painting to digitized images of artworks. The guide was still helpful in bringing to my attention certain concepts and properties that are unique to cultural objects.
    keywords: cataloging; guide
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        item: #3892 of 5668
          id: crl-15882
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: Libraries & Culture: Historical Essays Honoring the Legacy of Donald G. Davis, Jr. Eds. Cheryl Knott Malone, Hermina G.B. Anghelescu, and John Mark Tucker. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress Center for the Book, 2006. 294p. alk. paper, $25 (ISBN 0844411558). LC 2006-18763.
        date: 2007-07-01
       words: 1322
      flesch: 56
     summary: The pioneering contributions of Davis’s generation of advocates for library history may be taken for granted today. Even more recently, the fashion for the history of books and reading has lured scholars from other disciplines into the territory of library history.
    keywords: history; libraries; library
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        item: #3893 of 5668
          id: crl-15884
      author: Pavelich, David
       title: Stueart, Robert D. International Librarianship: A Basic Guide to Global Knowledge Access. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow (Libraries and Librarianship: An International Perspective, No. 2), 2007. 247p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 0810858762). LC 2006-22209.
        date: 2007-07-01
       words: 1851
      flesch: 45
     summary: Stueart has excelled in assembling an amazing amount of basic information about his five primary subjects. The book “at- tempts to provide important background directions so [comparative research] can be undertaken more expediently”; the book is intended “as a basic guide for those interested in… the concept of universal librarianship, as well as an aid to profes- sors and students”; the book’s goal “is to provide basic background information for those seeking to study libraries and librari- anship in the global arena.”
    keywords: information; international; stueart
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        item: #3894 of 5668
          id: crl-15885
      author: Williams, Elizabeth M.
       title: Teaching Information Literacy Skills to Social Sciences Students & Practitioners: A Casebook of Applications. Eds. Douglas Cook and Natasha Cooper. Chicago: ACRL, 2006. 289p. alk. paper, $39 (ISBN 0838983898). LC 2006-19905.
        date: 2007-07-01
       words: 909
      flesch: 48
     summary: The frame- work of every lesson is unique, with librarians and faculty bringing their individual expertise and experience to the classroom. Im- possible to read all the way through in one sitting, Teaching Information Literacy to Social Sciences Students & Practitioners is a well-designed and well-written reference resource for all teaching librar- ians.—Elizabeth M. Williams, Appalachian State University. !
    keywords: information
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        item: #3895 of 5668
          id: crl-15886
      author: Buckland, Michael; Chen, Aitao; Gey, Fredric C.; Larson, Ray R.; Mostern, Ruth; Petras, Vivien
       title: Geographic Search: Catalogs, Gazetteers, and Maps
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 6597
      flesch: 59
     summary: The traditional reliance on place names and political jurisdictions needs to be complemented by greater attention to space, using latitude and longitude. Cultural discourse tends to be about places rather than spaces and, being cultural and linguistic, place names tend to be multiple, ambiguous, and unstable.
    keywords: area; catalog; gaze; geographic; library; map; place; search
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        item: #3896 of 5668
          id: crl-15887
      author: Seaman, Scott
       title: Estimating Salary Compression in an ARL Institution: A University of Colorado at Boulder Case Study
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 7925
      flesch: 46
     summary: Within academics, the most commonly asserted cause for salary compression is that of a labor shortage. Multiple regression analysis is used to determine if there is evidence of salary compression among the librarians at the University of Colorado at Boulder.
    keywords: compression; faculty; librarians; salaries; salary; senior; years
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        item: #3897 of 5668
          id: crl-15888
      author: Johnson, Peggy
       title: Retaining and Advancing Librarians of Color
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 6809
      flesch: 49
     summary: 4. Have you collaborated with other institute participants (either in your class or from other classes) to: • Conduct a research project • Give a presentation at a professional meeting The purpose was to determine if participants had remained in the field of librarianship, if they felt the institutes had a positive influence on their careers (as evidenced in new positions, promotions, or positions with greater responsibility), and if they had collaborated with institute colleagues in professional activities.
    keywords: career; community; group; institute; librarians; mentoring; participants; professional
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        item: #3898 of 5668
          id: crl-15889
      author: Lewis, David W.
       title: A Strategy for Academic Libraries in the First Quarter of the 21st Century
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 10265
      flesch: 59
     summary: The rede- velopment of library space should be an a ractive philanthropic opportunity and will likely be funded in large part with external funds. The redevelopment of library space will require financial resources beyond what can be expected to be recouped from the transition from print to elec- tronic resources.
    keywords: academic; april; available; collections; information; libraries; library; new; print; resources; space
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        item: #3899 of 5668
          id: crl-15890
      author: Martell, Charles
       title: The Elusive User: Changing Use Patterns in Academic Libraries 1995 to 2004
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 4882
      flesch: 55
     summary: Charles Martell This article documents changes in library use during the past decade. Reference ARL Libraries Between 1995 and 2004, reference transac- tions declined 42 percent in ARL libraries.
    keywords: arl; available; libraries; library; online; statistics
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        item: #3900 of 5668
          id: crl-15891
      author: Witte, Sarah; Cargill, Mary
       title: Selected Reference Works, 2006–2007
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 6772
      flesch: 57
     summary: In her preface, the author takes pains to elucidate the criteria for inclusion of the 85 artists profiled here, addressing “whether Jewish American art need only be art made by a Jewish American, independent of content, or if both the artist’s and the artwork’s identity must be Jewish” (p. xiii). Volume 1, A–C, of the New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible (Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon Pr., 2007–; 1st ed. titled Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, 1962.
    keywords: art; arts; edition; encyclopedia; entries; library; new; reference; research; works
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        item: #3901 of 5668
          id: crl-15893
      author: Cherry, Kevin
       title: Brogan, Martha. Contexts and Contributions: Building the Distributed Library. Washington, D.C.: Digital Library Federation, 2006. 282p. alk. paper, $35 (ISBN 9781933645339). LC 2006-22847. Also available online at http://purl.oclc.org/DLF/pubs/dlf106.
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 1278
      flesch: 56
     summary: At the same time, she also manages to provide those more familiar with digital library concepts ample fodder for the creation of their own analyses, while refraining from revealing what it all means and where it is all go- ing—probably because there is no way of making such a forecast at this point, scholarly or otherwise. She envisions digital libraries becoming more user-centered, as “bridges” are built to encourage the migration of digital objects from the digital library context to individual and collaborative digital workspaces and classrooms.
    keywords: digital; library
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        item: #3902 of 5668
          id: crl-15894
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Doubleday, Richard B. Jan Tschichold, Designer: The Penguin Years. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll; Aldershot, U.K.: Lund Humphries, 2006. 218p. alk. paper, $39.95 (ISBN 1584561785; 0853319464). LC 2006-284193.
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 1985
      flesch: 62
     summary: This work is a successful, substantial snapshot of digital library development, and one relatively unblurred for having been taken of a subject not only in motion, but motions. The understated elegance and beauty of Penguins in their heyday was in no small measure due to the impact of one of the 20th century’s giants of book design, Jan Tschichold.
    keywords: design; digital; penguin; tschichold
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        item: #3903 of 5668
          id: crl-15895
      author: Thornton-Verma, Etta
       title: Edwards, G. Edward, and Patricia Layzell Ward. Leadership Basics for Librarians and Information Professionals. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2007. 246p. alk. paper, $40 (ISBN 0810852292). LC 2006-26885.
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 1238
      flesch: 60
     summary: This book will be a worthwhile purchase, enabling prospec- tive leaders to prepare for the challenge or decide that it is not for them and helping current leaders to become more eff ective.—Ett a Thornton-Verma, School Library Journal. They emphasize a vexing prob- lem: though most leaders come from the ranks of management, the qualities September 2007 required in the two positions are almost complete opposites.
    keywords: book; leadership
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        item: #3904 of 5668
          id: crl-15896
      author: Greene, Harlan
       title: Jenkins, Paul O. Faculty-Librarian Relationships. Oxford, England: Chandos (Chandos Information Professional Series), 2005. 166p. $55 (paper); $99.95 (cloth) (ISBN 1843341166; 1843341174).
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 1837
      flesch: 50
     summary: If a counterbalance of interviews with academic librarians had been included, the book would have had a broader appeal and could have built a similar empathy for librarians; faculty reading the book could have been educated, and students entering the field of academic librarianship could have learned much about the ranks they would be joining, as well as learning about the lives of faculty members. Hernon argues that skilled leadership is more essential than ever, as familiarity with information policy—with its constantly changing and complicated interplay between public policy, informa- tion science, and economics—becomes ever more crucial for decision makers within academic libraries.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; library
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        item: #3905 of 5668
          id: crl-15897
      author: Maxwell, Lynne F.
       title: Making a Difference: Leadership and Academic Libraries. Eds. Peter Hernon and Nancy Rossiter. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2007. 300p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 1591582911). LC 2006-031713.
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 966
      flesch: 41
     summary: Successful library leaders cultivate and employ these skills strategically to gener- ate necessary organizational change. Hernon argues that skilled leadership is more essential than ever, as familiarity with information policy—with its constantly changing and complicated interplay between public policy, informa- tion science, and economics—becomes ever more crucial for decision makers within academic libraries.
    keywords: leadership; library
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        item: #3906 of 5668
          id: crl-15900
      author: Vega, Robert D.; Connell, Ruth S.
       title: Librarians’ Attitudes Toward Conferences: A Study
        date: 2007-11-01
       words: 7010
      flesch: 64
     summary: Vega.indd Librarians’ A itudes Toward Conferences: A Study Robert D. Vega and Ruth S. Connell The authors surveyed librarians to determine the reasons why they do or do not attend conferences, as well as what their attitudes were toward the various conference offerings such as roundtables, poster presentations, and the like. Librarians’ A itudes Toward Conferences 513 Conclusion The purpose of this study was to deter- mine the reasons librarians a end con- ferences and, in turn, provide insight to those who plan conferences with regard to what people are interested in and what could use improvement.
    keywords: conferences; important; librarians; people; percent; respondents
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        item: #3907 of 5668
          id: crl-15901
      author: Chrzastowski, Tina E.; Naun, Chew Chiat; Norman, Michael; Schmidt, Karen
       title: Feast AND Famine: A Statewide Science Serial Collection Assessment in Illinois
        date: 2007-11-01
       words: 7504
      flesch: 52
     summary: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of CARLI, the Consortium of Academic and Research Libraries in Illinois, and wish to especially thank graduate assistants Esra Coskun and Jacquelyn Erdman for their hours of work searching serial titles. To utilize the Ulrich’s database, a plain-text tab delimited file of ISSNs corresponding to serial titles held in the institution’s collection was uploaded to Ulrich’s.
    keywords: collection; college; illinois; libraries; print; science; serial; study; subscriptions; titles
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        item: #3908 of 5668
          id: crl-15902
      author: Kim, Kyung-Sun; Chiu, Ming-Hsin; Sin, Sei-Ching Joanna; Robbins, Louise
       title: Recruiting a Diverse Workforce for Academic/Research Librarianship: Career Decisions of Subject Specialists and Librarians of Color
        date: 2007-11-01
       words: 9038
      flesch: 44
     summary: Master Doctoral Total Type of Library Counts % of Counts % of Counts % of Column Column Column Academic/Research 147 61.2% 38 69.1% 185 62.7% and Archives Public, School, 71 29.6% 8 14.5% 79 26.8% and Special Others 22 9.2% 9 16.4% 31 10.5% Total 240 100.0% 55 100.0% 295 100.0% *Out of 326 participants, 295 of them responded to this answer. Degree Doctoral Degree Number % of cases* (n=79) Number % of cases* (n=79) Number % of cases* (n=79) Arts 4 5.1% 2 2.5% 0 0.0% Business 7 8.9% 3 3.8% 0 0.0% Education 8 10.1% 3 3.8% 0 0.0% Humanities 24 30.4% 4 5.1% 1 1.3% Laws 0 0% 3 3.8% 1 1.3% LIS 7 8.9% 76 96.2% 4 5.0% Medical Sciences 3 3.8% 1 1.3% 0 0.0% Natural Sciences 4 5.1% 3 3.8% 0 0.0% Social Sciences 26 32.9% 7 8.9% 1 1.3% Other 8 10.1% 1 1.3% 1 1.3% N/A 0 0.0% 1 1.3% 71 89.8% Total 91 115.2% 103 130.4% 79 100.0% *
    keywords: academic; color; libraries; library; lis; recruitment; research; study; subject
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        item: #3909 of 5668
          id: crl-15903
      author: Dousa, Thomas
       title: Briscoe, Peter. The Best Read Man in France: A Cautionary Tale. Rockville, Md.: Borgo Press (an imprint of Wild-side Press), 2007. 119p. $12.95 (ISBN 1434400808).
        date: 2007-11-01
       words: 1912
      flesch: 46
     summary: In the book under review, he presents a heartfelt critique of the digitization of libraries and defense of traditional book culture in the form of a novella embodying a “cautionary tale about the demise of the printed book, the decline of reading, and the confl ict of print and digital culture.” Briscoe’s basic message seems to be that, whereas libraries have historically been the natural allies of the bibliophilic forces of light, their recent turn toward fund- ing for digital resources to the detriment of book acquisition and preservation is turning them into abettors of the forces of darkness.
    keywords: book; librarian; libraries
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        item: #3910 of 5668
          id: crl-15906
      author: Finnegan, Gregory
       title: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Knowledge Management. Ed. David J. Pauleen, Westport, Conn. and London: Libraries Unlimited (Libraries Unlimited Knowledge Management Series), 2007. 259p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 1591583314). LC 2006-28274.
        date: 2007-11-01
       words: 1882
      flesch: 52
     summary: Extent and nature of circulation (Average figures denote the average number of copies printed each issue during the preceding twelve months; actual figures denote actual number of copies of single issue published nearest filing date: September 2007 issue.) 15a. That is, one cannot rely on this book to learn new techniques or approaches, and still less can one be instructed by concrete examples of actual problems or solutions.
    keywords: actual; average; book
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        item: #3911 of 5668
          id: crl-15907
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: The Role of the Library in the First College Year. Ed. Larry Hardesty. Columbia, S.C.: National Resource Center for the First-Year Experience & Students in Transition, University of South Carolina (The First-Year Experience Monograph Series, no. 45), 2007. 296p. $40 (ISBN 1889271543). LC 2006-100837.
        date: 2007-11-01
       words: 1230
      flesch: 48
     summary: “Initiatives” chapters provide information on best practices, including studies of librarian involve- ment in FYE programs across the country, and of the emergence of the “First-Year- Experience Librarian” as a professional position supporting the development of sustainable, programmatic collaboration between librarians and FYE educators. Librarian involvement with FYE programs (and with fi rst-year student instruction more broadly) has been documented many times, but this collection represents the most substan- tial attempt to bring discussions of the academic library as a “critical and central learning environment of undergraduate education in the United States” into the mainstream literature of higher educa- tion.
    keywords: fye; information
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        item: #3912 of 5668
          id: crl-15909
      author: Liu, Shu
       title: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites
        date: 2008-01-01
       words: 15733
      flesch: 77
     summary: Beyond providing information about libraries and library services, academic library Web sites provide access to online catalogs, electronic databases, subject resources, library instruction/tu- torials, and digital collections. In align- ment with each institution’s mission, academic library Web sites are gateways to information that supports faculty and student research and educational needs.
    keywords: al s; ce s; ck s; ew s; rc es; rc h
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        item: #3913 of 5668
          id: crl-15910
      author: Whittaker, Beth M.
       title: Using Circulation Systems for Special Collections: Tracking Usage, Promoting the Collection, and Addressing the Backlogs
        date: 2008-01-01
       words: 3849
      flesch: 42
     summary: Special collections materials generally do not circulate outside a carefully con- trolled environment. Circulation data for special collections materials may also lead to collection development decisions, such as acquiring resources in an area previ- ously thought less important to users.
    keywords: circulation; collections; materials; special; system
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        item: #3914 of 5668
          id: crl-15911
      author: Chen, Kuan-nien; Lin, Pei-chun
       title: Organizational Learning in the Evaluation Procedures: A Qualitative Study
        date: 2008-01-01
       words: 7643
      flesch: 49
     summary: Thus, the general research question of this study is: Does organizational learning occur in the procedures of library evaluation? Although there has been recognition of a range of different types of library evaluation, and increasing sophistication in the actual tools of evaluation, there has been insufficient attention to how library evaluation can be integrated into the library as a continuing planning and responding process.13 That is, evaluation should ideally be a built-in process, con- http:process.13 http:sustained.12 http:achieved.11 38 College & Research Libraries January 2008 ducted by the library itself.
    keywords: learning; libraries; library; organizational; organizational learning; staff
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        item: #3915 of 5668
          id: crl-15913
      author: Vallmitjana, Núria; Sabaté, L. G.
       title: Citation Analysis of Ph.D. Dissertation References as a Tool for Collection Management in an Academic Chemistry Library
        date: 2008-01-01
       words: 4377
      flesch: 62
     summary: It is important to mention that the number of journals needed to cover 50 percent of journal citations is very dif- ferent between the Gooden study and our study. The relation- ship between the number of cited articles and the number of cited journals is 7.1.
    keywords: analysis; citations; journals; percent
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        item: #3916 of 5668
          id: crl-15916
      author: Harger, Elaine
       title: Johansen, Bruce E. Silenced: Academic Freedom, Scientific Inquiry, and the First Amendment Under Siege in America. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2007. 185p. alk. paper, $49.95 (ISBN 0275996867). LC 2007-8456.
        date: 2008-01-01
       words: 1795
      flesch: 51
     summary: Although most people and politicians in the United States have largely been liv- ing as if in the Dark Ages when it comes to climate change, the international scientific community has been researching and documenting global warming for decades and knows for certain that the observed changes are not part of earth’s natural climate cycle but are caused directly by human activity. Johansen focuses chapter 1, “Weather Wars: Hard Science and Hardball Poli- tics,” on the world of James E. Hansen, director of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Science and a true (and truth- ful) expert on climate change.
    keywords: book; johansen; public; science
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        item: #3917 of 5668
          id: crl-15917
      author: White, Marilyn Domas
       title: Keeran, Peggy, Suzanne Moulton-Gertig, Michael Levine-Clark, Nonny Schlot-zhauer, Esther Gil, Christopher C. Brown, Joseph Kraus, Carrie Forbes, and Jennifer Bowers. Research Within the Disciplines: Foundations for Reference and Library Instruction. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2007. 267p. alk. paper, $35 (ISBN 0810856883). LC 2006-32340.
        date: 2008-01-01
       words: 1924
      flesch: 50
     summary: Johansen gives a thorough examina- tion of this complex case, beginning in the preface to Silenced when he describes his own connection to the case and in chapter 4 telling the fascinating story of how Churchill’s detractors used his own shortcomings as a scholar to fuel their virulent attacks to bring him down. Chapters 5 and 6 continue the exami- nation of the state of academic freedom, with the last chapter, titled “Terrorology 101,” focusing on the most troubling development in post-9/11 United States, which is the targeting for persecution of foreign faculty and students, along with anyone who questions U.S. foreign policy, by “defenders” of “homeland security.”
    keywords: book; chapter; research
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        item: #3918 of 5668
          id: crl-15919
      author: McCombs, Gillian M.
       title: Understanding Knowledge as a Commons: From Theory to Practice. Eds. Charlotte Hess and Elinor Ostrom. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2007. 367p., $36 (ISBN 0262083574). LC 2006-27385.
        date: 2008-01-01
       words: 1623
      flesch: 55
     summary: The focus is on the broadest possible interpretation of the information commons—“the entire social and cultural area of free speech, shared knowledge and creative expression in the digital age” (to quote the LC author- ity record)! The more traditional understanding of “commons” (as a shared natural resource or gathering place) is explicated to lay the groundwork for the analysis of knowl- edge as a commons, and thereby allows us to begin to understand the many ramifica- tions of thinking of knowledge as a shared resource with all the rights and privileges pertaining thereto.
    keywords: commons; information; knowledge
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        item: #3919 of 5668
          id: crl-15920
      author: Fennewald, Joseph
       title: Research Productivity Among Librarians: Factors Leading to Publications at Penn State
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 6625
      flesch: 56
     summary: Given the demands of their positions, almost all librarians interviewed identified time as the major hindrance to accomplish- ing research. However, being part of an institution, where everyone is expected to participate in research, may be the most critical factor.
    keywords: academic; librarians; library; penn; research; state
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        item: #3920 of 5668
          id: crl-15921
      author: Kwon, Nahyun
       title: A Mixed-Methods Investigation of the Relationship between Critical Thinking and Library Anxiety among Undergraduate Students in their Information Search Process
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 8094
      flesch: 43
     summary: The second objective of this research was to further explore the underlying mechanism that explains the association between critical thinking disposition and library anxiety by analyzing student es- says. For the qualitative essay data, content analysis was conducted to obtain insight on the nature of the associa- tion between critical thinking dispositions and library anxiety.
    keywords: anxiety; critical; critical thinking; information; library; library anxiety; students; thinking
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        item: #3921 of 5668
          id: crl-15922
      author: Pinto, Maria; Fernández-Ramos, Andrés; Doucet, Anne-Vinciane
       title: Measuring Students’ Information Literacy Skills through Abstracting: Case Study from a Library & Information Science Perspective
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 11306
      flesch: 52
     summary: Text Assessment When the students were asked how familiar they were with the text subject area and how complicated they found the terminology, the following opinions were obtained: Familiarity with the subject area was higher in final course students, 5 0 course students who had more experience in information analysis. — Identify the general structure of the text.
    keywords: abstracting; course students; final; information; keywords; sentences; skills; stages; students; text
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        item: #3922 of 5668
          id: crl-15923
      author: White, Howard D.
       title: Better Than Brief Tests: Coverage Power Tests of Collection Strength 
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 10628
      flesch: 66
     summary: Moreover, taken literally, these definitions still imply that librarians will match collections in thousands of subjects against multiple complex criteria and rate them in three separate aspects: current collection level, acquisition commitment, and collection goal. It involves dividing collection title counts by literature title counts at each interval of the scale and converting the decimal fractions to percentages.9 All members of my class did so successfully to produce tables like Table 4.
    keywords: collection; coverage; level; libraries; library; literature; scale; tests
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        item: #3923 of 5668
          id: crl-15924
      author: Witte, Sarah; Cargill, Mary
       title: Selected Reference Works, 2007
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 7281
      flesch: 57
     summary: This groundbreaking digital collection is the first of its kind to combine resources that support theoreti- cal and evidence-based approaches while also validating practice wisdom, offering previously unavailable access to tran- scripts of psychotherapy sessions as well as full text of selected reference sources and handbooks. Print and online U.S. government copyright sources were also used, but only to verify names appearing in other sources (a forth- coming volume will list pseudonyms identified only in copyright sources).
    keywords: encyclopedia; entries; history; information; libraries; library; list; names; new; reference; volume; work
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        item: #3924 of 5668
          id: crl-15926
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: College Libraries and the Teaching/Learning Process: Selections from the Writings of Evan Ira Farber. Ed. David Gansz, Richard Hume Werking, Lynn Scott Cochrane, and Pyke Jr. Johnson. Richmond, Ind.: Earlham College Press, 2007. 247p. $29 (ISBN 9781117181).
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 1303
      flesch: 52
     summary: Evan Farber’s writings are already widely available in the literature, and what the field needed was not another container in which Farber’s work could be housed, but, rather, an opportunity for today’s leading college and instruction librar- ians to explore and debate the ongoing significance of his ideas and his life’s work. While Farber might not have imagined the ways in which college 190 College & Research Libraries and university libraries would become tied together through statewide consor- tia, resource-sharing agreements, and online catalogs that facilitate patron-initi- ated borrowing (or the degree to which community colleges would become an integral part of this equation through con- sortia, distance learning, and articulation programs), his basic question remains sound: what are the unique opportuni- ties presented to librarians in the college setting, and how can the identifi cation of excellence in that arena complement the discussion of excellence in library service as defined more typically by the experi- ence of the university library?
    keywords: college; farber
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        item: #3925 of 5668
          id: crl-15927
      author: Jagodzinski, Cecile M.
       title: Jeanneney, Jean-Noël. Google and the Myth of Universal Knowledge: A View from Europe. Trans. Teresa Lavender Fagan. Chicago; London: University of Chicago Press, 2007. 92p. alk. paper, $11 (paper); $18 (cloth) (ISBN 0226395782;0226395774). LC 2006-19650.
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 1944
      flesch: 54
     summary: and university libraries would become tied together through statewide consor- tia, resource-sharing agreements, and online catalogs that facilitate patron-initi- ated borrowing (or the degree to which community colleges would become an integral part of this equation through con- sortia, distance learning, and articulation programs), his basic question remains sound: what are the unique opportuni- ties presented to librarians in the college setting, and how can the identifi cation of excellence in that arena complement the discussion of excellence in library service as defined more typically by the experi- ence of the university library? But Jeanneney’s book invites librarians and the library profession to consider the ways in which the Google project has the potential to transform research, reading, and notions of intellec- tual property for good or ill.
    keywords: farber; google; jeanneney
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        item: #3926 of 5668
          id: crl-15928
      author: Garrett, Jeffrey
       title: Markham, Sheila. A Book of Booksellers: Conversations with the Antiquarian Book Trade 1991–2003. 1st pbk. ed. London: Sheila Markham Rare Books; New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll, 2007. 323p. $29.95 (ISBN 1584562072). LC 2007-18615.
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 1956
      flesch: 62
     summary: In other older works on the trade, we discover that London booksellers of the 17th and early 18th centuries were as ob- sessive about their calling as they still are today. But Jeanneney’s book invites librarians and the library profession to consider the ways in which the Google project has the potential to transform research, reading, and notions of intellec- tual property for good or ill.
    keywords: book; google; jeanneney
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        item: #3927 of 5668
          id: crl-15932
      author: Jacoby, Beth E.
       title: Status of Approval Plans in College Libraries
        date: 2008-05-01
       words: 7241
      flesch: 60
     summary: When approval books are received, they are:  Reviewed for approval/rejection  Accepted without review/not shelf-ready  Accepted without review/shelf-ready  The author surveyed college libraries in the United States to determine their use of approval plans as a method of acquiring printed books for their collections.
    keywords: approval; books; college; libraries; library; plan
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        item: #3928 of 5668
          id: crl-15933
      author: Hepburn, Peter; Lewis, Krystal M.
       title: What’s in a Name? Using Card Sorting to Evaluate Branding in an Academic Library’s Web Site
        date: 2008-05-01
       words: 5204
      flesch: 58
     summary: Evaluating the presentation of resources and ser- vices through library Web sites has been the subject of a number of usability tests in past years. Thestudy found that library users do not recognize or comprehend library brand names in the absence of a consistent approach to branding even if they do use the services that have been branded.
    keywords: branding; card; library; site; users; web
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        item: #3929 of 5668
          id: crl-15934
      author: Oud, Joanne
       title: Adjusting to the Workplace: Transitions Faced by New Academic Librarians
        date: 2008-05-01
       words: 9761
      flesch: 59
     summary: A survey of new librarians at Canadian university libraries was done to discover what these surprises were so that more effective training and orientation programs can be developed. To fill the research gap, this study looks at changes experienced by new librarians using a conceptual model developed by Louis.13 Louis claims that the socialization process of new employees involves constant encounters with differ- ences in the new job se ing.
    keywords: existing; job; knowledge; librarians; new; pre
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        item: #3930 of 5668
          id: crl-15935
      author: Kriebel, Leslie; Lapham, Leslie
       title: Transition to Electronic Resources in Undergraduate Social Science Research: A Study of Honors Theses Bibliographies, 1999–2005
        date: 2008-05-01
       words: 8548
      flesch: 55
     summary: This finding en- abled us to anticipate the same problem in our study and develop an estimate for electronic use. Specifically, the goals of this study were: • to ascertain the proportion of elec- tronic versus print sources used by honors theses students over a seven-year period (1999–2005) as a basis for assessing recent change; • to collect statistics on electronic versus print resource use as a tool or guideline for approaches to selection in the near future; • to establish a baseline for future comparative studies.
    keywords: electronic; materials; research; resources; science; social; use
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        item: #3931 of 5668
          id: crl-15936
      author: Hyde, Gene
       title: Herring, Mark Y. Fools Gold: Why the Internet Is No Substitute for a Library. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2007. 191p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 0786430826). LC 2007-13548.
        date: 2008-05-01
       words: 1289
      flesch: 58
     summary: There are tactics available to library users to guard their information and to protect it from online predators. Written to counter any ideas that “nonlibrarian bean counters” might entertain about replacing libraries with Internet services, Herring’s article was well received and was reprinted in various languages.
    keywords: herring; library
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        item: #3932 of 5668
          id: crl-15937
      author: Sherman, Brian J.
       title: Woodward, Jeannette A. What Every Librarian Should Know about Electronic Privacy. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2007. 222p. alk. paper, $40 (ISBN 1591584892). LC 2007-13566.
        date: 2008-05-01
       words: 1298
      flesch: 57
     summary: Understanding that there is no guaranteed method of protecting electronic information, she contends that librarians need to be proactive in inform- ing their users how to protect themselves. While the title of the collection itself, and the editors’ introduction, make the conference theme clear, it is contributor Pierre Desaerdt who most clearly expresses the importance of provenance research: it is not simply a game for bibliophiles (or bibliomaniacs), but one way “to assess the representative quality of research based on collections of printed books.”
    keywords: library; privacy
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        item: #3933 of 5668
          id: crl-15938
      author: Jagodzinski, Cecile M.
       title: Books on the Move: Tracking Copies through Collections and the Book Trade. Eds. Robin Myers, Michael Harris, and Giles Mandelbrote. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press (Publishing Pathways); London: British Library, 2007. 164p. alk. paper, $49.95 (ISBN 1584562196;0712309861). LC2007-41192.
        date: 2008-05-01
       words: 1918
      flesch: 53
     summary: In matters more pertinent to everyday library operations, the authors note the historical importance of catalogs and what they reflect about their owners’ collecting goals; they describe shelfmarks and shelving methods and show how these suited the needs of the reader/ owner; they provide physical details on individual books that give us hints on how particular readers used books and texts. The stories these researchers tell about individual books tell us what mat- tered to those early scholars, writers, and collectors and perhaps can help inform contemporary guardians of libraries both great and small on how best to serve the people who use them.—Cecile M. Jagodz- inski, Indiana University.
    keywords: books; information; library; privacy
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        item: #3934 of 5668
          id: crl-15939
      author: Daniels, Tim
       title: Patriotic Information Systems. Eds. Todd G. Loendorf and David Garson. Hershey, Penn.: IGI, 2007. 258p. $99.95 (ISBN: 159904594X). LC 2007-24490.
        date: 2008-05-01
       words: 1176
      flesch: 50
     summary: Patriotic Information Systems presents a very negative view of the Bush admin- istration and how it has chosen to enact and interpret laws relating to personal information, freedom of information, and information privacy. In Patriotic Information Systems, editors Todd Loendorf and David Garson gather together a collection of essays that exam- ine how state and federal government policies relating to information privacy have changed since the pivotal events of September 11, 2001.
    keywords: information; libraries
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        item: #3935 of 5668
          id: crl-15941
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: The Commonwealth of Books: Essays in Honour of Ian Willison. Ed. Wallace Kirsop. Victoria, Australia: Monash University, Centre for the Book; New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll, 2007. 271p. $70 (ISBN 0732640024).
        date: 2008-05-01
       words: 1350
      flesch: 65
     summary: Simon Eliot argues the need for a broader integrating context for book history, one that locates it in a total communications environment and draws on a variety of disciplines and fi elds. Bernhard Fabian, by contrast, wants to rehabilitate the 19th- century notion of “Kulturwissenschaft” and create a new synthetic approach to the artifactual legacies that constitute the foundations of book history.
    keywords: book
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        item: #3936 of 5668
          id: crl-15942
      author: Duncan, Jennifer; Holliday, Wendy
       title: The Role of Information Architecture in Designing a Third-Generation Library Web Site
        date: 2008-07-01
       words: 7982
      flesch: 57
     summary: First, between November 24, 2003, and January 12, 2004, library web site users had the option to click on a Web-based survey with one question: “What are you trying to do on the library Web site today?” Related Literature Many libraries have applied usability principles and methods to the design and redesign of library Web sites.
    keywords: architecture; design; force; information; library; site; task; web
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        item: #3937 of 5668
          id: crl-15943
      author: Budd, John M.
       title: Cognitive Growth, Instruction, and Student Success
        date: 2008-07-01
       words: 7336
      flesch: 49
     summary: The challenge for students (and others) may well be to manage effort so as to optimize results. The explicit implication for information lit- eracy is that students could be convinced that the cognitive effort spent in such a course can result in sufficient cognitive difference that their performance in other courses will be enhanced.
    keywords: cognitive; course; information; knowledge; learning; libraries; literacy; students; understanding
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        item: #3938 of 5668
          id: crl-15944
      author: Murphy, Sarah Anne
       title: The Effects of Portfolio Purchasing on Scientific Subject Collections
        date: 2008-07-01
       words: 4528
      flesch: 48
     summary: A citation analysis was conducted to understand how the purchase of journal portfolios supports the research of faculty in the life, medical, physical and applied sciences and influences collections at The Ohio State University. A discussion questioning the value of the portfolio purchase follows, with the author concluding that journal portfolios are contributing to the normalization of library collections.
    keywords: faculty; journals; medical; portfolio; titles
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        item: #3939 of 5668
          id: crl-15945
      author: Mill, David H.
       title: Undergraduate Information Resource Choices
        date: 2008-07-01
       words: 7756
      flesch: 49
     summary: Table 7 compares the aver- age number of books, journals, and total citations for social sciences bibliographies TABLE 7 Social Sciences: Open-Web vs. No-Open- Web Bibliographies Total Citations Books Journals No-Open-Web (N = 50) 10.90 3.10 7.36 Open-Web (N = 59) 13.19 3.02 4.24 350 College & Research Libraries July 2008 TABLE 8 Open Web Sites by Domain .com .edu Table 6 registers the mean propor- tion of open Web site citations per bibliography at 16.8 percent, with the social sciences having the high- est proportion at 20.1 percent, humanities the lowest at 12.2 percent, and the sciences falling between at 15.7 percent.
    keywords: bibliographies; humanities; journals; percent; sciences; social sciences; web
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        item: #3940 of 5668
          id: crl-15948
      author: Smith, Geoffrey D.
       title: America’s Membership Libraries. Ed. Richard Wendorf. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll, 2007. 354p. alk. paper, $39.95 (ISBN 1584561998). LC 2007-45691.
        date: 2008-07-01
       words: 1170
      flesch: 52
     summary: Edited by Richard Wendorf, Stanford Calderwood Director of the Boston Athenæum, with a Preface by Nicolas Barker, Chairman of the Committee of the London Library, the primary contributors are directors of membership libraries but also include trustees, members, and library assistants. Frequently, membership libraries had to deaccession important holdings to ensure their survival.
    keywords: libraries; library; membership
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        item: #3941 of 5668
          id: crl-15949
      author: Pavelich, David
       title: Budd, John M. Self-Examination: The Present and Future of Librarianship. West-port, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited (Beta Phi Mu Monograph Series), 2008. 281p. alk. paper, $60 (ISBN 1591585910). LC 2007-19948.
        date: 2008-07-01
       words: 1886
      flesch: 45
     summary: Today, membership libraries continue outreach programs, such as the Charleston Library Society’s Junior Liter- ary Club, founded in 1990, and the Salem Athenæum’s monthly book group and film society, both formed in the 1990s. “[T]he tactic employed by public libraries of emulat- ing bookstores,” proclaims Budd, “is an abandonment of any contribution to a vibrant public sphere.”
    keywords: budd; information; libraries; library
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        item: #3942 of 5668
          id: crl-15950
      author: Welburn, William C.
       title: Byrne, Alex. The Politics of Promoting Freedom of Information and Expression in International Librarianship: The IFLA/FAIFE Project. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow (Libraries and Librarianship: An International Perspective, no. 4), 2007, 226p. alk. paper, $55 (ISBN 0810860171). LC 2007-22006.
        date: 2008-07-01
       words: 2470
      flesch: 37
     summary: The subject areas of the collections cover the gamut of human experience: Ger- man and Jewish intellectual émigrés (SUNY-Albany), North American Indians (University of Alberta), history of flight (Auburn University), Japanese maps (University of British Columbia), poetry (SUNY-Buffalo), Chicano studies (Uni- versity of California, Berkeley), Ameri- can religions (University of California, Santa Barbara), Irish theatre (University of Cincinnati), photobooks (University of Colorado-Boulder), alternative press (University of Connecticut), human sexuality (Cornell University), polar ex- ploration (Dartmouth College), women’s history and culture (Duke University), African-American history (Emory Uni- versity), children’s literature (University of Florida), sheet music (Johns Hopkins University), comic art (Michigan State University), public health films (Na- tional Library of Medicine), history of the American South (UNC-Chapel Hill), entomology (North Carolina State Uni- versity), Islamic manuscripts (Princeton University), the Holocaust (University of Southern California), New Orleans jazz (Tulane University), Japanese American evacuation and internment (University of Washington), and Italian history and cul- ture (University of Wisconsin-Madison).
    keywords: byrne; information; libraries; university
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        item: #3943 of 5668
          id: crl-15951
      author: Jones, Plummer Alston “Al”
       title: Cronenwett, Philip N., Kevin Osborn, and Samuel Allen Streit. Celebrating Research: Rare and Special Collections from the Membership of the Association of Research Libraries. Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries, 2007. 312p. $135 ($115 ARL member libraries) (ISBN 159407769X). LC 2008-295721.
        date: 2008-07-01
       words: 1186
      flesch: 42
     summary: The subject areas of the collections cover the gamut of human experience: Ger- man and Jewish intellectual émigrés (SUNY-Albany), North American Indians (University of Alberta), history of flight (Auburn University), Japanese maps (University of British Columbia), poetry (SUNY-Buffalo), Chicano studies (Uni- versity of California, Berkeley), Ameri- can religions (University of California, Santa Barbara), Irish theatre (University of Cincinnati), photobooks (University of Colorado-Boulder), alternative press (University of Connecticut), human sexuality (Cornell University), polar ex- ploration (Dartmouth College), women’s history and culture (Duke University), African-American history (Emory Uni- versity), children’s literature (University of Florida), sheet music (Johns Hopkins University), comic art (Michigan State University), public health films (Na- tional Library of Medicine), history of the American South (UNC-Chapel Hill), entomology (North Carolina State Uni- versity), Islamic manuscripts (Princeton University), the Holocaust (University of Southern California), New Orleans jazz (Tulane University), Japanese American evacuation and internment (University of Washington), and Italian history and cul- ture (University of Wisconsin-Madison).
    keywords: evaluation; library; university
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        item: #3944 of 5668
          id: crl-15952
      author: Maxwell, Lynne
       title: Matthews, Joseph R. The Evaluation and Measurement of Library Services. Westport, Conn: Libraries Unlimited, 2007. 372p. alk. paper, $50 (ISBN 1591585325). LC 2007-17726.
        date: 2008-07-01
       words: 1277
      flesch: 57
     summary: Initially, Matthews outlines the rea- sons that library evaluation might be necessary. It should grace the coffee tables or shelves of lovers of books and those who enjoy delving into the magnificent, the bizarre, the humorous, the fascinating, and the paradoxical.
    keywords: evaluation; library
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        item: #3945 of 5668
          id: crl-15954
      author: Branin, Joseph J.
       title: Changing of the Guard
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 478
      flesch: 60
     summary: Will busy professionals continue to vol- unteer their time and effort as referees to perform the essential but anonymous task of peer review? Peer review offers an essential ele- ment of quality control in scholarly communications and is our basis for se- lecting the best writing to bring to you.
    keywords: review
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        item: #3946 of 5668
          id: crl-15957
      author: Head, Alison J.
       title: Information Literacy from the Trenches: How Do Humanities and Social Science Majors Conduct Academic Research?
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 8519
      flesch: 53
     summary: In particular, the survey asked respon- dents to answer questions about: (1) the steps they took during the research pro- cess, (2) the perceived helpfulness of the campus library, (3) the perceived helpful- ness of professors’ coaching techniques on research assignments, (4) the problems experienced during the research process, (5) the time spent researching, writing, and editing research papers, and (6) the major concerns with working on research projects. Thirty handouts detail- ing student research assignments in a humanities or social sciences course were analyzed.
    keywords: information; library; literacy; process; research; resources; students; use
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        item: #3947 of 5668
          id: crl-15958
      author: Knight-Davis, Stacey; Sung, Jan S.
       title: Analysis of Citations in Undergraduate Papers
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 5867
      flesch: 61
     summary: We dis- covered that our campus had already built a depository of student papers to assess student writing. The large percentage of online material cited in student papers also provides support for licensing elec- tronic content.
    keywords: citations; number; papers; students; submission
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        item: #3948 of 5668
          id: crl-15959
      author: Witte, Sarah; Cargill, Mary
       title: Selected Reference Works, 2007–081
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 10456
      flesch: 55
     summary: The Gale Virtual Reference Library provides links to the sections of the reference book in question, such as table of contents, back of book index, and list of illustrations, hyperlinks to the author and reference work title itself, and, o en, a set of index links that refer to the same terms as were used to point to this article. When the content of individual entries is relatively brief and not complexly struc- tured, and the works in question likely to be used on an occasional rather than steady basis, reference works have been relatively easy to transform, although Sarah Wi e and Mary Cargill are reference librarians in Butler Library at Columbia University; e-mail: spurgin@columbia.edu and cargill@columbia.edu.
    keywords: cambridge; collections; credo; encyclopedia; entries; gale; new; oxford; reference; search; terms; titles; volume; works
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        item: #3949 of 5668
          id: crl-15960
      author: Vassady, Lisa
       title: Information Literacy Programs in the Digital Age: Educating College and University Students Online. Comps. Alice Daughtery and Michael F. Russo. Chicago: American Library Association, 2007. 275p. alk. paper, $48 (ISBN 9780838984444). LC2007-31204.
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 1164
      flesch: 49
     summary: Given the high interest in information literacy programs in the profession that has been expressed in many venues, a compilation such as this one is long overdue. A full read- through works best if the reader wants to examine the commonalities in the chal- lenges, advantages, and assessment of various information literacy programs.
    keywords: information; literacy
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        item: #3950 of 5668
          id: crl-15961
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: Richard M. Dougherty. Streamlining Library Services: What We Do, How Much Time It Takes, What It Costs, and How We Can Do It Better. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2008. 272p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 9780810851986). LC2007-40288.
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 1904
      flesch: 53
     summary: Dougherty ar- gues that anyone concerned about library assessment or library management today should continue to take advantage of the analytical tools developed as part of the 478 College & Research Libraries scientific management movement even if he or she has no desire to embrace the management philosophies they were used to support. It is unusual to find a text focused on operational issues in library management returned to the shelves after a gap in revi- sion of a quarter-century.
    keywords: dougherty; image; library
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        item: #3951 of 5668
          id: crl-15963
      author: Pelton, Stephen
       title: Amy Knapp, Rush Miller, and Elizabeth J. Wood. Beyond Survival: Managing Academic Libraries in Transition. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2007. 220p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 1591583373). LC 2006-27895.
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 1227
      flesch: 54
     summary: Despite the aforementioned weak- nesses, the authors are largely success- ful in explaining the need for change in academic libraries and the ins and outs of how to go about such change. This description fills a significant portion of the book and works as an anchor for other discussions in the book, building on the theory provided in chapter two, “Theoreti- cal Underpinnings of Change,” while set- ting the stage for the discussions on library evaluation in chapter eight, “Standing up to Scrutiny,” and the forward-looking view on library transition in chapter nine, the final chapter, “Positioning the Academic Library for a Vibrant Future.”
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #3952 of 5668
          id: crl-15964
      author: DeGeorge, Deborah
       title: Understanding FRBR: What It Is, and How It Will Affect Our Retrieval Tools. Ed. Arlene G. Taylor. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2007. 186p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 9781591585091). LC 2007-13558.
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 2015
      flesch: 55
     summary: The sub- sequent five chapters discuss the structure of FRAD and its relation to FRBR; FRBR, and the history of cataloging (this chapter, by William Denton, is a delightful and in- formative read that provides a broad per- spective on the history of the organization of bibliographic information); the history of FRBR research and its impact on the further development thereof; the concept of “bibliographic families” as groups of related works; and—the most direct area of professional concern—the incorporation of FRBR concepts into the new cataloging code now being developed: RDA (Re- source Description and Access). Alexander C. Thur- man notes that FRBR would have to be a supplement to archival control as exhibited in finding aids or collection- level MARC records, as FRBR concepts cannot sufficiently represent the collec- tion, which is the “central unit of archival organization.”
    keywords: cataloging; frbr; libraries
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        item: #3953 of 5668
          id: crl-15965
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: William H. Sherman. Used Books: Marking Readers in Renaissance England. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. 259p. (ISBN 9780812240436). LC2008-271368.
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 1327
      flesch: 61
     summary: But that 20 percent does reveal the extent to which printed books were sites of engagement and activity, sometimes creative, sometime routine. Needless to add, he handled a lot of books in the course of his project.
    keywords: books; sherman
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        item: #3954 of 5668
          id: crl-15967
      author: Jones, Sherri; Kayongo, Jessica
       title: Identifying Student and Faculty Needs through LibQUAL+™: An Analysis of Qualitative Survey Comments
        date: 2008-11-01
       words: 8456
      flesch: 48
     summary: Understanding the needs of library users can be challenging and is complicated by the differences in needs and expectations among different user groups. Literature Review LibQUAL+™ is a useful tool for comparing library users both internal and external to any particular library.
    keywords: comments; information; library; service; users
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        item: #3955 of 5668
          id: crl-15968
      author: Gabridge, Tracy; Gaskell, Millicent; Stout, Amy
       title: Information Seeking through Students’ Eyes: The MIT Photo Diary Study
        date: 2008-11-01
       words: 6904
      flesch: 54
     summary: At the same time, despite evidence that they lack basic information literacy skills, students consistently rate themselves as effective users of information.6 To understand how to apply the find- ings in this study more broadly, it is im- portant to comprehend how MIT students vary in information-use practices from students at other universities. Students also relied on a valued network of colleagues that in- cluded peers, other students, lab cohorts, as well as faculty.
    keywords: information; libraries; mit; research; resources; students; study
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        item: #3956 of 5668
          id: crl-15969
      author: Abbott, Andrew
       title: The Traditional Future: A Computational Theory of Library Research
        date: 2008-11-01
       words: 14872
      flesch: 55
     summary: Other implications of this computational theory of library research are also explored. There are library research how-to manuals for graduate students in sca�ered fields, a fact that indicates that humanists as well as some social scientists do sometimes teach library research skills to their graduate students, introducing them to the critical reading of sources and to the major bibliographical and archival guides for their fields.3 But seasoned library researchers do not seem to write much about library research methods in general.
    keywords: browsing; data; knowledge; libraries; library research; new; reading; social; sources; standard; standard research; theory; work
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        item: #3957 of 5668
          id: crl-15970
      author: Odell, Jere; Gabbard, Ralph
       title: The Interdisciplinary Influence of Library and Information Science 1996–2004: A Journal-to-Journal Citation Analysis
        date: 2008-11-01
       words: 10237
      flesch: 55
     summary: In recent years, articles published in Library and Information Science journals have annually received over 10,000 citations; not surprisingly, most of these citations originate in other LIS journals.1 Robert Grover, Jack Glazier, and Maurice Tsai, “An Analysis of Library and Information Research,” Journal of Educational Media & Library Science 28, no. 3 (1991): 295–96; Jeffrey N. Gat- ten, “Paradigm Restrictions on Interdisciplinary Research into Librarianship,” College & Research Libraries 52 (Nov. 1991): 575–84; Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie and Karen E. Pe�igrew, “Surveying the Use of Theory in Library and Information Science Research: A Disciplinary Perspective,” Library Trends 50, no. 3 (2002): 406–17.
    keywords: citations; information; lis; science
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        item: #3958 of 5668
          id: crl-15971
      author: VanScoy, Amy; Oakleaf, Megan J.
       title: Evidence vs. Anecdote: Using Syllabi to Plan Curriculum-Integrated Information Literacy Instruction
        date: 2008-11-01
       words: 4727
      flesch: 48
     summary: The central research question investigates the research skills that first-semester, first- year students are required to perform. Results For the total sample of 350 students, anal- ysis of student syllabi and assignment de- scriptions revealed that 97 percent of the students were required to find research resources during the first semester of their first year of college.
    keywords: cii; information; research; skills; students
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        item: #3959 of 5668
          id: crl-15973
      author: Dousa, Thomas M.
       title: Book Trade Connections from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Centuries. Eds. John Hinks and Catherine Armstrong. New Castle, Del.; London: Oak Knoll; The British Museum (Print Networks), 2008. 265p. $49.95 (ISBN 15845622930; 0712350640). LC 2008-17892.
        date: 2008-11-01
       words: 7227
      flesch: 47
     summary: As the editor, Mostafa El-Abbadi explains, the original idea was to explore the fate of the Library of Alexandria, but the theme developed into “a study of the cultural context of the Alexandria Library with special emphasis on the still less explored Late Antiquity.” As indicated in the introduction, while the civil rights activism of black students has long been part of the historiography of the period, the topic has received very litt le indepth examination.
    keywords: alexandria; book; college; history; information; library; mississippi; new; student; trade
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        item: #3960 of 5668
          id: crl-15974
      author: Galbraith, James
       title: What Happened to the Ancient Library of Alexandria? Eds. Mostafa El-Abbadi and Omnia M. Fathallah. Leiden: Brill, 2008. 260p. $129, cloth (ISBN 9789004165458). LC 2008-4209.
        date: 2008-11-01
       words: 7227
      flesch: 47
     summary: As the editor, Mostafa El-Abbadi explains, the original idea was to explore the fate of the Library of Alexandria, but the theme developed into “a study of the cultural context of the Alexandria Library with special emphasis on the still less explored Late Antiquity.” As indicated in the introduction, while the civil rights activism of black students has long been part of the historiography of the period, the topic has received very litt le indepth examination.
    keywords: alexandria; book; college; history; information; library; mississippi; new; student; trade
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15974.pdf
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        item: #3961 of 5668
          id: crl-15975
      author: Harger, Elaine
       title: Williamson, Joy Ann. Radicalizing the Ebony Tower: Black Colleges and the Black Freedom Struggle in Mississippi. New York: Teachers College Press (Reflective History Series), 2008. 214 p. alk. paper, $66 (ISBN 9780807748640). LC 2007-048836.
        date: 2008-11-01
       words: 7227
      flesch: 47
     summary: As the editor, Mostafa El-Abbadi explains, the original idea was to explore the fate of the Library of Alexandria, but the theme developed into “a study of the cultural context of the Alexandria Library with special emphasis on the still less explored Late Antiquity.” As indicated in the introduction, while the civil rights activism of black students has long been part of the historiography of the period, the topic has received very litt le indepth examination.
    keywords: alexandria; book; college; history; information; library; mississippi; new; student; trade
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15975.pdf
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        item: #3962 of 5668
          id: crl-15976
      author: McBride, Kelly R.
       title: Practical Pedagogy for Library Instructors: 17 Innovative Strategies to Improve Student Learning. Eds. Douglas Cook and Ryan L. Sittler for the Association of College and Research Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, 2008. 184 p. alk. paper, $32 (ISBN 9780838984581). LC 2008-8219.
        date: 2008-11-01
       words: 7227
      flesch: 47
     summary: As the editor, Mostafa El-Abbadi explains, the original idea was to explore the fate of the Library of Alexandria, but the theme developed into “a study of the cultural context of the Alexandria Library with special emphasis on the still less explored Late Antiquity.” As indicated in the introduction, while the civil rights activism of black students has long been part of the historiography of the period, the topic has received very litt le indepth examination.
    keywords: alexandria; book; college; history; information; library; mississippi; new; student; trade
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15976.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15976.txt

        item: #3963 of 5668
          id: crl-15977
      author: Michalski, David
       title: Perspectives on Knowledge Management. Eds. I.V. Malhan and lecturer Shivarama Roa K. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2008. 352 p. $65 (ISBN 0810861046). LC 2007-48672.
        date: 2008-11-01
       words: 7227
      flesch: 47
     summary: As the editor, Mostafa El-Abbadi explains, the original idea was to explore the fate of the Library of Alexandria, but the theme developed into “a study of the cultural context of the Alexandria Library with special emphasis on the still less explored Late Antiquity.” As indicated in the introduction, while the civil rights activism of black students has long been part of the historiography of the period, the topic has received very litt le indepth examination.
    keywords: alexandria; book; college; history; information; library; mississippi; new; student; trade
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15977.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-15977.txt

        item: #3964 of 5668
          id: crl-15980
      author: Farmer, Diana; Stockham, Marcia; Trussell, Alice
       title: Revitalizing a Mentoring Program for Academic Librarians
        date: 2009-01-01
       words: 7793
      flesch: 53
     summary: Strengths of the relationship perceived by mentees included such comments as: • had meaningful, relevant discus- sions • mentor was encouraging • mentor was willing to advise and offer guidance • mentor was honest • mentor was willing to meet when contacted • mentor truly cares about mentee’s continued professional development. The mentees deemed group mentoring to be beneficial because they were learning together, hearing the same information, and meeting a variety of other faculty who presented at/partici- pated in group mentor meetings.
    keywords: commi; development; faculty; libraries; mentee; mentoring; new; professional; program
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        item: #3965 of 5668
          id: crl-15981
      author: Borrelli, Steve; Galbraith, Betty; Brady, Eileen E.
       title: The Impact of Electronic Journals on Use of Print in Geology
        date: 2009-01-01
       words: 4478
      flesch: 67
     summary: By 2002, print use dropped below the 1998 level and continued to drop in each study year therea er. Print use statistics showed a slow de- cline in print uses, but that is not the entire picture.
    keywords: journals; print; titles; use
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        item: #3966 of 5668
          id: crl-15982
      author: Mozenter, Frada L.; Stickell, Lois
       title: Without Merit: One Library’s Attempt to Put “Merit” Back in “Merit Pay”
        date: 2009-01-01
       words: 9497
      flesch: 50
     summary: In the majority of cases, teaching/per- formance, research/creative activity/pro- fessional development, and service were addressed in the merit pay process, and the task force agreed these were the sig- nificant building blocks in creating a tem- plate for merit pay criteria. The chair of the Tenured Task Force requested that the task forces be combined because annual merit evaluations and the distribu- tion of annual merit pay is the same for both tenured and covered librarians.
    keywords: librarian; merit; pay; rating; supervisor; total; university; weight
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15982.pdf
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        item: #3967 of 5668
          id: crl-15983
      author: Aldrich, Alan W.
       title: Judging Books by Their Covers: Managing the Tensions between Paperback and Clothbound Purchases in Academic Libraries
        date: 2009-01-01
       words: 7612
      flesch: 48
     summary: A recent typology of these metrics iden- tified four different orientations ranging from a cloth-only purchasing policy to http:collection.12 http:intent.11 http:editions.10 Judging Books by Their Covers 59 a policy that explicitly favored selecting paperback editions for most purchases.13 Of the forty-six libraries in this study, ten libraries favor the purchase of paperback over cloth editions, while twenty-nine libraries identify cloth editions as their preferred format. Additional reasons for considering paperbacks include the improved quality of paperback editions, the ability to add supplemental bindings to paperback editions (especially when heavy use is ex- pected), and the fact that the physical life span of paperback editions o en exceeds the intellectual life span of their content.
    keywords: books; collection; development; editions; libraries; paperback; price
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        item: #3968 of 5668
          id: crl-15984
      author: Meert, Deborah L.; Given, Lisa M.
       title: Measuring Quality in Chat Reference Consortia: A Comparative Analysis of Responses to Users’ Queries
        date: 2009-01-01
       words: 7897
      flesch: 54
     summary: The results for this category suggest that non-UofA library staff ap- pear almost equally competent in an- swering questions requesting academic information as UofA library staff, even though non-UofA staff voice concern over not being familiar with UofA resources. The goal was to compare the process and quality for online chat refer- ence answers as provided by UofA and non-UofA chat reference staff.
    keywords: chat; questions; reference; staff; time; uofa
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        item: #3969 of 5668
          id: crl-15986
      author: Diaz, Karen R.
       title: Information Literacy Instruction Handbook. Eds. Christopher N. Cox and Elizabeth Blakesley Lindsay. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2008. 236p. alk. paper, $40 (ISBN 9780838909638). LC2008-03557.
        date: 2009-01-01
       words: 1914
      flesch: 55
     summary: In her discus- sion of leadership, Karen Williams dis- cusses the role of librarians as grassroots leaders in various campus partnerships that advance IL programs. In a fine example of how well Hauptman cites and acknowledges other sources, he punctuates his discussion of Gibbon with a quote from Chuck Zerby’s history of footnotes: “Someone once said that notes ran along the bottom of Gibbon’s pages like dogs yapping at the text.”
    keywords: instruction; media
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        item: #3970 of 5668
          id: crl-15987
      author: Hyde, Gene
       title: Robert Hauptman. Documentation: A History and Critique of Attribution, Commentary, Glosses, Marginalia, Notes, Bibliographies, Works-Cited Lists, and Citation Indexing and Analysis. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2008. 240p. alk. paper, $35 (ISBN 9780786433339). LC2008-07099.
        date: 2009-01-01
       words: 1249
      flesch: 54
     summary: In a fine example of how well Hauptman cites and acknowledges other sources, he punctuates his discussion of Gibbon with a quote from Chuck Zerby’s history of footnotes: “Someone once said that notes ran along the bottom of Gibbon’s pages like dogs yapping at the text.” For those who have struggled with teaching undergraduate students the intricacies of citation style, Hauptman’s comment that, after 20 years as an editor, “some authors, even those whose cre- dentials and publication records would seem to imply an absolute mastery of this simple necessity, are incapable of getting things just right” provides some contex- tual awareness.
    keywords: documentation; hauptman
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        item: #3971 of 5668
          id: crl-15989
      author: Mitchell, Nicole
       title: Reijo Savolainen. Everyday Information Practices: A Social Phenomenological Perspective. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2008. 256p. alk. paper, $55 (ISBN 9780810861114). LC2007-50342.
        date: 2009-01-01
       words: 1217
      flesch: 53
     summary: Less than five pages long, chapter four relates how the author went about conducting an empiri- cal investigation of information practices. Savolainen then formulates a conceptual framework and model to put the major issues of everyday information practices into a broader context.
    keywords: everyday; information
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        item: #3972 of 5668
          id: crl-15990
      author: Note, Margot
       title: Ann J. Topjon. Carl Larsson: An Annotated Bibliography. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press, 2008. 504p. alk. paper, $135 (ISBN 9781584562108). LC2007-47169.
        date: 2009-01-01
       words: 1051
      flesch: 53
     summary: Ann J. Topjon, Associate Professor and Librarian Emeritus at Whitt ier College, California, spent more than twenty years researching Swedish artist Carl Larsson. Although Larsson’s work is sunny and sentimental, his dark side was demonstrated by his suicidal thoughts as a young man and his struggles with “Midvinterblog,” which some critics as- sert broke him psychologically.
    keywords: information; larsson
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        item: #3973 of 5668
          id: crl-15991
      author: Branin, Joseph J.
       title: What We Need Is a Knowledge Management Perspective
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 857
      flesch: 50
     summary: Just as we created traditional library facilities to store print material, we now have digital repositories to hold digital content. I had not read Townley’s article on knowledge management before Martell alerted me to it.
    keywords: knowledge
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        item: #3974 of 5668
          id: crl-15993
      author: Duke, Lynda M.; MacDonald, Jean B.; Trimble, Carrie S.
       title: Collaboration between Marketing Students and the Library: An Experiential Learning Project to Promote Reference Services
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 7386
      flesch: 49
     summary: The lack of specific “how-tos” in marketing can be frustrating to marketing students. Ideally, working with the client takes marketing concepts far beyond the boundaries of a textbook and provides students a realistic context5 and can help them develop problem-solving and team­ work skills that they will continue to use after graduation.6 While valuing the benefits of experi­ ential learning, educators also recognize the difficulty of engaging students en ­ rolled in lower-level marketing courses in a practical marketing experience when Collaboration between Marketing Students and the Library 111 those students typically lack a firm grasp of marketing concepts.7 One common way to overcome this obstacle is to find a client accustomed to volunteers without formal training, such as not-for-profit organizations (NPOs).
    keywords: ames; librarians; library; marketing; reference; reference services; services; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15993.pdf
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        item: #3975 of 5668
          id: crl-15996
      author: Roselle, Ann
       title: Preparing the Underprepared: Current Academic Library Practices in Developmental Education
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 8338
      flesch: 49
     summary: Interview questions focused on instruction services for developmental students, library collections for developmental students, collaboration with developmental education instructors and learning centers, and professional development related to developmental education. If campus administrators, developmental educators, regional and national devel- opmental education associations, and policy makers have no knowledge from the literature of how academic libraries support developmental students, it is highly unlikely that academic libraries will ever play a part in any policy or budgetary decision-making related to developmental education at the local, state, or national levels.
    keywords: academic; college; community; developmental; developmental education; education; librarians; library; students
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15996.pdf
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        item: #3976 of 5668
          id: crl-15997
      author: Kutner, Laurie
       title: Think Locally, Act Globally: Understanding Home Institution Library Engagement among Study-Abroad Students
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 9653
      flesch: 50
     summary: In Monteverde, Costa Rica, for example, student research has contributed greatly toward sustainable community develop­ ment efforts and understanding of a host of local issues, and the power of informa­ tion to which American students have access is very highly valued.32 When asked about the possibility of using interlibrary loan from abroad to obtain articles needed for research, stu­ dent respondents indicated a great deal http:valued.32 170 College & Research Libraries March 2009 of uncertainty. Yet significant additional challenges exist in conducting library research remotely from international locations.
    keywords: abroad; college; home; library; programs; research; services; students; study; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-15997.pdf
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        item: #3977 of 5668
          id: crl-15998
      author: Witte, Sarah; Cargill, Mary
       title: Selected Reference Works, 2007–08
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 9692
      flesch: 55
     summary: Individual articles end with a bibliography of key works, supplemented by a much longer bibliography at the end of the volume. In more than one of the articles read by this reviewer, passing reference was made to important compilations or works that were not provided with precise citations anywhere in either of the lists of literature.
    keywords: american; bibliography; encyclopedia; entries; index; libraries; library; list; literature; new; reference; university; volume; war; works
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        item: #3978 of 5668
          id: crl-15999
      author: Dickey, Timothy J.
       title: Peter Beal. A Dictionary of English Manuscript Terminology, 1450–2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. 457p. alk. paper, $125 (ISBN 0199265442). LC 2008-295866.
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 1203
      flesch: 53
     summary: This suggests another strength of Beal’s Dictionary: throughout, it is particularly rich in the number of 195 196 College & Research Libraries generic manuscript types for which he provides historical context. It does not claim to be an encyclopedia, nor a comprehensive guide to manuscript terminology in English; the field must still wait for one to emerge.
    keywords: beal; dictionary
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        item: #3979 of 5668
          id: crl-16001
      author: Gregor, Margaret N.
       title: Dorothy Anne Warner. A Disciplinary Blueprint for the Assessment of Information Literacy. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2008. 116p. alk. paper, $35 (ISBN 9781591585930). LC 2008-03775.
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 1208
      flesch: 47
     summary: Warner cre- ated a curriculum map that lists factors such as core courses, required courses, course sequences, and information lit- eracy components found in the syllabi or course descriptions. Each chapter describes the process of applying the curriculum map to a discipline, lists information literacy objectives, discusses the incorporation of research skill se- quences into courses, notes assignments, and delineates assessment tools.
    keywords: information; literacy
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        item: #3980 of 5668
          id: crl-16002
      author: Hensley, Timothy
       title: Menzi L. Behrnd-Klodt. Navigating Legal Issues in Archives. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2008. 329p. alk. paper, $69.95 (ISBN 1931666288). LC 2008-015865.
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 1786
      flesch: 49
     summary: A Disciplinary Blueprint for the Assess- ment of Information Literacy will be most useful to librarians looking for a “how-to- do-it” guide for establishing or modifying information literacy programs that are based on a standard disciplinary guide to the literature in each major rather than on Internet research. Each objective could be adapted to information literacy programs at other institutions.
    keywords: book; information; literacy
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        item: #3981 of 5668
          id: crl-16003
      author: Johnson, Eric
       title: Antoine de Schryver. The Prayer Book of Charles the Bold: A Study of a Flemish Masterpiece from the Burgundian Court. Transl. Jessica Berenbeim. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2008. 310p. cloth, $60 (ISBN 9780892369430). LC 2008-924691.
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 1913
      flesch: 46
     summary: Chapter 5 describes the cadels, ara- besques, and illustrative motifs Spierinc used to adorn the book’s text pages, pro- viding valuable insight into his specific calligraphic techniques and comparing his own work to model books and other devotional texts of the period. These accounts not only allow de Schryver confi dently to as- cribe the prayer book’s production to two “figures of the very first rank of illumi- nated manuscript production in Flanders and Brabant during the second half of the fifteenth century,” they also enable us to place the manuscript in the wider context of Flemish book arts as a whole.
    keywords: book; manuscript; van
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        item: #3982 of 5668
          id: crl-16005
      author: Mullins, James L.
       title: Bringing Librarianship to E-Science
        date: 2009-05-01
       words: 1124
      flesch: 48
     summary: htt p://www.arl.org/ bm~doc/digdatarpt.pdf The application of library science prin- ciples and methodologies, such as catalog- ing, classification, and resource sharing, can be reinterpreted to meet the specifi c needs of scientific digital data management and described in terms that are more expansive and expressive of today’s challenges, such as metadata, taxonomy, and open source. How does that really differ from the collection and use of scientific digital data?
    keywords: data; research
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        item: #3983 of 5668
          id: crl-16006
      author: Murphy, Sarah Anne
       title: Leveraging Lean Six Sigma to Culture, Nurture, and Sustain Assessment and Change in the Academic Library Environment
        date: 2009-05-01
       words: 5764
      flesch: 48
     summary: The SIPOC diagram of the OSU Librar- ies’ e-mail reference service illustrates that patron questions submitted via the e-mail question form on the Libraries’ Ask-A-Question Web site are immedi- ately transferred into the Questionpoint system. Leveraging Lean Six Sigma to Culture, Nurture, and Sustain Assessment and Change in the Academic Library Environment Sarah Anne Murphy
    keywords: lean; library; process; project; questions; sigma
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        item: #3984 of 5668
          id: crl-16007
      author: Howland, Jared L.; Wright, Thomas C.; Boughan, Rebecca A.; Roberts, Brian C.
       title: How Scholarly Is Google Scholar? A Comparison to Library Databases
        date: 2009-05-01
       words: 4073
      flesch: 54
     summary: Because this study was constructed to compare library database results to Google Scholar results, we had no way of knowing the breadth of materials the rubric would be required to evaluate. Some studies have already started down this road,13 but Google Scholar result sets have still not been carefully compared to result sets from federated search products.
    keywords: citations; google; library; scholar; scholarliness
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        item: #3985 of 5668
          id: crl-16008
      author: Stamatoplos, Anthony
       title: The Role of Academic Libraries in Mentored Undergraduate Research: A Model of Engagement in the Academic Community
        date: 2009-05-01
       words: 8549
      flesch: 35
     summary: An examination of the LIS lit- erature reveals some noteworthy themes regarding student research. An extensive body of literature relates to the mechanics of student research, focusing both on behavior and thought processes, portraying research as seeking information to meet needs generated by a course.
    keywords: academic; faculty; information; librarians; library; research; students; undergraduate; undergraduate research
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        item: #3986 of 5668
          id: crl-16009
      author: Mathews, Janie M.; Pardue, Harold
       title: The Presence of IT Skill Sets in Librarian Position Announcements
        date: 2009-05-01
       words: 4435
      flesch: 51
     summary: The types of ads were changing—job skills were no longer clearly matched to job titles. al. examined patterns of IT skill sets from 1988 to 2003 via a content analysis of classified advertisements to determine what the most pronounced trends in positions and required skill sets are for IT profession- als.12 Their article cited the use of print ads found in Computerworld and the Atlanta Journal Constitution and provided a dis- cussion of difference between online ads and print ads.
    keywords: ads; job; librarians; sets; skills
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        item: #3987 of 5668
          id: crl-16012
      author: Belcher, Emily M.
       title: Afro-Americana 1553–1906: Author Catalog of the Library Company of Philadelphia and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 2nd ed. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press, 2008. 890p. alk. paper, $125.00 (ISBN 9781584562368). LC2008-028647.
        date: 2009-05-01
       words: 1198
      flesch: 49
     summary: The potential positive impact of these holdings to stimulate new schol- arly research placed the Library Company and the Historical Society center-stage as major gatekeepers of rare black materials. The second edition also reprints the original introduction and prologue pre- pared by the Library Company and the Historical Society for the fi rst edition.
    keywords: historical; library
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        item: #3988 of 5668
          id: crl-16013
      author: Drabinski, Emily
       title: Case Studies in Library and Information Science Ethics. Eds. Elizabeth A. Buchanan and Kathrine A. Henderson. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 2009. 165p. alk. paper, $49.95 (ISBN 9780786433674). LC2009-034606.
        date: 2009-05-01
       words: 1266
      flesch: 52
     summary: Buchanan and Henderson encourage readers to grapple critically with this question through an exploration of five general themes relevant to librarians: intellectual freedom, privacy, intellectual property, professional ethics, and inter- 300 College & Research Libraries cultural information ethics. “Nothing is more important than the way we treat each other,” writes Robert Hauptman in the foreword to this slim yet useful volume of case studies in professional ethics.
    keywords: ethics; historical; library
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        item: #3989 of 5668
          id: crl-16014
      author: Ford, Kevin M.
       title: Kelty, Christopher M. Two Bits: The Cultural Significance of Free Software. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2008. 378p. alk. paper, $23.95 (ISBN 978-0-8223-4264-9). LC 2007-049447.
        date: 2009-05-01
       words: 1905
      flesch: 49
     summary: Kelty desired to impart a sense of the profound depth of Open Source culture, which is far more than software code, and extends to legal and organizational issues, in addition to technology. The second part, “Free Software,” is essentially a history of open source software culture, but Kelty convincingly relates the discussion to how Free Software is a recursive public and something that can be witnessed from the earliest days of soft ware collaboration (and the Internet).
    keywords: culture; free; software
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        item: #3990 of 5668
          id: crl-16015
      author: Mitchell, W. Bede
       title: College and University Archives: Readings in Theory and Practice. Eds. Christopher J. Prom and Ellen D. Swain. Chicago, Ill.: Society of American Archivists, 2008. 360p., $54.95 (ISBN 1-931666-27-X). LC 2008-015631.
        date: 2009-05-01
       words: 1221
      flesch: 52
     summary: Not only do academic libraries, and their parent institutions, often rely on Open Source software solutions, but they also initiate and support a substantial number of Open Source projects, manag- ing, therefore, the technological hurdles and legal pitfalls, and organizing and facilitating community collaboration and communication. Some of the trends include the need to assess and document institutional effectiveness (especially in the realm of student learning), new standards and training in digital technology, and in- creasing user expectations for access to digital information.
    keywords: archivists; libraries
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        item: #3991 of 5668
          id: crl-16016
      author: Phillips, Loreen S.
       title: The Desk and Beyond: Next Generation Reference Services. Eds. Sarah K. Steiner and M. Leslie Madden. Chicago, Ill.: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2008. 172p. $26 (ISBN 978-0-8389-0964-5). LC 2008-004797.
        date: 2009-05-01
       words: 1263
      flesch: 60
     summary: A chapter on classic titles includes books that have remained in publication for over fifty years even though they may never have received an award. Over the past several years, the ways in which academic librarians have been of- fering reference services to their campus community has changed and evolved.
    keywords: book; librarians
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        item: #3992 of 5668
          id: crl-16017
      author: Shelton, Mark E.
       title: Schwedt, Rachel E., and Janice DeLong. Core Collections for Children and Young Adults. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2008. 207p. cloth, $50.00 (ISBN 0-8108-6115-2). LC 2008-15070.
        date: 2009-05-01
       words: 1354
      flesch: 65
     summary: A chapter on classic titles includes books that have remained in publication for over fifty years even though they may never have received an award. As one might expect, the picture book chapter, the longest chapter, contains mostly books for the youngest grades.
    keywords: authors; book
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        item: #3993 of 5668
          id: crl-16018
      author: Branin, Joseph J.
       title: The Use of Library Material
        date: 2009-07-01
       words: 872
      flesch: 54
     summary: Kent was excellent in the classroom, and his enthusiasm for library research was infectious. And looking at our legacy collections, we must develop shared print storage and service pro- grams among libraries.
    keywords: library; use
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        item: #3994 of 5668
          id: crl-16019
      author: Palmer, Kristi L.; Dill, Emily; Christie, Charlene
       title: Where There’s a Will There’s a Way?: Survey of Academic Librarian Attitudes about Open Access
        date: 2009-07-01
       words: 10030
      flesch: 43
     summary: While academic librarians are being encouraged to promote these new models, their opinions about open access have not been documented. The groundswell of interest in open access issues from such a wide va- riety of sectors and geographic locations shows the seriousness of this movement 316 College & Research Libraries July 2009 (for a detailed history of open access, see Peter Suber’s “Timeline of
    keywords: academic; access; faculty; libraries; open; open access; respondents; scholarly; survey
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        item: #3995 of 5668
          id: crl-16021
      author: Hernon, Peter; Saunders, Laura
       title: The Federal Depository Library Program in 2023: One Perspective on the Transition to the Future
        date: 2009-07-01
       words: 11969
      flesch: 41
     summary: They note other depository libraries in close proximity, infrequent use of the collection, and a need to convert the space to other purposes. Among these were libraries, most of which became depository libraries.
    keywords: depository; depository library; government; government information; gpo; information; libraries; library; program; resources
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-16021.pdf
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        item: #3996 of 5668
          id: crl-16022
      author: Schlosser, Melanie
       title: Unless Otherwise Indicated: A Survey of Copyright Statements on Digital Library Collections
        date: 2009-07-01
       words: 7812
      flesch: 49
     summary: Research Questions The following are the answers, based on the data and analysis above, to the research questions posed earlier: 1) Li- braries are putting copyright statements on some, but not all, of their digital col- lections; 2) The percentage of collections with attached copyright statements is around 50 for all types of materials. Approximately half the collections surveyed had copyright statements, and those statements were often difficult to distinguish from terms of use and were frequently vague or misleading.
    keywords: collections; copyright; digital; domain; libraries; public; statements; use
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        item: #3997 of 5668
          id: crl-16023
      author: Chen, Chuanfu; Tang, Qiong; Huang, Xuan; Wu, Zhiqiang; Hua, Haiying; Yu, Yuan; Chen, Song
       title: An Assessment of the Completeness of Scholarly Information on the Internet
        date: 2009-07-01
       words: 7606
      flesch: 48
     summary: Information completeness is a rela- tively subjective measure, which depends on context, specific domain, or subject.30 Even within a topic, a wide range of scores can be obtained for the criterion “expiation of topic” due to different types of sources. Several researchers have ap- plied an information quality framework to assess Internet information, and most have found that, although online informa- tion has proliferated at a remarkable rate, the number of Web sites providing com- plete information accounts for only a very small portion of the total.
    keywords: completeness; information; internet; online; quality; scholarly; scholarly information; web
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        item: #3998 of 5668
          id: crl-16024
      author: Dickey, Timothy J.
       title: Pearson, David. Books as History: The Importance of Books beyond Their Texts. Reviewed by Timothy J. Dickey
        date: 2009-07-01
       words: 5714
      flesch: 53
     summary: There are many such explications of book illustrations that demonstrate how art can inform one’s interpretation of Shakespeare’s plays. Sillars does not deny the importance of this line of criti- cism, but he wishes to look at play texts as objects in their own right: rather than con- sidering the visual elements of the plays as performed on stage, he wants to examine 404 College & Research Libraries July 2009 the book as its own kind of “Theatrum,” or arena for performance, parallel to the plays as acted.
    keywords: book; chapter; illustrations; learning; library; music; research; sillars
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-16024.pdf
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        item: #3999 of 5668
          id: crl-16025
      author: Jagodzinski, Cecile M.
       title: Sillars, Stuart. The Illustrated Shakespeare, 1709–1875. Reviewed by Cecile M. Jagodzinski
        date: 2009-07-01
       words: 5714
      flesch: 53
     summary: There are many such explications of book illustrations that demonstrate how art can inform one’s interpretation of Shakespeare’s plays. Sillars does not deny the importance of this line of criti- cism, but he wishes to look at play texts as objects in their own right: rather than con- sidering the visual elements of the plays as performed on stage, he wants to examine 404 College & Research Libraries July 2009 the book as its own kind of “Theatrum,” or arena for performance, parallel to the plays as acted.
    keywords: book; chapter; illustrations; learning; library; music; research; sillars
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-16025.pdf
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        item: #4000 of 5668
          id: crl-16028
      author: Maxwell, Lynne F.
       title: Convergence and Collaboration of Campus Information Services. Eds. Peter Hernon and Ronald R. Powell. Reviewed by Lynne F. Maxwell
        date: 2009-07-01
       words: 5714
      flesch: 53
     summary: There are many such explications of book illustrations that demonstrate how art can inform one’s interpretation of Shakespeare’s plays. Sillars does not deny the importance of this line of criti- cism, but he wishes to look at play texts as objects in their own right: rather than con- sidering the visual elements of the plays as performed on stage, he wants to examine 404 College & Research Libraries July 2009 the book as its own kind of “Theatrum,” or arena for performance, parallel to the plays as acted.
    keywords: book; chapter; illustrations; learning; library; music; research; sillars
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-16028.pdf
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        item: #4001 of 5668
          id: crl-16029
      author: Repplinger, John
       title: E-learning and Business Plans: National and International Case Studies. Eds. Elaina M. Norlin and Tiffini A. Travis. Reviewed by John Repplinger
        date: 2009-07-01
       words: 5714
      flesch: 53
     summary: There are many such explications of book illustrations that demonstrate how art can inform one’s interpretation of Shakespeare’s plays. Sillars does not deny the importance of this line of criti- cism, but he wishes to look at play texts as objects in their own right: rather than con- sidering the visual elements of the plays as performed on stage, he wants to examine 404 College & Research Libraries July 2009 the book as its own kind of “Theatrum,” or arena for performance, parallel to the plays as acted.
    keywords: book; chapter; illustrations; learning; library; music; research; sillars
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-16029.pdf
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        item: #4002 of 5668
          id: crl-16030
      author: Dougherty, Richard M.
       title: Assessment + Analysis = Accountability
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 967
      flesch: 51
     summary: Analysis of library activities has never gained wide popularity among librarians. The deteriorating financial health of many campuses is likely to increase the call for libraries to document their contribu- tions to the mission of their campuses.
    keywords: assessment; library
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        item: #4003 of 5668
          id: crl-16031
      author: Nisonger, Thomas E.
       title: A Simulated Electronic Availability Study of Serial Articles through a University Library Web Page
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 10674
      flesch: 44
     summary: M (Music and Books on Music)—85.7%; Z (Bibliography, Library Science, and Gen- eral Information Resources)—84.6%; and J (Political Science)—83.9%, although there were only seven citations in M. Three other classes had availability rates above 70 percent: H (Social Sciences)—79.5%; Q (Science)—74.2%; and L (Educa - tion)—71.4% (although the rate for L, as with M, is based on a less than robust da- taset). Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2000s 53 53% 43 81.1% 10 18.9% Total 100 100% 79 79% 21 21% Social Sciences Before 1900 2 2% 0 0% 2 100% 1900-1909 1 1% 0 0% 1 100% 1920s 2 2% 0 0% 2 100% 1960s 2 2% 1 50% 1 50% 1970s 4 4% 2 50% 2 50% 1980s 8 8% 3 37.5% 5 62.5% 1990s 44 44% 31 70.5% 13 29.5% 2000s 37 37% 34 91.9% 3 8.1% Total 100 100% 71 71% 29 29% Grand Total Before 1900 10 2% 2 20% 8 80% 1900-1909 3 .6% 2 66.7% 1 33.3% 1920s 5 1% 0 0% 5 100% 1930s 12 2.4% 6 50% 6 50% 1940s 2 .4% 1 50% 1 50% 1950s 9 1.8% 4 44.4% 5 55.6% 1960s 6 1.2% 3 50% 3 50% 1970s 31 6.2% 15 48.4% 16 51.6% 1980s 53 10.6% 29 54.7% 24 45.3% 1990s 160 32% 111 69.4% 49 30.6% 2000s 209 41.8% 154 73.7% 55 26.3% Total 500 100% 327 65.4% 173 34.6% *
    keywords: availability; available; electronic; item; journal; libraries; library; percent; studies; university
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        item: #4004 of 5668
          id: crl-16032
      author: Knievel, Jennifer E.; Wakimoto, Jina Choi; Holladay, Sara
       title: Does Interface Design Influence Catalog Use? A Case Study
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 6400
      flesch: 58
     summary: The data also suggest that the implementation of a link resolver was highly influential, as searches initiated by the resolver created a large increase in catalog searches, particularly ISSN searches. Sec- ond, this paper will study two kinds of number searches: LC call number and ISSN/ISBN.
    keywords: catalog; data; number; searches; study; title
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        item: #4005 of 5668
          id: crl-16034
      author: Sutton, Lynn; Bazirjian, Rosann; Zerwas, Stephen
       title: Library Service Perceptions: A Study of Two Universities
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 11388
      flesch: 62
     summary: A - Institutional Profiles 2007-2008 Admissions/Retention Rates # 1st time degree seeking Freshman # 1st time degree seeking Transfer % of Freshman applicants accepted % of Freshman enrolled Avg SAT Scores for Enrolled 1st time Freshman Retention % of Fall 2006 B $4,029 in state $6,151 273,884,654 $15,297 out of state Undergraduate Student Comparisons Institution A Institution B White 84.5% White 66.4% African American 6.5% African American 21.4% American Indian .5% American Indian <1% Asian/ Pacific 5.1% Asian/ Pacific 3.9% Hispanic 1.8% Hispanic 2.7% Unknown 1.6% Unknown 5.4% Graduate Student Comparisons Institution A Institution B White 79.7% White 72.2% African American 9.7% African American 14.3% American Indian .4% American Indian <1% Asian/ Pacific 5.8% Asian/ Pacific 5.0% Hispanic 2.4% Hispanic 1.9% Unknown 2.0% Unknown 6.1% Demographics 486 College & Research Libraries September 2009 Appendix B - Data Comparisons TABLE 1 OCLC Comparisons Question 1: “What do you feel is the main purpose of a library?”
    keywords: environment; institution; library; oclc; offerings; percent; research; students
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        item: #4006 of 5668
          id: crl-16037
      author: Hunter, David
       title: Music and the Book Trade from the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century. Eds. Robyn Myers, Michael Harris, and Giles Mandelbrote. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2008. 218p. alk. paper, $49.95 (ISBN 9781584562450). LC2008-039879.
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 1301
      flesch: 54
     summary: Roe claims “the first English auction catalogue devoted to music” was issued for the sale of William Gostling’s collection in 1777, though music historian John Hawkins named five earlier auctions (1714–66) and provided details presumably garnered from catalogs no longer extant. In part, this neglect is due to the separations men- tioned by the editors in their Introduction: the means of production and distribution have become significantly different from those of the ordinary book trade, the use of printed music is different as is the size of the market (being at the same time specialized but global).
    keywords: book; music; publisher
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        item: #4007 of 5668
          id: crl-16038
      author: Manning, Mary
       title: Linda L. Stein and Peter J. Lehu. Literary Research and the American Realism and Naturalism Period: Strategies and Sources. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2009. 319p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 9780810861411). LC2008-028963
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 1901
      flesch: 47
     summary: Liter- ary Research and the American Realism and Naturalism Period: Strategies and Sources. LC2008-028963 Literary Research and the American Realism and Naturalism Period: Strategies and Re- sources is the fourth of a planned nineteen books in the Scarecrow Press’s “Literary Research: Strategies and Sources” series, which emphasizes research methodolo- gies and addresses the research needs of scholars studying specific British and American Literary periods, as well as other national literatures in English.
    keywords: period; research; resources
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        item: #4008 of 5668
          id: crl-16039
      author: Pullman, Ethan
       title: Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert. Literature of the Caribbean. 1st ed. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2008. 244p. alk. paper, $49.95 (ISBN 9780313328459). LC2008-010293.
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 1240
      flesch: 47
     summary: This particular volume is dedicated to Caribbean literature and provides a brief historical overview of economic, political, and social development of the region since the discovery of the islands in 1492 and illustrates the impact of these events on Caribbean literature. Though very well compiled, research- ers interested in more in-depth treatment of Caribbean literature or authors might be a little disappointed with the brevity of the volume.
    keywords: caribbean; literature
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        item: #4009 of 5668
          id: crl-16041
      author: Branin, Joseph
       title: The Rise of the CIO
        date: 2009-11-01
       words: 825
      flesch: 47
     summary: However, in most cases, the library has kept its IT scope clear but limited—collecting and sharing scholar- ship—and left broader IT services, such as administrative and academic computing, classroom support, computer labs, and tech support to the CIO. The growth in the impor- tance of CIO position between these two searches was striking in many respects, including rising status, responsibility, and influence.
    keywords: cio
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        item: #4010 of 5668
          id: crl-16044
      author: Genoni, Paul; Varga, Eva
       title: Assessing the Potential for a National Print Repository: Results of an Australian Overlap Study
        date: 2009-11-01
       words: 7256
      flesch: 47
     summary: A recent estimate is that conventional library storage can house 145 volumes per square metre (121 per square yard), as compared to high-density repository storage of 373 volumes per square metre (312 per square yard).36 Based on these figures, the saving in li- brary floorspace would amount to some 3,691 square metres (4,429 square yards), which could be replaced by 1,434 square metres (1,721 square yards) of reposi- tory floorspace. The projected Phase 2 will invite the par- ticipation of other research libraries and possibly expand the scheme to include monographs.15 The intention is to ensure the preservation of a designated number of copies in the Reserve and thereby en- courage substantial freeing up of space as libraries deduplicate, confident that items will be retained in perpetuity and can be borrowed as required.
    keywords: libraries; library; national; print; repository; research; storage
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        item: #4011 of 5668
          id: crl-16045
      author: Murphy, Sarah Anne; Moeller, Sherry Engle; Page, Jessica R.; Cerqua, Judith; Boarman, Mark
       title: Leveraging Measurement System Analysis (MSA) to Improve Library Assessment: The Attribute Gage R&R
        date: 2009-11-01
       words: 4581
      flesch: 38
     summary: A meeting was convened to review the RUSA Guidelines for Approachability, Listening/Inquiring, and Follow-Up behaviors, along with the OSU Libraries definitions for directional, basic, and specialist reference questions that were based on ARL definitions and used in the previous project. Examples: • Circulation policies • Fine disputes • Returns, claims • ILL, Article Express • Reserves • Referrals to technical departments within OSU libraries • Referrals to other departments at OSU • EZ-proxy/Off-campus sign-in issues • RefWorks • Questions about library programming • Complaints • Donation referrals B. Reference Question.
    keywords: appraiser; libraries; library; questions; reference
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        item: #4012 of 5668
          id: crl-16046
      author: Gaspar, Deborah B.; Wetzel, Karen A.
       title: A Case Study in Collaboration: Assessing Academic Librarian/Faculty Partnerships
        date: 2009-11-01
       words: 6377
      flesch: 48
     summary: Their methodol- ogy elicits responses in the subjects’ own words on a range of faculty attitudes toward student research and the role of librarians in education. How would you rate the average quality of student research conducted for this class? When asked to rate the quality of the student research conducted in their classes, many faculty stated that students varied widely in their capabilities (for example, “Some students did very well, while others didn’t” and “It varied from pathetic to excellent, so it’s difficult to generalize”).
    keywords: faculty; librarian; library; research; students; survey; writing
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        item: #4013 of 5668
          id: crl-16047
      author: Accardi, Maria T.
       title: Academic Library Research: Perspectives and Current Trends. Eds. Marie L. Radford and Pamela Snelson. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2008. 315p. alk. paper, $56 (ISBN 9780838909836). LC2008-035286.
        date: 2009-11-01
       words: 1181
      flesch: 45
     summary: With new technologies and innovations reshaping the way librarians envision and deliver library services, the field of academic library research has changed dramatically since 1990. These dramatic transformations in academic libraries inspired Marie L. Radford and Pamela Snelson’s 2008 edited collection, Academic Library Research:
    keywords: academic; research
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        item: #4014 of 5668
          id: crl-16048
      author: Cyzyk, Mark
       title: Mark Bauerlein. The Dumbest Generation: How the Digital Age Stupefies Young Americans and Jeopardizes Our Future (Or, Don’t Trust Anyone Under 30). New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin, 2008. 264p. $24.95 (ISBN 9781585426393). LC2008-006690.
        date: 2009-11-01
       words: 1949
      flesch: 64
     summary: The body of literature on academic library assessment is important, substantial, and growing, and Radford and Snelson’s collection would have been enhanced by more than two chapters on assessment and evaluation.—Maria T. Ac- cardi, Indiana University Southeast. In this collection, Radford and Snelson have assembled an accessible, readable work that addresses important theories and practices, providing a helpful guide to an academic librarian looking to supplement his or her own understanding of current research in the field, enhance the theoretical underpinnings of her own practices, collect practical tips and meth- ods applicable in the library setting, and identify possibilities for future research.
    keywords: bauerlein; book; library
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        item: #4015 of 5668
          id: crl-16049
      author: Dowell, Dave
       title: Jack Simpson. Basics of Genealogy Reference: A Librarian’s Guide. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2008. 176p. alk. paper, $40 (ISBN 9781591585145). LC2008-010596.
        date: 2009-11-01
       words: 1794
      flesch: 66
     summary: However, Simpson gives one renewed appreciation for the daunting challenge faced by these brave souls: In 1900, census enumerators were di- rected to record nativity as follows: In case the person speaks Polish, as Poland is not now a country, inquire whether the birthplace was what is now known as German Poland or Austrian Poland, and enter the answer accord- ingly as Poland (Ger), Poland (Aust.), or Poland (Russ.). These six countries are as follows: Austria, which lost territory to Czechoslovakia, Italy, Yugoslavia, Poland, and Rumania; Hungary, which lost territory to Austria, Czechoslova- kia, Italy, Poland, Romania, and Yugo- slavia; Bulgaria, which lost territory to Greece and Yugoslavia; Germany, which lost territory to Belgium, Czecho- slovakia, Danzig, Denmark, France, Lithuania, and Poland; Russia, which lost territory to Estonia, Finland, Lat- via, Lithuania, Poland, and Turkey….
    keywords: book; poland; research
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        item: #4016 of 5668
          id: crl-16050
      author: Hackman, Timothy
       title: J. Greg Matthews. Literary Research and Irish Literature: Strategies and Sources. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2009. 213p. alk. paper, $40 (ISBN 9780810863668). LC2008-029230.
        date: 2009-11-01
       words: 1801
      flesch: 46
     summary: The book’s one minor shortcoming is that its intended audience is somewhat unclear, alternating between beginning researchers, such as graduate students or undergraduates in upper-level literature courses, who need an explanation of the basics of literary research, and advanced researchers who, though well-versed in literary research, are perhaps new to the field of Irish literature. Too often, arguments on technology begin with an already assumed benefit or detriment from the adoption of new technologies.
    keywords: book; research; technology
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        item: #4017 of 5668
          id: crl-16051
      author: Taylor, Laurie N.
       title: Information Technology in Librarianship: New Critical Approaches. Eds. Gloria J. Leckie and John E. Bushman. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2009. 297p. alk. paper, $50 (ISBN 9781591586296). LC2008-030424.
        date: 2009-11-01
       words: 1792
      flesch: 39
     summary: As a second edition of Critical Approaches to Information Technology in Librarianship: Foundations and Applications (1993) edited by Bushman, one of the core strengths of this volume is the historical context it provides for current issues in relation to technology. Too often, arguments on technology begin with an already assumed benefit or detriment from the adoption of new technologies.
    keywords: actual; librarianship; technology; volume
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        item: #4018 of 5668
          id: crl-16052
      author: Mitchell, Nicole
       title: The 2009 Annual Register: World Events. Ed. D.S. Lewis. Bethesda, Md.: Pro-Quest, 2009. 679p. $240 (ISBN 978-1-60030-828-4).
        date: 2009-11-01
       words: 887
      flesch: 37
     summary: Section eleven discusses international organizations including the United Na- tions and its agencies; defense organiza- tions (North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Partnership for Peace); economic organizations (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, World Trade Organi- zation, and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development); other world organizations (the Commonwealth, International Organization of Franco- phonie, Non-Aligned Movement, Group of 77, and Organization of the Islamic Conference); European organizations (European Union, Council of Europe, Or- ganization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and European Bank for Recon- struction and Development); other Euro- pean organizations (European Free Trade Association, Visegrad Group, Nordic Council, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Central European Free Trade Agree- ment, Central European Initiative, and Organization of the Black Sea Economic Co-operation); American, Arab, African, Eurasian, and Asia-Pacific Organiza- tions (Organization of American States, Rio Group, Southern Common Market, Andean Community of Nations, Carib- bean Community and Common Market, Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, League of Arab States, Gulf Co-operation Council, African Union, Southern African Development Community, Shanghai Co- operation Organization, Commonwealth 602 College & Research Libraries November 2009 of Independent States, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Eurasian Economic Community, Association of South-East Asian Nations, Asia-Pacific Economic Co- operation, Pacific Islands Forum, Asian Development Bank, and South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation). Book Reviews 601 of its individual parts.
    keywords: register; section
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        item: #4019 of 5668
          id: crl-16053
      author: Connell, Tschera Harkness
       title: Writing the Research Paper: A Review
        date: 2010-01-01
       words: 1017
      flesch: 62
     summary: “Litera- ture reviews identify, classify, and explain the most important scholarly answers to important research questions. A more complete discussion of problem statements appears in a 2007 editorial written by Hernon and Swartz for Library & Information Science Research.1 The literature review is another compo- nent of research submissions.
    keywords: research; review
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        item: #4020 of 5668
          id: crl-16054
      author: Nolen, David S.
       title: Characteristics of la literatura: A Reference Study of Spanish and Latin American Literature
        date: 2010-01-01
       words: 5606
      flesch: 46
     summary: The first question that it seeks to address is wheth- er similar patterns of monographic usage are observed in this area of literary studies when compared to other studies of mul- tiple disciplines within the humanities7 and by studies of literature.8 In addition, it examines the age of materials referenced in an effort to gain insight into the shelf- life of these materials, as several studies have emphasized.9 This study intends to address these questions by examining the materials referenced in articles found in three well-known journals in the field across a 30-year time span. This finding reflects the trends shown in other studies that emphasize the importance of these book format sources in the humanities as a whole, and in literary studies in particular.
    keywords: citations; literary; monographs; scholarly; years
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        item: #4021 of 5668
          id: crl-16055
      author: Gerke, Jennifer; Maness, Jack M.
       title: The Physical and the Virtual: The Relationship between Library as Place and Electronic Collections
        date: 2010-01-01
       words: 5429
      flesch: 45
     summary: Carol Tenopir, Brenda Hitchcock, and Ashley Pillow, “Use and users of electronic library resources: an overview and analysis of recent research studies,” Council on Library and Information Resources (Aug. 2003), 42. There are clear indicators in other studies that discipline does have an effect on how patrons use electronic library resources.5 There are a number of possible theories for this lack of correlation.
    keywords: electronic; libraries; library; resources; use; users
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        item: #4022 of 5668
          id: crl-16056
      author: Hendrix, Dean
       title: Relationships between Association of Research Libraries (ARL) Statistics and Bibliometric Indicators: A Principal Components Analysis
        date: 2010-01-01
       words: 4384
      flesch: 33
     summary: Total library expenditures per capita 0.923 Library staff per capita 0.914 Volumes per capita 0.892 Librarians per capita 0.884 Serials per capita Citations per faculty member 0.844 h-index 0.842 Citations per article 0.825 Total number of citations 0.513 0.793 Articles per faculty member 0.772 Impact index 0.738 Total number of articles 0.603 0.707 Not cited article percentage –0.704 Total number of articles with no citations 0.628 0.641 Circulation transactions per capita Percentage of total library expenditures spent on materials –0.681 A Principal Components Analysis 39 locate more of their budgets to collections and electronic resources field fewer refer- ence questions and perform fewer library presentations.
    keywords: expenditures; libraries; library; number; research; total
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        item: #4023 of 5668
          id: crl-16057
      author: Wagner, Cassie
       title: Graphic Novel Collections in Academic ARL Libraries
        date: 2010-01-01
       words: 3452
      flesch: 56
     summary: A list of academic ARL libraries with archival comics collections was developed by comparing the list of ARL libraries with the comics collections listed by Randall W. Scott.14 As documented by Mulcahy, the most commonly held science fiction novel (Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse Five) is found in 99 per- cent of academic ARL libraries.
    keywords: comics; graphic; libraries; novels
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        item: #4024 of 5668
          id: crl-16060
      author: Alexander, Jean
       title: The Essential Criticism of John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men. Ed. Michael J. Meyer. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2009. 364p. alk. paper, $55 (ISBN 9780810867338). LC 2008-051372.
        date: 2010-01-01
       words: 1229
      flesch: 51
     summary: Born into a merchant family and trained in the mercantile arts, Colbert en- tered into state administration at an early age and rose to prominence in the 1650s as financial manager for, and administrative factotum to, Cardinal Mazarin, the chief minister of France. For example, The Short Novels of John Steinbeck: Critical Essays with a Checklist to Steinbeck Criti- cism (Duke, 1990) contains the articles by Spilka, Goldhurst, and Loftis reprinted in Meyer’s new collection.
    keywords: criticism; information; steinbeck
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        item: #4025 of 5668
          id: crl-16061
      author: Dousa, Thomas
       title: Jacob Soll. The Information Master: Jean-Baptiste Colbert’s Secret State Intelligence System. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2009. 277p. alk. paper, $65 (ISBN 9780472116904). LC 2008-051142.
        date: 2010-01-01
       words: 3222
      flesch: 38
     summary: In other words, both the Royal Library and the Colbertine functioned both as a statesman’s library and as state archives, whose collections amounted to what Soll terms “an encyclopedia of the state” (p. 2). Colbert used the libraries-cum-archives under his control not only as sources of information for his personal administra- tive work but also as instruments for projecting state interests into the realm of cultural politics.
    keywords: colbert; information; library; soll; state
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        item: #4026 of 5668
          id: crl-16062
      author: Greene, Harlan
       title: Barbara M. Wildemuth. Applications of Social Research Methods to Questions in Information and Library Science. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2009. 421p. alk. paper, $50 (ISBN 9781591585039). LC 2008-053745
        date: 2010-01-01
       words: 1237
      flesch: 50
     summary: What is produced is not just an amazing synthesis of research methods and pro- tocols but a succinct summary of various ILS research papers on numerous topics that used the particular research method under discussion. The book has not a single graphic throughout its hundreds of pages; but the scores of research articles illustrating the methods under discussion in each chapter open up broad vistas for not just students and professionals but the ILS field as a whole.
    keywords: book; research
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        item: #4027 of 5668
          id: crl-16063
      author: Krafft, Scott
       title: Laura Cruz. The Paradox of Prosperity: The Leiden Booksellers’ Guild and the Distribution of Books in Early Modern Europe. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press, 2009. 275p. alk. paper, $55 (ISBN 9781584562351). LC 2008-027743.
        date: 2010-01-01
       words: 1917
      flesch: 57
     summary: The book also has a noticeably sloppier than usual occurrence of missing or misspelled words, and of other little mistakes and anomalies such as the Chris- toper/Christoffel issue mentioned above, and the incorrect founding date of 1576 for Leiden Leiden University cited on page 78. The rest of this chapter is an interesting depiction of the intersection of printers, scholars, and libraries of Leiden, more concrete and particular than some of the more speculative and table-heavy chapters that follow, and more likely to appeal to those readers with an interest in book history rather than economic theory.
    keywords: book; leiden; research
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        item: #4028 of 5668
          id: crl-16064
      author: Repplinger, John
       title: Beth Gallaway. Game On! Gaming at the Library. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2009. 306p. alk. paper, $55 (ISBN 9781555705954). LC2009-014110.
        date: 2010-01-01
       words: 1208
      flesch: 59
     summary: The book also has a noticeably sloppier than usual occurrence of missing or misspelled words, and of other little mistakes and anomalies such as the Chris- toper/Christoffel issue mentioned above, and the incorrect founding date of 1576 for Leiden Leiden University cited on page 78. Chapter one provides a good history of video games, from how storytelling met computer games to modern professional gaming competitions.
    keywords: book; gaming
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        item: #4029 of 5668
          id: crl-16066
      author: Best, Rickey D.; Kneip, Jason
       title: Library School Programs and the Successful Training of Academic Librarians to Meet Promotion and Tenure Requirements in the Academy
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 8847
      flesch: 45
     summary: University of Wisconsin Madison 7 University of Michigan 7 Indiana University 6 University of Kentucky 5 University of North Carolina Chapel Hill 5 University of Pittsburgh 5 Kent State University 5 Syracuse University 5 University of Texas Austin 5 Louisiana State University 4 University of Oklahoma 4 SUNY Albany 4 Rutgers University 4 Columbia University 3 Emory University 3 University of Chicago 3 University of Alabama 3 Dominican University 3 SUNY Buffalo State University 3 Drexel University 3 University of Missouri- Columbia 3 School # of Graduates Clarion University of Pennsylvania 3 University of South Florida 3 University of Iowa 3 Southern Connecticut State University 2 University of Arizona 2 Wayne State University 2 University of South Carolina 2 University of Denver 2 University of Washington 2 Emporia State University 2 San Jose State University 2 University of California Los Angeles 2 University of Maryland 2 Simmons College 2 University of Hawaii 2 University of Tennessee 2 University of North Texas 2 Florida State University 1 University of Western Ontario 1 Dalhousie University 1 McGill University 1 Vanderbilt University 1 Total 145 Table 9 library School Programs attended by Survey Respondents Library School Programs and the Successful Training of Academic Librarians 109 establish a base value of 4, regardless of how many additional articles the respondent had published. Pubs Per School (Max = 4) Columbia University 4.00 Emory University 4.00 Florida State University 4.00 Southern Connecticut State University 4.00 University of Arizona 4.00 University of Chicago 4.00 Wayne State University 4.00 University of Kentucky 3.80 University of North Carolina Chapel Hill 3.80 University of Alabama 3.66 University of Pittsburgh 3.60 University of South Carolina 3.50 Dominican University 3.33 SUNY Buffalo State University 3.33 Louisiana State University 3.25 University of Oklahoma 3.25 University of Wisconsin Madison 3.14 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 3.07 Drexel University 3.00 University of Denver 3.00 University of Missouri- Columbia 3.00 110 College & Research Libraries March 2010
    keywords: articles; librarians; library; publication; research; tenure; university
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        item: #4030 of 5668
          id: crl-16067
      author: Gerlich, Bella Karr; Berard, G. Lynn
       title: Testing the Viability of the READ Scale (Reference Effort Assessment Data)©: Qualitative Statistics for Academic Reference Services
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 10467
      flesch: 52
     summary: There are two distinct areas of study in reference assessment that di- rectly influence our work: the measurement and evaluation of reference service and the means of recording reference transactions (both traditional and automated practices). There was a 52 percent return rate of an online survey of participants, with more than 80 percent of respondents indicating they would recommend or adopt the Scale for recording reference transactions.
    keywords: data; desk; effort; read scale; reference; scale; service; statistics; study; time
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        item: #4031 of 5668
          id: crl-16069
      author: Jankowska, Maria Anna; Marcum, James W.
       title: Sustainability Challenge for Academic Libraries: Planning for the Future
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 6031
      flesch: 37
     summary: Additionally, the paper presents a synthesis of existing literature on the increasingly popular topic of “green libraries” and prepares a background toward developing a framework for sustainable strategies in academic libraries. ©Maria Anna Jankowska and James W. Marcum There is growing concern that a variety of factors threaten the sustain- ability of academic libraries: developing and preserving print and digital collections, supplying and supporting rapidly changing technological and networking infrastructure, providing free services, maintaining growing costs of library buildings, and lowering libraries’ ecological footprint.
    keywords: academic; available; february; green; libraries; library; online; sustainability; sustainable
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        item: #4032 of 5668
          id: crl-16070
      author: Sweeper, Darren; Smith, Steven A.
       title: Assessing the Impact of Gender and Race on Earnings in the Library Science Labor Market
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 6739
      flesch: 47
     summary: As with neoclassical economic theory, these models assume perfect mobility, which implies the ab- sence of noneconomic barriers such as discrimination.24 This approach to labor market analysis usually requires the de- velopment of earnings attainment models that include quantifiable human capital variables hypothesized to influence the determination of wages. The occupationalist perspective con- tends that significant earnings differen- tials are due to segregation of jobs based on irrelevant characteristics such as gender and race.25 Occupationalists fo- cus on both individual and occupational factors to explain differences in wages.
    keywords: earnings; labor; library; market; science; variables
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        item: #4033 of 5668
          id: crl-16071
      author: DeGeorge, Deborah
       title: Beth M. Whittaker and Lynn M. Thomas. Special Collections 2.0. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2009. xxiv, 150p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 9781591587200). LC 2009-013451.
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 1178
      flesch: 44
     summary: Chapter 5 provides great detail on access to collections via catalogs and finding aids, and the current state of descriptive access to special collections. Chapter 4 begins the progression to more detailed, collection-focused examples of Web 2.0 technology, by discussing the use of social tagging, Flickr, and podcasts to promote collections, create digital collec- tions, and enhance collection description.
    keywords: collections; special
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        item: #4034 of 5668
          id: crl-16072
      author: Drabinski, Emily
       title: Brent L. Pickett. Historical Dictionary of Homosexuality. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2009. 280p. alk. paper, $85 (ISBN 9780810859791). LC 2009-004763.
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 1280
      flesch: 49
     summary: For example, he excludes coverage of transgender and transsexual histories on the grounds that sexual orientation and gender identity are distinct categories with distinct histories. The bulk of the book consists of 200 pages of alphabetical entries that range from key figures (Radclyffe Hall, Michel Foucault), organizations (Mattachine Society, Log Cabin Republicans), and moments (Stone- wall, the passage of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell) in LGBT history, as well as more general references tied by Pickett to the subject.
    keywords: book; collections; pickett
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        item: #4035 of 5668
          id: crl-16073
      author: Galbraith, Steven K.
       title: James Kearney. The Incarnate Text: Imagining the Book in Reformation England. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009. 328p. alk. paper, $65 (ISBN 9780812241587). LC 2008-050863.
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 2035
      flesch: 59
     summary: Kearney’s examination of girdle books is prompted by a scene from Book I of Edmund Spenser ’s Faerie Queene. Discussions of girdle books come to life when an example that survives in the collections at Yale University is available for the scholar to study and reproduced for the reader to view.
    keywords: book; kearney; text
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        item: #4036 of 5668
          id: crl-16076
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Nicolas Barker. The Glory of Writing: The Calligraphic Work of Francesco Alunno. Los Angeles: Cotsen Occasional Press, 2009. 2 vols.: vol. 1, 141p.; vol. 2, 231p. (ISBN 9780974516837).
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 1317
      flesch: 56
     summary: Through a careful and dogged study of the relationships and politics of the printers and publishers, Brown delivers a nicely nuanced portrait of the press of Edinburgh in the mid-eighteenth century. Máire Ken- nedy (in charge of special collections in the Dublin City Libraries) uses the figure of William Flynn (1740–1811), who “rep- resented a typical printer and bookseller of the late eighteenth century,” to explore different aspects of the book trade in the Munster region of Ireland, specifically the port of Cork and its surrounds.
    keywords: alunno; barker; writing
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        item: #4037 of 5668
          id: crl-16077
      author: Baker, Nancy L.
       title: Inspiring the Muse in the City of Literature
        date: 2010-05-01
       words: 982
      flesch: 55
     summary: Last summer, the University Libraries and University of Iowa Press organized the first annual Iowa City Book festival, bringing the community and campus together to celebrate what makes life in the City of Literature so special. While other colleges and universities may not share this special interest in cre- ative writing and book technologies, all of us can foster the established and emerging writers within our communities.
    keywords: city; university
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        item: #4038 of 5668
          id: crl-16078
      author: DaCosta, Jacqui Weetman
       title: Is There an Information Literacy Skills Gap to Be Bridged? An Examination of Faculty Perceptions and Activities Relating to Information Literacy in the United States and England
        date: 2010-05-01
       words: 9570
      flesch: 53
     summary: % % Strongly Agree (n=30 DMU, n=29 TCNJ) Her findings were that faculty saw the importance of information literacy skills; but there was no overall agreement on when students should acquire the skills, as this can vary between disciplines.
    keywords: faculty; information; information literacy; literacy; percent; skills; students
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        item: #4039 of 5668
          id: crl-16079
      author: Nemeth, Erik
       title: Complementary Value of Databases for Discovery of Scholarly Literature: A User Survey of Online Searching for Publications in Art History
        date: 2010-05-01
       words: 6069
      flesch: 47
     summary: The range of types of search tools included aggregate library catalogs, art-history citation databases with abstracts and indexing, humanities databases with full-text content, and Web search engines. Combinations of search tools included not only two distinctly different types of tools (such as citation indexes, full-text databases, Web search engines) but also similar tools (like Art Index and BHA).
    keywords: art; databases; search; tools; use; web
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        item: #4040 of 5668
          id: crl-16080
      author: West, Jevin D.; Bergstrom, Theodore C.; Bergstrom, Carl T.
       title: The Eigenfactor MetricsTM: A Network Approach to Assessing Scholarly Journals
        date: 2010-05-01
       words: 4315
      flesch: 63
     summary: Journals indicated in grey are journals that do not exist in both columns. Eigenfactor: measuring the value and prestige of scholarly journals.
    keywords: article; citation; econ; eigenfactor; journals
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        item: #4041 of 5668
          id: crl-16082
      author: Magi, Trina J.
       title: A Content Analysis of Library Vendor Privacy Policies: Do They Meet Our Standards?
        date: 2010-05-01
       words: 10313
      flesch: 51
     summary: These standards, along with the Federal Trade Commis- sion’s “Fair Information Practice Prin- ciples,” serve as the basis for this study’s evaluation of vendor privacy policies. While most vendors have privacy policies, the policy provisions fall short on many library profession standards and show little support for the library Code of Ethics.
    keywords: analysis; content; information; library; online; personal; policies; policy; privacy; user; vendors
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        item: #4042 of 5668
          id: crl-16083
      author: Bordonaro, Karen
       title: Is Library Database Searching a Language Learning Activity?
        date: 2010-05-01
       words: 6407
      flesch: 54
     summary: Findings from this study highlight the importance of Reznowski’s words, that “Librarians should be active in assisting language students with the identification of language learning op- portunities. The partici- pants employ both vocabulary strategies and library strategies to try to think of ad- ditional words to search on.
    keywords: language; learning; library; searching; strategies; students
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        item: #4043 of 5668
          id: crl-16085
      author: Mitchell, Nicole
       title: Kay Ann Cassell and Uma Hiremath. Reference and Information Services in the 21st Century: An Introduction. 2nd ed. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2009. 461p. alk. paper, $69.95 (ISBN 9781555706722). LC2009-023650.
        date: 2010-05-01
       words: 1259
      flesch: 48
     summary: The chapters in this section discuss sources for review and evaluation of reference works, how to manage staff and services, assessment of reference services, Reference 2.0, and the future of information service. In the first section, “Fundamental Concepts,” chapter 1 introduces read- ers to the history of reference services and typical activities involved such as readers’ advisories, information literacy, promotion and marketing, and staff and service evaluation.
    keywords: chapter; reference
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        item: #4044 of 5668
          id: crl-16086
      author: Mitchell, W. Bede
       title: Randall C. Jimerson. Archives Power: Memory, Accountability, and Social Justice. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2009. 466p. alk. paper, $56 (ISBN 193166630X). LC2009-025519.
        date: 2010-05-01
       words: 1879
      flesch: 46
     summary: The chapters in this section discuss sources for review and evaluation of reference works, how to manage staff and services, assessment of reference services, Reference 2.0, and the future of information service. In the first section, “Fundamental Concepts,” chapter 1 introduces read- ers to the history of reference services and typical activities involved such as readers’ advisories, information literacy, promotion and marketing, and staff and service evaluation.
    keywords: archivists; jimerson; reference
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        item: #4045 of 5668
          id: crl-16087
      author: Ring, Richard J.
       title: William H. Brandt. Interpretive Wood-Engraving: The Story of the Society of American Wood-Engravers. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press, 2009. 204p. alk. paper, $85 hardback (ISBN 9781584562672). LC2009-031744.
        date: 2010-05-01
       words: 1238
      flesch: 49
     summary: Divided into two parts, the book covers various health informatics and its role in modern health care as well as the principal aspects, procedures, and practices in the field. Those entering medical librarianship require a theoretical framework and an under- standing of the practical applications of health informatics.
    keywords: health; informatics
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        item: #4046 of 5668
          id: crl-16088
      author: Schnell, Eric
       title: Ana D. Cleveland and Donald B. Cleveland. Health Informatics for Medical Librarians. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2009. 288p. alk. paper, $90; Medical Library Association Members: $81 (ISBN 9781555706272). LC2009-017656.
        date: 2010-05-01
       words: 1248
      flesch: 49
     summary: Divided into two parts, the book covers various health informatics and its role in modern health care as well as the principal aspects, procedures, and practices in the field. Those entering medical librarianship require a theoretical framework and an under- standing of the practical applications of health informatics.
    keywords: health; informatics
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        item: #4047 of 5668
          id: crl-16089
      author: York, Maurice C.
       title: Ted Striphas. The Late Age of Print: Everyday Book Culture from Consumerism to Control. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009. 242p. alk. paper, $27.50 (ISBN 9780231148146). LC2008-039391.
        date: 2010-05-01
       words: 1284
      flesch: 53
     summary: In his view, Ms. Winfrey and her staff have made a con- certed effort—unlike book publishers—to understand their viewers and to help them enjoy books that fit their tastes and time constraints, while encouraging them to attempt more challenging titles. Employing wide-ranging research, care- ful analysis, an impressive vocabulary, and a good sense of humor, Ted Striphas, an assistant professor in the Department of Communication and Culture and ad- junct professor of American Studies and Cultural Studies at Indiana University, has crafted a thought-provoking com- mentary on trends in book culture from the early twentieth century to the pres- ent.
    keywords: book; health; informatics
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        item: #4048 of 5668
          id: crl-16092
      author: Kosavic, Andrea
       title: The York Digital Journals Project: Strategies for Institutional Open Journal Systems Implementations
        date: 2010-07-01
       words: 7235
      flesch: 50
     summary: Lorimer expounds upon the economics of OJS journals and compares costs between them and tradi- tional print and publisher-driven pricing. Consequently, a very useful symbiosis between the two initiatives was formed, where events hosted by the Scholarly Communications Committee were ideal for spreading the word about how York could help faculty move forward in their adoption of open access models.
    keywords: access; faculty; journals; open; project; publishing; research; scholarly; york
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        item: #4049 of 5668
          id: crl-16094
      author: Loder, Michael Wescott
       title: Libraries with a Future: How Are Academic Library Usage and Green Demands Changing Building Designs?
        date: 2010-07-01
       words: 5753
      flesch: 61
     summary: Principal at SBR&A, has been a frequent speaker at library events and contributed to books on the design of academic library buildings. Energy and Spaces The surveys that Harold B. Shill and Shawn Tonner conducted in 2001–200213 touched on many of the major shifts in academic library building design that had been occurring over a seven-year period.
    keywords: academic; buildings; leed; libraries; library; new; space; university
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        item: #4050 of 5668
          id: crl-16095
      author: Maximiek, Sarah; Rushton, Erin; Brown, Elizabeth
       title: Coding into the Great Unknown: Analyzing Instant Messaging Session Transcripts to Identify User Behaviors and Measure Quality of Service
        date: 2010-07-01
       words: 6254
      flesch: 54
     summary: In 2005 the libraries’ DRC was charged with initiating IM reference service at the Bartle Library and Science Library. There is belief among some researchers that these techniques alter desk behaviors of both patron and librarian.2 Less intrusive methods for evaluating reference services became possible through the availability of e-mail and chat transcripts.
    keywords: librarian; library; questions; reference; service; user
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        item: #4051 of 5668
          id: crl-16096
      author: Wyss, Paul Alan
       title: Library School Faculty Member Perceptions Regarding Faculty Status for Academic Librarians
        date: 2010-07-01
       words: 7228
      flesch: 40
     summary: The following section presents the results for the research questions regard- ing faculty status for academic librarians; perceptions on faculty status for academic librarians based on the gender, tenure sta- tus, and academic rank of respondents; the curricula that prepare librarians for em- ployment in academic libraries; the termi- nal degree(s) for academic librarians; the manner in which faculty status librarians should be evaluated; participation in col- lege or university governance by faculty status academic librarians; the compensa- tion of faculty status academic librarians; and sabbaticals and research release time for academic librarians with faculty status. They were also in agreement that faculty status academic librarians should be eligible for the same sabbatical and research leaves as teaching faculty (M = 3.81) while once again showing a broad range (SD = 1.23) of perceptions.
    keywords: academic; faculty; librarians; library; status
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        item: #4052 of 5668
          id: crl-16097
      author: Bolstad, Judy P.
       title: Emily Knox. Document Delivery and Interlibrary Loan on a Shoestring. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2010. 225p. alk. paper, $65 (ISBN 9781555706784). LC2009-035189.
        date: 2010-07-01
       words: 1248
      flesch: 59
     summary: In fact, for smaller libraries, it is especially important to be able to offer ILL and document delivery services so that they can keep their customers happy. ILL and document delivery services are typically difficult for small libraries to provide because of limited staffing and the high costs involved.
    keywords: ill; libraries
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        item: #4053 of 5668
          id: crl-16098
      author: Dickey, Timothy J.
       title: Barry Cooper. Child Composers & Their Works: A Historical Survey. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2009. 216p. alk. paper, $65 (ISBN 9780810869110). LC2009-000236.
        date: 2010-07-01
       words: 1275
      flesch: 55
     summary: Many child composers have early training at the keyboard, which helps to foster their early musical experi- mentation. Or it could be a highly interesting, but ultimately mar- ginal, recapitulation of musical works, many of which are still not ready for prime time.—Timothy J. Dickey, OCLC Research, Dublin, Ohio.
    keywords: composers; cooper
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        item: #4054 of 5668
          id: crl-16099
      author: Hensley, Timothy
       title: Martin Austin Nesvig. Ideology and Inquisition: The World of the Censors in Early Mexico. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2009. 366p. alk. paper, $60 (ISBN 9780300140408). LC2008-054919.
        date: 2010-07-01
       words: 1859
      flesch: 48
     summary: For the uninitiated and/or innumerate, this daunting tome will appear, prima facie, to be alarmingly technical; and, since most librarians are not conversant with sophisticated statistical methodolo- gies, the whole notion of library metrics might prove to be off-putting to the bulk of the targeted professional readership. Conse- quently, many of Cooper’s conclusions in the central chapter on “common charac- teristics” of child composers are difficult to substantiate: what does it mean, for instance, that, among this particular sample of musically important people who composed as children, so many of them became composers as adults?
    keywords: composers; inquisition; metrics
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        item: #4055 of 5668
          id: crl-16101
      author: Note, Margot
       title: Forgotten Patriots: African American and American Indian Patriots in the Revolutionary War: A Guide to Service, Sources and Studies. Ed. Eric G. Grundset. Washington, D.C.: National Society Daughters of the American Revolution, 2008. 872p. alk. paper, $35 (ISBN 9781892237101).
        date: 2010-07-01
       words: 1157
      flesch: 50
     summary: Because specific and designated terms such as ‘Negro,’ ‘mulatto,’ ‘mustee,’ ‘black man,’ etc., were used to describe individuals of African descent or partial African descent, the use of terms such as ‘ruddy,’ ‘sandy,’ ‘light,’ ‘dark,’ etc. usually refers to someone of European descent in an attempt to describe better [than] variations in skin tone lumped together by some as ‘white’” (138). For example, a source lists Africa Hamlin of Pembroke, Massachusetts, as a possible African American soldier; later research revealed that he was of European descent and had siblings named Asia, Europe, and America.
    keywords: african; american
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        item: #4056 of 5668
          id: crl-16102
      author: Daniels, Tim
       title: Robert Allan. Virtual Research Environments: From Portals to Science Gateways. Oxford: Chandos Publishing, 2009. 266p. $85 (ISBN 9787843345626).
        date: 2010-07-01
       words: 1053
      flesch: 49
     summary: These chap- ters also include example projects that fit into the author’s definition of e-research, provide a brief description of how data is produced and how data is analyzed by researches. This is a book that covers the develop- ment of a system for doing research and e-science in all academic disciplines.
    keywords: american; research
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        item: #4057 of 5668
          id: crl-16103
      author: Martell, Charles
       title: Shadow Duel between Stereotypes: Perspectives on the Core Mission of Academic Libraries
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 540
      flesch: 47
     summary: Guest Editorial 405 Perspectives concerning the makeup of the core mission of academic libraries and the relative balance between its two major com- ponents – physical and virtual resources, vary widely leading to false expectations and unnecessary apprehensiveness. It may well be that our discussion about the future of academic libraries oc- casionally distorts the reality of what is in fact happening.
    keywords: library
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        item: #4058 of 5668
          id: crl-16104
      author: Coker, Catherine; vanDuinkerken, Wyoma; Bales, Stephen
       title: Seeking Full Citizenship: A Defense of Tenure Faculty Status for Librarians
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 8518
      flesch: 46
     summary: This paper describes the many challenges faculty librarians face in balancing their work load with service and scholarship; justifies why academic librarians need tenure; and ultimately proves that tenure and faculty status for academic librarians are an absolute necessity. This is due to incorrect perceptions about what academic librarians do and how they serve their profes- sion.
    keywords: academic; academic librarians; faculty; faculty status; librarians; research; status; teaching; tenure; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-16104.pdf
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        item: #4059 of 5668
          id: crl-16105
      author: Lenker, Mark; Kocevar-Weidinger, Elizabeth
       title: Nonaffiliated Users in Academic Libraries: Using W.D. Ross’s Ethical Pluralism to Make Sense of the Tough Questions
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 8830
      flesch: 48
     summary: Furthermore, the claims of beneficence are frequently in conflict with the claims of fidelity, particularly when one is asked to do something prohibited by library policy. Much of the literature suggests that library staff often view their interactions with nonaffiliated patrons as problematic.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; nonaffiliated; policy; ross; staff; users
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        item: #4060 of 5668
          id: crl-16108
      author: Buhler, Amy G.; Ferree, Nita; Cataldo, Tara T.; Tennant, Michele R.
       title: External Reporting Lines of Academic Special Libraries: A Health Sciences Case Study
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 13501
      flesch: 57
     summary: However, level of report did make a difference in terms of ability to move quickly, a hallmark of health science libraries. During the interview phase of this project, one library director made the following distinctions between health science and university libraries: “Well … one of the largest issues is that health science libraries and university libraries are very dif- ferent animals.
    keywords: campus; health; libraries; library; reporting; satisfied; science; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-16108.pdf
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        item: #4061 of 5668
          id: crl-16109
      author: Accardi, Maria T.
       title: Collaborative Information Literacy Assessments: Strategies for Evaluating Teaching and Learning. Eds. Thomas P. Mackey and Trudi E. Jacobson. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2010. 242p. alk. paper, $85 (ISBN 9781555706937). LC2009-045950.
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 1144
      flesch: 38
     summary: Crosscutting the distinction between description labor and search labor is a further distinction between semantic and syntactic labor. Such transfers are possible, in Warner’s estimation, because these technologies are themselves the products of human labor and designed with specifically hu- man purposes in mind: historically, there has been a tendency to delegate as many processes of human labor as possible to technological tools.
    keywords: information; labor
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        item: #4062 of 5668
          id: crl-16110
      author: Dousa, Thomas M.
       title: Julian Warner. Human Information Retrieval. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2010. 189p. alk. paper, $35 (ISBN 9780262013444). LC2009-010120.
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 1921
      flesch: 41
     summary: Significantly, though, both types of searches require semantic search labor, for the onus is on the searcher to disambiguate and inter- pret the results of a full-text search. Because, in Warner ’s view, semantic labor is categorically not transferable to machines, any reduction in semantic description labor entails an increase in semantic search labor.
    keywords: human; labor; semantic
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        item: #4063 of 5668
          id: crl-16111
      author: Greene, Harlan
       title: Kimberly Black. What Books by African American Women Were Acquired by American Academic Libraries? A Study of Institutional Legitimation, Exclusion and Implicit Censorship. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 2009. 211p. $109.95 (ISBN 9780773437920). LC2010-278113.
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 1300
      flesch: 52
     summary: He was, suddenly, a major player in an effort that many felt might usurp the traditional roles of print book publishers and academic libraries. She relates such variables as the size of the publisher to the number of reviews and compares the review ratios of books by African American women writers to other women writers.
    keywords: american; book
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        item: #4064 of 5668
          id: crl-16112
      author: Hyde, Gene
       title: Robert Darnton. The Case for Books: Past, Present, and Future. New York: PublicAffairs, 2009. 218p. alk. paper, $23.95 (ISBN 9781586488260). LC2009-034693.
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 1248
      flesch: 59
     summary: What common ground exists between old books and e-books? Given this intimate personal and pro- fessional history with what he calls “e- books and old books,” Darnton brings in- teresting insights to this discussion of the role of print and electronic media in the present and future.
    keywords: book; darnton
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        item: #4065 of 5668
          id: crl-16114
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Mirjam M. Foot. The Henry Davis Gift: A Collection of Bookbindings. Volume III: A Catalogue of South-European Bindings. London and New Castle, Del.: The British Library and Oak Knoll Press, 2010. 527p. $125 ISBN: 9780712350549 (British Library) and 9781584562726 (Oak Knoll). LC80510312.
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 647
      flesch: 68
     summary: —John Repplinger, Willamette University. Mirjam M. Foot. With volume II in 1983, Foot brought out the first installment of her catalogue proper of the collection, and it immediately became a standard reference work in the field.
    keywords: volume
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        item: #4066 of 5668
          id: crl-16115
      author: Branin, Joseph
       title: Bookish Librarians
        date: 2010-11-01
       words: 927
      flesch: 62
     summary: Ably managed by our book review editor, Geoffrey D. Smith, who by day is the Head of the Rare Books and Manuscripts Library at the Ohio State University, this section at the end of each issue offers five to six cogent reviews on a variety of new books in librarianship, publishing history, and information science. You can read most articles quickly in one “sitting.” While journal articles occupy most of our pages, I want to remind readers that we do book reviews too.
    keywords: articles; book
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        item: #4067 of 5668
          id: crl-16117
      author: Nixon, Judith M.
       title: Annual Reports to Shareholders: Historical Collections in Libraries
        date: 2010-11-01
       words: 3472
      flesch: 53
     summary: Bernstein’s survey report found that thirty-one libraries retain Fortune 500 company reports indefi- nitely, and O’Connor found that only ten libraries retain ARS reports indefinitely. Using such information, historians can trace many trends and developments if they have access to strong collections of ARS reports.
    keywords: collections; libraries; reports; university
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        item: #4068 of 5668
          id: crl-16118
      author: Rempel, Hannah Gascho
       title: A Longitudinal Assessment of Graduate Student Research Behavior and the Impact of Attending a Library Literature Review Workshop
        date: 2010-11-01
       words: 9506
      flesch: 44
     summary: Christine S. Bruce, “Research Students’ Early Experiences of the Dissertation Literature Review,” Studies in Higher Education 19, No. 2 (June 1994): 217–29. Christine S. Bruce, “Interpreting the Scope of Their Literature Reviews: Significant Differ- ences in Research Students’ Concerns,” New Library World 102 (2001): 158–65. 21.
    keywords: graduate; literature; literature review; participants; process; research; review; students
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        item: #4069 of 5668
          id: crl-16119
      author: Zhu, Xiaohua; Eschenfelder, Kristin R.
       title: Social Construction of Authorized Users in the Digital Age
        date: 2010-11-01
       words: 12922
      flesch: 44
     summary: Some cautioned that narrower defini- tions might require library enforcement or restrict networking options.54 This section continues by outlining two areas in license negotiations between libraries and providers important to the changes in conceptions of authorized us- ers: whether or not the public and alumni qualified as authorized users, and the physical location of a “site.” The Public and Alumni as Authorized Users As e-resources became available over networks, public users became a contro- versial user group. In analyzing changes to the license and technology-based definitions, it tracks shifts in major stakeholders’ perceptions of authorized users and describes developments in licensing and access control technologies.
    keywords: academic; access; authorized; authorized users; electronic; information; libraries; library; license; providers; public; research; resources; users
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        item: #4070 of 5668
          id: crl-16121
      author: Alexander, Jean M.
       title: Books for Sale: The Advertising and Promotion of Print since the Fifteenth Century. Eds. Robin Myers, Michael Harris, and Giles Mandelbrote. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press, 2009. 191p. alk. paper, $49.95 (ISBN 9781584562658). LC 2009-046880.
        date: 2010-11-01
       words: 1230
      flesch: 64
     summary: A snobbish prejudice against book jackets held sway among publishers. “Advertising is part of life,” asserts Mi- chael Harris in an essay on the selling and promotion of books.
    keywords: book; trade
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        item: #4071 of 5668
          id: crl-16124
      author: Jagodzinski, Cecile M.
       title: Owen Davies. Grimoires: A History of Magic Books. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2009. x, 368p. $29.95 (ISBN 9780199204519). LC2009-924589.
        date: 2010-11-01
       words: 1935
      flesch: 52
     summary: Chapter 1 introduces the notion that words and books can be ritual objects; the line between books and magic books, and between miracles and sorcery, was a blurred one. The epigraph to Grimoires quotes an episode from Don Quixote in which a character, standing at the gates of hell, observes a dozen or so devils, playing tennis with rackets of fire—but rather than using tennis balls, their implements were books, “apparently full of wind and rubbish.”
    keywords: books; davies; grimoires; history
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        item: #4072 of 5668
          id: crl-16125
      author: Michalski, David
       title: Phyllis S. Morgan. N. Scott Momaday: Remembering Ancestors, Earth, and Traditions: An Annotated Bio-Bibliography. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2010. 396p. alk. paper, $39 (ISBN 9780806140544). LC2009-030036.
        date: 2010-11-01
       words: 1249
      flesch: 57
     summary: Morgan’s portrait of the acclaimed Kiowa writer is divided into three parts, a biography and chronology, a thoroughly collected and classified annotated bib- liography of Momaday’s works, and an equally thorough account of works about Momaday and his writing. She sketches his as- sociations and his collaborations, but she also captures the structure of feeling that he develops as he endeavors to take each place he inhabits into his identity and work.
    keywords: momaday; morgan
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        item: #4073 of 5668
          id: crl-16126
      author: Note, Margot
       title: The Thread That Binds: Interviews with Private Practice Bookbinders. Comp. Pamela Train Leutz. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press, 2010. 335p. alk. paper, $34.95 (ISBN 978-1584562740). LC2009-047868.
        date: 2010-11-01
       words: 1679
      flesch: 56
     summary: Leutz notes that “bookbinders are interconnected, almost like a family tree, through their training, work, col- laboration, or friendships.” The need to do extra work is often not discovered until a book is dis- assembled or the unique structure of a book is begun.”
    keywords: actual; book; work
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        item: #4074 of 5668
          id: crl-16127
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: “Distinctive Signifiers of Excellence”: Library Services and the Future of the Academic Library
        date: 2011-01-01
       words: 1367
      flesch: 42
     summary: Defining distinctive services with the clarity with which we have defined distinctive collections allows us to acknowledge that the 21st century will be marked by different, but equally valid, definitions of excellence in academic libraries, and that the manner in which individual libraries demon- strate excellence will be distinctive to the service needs, and to the opportunities to address those needs, found on each campus. I maintain that understanding the process by which such distinctive services develop and contribute to the evolving mission of the 21st-century research library is as critical to its future as is understanding the environment for resource sharing, the need to rethink retention of print collections, or the challenges inherent in supporting e-scholarship.
    keywords: library; services
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        item: #4075 of 5668
          id: crl-16128
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Errata
        date: 2011-01-01
       words: 229
      flesch: 43
     summary: Dan Hazen, “Rethinking Research Library Collections: A Policy Framework for Strait- ened Times, and Beyond,” Library Resources & Technical Services 54, no. 2 (2010): 120. 2. Rare and Special Collections from the Membership of the Association of Research Libraries, eds.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #4076 of 5668
          id: crl-16129
      author: Seeholzer, Jamie; Salem, Joseph A.
       title: Library on the Go: A Focus Group Study of the Mobile Web and the Academic Library
        date: 2011-01-01
       words: 6115
      flesch: 62
     summary: The first six prompts asked questions focused on personal experiences with mobile Web devices, the devices that students use, and their use of mobile Web sites. Participants were looking for a more dynamic experience on mobile Web sites and were not very concerned with sites that were unformat- Library on the Go  19 students when planning new Web-based initiatives.
    keywords: libraries; library; mobile; mobile web; web
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        item: #4077 of 5668
          id: crl-16130
      author: St. Jean, Beth; Rieh, Soo Young; Yakel, Elizabeth; Markey, Karen
       title: Unheard Voices: Institutional Repository End-Users
        date: 2011-01-01
       words: 13889
      flesch: 54
     summary: While they had believed that IR users would primarily want to have access to a collec- tion of the published research materials of faculty and graduate students, their study indicated that potential users want to have a network in which they can share teaching and learning materials, find po- tential collaborators, and promote their research to colleagues. It is noted that we know far more about authors and contributors than about any other type of IR user.31 In an earlier study, it was discovered that, although nearly half of the surveyed IR managers reported gathering user counts to assess the success of their IR, just 10 percent stated that they had interviewed their users and only 4 percent stated that they had surveyed their users.32 We do not know where IR end-users are coming from, how they find the IR, what they look for in the IR, and how they use the IR functionality available.33 We also do not know who end-users are, how they are using IR content, and how satisfied they are with the quality of IR content.34
    keywords: content; end; information; institutional; interviewee; irs; university; users
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        item: #4078 of 5668
          id: crl-16131
      author: Brown, Christopher C.
       title: Knowing Where They Went: Six Years of Online Access Statistics via the Online Catalog for Federal Government Information
        date: 2011-01-01
       words: 9274
      flesch: 53
     summary: A publication comparing online access with print circulation is forthcom- ing.19 Brigham Young University – Idaho (Rexburg) also appends a prefix before document URLs and uses these numbers to get an overall feel for how many docu- ments are being accessed.20 At the 2009 Fall Depository Library Conference, a panel presentation featured the clickthrough projects of the University of Denver, San Jose State University, Auburn University, Louisiana State University, Brigham Young University – Idaho, and the University of Colorado at Boulder.21 In mid-2009, Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, began track- ing online clickthroughs to government documents in their online catalog.22 Since October 2000, the GPO has been providing a URL tracking system of sorts.23 This service allows depository libraries to register Internet subdomains from which online links to PURLs within GPO Access resources originate (such as Web sites, research guides, and library online catalogs). Acquiring, adding, and maintaining URLs in document catalog records raises a series of questions.
    keywords: access; clickthroughs; documents; government; libraries; library; online; records; university; urls
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        item: #4079 of 5668
          id: crl-16132
      author: Mackey, Thomas P.; Jacobson, Trudi E.
       title: Reframing Information Literacy as a Metaliteracy
        date: 2011-01-01
       words: 9712
      flesch: 34
     summary: This redefinition of information literacy expands the scope of generally understood information competencies and places a particular emphasis on producing and sharing information in participatory digital environments. he emergence of social media and collaborative online com- munities requires a reframing of information literacy as a metaliteracy that supports multiple liter- acy types.
    keywords: digital; ibid; information; information literacy; literacy; media; metaliteracy; online; social; technology
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        item: #4080 of 5668
          id: crl-16134
      author: Bolstad, Judy P.
       title: Lisa A. Ennis and Nicole Mitchell. The Accidental Health Sciences Librarian. Medford, N.J.: Information Today, Inc., 2010. 232p. Trade paperback, $29.50 (ISBN 978-1-57387-395-6). LC 2009-51594.
        date: 2011-01-01
       words: 1200
      flesch: 50
     summary: The final chapter discusses networking and associations, such as the MLA, and how health sciences librarians can use blogs, RSS feeds, and listservs to keep up to date with current information. She mentions that the book contains “nu- merous personal reflections that provide valuable guidance to those considering a career in health sciences librarianship.”
    keywords: health; information
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        item: #4081 of 5668
          id: crl-16135
      author: Hensley, Timothy
       title: Ian Cornelius. Information Policies and Strategies. London: Facet Publishing, 2010. 256p. alk. paper, $99.95 (ISBN 9781856046770). NL015366895.
        date: 2011-01-01
       words: 623
      flesch: 45
     summary: Even though the history, sociology, and information science departments could no doubt use a systematic examination of information policies from either the historiography or methodological frame- works, Information Policies and Strategies will likely only benefit academic libraries that support library science programs, where information professionals can use it as a catalyst for developing concrete studies of how information policies are developed.—Timothy Hensley, Virginia Holocaust Museum. Despite this omission, he begins with a brief survey of how information has contributed to, and even shaped, our society and uses this position as a backdrop of assumptions for the remainder of the book, attempting to demonstrate how each of the forthcoming areas he investigates influences the way in which we handle information policies.
    keywords: information
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        item: #4082 of 5668
          id: crl-16136
      author: Lum, Raymond
       title: Diane E. Peters. International Students and Academic Libraries: A Survey of Issues and Annotated Bibliography. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2010. 213p. alk. paper, $55 (ISBN 9780810874299). LC2009-048167.
        date: 2011-01-01
       words: 1827
      flesch: 41
     summary: Peters addresses the crux of her thesis, thus: “The educational, linguistic, and cultural barriers that have been long recognized in the literature on international students and libraries remain important considerations, but cur- rent literature also raises new questions about what international students expect from North American libraries, the library skills they bring with them from home countries, and ways in which librarians should respond.” Similarly, international visits and library exchanges are noted as means to enhance librarians’ knowledge of the aca- demic and social environments in which international students functioned before beginning their study abroad.
    keywords: information; librarians; students
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        item: #4083 of 5668
          id: crl-16140
      author: Branin, Joseph
       title: College & Research Libraries Goes Fully Open Access
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 765
      flesch: 50
     summary: Not all the findings were encouraging, and I urged our profession to better “walk the talk” of open access in our own scholarly practices. This is a real step forward in practice and in setting an example of the value of open access in scholarly com- munications.
    keywords: access
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        item: #4084 of 5668
          id: crl-16141
      author: Aharony, Noa
       title: Librarians’ Attitudes toward Knowledge Management
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 7969
      flesch: 51
     summary: In light of the above discussion on knowledge, knowledge management, and knowledge sharing, the following section will focus on personality characteristics (self-efficacy and self-esteem) and situa- tional characteristics (cognitive appraisal: threat versus challenge) that might affect librarians’ readiness to collaborate and share information with other librarians in an organization. Many researchers,2 however, have claimed that knowledge sharing is the most critical hurdle for knowledge management.
    keywords: attitudes; efficacy; knowledge; knowledge management; librarians; management; organization; self; sharing
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        item: #4085 of 5668
          id: crl-16142
      author: Emmons, Mark; Wilkinson, Frances C.
       title: The Academic Library Impact on Student Persistence
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 9850
      flesch: 54
     summary: More likely, there are factors on cam- pus that are collinear with the ratio of professional library staff to full-time students and, more important, we believe that the library has an indirect impact on student persistence. Specifically: What impact does the academic library have on student retention?
    keywords: academic; graduation; impact; libraries; library; retention; staff; student; variables
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-16142.pdf
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        item: #4086 of 5668
          id: crl-16143
      author: Schlosser, Melanie
       title: OSUL2013: Fostering Organizational Change through a Grassroots Planning Process
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 8710
      flesch: 53
     summary: The cringing these comments elicit in library staff is an implicit recognition that “although librar- ians may still be providing significant value to their constituency, the value of their brand is decreasing.”4 “As uncertainty about the future persists, library staff may tend to cling to the familiar, resisting new approaches to the way they work.
    keywords: change; culture; libraries; library; new; organizational; planning; process; staff; strategic
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-16143.pdf
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        item: #4087 of 5668
          id: crl-16144
      author: Zhang, Li
       title: Use of Web Resources in the Journal Literature 2001 and 2007: A Cross-Disciplinary Study
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 7184
      flesch: 43
     summary: Characteristics of Web Resources across Disciplines With the Web continuing to play an important role in research practices, analyzing the types of Web resources used in research articles can show the degree to which different types of Web publications impact academic literature. In the electronic environment, with the ever-growing number of Web information resources available in greater depth, a logical ques- tion follows: Do Web resources influence the citation behavior of scholars in dif- ferent fields?
    keywords: articles; information; journal; literature; research; resources; web; web resources
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        item: #4088 of 5668
          id: crl-16145
      author: Shrimplin, Aaron K.; Revelle, Andy; Hurst, Susan; Messner, Kevin
       title: Contradictions and Consensus — Clusters of Opinions on E-books
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 6529
      flesch: 67
     summary: In fact, to a portion of library users, the quality of the interface is as important as the content of e-book collections. ASLIB Proceedings Contradictions and Consensus—Clusters of Opinions on E-books  193 59, no. 6 (2007): 489–511; Primary Research Group, Survey of American College Students: Student Use of Library E-book Collections, New York: Primary Research Group (2009); ebrary, “Global Fac- ulty E-Book Survey,” available online at www.ebrary.com/corp/newspdf/ebrary_faculty_survey. pdf [accessed 13 May 2010]; ebrary, “2008 Global Student E-book Survey,” available online at www.ebrary.com/corp/collateral/en/Survey/ebrary_student_survey_2008.pdf
    keywords: books; factor; print
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        item: #4089 of 5668
          id: crl-16146
      author: Accardi, Maria T.
       title: Peter B. Hirtle, Emily Hudson, and Andrew T. Kenyon. Copyright & Cultural Institutions: Guidelines for Digitization for U.S. Libraries, Archives, & Museums. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Library, 2009. 259p. $39.95 (ISBN 9780935995107). LC2010-459022.
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 1243
      flesch: 54
     summary: As the preface points out, cultural institutions are deeply invested in and concerned about understanding, inter- preting, and complying with the complexities of copyright law; and, as such, the pur- pose of Hirtle, Hudson, and Kenyon’s work is to educate and assist American cultural institutions with copyright compliance. For example, chapter 1 (which addresses the key question “What is copyright?”) pro- vides a flowchart outlining copyright issues for digitization projects.
    keywords: beal; copyright
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        item: #4090 of 5668
          id: crl-16147
      author: Jackson, John M.
       title: Peter Beal. A Dictionary of English Manuscript Terminology, 1450 2000. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. 457p. acid-free paper, $49.95 (ISBN 9780199576128). LC2010-290182.
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 1306
      flesch: 49
     summary: In Section III.2, chapter 12 talks about using texting services and virtual tools like Google, Yahoo!, and MSN to enhance reference service at the National Library of Peter Beal’s A Dictionary of English Manu- script Terminology, originally published in hardcover in 2008, is the culmination of a lifetime of experience and expertise in manuscript studies.
    keywords: beal; reference
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        item: #4091 of 5668
          id: crl-16149
      author: Repplinger, John
       title: G.G. Chowdhury. Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval. 3rd ed. London: Facet, 2010. 508p. alk. paper, $90 (ISBN 9781555707156). LC2010-013746.
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 1272
      flesch: 55
     summary: Chapters nine through twenty-two focus on the main types of IR systems: search and retrieval, user-centered mod- els and interfaces, evaluation of IR Book Reviews 195 systems, and IR system types (systems for CD-ROM, multimedia, markup languages, Internet, natural language processing, citation analysis, and digital libraries). There is also no discussion of the economic value of IR systems like the decreasing cost of memory.
    keywords: book; chapters
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        item: #4092 of 5668
          id: crl-16150
      author: Selhorst, Anders
       title: Critical Library Instruction: Theories and Methods. Eds. Maria T. Accardi, Emily Drabinski, and Alana Kumbier. Duluth, Minn.: Library Juice Press, 2010. 341p. acid-free paper, $35 (ISBN 9781936117017). LC2009-039408.
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 1222
      flesch: 47
     summary: The relationship between critical pedagogy and library in- struction is more precisely designated as critical library instruction and described as “the ideas that background critical practice in the classroom—from Freire’s models of liberatory teaching to Kapitzke’s criticisms of standards models to Elmborg’s blending of literacy theory and library practice.” The issue of whether critical library instruction is even possible within the current culture of many colleges and universities is also addressed.
    keywords: critical; library
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        item: #4093 of 5668
          id: crl-16151
      author: Serrano, Amauri
       title: The Handbook of Art and Design Librarianship. Eds. Amanda Gluibizzi and Paul Glassman. London, U.K.: Facet Publishing, 2010. 330p. paper, $115 (ISBN: 9781856047029).
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 1270
      flesch: 47
     summary: Although much has been published about art librarianship, art libraries, and the information-seeking behavior of art students, that material is spread across journals, books, and digital literature. Further- more, except for Nancy Fawley’s chapter “Cultural Differences and Information Literacy Competencies,” which discusses the cultural differences of art students at an American design school in Qatar, the book addresses art library–related issues in the western world.
    keywords: art; librarianship
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        item: #4094 of 5668
          id: crl-16152
      author: Oakleaf, Megan
       title: Do the Right (Write) Thing: Engaging in Academic Library Value Research
        date: 2011-05-01
       words: 1350
      flesch: 48
     summary: If the service or resource is worth continuing, value research can help librarians make changes to increase library value beyond the status quo. The profession as a whole can benefit from successful and not-so-successful investigations of library value; both move the value conversation forward.
    keywords: librarians; value
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        item: #4095 of 5668
          id: crl-16153
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Errata
        date: 2011-05-01
       words: 183
      flesch: 55
     summary: Errata In the March 2011 article Contradictions and Consensus—Clusters of Opinions on E-books by Aaron K. Shrimplin, Andy Revelle, Susan Hurst, and Kevin Messner, table 3 was mistakenly left out of the print version. Keeling, Richard P., Andrew F. Wall, Ric Underhile, and Gwendolyn J. Dungy.
    keywords: valuable
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        item: #4096 of 5668
          id: crl-16156
      author: Connell, Tschera Harkness
       title: The Use of Institutional Repositories: The Ohio State University Experience
        date: 2011-05-01
       words: 10240
      flesch: 54
     summary: Background Description of OSU’s selection policy and Knowledge Bank content The Knowledge Bank is only one of sev- eral media that OSU uses to distribute its digital content. Abstract - Abstract + + Annual report - - Annual report + + + Article + + Article + + + 270  College & Research Libraries  May 2011 Book/book chapter - + Book/book chapter + + + Data NA NA Data NA NA
    keywords: + article; + presentation; + thesis; book; content; materials; use
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        item: #4097 of 5668
          id: crl-16157
      author: Passonneau, Sarah; Coffey, Dan
       title: The Role of Synchronous Virtual Reference in Teaching and Learning: A Grounded Theory Analysis of Instant Messaging Transcripts
        date: 2011-05-01
       words: 8433
      flesch: 51
     summary: Further research could examine synchronous virtual reference services at different types of colleges and universi- ties. Synchronous virtual reference, similar to other synchronous means of communication, is an important method for reaching students and for providing teaching and learning opportuni- ties.
    keywords: codes; learning; librarian; reference; service; synchronous; user; virtual; virtual reference
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        item: #4098 of 5668
          id: crl-16158
      author: Dickey, Timothy J.
       title: Andrew Pettegree. The Book in the Renaissance. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2010. 421p. $40.00 (ISBN 9780300110098). LC2009-026513.
        date: 2011-05-01
       words: 1239
      flesch: 59
     summary: Pettegree in his concluding “Note on Sources” notes that the foundations of book history in the writings of Lucien Febvre and Elizabeth Eisenstein had been rooted in the most prominent library col- lections, which naturally represent the printed works that have been most valued and received the greatest custodial care. The Book in the Renaissance is an out- come of long work by a team at the University of St. Andrews, synthesiz- ing the wide variety of Web-based data now available with a wealth of more traditional scholarship in book history; it is a herald of the information that will soon be available in the Universal Short Title Catalogue.
    keywords: book; history
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        item: #4099 of 5668
          id: crl-16159
      author: Greene, Harlan
       title: Envisioning Future Academic Library Services: Initiatives, Ideas and Challenges. Ed. Sue McKnight. London: Facet Publishing, 2010. 247p. (ISBN 9781856046916). LC2010-478131.
        date: 2011-05-01
       words: 1951
      flesch: 52
     summary: On May 4, 1515, Pope Leo X issued a pe- culiar and remarkable decree, the Super impressione librorum (On the printing of books). In it, the Pope acknowledges a deep-seated sociocultural anxiety about the new technology of printing, stating that, although the reading of books can be a profitable pursuit for those seeking knowledge and the invention of printing has helped spread truth and learning more widely and inexpensively than ever before, the very same technology that en- ables the dissemination of truth also facili- tates the transmission and perpetuation of pernicious error that corrupts rather than edifies the reader.
    keywords: book; history; libraries; library
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        item: #4100 of 5668
          id: crl-16160
      author: Johnson, Eric J.
       title: The History of the Book in the West: A Library of Critical Essays. Farnham, U.K. & Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2010. Vol. I: 400AD–1455, eds. Jane Roberts and Pamela Robertson, xxxii + 515p. $275.00 (ISBN 9780754627739); Vol. II: 1455–1700, ed. Ian Gadd, xlii + 526p. $275.00 (ISBN 9780754627715). LC2009-921962.
        date: 2011-05-01
       words: 2487
      flesch: 36
     summary: Moving forward into the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Volume II offers several compelling articles deal- ing with the production and selling of printed books, such as Natalie Zemon Davis’ fascinating account of the activi- ties and concerns of the Company of the Griffarins, a Lyonese trade union of journeymen compositors and pressmen; Clive Griffin’s revealing description of Book Reviews 301 the usefulness of Inquisitorial records as sources for insight into the itinerant lives of printers in sixteenth-century Spain; John L. Flood’s look at the rise and decline of the Frankfurt Fair and its impact on the commercial distribution of books across Europe during the Early Modern period; and Ian Maclean’s informative analysis of the market for scholarly books in northern Europe between 1570 and 1630. Although each of these respective periods encompasses a wide range of differences between, and developments in, the way books were manufactured, distributed, and con- sumed, both volumes prioritize the same basic themes: the physical production of books; their “look” and textual layout and how these factors affected their use; the cultural impact of books—whether manuscript or printed—as material objects; economic processes of textual dissemination; and, finally, processes and practices of book consumption.
    keywords: books; new; printing; production; volume
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        item: #4101 of 5668
          id: crl-16162
      author: Ring, Richard J.
       title: Don Etherington. Bookbinding & Conservation: A Sixty-Year Odyssey of Art and Craft. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press, 2010. 156p. $49.95 (ISBN 9781584562771). LC2010-007366.
        date: 2011-05-01
       words: 1300
      flesch: 60
     summary: In 1970, with ten years of teaching under his belt, as well as a lucrative side business performing book conservation for institutions and creating fine bindings, Etherington welcomed the challenge of his next opportunity: training officer in the newly established Restoration De- partment at the Library of Congress. For many who have graduated from a two-year college course with its short hours, long holidays, and usually fairly lax controls, this account of tight discipline and work of a repeti- tive nature, maintained over a seven-year term, will give pause for thought.
    keywords: book; etherington
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        item: #4102 of 5668
          id: crl-16163
      author: Taylor, Laurie
       title: Paul R. Burden. A Subject Guide to Quality Web Sites. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2010. 767p. alk. paper, $100 (ISBN 9780810876941). LC 2010-007488.
        date: 2011-05-01
       words: 1202
      flesch: 59
     summary: Some annotations are multiple paragraphs and additional paragraphs are indented, but the first paragraph of the annotation is not. In 1970, with ten years of teaching under his belt, as well as a lucrative side business performing book conservation for institutions and creating fine bindings, Etherington welcomed the challenge of his next opportunity: training officer in the newly established Restoration De- partment at the Library of Congress.
    keywords: book; quality
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        item: #4103 of 5668
          id: crl-16165
      author: Herrera, Gail
       title: Google Scholar Users and User Behaviors: An Exploratory Study
        date: 2011-07-01
       words: 8333
      flesch: 59
     summary: It looks at the adoption of GS at a user level rather than an institutional or library level and explores several questions: • Which disciplines are using GS? • Are there statistically significant differences between GS users and nonusers? Are GS users using other library resources?
    keywords: google; library; percent; scholar; sciences; users; web
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        item: #4104 of 5668
          id: crl-16166
      author: Cooke, Rachel; Rosenthal, Danielle
       title: Students Use More Books after Library Instruction: An Analysis of Undergraduate Paper Citations
        date: 2011-07-01
       words: 6149
      flesch: 58
     summary: Students Use More Books after Library Instruction 341 for nearly half of their citations, while FGCU students used them for only a third of their citations.9 This interdisciplinary course comparison revealed that the number of citations per paper generally increased with class level, the percentage of scholarly citations gen- erally increased with class level, and there was a high preference for books from all disciplines, especially history.
    keywords: citations; instruction; level; library; students
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        item: #4105 of 5668
          id: crl-16167
      author: Metz, Paul
       title: Revisiting the Landscape of Literatures: Replication and Change in the Use of Subject Collections
        date: 2011-07-01
       words: 8835
      flesch: 42
     summary: Even after this moderate convergence toward Table 3 Supportiveness analysis–Faculty Data for literatures Selected as Having Very High or Very low Scores in 1982 Group Discipline Call Numbers Natural Constituency Outside Prop., 1982 Outside Prop., 2010 Books Charged in Subject, 2010 High '82 History C-F History Department 0.84 0.68 767 High '82 Music M Music Department 0.80 0.77 60 High '82 Psychology BF Psychology Department 0.96 0.82 143 High '82 Sociology HM–HX Sociology Department 0.81 0.88 509 Low '82 Anatomy/ Physiology QM–QP Ag & Life Sci, Vet Med, Biology 0.29 0.51 71 Low '82 Architecture NA College of Arch & Urban Studies 0.22 0.07 153 Low '82 Botany QK Ag & Life Sci, Biology Dept 0.11 0.32 31 Low '82 Civil Engineering TA–TC, TE–TG Engineering exc CompSci 0.24 0.29 223 Low '82 Veterinary Med SF600- SF1100 College of Vet Med 0.29 0.00 22 Note: Proportions are % users from outside natural constituency Revisiting the Landscape of Literatures 351 the middle, the four literatures that were most supportive in 1982 still hold that rank, and the literatures least supportive in 1982 still have relatively few borrowers from outside. % Books Charged, 1982 % Books Charged, 2010 Faculty 11.5 11.6 14,640 7,199 25.0% 22.1% Graduate Students 8.7 7.9 21,233 16,354 36.3% 50.2% Undergraduates 3.6 3.2 19,292 6,215 33.0% 19.1% Staff 4.0 4.4 948 905 1.6% 2.8% Other 3.0 4.9 2,435 1,900 4.2% 5.8% 58,548 32,573 100.0% 100.0% Notes: (1) Books charged, 1982 a very close approximation based on multiplying values reported in The Landscape of Literatures, Table 4, p. 12.
    keywords: books; data; faculty; graduate; landscape; library; literatures; subject; use
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        item: #4106 of 5668
          id: crl-16168
      author: Wong, Shun Han Rebekah; Webb, T.D.
       title: Uncovering Meaningful Correlation between Student Academic Performance and Library Material Usage
        date: 2011-07-01
       words: 4562
      flesch: 50
     summary: 8 He further stressed that “we need to know how students’ use of libraries affect their academic performance.”9 Although the literature shows the importance of measuring the relation- ship between student library usage and their academic performance, only few studies have actually been undertaken. As early as 1924, the American Library Association prepared a practical guideline and tool for libraries to evalu- ate their maintenance, administration, and service.1 In 1950, the Library As- sociation (UK) thoroughly assessed the United Kingdom’s public library service.2 Institutions or individuals writing about academic library assessment only became more common later.
    keywords: academic; correlation; library; sample; ugs
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        item: #4107 of 5668
          id: crl-16169
      author: Walters, William H.; Linvill, Anne C.
       title: Characteristics of Open Access Journals in Six Subject Areas
        date: 2011-07-01
       words: 9647
      flesch: 53
     summary: There is great variation in the size of OA journals; the largest publishes more than 2,700 articles per year, but half publish 25 or fewer. While just 29 percent of OA journals charge publication fees, those journals represent 50 percent of the articles in our study.
    keywords: access; articles; fees; journals; open; percent; year
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        item: #4108 of 5668
          id: crl-16171
      author: DeGeorge, Deborah
       title: June Abbas. Structures for Organizing Knowledge: Exploring Taxonomies, Ontologies, and Other Schemas. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2010. xxi, 248p. alk. paper, $85.00 (ISBN 9781555706999). LC2010-024861.
        date: 2011-07-01
       words: 1735
      flesch: 34
     summary: Chapter 7 examines the possibility of connecting traditional knowledge organization, personal knowledge organization, and socially created knowledge organization to create structures for organizing knowl- edge that “reflect the actual information practices and engagement needs of us- ers,” with chapter 8 discussing possible scenarios for achieving this in the library world, ranging from a merged structure blending traditional bibliographic records with socially constructed fields added to creating an entirely new structure for bibliographic records. As the library grows to include more digital resources and users begin to create their own metadata, librarians must expand their concepts of knowledge organization beyond traditional means of description and classification.
    keywords: knowledge; organization; structures
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        item: #4109 of 5668
          id: crl-16172
      author: Hyde, Gene
       title: Controlling the Past: Documenting Society and Institutions: Essays in Honor of Helen Willa Samuels. Ed. Terry Cook. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2011. 434p. $56 (ISBN 9781931666369).
        date: 2011-07-01
       words: 601
      flesch: 49
     summary: Helen Willa Samuels grappled with these questions and sought to answer them in a body of work that helped define the role of archivist as much more than merely a collector of the past. Controlling the Past: Documenting Soci- ety and Institutions: Essays in Honor of Helen Willa Samuels.
    keywords: samuels
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        item: #4110 of 5668
          id: crl-16173
      author: Shelton, Mark E.
       title: The Expert Library: Staffing, Sustaining, and Advancing the Academic Library in the 21st Century .Eds. Scott Walter and Karen Williams. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2010. 390p. alk. paper, $48 (ISBN 9780838985519). LC2010-033332.
        date: 2011-07-01
       words: 1243
      flesch: 50
     summary: All of the es- say authors, and the editors, are closely associated with academic libraries, with many serving in senior leadership roles in their respective libraries. Those in academic libraries will find the book well worth their time.—Mark E. Shelton, Harvard University.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #4111 of 5668
          id: crl-16174
      author: Taylor, Laurie
       title: Abby Clobridge. Building a Digital Repository Program with Limited Resources. Oxford, U.K.: Chandos Publishing, 2010. 272p. $100 (ISBN 9781843345961).
        date: 2011-07-01
       words: 1180
      flesch: 40
     summary: Like other advice throughout the book, the importance of wide access is directly related to fiscal responsibility and to sustainability, because closed access means that materials are less useful for students, researchers, and publicity and so lower access levels can undermine the return on investment and overall value of digital repository work. In the Preface, Clobridge explains that her goal in writing the book was to have it serve both as an introduc- tory text for those new and starting out in digital repositories and for it to be useful for repository practitioners as well as those outside of but related to reposi- tory programs, including library and IT directors.
    keywords: digital; repository
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        item: #4112 of 5668
          id: crl-16175
      author: York, Maurice C.
       title: Simon Cooke. Illustrated Periodicals of the 1860s: Contexts & Collaborations. Middlesex, England: Private Libraries Association; New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press; London: British Library, 2010. 228p. alk. paper, $75 (ISBN 9781584562757). LC 200947859.
        date: 2011-07-01
       words: 827
      flesch: 49
     summary: Whereas such artists as George Cruikshank had employed art as social satire in creating prints or illustrating books, the artists of the Sixties worked in a more academic style to produce realistic drawings that were “both escapist and satirical, highly moral and overwhelmed with a sense of archaic dreaminess.” Such artists as George du Maurier, John Everett Millais, Frederick Sandys, and Frederick Walker worked directly with George Murray Smith, publisher of The Cornhill Magazine, and with John Cassell (The Quiver) and James Hogg (London Society).
    keywords: artists; book
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        item: #4113 of 5668
          id: crl-16176
      author: Gritten, Tim
       title: C&RL Readership Survey
        date: 2011-09-01
       words: 1141
      flesch: 63
     summary: Thirty-two members wanted broader or otherwise different articles; they sug- gested more articles on technical services and fewer on instruction. And what about back issues of the journal, from C&RL Readership Survey 1939 to 1997, which are still only available in print copy?
    keywords: c&rl; journal
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        item: #4114 of 5668
          id: crl-16177
      author: Tosaka, Yuji; Weng, Cathy
       title: Reexamining Content-Enriched Access: Its Effect on Usage and Discovery
        date: 2011-09-01
       words: 7859
      flesch: 53
     summary: This finding leads us to believe that enriched content data were not effectively and sufficiently used in searches. The find- ings show that enhanced records were overall associated with higher circulation rates and that keyword search was the most frequently used search option directly associated with circulation.
    keywords: circulation; content; data; enhanced; records; search; study
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        item: #4115 of 5668
          id: crl-16178
      author: Jackson, Heather Lea; Hahn, Trudi Bellardo
       title: Serving Higher Education’s Highest Goals: Assessment of the Academic Library as Place
        date: 2011-09-01
       words: 7818
      flesch: 49
     summary: Assessing Academic Libraries The question of how best to measure efficacy of academic libraries has been debated for many years during which most assessment and evaluation studies have focused on modifying corporate or business models. For example, Continu- ous Quality Improvement, Total Quality Management, Balanced Scorecard, and customer service assessment models are all management and evaluation tools that have had a significant impact on measures of academic library efficacy.4 In corporate settings, evaluating performance by estab- lishing these measures of success seems a reasonable approach.
    keywords: academic; image; libraries; library; place; traditional; university; use
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        item: #4116 of 5668
          id: crl-16179
      author: Mercer, Holly
       title: Almost Halfway There: An Analysis of the Open Access Behaviors of Academic Librarians
        date: 2011-09-01
       words: 5798
      flesch: 40
     summary: Just over 40 percent (1,574) of articles in the dataset had some version (preprint, author final draft, or published version) available open access by any method—open access journal, on the publisher or journal Web site, in an institutional or subject repository, or on a personal or other Web site. Authors may misperceive the benefits and risks of open access, whether accomplished through publication in open access journals or deposit in institutional or subject re- positories.
    keywords: academic; access; articles; librarians; library; open
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        item: #4117 of 5668
          id: crl-16181
      author: Wong, Shun Han Rebekah; Cmor, Dianne
       title: Measuring Association between Library Instruction and Graduation GPA
        date: 2011-09-01
       words: 5046
      flesch: 46
     summary: © Shun Han Rebekah Wong and Dianne Cmor Academic libraries devote considerable human resources in delivering library instruction programs. Student attendance at library workshops had been systemati- cally recorded for several years, allowing for this type of analysis.
    keywords: association; gpa; instruction; library; sample; ugs
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        item: #4118 of 5668
          id: crl-16182
      author: Gilbert, Julie; Fister, Barbara
       title: Reading, Risk, and Reality: College Students and Reading for Pleasure
        date: 2011-09-01
       words: 11686
      flesch: 55
     summary: We include magazines, newspapers, and the Internet as sources of recreational reading, in addition to books. A more recent study21 of 539 students who completed time-diary surveys found that “using the Internet” was more popular with students than recreational reading, but that Inter- net use did not appear to displace reading as an activity.
    keywords: academic; book; college; libraries; library; pleasure; reading; recreational; students; time
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        item: #4119 of 5668
          id: crl-16183
      author: Cyzyk, Mark
       title: Bill Cope, Mary Kalantzis, and Liam Magee. Towards a Semantic Web: Connecting Knowledge in Academic Research. Oxford, U.K.: Chandos Publishing, 2011. 525p. paperback, $110.00. (ISBN: 9781843346012). $110.00.
        date: 2011-09-01
       words: 1857
      flesch: 51
     summary: Books are being written; books are being printed; books must be collected. Witness the healthy 34 percent increase in print book titles published 2002–2009, compiled by Bowker: www.bowker- info.com/bowker/IndustryStats2010.pdf.
    keywords: book; meaning; stoppard
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        item: #4120 of 5668
          id: crl-16184
      author: Hackman, Timothy
       title: William Baker and Gerald N. Wachs. Tom Stoppard: A Bibliographical History. London and New Castle, Del.: The British Library and Oak Knoll Press, 2010. xlviii, 446p. & 1 CD-ROM. alk. paper, $79.95 (ISBN 9780712349666 / 9781584562856). LC-2010-052520.
        date: 2011-09-01
       words: 1939
      flesch: 51
     summary: Advertised as the first practical appraisal of e-books for library and information pro- fessionals, E-books in Libraries: A Practical Guide provides vital background informa- tion about e-books and examines a wide range of e-book–related practical issues in different library settings from business and pricing models, vendor selection, collec- tion development, staffing and workflow changes to budgeting and finance, access management, promotion and engage- ment of readers, IT support, and OPAC display. All pieces included in this col- lective work are contributed by librarian- scholars or librarian-practitioners who have been engaging in the frontline work of e-book management from diverse library settings.
    keywords: book; stoppard
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        item: #4121 of 5668
          id: crl-16185
      author: Han, Ning
       title: E-books in Libraries: A Practical Guide. Eds. Kate Price and Virginia Havergal. London: Facet Publishing, 2011. 327p. paperback, £49.95 (ISBN 9781856045728). LC2010-671269.
        date: 2011-09-01
       words: 1288
      flesch: 56
     summary: However, the book fails to touch on a highly controversial but vitally important issue: circulating e-book readers in librar- ies. All pieces included in this col- lective work are contributed by librarian- scholars or librarian-practitioners who have been engaging in the frontline work of e-book management from diverse library settings.
    keywords: books
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        item: #4122 of 5668
          id: crl-16188
      author: Selhorst, Anders
       title: S. David Mash. Decision-Making in the Absence of Certainty: A Study in the Context of Technology and the Construction of the 21st Century Academic Library. Chicago: ACRL (ACRL Publications in Librarianship, no. 63), 2010. 160p. alk. paper, $38 (ISBN 9780838985717). LC2010-049544.
        date: 2011-09-01
       words: 1165
      flesch: 42
     summary: Digital Collections Worldwide is designed to help the user identify which digital collections are best for their needs. For example, the directory only includes digital collections from the following established organiza- tions: governmental body, library, ar- chives, educational institution, museum, corporation, or a scholar’s personal Web site.
    keywords: decision; making
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        item: #4123 of 5668
          id: crl-16189
      author: Branin, Joseph
       title: Trend Spotting
        date: 2011-11-01
       words: 1132
      flesch: 53
     summary: Recent trend reports pay more atten- tion, as they must, to new patterns of information discovery and use brought by digital technology. On my list of major trends, I would include managing during times of economic constraint, offering digital repositories and preser- vation services, designing new kinds of library facilities and print storage, reform- ing scholarly publishing, progressing from collection to knowledge manage- ment, developing library leaders, and rethinking information literacy education.
    keywords: library; trends
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        item: #4124 of 5668
          id: crl-16190
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Errata
        date: 2011-11-01
       words: 73
      flesch: 63
     summary: Gail R. Gilbert, Keeping the Bar High: The Reinstatement of Tenure for Librarians at the University of Louisville, Kentucky Libraries 71, no. 2, 1961: 17-19. Gilbert's article was published in the Spring 2007 issue of Kentucky Libraries, not 1961.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #4125 of 5668
          id: crl-16191
      author: Robbins, Sarah; Engel, Debra; Kulp, Christina
       title: How Unique Are Our Users? Comparing Responses Regarding the Information-Seeking Habits of Engineering Faculty
        date: 2011-11-01
       words: 8127
      flesch: 44
     summary: Several authors have commented on the apparent disconnection between research findings and practice. There is also much discussion about survey research in LIS.
    keywords: faculty; important; information; institution; library; research; study
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        item: #4126 of 5668
          id: crl-16192
      author: Johnson, Corey M.; Anelli, Carol M.; Galbraith, Betty J.; Green, Kimberly A.
       title: Information Literacy Instruction and Assessment in an Honors College Science Fundamentals Course
        date: 2011-11-01
       words: 7658
      flesch: 51
     summary: It is clear that university stake- holders are increasingly deemphasizing traditional library quality measures (such as volume counts or number of books checked out) and instead want to know what students are able to do as a result of their interaction with library services and resources.3 While this mindset bodes well for robust librarian involvement in student information literacy skill building, there are still barriers to full participation. In this course, frequent assessment of student skills revealed gaps, mispercep- tions, and bottlenecks that limited success in target information literacy outcomes.
    keywords: assessment; information; instruction; librarians; library; literacy; research; semester; students
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        item: #4127 of 5668
          id: crl-16194
      author: Davis, Jinnie Y.; Adams, Mignon; Hardesty, Larry
       title: Academic Libraries in For-Profit Schools of Higher Education
        date: 2011-11-01
       words: 9360
      flesch: 49
     summary: Even the collection of basic comparative data among career school libraries would be a useful addition to the literature. It was not surprising that career school students generally showed little interest in using the library.
    keywords: career; colleges; education; higher; institutions; libraries; library; profit; proprietary; schools; students
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        item: #4128 of 5668
          id: crl-16195
      author: Pegrum, Mark; Kiel, Ralph
       title: “Changing the Way We Talk”: Developing Librarians’ Competence in Emerging Technologies through a Structured Program
        date: 2011-11-01
       words: 8251
      flesch: 47
     summary: The relative success of these resources often depended on their tight integration with either academic programs or library initiatives, suggesting the need for more collaborative dialogue around the use of new technologies and confirming the value of involving library management in suggesting course projects and viewing course results. Resources that lacked clear institutional support were “Changing the Way We Talk” 593 software purchased by both the UWA and Murdoch Libraries in September 2008 and used as a base platform by a number of course participants to create resources on subjects as diverse as Finding Legislation and Secondary Sources in 2009 or Case Law and EndNote in 2010.
    keywords: course; kirkpatrick; learning; librarians; library; new; participants; technologies; web; wiki
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        item: #4129 of 5668
          id: crl-16197
      author: Dousa, Thomas M.
       title: R. David Lankes. The Atlas of New Librarianship. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press; Chicago: Association of College & Research Libraries, 2011. 408p. alk. paper. $55 (ISBN 9780262015097). LCCN: 2010-022788.
        date: 2011-11-01
       words: 2557
      flesch: 46
     summary: The model of new librarianship presented in the Atlas is intended to foster these changes: indeed, it offers nothing less than a blueprint for redefining the conceptual foundations of librarianship in order to renew it. The aims of new librarianship are encapsulated in the statement that “the mission of librarians is to improve society through facilitating knowledge creation in their communities.”
    keywords: knowledge; lankes; librarianship; new
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        item: #4130 of 5668
          id: crl-16198
      author: Michalski, David
       title: Transforming Research Libraries for the Global Knowledge Society. Ed. Barbara I. Dewey. Oxford, United Kingdom: Chandos, 2010. 208p. $75 (ISBN 9781843345947).
        date: 2011-11-01
       words: 2514
      flesch: 48
     summary: Graham Jetcoate provides some thoughtful speculation on how research libraries will figure in the future academy, but even his affirmative vision does not seem to rise above the timid. Instead, the real- life stories and struggles here show the 606 College & Research Libraries November 2011 research library engaged in the effort to become more productively involved in the entire life cycle of knowledge: its creation, critique, and dissemination.
    keywords: libraries; library; university
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        item: #4131 of 5668
          id: crl-16199
      author: Mitchell, Nicole
       title: Ksenija Mincic-Obradovic. E-books in Academic Libraries. Oxford, United Kingdom: Chandos, 2011. 203p. $80 (ISBN 9781843345862).
        date: 2011-11-01
       words: 1298
      flesch: 60
     summary: Mincic-Obradovic provides a checklist of questions to ask when considering e-book purchases; and, in the cataloging section, she discusses the need for catalog records for e-books and talks about the pros and cons of single, separate, and provide-neutral records. For instance, there are a number of e-book publishers and a variety of publishing practices among commercial providers.
    keywords: books
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        item: #4132 of 5668
          id: crl-16201
      author: Selhorst, Anders
       title: Christopher Stewart. The Academic Library Building in the Digital Age: A Study of Construction, Planning, and Design of New Library Space. Chicago: ACRL, 2010. 116p. $44, alk. paper (ISBN 9780838985526). LC2010-024659.
        date: 2011-11-01
       words: 1371
      flesch: 47
     summary: Even in an age where more and more library-subscribed digital content is ubiquitously available via any Internet- connected device, The Academic Library Building in the Digital Age demonstrates that colleges and universities continue to build new academic libraries and highlights some of the reasons why. In chapter 9, the author focuses on reported usage data within the new library spaces; his findings demonstrate that, while social areas like cafés, art gal- leries, and meeting space are important for new libraries, the busiest areas are group study and quiet study spaces.
    keywords: library; new; space
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        item: #4133 of 5668
          id: crl-16204
      author: Bottorff, Tim; Todd, Andrew
       title: Making Online Instruction Count: Statistical Reporting of Web-Based Library Instruction Activities
        date: 2012-01-01
       words: 7045
      flesch: 34
     summary: Literature Review While online LI activities are increasingly becoming key components of many aca- demic libraries’ overall instruction plans, comparatively little has been written about the accounting or reporting of such activities. Most researchers have concluded that method of delivery (F2F vs. online vs. mixed) appears not to greatly impact the effectiveness of or satisfaction with LI, indicating that properly planned and executed online LI activities can be suit- able adjuncts or substitutes for F2F LI.14 Research in all of the above areas is vital to the continued success of academic libraries, especially in a higher education environment where accountability and assessment are increasingly important.15 There can be no doubt that academic librarians need to continue to explore issues of user satisfaction, the measure- ment and benchmarking of information literacy skills, and the effectiveness and perception of various forms of LI.
    keywords: activities; instruction; libraries; library; online; reporting; research; statistics
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        item: #4134 of 5668
          id: crl-16205
      author: Kayongo, Jessica; Helm, Clarence
       title: Relevance of Library Collections for Graduate Student Research: A Citation Analysis Study of Doctoral Dissertations at Notre Dame
        date: 2012-01-01
       words: 10056
      flesch: 59
     summary: A previous study of graduate students at Notre Dame found that students identified materials relevant to their research by searching a database or reading an article or book and that, if the library did not own an item, 64 per- TABLe 10 Hesburgh Libraries’ Ownership of Cited items by Disciplinary group* group Citations Owned % Owned % Top 1,000 Cited items Owned ** Arts and Humanities 10,818 7,297 63 90 Engineering 7,032 4,395 67 83 Science 5,369 4,093 76 92 Social Sciences 5,185 3,378 65 75 Overall 27,652 18,461 67 93 * % 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 2, 02 5 A ve ra ge fo r Sc ie nc e* 78 %
    keywords: analysis; citation; dissertations; graduate; journal; library; science; students
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        item: #4135 of 5668
          id: crl-16206
      author: Gaffney, Megan
       title: Interlibrary Loan Requests for Locally Available Materials: WorldCat Local’s Impact
        date: 2012-01-01
       words: 5622
      flesch: 49
     summary: Examining data on ILL requests for locally owned titles is an invaluable way to evaluate how well researchers are finding materials in their own library and how well library interfaces are assisting them in locating what they need. One way to assess the usability and effec- tiveness of WorldCat Local is to examine ILL requests placed by users for locally available materials when searching WCL, as ILL cancellations for local materials are often viewed as indicators of researchers’ ability to navigate resources and services at their own libraries.
    keywords: ill; library; local; requests; worldcat
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        item: #4136 of 5668
          id: crl-16207
      author: Shank, John D.; Dewald, Nancy H.
       title: Academic Library Administrators’ Perceptions of Four Instructional Skills
        date: 2012-01-01
       words: 7330
      flesch: 37
     summary: This is somewhat surprising given the fact that instructional design skills are based on the foundations of cognitive learning theories and instructional strategies. Instructional design skills: Educational technology skills: Presentation skills: Teaching skills: 92 College & Research Libraries January 2012 Notes 1.
    keywords: ability; administrators; design; instructional; library; skills; technology
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        item: #4137 of 5668
          id: crl-16208
      author: DeGeorge, Deborah
       title: Steven J. Miller. Metadata for Digital Collections. New York: Neal Schuman Publishers, 2011. 343p. alk. paper, $80.00 (ISBN 9781555707460). LC 2011-012594.
        date: 2012-01-01
       words: 1202
      flesch: 50
     summary: Chapters 7 and 8 return to overviews on specific metadata schema: chapter 7 focuses on the construction and use of MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema); chapter 8 on VRA (Visual Re- sources Association) Core. Chapter Book Reviews 95 6 provides a brief, simple explanation of XML-encoded metadata and the “build- ing blocks” thereof as an introduction to learning to read XML-encoded metadata records in a number of metadata schema.
    keywords: chapter; metadata
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        item: #4138 of 5668
          id: crl-16209
      author: Gregor, Margaret N.
       title: Embedded Librarians: Moving Beyond One-Shot Instruction. Eds. Cassandra Kvenild and Kaijsa Calkins. Chicago: American Library Association, 2011. 235p. alk. paper, $48.00 (ISBN 9780838985878). LC2011-014802.
        date: 2012-01-01
       words: 1827
      flesch: 46
     summary: They stress the intensity of embedded instruction and the necessity of being available to students over long periods of time. Embedded librarians also offer convenient, user-friendly services outside library settings; create a presence in places where students and faculty con- duct their research and coursework; and have a deep, working knowledge of the discipline in which they are embedded.
    keywords: chapter; instruction; metadata
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        item: #4139 of 5668
          id: crl-16210
      author: Lemmer, Catherine A.
       title: Wyoma vanDuinkerken and Pixey Anne Mosley. The Challenge of Library Management: Leading with Emotional Engagement. Chicago: American Library Association, 2011. 169p. alk. paper, $52.00 (ISBN 9780838911020). LC2011-011349.
        date: 2012-01-01
       words: 1854
      flesch: 51
     summary: The main theme of the work is that change initiatives in libraries often fall short or simply fail in reaching a stated objective because management fails to 98 College & Research Libraries January 2012 account for the human factor. The work opens with the premise that the greatest challenge facing libraries is the recognition that, without change, our past strengths will become our liabilities.
    keywords: change; chapter; library
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        item: #4140 of 5668
          id: crl-16211
      author: Nolan, Nicole
       title: John J. Huber. Lean Library Management: Eleven Strategies for Reducing Costs and Improving Customer Services. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc., 2011. 197p. alk. paper, $75.00 (ISBN 9781555707323). LC2010-050755.
        date: 2012-01-01
       words: 1939
      flesch: 61
     summary: In Lean Library Management, Huber explains that Lean is a different way to think about organizing library processes. Huber makes a strong case that, if library leaders were to ap- ply Lean strategies as recommended, customer service could indeed improve while reducing costs.
    keywords: huber; lean; library
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        item: #4141 of 5668
          id: crl-16214
      author: Branin, Joseph
       title: Library Leadership
        date: 2012-03-01
       words: 791
      flesch: 45
     summary: While basic definitions and attributes of library leadership may be timeless, in practice, leadership is certainly temporal. What aspects of leadership are we talking about: defining leadership, evaluating leadership styles, developing future leaders, planning leadership suc- cession?
    keywords: leadership
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        item: #4142 of 5668
          id: crl-16215
      author: Leeder, Chris; Markey, Karen; Yakel, Elizabeth
       title: A Faceted Taxonomy for Rating Student Bibliographies in an Online Information Literacy Game
        date: 2012-03-01
       words: 9568
      flesch: 47
     summary: Another common use of citation analy- sis by librarians is as a measurement tool of library ownership of materials11 and for collection development.12 In this model, student citations are counted and used as a measurement of which journals and other library materials are most and least used by students, and the results are used to guide purchase or discontinuation of materials. This study measured the quality of student bibliographies through creation of a faceted taxonomy flexible and fine-grained enough to encompass the variety of online sources cited by today’s students.
    keywords: bibliographies; citation; information; nonplayers; players; research; sources; student; taxonomy
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        item: #4143 of 5668
          id: crl-16216
      author: Xia, Jingfeng
       title: Positioning Open Access Journals in a LIS Journal Ranking
        date: 2012-03-01
       words: 6667
      flesch: 42
     summary: It is found that OA journals have gained momentum supporting high-quality research and publication, and some OA journals have been ranked as high as the best traditional print journals. The relative exclusion of OA journals creates two deficiencies for scholarly communication.
    keywords: access; index; information; journals; library; non
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        item: #4144 of 5668
          id: crl-16217
      author: Schrader, Alvin M.; Shiri, Ali; Williamson, Vicki
       title: Assessment of the Research Learning Needs of University of Saskatchewan Librarians: A Case Study
        date: 2012-03-01
       words: 8486
      flesch: 31
     summary: In order to be ef- fective in creating an environment of research excellence, we need to know that our research is supported by the institution in which we work, that its excellence is recognized to arise from our commitment to excel- lence.—Regna Darnell (2009)1 The practice of academic research and research leadership involves the many interconnected challenges of foundational competence, tacit knowledge gained through the experience of academic research apprenticeship, continuous learning about critical bodies of research literature, broad collegiality and net- working for research awareness and peer dialogue, beneficial research productiv- ity, and, with rare exceptions, extensive institutional investment. In passing, it might be noted that the 2010–2012 stra- tegic plan of the Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL), the lead- ership organization for the Canadian research library community, calls on the Association to “work to develop research skills in research libraries and to promote evidence-based librarianship”; and, more recently, CARL published a new model “Core Competencies for 21st Century CARL Librarians,” which addresses re- search and professional contributions as a key component of practitioner expertise.3 Vicki Williamson (2010) undertook an informal questionnaire survey of academ- ic librarians’ faculty status and publishing requirements within the 29 members of CARL.4
    keywords: academic; faculty; knowledge; librarians; library; research; saskatchewan; scholarly; survey; university
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        item: #4145 of 5668
          id: crl-16220
      author: Accardi, Maria T.
       title: Claire McGuinness. Becoming Confident Teachers: A Guide for Academic Librarians. Oxford, United Kingdom: Chandos Publishing, 2011. 227p. $80.00 (ISBN 9781843346296). Distributed in the United States by Neal-Schuman Publishers.
        date: 2012-03-01
       words: 593
      flesch: 53
     summary: In fact, the chapter in which these discussions appear, “Pre- paring teaching librarians for practice: Focusing on the basics,” provides such a thorough, yet concise, overview of what a teaching librarian should know, that this chapter should be required reading in LIS courses on information literacy and library instruction. Any- one looking for readable and accessible work on the roles of teaching librarians, the basics of information literacy instruc- tion, and building confidence in your identity as a teacher will find this to be an invaluable volume.
    keywords: teaching
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        item: #4146 of 5668
          id: crl-16221
      author: Bolstad, Judy P.
       title: Eric J. Forte, Cassandra J. Hartnett, and Andrea L. Sevetson. Fundamentals of Government Information: Mining, Finding, Evaluating, and Using Government Resources. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc., 2011. 396p. $80 (ISBN 9781555707378). LC 2011-009275.
        date: 2012-03-01
       words: 624
      flesch: 54
     summary: Readers will find that this is an expertly compiled guide on how to find and use various resources to search for government information. Part 1 includes chapters 1 to 6 and covers such topics as the history of government information, reference interview and research strate- gies, electronic and print tools, legislative publications, guides and indexes, legal resources, and presidential documents.
    keywords: information
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        item: #4147 of 5668
          id: crl-16222
      author: Krafft, Scott
       title: George W. Crandell. Arthur Miller: A Descriptive Bibliography. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press, 2011. 244p. alk. paper + 1 CD-ROM. $195.00 (ISBN 9781584562887). LC 2011-024543.
        date: 2012-03-01
       words: 1917
      flesch: 53
     summary: The nine main sections of the bibli- ography consist of the following parts: “Separate Publications” (books wholly or substantially by Miller including English and American first editions, arranged chronologically); a section of grayscale photographs of the dust jackets, covers, and title pages of the separate publica- tions described in the previous section; “Collected Editions” (collections of plays gathered from earlier volumes, arranged chronologically); “First-Appearance Contributions to Books, Pamphlets, and Occasional Publications” (titles in which Miller writings appear for the first time in works written or edited by others, or in such occasional works such as theater playbills, arranged chronologically); “First Appearances in Magazines and Newspapers” (Miller writings that first appeared in these formats including es- says, reviews, letters, interviews, and po- ems, arranged chronologically); “Transla- tions” (translations of Miller’s plays and prose, arranged by language and, within each language, arranged alphabetically by title); “Publications in Braille” (ar- ranged alphabetically by title; titles subar- ranged by date); “Music” (titles by Miller set to music, arranged alphabetically); and, finally, “Blurbs” (blurbs written by Miller arranged chronologically). For a collector of Miller’s printed works, either private or institutional, Crandell’s book is a wise and useful guide.
    keywords: book; information; miller
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        item: #4148 of 5668
          id: crl-16223
      author: Repplinger, John
       title: A Different Kind of Web: New Connections between Archives and Our Users. Ed. Kate Theimer. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2011. 369p. alk. paper, $69.95 (ISBN 1931666393). LC 2011-027013.
        date: 2012-03-01
       words: 1310
      flesch: 59
     summary: Dr. Rosenbach and Mr. Lilly: Book Collecting in a Golden Age. Originally published in a limited edition in 2010, Dr. Rosenbach and Mr. Lilly reappears here in a fresh and more accessible Oak Knoll edition.
    keywords: book; miller; web
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        item: #4149 of 5668
          id: crl-16224
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Joel Silver. Dr. Rosenbach and Mr. Lilly: Book Collecting in a Golden Age. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll, 2011. 144p. $49.95 (ISBN 9781584562955). LC 2011-030561.
        date: 2012-03-01
       words: 1971
      flesch: 62
     summary: Conducting legal research can be daunt- ing for those who have not received extensive training on the American legal systems and related research materials. The sources used in legal research are often significantly different from those for other disciplines; at the same time, the legal process itself can be difficult for the uninitiated to follow, further compli- cating the research process.
    keywords: book; legal; lilly
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        item: #4150 of 5668
          id: crl-16225
      author: Spina, Carli
       title: Bryan M. Carson. Finding the Law: Legal Research for Librarians and Paralegals. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2011. 281p. alk. paper, $65 (ISBN 0810881055). LC 2011-009655.
        date: 2012-03-01
       words: 1015
      flesch: 45
     summary: Conducting legal research can be daunt- ing for those who have not received extensive training on the American legal systems and related research materials. The sources used in legal research are often significantly different from those for other disciplines; at the same time, the legal process itself can be difficult for the uninitiated to follow, further compli- cating the research process.
    keywords: legal; research
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        item: #4151 of 5668
          id: crl-16226
      author: Branin, Joseph
       title: Editor’s Note
        date: 2012-05-01
       words: 1852
      flesch: 48
     summary: What, in addition to our traditional essay reviews, research articles, and book re- views, might we provide as part of College & Research Libraries that would encourage you to continue to use the resources we provide? Our current site provides access to pre-prints of articles accepted for pub- lication, as well as automated notification when new content is added.
    keywords: journal; research
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        item: #4152 of 5668
          id: crl-16227
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: Ranganathan Redux: The “Five Laws” and the Future of College & Research Libraries
        date: 2012-05-01
       words: 1852
      flesch: 48
     summary: What, in addition to our traditional essay reviews, research articles, and book re- views, might we provide as part of College & Research Libraries that would encourage you to continue to use the resources we provide? Our current site provides access to pre-prints of articles accepted for pub- lication, as well as automated notification when new content is added.
    keywords: journal; research
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        item: #4153 of 5668
          id: crl-16229
      author: Lear, Bernadette A.
       title: New Journals in Education and Psychology: General Trends, Discoverability, and Ubiquitous Journals of the Decade, 2000–2009
        date: 2012-05-01
       words: 15113
      flesch: 47
     summary: Of these, 319 (46.7%) were education journals and 364 (53.3%) were psychology journals. Yet, if we look at the research surrounding journal publication, an important mani- festation of academic activity, it may seem crl-243 234 College & Research Libraries May 2012 that social sciences faculty and librarians have little in common.
    keywords: academic; databases; education; education journals; journals; libraries; library; new; psychology; psychology journals; publications; research; study; titles
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        item: #4154 of 5668
          id: crl-16230
      author: Reinsfelder, Thomas L.
       title: Citation Analysis as a Tool to Measure the Impact of Individual Research Consultations
        date: 2012-05-01
       words: 7836
      flesch: 50
     summary: Young and Ackerson30 analyzed student papers in two groups receiving different types of library instruction and noted no differ- ence in citation behavior in four out of five cases, while Hurst and Leonard31 found that those exposed to additional library instruction used and cited more library resources. However, it should be acknowledged that, although common in practice, some researchers criticize the calculation of a mean and standard deviation on data obtained from Likert type scales where initial ratings could be considered ordinal in nature, arguing that other statistical measures may be more appropriate.53 Correlations and Number of Sources Used Correlations between various character- istics of student papers are interesting to consider, but the values reported here do not appear to have much practical application.
    keywords: citation; final; librarian; paper; quality; research; sources; students
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        item: #4155 of 5668
          id: crl-16231
      author: Damasco, Ione T.; Hodges, Dracine
       title: Tenure and Promotion Experiences of Academic Librarians of Color
        date: 2012-05-01
       words: 12164
      flesch: 43
     summary: © 2012 Ione T. Damasco and Dracine Hodges, Attribution- NonCommercial (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) CC BY-NC This study broadly examines factors impacting work-life experiences of library faculty of color within the framework of tenure policies and pro- cesses. Although much research has been conducted on the expe- riences of teaching faculty of color, issues facing library faculty of color may differ.
    keywords: academic; color; faculty; librarians; library; percent; promotion; research; respondents; tenure
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        item: #4156 of 5668
          id: crl-16232
      author: Green, Harlan
       title: Waldo Gifford Leland and the Origins of the American Archival Profession. Ed. Peter J. Wosh. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2011. 397p. alk paper, $62.95 (ISBN 1931666407). LC2011-028500.
        date: 2012-05-01
       words: 1293
      flesch: 56
     summary: The book, with its illuminating and probing look at the development of the field of archival science and the impact one man had on it and other fields of intel- lectual study, proves that others have seen (and participated) in even more dramatic transformations. While offering us a vista into the past, the book also provides con- nections to the present, demonstrating in a clear-cut manner how changes affect- ing archival science today were really set in motion and begun a generation or two before.
    keywords: archival; leland
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        item: #4157 of 5668
          id: crl-16233
      author: Phillips, Loreen S.
       title: International Students and Academic Libraries: Initiatives for Success. Eds. Pamela A. Jackson and Patrick Sullivan. Chicago: American Library Association, 2011. 234p. alk. paper, $54.00 (ISBN 9780838985939). LC2011-040762.
        date: 2012-05-01
       words: 1309
      flesch: 49
     summary: So it is very relevant that some case stud- ies examined ways to use this program as an additional means to engage students from other countries while making the rest of the campus community aware of the benefits of this population. Hickoff’s unique take was that he was able to visit other countries to observe and learn about students.
    keywords: academic; students
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        item: #4158 of 5668
          id: crl-16236
      author: Ellen, Glenn
       title: Lesley S. J. Farmer. Instructional Design for Librarians and Information Professionals. New York: Neal-Schuman, 2011. 229p. alk. paper, $80.00 (ISBN 9781555707361). LC 2011-31233.
        date: 2012-05-01
       words: 1849
      flesch: 50
     summary: As I thought about topics such as the range of considerations in the preplanning stage of instructional design, how I might use the “Learning Activity Collaborative Plan- ning Checklist” to work more effectively with course instructors, and how I might employ agile design, I realized that Farm- er’s book has expanded my perspectives as a teacher and as a librarian.—Glenn Ellen Starr Stilling, Appalachian State University. Farmer follows Robert A. Reiser’s and John V. Dempsey’s 2007 definition of instructional design as an iterative process that moves reflectively through the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evalu- ation.
    keywords: design; farmer; instructional
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        item: #4159 of 5668
          id: crl-16237
      author: Tolley-Stokes, Rebecca
       title: Getting Started with Cloud Computing: A LITA Guide. Eds. Edward M. Corrado and Heather Lea Moulaison. New York: Neal-Schuman Publisher, Inc., 2011. 214p. alk. paper, $65 (ISBN 9781555707491). LC 2011-017261.
        date: 2012-05-01
       words: 1317
      flesch: 50
     summary: He believes that U.S. libraries will not adopt cloud computing services as quickly as European libraries because of the issues associated with the Patriot Act, and he pre- dicts that the future of librarianship itself may be reinvigorated by cloud computing. As experts in library technology topics, Mou- laison and Corrado vetted and edited each contribution to this guide, which covers librarians’ special concerns about data and issues of privacy, security, and own- ership that, perhaps, other organizations looking to cloud computing services may not concern themselves with.
    keywords: cloud; computing
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        item: #4160 of 5668
          id: crl-16238
      author: Branin, Joseph
       title: Book Lovers, Technophiles, Pragmatists, and Printers
        date: 2012-07-01
       words: 531
      flesch: 73
     summary: C&RL, like most print based journals, has paper page limitations that allow us to print only about five articles per issue. Set up RSS feeds or e-mail alerts to find out right away what new tables of contents, articles, and preprints are released by C&RL.
    keywords: c&rl
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        item: #4161 of 5668
          id: crl-16239
      author: Hoffmann, Kristin; Doucette, Lise
       title: A Review of Citation Analysis Methodologies for Collection Management
        date: 2012-07-01
       words: 7350
      flesch: 42
     summary: © 2012 Kristin Hoffmann and Lise Doucette, Attribution-NonCommercial (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) CC BY-NC While there is a considerable body of literature that presents the results of citation analysis studies, most researchers do not provide enough detail in their methodology to reproduce the study, nor do they provide rationale for methodological decisions. Collection-focused activities that make use of citation data include examining print versus electronic usage to determine the impact of electronic jour- nals, compiling lists of most- and least- cited journals and local holdings to make acquisition or cancellation decisions, and examining age of cited references to help develop storage and retention policies.4 There is a gap in the literature in that there is no consolidated set of guidelines or considerations on the methodology for citation analysis studies.
    keywords: citation; citation analysis; collection; library; researchers; studies
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        item: #4162 of 5668
          id: crl-16240
      author: Bodemer, Brett B.
       title: The Importance of Search as Intertextual Practice for Undergraduate Research
        date: 2012-07-01
       words: 7509
      flesch: 46
     summary: Undergraduates, unlike faculty, are not “expert researchers” steeped in a tradition of relying on library resources for informing their written work.6 Col- lege students rely extensively on Inter- net search engines for information and frequently glean information from Web sites, including Wikipedia.7 Moreover, student information gathering and writ- ing practices are formed before reaching college age.8 S t r a t e Such research will necessarily be ambitious, requiring not only evaluation of written products as artifacts of learning but incorporating the analysis of student research logs and interviews at multiple points throughout the student career of the research subjects.
    keywords: information; literacy; paper; practice; research; searching; skills; students; writing
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        item: #4163 of 5668
          id: crl-16242
      author: Mery, Yvonne; Newby, Jill; Peng, Ke
       title: Why One-shot Information Literacy Sessions Are Not the Future of Instruction: A Case for Online Credit Courses
        date: 2012-07-01
       words: 7264
      flesch: 55
     summary: Students who attended a one-shot librarian-taught session did show some significant gains; however, these gains were not as great as those by students who participated in the online course. The type of IL instruction does affect student learning outcomes; 2. The type of instruction students receive affects skill sets differently.
    keywords: course; group; information; instruction; online; post; students; test
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        item: #4164 of 5668
          id: crl-16245
      author: Hackman, Timothy
       title: Scholarly Practice, Participatory Design and the eXtensible Catalog. Eds. Nancy Fried Foster, Katie Clark, Kornelia Tancheva, and Rebekah Kilzer. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2011. 176p. alk. paper. $40 (ISBN 9780838985748). LC 2011013357. http://hdl.handle.net/1802/12375
        date: 2012-07-01
       words: 1228
      flesch: 60
     summary: Rather, it consists of a series of articles on research behaviors and scholarly practices among university students and faculty, collected via interviews at four institutions: Cornell University, Ohio State University, Uni- versity of Rochester, and Yale University. The remaining chapters report on specific themes discovered through ex- amination of the interview transcripts; with one exception, the analyses focus only on responses from single institu- tions, meaning that each article relies on interview transcripts from, at most, twenty-three subjects.
    keywords: research; university
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        item: #4165 of 5668
          id: crl-16246
      author: Krafft, Scott
       title: John R. Turner. A Bibliography of Unauthorised American Editions of The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter 1904–1980. Stroud, U.K.: Ian Hodgkins & Co., 2012. 228p. alk. paper. $60.00 (ISBN 9780906460139).
        date: 2012-07-01
       words: 1941
      flesch: 57
     summary: Over the next few decades, Altemus would publish titles such as Peter Rabbit’s Wedding Day and Peter Rabbit’s Easter with the stories and illustrations done by a variety of writers and illustrators. How do they take notes on articles and books?), yet the chapter does not provide any ideas on how or why this information could be useful to librarians in serving their users or to the XC Project team in designing next- generation research tools.
    keywords: peter; potter; rabbit
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        item: #4166 of 5668
          id: crl-16247
      author: Selhorst, Anders
       title: Middle Management in Academic and Public Libraries. Ed. Tom Diamond. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited, 2011. 233p. acid-free paper, $45 (ISBN 9781598846898). LC 2011-008554.
        date: 2012-07-01
       words: 1171
      flesch: 44
     summary: With the myriad challenges of managing staff within a library setting, Middle Man- agement in Academic and Public Libraries explicates some of the best management practices for middle managers. Additional topics include the challenge for middle managers balancing compet- Book Reviews 409 ing demands and expectations of users with those of staff and supervisors and, in some cases, the demands of the tenure process as well.
    keywords: libraries; middle
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        item: #4167 of 5668
          id: crl-16249
      author: York, Maurice C.
       title: The Dr. Elliott & Eileen Hinkes Collection of Rare Books in the History of Scientific Discovery. Ed. Earle Havens. Baltimore, Md.: The Sheridan Libraries, Johns Hopkins University, 2011. vii, 105, [1] p. $35 (ISBN 9780983808602).
        date: 2012-07-01
       words: 926
      flesch: 50
     summary: Thanks to the generosity of the Hinkes family and the wisdom of the curators who received the gift of the Hinkes Collection, students and other researchers at Johns Hopkins will not need to travel to experience the wonder and satisfaction of learning about the history of scientific thought, printing, and other topics through these powerful primary sources.—Maurice C. York, East Carolina University. Bal- timore, Md.: The Sheridan Libraries, Johns Hopkins University, 2011.
    keywords: collection; scientific
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        item: #4168 of 5668
          id: crl-16251
      author: Revelle, Andy; Messner, Kevin; Shrimplin, Aaron; Hurst, Susan
       title: Book Lovers, Technophiles, Pragmatists, and Printers: The Social and Demographic Structure of User Attitudes toward e-Books
        date: 2012-09-01
       words: 5049
      flesch: 54
     summary: This finding supports Rowlands et al’s conclusion that, among e-book users, men are more likely to read from a screen than women.11 Con- sidering the skewed gender ratios at some institutions or in specific departments, this finding could have real significance for collection development. Recently, OnCampus Re- search surveyed U.S. college students on their use and preferences for e-textbooks, finding a strong overall preference for print books and limited uptake of e- books.4 The Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) conducted one of the largest-scale studies of e-book use and us- ers to date, with over 20,000 subjects at 120 U.K. institutions.
    keywords: book; lovers; opinion; respondents; technophiles
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        item: #4169 of 5668
          id: crl-16252
      author: Kennedy, Marie R.; Brancolini, Kristine R.
       title: Academic Librarian Research: A Survey of Attitudes, Involvement, and Perceived Capabilities
        date: 2012-09-01
       words: 8329
      flesch: 45
     summary: Several of the obstacles to conducting research are: reported lack of time to complete a research project, unfamiliar- ity with the research process, lack of support for research (both emotional and monetary), lack of access to research, lack of confidence, discouraging jargon, inad- equate education in research methods, and lack of motivation.7 Despite the benefits of conducting research and their desire to conduct re- search, the reasons that librarians may not conduct research are as diverse as our population. Our focus on academic librarians was also supported; Luo notes, “Academic librarians were more motivated than Academic Librarian Research 439 public librarians in pursing knowledge in research methods via continuing educa- tion, and those who engaged in research at work were more interested in continu- ing education opportunities than those who did not.”17 Institute for Research Design in Librarianship The purpose of conducting this study was to find ways in which the research- ers might support academic librarians in their efforts to conduct research and dis- seminate the results.
    keywords: academic; librarians; library; lis; research; survey
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        item: #4170 of 5668
          id: crl-16253
      author: Regazzi, John J.
       title: Constrained? An Analysis of U.S. Academic Library Shifts in Spending, Staffing, and Utilization, 1998–2008
        date: 2012-09-01
       words: 12169
      flesch: 58
     summary: Academic libraries cannot be treated as a homogenous group of institutions, and the study analyzes shifts by type, size, and Carnegie class of institution, illustrating significant difference among these classes of academic libraries, particularly among large doctoral institutions and other academic libraries, with large public and doctoral private institutions driving growth, while small and medium-sized academic libraries have fallen behind in both collections and staff investments. or decades, at professional meetings and in the profes- sional literature, librarians have voiced the view that academic library budgets are being eroded and constrained. These concerns were voiced nearly 30 years ago with the “serials crisis” and the effects that high journal prices were having on the overall fiscal capabilities of academic libraries.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library
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        item: #4171 of 5668
          id: crl-16254
      author: Fischer, Karen S.; Wright, Michael; Clatanoff, Kathleen; Barton, Hope; Shreeves, Edward
       title: Give ’Em What They Want: A One-Year Study of Unmediated Patron-Driven Acquisition of e-Books
        date: 2012-09-01
       words: 10326
      flesch: 49
     summary: Table 2 Publishers Purchased on PDa Sorted by Titles Purchased Publisher Titles Purchased Total Uses average Use per Publisher Taylor and Francis 211 758 3.6 Elsevier* 184 1,309 7.1 Wiley* 83 347 4.2 Cambridge University Press 60 246 4.1 McGraw-Hill 53 942 17.8 Oxford University Press 53 332 6.3 Guilford Press 46 430 9.3 Palgrave Macmillan 32 145 4.5 Sage 23 107 4.7 Princeton University Press 14 134 9.6 Duke University Press 12 69 5.8 Brill 12 66 5.5 Ashgate 11 37 3.4 University of Minnesota Press 10 114 11.4 AMACOM 8 104 13.0 University of Chicago Press 7 27 3.9 MIT Press 6 23 3.8 Continuum International Publishing 5 66 13.2 Emerald 5 14 2.8 Zed Books 5 9 1.8 University of North Carolina Press 2 13 6.5 University of Toronto Press 2 4 2.0 ME When the profile was scaled back at the end of December Table 3 Publishers Purchased on PDa, Sorted by average Use per Publisher Publisher Titles Purchased Total Uses average Use per Publisher McGraw-Hill 53 942 17.8 Continuum International Publishing 5 66 13.2 AMACOM 8 104 13.0 ME Sharpe 1 13 13.0 University of Minnesota Press 10 114 11.4 Louisiana State University Press 1 11 11.0 Princeton University Press 14 134 9.6 Guilford Press 46 430 9.3 Elsevier* 184 1,309 7.1 University of North Carolina Press 2 13 6.5 Oxford University Press 53 332 6.3 Duke University Press 12 69 5.8 Brill 12 66 5.5 Sage 23 107 4.7 Palgrave Macmillan 32 145 4.5 Wiley* 83 347 4.2 Cambridge University Press 60 246 4.1 University of Chicago Press 7 27 3.9 MIT Press 6 23 3.8 Taylor and Francis 211 758 3.6 Ashgate 11 37 3.4 Springer 1 3 3.0 University of Michigan Press 1 3 3.0 Emerald 5 14 2.8 University of Toronto Press 2 4 2.0 CABI Publishing 1 2 2.0 Zed Books 5 9 1.8 IGI Global 1 1 1.0 Total 850 5,329 6.3 *Elsevier and Wiley were blocked from profile in Feb 2010 because of consortial deals.
    keywords: books; collection; ebrary; libraries; pda; press; print; sessions; table; titles; university; user
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        item: #4172 of 5668
          id: crl-16255
      author: Lewis, David W.
       title: The Inevitability of Open Access
        date: 2012-09-01
       words: 8060
      flesch: 56
     summary: For the reader, open access journals have a clear advantage. Open access journals claim two advan- tages: the first is pragmatic and the second is principled.
    keywords: access; articles; disruptive; gold; journals; open; subscription
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        item: #4173 of 5668
          id: crl-16256
      author: Garrett, Jeffrey
       title: The British Isles, Vol. 1: England. Guides to Dutch Atlas Maps. Eds. Peter van der Krogt and Elger Heere. Houten, Netherlands: Hes & De Graaf; New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press, 2012. 256p. alk. paper, $115 (ISBN 9781584563006). LC 2011-592008.
        date: 2012-09-01
       words: 1279
      flesch: 52
     summary: That said, however, the information contained here makes this work—and indeed the entire series—an important acquisition for the reference sec- tion of map libraries with a strong historical focus or for the general reference sections of larger research libraries. The book concludes with a brief eight-title bibliography, indexes to personal and geo- graphical names, map titles, and finally a list of all atlases referenced, complete with index numbers in the Atlantes Neerlandici, a three-volume compendium published by coauthor van der Krogt between 1997 and 2003, in which more information on each atlas can be found.
    keywords: map; maps; public
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        item: #4174 of 5668
          id: crl-16257
      author: Han, Ning
       title: Donna L. Gilton. Lifelong Learning in Public Libraries: Principle, Programs, and People. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2012. 245p. alk. paper, $45 (ISBN 9780810883567). LC2011-044181.
        date: 2012-09-01
       words: 1920
      flesch: 43
     summary: After providing an outline for the entire book, Gilton, in chapter 1, defines and describes Information Literacy Instruction (ILI), walks readers through the history of ILI in different library set- tings, and introduces the background of ILI in public libraries as well as the unique aspects of instructional activities in public libraries. Gilton points out further that instruction in public libraries takes many forms, with the overriding goal to benefit the broadest user community across the widest age range.
    keywords: information; libraries; public
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        item: #4175 of 5668
          id: crl-16258
      author: Moore, Kate B.
       title: Transforming Information Literacy Programs: Intersecting Frontiers of Self, Library Culture, and Campus Community. Eds. Carroll Wetzel Wilkinson and Courtney Bruch. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2012. 263p. $62 (ISBN 9780838986035). LC 2011-050153.
        date: 2012-09-01
       words: 1833
      flesch: 42
     summary: Nancy H. Seamans’ final essay looks back retrospectively at information literacy in libraries and reports on discus- sions she had with several library leaders concerning the successes and failures of library information literacy instruction in the last twenty years, as well as pointing to opportunities for the future. Perhaps one of the most dramatic responses to this era of change has been libraries’ in- creased emphasis on information literacy.
    keywords: information; librarians; literacy
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        item: #4176 of 5668
          id: crl-16259
      author: Note, Margot
       title: Christina Zamon. The Lone Arranger: Succeeding in a Small Repository. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2012. 157p. alk. paper, $69.95 (ISBN 1931666415). LC2011-052238.
        date: 2012-09-01
       words: 1212
      flesch: 51
     summary: Often, new archivists inherit less-than-ideal organizational systems, but, as the author writes, “Leave what has already been done and start working on the big picture by defining groups of records rather than individual records.” Regardless, Lisa Hinchliffe and Mellissa Wong provide a concise and practical resource for librarians and student affairs professionals who might ask “how” instead of “why.”
    keywords: lone; student
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        item: #4177 of 5668
          id: crl-16261
      author: Ring, Richard J.
       title: The Library of Congress and the Center for the Book: Historical Essays in Honor of John Y. Cole. Ed. Mary Niles Maack. Washington: Library of Congress in association with the University of Texas Press, 2011. 223p. $24.95 (ISBN 9780844495255). LC2011-020436.
        date: 2012-09-01
       words: 1795
      flesch: 45
     summary: Winship illuminates a narrow chapter in the publication history of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, related to a copyright dispute, wherein Spofford “emerges as cool, precise, and knowledgeable, in marked contrast to the ‘apparent disorder’ of the collections and the ‘heavy plodding’ nature of his clerks.” Finally, Donald G. Davis, Jr. (profes- sor emeritus of library history at the University of Texas at Austin) submits a succinct but intriguing view of “Interna- tional Trends in Library History,” which serves as a sort of capstone to the volume. The practice of library history is becom- ing more scholarly (and is increasingly based on primary documents) rather than merely celebratory or antiquarian.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #4178 of 5668
          id: crl-16262
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: An Embarrassment of Riches: Ethics and Scholarly Publishing in the Digital Environment
        date: 2012-11-01
       words: 1496
      flesch: 30
     summary: There has been broader concern for some time about the value of product reviews in the digital environ- ment, including book reviews,4 but the Chronicle story demonstrated how the An Embarrassment of Riches: Ethics and Scholarly Publishing in the Digital Environment tactics employed by unscru- pulous reviewers of commercial services might be finding their way into the pre- sumably more rigorous environment of scholarly peer review. More recently, we have seen broader acceptance in a variety of fields of the notion of “open peer review,” i.e., a peer review process in which there is greater transparency, in which the names of reviewers are made public, or in which the review process may even be “crowd- sourced.”9
    keywords: peer; review
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        item: #4179 of 5668
          id: crl-16263
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Errata
        date: 2012-11-01
       words: 369
      flesch: 34
     summary: Patricia Cohen, “Scholars Test Web Alternative to Peer Review,” The New York Times, Au- gust 23, 2010, accessed October 5, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/24/arts/24peer.html; Beth Mole, “The Future of Peer Review in the Humanities is Wide Open,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, August 13, 2012, accessed October 5, 2012, http://chronicle.com/article/The-Future-of- Peer-Review-in/133563/. “Open Peer Review,” Wikipedia, accessed October 5, 2012, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Open_peer_review. 10.
    keywords: october
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        item: #4180 of 5668
          id: crl-16264
      author: Jantz, Ronald C.
       title: A Framework for Studying Organizational Innovation in Research Libraries
        date: 2012-11-01
       words: 9897
      flesch: 29
     summary: fundamental question for innovation research is to ex- plain how innovations occur. Gallouj and Savona note that the RPC model does not account for service innovations that have no technol- ogy component, an important dimension to examine for research libraries.12 Several examples of the RPC are useful at this juncture.
    keywords: incremental; innovation; libraries; library; new; organizational; radical; research; research libraries; service; structure
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        item: #4181 of 5668
          id: crl-16265
      author: Detmering, Robert; Sproles, Claudene
       title: Forget the Desk Job: Current Roles and Responsibilities in Entry-Level Reference Job Advertisements
        date: 2012-11-01
       words: 6557
      flesch: 33
     summary: Hanrong Wang, Yingqi Tang, and Carley Knight scanned reference job ads posted in C&RL News from 1966 to 2009 to track the historical development of the profession.11 Examining reference posi- tions, they calculated the number of open positions, educational background, duties and responsibilities of the position, and variations in job titles. As a result, beginning reference librarians must be prepared for a diverse range of responsibilities, and hiring institutions must carefully consider their priorities for reference positions.
    keywords: ads; duties; entry; job; level; library; reference; responsibilities
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        item: #4182 of 5668
          id: crl-16268
      author: Antell, Karen
       title: The Citation Landscape of Scholarly Literature in LGBT Studies: A Snapshot for Subject Librarians
        date: 2012-11-01
       words: 8758
      flesch: 45
     summary: Both of these ISI tools are used frequently by librarians to aid in serials collection development, so the absence of LGBT Studies journals in the ISI products poses a challenge. Year Published Discipline Academic or Popular Times Cited Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (various editions) various Social Sciences Academic 9 History of Sexuality 1978 Social Sciences Academic 7 Out and About on Campus 2000 Social Sciences Popular 6 Labour and Love: Women's Experience of Home and Family 1986 Social Sciences Academic 5 Physical Violence in American Families 1990 Social Sciences Academic 5 Sexual Behavior in the Human Female 1953 Social Sciences Academic 5 Conceiving the New World Order: The Global Politics of Reproduction 1995 Social Sciences Academic 4 Forms of Desire: Sexual Orientation and the Social Constructionist Controversy 1990 Social Sciences Academic 4 Neurophysiological Basis of Normal and Abnormal Motor Activities 1967 Medicine Academic 4 Scattered Hegemonies: Postmodernity & Transnational Feminist Practices 1994 Humanities Academic 4 Sexual Behavior in the Human Male 1948 Social Sciences Academic 4 Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism 1991 Social Sciences Academic 4 Abortion Wars: A Half Century of Struggle 1998 Social Sciences Academic 3 Aging in Canada: Social Perspectives 1987 Social Sciences Academic 3 American Couples: Money, Work, Sex 1983 Social Sciences Popular 3 Becoming Orgasmic 1988 Medicine Popular 3 Becoming Visible: Women in European History 1987 Social Sciences Academic 3 Civil Liberties vs. National Security in a Post-9/11 World 2004 Law Academic 3 Close Relationships 1983 Social Sciences Academic 3 Current Concepts in Transgender Identity 1998 Social Sciences Academic 3 De/Colonizing the Subject: The Politics of Gender in Women's Autobiography 1992 Humanities Academic 3 598 College & Research Libraries November 2012 books, but the peak is more pronounced for academic books.
    keywords: books; journals; lgbt; literature; scholarly; sciences; social; studies
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        item: #4183 of 5668
          id: crl-16269
      author: Alexander, Jean M.
       title: Curriculum Materials Collections and Centers: Legacies from the Past, Visions of the Future. Ed. Rita Kohrman. Chicago: American Library Association, 2012. 265p. alk. paper, $48 (ISBN 9780838986028). LC 2011-45087.
        date: 2012-11-01
       words: 562
      flesch: 53
     summary: But, as laboratories and resource centers for teachers, curriculum centers have as much in common with public and school libraries as they have with the traditional scholarly academic library. Rita Kohrman of Grand Valley State University and Suzan A. Alteri of Wayne State University provide illuminating histories of the develop- ment of curriculum laboratories at normal schools (vocational schools for teacher preparation) and subsequent changes in higher education that led to a devaluation of practical teacher training and hence the closing of many CMCs.
    keywords: centers
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        item: #4184 of 5668
          id: crl-16270
      author: DeGeorge, Deborah
       title: Diane M. Fulkerson. Remote Access Technologies for Library Collections: Tools for Library Users and Managers. Hershey, Pa.: Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global), 2012. 214p., $175.00 (ISBN 9781466602342). LC 2011-46463.
        date: 2012-11-01
       words: 1248
      flesch: 45
     summary: Although there are 12 distinct chapters, the book can be broken down (though not sequentially) into three main topics: the increased need for libraries to provide digital access to both its catalog and the materials described therein, including databases and e-books; the technological developments and challenges presented by remotely accessed resources (includ- ing user validation, mobile devices, and the integration of library materials into course-management software); and newer developments such as specifically devel- oped digital collections and social media as a means of access. Chapters 8–10 discuss newer devel- opments in access to library materials.
    keywords: access; library
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        item: #4185 of 5668
          id: crl-16271
      author: Lai, Paul
       title: Char Booth. Reflective Teaching, Effective Learning: Instructional Literacy for Library Educators. Chicago, Ill.: American Library Association, 2011. 180p. alk. paper, $60.00 (ISBN 9780838910528). LC 2010-14026.
        date: 2012-11-01
       words: 1830
      flesch: 41
     summary: This type of personal reflection is crucial to Booth’s conception of reflective teaching. Chapters 8–10 discuss newer devel- opments in access to library materials.
    keywords: booth; library; teaching
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        item: #4186 of 5668
          id: crl-16272
      author: Miles, Linda
       title: Information Literacy: Infiltrating the Agenda, Challenging Minds. Eds. Geoff Walton and Alison Pope. Oxford, U.K.: Chandos Publishing, 2011. Distributed in the U.S. by Neal-Schuman Publishers. 322p., $90 (ISBN: 9781843346104).
        date: 2012-11-01
       words: 1171
      flesch: 41
     summary: The collection is intended to provide informa- tion about specific information literacy (IL) initiatives and related issues, as well as to form the foundation for a call to ac- tion during a time of perceived economic peril for IL programs within U.K. higher education. The final section, Obesity, Overload, and Opportunity seems both ambitious and forward-thinking, featur- ing discussions of the political nature of IL instruction, the impact to IL of sweep- ing changes to modes of communication and learning, and the use of assessment measures to identify specific areas of IL instruction in the United Kingdom that may merit revised or additional instruc- tion.
    keywords: information; literacy
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        item: #4187 of 5668
          id: crl-16274
      author: Vassady, Lisa
       title: Rajendra Kumbhar. Library Classification Trends in the 21st Century. Oxford, U.K.: Chandos Publishing, 2012. Distributed in the U.S. by Neal-Schuman Publishers. 172p. alk. paper, $80 (ISBN 9781843346609). National Library: 015863081.
        date: 2012-11-01
       words: 1061
      flesch: 45
     summary: The ideal reader would be unfamiliar with classification trends in general and would appreciate that this text serves primarily as an overview on the subject of classification. To illustrate the weight given to earlier publications, consider the coverage of Dewey Decimal Classification.
    keywords: century; classification
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        item: #4188 of 5668
          id: crl-16275
      author: Green, Harriett
       title: Libraries across Land and Sea: Academic Library Services on International Branch Campuses
        date: 2013-01-01
       words: 7834
      flesch: 42
     summary: Areas of focus for future study could include how librar- ies on branch campuses alter traditional methods of library services to meet cul- tural practices, methods of collaboration between home and campus libraries, studies of the information literacy pro- grams conducted in the libraries, and the new aspects of international librarianship revealed in these environments of global- ized education services. How did the SIU-Carbondale in Niigata’s campus library influence the main library’s reference and research services?
    keywords: branch; campus; campuses; education; international; libraries; library; services; u.s
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        item: #4189 of 5668
          id: crl-16277
      author: Lamothe, Alain R.
       title: Factors Influencing the Usage of an Electronic Book Collection: Size of the E-book Collection, the Student Population, and the Faculty Population
        date: 2013-01-01
       words: 10636
      flesch: 53
     summary: Of all student academic levels, doctoral students exhibited the strongest relationship with e-book usage, while undergraduate students showed signs of the weakest. Faculty demonstrated the overall weakest relationship with e-book usage.
    keywords: book; collection; library; number; searches; students; university; usage; viewings
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        item: #4190 of 5668
          id: crl-16278
      author: Alexander, David L.
       title: American Indian Studies, Multiculturalism, and the Academic Library
        date: 2013-01-01
       words: 4995
      flesch: 35
     summary: This article discusses the nature of American Indian Studies and provides suggestions for what librarians can do to support American Indian Stud- ies programs and American Indian students. Decades of educational pol- icy sought to separate American Indian students from their cultural heritage.34 Research, primarily conducted since the 1960s, has shown that knowledge of tribal culture is actually beneficial and helps give American Indian students a positive self-identity that supports them in their pursuit of education.
    keywords: academic; american; american indian; indian; students; studies
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        item: #4191 of 5668
          id: crl-16279
      author: Hansen, David R.; Cross, William M.; Edwards, Phillip M.
       title: Copyright Policy and Practice in Electronic Reserves among ARL Libraries
        date: 2013-01-01
       words: 7557
      flesch: 41
     summary: Each participant was also asked either to upload or to provide a link to an online document containing their institution’s e-reserve service copyright policy. A similar criticism may ring true for current e-reserve policies and practices, as e-reserves librarians attempt to manage copyright-infringement risk without an accurate understanding of the context and practice of peer institutions.
    keywords: copyright; institutions; items; libraries; policies; policy; reserves; use
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        item: #4192 of 5668
          id: crl-16280
      author: Kohn, Karen C.
       title: Usage-Based Collection Evaluation with a Curricular Focus
        date: 2013-01-01
       words: 8121
      flesch: 58
     summary: When librarians see that books on a particular subject are being used, the consensus in the literature seems to be that the library should use whatever means makes sense to ensure the purchase of more books on this subject. Initially I felt that a low absolute number of books for a course did not necessarily imply we needed more books.
    keywords: books; collection; data; evaluation; faculty; library; number
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        item: #4193 of 5668
          id: crl-16281
      author: Accardi, Maria T.
       title: The 21st Century Black Librarian in America: Issues and Challenges. Eds. Andrew P. Jackson, Julius C. Jefferson Jr., and Akilah S. Nosakhere. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2012. 277p., $80.00 (ISBN 9780810882454). LC 2011-042051.
        date: 2013-01-01
       words: 557
      flesch: 53
     summary: With 47 chapters and eight parts, this wide-ranging collection offers a varied and prolific assortment of essays related to black librarianship in America. Part III discusses black librarianship in terms of the academic library.
    keywords: black
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        item: #4194 of 5668
          id: crl-16284
      author: Hyde, Gene
       title: Elizabeth H. Dow. Archivists, Collectors, Dealers, and Replevin: Case Studies on Private Ownership of Public Documents. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2012. 144p. $65 (ISBN 9780810883772). LC2012-008889.
        date: 2013-01-01
       words: 1170
      flesch: 44
     summary: This scenario begs several questions: who owns government documents that have, for one reason or another, slipped into the hands of private dealers and col- lectors? For example, prior to the mid-20th century development of legislation and reten- tion schedules designed to keep public documents in the hands of government agencies, it was common for government officials to keep public documents and treat them as personal property.
    keywords: archivists; documents
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        item: #4195 of 5668
          id: crl-16285
      author: Jackson, John M.
       title: Interdisciplinarity and Academic Libraries. Eds. Daniel C. Mack and Craig Gibson. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2012. 238p. alk. paper, $62 (ISBN 9780838986158). LC2012-018651.
        date: 2013-01-01
       words: 1228
      flesch: 39
     summary: Notably, they conclude with an appendix of ideas for how subject librarians can leverage library services toward the ends of interdisciplinary work. Each of the following chapters inspects a specific aspect of library work and the effect interdisciplinarity has had on each.
    keywords: chapter; library
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        item: #4196 of 5668
          id: crl-16286
      author: Selhorst, Anders
       title: John Buschman. Libraries, Classrooms, and the Interests of Democracy: Marking the Limits of Neoliberalism. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2012. 239p. acid-free paper, $65 (ISBN 9780810885288). LC 2012-010128.
        date: 2013-01-01
       words: 1045
      flesch: 37
     summary: Should library marketing and advertising be allowed in educational institutions or classrooms, and do policies grounded in the current political paradigm of neolib- eralism advance the mission of libraries and democracy? The first part of the book examines the historical relationship between marketing and ad- vertisement in educational institutions and libraries.
    keywords: institutions; library
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        item: #4197 of 5668
          id: crl-16287
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: The Improvisation of Human Experience: Joseph J. Branin (1947–2012)
        date: 2013-03-01
       words: 947
      flesch: 53
     summary: And it was on Joe’s watch that a more vibrant community of Library & Information Science editors began to meet routinely and to present panels at conference in order to support new authors, to promote best practices in scholarly publishing in our field, and to engage the broader community of scholarly journal editors. Joe did not “make” College & Research Libraries, which has been a leading journal in our field for decades, but he encouraged us not to rest on our laurels and he forced us to confront the difficult questions facing all scholarly journals in the age of digital publishing.
    keywords: research
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        item: #4198 of 5668
          id: crl-16288
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Errata
        date: 2013-03-01
       words: 947
      flesch: 53
     summary: And it was on Joe’s watch that a more vibrant community of Library & Information Science editors began to meet routinely and to present panels at conference in order to support new authors, to promote best practices in scholarly publishing in our field, and to engage the broader community of scholarly journal editors. Joe did not “make” College & Research Libraries, which has been a leading journal in our field for decades, but he encouraged us not to rest on our laurels and he forced us to confront the difficult questions facing all scholarly journals in the age of digital publishing.
    keywords: research
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        item: #4199 of 5668
          id: crl-16289
      author: Bullis, Daryl R.; Irving, Richard D.
       title: Journals Supporting Terrorism Research: Identification and Investigation into Their Impact on the Social Sciences
        date: 2013-03-01
       words: 6630
      flesch: 42
     summary: Data collection was primarily focused on cited journals fully covered in SSCI in 2009, although some data was col- lected for journals not covered in SSCI.13 Despite criticism and challenges from Elsevier’s Scopus database, SSCI is still widely recognized as the most authori- tative citation source for social science research literature. Core journal studies appear in both the library science literature and in the journal literature of other academic disciplines.
    keywords: conflict; journals; political; references; studies; terrorism; violence
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        item: #4200 of 5668
          id: crl-16290
      author: Rupp-Serrano, Karen; Robbins, Sarah
       title: Information-Seeking Habits of Education Faculty
        date: 2013-03-01
       words: 5434
      flesch: 41
     summary: Other Table 6 Factors limiting use of library electronic Services limiting Factors % Unavailability of Needed Electronic Resources or Services 62% Lack of Time 42% Access Restrictions 38% Unaware of Available Electronic Resources and Services 37% Hard to Find on Library Website 25% Lack of Instructions 18% Other 5% Information-Seeking Habits of Education Faculty 139 of satisfaction with the library in gen- eral. The responses from the survey participants emphasize the importance of electronic access to scholarly journals and library databases and the continuing value of books, both print and electronic, for meeting the information and research needs of education faculty.
    keywords: education; faculty; important; information; library; research
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        item: #4201 of 5668
          id: crl-16291
      author: Perkins, Gay Helen; Slowik, Amy J.W.
       title: The Value of Research in Academic Libraries
        date: 2013-03-01
       words: 7636
      flesch: 43
     summary: Items 4– 9 concerned transmissions of ideas about academic library research. Interviewees noted one or more themes of academic library research they would like to see explored in the next decade.
    keywords: academic; college; interviewees; librarians; library; research; university; value
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        item: #4202 of 5668
          id: crl-16293
      author: Blecic, Deborah D.; Wiberley, Stephen E.; Fiscella, Joan B.; Bahnmaier-Blaszczak, Sara; Lowery, Rebecca
       title: Deal or No Deal? Evaluating Big Deals and Their Journals
        date: 2013-03-01
       words: 9540
      flesch: 61
     summary: Ascertaining how much a library’s users rely on the publisher’s or on other provid- ers’ platforms for article retrievals from Big Deal journals can influence choice of individual subscriptions from a Big Deal. But, be- cause publisher data is not the whole story of SFTARs, as time allows, librarians must also pay attention to SFTARs for Big Deal journals from overlap provid- ers’ platforms.
    keywords: big; big deal; deal; journals; library; overlap; sftars; titles; year
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        item: #4203 of 5668
          id: crl-16294
      author: Xia, Jingfeng; Liu, Ying
       title: Usage Patterns of Open Genomic Data
        date: 2013-03-01
       words: 6089
      flesch: 42
     summary: However, relatively few studies have been undertaken to test the impact of open data reuse on research quality. No 7.338 BMC Cancer 17 Yes 3.153 FiGURe 2 Data Submitted to GeO by Year | | | | | | | | 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 500,000- 400,000- 300,000- 200,000- 100,000- 0- Usage Patterns of Open Genomic Data 201 between publications using open data and publications using in-house data, unless the discussion is about the advantages of providing publicly accessible data.
    keywords: access; articles; data; expression; geo; journal; open; repository; research
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        item: #4204 of 5668
          id: crl-16295
      author: Henige, David
       title: H. Faye Christenberry, Angela Courtney, Liorah Golomb, and Melissa S. Van Vuuren. Literary Research and Postcolonial Literatures in English: Strategies and Sources. Literary Research: Strategies and Source, 11. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2012. 262p. $60.00 (ISBN 9780810883833). LC 2012-009243.
        date: 2013-03-01
       words: 1199
      flesch: 51
     summary: In launching from this premise, he looks at a variety of organizations and, in doing so, identifies the characteristics that contribute to suc- cessful embedded librarianship, as well as explaining how information profes- sionals in all types of library settings are using embedded librarianship principles to enhance how they engage their library communities. The chapters are laid out in a coherent outline that follows the arc of this practice through its history to its implementation in various library settings.
    keywords: literary; research
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        item: #4205 of 5668
          id: crl-16296
      author: Henry, Loreen S.
       title: David Shumaker. The Embedded Librarian: Innovative Strategies for Taking Knowledge Where It’s Needed. Medford, N.J.: Information Today, Inc, 2012. 232p. $49.50 (ISBN 9781573874526). LC2012-017662.
        date: 2013-03-01
       words: 1256
      flesch: 51
     summary: In launching from this premise, he looks at a variety of organizations and, in doing so, identifies the characteristics that contribute to suc- cessful embedded librarianship, as well as explaining how information profes- sionals in all types of library settings are using embedded librarianship principles to enhance how they engage their library communities. Part One addresses the historical aspects, gives a summation of embedded librarians in higher educa- tion, the health sciences, corporations, nonprofits, government, schools, and public libraries.
    keywords: book; information
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        item: #4206 of 5668
          id: crl-16297
      author: Krafft, Scott
       title: Colin Franklin. Obsessions and Confessions of a Book Life. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press; Camberwell, Victoria, Australia: Books of Kells; London: Bernard Quaritch, 2012. 262p. alk. paper, $49.95 (ISBN: 9781584563044). LC2012-018734.
        date: 2013-03-01
       words: 1324
      flesch: 60
     summary: As is often the case with book dealers, Franklin’s own collecting and scholarly in- terests and his work in the trade went hand in hand, or sometimes hand out of hand. Both a memoir and a collection of dis- crete topical essays, Colin Franklin’s book about his personal and professional intersections with the world of books is a delight.
    keywords: book; franklin
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        item: #4207 of 5668
          id: crl-16300
      author: Spina, Carli
       title: Laura N. Gasaway. Copyright Questions and Answers for Information Professionals: From the Columns of Against the Grain. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, 2013. 284p. alk. paper, $24.95 (ISBN 9781557536396). LC2012-032276.
        date: 2013-03-01
       words: 1134
      flesch: 52
     summary: How, for instance, do library users research archival material? Eye-tracking involves study of the eye movements of users and methods for capitalizing on the data yielded regarding user research behaviors.
    keywords: copyright; library
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        item: #4208 of 5668
          id: crl-16301
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: The “Multihued Palette” of Academic Librarianship
        date: 2013-05-01
       words: 2097
      flesch: 39
     summary: These last two appeared as central characters in the most recent debate over faculty status for academic librarians, which played out last month around an article published in The Chronicle of Higher Education re- garding the decision to eliminate faculty appointments for new librarians at the University of Virginia and a proposal to “revoke” faculty status from librarians at East Carolina University.2 In describing the rationale behind these efforts, Karin Wittenborg, University Li- brarian at Virginia, noted that “libraries are in a time of dramatic and continuing change,” and Maureen Sullivan, the American Library Association President also serving as an organizational-de- velopment consultant to East Carolina, reminded Chronicle readers that “there is a difference between the work and role of the teaching faculty… and the work and role of librarians.”3 Few would ar- gue against either of these assertions, I The “Multihued Palette” of Academic Librarianship imagine, but it is unclear how either is related to the issue of faculty status for academic librarians, an issue that has been taken up many times in the pages of this journal.4 As Coker, vanDuinkerken, and Bales noted in our most recent entry into this discussion, the issue of the librarian’s role and status has been debated in the academy and in the profession for more than a century.5 As anyone reading their argument must conclude, the question of faculty status for librarians (whether with or without provisions for the awarding of tenure) is a complicated one.
    keywords: faculty; librarians; status
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        item: #4209 of 5668
          id: crl-16302
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Errata
        date: 2013-05-01
       words: 354
      flesch: 55
     summary: Adrianna Kezar, ed., Embracing Non-Tenure Track Faculty: Changing Campuses for the New Faculty Majority (New York: Routledge, 2012). For the ongoing debate, see: American Association of University Professors, “Contingent Faculty Positions,” accessed April 22, 2013, http://www.
    keywords: faculty
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        item: #4210 of 5668
          id: crl-16303
      author: Lown, Cory; Sierra, Tito; Boyer, Josh
       title: How Users Search the Library from a Single Search Box
        date: 2013-05-01
       words: 6744
      flesch: 54
     summary: In a 2008 survey of how search is implemented on library websites, Ghaphery, Teague-Rector, and Byrd observed “a wide range of ap- proaches, indicating that consolidating library search presents ongoing challeng- es.”22 Library search and discovery environments must not only 230 College & Research Libraries May 2013 provide useful results for a wide range of information needs; they must also help users differentiate between kinds of resources.
    keywords: box; catalog; libraries; library; quicksearch; results; search; use
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        item: #4211 of 5668
          id: crl-16304
      author: Huang, Kun; Kelly, Diane
       title: The Daily Image Information Needs and Seeking Behavior of Chinese Undergraduate Students
        date: 2013-05-01
       words: 10096
      flesch: 50
     summary: The findings reveal the need to improve the image services offered by academic libraries and strengthen undergraduates’ information literacy with respect to image search and use. w o r k , which focused more on image needs in specific academic domains (such as humanities, history, and arts), this study focused on the more general image needs of undergraduates from a range of disciplines.
    keywords: image; information; needs; percent; research; search; searching; seeking; students; users
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        item: #4212 of 5668
          id: crl-16305
      author: Connell, Ruth Sara
       title: Maternity and Paternity Policies Available to Academic Librarians
        date: 2013-05-01
       words: 5512
      flesch: 49
     summary: • Staff policies are more codified while faculty policies are some- what more flexible/negotiable. The authors argued that it “would be unwise to rely on studies of tenure status and parenthood undertaken by other disciplines, since the workload and envi- ronment of academic librarianship are so often different from that of other academic disciplines.”4
    keywords: faculty; leave; librarians; policies; tenure
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        item: #4213 of 5668
          id: crl-16306
      author: Harris, Valerie; Hepburn, Peter
       title: Trends in Image Use by Historians and the Implications for Librarians and Archivists
        date: 2013-05-01
       words: 8081
      flesch: 46
     summary: ”18 Tibbo, Dalton and Charnigo, and Bar- rett tell us that, while historians report that they use images in their research and graduate students use Internet sources critically, digital image sources are seem- ingly not widely used. Moreover, image collections are not only available from institutions.
    keywords: collections; digital; historians; images; journals; libraries; online; use
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        item: #4214 of 5668
          id: crl-16308
      author: Greene, Harlan
       title: Patrick M. Valentine. A Social History of Books and Libraries from Cuneiform to Bytes, 2012. Lanham, Md.: The Scarecrow Press, 2012. 203p. alk. paper, $60 (ISBN 9780810885707). LC2012-020892.
        date: 2013-05-01
       words: 1274
      flesch: 63
     summary: He lets readers see the dangers of coming across as “too corporate” and highlights common sense do’s and don’ts in most chapters. His work offers a wonderfully succinct history of computers, as well as trends in American libraries after WWII; and it is up-to-date enough to mention recent developments such as the impact of catastrophic events of the “Arab Spring” on libraries.
    keywords: book; libraries
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        item: #4215 of 5668
          id: crl-16309
      author: Repplinger, John
       title: David Lee King.Face2Face: Using Facebook, Twitter, and Other Social Media Tools to Create Great Customer Connections. Chicago: Information Today, Inc., 2012. 194p. alk. paper, $24.95 (ISBN 9780910965996). LC2012-013506.
        date: 2013-05-01
       words: 1276
      flesch: 64
     summary: My absolute favorite London Museum is Soane House, where the famous archi- tect Sir John Soane lived in the late 18th and earlier 19th centuries. Thus, Malcolm Jones documents in some detail how engraved border and framing motifs in printed French Books of Hours in the earlier 16th century found their way into church wood sculpture of the period in England—an interesting example of the unexpected ways in which this genre was appropriated in the early modern period.
    keywords: book; social
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        item: #4216 of 5668
          id: crl-16311
      author: Simons, Marcy
       title: Library Services for Multicultural Patrons: Strategies to Encourage Library Use. Lanham, Md.: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2013. 338p. $65.00 (ISBN: 9780810887220). LC2012-029338.
        date: 2013-05-01
       words: 1157
      flesch: 47
     summary: In Part II, the chapters focus on reach- ing students in academic libraries such as Appalachian State University where li- brarians recognized the growing number of international students and set out to in- crease global awareness—not just within the library, but on campus as well. The volume also contains essays by Mirjam Foot on bookbinding as art or craft and by Charles Sebag-Montefiore on catalogues of private art collections.
    keywords: international; library; multicultural
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        item: #4217 of 5668
          id: crl-16312
      author: York, Maurice C.
       title: Planning and Constructing Book & Paper Conservation Laboratories: A Guidebook. Eds. Jennifer Hain Teper and Eric Alstrom. Chicago: Association for Library Collections & Technical Services, American Library Association, 2012. vii, 230p. $67.95; $61 for members of ALA (ISBN 9780838986011). LC2011-053444.
        date: 2013-05-01
       words: 1115
      flesch: 44
     summary: Eleven other authors—one in private practice and the rest associated with the preservation and conservation facilities of major institutions in the United States— contributed practical essays that address varied aspects of project planning, speci- fications for equipment and specialized functions, and considerations unique to private conservation labs and those that focus on flat paper collections. Jeffrey Peachey, a conservator in private practice, addresses concepts pertinent to private book conservation labs, and Claire Hoevel provides guidance on the devel- opment of labs for paper conservation.
    keywords: collections; conservation; library
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        item: #4218 of 5668
          id: crl-16315
      author: Eschenfelder, Kristin R.; Tsai, Tien-I; Zhu, Xiaohua; Stewart, Brenton
       title: How Institutionalized Are Model License Use Terms? An Analysis of E-Journal License Use Rights Clauses from 2000 to 2009
        date: 2013-07-01
       words: 14840
      flesch: 54
     summary: The negotiation of license terms, including terms of use, is a standard part of licensing practice.1 The terms of use dictate acceptable and crl-289 How Institutionalized Are Model License Use Terms? This possibility, even remote, makes it important to pay attention to license terms that conflict with typical user behaviors.
    keywords: commercial; ill; licenses; model; model license; noncommercial; publisher; reserves; terms; use; use terms
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        item: #4219 of 5668
          id: crl-16316
      author: Kimball, Rusty; Stephens, Jane; Hubbard, David; Pickett, Carmelita
       title: A Citation Analysis of Atmospheric Science Publications by Faculty at Texas A&M University
        date: 2013-07-01
       words: 5519
      flesch: 44
     summary: She too found that journal citations in the sciences remained dominant, although they decreased in use while book citations increased. Of the 5,082 total citations, 4,610 (91%) were to journal articles.
    keywords: analysis; citation; cited; journal; research; science
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        item: #4220 of 5668
          id: crl-16317
      author: Ramirez, Marisa L.; Dalton, Joan T.; McMillan, Gail; Read, Max; Seamans, Nancy H.
       title: Do Open Access Electronic Theses and Dissertations Diminish Publishing Opportunities in the Social Sciences and Humanities? Findings from a 2011 Survey of Academic Publishers
        date: 2013-07-01
       words: 6327
      flesch: 40
     summary: The findings indicate that manuscripts that are revisions of openly accessible ETDs are always welcome for submission or considered on a case-by-case basis by 82.8 percent of journal editors and 53.7 percent of university press directors polled. The top three disciplines represented by journal editors were interdisciplinary so- cial sciences (20.0%), urban studies (8%), and history (8%).
    keywords: editors; etds; journal; press; survey; university
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        item: #4221 of 5668
          id: crl-16318
      author: Watson, Shevaun E.; Rex, Cathy; Markgraf, Jill; Kishel, Hans; Jennings, Eric; Hinnant, Kate
       title: Revising the “One-Shot” through Lesson Study: Collaborating with Writing Faculty to Rebuild a Library Instruction Session
        date: 2013-07-01
       words: 8574
      flesch: 56
     summary: Specifically, lesson study is an examination of practice that challenges teachers to examine their goals for a les- son as well as student response to them. The process of lesson study involves col- laborating with fellow teachers to identify goals, plan the lesson, teach and observe the lesson, discuss findings, and revise the lesson (see figure 1).
    keywords: instruction; lesson; library; research; search; students; study; topic
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        item: #4222 of 5668
          id: crl-16319
      author: Pickard, Elizabeth; Logan, Firouzeh
       title: The Research Process and the Library: First-Generation College Seniors vs. Freshmen
        date: 2013-07-01
       words: 9422
      flesch: 56
     summary: Such comments also provided more specifics about why library databases might be better resources for scholarly information than Google and even sometimes parsed that. Uni- versity looked at library use specifically among Latino students,13 while a study at California State University Fresno looked at library use across first-generation college students.14
    keywords: college; freshmen; library; research; seniors; sources; students
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        item: #4223 of 5668
          id: crl-16321
      author: Dickey, Timothy J.
       title: W. Bernard Lukenbill. Research in Information Studies: A Cultural and Social Approach. Bloomington, Ind.: Xlibris, 2012. 422p. $23.99 (ISBN9781469179599). LC 2012-934936.
        date: 2013-07-01
       words: 1308
      flesch: 46
     summary: “Research is integrated into the whole fabric of modern-day society,” begins Lukenbill in writing Research in Information Studies; the second and equally important foundation for his writing is that intel- lectual theory is central to the heart of all kinds of research, including library and information science. Research is viewed as multidisciplinary, completely integrated with theoretical con- cepts, and completely a part of human life; this chapter includes a nuanced parsing of theory and research in a broad variety of “research traditions.”
    keywords: chapter; research
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        item: #4224 of 5668
          id: crl-16322
      author: Hughes, Michael
       title: Andrew Walsh. Using Mobile Technology to Deliver Library Services. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2012. 134 p. $80.00 (ISBN 9781856048095). LC 2012-493968.
        date: 2013-07-01
       words: 1960
      flesch: 56
     summary: Nonetheless, Research in Information Studies remains a resource for consumers of information sci- ence research, for thinkers about research in the field, and (perhaps centrally) begin- ning students—several of the author ’s stated audiences.—Timothy J. Dickey, Independent Scholar, Columbus, Ohio. There follows a quick introduction in the final chapter to differ- ent kinds of research literature and critical thinking approaches to them, including an interesting evaluation of Wikipedia in research.
    keywords: book; mobile; research
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        item: #4225 of 5668
          id: crl-16324
      author: Schnell, Eric
       title: Thomas H.P. Gould. Do We Still Need Peer Review? Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2013. 175p. paperback, alk. paper, $60 (ISBN: 9780810885745). LC 2012-021731.
        date: 2013-07-01
       words: 1322
      flesch: 56
     summary: The history of peer review is very well researched by providing an evolutionary perspective of the peer review process. Peer review is used extensively in many professional fields including most aca- demic disciplines, scientific and medical research, and even in computer software development.
    keywords: peer; review
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        item: #4226 of 5668
          id: crl-16325
      author: Latham, Don; Gross, Melissa
       title: Instructional Preferences of First-Year College Students with Below-Proficient Information Literacy Skills: A Focus Group Study
        date: 2013-09-01
       words: 12575
      flesch: 48
     summary: In a subsequent study, they found that college students describe themselves as competent at finding and evaluating information but reported difficulties in determining what kind of information is needed and how much.14 Studies using more objective measures of information literacy skills suggest that students may not be as competent as they report. Discussion Self-generated vs. Imposed Information- seeking Experiences Students were asked about their in- formation-seeking experiences in both self-generated and imposed tasks for the purpose of (a) orienting them to the topic of information skills and (b) eliciting responses that could then be compared to the findings from the interviews, which focused on students’ perceptions of and experiences with information literacy.
    keywords: college; college students; information; information literacy; instructional; research; skills; sources; students; tasks
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        item: #4227 of 5668
          id: crl-16326
      author: Robbins, Sarah; Rupp-Serrano, Karen
       title: How Unique Are Our Users? Part 2: Comparing Responses Regarding the Information-Seeking Habits of Education Faculty
        date: 2013-09-01
       words: 6313
      flesch: 42
     summary: By comparing the data between the studies, it is possible to begin to determine what types of questions asked in single- institution user studies can be accepted as descriptive of an equivalent population at other, similar institutions. © 2013 Sarah Robbins and Karen Rupp-Serrano, Attribution- NonCommercial (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) CC BY-NC This follow-up study examines whether or not findings of single institution studies are applicable to other institutions by performing an institution-to- institution comparison of the results obtained from an information-seeking behavior survey sent to education faculty at twenty research institutions.
    keywords: faculty; information; institution; research; study
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        item: #4228 of 5668
          id: crl-16328
      author: Bishop, Bradley Wade; Bartlett, Jennifer A.
       title: Where Do We Go from Here? Informing Academic Library Staffing through Reference Transaction Analysis
        date: 2013-09-01
       words: 6817
      flesch: 48
     summary: The attribute of location questions comprised 72.8 percent of the total question transac- tions, and most of those were about library service and resources. What is the quantity of location- based questions asked on campus? 2.
    keywords: libraries; library; location; mobile; questions; reference; service; staff
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        item: #4229 of 5668
          id: crl-16331
      author: Maxwell, Lynne F.
       title: Tomas A. Lipinski. The Librarian’s Legal Companion for Licensing Information Resources and Services. Chicago: Neal-Schuman, 2013. 734p. paper, $130.00 (ISBN: 978-1-55570-610-4). LCCN: 2012-18173.
        date: 2013-09-01
       words: 1914
      flesch: 46
     summary: The authors conclude the chapter with a discussion about rare book libraries in the twenty-first century and the pros- pect of a bright future in these libraries. Rare Book Librarianship: An Introduction and Guide by Steven K. Galbraith and Geoffrey D. Smith marks one of the first handbooks published about rare book librarianship and rare books in over twenty years.
    keywords: book; licensing; rare
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        item: #4230 of 5668
          id: crl-16332
      author: Nash, Katie
       title: Steven K. Galbraith and Geoffrey D. Smith. Rare Book Librarianship: An Introduction and Guide. Santa Barbara: Libraries Unlimited, 2012. 185p. acid-free paper, $55.00 (ISBN 978-1-59158-881-8). LC 2012-012354.
        date: 2013-09-01
       words: 1941
      flesch: 52
     summary: This publication is also the first to include in- formation about the impact of digital tech- nologies and how new technologies relate to the management and maintenance of rare book collections. Rare Book Librarianship: An Introduction and Guide by Steven K. Galbraith and Geoffrey D. Smith marks one of the first handbooks published about rare book librarianship and rare books in over twenty years.
    keywords: book; chapter; rare
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        item: #4231 of 5668
          id: crl-16333
      author: Ring, Richard J.
       title: Past or Portal? Enhancing Undergraduate Learning through Special Collections and Archives. Eds. Eleanor Mitchell, Peggy Seiden, and Suzy Taraba. Chicago: American Library Association, 2012. 320p. $40.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8610-3). LC 2012-6254.
        date: 2013-09-01
       words: 1936
      flesch: 47
     summary: Specifically, the authors outline various constituencies that rare book librarians should develop working relationships with such as faculty, students, local communities, friends of the library, donors, and the development office. Book Reviews 525 Chapter 9 focuses on the complexities of copyright law and less about how copy- right relates to rare books.
    keywords: book; collections; rare
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        item: #4232 of 5668
          id: crl-16334
      author: Shelton, Mark E.
       title: Library Leadership in the United States and Europe: A Comparative Study of Academic and Public Libraries. Eds. Peter Hernon and Niels Ole Pors. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited, an imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2013. 231p. paper, $60.00 (ISBN 978-1-61069-126-0).
        date: 2013-09-01
       words: 1325
      flesch: 56
     summary: A chapter about the United Kingdom is much less about library leadership there and much more about leadership during a period of austerity. This is logi- cal, since both of the editors are highly respected scholars of library leadership and management, and much of the book looks at the library leadership landscape across two continents.
    keywords: book; leadership
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        item: #4233 of 5668
          id: crl-16335
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: Endings and Beginnings
        date: 2013-11-01
       words: 1274
      flesch: 33
     summary: C&RL will not be the first scholarly journal to move to a digital-only publish- ing model, and it will not be the first to embrace open access publishing, but it is still unusual to see a journal with the history and reputation that C&RL enjoys dive into the future of scholarly publishing with both feet. It has been six years since the Asso- ciation advanced its “Research Agenda for Scholarly Communication,” which included the call to promote research in ar- eas such as authorship, value metrics, and the adoption of successful innovations.2 As a print publication, C&RL provided a venue for disseminating the results of such research, including Malenfant’s study of scholarly communications services as an emergent component of the core respon- sibilities of liaison librarians, Nariani and Fernadez’s study of the factors influencing Endings and Beginnings authors’ decisions to publish (or to avoid publishing) in open access journals, and Walters and Linvill’s study of the characteristics of open ac- cess journals.3 Most recently, a study by Ramirez et.
    keywords: october; research
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        item: #4234 of 5668
          id: crl-16336
      author: Francis, Mary
       title: Peer Reviewers of Academic Journals: Who Is Responsible for Our Professional Literature
        date: 2013-11-01
       words: 4969
      flesch: 57
     summary: This article will take a look at this group of peer reviewers, to provide demographic data as well as understanding for the reasons individuals take on the duty of peer reviewer. Peer reviewers are a critical compo- nent of the scholarly publishing system.
    keywords: journals; library; peer; percent; reviewers
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        item: #4235 of 5668
          id: crl-16337
      author: Stone, Graham; Ramsden, Bryony
       title: Library Impact Data Project: Looking for the Link between Library Usage and Student Attainment
        date: 2013-11-01
       words: 7001
      flesch: 48
     summary: The Library Impact Data Project was a six-month project funded by Jisc and managed by the University of Huddersfield to investigate this hy- pothesis: “There is a statistically significant correlation across a number of universities between library activity data and student attainment.” Based on original research at the University of Huddersfield, which in- vestigated the non/low use of library resources, the Library Impact Data Project was a six-month project funded by Jisc to investigate the hypothesis that: “There is a statistically significant correlation across a number of universities between library activity data and student attain- ment.”
    keywords: data; library; project; resources; student; university; usage; use
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        item: #4236 of 5668
          id: crl-16338
      author: Berg, Selinda Adelle; Jacobs, Heidi LM; Cornwall, Dayna
       title: Academic Librarians and Research: A Study of Canadian Library Administrator Perspectives
        date: 2013-11-01
       words: 7504
      flesch: 37
     summary: Our study also confirms Fox’s 2007 finding that the “requirement for formal scholarship by Canadian research librarians appears to be a growing trend, and, yet, there are no commonly accepted norms for the appropriate balance between scholarship and other professional responsibilities.”27 Articulating formal requirements regard- ing research is clearly one area that needs work across Canada so that expectations for workload, promotion, and tenure are more transparent to all parties. The debate in the literature over fac- ulty status and research expectations for librarians is full of examples of obstacles that librarians face in the pursuit of scholarship.
    keywords: academic; expectations; librarians; library; research; study; uls
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        item: #4237 of 5668
          id: crl-16339
      author: Bryan, Jacalyn E.; Karshmer, Elana
       title: Assessment in the One-Shot Session: Using Pre- and Post-tests to Measure Innovative Instructional Strategies among First-Year Students
        date: 2013-11-01
       words: 6936
      flesch: 47
     summary: First, we wanted to compare the overall level of library skills before and after receiving library instruction. After reviewing best practices in library instruction and considering the issues that prompted the redesign of the SLU 100 library session—namely session uniformity, inclusion of active learning experiences, and effective use of available librarian teaching faculty— we developed a model that incorporated the ACRL In- formation Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education, the McREL instruc- tional strategies for effective teaching, and Gilchrist’s “assessment as learning” framework.
    keywords: group; library; post; students; test; visual
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        item: #4238 of 5668
          id: crl-16341
      author: Magi, Trina J.; Mardeusz, Patricia E.
       title: Why Some Students Continue to Value Individual, Face-to-Face Research Consultations in a Technology-Rich World
        date: 2013-11-01
       words: 7121
      flesch: 45
     summary: What kinds of assistance do librar- ians provide to students during research consultations? 4. Because this was an exploratory study to investigate what transpires during research consultations and to identify the ways in which consultations are valuable to students who use them, these themes are not reported in quantitative terms.
    keywords: consultations; face; librarian; reference; research; service; students
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        item: #4239 of 5668
          id: crl-16342
      author: Cyzyk, Mark
       title: Jeannette Woodward. The Transformed Library: E-books, Expertise, and Evolution. Chicago: ALA Editions, America Library Association, 2013. 131p. ISBN: 978-0-8389-1164-8. LCCN: 2012-23767.
        date: 2013-11-01
       words: 560
      flesch: 56
     summary: In the past six months I’ve had the plea- sure not only of working in a vibrant academic research library—a library that is anything but stodgy—but also of visiting, sitting, and reading in wonderful public library branches in Adams County, Pennsylvania, Worces- ter County, Maryland, and my home library system in Baltimore County, Maryland. The weakest chapters, in my opin- ion, were the ones having to do with academic libraries.
    keywords: library
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        item: #4240 of 5668
          id: crl-16343
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: David McKitterick. Old Books, New Technologies: The Representation, Conservation, and Transformation of Books since 1700. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 286p. (ISBN: 978-1-107-03593-5). LCCN: 2012-38444.
        date: 2013-11-01
       words: 1317
      flesch: 52
     summary: The history of the transmission and evaluation of old books is itself the record of shifting approaches to these artifacts. The questions that interest McKitterick and drive his narrative involve the ways in which collectors, book sellers, and in- stitutional caretakers conserved, restored, studied, and copied old books during the past three centuries.
    keywords: books; mckitterick
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        item: #4241 of 5668
          id: crl-16347
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: Re-Introducing College & Research Libraries: Do We Still Need “Another Library Journal”?
        date: 2014-01-01
       words: 1134
      flesch: 20
     summary: Moreover, he noted (quoting Robert Maynard Hutchins), there was a general lack of research available on higher education and a need, given the central role of the library on campus, for a journal that would promote research into its unique challenges, its operations, and its contributions to teaching, learning, and scholarship.1 Seventy-five years later, there are still concerns about the state of research in higher education, but there are now many venues for the dissemination of such research, including research into the academic and research library.2 Indeed, the study of core journals in Library and Information Science available in this is- sue demonstrates how far we have come since Kuhlman surveyed a field providing few opportunities for the promotion and dissemination of research in academic librarianship.
    keywords: journal; research
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        item: #4242 of 5668
          id: crl-16348
      author: Duy, Joanna; Larivière, Vincent
       title: Relationships between Interlibrary Loan and Research Activity in Canada
        date: 2014-01-01
       words: 8126
      flesch: 36
     summary: Similarly, a majority of un- dergraduate ILL users were found to have placed their requests through OpenURL link resolvers at Minnesota State Univer- sity, Mankato,25 and a significant positive correlation between institutions that had link resolvers and ILL borrowing activity was found in a large-scale recent study of academic libraries.26 Mak found an increase of ILL activity among Association of Research Libraries institutions between 1974 and 2008, and she notes the importance of self-service, discovery, and integration for effective re- source sharing: “while it would be easy to discount convenience as a driving factor, the integration of discovery and request- ing allows the user to pursue their train of thought, largely uninterrupted by the request process.”27 However, most researchers working on this topic found a positive correlation between library collections and ILL borrowing activity, indicating that the larger a library’s collec- tion size, the higher their ILL borrowing activity, a correlation which is perhaps counterintuitive.
    keywords: activity; borrowing; ill; ill borrowing; interlibrary; libraries; loan; research; university
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        item: #4243 of 5668
          id: crl-16349
      author: Lapinski, P. Scott; Osterbur, David; Parker, Joshua; McCray, Alexa T.
       title: Supporting Public Access to Research Results
        date: 2014-01-01
       words: 7064
      flesch: 42
     summary: This policy, known as the NIH Public Access Policy, implements a section of Public Law 110-161 and states: The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall require that all investigators funded by the NIH submit or have sub- mitted for them to the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed Central an electronic version of their final, peer-reviewed manu- scripts upon acceptance for publication, to be made publicly available no later than 12 months after the official date of publication: Provided, That the NIH shall implement the public access policy in a manner consistent with copyright law.1 The rationale for this law is two-fold: 1) since NIH supported research is ulti- mately funded by the public, the public has the right to have access to the results of that research, and 2) since the NIH has an obligation to monitor and promote the research that it funds, with the primary goal of advancing science and improv- ing human health, it needs to collect and archive the publications that result from that research. We were invited to present our results to NIH staff at a summer 2009 PubMed Central meeting at the NIH, and this led to an expanded collaboration with the NIH Office of Extramural Research.
    keywords: access; harvard; nih; open; policy; public; pubmed; research; scholarly
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        item: #4244 of 5668
          id: crl-16350
      author: Nolen, David S.
       title: Publication and Language Trends of References in Spanish and Latin American Literature
        date: 2014-01-01
       words: 8229
      flesch: 44
     summary: Several of Cullars’ reference studies deserve special attention because of the way he recorded language data for each project. In Cullars’ 1992 study of the reference patterns in fine arts mono- graphs, English was the primary language of references, although sources in German and several Romance languages made up nearly 38 percent of all references.21 Two recent studies of very specific ar- eas within the humanities have reported language data that is relevant.
    keywords: data; language; monographs; presses; references; scholarly
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        item: #4245 of 5668
          id: crl-16351
      author: Dodds, Kathrin; Callender, Donell; Henry, Cynthia
       title: Making a Case for Technology in Academia
        date: 2014-01-01
       words: 7078
      flesch: 56
     summary: The Texas Tech researchers have already incorporated iPad technology into their teaching, research, and daily use. It was determined that the best way to gather initial information on iPad use and perception is by online survey.
    keywords: classroom; faculty; focus; ipad; students; technology; use
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        item: #4246 of 5668
          id: crl-16353
      author: Kachaluba, Sarah Buck; Brady, Jessica Evans; Critten, Jessica
       title: Developing Humanities Collections in the Digital Age: Exploring Humanities Faculty Engagement with Electronic and Print Resources
        date: 2014-01-01
       words: 8652
      flesch: 45
     summary: Follow up (if needed for additional info): The aspects I like best about electronic resources are… The aspects I like best about print resources are… Developing Humanities Collections in the Digital Age We invited 200 faculty members in the departments of Anthropology, Art History, Classics, English, Modern Languages, Philosophy, Religion, and History to complete a sur- vey that aimed to gather demographic data about humanities faculty at FSU and learn whether such faculty preferred print or electronic research resources, as well as more about how such faculty interact with print or electronic research resources (see Appendix A for Survey Questions).
    keywords: electronic; faculty; humanities; materials; print; research; resources; survey
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        item: #4247 of 5668
          id: crl-16354
      author: Otto, Jane Johnson
       title: University Faculty Describe Their Use of Moving Images in Teaching and Learning and Their Perceptions of the Library’s Role in That Use
        date: 2014-03-01
       words: 15719
      flesch: 49
     summary: acquisitions.3 This paper reports findings from a discussion forum, survey, and interviews crl12-399 116 College & Research Libraries March 2014 with teaching faculty about their use of moving images in coursework and re- search and the library’s role in that use. At Rutgers University Libraries (RUL), moving images are a focus of techni- cal and public services and technology development.
    keywords: catalog; faculty; images; learning; libraries; library; media; moving; research; rutgers; students; studies; teaching; use; video
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        item: #4248 of 5668
          id: crl-16356
      author: Bodemer, Brett B.
       title: They CAN and They SHOULD: Undergraduates Providing Peer Reference and Instruction
        date: 2014-03-01
       words: 9328
      flesch: 46
     summary: A 2007 review of studies discussing the desired character- istics of student peer mentors in higher education found the following to be the most frequently considered descriptors: communication skills (35%); supportive- ness (30%); trustworthiness (30%); ability, willingness to commit time (26%); and Undergraduates Providing Peer Reference and Instruction 165 empathy (24%).23 Many of these overlap with the qualities that students desire in a teacher, identified in a 2009 article as enthusiasm, empathy, communicating effectively, identifying important ideas, giving good examples, and connecting material to real life.24 Peer providers who bring these quali- ties are not only able to connect material to real life, but, having gained expertise and confidence in providing reference, can model these traits in delivering in- struction. A peer can talk with students about relationship violence, parking tickets, study skills, self-advocacy, library resources, and mo- tivating a resistant student organization, in ways even the most knowledgeable professionals cannot.”2 Academic libraries would be remiss in not seeking to harness peer learning dynamics to enhance student learning and success.
    keywords: information; instruction; learning; library; peer; peer reference; program; reference; research; sessions; students; undergraduates
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        item: #4249 of 5668
          id: crl-16357
      author: Scarletto, Edith A.
       title: Mapping the Literature of GIS
        date: 2014-03-01
       words: 9982
      flesch: 49
     summary: Determining a usable core list of GIS journals is a difficult endeavor and depends heavily on intended purpose of the final list. Gatrell and Smith17 looked at journal citation networks using a set of twenty-two journals in geography to determine how journals were repre- sented in the citations of others on the list.
    keywords: citation; geography; gis; journal; literature; research; science; study; zone
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        item: #4250 of 5668
          id: crl-16358
      author: Aharony, Noa
       title: Mobile Libraries: Librarians’ and Students’ Perspectives
        date: 2014-03-01
       words: 7224
      flesch: 49
     summary: Taking into consideration these mobile devices and their impact on our daily life, the ques- tion arises whether those in the Library and Information Science (LIS) community (both librarians and students) are ready to adopt mobile library services. In another study, Walsh investigated students’ atti- tudes and use of mobile library services and found that they did not view text messaging from the library as intrusive.
    keywords: librarians; library; mobile; mobile technology; students; technology; use
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        item: #4251 of 5668
          id: crl-16359
      author: Pickett, Carmelita; Tabacaru, Simona; Harrell, Jeanne
       title: E-Approval Plans in Research Libraries
        date: 2014-03-01
       words: 7677
      flesch: 42
     summary: There are relatively few studies that specifically address the implementation of e-book approval plans in research libraries. Recent library literature suggests that e-book approval plans are gaining momentum in academic institu- tions but are still in developmental stages.
    keywords: approval; approval plan; book; libraries; library; plan; print; research
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        item: #4252 of 5668
          id: crl-16360
      author: Adams, Nancy E.
       title: A Comparison of Evidence-Based Practice and the ACRL Information Literacy Standards: Implications for Information Literacy Practice
        date: 2014-03-01
       words: 9430
      flesch: 38
     summary: While the concept of values is present in the Standards, Harris points out that the relationship between values and information literacy is largely overlooked by IL educators in practice and that there is little guidance offered by the Standards or its accompanying guide, Objectives for Information Literacy: A Model Statement for Academic Libraries47as to how to teach or assess learners in this area.48 Assess: 5. Andrew Booth, “Provocative and Stimulating—But EBLIP (and Information Literacy) Are Moving Targets!”
    keywords: acrl; ebp; evidence; information; information literacy; librarians; literacy; practice; research; standards
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        item: #4253 of 5668
          id: crl-16363
      author: Cook, Jean Marie
       title: A Library Credit Course and Student Success Rates: A Longitudinal Study
        date: 2014-05-01
       words: 6478
      flesch: 62
     summary: In these three cases (2000, 2001, and 2006), the high school GPA for library students was actually higher than those without the class. While no study can ever prove that the reason a specific student graduated was because he or she took a certain class or attended a certain library workshop, by gathering together an increasing number of suggestive correlative studies, libraries can begin to establish their place in each student’s success. fact, the overall 2 percent increase in high school GPAs for library students becomes an overall 2 percent decrease in college graduation GPAs.
    keywords: course; library; students
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        item: #4254 of 5668
          id: crl-16364
      author: Imler, Bonnie; Eichelberger, Michelle
       title: Commercial Database Design vs. Library Terminology Comprehension: Why Do Students Print Abstracts Instead of Full-Text Articles?
        date: 2014-05-01
       words: 7042
      flesch: 54
     summary: The study revealed that more than half of the students correctly defined the term “Abstract” and over 75 percent understood “full text.” It was observed in the previous study that students who successfully followed the SFX links from Proquest to the citation/ abstract page of a different database were then unsuccessful in identifying the loca- tion of the full text of the article, often marked by the words “Full Text” or a PDF symbol.23
    keywords: article; authors; database; library; students; study; text
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        item: #4255 of 5668
          id: crl-16365
      author: Kulp, Christina; McCain, Cheryl; Scrivener, Laurie
       title: Teaching Outside the Box: ARL Librarians’ Integration of the “One-Box” into Student Instruction
        date: 2014-05-01
       words: 5976
      flesch: 55
     summary: Four of the interviewees noted the value of offering students a simple, Google-like search option that will help them access the library’s resources, while three respondents believed the one-box either sends the wrong message that library research is easy, or fails to make library research easier. Of the 202 respondents who selected options from the provided list (those who did not select from the list or only gave an “Other” response were not included in the numerical analysis), the three most often selected reasons for teaching the one-box were “it’s a good way to get students to use the library’s resources” (107, 53%), “the one-box makes library research more intuitive to Google users” (95, 47%), and “it provides ‘good enough’ results” (94, 46.5%).
    keywords: box; librarians; library; search; students
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        item: #4256 of 5668
          id: crl-16366
      author: Chow, Anthony S.; Croxton, Rebecca A.
       title: A Usability Evaluation of Academic Virtual Reference Services
        date: 2014-05-01
       words: 19449
      flesch: 52
     summary: Several studies suggest the success of virtual reference services does not depend solely on the quality of the service but may also be dependent upon funding, volume of reference questions, staffing levels, hardware and software issues, and institutional culture.5 Further, many library patrons are not aware that virtual reference services are available.6 While many elements contribute to a person’s experience using a virtual refer- ence service, a significant yet often over- looked factor is the overall usability of the digital services. Fifteen participants asked questions virtually at University A, while 16 partici- pants asked virtual reference questions at University B. Questions were asked using the five virtual reference services (e-mail, telephone, online chat, text mes- saging, and online videoconferencing) as illustrated in table 1.
    keywords: hours nmlkj; mail nmlkj; minutes nmlkj; nmlkj nmlkj; question; reference; satisfaction survey; survey; telephone nmlkj; usability
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        item: #4257 of 5668
          id: crl-16367
      author: Xia, Jingfeng; Wang, Minglu
       title: Competencies and Responsibilities of Social Science Data Librarians: An Analysis of Job Descriptions
        date: 2014-05-01
       words: 11368
      flesch: 31
     summary: cademic libraries have long had individuals responsible for social science data services, providing access to govern- ment and other types of data. © 2014 Jingfeng Xia and Minglu Wang, Attribution-NonCommercial (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) CC BY-NC This study examines job announcements for social science data librarians and professionals to identify trends in the profession.
    keywords: analysis; data; job; management; research; responsibilities; science; science data; services; social; social science
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        item: #4258 of 5668
          id: crl-16369
      author: Hazen, Dan
       title: Researching Library Support for International Studies: Successes to Celebrate, Goal Posts to Move
        date: 2014-07-01
       words: 1856
      flesch: 33
     summary: For one high-profile example, the following broad recommendations emerged from the “Global Dimensions of Scholarship and Research Libraries: A Forum on the Future” that took place at Duke University in 2012: • Aggressively pursue broad digital access to international information resources; • Internationalize research library services and perspectives; • Broaden and internationalize library collaborations. The library’s specialized Slavic Reference Service, in particular, highlights the value of integrated ini- tiatives that combine collections with other services including reference and discovery.3 Another noteworthy category of research on international collections delves into the size and diversity of foreign holdings among North American research libraries.
    keywords: collections; international; library; research
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        item: #4259 of 5668
          id: crl-16370
      author: Hensley, Merinda Kaye; Shreeves, Sarah L.; Davis-Kahl, Stephanie
       title: A Survey of Library Support for Formal Undergraduate Research Programs
        date: 2014-07-01
       words: 9431
      flesch: 34
     summary: Survey results will aid libraries and librarians by benchmarking the current state of library services to undergraduate research programs and will inform the next stage of our research: examining best practices and strategies for library support of undergraduate research programs. The results of this research fill a gap in both the library and education literature, provide critical background data for libraries wishing to build support for undergraduate research programs, and suggest a foundation for further research into an underexplored area. ince the publication of “Reinventing Undergraduate Education: A Blueprint for America’s Research Universities,”1 universities have worked to develop and strengthen inquiry-based curricula for undergraduates that is aligned with faculty members’ scholarly and creative efforts.
    keywords: formal; libraries; library; programs; research; support; survey; undergraduate; undergraduate research
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        item: #4260 of 5668
          id: crl-16372
      author: Sassen, Catherine; Wahl, Diane
       title: Fostering Research and Publication in Academic Libraries
        date: 2014-07-01
       words: 16846
      flesch: 41
     summary: This study concerns administrative support provided to encourage the research and publishing activities of academic librarians working in As- sociation of Research Libraries member libraries. Finally, 31 percent of all libraries had library research committees, as opposed to 67 percent of the libraries with faculty status.
    keywords: academic; faculty; gfedc; libraries; library; nmlkj; publication; research; research libraries; support; time
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        item: #4261 of 5668
          id: crl-16373
      author: Kandiuk, Mary
       title: Promoting Racial and Ethnic Diversity among Canadian Academic Librarians
        date: 2014-07-01
       words: 20769
      flesch: 35
     summary: The largest race/ethnic identity represented among visible minority librarians, as is illustrated in table 1, was Chinese. According to Lee, “[a]s of 2004, there were fewer than 25 Aboriginal librarians (with master’s degrees in library and information studies) in Canada (8Rs Research Team: University of Alberta, which provided me with raw data they had collected).”27 Meanwhile, the total labour force that identified as Aboriginal in 2006 was 517,375—approximately 3 percent.28 Mirroring the geographical distribution of the visible minority population in Canada, the greatest concentration of visible minority librarians was found in or around urban centres, with Toronto reporting the high- est number of visible minority librarians (approximately 37% of the national pool; n = 425), followed by Vancouver (ap- proximately 17%; n = 195), and Montreal (approximately 10%; n = 120).
    keywords: academic librarians; diversity surveycanadian; equity; gfedc; librarians diversity; library; minority; nmlkj nmlkj; respondents; surveycanadian academic; visible
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        item: #4262 of 5668
          id: crl-16374
      author: Antell, Karen; Foote, Jody Bales; Turner, Jaymie; Shults, Brian
       title: Dealing with Data: Science Librarians’ Participation in Data Management at Association of Research Libraries Institutions
        date: 2014-07-01
       words: 8173
      flesch: 50
     summary: This has prompted many academic libraries to work more actively than before in data management, and sci- ence librarians in particular are uniquely poised to step into new roles to meet researchers’ data management needs. The study also explores the roles and respon- sibilities, both new and traditional, that science librarians have assumed related to data management, and the skills that science librarians believe are necessary to meet the demands of data management work.
    keywords: data; data management; librarians; management; research; science; skills
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        item: #4263 of 5668
          id: crl-16375
      author: Dougan, Kirstin
       title: “YouTube Has Changed Everything”? Music Faculty, Librarians, and Their Use and Perceptions of YouTube
        date: 2014-07-01
       words: 7008
      flesch: 51
     summary: • Are there differences in YouTube use/perceptions between faculty members at different points in their careers? crl13-471doi:10.5860/crl.75.4.575 576 College & Research Libraries July 2014 • How do faculty member and music librarian perceptions of the usefulness of and concerns about You Tube differ? While this survey gathered data about YouTube use by faculty in subdisciplines such as music theory, ethnomusicology, con- ducting, and performance areas, discussion and analysis of those data will be reported in a separate article in the music literature.
    keywords: concerned; faculty; librarians; library; music; use; youtube
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        item: #4264 of 5668
          id: crl-16376
      author: Mitchell, Julie; Soini, Nathalie
       title: Student Involvement for Student Success: Student Staff in the Learning Commons
        date: 2014-07-01
       words: 9901
      flesch: 45
     summary: Training student staff effectively is fundamental to the success of a learning commons service point, where students are often the primary contact with patrons. Extensive research supports that these freshman seminar courses help with student retention and academic success.40 Despite the emphasis in the literature on the importance of training student staff and peer leaders, the value of investing librarian time in training students may be overlooked by academic libraries in practice.
    keywords: commons; learning; learning commons; peer; staff; student; student staff; survey; training
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        item: #4265 of 5668
          id: crl-16377
      author: Neal, James G.
       title: A New Age of Reason for Academic Libraries
        date: 2014-09-01
       words: 1929
      flesch: 33
     summary: ”5 The ARL process used a 2033 timeframe to predict long-term changes and an evolutionary path for research libraries. Guest Editorial 612 Editor’s Note: Speculating on the future (and possible demise) of libraries of all types has been a popular topic in various media and the apocalyptic theme running through recent work can be found in an April 2014 story appearing in Slate, entitled “What Will Become of the Library?”
    keywords: libraries; library; new; research
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        item: #4266 of 5668
          id: crl-16379
      author: Leeder, Chris; Lonn, Steven
       title: Faculty Usage of Library Tools in a Learning Management System
        date: 2014-09-01
       words: 10268
      flesch: 52
     summary: N There is no incentive to use LMS library tools 3.2 180 2.9 29 I/instructors need greater technical support to use LMS library tools 2.8 181 3.1 29 Using LMS library tools has little connection to my instructor’s course(s) 3.3 180 2.6 29 None of my/instructor This study investigated these questions through analysis of aggregated log data from the LMS and an online survey of faculty users, nonusers, and librarians and produced recommendations for encouraging wider adoption and effective usage of LMS library tools.
    keywords: course; faculty; library; library tools; lms; role; tools
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        item: #4267 of 5668
          id: crl-16380
      author: Page, Jessica R.; Moberly, Heather K.; Youngen, Gregory K.; Hamel, Barbara J.
       title: Exploring the Veterinary Literature: A Bibliometric Methodology for Identifying Interdisciplinary and Collaborative Publications
        date: 2014-09-01
       words: 7195
      flesch: 38
     summary: Overall, 56 percent of the articles in the study were published in core veterinary journals. Bubble chart shows the proportion of articles published by each CVM in core veterinary journals and other journals.
    keywords: articles; college; cvm; data; journals; medicine; research; state; univ; university; veterinary
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        item: #4268 of 5668
          id: crl-16381
      author: Tyler, David C.; Melvin, Joyce C.; Epp, MaryLou; Kreps, Anita M.
       title: Don’t Fear the Reader: Librarian versus Interlibrary Loan Patron-Driven Acquisition of Print Books at an Academic Library by Relative Collecting Level and by Library of Congress Classes and Subclasses
        date: 2014-09-01
       words: 13369
      flesch: 32
     summary: Do PDA patrons purchase books or spend collection dollars such that their subject profile, as expressed via LC classes/subclasses, is dissimilar from librar- ians’ subject profile? The entirety of the early PDA literature on print materials that has addressed the question of PDA and circulation has concluded that PDA books circulate more than do books acquired via traditional acquisition channels.49
    keywords: acquisitions; books; collection; demand; librarians; library; patron; pda; year
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        item: #4269 of 5668
          id: crl-16382
      author: Foasberg, Nancy M.
       title: Student Reading Practices in Print and Electronic Media
        date: 2014-09-01
       words: 10426
      flesch: 56
     summary: Thus, the diaries are not a per- fect record of student reading, but they capture day-to-day activity much better than a survey asking about students’ general impression of their reading activity would. on what kinds of reading students could best do with e-reader devices.33 Mokhtari et al. used diaries to examine how students split up their time among academic reading, leisure reading, television, and Internet use, while Huang revisited this question with a larger sample size and greater awareness of social media.34 Because reading and writing are every- day activities in which individuals engage on a regular basis, a diary study can be a very effective way to capture patterns that may not be obvious to the participants.
    keywords: academic; college; electronic; online; participants; print; reading; students; study; use
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        item: #4270 of 5668
          id: crl-16383
      author: Galbraith, Quinn; Smart, Elizabeth; Smith, Sara D.; Reed, Megan
       title: Who Publishes in Top-Tier Library Science Journals? An Analysis by Faculty Status and Tenure
        date: 2014-09-01
       words: 6281
      flesch: 44
     summary: However, we cannot conclude that the publishing rates are different between faculty statuses because we do not know what percent of the population of academic librarians have faculty status and tenure-track positions and what percent have faculty status but no tenure-track appointment. This study finds that 76% of academic librarians publishing in top-tier library science journals have faculty status.
    keywords: faculty; journals; librarians; library; status
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        item: #4271 of 5668
          id: crl-16384
      author: Strittmatter, Connie; Bratton, Virginia K.
       title: Plagiarism Awareness among Students: Assessing Integration of Ethics Theory into Library Instruction
        date: 2014-09-01
       words: 8773
      flesch: 42
     summary: In conclusion, this research underscores the significance of plagiarism instruction on student perceptions of academic ethics. The study hypothesizes: • H1: Students will exhibit higher perceptions of multidimensional ethics when evaluating plagiarism scenarios after library plagiarism instruction.
    keywords: ethical; ethics; instruction; library; library instruction; plagiarism; posttest; students
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        item: #4272 of 5668
          id: crl-16385
      author: Hoyer, Jennifer
       title: Information Literacy Instruction that Works: A Guide to Teaching by Discipline and Student Population, 2nd ed. Ed. Patrick Ragains. Chicago: Neal-Schuman, 2013.
        date: 2014-09-01
       words: 1795
      flesch: 42
     summary: For example, history students may empha- size primary or secondary sources (169); music students will need to use scores and sound recordings (159); anthropologists will be interested in ethnographies (201); business students will need to familiarize themselves with many sources that are not scholarly (265). Part one of Information Literacy Instruc- tion that Works gives a brief history of information literacy instruction.
    keywords: information; instruction; literacy
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        item: #4273 of 5668
          id: crl-16386
      author: Kosavic, Andrea
       title: Robert Spoo. Without Copyrights: Piracy, Publishing, and the Public Domain. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 384 p. Paper, $35.00 (ISBN: 978-0-19-992787-6). LC 2012-040019.
        date: 2014-09-01
       words: 1420
      flesch: 58
     summary: We learn that the first U.S. federal copyright act of 1790 allows no copyright protection for foreign texts, and that the 1891 Chace International Copyright Act enables foreign authors to claim copyright protection with the caveat of a prohibitive U.S. manufactur- ing requirement. Without Copyrights: Piracy, Publishing, and the Public Domain.
    keywords: copyright; spoo
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        item: #4274 of 5668
          id: crl-16388
      author: Harrington, Marni R.; Marshall, Elizabeth
       title: Analyses of Mentoring Expectations, Activities, and Support in Canadian Academic Libraries
        date: 2014-11-01
       words: 12031
      flesch: 35
     summary: Although currently not well-supported by academic administrators, this research shows that mentoring programs could be sustainable. Practical information from this research will guide aca- demic library practitioners in current mentoring relationships, and library leaders can extrapolate results to support planning and implementation of mentoring programs.
    keywords: academic; administrators; college; important; librarians; library; mentoring; new; research; university
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        item: #4275 of 5668
          id: crl-16389
      author: O’Neill, Edward T.; Gammon, Julia A.
       title: Consortial Book Circulation Patterns: The OCLC-OhioLINK Study
        date: 2014-11-01
       words: 8165
      flesch: 53
     summary: One early pioneer in studying library collection usage was Richard Trueswell, whose work in the 1960s identified the 80/20 rule, which was first applied to industry and warehousing, and eventually applied to libraries.7 His theory that 80 percent of the usage can be covered by 20 percent of the collection has been a standard assumption among librarians for many years. However, since there were 36 copies available in various OhioLINK libraries, the average annual per item circulation was only 3.53.
    keywords: books; circulation; collection; item; libraries; library; ohiolink; use
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        item: #4276 of 5668
          id: crl-16390
      author: Ramírez, Marisa L.; McMillan, Gail; Dalton, Joan T.; Hanlon, Ann; Smith, Heather S.; Kern, Chelsea
       title: Do Open Access Electronic Theses and Dissertations Diminish Publishing Opportunities in the Sciences?
        date: 2014-11-01
       words: 6340
      flesch: 43
     summary: 0.0% Ocean Science 25 10 0.400 3 30.0% Physics 52 21 0.396 –2 6 31.6% Psychology 5 2 0.400 2 100% Transportation 5 2 0.400 0 0.0% Veterinary 4 2 0.500 0 0.0% Total 715 300 — (10) 72 24.8% * % of Respondents by Stratum was calculated by subtracting Out of Scope Respondents from Sample Size and dividing the difference into Respondents by Stratum TABLE 3 Journals by Country of Origin Country # (%) Australia 1 (1%) The current study investigated science journal policies on open access ETDs and found that more than half of the science journals responding (51.4%) reported that manuscripts derived from openly accessible ETDs are welcome for submission and an additional 29.1 percent would accept revised ETDs under certain conditions.
    keywords: access; etds; journals; research; respondents; science; study
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        item: #4277 of 5668
          id: crl-16391
      author: Ondrusek, Anita L.; Thiele, Harold E.; Yang, Changwoo
       title: Writing Abstracts for MLIS Research Proposals Using Worked Examples: An Innovative Approach to Teaching the Elements of Research Design
        date: 2014-11-01
       words: 8596
      flesch: 44
     summary: Zhu and Simon substituted worked examples for lectures and other classroom activities in physics problem-solving among college students with promising results in knowledge acquisition.21 Owen and Sweller found that students learned solutions to algebra problems, made fewer errors, and required less time to solve test problems similar to those presented to them in worked examples.22 In follow-up studies, stu- dent performances demonstrated that the use of worked examples could substitute for extended instruction and practice in solving algebra problems.23 A review of the worked example literature concluded that worked examples “promote the type of flexible transfer that educators are seeking in their classroom[s].”24 The worked examples used in mathematics and science have been described as classical worked examples. Using typical worked examples, the students learn the descriptive elements more readily than the compositional elements, and composition, or rhetorical skills, improve through the confluence of worked examples along with other interventions.42 Improvement of those rhetorical skills appeared not to be amenable to significant change during a short exposure to worked examples.
    keywords: abstracts; examples; exposure; learning; research; students; study; worked; writing
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        item: #4278 of 5668
          id: crl-16392
      author: Thompson, Cheryl A.; Davenport Robertson, W.; Greenberg, Jane
       title: Where Have All the Scientific Data Gone? LIS Perspective on the Data-At-Risk Predicament
        date: 2014-11-01
       words: 8317
      flesch: 54
     summary: 843 While the scientific process produces vast amounts of research data, often these data are not archived or inventoried properly, resulting in data at risk. Francine Berman further advocates for a census of research data to plan for data preservation.22 Efforts need to be directed toward understanding nondigital, fragile research data that are vital to the future of science.
    keywords: available; box; data; digital; information; preservation; research; risk; survey; text
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        item: #4279 of 5668
          id: crl-16395
      author: Bailey, Kieren
       title: Frederick Stielow. Reinventing the Library for Online Education. Chicago: ALA Editions, American Library Association, 2014. 328p. Paper, $75.00 (ISBN 978.-8389-1208-9). LC 2013-028022.
        date: 2014-11-01
       words: 1266
      flesch: 59
     summary: The Accidental Law Librarian purports to be the “first comprehensive, non-scholarly book on law libraries in 20-plus years” written for those librarians who have been thrust into law librarianship. The chapter concludes with a historical discussion of modern legal publishing and the impact of rising publication costs on law library collections.
    keywords: book; chapter
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        item: #4280 of 5668
          id: crl-16396
      author: Lemmer, Catherine A.
       title: Anthony Aycock. The Accidental Law Librarian. Medford, NJ: Information Today, Inc., 2013. 247p. $39.50 (ISBN 9781573874779). LC 2013008051
        date: 2014-11-01
       words: 1002
      flesch: 52
     summary: In Chapters 4 through 8, Aycock focuses on how the work of law librarians is done. This section concludes by noting that the work performed by law librarians will go well beyond the usual conception of legal research as librarians in firms seek personal and company information to support competitive intelligence as well as client-based legal work.
    keywords: chapter; law
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        item: #4281 of 5668
          id: crl-16397
      author: Elmborg, James; Walter, Scott
       title: Critical Thinking About “Getting Research Published” in College & Research Libraries
        date: 2015-01-01
       words: 2164
      flesch: 38
     summary: Library research needs to become much more open to critical theory as one part of the broad range of research approaches that can help us imagine the future of library practices. C&RL has published many excellent studies of information literacy instruction and as- sessment over the past decade, and our IS colleagues are faced with a difficult decision each year choosing one publication from the wealth of journal articles, book chapters, and books produced on this essential subject of study, but it strikes us as notable that not a single study published in C&RL has been selected for this recognition during a decade when the scholarship has blossomed under renewed focus and benefited from new methodologies for research on teaching and learning in libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library; research
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        item: #4282 of 5668
          id: crl-16398
      author: Bailey, Timothy P.; Scott, Amanda L.; Best, Rickey D.
       title: Cost Differentials between E-Books and Print in Academic Libraries
        date: 2015-01-01
       words: 7562
      flesch: 53
     summary: Among these pricing models is the purchase of a collection of e-book titles at a substantial discount. After implementing a PDA program at California State University-Fullerton, Wil- liam Breitbach and Joy Lambert found that the average purchase price for e-book titles purchased through the program was $73.93.
    keywords: books; libraries; library; price; print; titles; university
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        item: #4283 of 5668
          id: crl-16399
      author: Klipfel, Kevin Michael
       title: Authenticity and Learning: Implications for Reference Librarianship and Information Literacy Instruction
        date: 2015-01-01
       words: 7063
      flesch: 42
     summary: Motivation is an important consideration for educa- tors because the extent that students are motivated impacts the degree to which they learn.34 Student engagement has been demonstrated to contribute to student learning as measured by the grades students receive, their general knowledge acquisition, and intellectual development more broadly.35 Much of the literature on autonomy support in educational psychology has stressed the importance for student motivation of providing students with autonomous choices and autonomous control over their learning.36 Assor, Kaplan, and Roth are somewhat unique in the current literature, however, in recognizing the importance of providing students with choices that are deemed by the students to be authentic. Exactly how to do this is a practical question of fundamental importance for library educators interested in increasing student learning.
    keywords: authentic; authenticity; learning; psychology; reference; research; rogers; self; students
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        item: #4284 of 5668
          id: crl-16401
      author: Lundrigan, Courtney; Manuel, Kevin; Yan, May
       title: “Pretty Rad”: Explorations in User Satisfaction with a Discovery Layer at Ryerson University
        date: 2015-01-01
       words: 8674
      flesch: 50
     summary: They may include, but are not limited to, comparisons between Summon users and those who used other academic search tools, such as Google Scholar or particular databases. q Professor/Instructor q Ryerson University Library q Other Library (Toronto Public, U of T, York U, etc.)
    keywords: easy; library; research; resources; satisfaction; search; summon; use
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        item: #4285 of 5668
          id: crl-16402
      author: Kingma, Bruce; McClure, Kathleen
       title: Lib-Value: Values, Outcomes, and Return on Investment of Academic Libraries, Phase III: ROI of the Syracuse University Library
        date: 2015-01-01
       words: 8260
      flesch: 54
     summary: This paper adds to the base of empirical research about academic library value, library contribution to institutional outcomes, and assessment using the Lib-Value CV method. Furthermore, which areas of library service provide the most value per dollar spent?
    keywords: academic; faculty; libraries; library; research; students; university; value
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        item: #4286 of 5668
          id: crl-16404
      author: Koufogiannakis, Denise
       title: Determinants of Evidence Use in Academic Librarian Decision Making
        date: 2015-01-01
       words: 8366
      flesch: 50
     summary: This paper focuses on that objective and the findings that arose specifically relating to both obstacles and enablers of evidence use in decision making by academic librarians. Since it was found that the obstacles and enablers mirror one another, they have been grouped together thematically according to the basic element that encapsulates the general concept as a determinant of evidence use in decision making.
    keywords: academic; decision; evidence; librarian; making; research; use
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        item: #4287 of 5668
          id: crl-16405
      author: Johnson, Kelli
       title: The Quality Infrastructure: Measuring, Analyzing, and Improving Library Services. Edited by Sarah Anne Murphy. Chicago: American Library Association, 2014. 200p. Paper, $60.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-1173-0). LC 2013-5034.
        date: 2015-01-01
       words: 993
      flesch: 39
     summary: To accomplish this, librarians and library administrators need to adequately assess library services. As several of the book’s contributors discuss, academic libraries are faced with declining budgets and the need to justify to administrators what librarians do.
    keywords: assessment; library
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        item: #4288 of 5668
          id: crl-16406
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: Marching On
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 609
      flesch: 37
     summary: We will continue to take advantage of the opportunity to highlight ACRL initiatives and programs with a research focus in future special issues, including one scheduled for publication in March 2016 on the Assessment in Action program (http://www.ala.org/acrl/AiA). While the time between acceptance and publication in C&RL once ranged between 16–20 months, there are articles appearing in this month’s issue less than 12 months from their date of acceptance.
    keywords: c&rl
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        item: #4289 of 5668
          id: crl-16408
      author: Schadl, Suzanne M.; Todeschini, Marina
       title: Cite Globally, Analyze Locally: Citation Analysis from a Local Latin American Studies Perspective
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 6960
      flesch: 39
     summary: Portuguese-Language Book Usage Dissertations from five departments—History, Latin American Studies, Anthropology, Political Science, and the Department of Spanish and Portuguese—include Portuguese- language book citations. When taken in sum, these data reflect broad usage and substantiate the expenditures on Latin American books and journals.
    keywords: american; citations; dissertations; language; latin; portuguese; research; spanish; studies
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        item: #4290 of 5668
          id: crl-16411
      author: Wilkinson, Frances C.
       title: Emotional Intelligence in Library Disaster Response Assistance Teams: Which Competencies Emerged?
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 9338
      flesch: 43
     summary: Library disasters come in many forms, including such events as floods, fires, earthquakes, hurricanes, vandalism, workplace violence, and so forth, with damage from water or moisture being among the most frequently experienced.1 Since the infamous library fire that destroyed much of the Alexandria Library in Egypt in approximately 48 BCE, numerous other disasters have befallen libraries—and they seem to be increasingly prevalent.2 Librarians are very likely to have to respond to a disaster during their careers. Literature Review General Writings Most of the literature on the topic of library disasters was written in the last twenty years and consists of informative and useful experience-based practitioner literature, 190 College & Research Libraries March 2015 but these books and articles are generally not based on empirical research.
    keywords: disaster; emotional; emotional intelligence; intelligence; libraries; library; participants; team
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        item: #4291 of 5668
          id: crl-16412
      author: Goedeken, Edward A.; Lawson, Karen
       title: The Past, Present, and Future of Demand-Driven Acquisitions in Academic Libraries
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 8513
      flesch: 47
     summary: DDA programs may be a disruptive technology, but patron involvement in building library collections is a disruptive innovation. © 2015 Edward A. Goedeken and Karen Lawson Demand-driven acquisitions (DDA) programs have become a well- established approach toward integrating user involvement in the process of building academic library collections.
    keywords: academic; acquisitions; books; collection; dda; development; libraries; library; patron; titles
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        item: #4292 of 5668
          id: crl-16413
      author: Lenkart, Joe; Teper, Thomas H.; Thacker, Mara; Witt, Steven W.
       title: Measuring and Sustaining the Impact of Less Commonly Taught Language Collections in a Research Library
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 6421
      flesch: 39
     summary: Beyond the academic community, who else benefits from LCTL materials collections? Assessment of the impact of the collection is focused on the access provided to LCTL collections and the distribution of these specialized materials among institutions nationally.
    keywords: collections; language; lctl; lending; library; materials; research
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        item: #4293 of 5668
          id: crl-16414
      author: Hart, Dana E.
       title: Sidney E. Berger. Rare Books and Special Collections. Chicago: Neal-Schuman, an imprint of the American Library Association, 2014. 537p. $129.00 (ISBN 978-55570-964-8). LC 2014-006055.
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 1282
      flesch: 51
     summary: Most of this historical summary reflects on public library services to adults since the beginning of the American Library Association, and the author neatly summarizes the ALA committees, divisions, and projects that have reflected on or contributed to this aspect of library work. Okobi’s book is divided in four sections, beginning with three chapters on the need for library services to adults, and the history and development of these types of services and programming.
    keywords: collections; library
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        item: #4294 of 5668
          id: crl-16415
      author: Hoyer, Jennifer
       title: Elsie A. Rogers Halliday Okobi. Library Services for Adults in the 21st Century. Santa Barbara: Libraries Unlimited, 2014. 242p. $60.00 (ISBN 978-1-59158-705-7).
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 1916
      flesch: 48
     summary: Okobi’s book is divided in four sections, beginning with three chapters on the need for library services to adults, and the history and development of these types of services and programming. Many of these institutions were later absorbed by public library systems, and their impact on the development of library services for adults should not be ignored.
    keywords: libraries; library; services
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        item: #4295 of 5668
          id: crl-16416
      author: Johnson, Kelli
       title: Leslie E. Holt and Glen E. Holt. Success with Library Volunteers. Santa Barbara: Libraries Unlimited, 2014. 156p. Paper, $45.00 (ISBN 978-1-61069-048-5).
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 1220
      flesch: 45
     summary: Libraries are evolving and librarians and volunteer programs must evolve too. Leslie and Glen Holt’s book, Success with Library Volunteers, offers an extensive look into the past, present, and future of volunteers in all types of libraries.
    keywords: library; volunteer
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        item: #4296 of 5668
          id: crl-16417
      author: Maxwell, Lynne F.
       title: Leadership in Academic Libraries Today: Connecting Theory to Practice. Edited by Bradford Lee Eden and Jody Condit Fagan. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2014. 222p. Cloth, $75.00 (ISBN 978-1-4422-3259-4). LC Z675.U5L37.
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 1813
      flesch: 39
     summary: Moreover, her “Mentoring Resources” and “References” sections are invaluable for library leaders seeking to establish mentorship programs. In particular, Martin notes the challenges presented by digital technology and publishing trends, along with the attendant pres- sures on library leaders to maintain the relevance of the profession and the academic library itself.
    keywords: leadership; libraries; library
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        item: #4297 of 5668
          id: crl-16418
      author: Walker, Lizzy
       title: Dania Bilal. Library Automation: Core Concepts and Practical Systems Analysis, Third Edition. Santa Barbara: Libraries Unlimited, 2014. 279p. $55.00 (ISBN 978-1-59158-922-8).
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 1688
      flesch: 47
     summary: Bilal discusses analyzing acquired user requirements and examines sources for identifying ILS software. Something key that she mentions, especially as libraries adopt new technologies and systems, is that library automation is a constant endeavor. 242 College & Research Libraries March 2015
    keywords: bilal; chapter; library
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        item: #4298 of 5668
          id: crl-16419
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: Looking Back, and Looking Forward: 75 Years of College & Research Libraries
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 892
      flesch: 41
     summary: Editorial 245 When the editorial board first raised the idea of preparing a special issue of College & Research Libraries to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Association of College & Research Libraries and its role in promoting research in the field of academic librarianship, the idea of selecting representative articles from its long history was daunting. Representing central concerns for the field such as information literacy, faculty engagement, library leadership, gender in the profession, and diversity, each of these Looking Back, and Looking Forward: 75 Years of College & Research Libraries doi:10.5860/crl.76.3.245 246 College & Research Libraries 75th Anniversary Issue studies is worth review for its impact on our understanding of enduring concerns in our field, as well as emergent ones.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #4299 of 5668
          id: crl-16421
      author: Taylor, Robert S.
       title: Question-Negotiation and Information Seeking in Libraries
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 10028
      flesch: 58
     summary: The results seem to support the belief that the inquirer’s interaction with a library or information system has certain similarities to the negotiation process. General instruction in the use of library and information systems is presently nor- mally accomplished by tours, formal instruction, and handbooks, none of which are available when the user actually has an inquiry.
    keywords: information; inquirer; librarian; libraries; negotiation; process; question; search; system
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        item: #4300 of 5668
          id: crl-16422
      author: Gremmels, Gillian S.
       title: Constance Mellon’s “Library Anxiety”: An Appreciation and a Critique
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 4569
      flesch: 40
     summary: Project Infor- mation Literacy in 2010’s report Truth Be Told, while not specifically addressing library anxiety, described undergraduates’ feelings of being overwhelmed at the beginning of a research project, hearkening back, once again, to Mellon.11 Lesley Brown discussed reference librarians’ attempts to diminish library anxiety in the context of the major changes in that service by 2011.12 Eamon Tewell has recently complicated library anxiety in interesting ways, based on portrayals of libraries and library staff in two current television sitcoms, bringing in depictions of predatory staff behavior and the library’s rule-orientation, inflexibility, and political power within city government.13 Mellon’s article is still being cited for both the phenomenon and the method. The resonance I felt when I read about library anxiety was powerful: yes, I thought; this is what I’m seeing in my students, who seem over- whelmed by the library, in need of librarians’ help, yet reluctant to approach us.
    keywords: anxiety; information; library; mellon; research; students
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        item: #4301 of 5668
          id: crl-16423
      author: Mellon, Constance A.
       title: Library Anxiety: A Grounded Theory and Its Development
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 3667
      flesch: 55
     summary: While we considered it unlikely that composition faculty would radically revise their courses to incorporate more sessions on library use, we began sharing our findings with supportive colleagues in the English department to determine where changes could be made to acknowledge and deal with library anxiety. It was found that 75 to 85 percent of the students in these courses described their initial response to library research in terms of fear.
    keywords: library; research; students; study
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        item: #4302 of 5668
          id: crl-16427
      author: Stoffle, Carla J.; Renaud, Robert; Veldof, Jerilyn R.
       title: Choosing Our Futures
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 7224
      flesch: 49
     summary: Library customers expect to be more than served quickly and well. At the same time, the price of failure to act now and to begin building the necessary new structures and paradigms will be the decay 322 College & Research Libraries 75th Anniversary Issue and degradation of library services and the narrowing of library roles to the point where it will be impossible to make the shift.
    keywords: academic; change; education; information; libraries; library; new; work
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        item: #4303 of 5668
          id: crl-16428
      author: Nicholson, Karen P.
       title: The McDonaldization of Academic Libraries and the Values of Transformational Change
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 6433
      flesch: 33
     summary: Brian Quinn explores to what extent and to what effect academic libraries have become “McDonaldized,” according to the concept developed by sociologist George Ritzer.1 Quinn identifies a number of ways in which the four dimensions of McDonaldization—efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control (typically realized through the substitution of technology for human labor )—are evident in academic libraries. Although Quinn concedes that “there are obvious advantages in maintaining a well- organized and efficient work environment,” ultimately, he sees the “bureaucratic, Mc- Donaldized environment” characteristic of academic libraries as a form of irrationality: It is difficult to accomplish much that is innovative.
    keywords: academic; academic libraries; education; higher; information; libraries; library; mcdonaldization; new; public
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        item: #4304 of 5668
          id: crl-16429
      author: Quinn, Brian
       title: The McDonaldization of Academic Libraries?
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 8284
      flesch: 43
     summary: Many academic libraries use the same vendors, and although particular subject profiles may vary somewhat, the differences often depend more on a particular library’s depth of collecting than on the books themselves. Many academic libraries even offer users a predictable culture.
    keywords: academic; academic libraries; creative; creativity; ideas; libraries; library; management; mcdonaldization; mcdonaldized; research
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        item: #4305 of 5668
          id: crl-16430
      author: Oakleaf, Megan
       title: The Library’s Contribution to Student Learning: Inspirations and Aspirations
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 3542
      flesch: 34
     summary: In pursuit of the fourth goal above, librarians can look forward to increasing informa- tion about student library activities and interactions. It’s reasonable to expect that, as librarians gain access to more complex and more reveal- ing information about student library activity and interactions as well as campus 358 College & Research Libraries 75th Anniversary Issue level learning analytics, they will gain the connections, skill, confidence, interest, and ability to conduct more sophisticated analyses of the ways in which libraries make a difference in students’ lives.
    keywords: information; learning; library; student
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        item: #4306 of 5668
          id: crl-16431
      author: Kuh, George D.; Gonyea, Robert M.
       title: The Role of the Academic Library in Promoting Student Engagement in Learning
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 12324
      flesch: 46
     summary: On average, college students spend as much time on the Internet as they do studying.3 At the doi:10.5860/crl.76.3.359 360 College & Research Libraries 75th Anniversary Issue same time, the information highway introduces new challenges for librarians to meet.4 To state the obvious, not everything available electronically is valid and reliable. There also is the possibility that, as men- tioned earlier, students use different baselines when reporting gains.50 Despite these limitations, the CSEQ research program represents one of the most extensive national databases with survey information from college students related to their quality of effort and gains from college.
    keywords: academic; college; education; experiences; information; library; literacy; research; students; use
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        item: #4307 of 5668
          id: crl-16432
      author: Kenney, Anne R.
       title: From Engaging Liaison Librarians to Engaging Communities
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 3069
      flesch: 41
     summary: At the college library level, the role of library liaisons appears to be growing, but the emphasis is tightly coupled with teaching and learning rather than research. Can library liaisons play a key role in revitalizing human-to-human interactions by engaging individuals col- lectively in problem solving, creativity, and the production of new knowledge and awareness?
    keywords: faculty; liaison; libraries; library; research
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        item: #4308 of 5668
          id: crl-16433
      author: Malenfant, Kara J.
       title: Leading Change in the System of Scholarly Communication: A Case Study of Engaging Liaison Librarians for Outreach to Faculty
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 8003
      flesch: 50
     summary: While the framework identifies roles and responsibilities in nine areas, those for scholarly communication are the following: • educate and inform faculty, graduate students, and campus administrators about scholarly communication issues. Some liaisons, particularly those in the humanities and even some in social sci- ences, seem to think that scholarly communication issues aren’t terribly important, one liaison feels.
    keywords: change; communication; faculty; liaisons; libraries; scholarly; scholarly communication; williams
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        item: #4309 of 5668
          id: crl-16434
      author: Schonfeld, Roger C.
       title: Scholarly Societies and Scholarly Communication: A Look Ahead
        date: 2015-03-01
       words: 2920
      flesch: 45
     summary: The shift to open access is a clear indication that C&RL wishes to reach an audience beyond its own members.9 This includes academic librarians, of course, but it also opens up the pos- sibility to seek a broader audience, presumably in support of academic library issues and priorities. Journalism doi:10.5860/crl.76.3.406 Scholarly Societies and Scholarly Communication: A Look Ahead 407 about academic libraries and for academic librarians is provided principally by Library Journal (and its affiliated InfoDocket) and American Libraries, with some relevant cover- age from Information Today, Inside Higher Ed, and The Chronicle of Higher Education.
    keywords: academic; c&rl; january; library; scholarly
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        item: #4310 of 5668
          id: crl-16436
      author: Rubel, Alan; Zhang, Mei
       title: Four Facets of Privacy and Intellectual Freedom in Licensing Contracts for Electronic Journals
        date: 2015-05-01
       words: 13794
      flesch: 43
     summary: Moreover, appeals to the first two facets of intellectual freedom cannot explain two seminal conflicts regarding library patron privacy. The ALA’s commitment to protecting user privacy parallels language in other pro- fessional association codes of ethics.
    keywords: access; authorized; data; freedom; information; intellectual freedom; libraries; library; licenses; privacy; use
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        item: #4311 of 5668
          id: crl-16437
      author: Rinehart, Amanda; Sharkey, Jennifer; Kahl, Chad
       title: Learning Style Dimensions and Professional Characteristics of Academic Librarians
        date: 2015-05-01
       words: 7825
      flesch: 40
     summary: More recently, learning styles have been categorized physiologically, as the primary senses: auditory, visual, and kinesthetic/tactile.9 A survey of the most cited authors related to learning styles showed that Kolb, Dunn and Dunn, Honey and Mumford, Gregorc, Schmeck, and Vermunt were among the top thirty most cited authors.10 For statistical analysis, the main hypothesis was separated into two subhypoth- eses: first, that learning styles were reliant on other observed variables (such as job position responsibilities or years in an academic library); and second, that other observed variables (such as job position responsibilities or years in an academic library) were reliant on an intrinsic learning style.
    keywords: academic; learning; librarians; library; professional; research; responsibilities; styles
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        item: #4312 of 5668
          id: crl-16438
      author: Gilbert, Julie; Fister, Barbara
       title: The Perceived Impact of E-books on Student Reading Practices: A Local Study
        date: 2015-05-01
       words: 10872
      flesch: 65
     summary: Since our primary interest lies in difference between those who have access to e-books and those who do not, rather than differences in experiences with various e-book readers, we created a new variable to separate those who have e-book readers (or read e-books on other devices) from those who do not. 12. Results will help the library better evaluate e-book options and navigate possible issues related to implementation.
    keywords: books; library; likely; reader; research; students; use
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        item: #4313 of 5668
          id: crl-16439
      author: Robertson, Mark
       title: Perceptions of Canadian Provosts on the Institutional Role of Academic Libraries
        date: 2015-05-01
       words: 12825
      flesch: 47
     summary: Finally, there are suggestions that the rapid transformations of academic libraries may at some point warrant a renewed discussion of library mission that would be capable of encompassing the increasingly divergent roles of the library in the digital age. This raises the question whether library directors accurately understand provosts’ percep- tions of library roles.
    keywords: academic libraries; learning; libraries; library; provosts; research; research libraries; role; university
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        item: #4314 of 5668
          id: crl-16440
      author: Jantz, Ronald C.
       title: The Determinants of Organizational Innovation: An Interpretation and Implications for Research Libraries
        date: 2015-05-01
       words: 12110
      flesch: 28
     summary: What does it mean for a university to be innovative and how does the innovative university contribute to the success of library innovations and vice versa? The hierarchical regression analysis in the current study yielded five variables that were significant predictors of innovation in research libraries and that ac- counted for 49 percent of the total variance in research library innovation performance.
    keywords: innovation; innovation performance; integration; leadership; libraries; library; management; organizational; organizational innovation; performance; research; research library; team
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        item: #4315 of 5668
          id: crl-16443
      author: Garson, Deborah
       title: Christopher Hollister. Handbook of Academic Writing for Librarians. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, a division of the American Library Association, 2013. 250p. Revised edition. Paper, $56.00 (ISBN 978-083898736-0).
        date: 2015-05-01
       words: 1269
      flesch: 44
     summary: The author’s intent is to ensure that prospective and current writers have the knowledge and competencies to produce scholarly academic writing. Handbook of Academic Writing for Librarians.
    keywords: author; writing
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        item: #4316 of 5668
          id: crl-16444
      author: Hay, Fred J.
       title: Andrew Abbott. Digital Paper: A Manual for Research and Writing with Library and Internet Materials. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014. 259p. Paper, $20.00 (ISBN 978-0-226-16778-7).
        date: 2015-05-01
       words: 1948
      flesch: 49
     summary: While Abbott argues that library research cannot be efficient, he lays out a research strategy that is as efficient as an assembly line: in this industrial-style research, there are (as laid out in the Table of Contents) a “Preliminary Phase,” “Midphase Bibliography,” “Midphase Scanning, Browsing, and Brute Force” (this is where “brachiation” through the stacks is most important), “Reading,” “Midphase Files and Organization,” “Midphase Analysis,” “Midphase Writing,” “Midphase Design,” and “Endphase.” He understands library research as most academic librarians do not (never disrespectful of librarians—his mother was one).
    keywords: library; research; writing
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        item: #4317 of 5668
          id: crl-16445
      author: Kentner, Carol R.
       title: Kevin Smith. Owning and Using Scholarship: An IP Handbook for Teachers and Researchers. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries. 2014. 240p. Paper, $54.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8747-6).
        date: 2015-05-01
       words: 1299
      flesch: 44
     summary: Paracopyright includes efforts related to licensing and technological protection measures (chapter 6) undertaken by rights holders and vendors who fear that copyright law protections are insufficient. By deepening this understanding, the reader can consider more clearly the ramifications of the borderless digital domain, technological neutrality, and harmonization of international copyright laws (chapter 7).
    keywords: copyright; scholarly
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        item: #4318 of 5668
          id: crl-16446
      author: Vassady, Lisa
       title: Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger, and Mark A. McDaniel. Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014. 313 p. Hardback, $27.95 (ISBN 978-0-674-72901-8) LC 2013038420.
        date: 2015-05-01
       words: 1558
      flesch: 46
     summary: Kevin Smith has authored several books related to copyright in academia, is involved in the national copyright conversation, and is well known for his blog Scholarly Communications@Duke in which he addresses policy, developing issues, and potential solutions for scholarly communications in the 21st century.—Carol R. Kentner, Harvard University Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger, and Mark A. McDaniel. This very informative handbook for the “science of successful learning” is the fruit of eleven cognitive scientists working in concert as part of an “Applying Cognitive Psychology to Enhance Education Practice” research grant, which studied the impact of the latest developments in the field of cognitive psychology as applied to education over a ten-year period.
    keywords: chapter; learning
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        item: #4319 of 5668
          id: crl-16447
      author: Walter, Scott
       title: Research and Writing
        date: 2015-07-01
       words: 740
      flesch: 29
     summary: Participants in these discussions have raised a number of critical questions relevant to the future of both ACRL research programs and ACRL publication programs, some of which complement questions raised in this column over the past year, including the need for a platform publication for academic libraries and the need to support a greater diversity in the research studies published in this journal. Others have noted the need to bring these opportunities to a broad audience through partnerships with ACRL Chapters and/or ACRL member libraries.
    keywords: research
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        item: #4320 of 5668
          id: crl-16449
      author: Witt, Steven W.; Kutner, Laurie; Cooper, Liz
       title: Mapping Academic Library Contributions to Campus Internationalization
        date: 2015-07-01
       words: 9498
      flesch: 21
     summary: She indicates that collaboration with the home institution is important, which is echoed by Brown and Barr-Walker.25 Col- laboration to build collections at international branch campus libraries is discussed by Smith and support for information literacy at international branch campuses of a U.K. institution is discussed by Coombs.26 Abdullah, Kajberg, and Virkus discuss the importance of developing LIS curricula consistent with the principles of internationalization including integrating more in- ternational/global content into courses, increasing international students, and creating opportunities for LIS students to have international education experiences.27 Griner and Herron provide an example of a library school international service-learning, community-based program.28 Kidd and Roughton note in their 1994 study that international library staff exchanges are often documented in the literature as personal stories or case studies of “how we did it.”29 Five questions asked whether internationalization was included in the library’s mission statement, the extent to which internationalization is a priority in strategic planning, whether the library has a discrete plan for library internationalization, whether the library has a committee charged wholly or in part with internationalization activities, and whether the library is included in campuswide internationalization committees.
    keywords: academic; ace; activities; campus; institutions; internationalization; libraries; library; research; support; survey
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        item: #4321 of 5668
          id: crl-16450
      author: Munde, Gail; Coonin, Bryna
       title: Cross-Generational Valuing Among Peer Academic Librarians
        date: 2015-07-01
       words: 7212
      flesch: 32
     summary: This finding would support the practice of making promotions from within a department as sound, and it appears that department members can readily identify valued colleagues within their departments. the findings might suggest • Early-career librarians valued mid-career librarians more than senior-career librarians, while senior-career librarians valued other senior-career librarians more than mid- or early-career librarians.
    keywords: age; career; generational; librarians; library; respondents; years
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        item: #4322 of 5668
          id: crl-16452
      author: Priddle, Charlotte; McCann, Laura
       title: Off-Site Storage and Special Collections: A Study in Use and Impact in ARL Libraries in the United States
        date: 2015-07-01
       words: 9566
      flesch: 41
     summary: Relationships between special collections and these departments must be managed to ensure that special collections materials are handled correctly and delivered in a timely fashion. In the face of these challenges, the off-site storage facilities used by many libraries for circulating collections are increasingly used for the storage of special collections materials.
    keywords: collections; libraries; materials; site; site storage; special; special collections; storage; use
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        item: #4323 of 5668
          id: crl-16453
      author: Loo, Jeffery L.; Dupuis, Elizabeth A.
       title: Organizational Learning for Library Enhancements: A Collaborative, Research-Driven Analysis of Academic Department Needs
        date: 2015-07-01
       words: 9256
      flesch: 32
     summary: Such challenges drive the need for academic libraries to assess programs and plan for change in a comprehensive and strategic fashion to align with the mission of their institution. The core elements include customer satisfaction, human capital devel- opment, continuous improvement, involvement and participation, common vision, entrepreneurial spirit, organizational culture, and empowerment.19 Organization development is not foreign to academic libraries.
    keywords: academic; academic departments; departments; learning; liaisons; libraries; library; organizational; reports; research; review
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        item: #4324 of 5668
          id: crl-16454
      author: Green, Harriett E.; Courtney, Angela
       title: Beyond the Scanned Image: A Needs Assessment of Scholarly Users of Digital Collections
        date: 2015-07-01
       words: 9255
      flesch: 31
     summary: This evolution in humanities scholarship emerging from the rise of digital humanities and deeper interdisciplinary orientations for humanities scholars prompt us to ask critical questions about the digital collections that frequently play a significant role in these new scholarly methodolo- gies: specifically, how effectively are digital collections meeting the research needs of scholars, and how should digital collections evolve to sustain and strengthen their value to digital humanities research? This paper presents an analysis of how humanities scholars use digital collections in their research and the ways in which digital collections could be enhanced for scholarly use.
    keywords: collections; content; digital; digital collections; humanities; information; materials; research; responses; scholars; use
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        item: #4325 of 5668
          id: crl-16455
      author: Curtis, Scott
       title: Assessing Liaison Librarians: Documenting Impact for Positive Change. Eds. Daniel C. Mack and Gary W. White. Chicago, Ill.: Association of College and Research Libraries / A division of the American Library Association, 2014. 154p. $44.00 (ISBN 978-083898708-7). LC 2014041523.
        date: 2015-07-01
       words: 1788
      flesch: 34
     summary: Edited by Daniel C. Mack and Gary W. White, Associate Deans at University of Maryland Libraries, the book contains chapters written by both library administrators and liaison librarians with experience in assessment activities. In chapter 5, Daniel C. Mack writes about changing assessment activities in collec- tion development in response to academic libraries’ shift toward more emphasis on digital, online resources (both eBooks and e-journals).
    keywords: assessment; liaison; librarians
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        item: #4326 of 5668
          id: crl-16456
      author: Aubele, Joseph
       title: Victoria Martin. Demystifying eResearch: A Primer for Librarians. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited, 2014. 189p. Paper, $75.00 (978-1-61069-520-6).
        date: 2015-07-01
       words: 1972
      flesch: 43
     summary: While any one of the chapters in part I may be of interest to academic librarians, and they may be help- ful to those seeking an introduction into certain technical areas of electronic research, it is this discussion where the value of this book begins to emerge. Gary W. White builds upon the concepts discussed in the first seven chapters in writing a chapter on professional development for liaison librarians.
    keywords: book; chapter; research
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        item: #4327 of 5668
          id: crl-16458
      author: Shelton, Mark E.
       title: Aaron Schmidt and Amanda Etches. Useful, Usable, Desirable: Applying User Experience Design to Your Library. Chicago, Ill.: American Library Association, 2014. 174p. Paper, $65.00 (ISBN: 978-0-8389-1226-3).
        date: 2015-07-01
       words: 1368
      flesch: 58
     summary: If one were to go to any bookseller’s website to find books on user experience, most likely they would get a long list of titles dealing with software and website design. One might expect, given the state of the literature, that a new title dealing with user experience would also be heavily focused on technology.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #4328 of 5668
          id: crl-16459
      author: Triumph, Therese F.; Beile, Penny M.
       title: The Trending Academic Library Job Market: An Analysis of Library Position Announcements from 2011 with Comparisons to 1996 and 1988
        date: 2015-09-01
       words: 11944
      flesch: 40
     summary: The percent of technical services positions with administrative duties has declined precipitously over time, from 46.0 percent in the 1988 study to 34.7 percent in the 1996 study to 26.9 percent in 2011.65 This is compared to public services positions with administrative duties, which had a high of 34 percent in 1988, a low of 20.2 percent in 1996, and 26.0 percent in 2011.66 Electronic services positions with administrative duties increased from 14.5 percent in 1996 to 23.4 percent in 2011.67 Education Requirements Degree requirements were found in 909 (95.0%) of the 957 position advertisements in 2011. Although the current study is not limited to the entry-level job market, the results support Reeves and Hahn’s study, which reported that the public services division dominates the entry-level job market.53 More than half, or 17 of the 33 total 2011 job titles, are public services positions.
    keywords: academic; academic library; job; library; library job; positions; services; skills; technical services
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        item: #4329 of 5668
          id: crl-16460
      author: Link, Forrest E.; Tosaka, Yuji; Weng, Cathy
       title: Mining and Analyzing Circulation and ILL Data for Informed Collection Development
        date: 2015-09-01
       words: 7137
      flesch: 47
     summary: Anguilar introduced a method for analyzing library holdings, circulation, and ILL data to study library collection 742 College & Research Libraries September 2015 use.11 His article described a method of evaluating collection use by applying Bonn’s “use factor” for each subject. By compiling and analyzing these data, we aimed to find better ways to measure our user needs, assess the results of our collection practices, and identify how our users have interacted with library collections.
    keywords: circulation; collection; data; ill; library
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        item: #4330 of 5668
          id: crl-16461
      author: Kinsley, Kirsten; Besara, Rachel; Scheel, Abby; Colvin, Gloria; Brady, Jessica Evans; Burel, Melissa
       title: Graduate Conversations: Assessing the Space Needs of Graduate Students
        date: 2015-09-01
       words: 6861
      flesch: 52
     summary: Review of Selected Literature While large ethnographic studies have been conducted in libraries since the landmark Rochester study,3 few of these studies have adopted a holistic, multimethod approach to studying graduate student populations.4 Most studies of graduate students have fo- cused on specific themes, such as their research needs, how they use the library, how to design a better library website, or how to build a more attractive institutional repository.5 It is difficult to summarize graduate student behaviors and needs. Storage is also part of the large footprint for graduate students and a key component as they continue to prefer print formats and tend to compile large collections of print and online research materials.13 Graduate students also pay attention to the atmosphere of a space and their sur- roundings.
    keywords: graduate; graduate students; library; needs; space; students; study; work
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        item: #4331 of 5668
          id: crl-16462
      author: May, Francine; Swabey, Alice
       title: Using and Experiencing the Academic Library: A Multisite Observational Study of Space and Place
        date: 2015-09-01
       words: 10324
      flesch: 54
     summary: This study examines how students are using academic library spaces and the role these spaces are playing in the campus community. Other researchers have found that, while in the library, students are likely to engage in both academic and social pursuits, often simultaneously.11 Academic work remains their primary activity, however; Foster found that academic vs. recreational activities happened at a ratio of 6:1 in the library, while Suarez observed that, even with their flirting, chatting, and other social endeavours, students in the library are engaged in academic work most of the time.12 Students have repeatedly indicated that they want library spaces to support both academic and social activities, and these researchers conclude that the library succeeds in fulfilling these disparate roles.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; place; spaces; students; study; work
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        item: #4332 of 5668
          id: crl-16463
      author: Detlor, Brian; Ball, Kathryn
       title: Getting More Value from the LibQUAL+® Survey: The Merits of Qualitative Analysis and Importance-Satisfaction Matrices in Assessing Library Patron Comments
        date: 2015-09-01
       words: 6760
      flesch: 39
     summary: What was insightful was the need to present coded library comments in a way that Getting More Value from the LibQUAL+® Survey 799 showcased both the importance of coding categories along demographic lines, as well as the extent to which coded comments were positive or negative in tone. In conclusion, this paper is beneficial to those who are responsible for the analysis of LibQUAL+ qualitative library patron comments in their libraries.
    keywords: analysis; comments; importance; libqual+; library; qualitative; satisfaction
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        item: #4333 of 5668
          id: crl-16464
      author: Datig, Ilka; Russell, Beth
       title: “The Fruits of Intellectual Labor”: International Student Views of Intellectual Property
        date: 2015-09-01
       words: 10203
      flesch: 66
     summary: It is not surprising to see that the question of digital piracy created the greatest disparity in student answers. This is especially true in global communities such as New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), where students come from over 70 different countries and a variety of educational backgrounds.
    keywords: e d; e st; gr ee; r d
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        item: #4334 of 5668
          id: crl-16465
      author: Carr, Patrick L.
       title: Serendipity in the Stacks: Libraries, Information Architecture, and the Problems of Accidental Discovery
        date: 2015-09-01
       words: 7378
      flesch: 43
     summary: Likewise, the entry for serendipity in the Dictionary for Library and Information Science explains that, in information retrieval, serendipity “usually depends on the ability of the browser to recognize the relevance or utility of data not actively sought at the time it is encountered.”19 While serendipity can happen anywhere, comments from library users suggest that serendipity’s occurrence in the stacks can take on a special character that goes beyond the typical delight that accompanies any happy accident. McBirnie, “Seeking Serendipity,” 607. 842 College & Research Libraries September 2015 34.
    keywords: discovery; information; libraries; library; process; research; serendipity; stacks; users
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        item: #4335 of 5668
          id: crl-16466
      author: Greene, Harlan
       title: Patricia Steele, David Cronrath, Sandra Parsons Vicchio, and Nancy Fried Foster. The Living Library: An Intellectual Ecosystem. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2015. 138p. Paper, $42.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8740-7).
        date: 2015-09-01
       words: 1200
      flesch: 40
     summary: Anthropology students, with proper training and back- ground, conducted ethnographic studies of the library to determine their peers’ study patterns; library staff, broken into teams, conducted structured observations of library patrons, while others were part of co-design sessions, allowing various constituen- cies to articulate their thoughts on an ideal library, with the final team interviewing undergraduates, the major users of McKeldin Library. By describing the various students and task forces employed, the volume also shows what academic libraries do best—fostering the interconnectivity and interplay between various disciplines and users—no matter the condition of the building in which we work.—Harlan Greene, College of Charleston Tomas P. Mackey and Trudi E. Jacobson.
    keywords: information; library
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        item: #4336 of 5668
          id: crl-16468
      author: Hendley, Michelle
       title: Reinventing Reference: How Libraries Deliver Value in the Age of Google. Eds. Katie Elson Anderson and Vibiana Bowman Cvetkovic. Chicago: ALA Editions, 2015. 192p. $65.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-1278-2).
        date: 2015-09-01
       words: 1933
      flesch: 46
     summary: The editors both are reference librarians at Rutgers University and have published extensively on a variety of library and information science topics. Finally, the chapter determines if the Code is adaptable enough to deal with the ethical challenges that reference librarians will confront in the future.
    keywords: chapter; librarians; reference
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        item: #4337 of 5668
          id: crl-16469
      author: Kosavic, Andrea
       title: Getting the Word Out: Academic Libraries as Scholarly Publishers. Eds. Maria Bonn and Mike Furlough for the Association of College and Research Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, 2014. 288p. Paper, $50.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8697-4).
        date: 2015-09-01
       words: 1224
      flesch: 43
     summary: An introduction by the editors follows, providing a practical condensed history of library publishing as a lead-in to highlighting key findings and exploring overarching themes. From there the book spans eleven chapters and is divided into three sections discussing the why, how, and what of library publishing.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #4338 of 5668
          id: crl-16470
      author: Litsey, Ryan
       title: Library Consortia: Models for Collaboration and Sustainability. Eds. Valerie Horton and Greg Pronevitz for American Library Association. Chicago: American Library Association, 2015. 216p. $65.00 (ISBN-13: 978-0-8389-1218-8).
        date: 2015-09-01
       words: 1332
      flesch: 57
     summary: Her experiences with this group give her a unique insight and qualifications in talking about the importance of library consortia and the ever-increasing role they play in the functioning of libraries. He presents a very short history in the first chapter on digital libraries, the merging of libraries and com- puter science and engineering, and other interesting topics.
    keywords: consortia; library
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        item: #4339 of 5668
          id: crl-16471
      author: Walker, Lizzy
       title: Andrew Weiss. Using Massive Digital Libraries: A LITA Guide. Chicago: American Library Association, 2014. 192 p. Paper, $60.00 (ISBN: 978-0-8389-1235-5).
        date: 2015-09-01
       words: 987
      flesch: 57
     summary: In the second chapter, Weiss tackles defining MDLs by outlining criteria and characteristics of an MDL, in- cluding collection size; acquisitions, collection development, and copyright concerns; collection diversity; and more. Weiss also discusses access and print preservation, aggregation of variant texts in regard to digital humanities, how MDLs can help decision making on weeding collections, how MDLs can be a solution to demand driven acquisitions, could be useful for course reserves to link out to an MDL.
    keywords: mdls; weiss
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        item: #4340 of 5668
          id: crl-16472
      author: Walter, Scott; David Lankes, R.
       title: The Innovation Agenda
        date: 2015-11-01
       words: 2577
      flesch: 28
     summary: At the University of Nevada—Reno, the library provides a maker space not simply to prototype new inventions, but also to visualize abstract mathematical concepts and to engage students in learning in a new way.16 If we focus on business spin-offs as the primary measure of academic innovation, we ignore the basic fact that the overarching mission of academic libraries, and academia in general, is not to emulate or stimulate commerce, but to foster learning and understanding. College & Research Libraries has provided a venue for many studies of innovation in academic libraries, both in terms of the application of new technologies to library practice and in terms of the expansion of academic library services into new areas that support the changing landscape of higher education.
    keywords: academic; innovation; libraries; research
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        item: #4341 of 5668
          id: crl-16475
      author: Georgas, Helen
       title: The Case of the Disappearing E-Book: Academic Libraries and Subscription Packages
        date: 2015-11-01
       words: 8338
      flesch: 49
     summary: The benefits of such a model for libraries are many: it is less expensive than purchasing e-book titles individually, it includes a broad range of titles by many different publishers covering many different subjects, it allows for simultaneous access by multiple users, it eliminates the need to purchase print copies of a book, and it allows for remote 24/7 access to content. It may be that academic librarians should discourage the use of subscription-based e- books as course materials and focus their attention on promoting the use of truly owned, or perpetual access, e-book titles.
    keywords: academic; book; collection; ebrary; libraries; subject; titles; university
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        item: #4342 of 5668
          id: crl-16476
      author: Regalado, Mariana; Smale, Maura A.
       title: “I Am More Productive in the Library Because It’s Quiet”: Commuter Students in the College Library
        date: 2015-11-01
       words: 8025
      flesch: 49
     summary: Literature Review Interest in understanding student use of academic libraries is widespread, as is the use of ethnographic and other qualitative methods to investigate student library use. It is important to understand where the needs of commuter students align with those of students who live in cam- pus housing—and where they differ—so that librarians, administrators, and faculty can effectively learn from research into student library use at residential institutions.
    keywords: academic; college; college library; libraries; library; research; students; study; work
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        item: #4343 of 5668
          id: crl-16477
      author: Goodsett, Mandi; Walsh, Andrew
       title: Building a Strong Foundation: Mentoring Programs for Novice Tenure-Track Librarians in Academic Libraries
        date: 2015-11-01
       words: 9984
      flesch: 45
     summary: The program’s transformation from a traditional one-on-one, single, long-term mentoring relationship to something more flexible and varied reflects a trend among library mentoring programs, and the University of Kansas Libraries, like many others, recognize that there is still much to discover about the best structure of a mentoring program at an academic library. Perhaps the most notable trend is that all of the interviewees val- ued their mentoring programs for the personal benefits they provided, which suggests that library mentoring programs often have positive professional effects for librarians, regardless of whether they are participating as mentees, mentors, or program facilitators.
    keywords: librarians; library; mentoring; mentors; new; program; tenure
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        item: #4344 of 5668
          id: crl-16478
      author: Zhang, Qinqin; Goodman, Maren; Xie, Shiyi
       title: Integrating Library Instruction into the Course Management System for a First-Year Engineering Class: An Evidence-Based Study Measuring the Effectiveness of Blended Learning on Students’ Information Literacy Levels
        date: 2015-11-01
       words: 11113
      flesch: 49
     summary: We also would like to gather students’ feedback on the library module from a pedagogical perspective to develop best practices of designing online library modules in the future. It aims to evaluate the outcomes of library information literacy instruction using this module combined with in-person help.
    keywords: information; instruction; library; library instruction; library module; module; online; research; students; test
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        item: #4345 of 5668
          id: crl-16479
      author: Maloney, Krisellen; Kemp, Jan H.
       title: Changes in Reference Question Complexity Following the Implementation of a Proactive Chat System: Implications for Practice
        date: 2015-11-01
       words: 8170
      flesch: 45
     summary: Continued decreases in the number and complexity of reference questions have all but ended the debate; many academic libraries no longer staff service points with professional librar- ians. At the University Libraries, we believed students and faculty still had important, advanced reference questions, even though the number of reference questions had declined.
    keywords: chat; desk; level; questions; reference; research; service
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        item: #4346 of 5668
          id: crl-16481
      author: Eden, Bradford Lee
       title: Joan Giesecke, Jon Cawthorne, and Deb Pearson. Navigating the Future with Scenario Planning: A Guidebook for Librarians. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2015. 118p. Paper, $36.00 (ISBN 978-083898751-3).
        date: 2015-11-01
       words: 1187
      flesch: 51
     summary: Scenario planning (very different from strategic planning, as the authors explain) uses a paradigm that involves adaptability, anticipation of constant challenges both near- and far-term, uncertainty, and volatility. Part II (chapters 5–9) is composed of a series of essays by library leaders on their experiences with scenario planning.
    keywords: planning; scenario
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        item: #4347 of 5668
          id: crl-16482
      author: Shelton, Mark E.
       title: Joseph R. Matthews. Library Assessment in Higher Education. 2nd ed. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited, 2014. 226p. Paper, $55.00 (ISBN 13: 978-1-61069-817-7).
        date: 2015-11-01
       words: 1276
      flesch: 55
     summary: Throughout the book, broader institutionwide issues are addressed in different chapters, each of which is followed by a more library-specific chapter that links aspects of library assessment to the institution-level issues. The first chapter is a broad commentary on library assessment activities and cul- ture.
    keywords: chapter; library
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        item: #4348 of 5668
          id: crl-16484
      author: Shelton, Mark E.
       title: Library Analytics and Metrics: Using Data to Drive Decisions and Services. Ed. Ben Showers. London, UK: Facet Publishing, 2015. 176p. Paper, $95.00 (ISBN: 978-1-85604-965-8).
        date: 2015-11-01
       words: 2008
      flesch: 57
     summary: The Library Cube is a database that links demographic and academic performance data to library usage data. Considering the amount of e-resources usage data, the number of possible library patrons, and the size of some collections, it is surprising that there have been so few books dealing with the topic of library analytics.
    keywords: case; chapter; data
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        item: #4349 of 5668
          id: crl-16485
      author: Johnson, Kelli
       title: Not Just Where to Click: Teaching Students How to Think about Information (Publications in Librarianship No. 68). Eds. Troy A. Swanson and Heather Jagman. Chicago: American Library Association, 2015. 440p. $88.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8716-2).
        date: 2015-11-01
       words: 1830
      flesch: 53
     summary: Part I of the book, “Bridging the Gap between Librarians, Students, and Faculty: Conceptualizing Information,” addresses the divide between what librarians and fac- ulty think students need and what students think they need. After the chapters on librarian, faculty, and student epistemologies set the stage, part II of the book, “Making It Work: Teaching Students about Information,” continues the conversation about students’ acquisition of knowledge.
    keywords: chapter; information; students
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        item: #4350 of 5668
          id: crl-16486
      author: Tilley, Carol; Walter, Scott
       title: What’s in a Name?
        date: 2016-01-01
       words: 2630
      flesch: 39
     summary: We believe there is something in a name, and that it is time to consider what we might do to explore what that something might be through research into professional education, changes in the faculty workforce, and the values that students and in-service professionals embrace when they choose to study and pursue a career in libraries and librarianship Let us begin by acknowledging, as Juliet does, that names, by themselves, do not define a thing. Even if the growth in enrollments, alone, was sufficient argument against any concern with the trend to embrace “information” over “libraries” in nam- ing our field, it is an argument that no longer obtains, as enrollment in these programs has seen a steep decline in recent years.7 That decline is one context within which the future of professional education must be considered, and not only in LIS; consider the situation in legal education, which has seen a similar decline in program enrollments and similar concerns about the market for recent graduates.8 Another context to consider in higher education is the growth (and role) of contingent faculty in the academy.
    keywords: education; faculty; libraries; library
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        item: #4351 of 5668
          id: crl-16488
      author: Knowlton, Steven A.
       title: A Two-Step Model for Assessing Relative Interest in E-books Compared to Print
        date: 2016-01-01
       words: 7038
      flesch: 52
     summary: E-book usage may be measured differently by numerous vendors, but typically providers count each time an electronic file is opened or downloaded. Humanists prefer reading print books because print books lend themselves to extended argument and deeper comprehension;19 this is supported by Levine-Clark’s findings about e-book usage among humanists being lower than among scholars in other disciplines.20 And some of the scientists show a strong preference for e-books, because e-books offer ease of reference and searchability for key terms.
    keywords: books; circulation; collection; format; peu; print; use
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        item: #4352 of 5668
          id: crl-16491
      author: Galbraith, Quinn; Fry, Leanna; Garrison, Melissa
       title: The Impact of Faculty Status and Gender on Employee Well-being in Academic Libraries
        date: 2016-01-01
       words: 7362
      flesch: 49
     summary: Conclusion The intersection between work life and home life has important implications for librar- ians. Of the twenty-five ARL libraries that responded, fifteen granted 74 College & Research Libraries January 2016 librarians faculty status and tenure, eight did not grant librarians faculty status or tenure, and two granted librarians faculty status but not tenure.
    keywords: faculty; female; librarians; life; stress; work
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        item: #4353 of 5668
          id: crl-16492
      author: Raish, Victoria; Rimland, Emily
       title: Employer Perceptions of Critical Information Literacy Skills and Digital Badges
        date: 2016-01-01
       words: 11494
      flesch: 43
     summary: An online survey was developed and sent to employers to gauge perceptions of information literacy skills of college graduates and the use of the innovation of digital badges to represent competencies that students have accumulated. This lack of transfer connotes a need for translation of these skills from the academic setting to the workplace.1 Previous research on information literacy in the workplace shows that the skills valued by the American Library Association (ALA) are not exactly the same as the skills valued in the workplace.2 Being information literate is a critical factor to success in the information age, and it is necessary to include information literacy skills valued by employers into library instruction curricula for students.
    keywords: badges; digital; information; information literacy; learning; literacy; q ability; q q; research; skills; survey
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        item: #4354 of 5668
          id: crl-16493
      author: Graziano, Vince
       title: LGBTQ Collection Assessment: Library Ownership of Resources Cited by Master’s Students
        date: 2016-01-01
       words: 8200
      flesch: 46
     summary: This denotes a strong working relationship between the library and these important user groups, which Adler stated was key to developing LGBTQ collections that meet the needs of users.36 In years without funding, or when development funds were spent, titles of interest to LGBTQ studies were sent to subject librarians with a request to purchase, a practice recommended by Clarke.37 Librarian requests are normally accepted by other librarians at Concordia. It should be noted that there are no plans to establish a master’s degree in LGBTQ or sexuality studies at Concordia University, but there is sufficient graduate student interest and faculty expertise in LGBTQ studies to justify a collection assessment for this level of research.
    keywords: citations; collection; journal; lgbtq; library; percent; studies
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        item: #4355 of 5668
          id: crl-16494
      author: Costello, Laura
       title: Robert J. Grover et al., Evolving Global Information Infrastructure and Information Transfer. Santa Barbara: Libraries Unlimited, 2015. 150p. Paper, $75.00 (ISBN 1-61069-957-0). LC 2014046767.
        date: 2016-01-01
       words: 1193
      flesch: 41
     summary: The questions focus on issues that impact the entire information com- munity: governance, copyright, advocacy, and policy in an increasingly deep pool of digital information. In Evolving Global Information Infrastructure and Information Transfer, authors Robert J. Grover, Roger C. Greer, Herbert K. Achleitner, and Kelly Visnak attempt to redefine theories of information organization and transfer for the digital age.
    keywords: information; librarians
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        item: #4356 of 5668
          id: crl-16495
      author: Curtis, Scott
       title: Enhancing Teaching and Learning in the 21st-Century Academic Library: Successful Innovations that Make a Difference, ed. Bradford Lee Eden. New York: Rowan & Littlefield, 2015. 214p. Paper, $45.00 (ISBN 978-1442247055). LC 2014043551.
        date: 2016-01-01
       words: 1810
      flesch: 38
     summary: This book is specifically appropriate for new librarians and library students, but it could also be a useful rumination for practiced librarians and others in academia and information professions. MOOCs are at an early stage of development, yet the authors encourage librarians to experiment, learn, and share lessons about library instruction through MOOCs with others.
    keywords: information; librarians; library; student
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        item: #4357 of 5668
          id: crl-16496
      author: Simons, Marcy
       title: Julie Todaro, Mentoring A–Z. Chicago: ALA Editions, 2015. 168p. Paper, $58.00 (ISBN 13: 978-0-8389-1329-1).
        date: 2016-01-01
       words: 1179
      flesch: 45
     summary: The breadth of mentoring in the 21st century is addressed in chapter 2, where Todaro describes the variety of mentorship programs in associations, higher education, and within corporate settings. In chapter 6, Todaro addresses common pitfalls of mentorship programs from lack of integration, process, instruction, or training to unrealistic expectations to more specific issues including no formal criteria, ill-suited mentors/mentees, ill-suited match, lack of support, and incorrect program goals.
    keywords: mentorship; program
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        item: #4358 of 5668
          id: crl-16497
      author: Hart, Dana E.
       title: Appraisal and Acquisition: Innovative Practices for Archives and Special Collections, ed. Kate Theimer. Landham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015. Paper, $55.00 (ISBN 978-1-4422-3854-1).
        date: 2016-01-01
       words: 1280
      flesch: 45
     summary: In chapter 6, Todaro addresses common pitfalls of mentorship programs from lack of integration, process, instruction, or training to unrealistic expectations to more specific issues including no formal criteria, ill-suited mentors/mentees, ill-suited match, lack of support, and incorrect program goals. They address such topics as program planning, job descriptions, goals and outcomes, checklists for planning, cor- respondence letters, application forms, recommendation forms, and evaluation content.
    keywords: case; studies
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        item: #4359 of 5668
          id: crl-16498
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: A History of Modern Librarianship: Constructing the Heritage of Western Cultures, eds. Pamela Richards, Wayne A. Wiegand, and Marija Dalbello. Santa Barbara and Denver: Libraries Unlimited, 2015. 248p. Paper $60.00 (ISBN 978-1-61069-099-7).
        date: 2016-01-01
       words: 935
      flesch: 57
     summary: Read together with Ross Harvey’s fine look at Australasia, Olden’s account underscores the limits of the utility of Western library values and orientations in non-Western societies. Harvey writes knowledgably and sensitively about the attempts of Australasian librarians to doi:10.5860/crl.77.1.135 136 College & Research Libraries January 2016 meet the needs of indigenous peoples, which remains an ongoing effort.
    keywords: librarianship; western
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        item: #4360 of 5668
          id: crl-16500
      author: Malenfant, Kara J.; Hinchliffe, Lisa Janicke; Gilchrist, Debra
       title: Assessment as Action Research: Bridging Academic Scholarship and Everyday Practice
        date: 2016-03-01
       words: 2295
      flesch: 38
     summary: Action research is conducted with and by the participants; action research does not require distance from participants as “subjects.”6 As context for the studies in this special issue, this introductory essay provides a basic overview to action research, which is a participatory, democratic process concerned with developing practical know- ing in the pursuit of worthwhile human purposes, grounded in a participatory worldview which we believe is emerging at this historical moment.
    keywords: action; aia; projects; research
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        item: #4361 of 5668
          id: crl-16501
      author: Douglas, Veronica Arellano; Rabinowitz, Celia E.
       title: Examining the Relationship between Faculty-Librarian Collaboration and First-Year Students’ Information Literacy Abilities
        date: 2016-03-01
       words: 9943
      flesch: 40
     summary: Determining Student Behavior The timing of the distribution of the second student survey resulted in a response rate of only 62 percent (n = 237) of FYS students. The SMCM librarians created FYS IL learning outcomes, participated in seminar instructor workshops, and developed a liaison program whereby each seminar was assigned its own course librarian.
    keywords: collaboration; faculty; fys; information; librarian; library; research
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        item: #4362 of 5668
          id: crl-16502
      author: Squibb, Sara Davidson; Mikkelsen, Susan
       title: Assessing the Value of Course-Embedded Information Literacy on Student Learning and Achievement
        date: 2016-03-01
       words: 8455
      flesch: 45
     summary: Student Learning—Comparing Final Paper Results To compare the performance of TRAIL students to their peers who had not received TRAIL instruction, additional papers from non-TRAIL students with library instruc- tion and non-TRAIL students without library instruction were assessed using the same rubric applied to TRAIL student papers. The indirect evidence of TRAIL students’ reflections would provide insight into their attitudes and knowledge about the research process, while final papers, a form of direct evidence, would show the extent to which TRAIL students used suitable sources and developed arguments and counterarguments supported with evidence.
    keywords: information; library; literacy; research; students; trail; writing
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        item: #4363 of 5668
          id: crl-16503
      author: Melançon, Jérôme; Goebel, Nancy
       title: Personal Librarian for Aboriginal Students: A Programmatic Assessment
        date: 2016-03-01
       words: 7917
      flesch: 38
     summary: Introduction to Personal Librarian for Aboriginal Students (PLAS) There are many initiatives related to increasing the success and engagement of Ab- original students at the University of Alberta campuses in the spirit of reconciliation as outlined in the report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.1 In response to the notion that undergraduate students often find the campus library and the research process intimidating, the PLAS program aims to address the way in which anxiety related to library use may act as a barrier to the success and engagement of Aboriginal students.2 Indeed, past interactions between the members of the program team and Aboriginal students have provided anecdotal evidence of library anxiety that was constant across students and across their interactions with team members, clearly echoing the findings in the limited literature on the needs of Indigenous peoples to- ward libraries.3 A program team was created to manage the operational and research aspects of the PLAS program. What is more, following Jiao and Onwuegbuzie’s recommendations, hiring Aboriginal staff in the library (even if through student positions) might also further alleviate student library anxiety and, if librarians, able to transform the libraries to make them more relevant.31 There are a number of ways in which the PLAS program contributed to the univer- sity as well as the university constituencies’ understanding of the value of the library.
    keywords: aboriginal; aboriginal students; library; plas program; program; research; students
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        item: #4364 of 5668
          id: crl-16504
      author: Jones, Phil; Bauder, Julia; Engel, Kevin
       title: Mixed or Complementary Messages: Making the Most of Unexpected Assessment Results
        date: 2016-03-01
       words: 7402
      flesch: 41
     summary: The range of sources students in Spanish TABLE 4 Student Responses on Identifying Influential Source Question 2: Influence: “Which single source has most influenced your thinking on the topic? It was this significant, campus-wide interest in student research that shaped the guiding question for the present study: whether and how do typical in-class research literacy sessions help students to learn and to grow as researchers.4 To address this question, the team de- cided to conduct a mixed-methods study, including both a quantitative performance assessment using citation analysis and a qualitative element in which students were asked to reflect on their research process and learning.
    keywords: bibliographies; faculty; librarians; literacy; research; sources; students
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        item: #4365 of 5668
          id: crl-16507
      author: Whitlock, Brandy; Ebrahimi, Nassim
       title: Beyond the Library: Using Multiple, Mixed Measures Simultaneously in a College-Wide Assessment of Information Literacy
        date: 2016-03-01
       words: 11630
      flesch: 44
     summary: Faculty submitting student works for information literacy assessment were asked to reflect on information literacy in the selected course and to respond to the survey. Literature Review In assessing information literacy skills as learning outcomes, much literature exists that examines why and how academic librarians should establish and improve the contributions that academic libraries make toward student learning.6 Most literature on assessing students’ information literacy skills also focuses on evaluating students engaged in particular disciplines, courses, or assignments,7 prompting Hernon to ask: “Will libraries embrace broader assessment and carve out a role, or will they continue to focus on course-level assessment?”8 Far less literature exists that explicates methods for assessing simultaneously the sufficiency of multiple instructional mechanisms, both inside and outside the library’s purview, in leading students to demonstrate desired information literacy competencies.
    keywords: assessment; college; information; literacy; students
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        item: #4366 of 5668
          id: crl-16508
      author: Drabinski, Emily; Walter, Scott
       title: Asking Questions that Matter
        date: 2016-05-01
       words: 3179
      flesch: 39
     summary: Methods give librarians the tools with which to answer research questions central both to curiosity and to daily practice, and having an ample toolbox with which to do that work is important. themselves.6 A number of textbooks offer a straightforward introduction to a variety of research methods currently employed in Library and Information Science, as does the American Library Association’s Office for Research and Statistics.7 While this suggests that our field has embraced a broad spectrum of methods in the design of scholarly research, one of the authors recalls a number of questions regarding his decision to employ a qualitative research design in a study published in this journal as recently as 2008, and representation of a variety of perspectives on “what counts as research” continues to present a challenge in the composition of editorial boards and peer reviewer pools in leading journals in our field.8 Concerns about methodology, thus, are complementary to epistemological debates about what counts as knowledge in our field.
    keywords: field; libraries; library; research
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        item: #4367 of 5668
          id: crl-16509
      author: Swindler, Luke
       title: New Consortial Model for E-Books Acquisitions
        date: 2016-05-01
       words: 10577
      flesch: 38
     summary: Second, librarians, publishers, and vendors need to understand and accept the experimental “Wild West” nature of e-books publishing, vending, licensing, pricing, and accessing. The evolving and complex nature of e-book acceptance is best illustrated by compar- ing the results of studies documenting growing student acceptance of e-books over the last decade while highlighting a preference “to do course-related activities with paper and ink.”7
    keywords: acquisitions; books; libraries; oup; pilot; print; publishers; titles; trln; university
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        item: #4368 of 5668
          id: crl-16510
      author: Greer, Katie; Hess, Amanda Nichols; Kraemer, Elizabeth W.
       title: The Librarian Leading the Machine: A Reassessment of Library Instruction Methods
        date: 2016-05-01
       words: 7960
      flesch: 34
     summary: While there are many studies that affirm the effectiveness of online learning for learners who self-select online learning as their desired delivery method, this study specifically examines whether online library learning is as effective doi:10.5860/crl.77.3.286 crl15-719 The Librarian Leading the Machine 287 as hybrid learning for students who self-select face-to-face instruction as their desired delivery method. Numerous studies have shown that online learning, when well designed and properly implemented, can lead to student learning and achievement comparable to that of face-to-face instruction.3 Dewald’s study of effective online learn- ing objects for information literacy learning, undertaken in 1999, demonstrated that the Internet could offer learners unique opportunities for knowledge acquisition when coupled with sound instructional pedagogy.4 And in considering how to best evaluate the effectiveness of online learning objects, Blummer developed a tiered hierarchy for librarians to consider: 1.
    keywords: face; information; instruction; learning; library; literacy; online; research; students
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        item: #4369 of 5668
          id: crl-16511
      author: Folk, Amanda L.
       title: Academic Reference and Instruction Librarians and Dweck’s Theories of Intelligence
        date: 2016-05-01
       words: 6966
      flesch: 40
     summary: • Do academic librarians who participate in reference and instruction tend to subscribe to one theory of student intelligence more than the other? • Sungok Serence Shim, YoonJung Cho, and Jerrell Cassady investigated the relation- ship between teachers’ theories of student intelligence, achievement goals for teaching, and classroom goal structures.
    keywords: dweck; entity; intelligence; students; theories; theory
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        item: #4370 of 5668
          id: crl-16512
      author: Oguz, Fatih
       title: Organizational Influences in Technology Adoption Decisions: A Case Study of Digital Libraries
        date: 2016-05-01
       words: 10960
      flesch: 31
     summary: Documentary evidence from other DL programs corroborated this notion and collaboration among DL programs. The current research, therefore, aims to fill an important gap by investigating the role of organizational level influ- ences and decision factors in adoption of an emerging technology to enhance services offered by DL programs.
    keywords: adoption; dl program; information; innovation; management; organizational; program; research; staff; technology
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        item: #4371 of 5668
          id: crl-16513
      author: Graham, Rumi
       title: An Evidence-Informed Picture of Course-Related Copying
        date: 2016-05-01
       words: 12653
      flesch: 40
     summary: In fact, publisher agreement represents the second most frequently applicable permission source across all modes of distribution even though its relevance is limited almost exclusively to LMS course materials. This study looks at one university’s examination of copied course materials made available via library reserve, coursepacks and its learning management system, and likely sources for copyright permissions, when needed.
    keywords: available; copying; copyright; course; dealing; fair; library; license; lms; materials; permission; readings
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        item: #4372 of 5668
          id: crl-16514
      author: Stemmer, John K.; Mahan, David M.
       title: Investigating the Relationship of Library Usage to Student Outcomes
        date: 2016-05-01
       words: 8913
      flesch: 57
     summary: Library use had a connec- tion with every measure of student GPA, but with only four of the nine measures of student persistence. First- year students have positive benefits from using the library to Study alone, Check out books and How often access the library online.
    keywords: academic; gpa; library; outcomes; student; study; use; year
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        item: #4373 of 5668
          id: crl-16516
      author: Walker, Lizzy
       title: Martin De Saulles. Information 2.0, Second Edition: New Models of Information Production, Distribution and Consumption. London: Facet Publishing, 2015. 192p. Paper, $95.00 (ISBN 978-1-78330-009-9).
        date: 2016-05-01
       words: 1247
      flesch: 43
     summary: While it is written specifically for students, De Saulles provides valuable information for educators and librarians who want to stay abreast of various aspects of and implications for information technology. De Saulles covers implications of change in the man- agement of digital information, as well as how producers and consumers of digital information have changed in the third chapter.
    keywords: digital; information
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        item: #4374 of 5668
          id: crl-16517
      author: Denzin, Johanna
       title: Digital Humanities in the Library: Challenges and Opportunities for Subject Specialists. eds. Arianne Hartsell-Gundy, Laura Braunstein, and Liorah Golomb. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, a division of the American Library Association, 2015. 287p. Paper, $68.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8767-4). LC 2015006339.
        date: 2016-05-01
       words: 2603
      flesch: 38
     summary: The project originated from conversations among the members of the Literatures in English Section discussing the need for a work to introduce subject specialists to the growing field of digital humanities and the need for a resource to help guide subject specialists in their work with faculty, students, and other librarians in creating digital humanities projects. The book is arranged in a progression starting with a general introduction to digital humanities and then looking at recommendations on beginning digital humanities projects, examples of successful initiatives, and finally concludes with individual case studies.
    keywords: chapter; digital; humanities; projects
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        item: #4375 of 5668
          id: crl-16519
      author: Maxwell, Lynne F.
       title: Creating Leaders: An Examination of Academic and Research Library Leadership Institutes. ed. Irene M.H. Herold for the Association of College and Research Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, 2015. 380p. Paper, $78.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8763-6). LC Z668.5C72 2015.
        date: 2016-05-01
       words: 1889
      flesch: 40
     summary: Here Herold attempts to assess the value and best practices of leadership institutes, particularly as they (can) contribute to the develop- ment of library leaders. Finally, chapter 14, “Taking Flight at Snowbird: Reflections on a Library Leadership Institute,” by Shellie Jeffries and chapter 15, “Riding Tall: Experiences with the TALL Texans Leadership Institute,” by Martha Rinn round out the exploration of library leadership institutes with a regional focus.
    keywords: chapter; leadership; library
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        item: #4376 of 5668
          id: crl-16520
      author: Aubele, Joseph
       title: Jill Markgraf, Kate Hinnant, Eric Jennings, and Hans Kishel. Maximizing the One-Shot: Connecting Library Instruction with the Curriculum. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015. 175p. Paper, $55.00 (978-1-4422-3866-4).
        date: 2016-05-01
       words: 1944
      flesch: 43
     summary: While there is little in the way of new information regarding the one-shot instructional model, the authors have produced an interesting and useful text that offers insights not only into the process of enhancing library instruction but also how the teaching faculty with whom they collaborated in that process perceive both the process in which they were engaged as well as the instructional sessions. In chapter 3, the authors focus, in satisfying depth, on the effort to develop a “lesson study approach” to library instruction, one that “is an itera- tive process comprising five steps that can be repeated as needed” (25).
    keywords: instruction; library; programs
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        item: #4377 of 5668
          id: crl-16523
      author: Belter, Christopher W.; Kaske, Neal K.
       title: Using Bibliometrics to Demonstrate the Value of Library Journal Collections
        date: 2016-07-01
       words: 6273
      flesch: 40
     summary: But mere increases in the number of articles published in both journals cannot entirely explain the increases in NOAA references, because articles published in the journals had to be brought to the attention of NOAA authors, be sufficiently relevant to their work, and be of sufficient quality for them to be referenced. Smaller increases in the number of references to other journals may signal shifts in the research focus of NOAA authors.
    keywords: analysis; authors; citation; journals; noaa; references
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        item: #4378 of 5668
          id: crl-16524
      author: Kooy, Brian K.
       title: Building Virtually Free Subject Area Expertise through Social Media: An Exploratory Study
        date: 2016-07-01
       words: 13278
      flesch: 36
     summary: o f P o st s Building Virtually Free Subject Area Expertise through Social Media 431 media account, were the Urban Affairs Association (0.17%, n=15), American Academy of Religion (0.15%, n=13), American Academy of Forensic Sciences (0.15%, n=13), American Association for Budget and Program Analysis (0.11%, n=10), and Society for Literature, Science, and the Arts, with no relevant posts during the review period. Although a comparison of these benefits to those provided by moni- toring the social media accounts of associations is beyond the scope of the current study, preliminary insights gleaned by the author indicate that the monitoring of association social media accounts would serve to complement rather than replace the traditional mechanisms for information sharing sponsored by scholarly associations.
    keywords: accounts; american; association; information; posts; research; science; social media; society; subject;  
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        item: #4379 of 5668
          id: crl-16525
      author: Dempsey, Paula R.
       title: “Are You a Computer?” Opening Exchanges in Virtual Reference Shape the Potential for Teaching
        date: 2016-07-01
       words: 6717
      flesch: 50
     summary: UL1 students might use more greetings because they have learned it is appropriate from previous experience with live chat. • To what extent do student openings vary at different institutions? doi:10.5860/crl.77.4.455 crl16-776 456 College & Research Libraries July 2016 • How do students’ choices about beginning chats influence the length of the interaction and their satisfaction?
    keywords: chat; librarian; libraries; library; opening; reference; research; student
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        item: #4380 of 5668
          id: crl-16526
      author: Fruin, Christine; Sutton, Shan
       title: Strategies for Success: Open Access Policies at North American Educational Institutions
        date: 2016-07-01
       words: 14525
      flesch: 52
     summary: Recognizing the paucity of quantitative and qualitative data from North American educational institutions that have pursued open access policies, the authors devised a survey to collect information on the characteristics of these institutions, as well as the elements of the open access policies, the methods of promoting these policies, faculty concerns about the poli- cies, and how those concerns have been addressed. The data collected through survey results from fifty-one institutions can inform the strategic decisions being made by other institutions considering an open access policy and illustrates the essential roles that academic libraries can play in the development and passage of open access policies.
    keywords: access policy; faculty; institution; open access; policies; � open; � policy
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        item: #4381 of 5668
          id: crl-16527
      author: Shen, Yi
       title: Strategic Planning for a Data-Driven, Shared-Access Research Enterprise: Virginia Tech Research Data Assessment and Landscape Study
        date: 2016-07-01
       words: 9454
      flesch: 38
     summary: Literature Review Global Efforts in Building Data Infrastructure and Sharing Ecosystems It is important to preserve research data, both qualitative and quantitative, whether in the natural and social sciences or in the humanities, to enable new discovery, reuse, repurposing, creative integration, and content aggregation. For the purpose of this study, research data are interpreted broadly and can be quantitative or qualitative, including (but not limited to) numerical data produced by computational experiments, output from experimental equipment, calibration in- formation, simulation outputs, images or audiovisual files, survey results, interview transcripts, text files, spreadsheets, websites, digital information artifacts, or data- bases compiled from documentary sources.
    keywords: data; faculty; libraries; management; research; research data; researchers; services; sharing; support; survey
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        item: #4382 of 5668
          id: crl-16529
      author: Frank, Emily P.; Pharo, Nils
       title: Academic Librarians in Data Information Literacy Instruction: A Case Study in Meteorology
        date: 2016-07-01
       words: 8383
      flesch: 46
     summary: Question 1: Are data information literacy skills important to the work of graduate students in meteorology? All 10 panelists agreed that data information literacy skills were essential. Through the consid- eration of the University of Oslo’s Department of Geosciences’ Meteorol- ogy Section, the research found that data information literacy skills were relevant to the work of meteorology students.
    keywords: data; information; information literacy; instruction; librarians; literacy; skills; students
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        item: #4383 of 5668
          id: crl-16530
      author: Hoyer, Jen
       title: Where Are All the Librarians of Color? The Experiences of People of Color in Academia. Rebecca Hankins and Miguel Juárez, eds. Sacramento: Library Juice Press, 2016. 352p. Paper, $35.00 (ISBN: 978-1936117833).
        date: 2016-07-01
       words: 1248
      flesch: 49
     summary: This excellent suggestion paves the way for future work in the realm of library diversity. While the editors provide a summary of library diversity scholarship in their intro- duction, the most comprehensive literature review in this book is provided by Roland Barksdale-Hall at the beginning of his chapter, “Building Dialogic Bridges to Diversity: Are We There Yet?”
    keywords: color; librarians
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        item: #4384 of 5668
          id: crl-16532
      author: Kosavic, Andrea
       title: Is Digital Different? How Information Creation, Capture, Preservation and Discovery Are Being Transformed. Michael Moss, Barbara Endicott-Popovsky, and Marc J. Dupuis, eds. London: Facet Publishing, 2015. 224p. Paper, $95.00 (ISBN 978-1-85604-854-5).
        date: 2016-07-01
       words: 1331
      flesch: 49
     summary: Topics covered include essentials on the Semantic Web, trusted information management systems, crowdsourcing, archival information retrieval, digital information seeking, information privacy, and online security. His extensive background on the topic is evident throughout the book in his references to the variety and amount of research that has been conducted on information behavior.
    keywords: digital; information
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        item: #4385 of 5668
          id: crl-16533
      author: Litsey, Ryan
       title: Nigel Ford. Introduction to Information Behavior. London (UK): Facet Publishing, 2015. 224p. Paper, $85.00 (ISBN-13 978-1-85604-850-7).
        date: 2016-07-01
       words: 1381
      flesch: 57
     summary: His extensive background on the topic is evident throughout the book in his references to the variety and amount of research that has been conducted on information behavior. Part 1 defines the basic concepts of information behavior.
    keywords: behavior; information
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        item: #4386 of 5668
          id: crl-16534
      author: Mitchell, Michael R.
       title: Monty L. McAdoo. The Student’s Survival Guide to Research. Chicago: Neal-Schuman, an imprint of the American Library Association, 2015. 232p. Paper, $58.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-1276-8).
        date: 2016-07-01
       words: 1996
      flesch: 52
     summary: Paper, $58.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-1276-8). 558 College & Research Libraries July 2016 ent factors, both internal and external, that affect or influence information behavior. This section is unique since rarely do you see a discussion of information behavior presented with such a wide variety of influencing factors.
    keywords: book; chapter; research
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        item: #4387 of 5668
          id: crl-16536
      author: Kaspar, Wendi Arant
       title: Opening the Black Box
        date: 2016-09-01
       words: 1689
      flesch: 52
     summary: This topic of author submissions was the subject of extended discussion at the Edito- rial Board meeting in Orlando this summer, where there was agreement that authors and reviewers needed more information and guidance about the process and best practices. Peer reviewers are volunteers with regular jobs, so these periods tend to coincide with busier times or times of hiatus.
    keywords: journal; process
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        item: #4388 of 5668
          id: crl-16539
      author: Cain, Timothy J.; Cheek, Fern M.; Kupsco, Jeremy; Hartel, Lynda J.; Getselman, Anna
       title: Health Sciences Libraries Forecasting Information Service Trends for Researchers: Models Applicable to All Academic Libraries
        date: 2016-09-01
       words: 8531
      flesch: 29
     summary: The guide details the research life cycle and provides researchers with a roadmap through the circuitous processes and steps they will likely encounter and targets ways to engage library information services to help achieve their professional goals. Whether analyzing vast amounts of genomic data in search of DNA mutations, man- aging healthcare delivery through the use of integrated health information systems, or using medical imaging data to engineer customized surgical interventions and devices, the demand for information services presses even the most resourceful organizations.
    keywords: data; health; information; libraries; library; ohio; research; researchers; sciences; services; state
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        item: #4389 of 5668
          id: crl-16540
      author: Perruso, Carol
       title: Undergraduates’ Use of Google vs. Library Resources: A Four-Year Cohort Study
        date: 2016-09-01
       words: 8607
      flesch: 53
     summary: Faculty Source Requirements Studies looking at the effect of faculty requirements on the types of resources students are allowed to use in their papers are rare; even studies that take the concept into ac- count, such as Gilbert, are somewhat unusual.31 Davis tracked bibliographies of eco- nomics students over several years and found that neither librarian instruction nor the combination of instruction and an instructor’s encouragement to use scholarly sources had a significant effect on source use.32 However, in the fourth year of the analyses, there was a sharp increase in citations to scholarly journal articles when the instructor required at least five such sources. Survey Instrument The principal goals of the study were to determine what resources students consulted when they started their research for an assigned paper and what resources provided the majority of the information they actually used in their papers.
    keywords: information; instruction; library; percent; research; resources; semester; students
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        item: #4390 of 5668
          id: crl-16541
      author: Murray, Adam; Ireland, Ashley; Hackathorn, Jana
       title: The Value of Academic Libraries: Library Services as a Predictor of Student Retention
        date: 2016-09-01
       words: 6263
      flesch: 43
     summary: Academic libraries, seeking to demonstrate their relevance in a performance-funding environment, will find little guidance on how to appropriately gather data or communicate impact to university administrators.4 Librarians working in academic libraries are eager to engage in initiatives supporting university priorities, even those that do not directly involve the library. This study examined the predictive relationship between library use by individual students and their retention status in university settings.
    keywords: academic; data; libraries; library; retention; students; use
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        item: #4391 of 5668
          id: crl-16542
      author: Musser, Linda R.; Coopey, Barbara M.
       title: Impact of a Discovery System on Interlibrary Loan
        date: 2016-09-01
       words: 5616
      flesch: 39
     summary: To assess the impact, we examined changes in requests for locally owned or licensed materials placed as interlibrary loan requests. Discussion At the beginning of this study, we hypothesized that implementing a discovery system would affect positive change in the findability of library-owned or -licensed resources if the number of interlibrary loan requests for these resources dropped following implementation.
    keywords: borrowing; discovery; interlibrary; libraries; loan; requests
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        item: #4392 of 5668
          id: crl-16543
      author: Hall, Nathan; Arnold-Garza, Sara; Gong, Regina; Shorish, Yasmeen
       title: Leading by Example? ALA Division Publications, Open Access, and Sustainability
        date: 2016-09-01
       words: 7596
      flesch: 40
     summary: In several cases, stakeholders for ALA journals were concerned about loss of revenue in changing business models. Even with a nonprofit status, association journal publishing has long required sales revenue to sus- tain operations.
    keywords: access; ala; association; journals; models; online; open; publishing
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        item: #4393 of 5668
          id: crl-16544
      author: Eden, Bradford Lee
       title: Difficult Decisions: Closing & Merging Academic Libraries. Sara Holder and Amber Butler Lannon, eds. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2015. 253p. Paper, $58 (ISBN 978-083898791-9)
        date: 2016-09-01
       words: 1236
      flesch: 34
     summary: Neal indicates that the 2013 ARL strategic plan defines the what of research library innovation, while this book provides the how. The book is divided into three sections: a historical perspective of library innovation and the theories of innovation (chapters 1–3), the research model and the results of the empirical analysis of innova- tion in ARL libraries (chapters 4–9), and additional avenues of research related to the innovation culture in libraries (chapters 10–12).
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #4394 of 5668
          id: crl-16545
      author: Eden, Bradford Lee
       title: Ronald C. Jantz. Managing Creativity: The Innovative Research Library. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2016 (Publications in Librarianship; no. 70). 185p. Paper, $44.00 (ISBN 978-083898834-3)
        date: 2016-09-01
       words: 1963
      flesch: 37
     summary: Neal indicates that the 2013 ARL strategic plan defines the what of research library innovation, while this book provides the how. Chapter 2 starts the discussion of thinking differently about research library innovations, especially scholarly library publishing.
    keywords: innovation; library; research
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        item: #4395 of 5668
          id: crl-16546
      author: Hart, Dana
       title: Ellen Mazur Thomson. Aesthetic Tracts: Innovation in Late-Nineteenth Century Book Design. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press, 2015. 208p. Cloth, $55.00 (ISBN 9781584563365)
        date: 2016-09-01
       words: 1348
      flesch: 49
     summary: And while not all of the research is new and exciting (chapter 3, which covers Sarah Wyman Whitman’s book designs, will be familiar reading to those engaged in the study of publishers’ bindings) the cross-section that Thomson gives of the state of book design in this transitional period is a success. However, Aesthetic Tracts can and should be read through in its entirety to capture the full and at times messy picture of book design during this period (and at 135 pages there’s no good reason not to give the book its full due).—Dana Hart, Thomas J. Watson Library, New York, N.Y. Metaliteracy in Practice.
    keywords: book; design; metaliteracy
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        item: #4396 of 5668
          id: crl-16547
      author: Hoyer, Jen
       title: Metaliteracy in Practice. Trudi E. Jacobson and Thomas P. Mackey, eds. Chicago: ALA Neal-Schuman, 2016. 256p. Paper, $70.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-1379-6)
        date: 2016-09-01
       words: 1320
      flesch: 45
     summary: Donna Witek and Teresa Grettano reach the inspiring conclusion that their own course redesign to teach metaliteracy rather than information literacy has resulted in a more dynamic and flexible course structure. The case studies come from diverse disciplines, presenting course-long (not one-shot) instruction that incorporates metaliteracy goals.
    keywords: information; metaliteracy
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        item: #4397 of 5668
          id: crl-16548
      author: Kosavic, Andrea
       title: Academic E-Books: Publishers, Librarians, and Users. Suzanne M. Ward, Robert S. Freeman, and Judith M. Nixon, eds. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, 2016. 360p. Paper, $29.95 (ISBN 978-1-5575-3727-0). LC 2015027357.
        date: 2016-09-01
       words: 1932
      flesch: 46
     summary: In this comprehensive volume, Ward, Freeman, and Nixon apply a breadth of experi- ence amassed during their collective tenure at Purdue University Libraries to offer a balanced grounding for library professionals working in the area of e-book collections, management, and assessment. Varying platform configurations, password requirements, multiple DRM models, and underwhelming searching, linking, and annotation functionality disrupt academic e-book usability.
    keywords: book; case; metaliteracy
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        item: #4398 of 5668
          id: crl-16549
      author: Walker, Lizzy
       title: Making Institutional Repositories Work. Burton B. Callicot, David Scherer, and Andrew Wesolek, eds. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, 2016. 360p. Paper, $29.95 (ISBN 978-1557537263)
        date: 2016-09-01
       words: 1316
      flesch: 50
     summary: Arlitsch, Obrien, Mixter, Clark, and Sterman discuss dis- coverability of IR content. Mitchell and Schiff investigate IRs as a training tool in that IR managers can use it as a teaching op- portunity for topics such as copyright and scholarly communication, as well as outreach to potential campus-centered journal editors.
    keywords: irs; section
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        item: #4399 of 5668
          id: crl-16550
      author: Kaspar, Wendi Arant
       title: What’s So Important about Peer Review?
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 1997
      flesch: 41
     summary: ? Editorial 678 There has been a lot of dialogue about peer review recently. Lately, there has been commentary popping up in scholarly communication prompted by offbeat perspectives of peer review: A Russian Sociologist has gone so far as to fund a monument to peer reviewers in Kickstarter—what he says will ultimately be a sculpture of a rolling dice with the various traditional outcomes of peer review on each side (https://www.kickstarter. com/projects/972533097/monument-to-an-anonymous-peer-reviewer).
    keywords: peer; research; review
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        item: #4400 of 5668
          id: crl-16551
      author: Blank, Jason M.; McGaughey, Karen J.; Keeling, Elena L.; Thorp, Kristen L.; Shannon, Conor C.; Scaramozzino, Jeanine M.
       title: A Novel Assessment Tool for Quantitative Evaluation of Science Literature Search Performance: Application to First-Year and Senior Undergraduate Biology Majors
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 9729
      flesch: 45
     summary: Expertise in searching and evaluating scientific literature is a requisite skill of trained scientists and science students, yet information literacy instruction varies greatly among institutions and programs. To ensure that science students acquire information literacy skills, robust methods of assessment are needed.
    keywords: article; assessment; course; information; literacy; literature; questions; science; scientific; students; year
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        item: #4401 of 5668
          id: crl-16552
      author: Printo, Maria; Pascual, Rosaura Fernandez
       title: Exploring LIS Students’ Beliefs in Importance and Self-Efficacy of Core Information Literacy Competencies
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 10504
      flesch: 38
     summary: Broadly speaking, LIS students are well aware of the importance of information competencies, although self-esteem is not so high when tackling these competencies in practice. Ivana Hebrang Grgic and Sonja Špiranec, “Information Literacy of LIS Students at the University of Zagreb: Pros or Just Average Millennials,” in Worldwide Commonalities and Challenges in Information Literacy Research and Practice, eds.
    keywords: bim; competencies; factor; information; information literacy; lis; literacy; self; students
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        item: #4402 of 5668
          id: crl-16555
      author: Finch, Jannette L.; Flenner, Angela R.
       title: Using Data Visualization to Examine an Academic Library Collection
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 5847
      flesch: 42
     summary: Morrisey reminds us that collections data can inform decisions regarding services. Conclusion The need for examining collection data clearly extends beyond simply buying materials to support curriculum or to meet the requirements of the most vocal faculty.
    keywords: circulation; collection; data; expenditures; information; libraries; library; visualization
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        item: #4403 of 5668
          id: crl-16556
      author: Robinson, Shannon Marie
       title: Artists as Scholars: The Research Behavior of Dance Faculty
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 8316
      flesch: 53
     summary: Interviews with dance faculty from three diverse institu- tions of higher education provide exploratory data about these scholars’ research needs. To understand the information needs of dancers in higher education, dance faculty from three universities were interviewed about their information-seeking practices and research needs.
    keywords: arts; dance; faculty; information; library; music; research; scholars; use
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        item: #4404 of 5668
          id: crl-16557
      author: Yeh, Shea-Tinn; Walter, Zhiping
       title: Determinants of Service Innovation in Academic Libraries through the Lens of Disruptive Innovation
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 5449
      flesch: 29
     summary: We highlight the fact that the service mission of academic libraries is in alignment with service innovation and propose that aca- demic libraries respond to disruption by accelerating service innovation. Applying the Resources-Processes-Values framework, we recommend that, to facilitate service innovation, high-level administrators become in- novation leaders, foster an innovation-supportive culture, tie performance evaluations and rewards to innovation outcomes, and create dedicated innovation teams with high levels of decision-making autonomy.
    keywords: academic; disruptive; innovation; libraries; library; resources; service
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        item: #4405 of 5668
          id: crl-16558
      author: Ferer, Elise
       title: Julie Artman, Jeff Sundquist, and Douglas R. Dechow. The Craft of Librarian Instruction: Using Acting Techniques to Create Your Teaching Presence. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2016. 112 p. Paper, $38.00 (ISBN 978-083898821-3)
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 1339
      flesch: 50
     summary: Additionally, many librarians who are new to teaching can experience anxiety or stage fright when placed in front of a classroom. I would recommend this title to newer librarians who are learning what kind of instructor they want to be and still have anxiety about public speaking and who may lack confidence in their teaching.
    keywords: librarians; teaching
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        item: #4406 of 5668
          id: crl-16559
      author: Greene, Harlan
       title: Jeannette A. Bastian, Megan Sniffin-Marinoff, and Donna Webber. Archives in Libraries: What Librarians and Archivists Need to Know to Work Together. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2015. 137p. Paper, $69.95 (ISBN 978-1-931666-87-3)
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 1353
      flesch: 47
     summary: This comprehensive and largely practical text on research services in an academic library explores the components of the liaison or subject librarian working in a re- search capacity with the campus community and consistently designing and offering library services that meet researcher needs. Paper, $69.95 (ISBN 978-1-931666-87-3) 806 College & Research Libraries November 2016 doi:10.5860/crl.77.6.806 In conclusion, this book is helpful to newer librarians or even graduate students in librarianship who are working to become great teachers and can also be used as a tool to help more experienced teachers breathe new life into different areas of their teaching.
    keywords: archivists; book
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        item: #4407 of 5668
          id: crl-16561
      author: Curtis, Scott
       title: Dynamic Research Support for Academic Libraries. Starr Hoffman, ed. Chicago: Neal-Schuman, an imprint of the American Library Association, 2016. 154p. $75.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-1469-4)
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 1841
      flesch: 38
     summary: A well-structured and timely collection of research support services projects, this book will interest a wide range of librarians and staff considering such services in academic libraries.—Scott Curtis, University of Missouri–Kansas City Self-Publishing and Collection Development: Opportunities and Challenges for Libraries. Part 2, the “Data Services and Data Literacy” section, begins with chapter 4, where Heather Coates reports that the University Library Center for Digital Scholarship at Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) has developed and piloted training for researchers to learn research data management.
    keywords: digital; library; research; university
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        item: #4408 of 5668
          id: crl-16562
      author: Johnson, Phill
       title: Self-Publishing and Collection Development: Opportunities and Challenges for Libraries. Robert P. Holley, ed., for Charleston Insights in Library, Archival, and Information Sciences. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, 2015.
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 1720
      flesch: 45
     summary: From the educational perspective, just as many chapter authors note that academic libraries have been much slower to embrace the self-publishing revolution. The fourth chapter also addresses the issue of academics, as the author “presents reasons why academic libraries should consider collecting self-published books to meet the immediate and especially long-term needs of their users.”
    keywords: chapter; publishing; self
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        item: #4409 of 5668
          id: crl-16564
      author: Soria, Krista M.; Fransen, Jan; Nackerud, Shane
       title: Beyond Books: The Extended Academic Benefits of Library Use for First-Year College Students
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 7644
      flesch: 49
     summary: The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether there are rela- tionships between first-year college students’ use of academic libraries and four academic outcomes: academic engagement, engagement in scholarly activities, academic skills development, and grade point aver- age. For instance, scholars have provided evidence for the positive associations between college students’ use of academic libraries, fall semester grade point averages, and retention from fall to spring semester.1 These benefits also extend to students’ reten- tion from their first year to their second year of enrollment and to their final first-year cumulative grade point average.2 Similar studies have revealed positive associations between the number of books students borrowed and their grade point average,3 as well as significant relationships between the number of resources held at libraries and students’ development of critical thinking skills.4
    keywords: academic; engagement; libraries; students; use
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        item: #4410 of 5668
          id: crl-16565
      author: Skinner, Julia; Gross, Melissa
       title: The ISSAS Model: Understanding the Information Needs of Sexual Assault Survivors on College Campuses
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 6744
      flesch: 44
     summary: Summary and Conclusions Existing literature in Library and Information Science does not adequately address the information-seeking behaviors and information needs of sexual assault survivors, which is a sizable group of people who often are hesitant to self-identify. The ISSAS model, however, may be applied to sexual assault survivors in other contexts doi:10.5860/crl.78.1.23 24 College & Research Libraries January 2017 as well.
    keywords: assault; information; model; resources; seeking; sexual; survivors
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        item: #4411 of 5668
          id: crl-16566
      author: Bieraugel, Mark; Neill, Stern
       title: Ascending Bloom’s Pyramid: Fostering Student Creativity and Innovation in Academic Library Spaces
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 8644
      flesch: 49
     summary: Gayton’s idea of library spaces—different types for different student needs—supports our idea that students need distinct spaces for the types of learning and behavior associated with creativity and innovation. Similar to Gayton’s ideas of library space, Scott Bennett argues that, when designing learning spaces in a library, it is crucial to consider what types of behavior the design will elicit.29 Hannah Bennett’s discussion of library design, as seen through the lens of neuroscience, is intriguing and posits that library space is similar to “productive research environments” in fostering creativity and innovation.
    keywords: academic; behaviors; creativity; innovation; learning; libraries; library; spaces; students
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        item: #4412 of 5668
          id: crl-16567
      author: White, Bruce
       title: Citations and Circulation Counts: Data Sources for Monograph Deselection in Research Library Collections
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 8209
      flesch: 43
     summary: The Association of Research Libraries SPEC Kit 337: Print Retention Deci- sion Making noted that “Citation counts are often used as a criterion” in decisions on deselection; but no specific questions on the topic were asked in the survey of American academic libraries—and the technique barely rates a mention in the summary of re- sults—while the use of circulation data is noted in nearly all of the reports.13 She went on, however, to suggest that citation counts had a value in the deselection process independent of usage considerations and that “citation frequency can be used to supplement other measures such as faculty input and frequency of use.”
    keywords: books; circulation; citation; collection; counts; data; libraries; library; research; use
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        item: #4413 of 5668
          id: crl-16568
      author: Pitts-Noggle, Stephanie; Rafferty, Ryan
       title: Investigating Textbook Reserves: A Case Study of Two Models for Reserves Collections
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 7896
      flesch: 54
     summary: A 1990 paper by Sommer and Estabrook found that faculty members at four-year institutions sig- nificantly underestimated the cost of textbooks; this had considerable implications for library budgets.5 Further, in 1994, Sayles examined the collection development policies of twenty-seven college libraries and noted that the policies were often contradictory with regard to textbooks, stressing the importance of collecting based on student need while dismissing textbooks as inappropriate for the collection.6 In 2005, Hsieh and Runner conducted a survey and collection development policy analysis that probed into libraries’ practices and policies surrounding the acquisition of textbooks and leisure reading materials.7 Sixty-one percent of respondents reported 68 College & Research Libraries January 2017 that their library had specific “no textbooks” policies, citing budgetary concerns as the primary reason for avoiding the practice and, second, that purchasing textbooks was the students’ responsibility.8 Pilot projects initiated after 2005 in response to these articles and the GAO report have focused on developing textbook reserve collections and services. While broad applicability of the model warrants further investigation, academic libraries may be bet- ter able to meet patron needs by implementing open textbook reserves. s textbook prices have steadily increased, academic libraries have consid- ered what role they might play in mitigating this burdensome expense for students.
    keywords: collection; library; open; reserves; students; textbooks
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        item: #4414 of 5668
          id: crl-16571
      author: Aaen-Stockdale, Craig
       title: Altmetrics: A Practical Guide for Librarians, Researchers and Academics. Andy Tattersall, ed. London: Facet Publishing, 2016. 224p. $95.00 (ISBN 978-1-78330-010-5).
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 1875
      flesch: 49
     summary: Riding the wave of excitement, interest, and confusion about altmetrics is the new book Altmetrics: A Practical Guide for Librarians, Researchers and Academics, edited and largely authored by Andy Tattersall, an Information Specialist at the University of Sheffield. Unfortunately, when a book is called “Altmetrics,” one expects to read about altmetrics.
    keywords: altmetrics; book; research
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        item: #4415 of 5668
          id: crl-16572
      author: Aubele, Joseph
       title: Barbara Allan. Emerging Strategies for Supporting Student Learning: A Practical Guide for Librarians and Educators. London: Facet Publishing, 2016. 178p. Paper, $75.00 (ISBN 978-1-78330-070-9).
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 1947
      flesch: 48
     summary: Combine that with the fact that the text is not written exclusively for academic librarians, and one result is a limited discussion of certain topics of great interest to that audience. But, if this text is sometimes guilty of overexplaining some concepts while ignoring others that are of particular interest to academic librarians, it must also be said that it is a work that can certainly benefit many among that group.
    keywords: academic; chapter; librarians
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        item: #4416 of 5668
          id: crl-16573
      author: Litsey, Ryan
       title: Reviewing the Academic Library: A Guide to Self-study and External Review. Eleanor Mitchell and Peggy Seiden, eds. Chicago: American Library Association, 2015. 352p. Paper, $66.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8783-4).
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 1323
      flesch: 53
     summary: The final question I am left with is one of forward thinking as it applies to academic libraries in general. Crystal Baird and Ellie Fogarty in chapter 1 indicate that “Academic librarians who recognize their role as central to the educa- tional quality of their college or university will find themselves and their work implicit throughout accreditation standards.”
    keywords: library; literacy
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        item: #4417 of 5668
          id: crl-16574
      author: Mitchell, Michael R.
       title: Critical Literacy for Information Professionals. Sarah McNicol, ed. London: Facet Publishing, 2016. 172p. Paper, $95.00 (ISBN 978-1-78330-082-2).
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 2071
      flesch: 56
     summary: These chapters bring different theoretical lenses to bear on literacy studies and information literacy. Using the work of Roland Barthes and Michel Foucault as a springboard, Critten explores ways in which information literacy might move from an author-focused understanding of a text to one that places more separation between how a text is read and its author’s intents.
    keywords: book; critical; literacy
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        item: #4418 of 5668
          id: crl-16575
      author: Shelton, Mark
       title: Lesley S.J. Farmer and Alan M. Safer. Library Improvement through Data Analysis. Chicago: ALA Neal-Schuman, 2016. 184p. Paper, $75.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-1425-0). LCCN 2015046382.
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 1403
      flesch: 67
     summary: Having short chapters when dealing with such a broad topic, one would be correct that many of the chapters take a high-level view of what is covered. Readers may discover that the table in chapter 4 on processes and matching data is the part of the book that they will want to share most widely with their colleagues.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #4419 of 5668
          id: crl-16577
      author: Lynch, Clifford
       title: Updating the Agenda for Academic Libraries and Scholarly Communications
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 3167
      flesch: 41
     summary: Before I leave scholarly journals, let me also note that licensing these materials is now not only a very complex economic negotiation with publishers, but must also incorporate many other important non-economic contractual terms dealing with top- ics ranging from reader privacy to usage reporting5 and statistics, archiving policies, accessibility, and even the growing dangers of malware being vectored through third party advertising that may be hosted on publisher sites. 126 Guest Editorial Updating the Agenda for Academic Libraries and Scholarly Communications Clifford Lynch January 19, 2017 This issue of C&RL is focused on scholarly communication, and it seems appropri- ate, in this invited guest editorial, to step back and examine the broader agenda that academic and research libraries need to consider today in engaging with scholarly communications as a way of framing the issue.
    keywords: faculty; institutional; open; scholarly
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        item: #4420 of 5668
          id: crl-16578
      author: Caffrey, Carolyn; Gardner, Gabriel J.
       title: Fast and Furious (at Publishers): The Motivations behind Crowdsourced Research Sharing
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 9329
      flesch: 49
     summary: Other Twitter users, once aware of the #icanhazPDF request, use their institutional subscriptions or personal memberships to download the desired PDF and provide it to the requestor. The authors are implicated in these pedagogical shortcuts too, but we believe that engaging with these issues critically before students graduate will better prepare them to seek out open access information as an unaffiliated user and to understand and influence the scholarly communication infrastructure as creators.
    keywords: access; information; online; peer; research; respondents; scholarly; services; sharing; users
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        item: #4421 of 5668
          id: crl-16580
      author: Tran, Clara Y.; Lyon, Jennifer A.
       title: Faculty Use of Author Identifiers and Researcher Networking Tools
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 4923
      flesch: 41
     summary: However, the actual number of responses was higher from the Health Sciences (n=76) which is representative of the higher number of Health Sciences faculty who responded to the survey in total. This cross-sectional survey focused on faculty use and knowledge of author identifiers and researcher networking systems, and professional use of social media, at a large state university.
    keywords: author; faculty; networking; sciences; social; use
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        item: #4422 of 5668
          id: crl-16581
      author: Wenzler, John
       title: Scholarly Communication and the Dilemma of Collective Action: Why Academic Journals Cost Too Much
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 11899
      flesch: 40
     summary: Scholarly Communication and the Dilemma of Collective Action 195 Because journal publishers enjoy a government-created monopoly over the con- tent of their journals based on copyright law and because digital publishing enjoys economies of scale that has allowed a small number of publishers to centralize control of many of the top titles in several fields, the dominant journal publishers could be considered natural monopolies whose prices have to be regulated for the common good. Just as workers can address their dilemma of collective action by forming unions to bargain with employers, universities could join together in a united coalition to negotiate nationwide or worldwide con- tracts with journal publishers.
    keywords: academic; access; collective; costs; journal; libraries; library; publishers; publishing; research; scholarly
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        item: #4423 of 5668
          id: crl-16582
      author: Wilkin, John P.
       title: How Large Is the “Public Domain”? A Comparative Analysis of Ringer’s 1961 Copyright Renewal Study and HathiTrust CRMS Data
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 8954
      flesch: 52
     summary: Estimates of the size of the corpus of public domain books published in the United States from 1923 through 1963 have been inflated by problematic assumptions, and we should be able to correct mistaken conclusions with reasonable effort. U.S. law required compliance with certain rules for works published through most of the 20th century, and many books published in the United States during that period entered the public domain as a consequence of failure to comply with those rules.1 One of those rules, a requirement that the copyright holder for a work published between 1923 and 1963 renew the copyright of the work 28 years after it was published, was the subject of an important Copyright Office study discussed here.2 Many cite this study to suggest that 93 percent of books published in the United States during this period are in the public domain.3 Recent work by the IMLS-funded CRMS project, a HathiTrust project focused on books digitized from research libraries, found a significantly smaller percentage of public domain books for the same period, approximately 50 percent.4 The significant difference in the numbers established by these two efforts is puzzling.
    keywords: books; copyright; crms; public domain; renewal; ringer; works
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        item: #4424 of 5668
          id: crl-16583
      author: Tracy, Daniel G.
       title: Libraries as Content Producers: How Library Publishing Services Address the Reading Experience
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 11349
      flesch: 42
     summary: LPC now has 66 member institutions and had identified 153 institutions with library publishing services between the two editions of the directory released prior to the survey reported here. The research literature on library collections and areas like human-computer interac- tion offer ample opportunities for engagement in research on library publishing services.
    keywords: digital; information; libraries; library; library publishing; needs; publication; publishing; readers; research; services
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        item: #4425 of 5668
          id: crl-16584
      author: Fernández-Molina, Juan-Carlos; Moraes, João Batista E.; Guimarães, José Augusto C.
       title: Academic Libraries and Copyright: Do Librarians Really Have the Required Knowledge?
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 9349
      flesch: 46
     summary: A solid professional performance on the part of academic librarians at present calls for adequate knowledge about copyright law, not only for the development of their own tasks without infringing the law, but also to guide and provide pertinent advice for library users (faculty and students). ost informational resources that make up university library collections are copyrighted works, meaning that a good proportion of the everyday activity of these libraries comes into contact with copyright law.
    keywords: academic; copyright; exceptions; information; knowledge; law; libraries; library; moral; research; rights
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        item: #4426 of 5668
          id: crl-16587
      author: Brandenburg, Marci D.; Cordell, Sigrid Anderson; Joque, Justin; MacEachern, Mark P.; Song, Jean
       title: Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Librarian Involvement in Grant Projects
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 5654
      flesch: 34
     summary: The University of Michigan Library became involved in the university’s novel funding program, MCubed, which supported innova- tive interdisciplinary research on campus, primarily by funding student assistants to work on research projects. Furthermore, the extent to which the librarians were involved in the projects, and the range of responsibilities they took on, suggest to others possibilities for involvement and collaboration in research projects.
    keywords: faculty; funding; librarian; library; mcubed; project; research
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        item: #4427 of 5668
          id: crl-16588
      author: Schaub, Gayle; Cadena, Cara; Bravender, Patricia; Kierkus, Christopher
       title: The Language of Information Literacy: Do Students Understand?
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 6687
      flesch: 46
     summary: Since it is impossible to know exactly what students do or do not know, it is best to err on the side of clarity and define the terms when necessary.6 There are only a handful of studies that identify information literacy terms least understood by students, with the goal of either improving communication between library staff and students or examining whether library terminology interferes with student understanding. It is recommended that librarians work with faculty to make them aware of students’ lack of understanding of information literacy terms and that librarians also reinforce their meaning during library instruction and in one-on-one consultations.
    keywords: information; library; literacy; research; students; terms
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        item: #4428 of 5668
          id: crl-16589
      author: Forbes, Carrie; Schlesselman-Tarango, Gina; Keeran, Peggy
       title: Expanding Support for Graduate Students: Library Workshops on Research Funding Opportunities
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 8995
      flesch: 42
     summary: This case study describes the development, implementation, and assess- ment of a series of grants research workshops for graduate students, which were implemented to fill a gap in graduate student support. However, participants noted areas of improvement around outreach and promotion and general communication with graduate students.
    keywords: focus; graduate; graduate students; group; library; participants; research; students; workshop
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        item: #4429 of 5668
          id: crl-16590
      author: Bedi, Shailoo; Walde, Christine
       title: Transforming Roles: Canadian Academic Librarians Embedded in Faculty Research Projects
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 7348
      flesch: 39
     summary: Participants were also interested in research because they wanted to learn more about the process of conducting research, confirming a key trait well-documented in the study of research librarians at the University of Saskatchewan, who “wanted 322 College & Research Libraries March 2017 to increase their knowledge about research”24 through their involvement. This article describes how a selected sample of Canadian academic librarians became embedded in faculty research projects and describes their experiences of participating in research teams.
    keywords: academic; faculty; librarians; participants; research; role; study
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        item: #4430 of 5668
          id: crl-16591
      author: Click, Amanda B.; Wiley, Claire Walker; Houlihan, Meggan
       title: The Internationalization of the Academic Library: A Systematic Review of 25 Years of Literature on International Students
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 15176
      flesch: 41
     summary: “Chinese Academic Libraries Serving International Students and Scholars: An Assessment of Three Case Studies.” “An Integrated Approach to Supporting International Students at the University of Technology, Sydney in Australia.”
    keywords: academic; academic libraries; college; information; international students; journal; libraries; library; publications; reference; research; research libraries; review; services; study
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        item: #4431 of 5668
          id: crl-16592
      author: Boyce, Crystal
       title: Measuring Perceptual (In) Congruence between Information Service Providers and Users
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 8695
      flesch: 49
     summary: As with any service, there were numerous stakeholder groups, divided here between service providers and service users. Parents, community members, and alumni were also considered service users.
    keywords: employees; help@ames; providers; service; student; users
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        item: #4432 of 5668
          id: crl-16593
      author: Goates, Michael C.; Nelson, Gregory M.; Frost, Megan
       title: Search Strategy Development in a Flipped Library Classroom: A Student-Focused Assessment
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 6209
      flesch: 47
     summary: The flipped classroom model can also be used in noncredit-bearing single-session workshops, such as library instruction sessions. 382 Search Strategy Development in a Flipped Library Classroom: A Student-Focused Assessment Michael C. Goates, Gregory M. Nelson, and Megan Frost* Librarians at Brigham Young University compared search statement de- velopment between traditional lecture and flipped instruction sessions.
    keywords: flipped; instruction; lecture; library; search; session; students; tutorial
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        item: #4433 of 5668
          id: crl-16594
      author: Fishel, Teresa A.
       title: David W. Lewis. Reimagining the Academic Library. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016. 192p. Paper, $40 (ISBN 978-1-4422-3858-9).
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 1307
      flesch: 52
     summary: In view of recent events, our libraries may become even more important on each of our campuses as pointed out by Chris Bourg, head of MIT libraries, who recently shared in an Educause talk on libraries and our role in higher education, that we may not need to save libraries, but libraries may indeed be what saves us. Reimagining the Academic Library provides both a succinct overview of the external forces that have been driving change in academic libraries for more than the past two decades as well as proposed steps academic library leaders and librarians should take to address these forces and help complete the transition to a relevant, digital 21st-century academic library.
    keywords: academic; libraries
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        item: #4434 of 5668
          id: crl-16596
      author: Irwin, Rebekah
       title: Aaron D. Purcell. Digital Library Programs for Libraries and Archives: Developing, Managing, and Sustaining Unique Digital Collections. Chicago: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2016. 224p. Paper, $85 (ISBN 0-838-91450-0).
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 1318
      flesch: 52
     summary: Though the history of library digital projects is only a few decades old, it lays a great deal of responsibility on librarians and archivists to continue this work. By the author’s own ambitious admission, the book serves to provide a full suite of instruments: a history of digital libraries; a review of the current state of the field; strategies for planning and managing digital projects; and step-by-step instructions for the creation of a digital library project plan.
    keywords: data; digital
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        item: #4435 of 5668
          id: crl-16597
      author: Kugelmeyer, Kara
       title: Databrarianship: The Academic Data Librarian in Theory and Practice. Eds. Lynda Kellam and Kristi Thompson for the Association of College and Research Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, 2016. 378p. $68 (ISBN: 978-083898799-5).
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 1262
      flesch: 50
     summary: The first two chapters provide readers with insights into the work of data librarians in Canada and the United Kingdom. The final chapters are comprehensive roadmaps that can help data librarians assess their skillsets and discover topics and technologies that they may want to explore in the future.
    keywords: data; librarians
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        item: #4436 of 5668
          id: crl-16599
      author: Roy, Michael
       title: Cathy O’Neil. Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy. New York: Crown Publishers, 2016. 272p. Hardcover, $26 (ISBN 978-0553418811).
        date: 2017-04-19
       words: 1340
      flesch: 55
     summary: For librar- ians and fellow travelers concerned with how technology and big data are impacting our democratic institutions, Weapons of Math Destruction is a must-read.—Michael Roy, Middlebury College doi:10.5860/crl.78.1.122 http://mathbabe.org http://10.5860/crl Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy.
    keywords: data; wmds
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        item: #4437 of 5668
          id: crl-16600
      author: Erlinger, Allison
       title: Outcomes Assessment in Undergraduate Information Literacy Instruction: A Systematic Review
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 20988
      flesch: 25
     summary: Farmer, Instructional Design, 74; Murtha, Stec, and Wilt, “Using Assessment as a Tool to Improve Learning”; Radcliff et al., A Practical Guide to Information Literacy Assessment, 72–73, 86–87; Kaplowitz, Designing Information Literacy Instruction, 125. 47. Gilchrist and Zald, “Instruction and Program Design through Assessment,” 175. 24. Broussard, “Using Games to Make Formative Assessment Fun”; Broussard, Hickoff-Cresko, and Oberlin, Snapshots of Reality, 4; Gilchrist and Zald, “Instruction and Program Design through Assessment,” 176; Grassian and Kaplowitz, Information Literacy Instruction, 207, 210; Kaplowitz, Designing Information Literacy Instruction, 116–17; Oakleaf and Kaske, “Guiding Questions for As- sessing Information Literacy”; Whitlock and Nanavati, “A Systematic Approach to Performative and Authentic Assessment.” http://www.comminfolit.org/index.php?journal=cil& page=index http://www.comminfolit.org/index.php?journal=cil& page=index https://doi.org/10.1080/10691316.2013.829366 https://doi.org/10.1080/10691316.2013.829366 https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.0.0046 https://doi.org/10.1300/J295v03n01_07 https://doi.org/10.1177/0340035206074066 https://doi.org/10.1108/00220410910970249 https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21030 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2012.04.004 http://www.facetpublishing.co.uk/title.php?id=046596#.WA-rzlsrK2w http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/objectivesinformation http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/objectivesinformation http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/characteristics http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/characteristics http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/ilframework Outcomes Assessment in Undergraduate Information Literacy Instruction 471 25.
    keywords: authentic assessment; course; ili assessment; information literacy; instruction assessment; kaplowitz; learning; libraries; library instruction; literacy assessment; literature; methods; oakleaf; outcomes assessment; research; review; students; use
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        item: #4438 of 5668
          id: crl-16603
      author: Jones, Kyle M.L.; Salo, Dorothea
       title: Learning Analytics and the Academic Library: Professional Ethics Commitments at a Crossroads
        date: 2018-04-04
       words: 11582
      flesch: 19
     summary: That our values pose ethical dilemmas for us in practice is a good thing and should be welcomed by us: from debating such dilemmas comes strength of mission.”— David McMenemy1 Introduction Higher education institutions (HEIs) are aggregating and analyzing student data, in- formation, and the digital trails they leave in information systems to better understand student behaviors. Third, the ability to sur- veil students also allows institutions and content vendors to expand the use of digital rights management technologies; moreover, it creates conditions where institutions and content vendors may use student data as a bartering chip in contract negotiations.
    keywords: academic; analytics; available; big; data; ethical; february; information; intellectual; learning; libraries; library; online; privacy; research; student; university
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        item: #4439 of 5668
          id: crl-16604
      author: McAfee, Erin L.
       title: Shame: The Emotional Basis of Library Anxiety
        date: 2018-02-27
       words: 10625
      flesch: 53
     summary: The Purpose of Shame The purpose of shame is simple, yet widely misunderstood. Unlike other self-conscious emotions, shame is primitive and no amount of social conditioning or cognitive influences can remove it from humans.22 Shame has a biological function, regardless of how we define it.
    keywords: affect; anxiety; emotions; library; library anxiety; research; scheff; self; shame; social; staff; students
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        item: #4440 of 5668
          id: crl-16605
      author: Benedetti, Allison; Jackson, John; Luo, Lili
       title: Vignettes: Implications for LIS Research
        date: 2018-02-27
       words: 8432
      flesch: 47
     summary: • By asking interviewees to assume the roles of vignette characters, vignettes can help desensitize sensitive or difficult topics (such as sexual aggression or mental illness), distance interviewees from them, and reduce the influence of socially desirable responses. According to Schoenberg and Ravdal, the storytelling nature of vignettes is relaxing, pleasant, and interesting and may reduce feelings of being overburdened by the inter- view process.17 Hughes and Huby perused the literature and identified the following practical advantages of vignettes:18 • Vignettes are less expensive and can be conducted more quickly than obser- vational studies.
    keywords: focus; information; library; lis; participants; research; researchers; students; study; vignettes
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        item: #4441 of 5668
          id: crl-16606
      author: Julien, Heidi; Gross, Melissa; Latham, Don
       title: Survey of Information Literacy Instructional Practices in U.S. Academic Libraries
        date: 2018-02-27
       words: 8638
      flesch: 40
     summary: We can do more towards scaffolding, but it requires a bigger institutional push that we currently don’t have. • Our administration—despite claiming advocacy for library instruction—has no fundamental understanding of information literacy instruction. 179 Survey of Information Literacy Instructional Practices in U.S. Academic Libraries Heidi Julien, Melissa Gross, and Don Latham* An online survey sent to the community of professional librarians in the United States who provide information literacy instruction in academic libraries provided insights into their practices and the challenges they face.
    keywords: information; instruction; literacy; percent; responsible; students; survey
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        item: #4442 of 5668
          id: crl-16607
      author: Zhang, Li
       title: Analyzing Citation and Research Collaboration Characteristics of Faculty in Aerospace, Civil and Environmental, Electrical and Computer, and Mechanical Engineering
        date: 2018-02-27
       words: 8530
      flesch: 32
     summary: Additionally, in the research works of aerospace, civil and environmental, and electrical and computer engineering faculty, nearly 80 percent of book citations were less than 25 years old. The observation agreed with previous citation studies related to engineering faculty or professional engineers (see the literature review section).
    keywords: citation; electrical; engineering; faculty; journal; mechanical; research; study
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        item: #4443 of 5668
          id: crl-16608
      author: Price, Elizabeth
       title: Should We Yak Back? Information Seeking among Yik Yak Users on a University Campus
        date: 2018-02-27
       words: 11255
      flesch: 55
     summary: It argues that libraries should be more inten- tional about monitoring emerging information ecosystems such as Yik Yak to share their knowledge with users and to identify potential issues with library services. Less common themes included communication (librarian-user or user-user conversations) and knowledge gathering (harvesting information from individual users to improve library services, for example).
    keywords: information; libraries; library; percent; questions; reference; research; services; sns; social; users; yak; yik
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        item: #4444 of 5668
          id: crl-16610
      author: Faniel, Ixchel M.; Connaway, Lynn Silipigni
       title: Librarians' Perspectives on the Factors Influencing Research Data Management Programs
        date: 2018-01-03
       words: 10103
      flesch: 41
     summary: They included: current versus planned RDM services, institutional RDM champions, motivations behind RDM services, librarians’ RDM involvement and the value they brought versus gained, challenges and benefits of helping researchers, suggestions and ideas that would make it easier for librarians to help researchers, and librarians’ perceived confidence that they were helping researchers and meeting needs. Of those that do, most studies have been quantitative and outline RDM services and the competencies and training that librarians need to support researchers.5
    keywords: data; data management; librarians; library; management; rdm; research; researchers; services; support
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        item: #4445 of 5668
          id: crl-16612
      author: Linden, Julie; Tudesco, Sarah; Dollar, Daniel
       title: Collections as a Service: A Research Library's Perspective
        date: 2018-01-03
       words: 6477
      flesch: 32
     summary: For example, the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library gathered and analyzed data to inform print cancellation decisions;24 the Social Science Library and Kline Science Library con- ducted surveys to help determine (among other things) the place of print collections in the new Center for Science and Social Science Information.25 Until recently, these collection assessments have been isolated projects. The graph in figure 7 uses standard measures: COUNTER statistics for elec- tronic resources (e-journals and e-books) and circulation activity for print collections.
    keywords: collection; data; development; libraries; library; print; research; university; yale
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        item: #4446 of 5668
          id: crl-16614
      author: Olivarez, Joseph D.; Bales, Stephen; Sare, Laura; vanDuinkerken, Wyoma
       title: Format Aside: Applying Beall's Criteria to Assess the Predatory Nature of both OA and Non-OA Library and Information Science Journals
        date: 2018-01-03
       words: 7258
      flesch: 35
     summary: Introduction While the open access (OA) movement is growing throughout academia and has gained traction in some disciplines, there is still skepticism on the part of research- ers who question the quality of OA publishing and may associate OA journals with “predatory” journals. Many print journals have been charging authors page charges to offset the cost of publishing.7 Shen and Björk contended that basic journal practices and elements of article publication, including peer review, have not changed appreciably.8 Because some OA journals charge a fee, despite having no print costs to cover, the practice of OA journals charging fees has opened up debate about questions of qual- ity, and whether authors are simply paying to have their work published (rather than publishing quality work).
    keywords: access; beall; criteria; information; journals; predatory; publishers
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        item: #4447 of 5668
          id: crl-16615
      author: Kohn, Karen
       title: Worth the Wait? Using Past Patterns to Determine Wait Periods for E-Books Released After Print
        date: 2018-01-03
       words: 8868
      flesch: 59
     summary: Librarians’ perception, on the other hand, is commonly that publishers deliberately delay e-book publications to ensure they sell copies in print.26 Part of this discrepancy might be that publishers use language that is not always clear to librarians. This could skew the data toward showing a higher percentage of e-book availability than in the industry as a whole, as they exclude publishers that are not as likely to produce e-books.
    keywords: books; libraries; library; print; wait
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        item: #4448 of 5668
          id: crl-16616
      author: Tewell, Eamon C.
       title: The Practice and Promise of Critical Information Literacy: Academic Librarians' Involvement in Critical Library Instruction
        date: 2018-01-03
       words: 14306
      flesch: 37
     summary: Using a survey and follow-up inter- views with thirteen librarians practicing critical information literacy, this paper illustrates some of the many ways that librarians incorporate this vital approach to teaching the complexities of information, as well as the potential advantages and difficulties of doing so. This call to recognize the importance of social justice to libraries and librarians’ work has gained visibility in the scholarly literature and profession as a whole since first making its appearance fifteen years ago.1 As a theory and practice, critical information literacy (critical IL) aims to understand how libraries participate in systems of oppression and find ways for librarians and students to act upon these systems.
    keywords: critical; critical il; critical information; information; information literacy; instruction; librarians; library; practice; students; teaching
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        item: #4449 of 5668
          id: crl-16638
      author: Kong, Ningning; Fosmire, Michael; Branch, Benjamin Dewayne
       title: Developing Library GIS Services for Humanities and Social Science: An Action Research Approach
        date: 2017-05-04
       words: 7657
      flesch: 40
     summary: In the downstream, GIS data services can be developed around spatial data organization, metadata creation, online spatial data visualization, or data dissemination via a spatial data portal. Many academic libraries have found that GIS Day is an excellent opportunity to highlight GIS applications across disciplines, raise awareness of library GIS services, and make connections.18 Previous literature not only describes library GIS services by scope, but also by depth of service.19
    keywords: data; gis; humanities; information; library; research; services; social; spatial
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        item: #4450 of 5668
          id: crl-16641
      author: Samson, Sue; Granath, Kim; Alger, Adrienne
       title: Journey Mapping the User Experience
        date: 2017-05-04
       words: 5213
      flesch: 52
     summary: One method of assessing library services and access is journey mapping, also called service blueprinting, a methodology that uses library experiences and touchpoints at which a student comes into contact with the service.1 The use of journey mapping is *  All interns will participate in a focus group at the end of the semester to analyze the data collection and make recommendations on how access to library services and resources can be improved.
    keywords: experience; journey; library; mapping; scenario; service
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        item: #4451 of 5668
          id: crl-16642
      author: Boyd, Angela; Blue, Yolanda; Im, Suzanne
       title: Evaluation of Academic Library Residency Programs in the United States for Librarians of Color
        date: 2017-05-04
       words: 18880
      flesch: 45
     summary: These guidelines expected host institutions to report diversity efforts, offer residencies that were a minimum of one year in length with the possibility of a one-year extension, not consider the residency as a probationary employment period, be large enough to manage residencies effectively, include an educational component for residents, and offer residents salaries that were equivalent to starting salaries for other beginning professionals.34 Evaluation of Academic Library Residency Programs 477 Affirmative Action and Residency Programs Starting in the 1980s, library residency programs were shaped by affirmative action policies that aimed to increase the number of librarians of color in academic libraries. Brewer mentioned that the University of Delaware (1984) and the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) (1985) were the first institutions to implement library residency programs with minority recruitment as a programmatic focus in the mid-1980s.39 Due to the ban on affirmative action in California, the UCSB residency program continues, but it ceased to be used as a minority recruitment tool.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; mentoring; percent; program; research; residency; residency program; residents; university
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        item: #4452 of 5668
          id: crl-16643
      author: Luo, Lili; Kennedy, Marie; Brancolini, Kristine; Stephens, Michael
       title: Developing Online Communities for Librarian Researchers: A Case Study
        date: 2017-05-04
       words: 8071
      flesch: 41
     summary: Online communities are defined as “cyberspace[s] supported by computer-based information technology, centered upon communication and interaction of participants to generate member-driven content, resulting in a relationship being built.”24 Iriberri and Leroy25 reviewed the literature and identified the following benefits of online communities for individuals: • Information exchange—access a to a wide variety of members, information, and experiences • Social support—opportunity to provide/receive support, build and maintain social ties, and bond socially and generate social action • Social interaction—opportunity to meet people and build friendships • Time and location flexibility—flexible access to the community, flexible time management, and spatial and temporal independence • Permanency—ability to edit responses, ability to archive and search messages, ability to establish permanent social presence through photographs and text, and ability to control one’s level of participation in the community Researchers in different disciplines have studied online communities with differ- ent emphases—in computer science, technology media and mechanisms is the focus; in sociology, physical versus virtual community comparisons have attracted most researchers; in management, the emphasis is on the value of user-generated content; in psychology, relationship and attachment among community members have been extensively investigated; in information systems, researchers have concentrated on development, implementations, outcomes, and applications of online communities.26 Multiple theories have also been adopted to examine online communities, such as technology acceptance model (TAM), trust theory, social cognitive theory, social capital theory, social learning theory, social network theory, commitment theory, and social influence The area of online community research most relevant to our study is the exploration of determinants for online community success.
    keywords: cohort; communities; community; facebook; irdl; members; online; research; study
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        item: #4453 of 5668
          id: crl-16644
      author: Roberts, Linds West
       title: Research in the Real World: Improving Adult Learners Web Search and Evaluation Skills through Motivational Design and Problem-Based Learning
        date: 2017-05-04
       words: 11239
      flesch: 45
     summary: How do we increase students’ perception of the relevance and importance of information literacy skills for academic work and life in the real world? Heery noted that nontraditional students “often show an unusual degree of motivation and commitment” in spite of barriers such as time, family or job responsibilities, inadequate academic preparation for college work, and language or cultural barriers.45 The question for information literacy instructors be- comes, “How can we most effectively teach information literacy skills to nontraditional students during one-shot or noncredit library sessions, when the students are pressed for time and vary widely in their backgrounds and interests?” Knowles, Holton, and Swanson recognized the needs of adult learners in their work on andragogy.46 Adult learners want information they can immediately use and ap- ply to help solve problems or
    keywords: college; confidence; information; information literacy; learning; literacy; posttest; research; skills; students; workshop
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        item: #4454 of 5668
          id: crl-16646
      author: Frazier, Amy
       title: Managing Digital Cultural Objects: Analysis, Discovery and Retrieval. Eds. Allen Foster and Pauline Rafferty. Chicago: ALA Neal-Schuman, 2016. 256p. Paper $88.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-1343-7).
        date: 2017-05-04
       words: 1327
      flesch: 41
     summary: As digital objects become critically important in libraries and collections of all kinds, this book serves as a welcome view across the landscape of digital collections, considering both current practice and future possibilities. Part 1 presents some of the philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of digital collections; part 2 presents three case studies of cultural digital collections and a special issue related to each; part 3 focuses on Web 2.0 platforms, social media, and other spaces where the user might both access and create digital objects.
    keywords: chapter; digital
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        item: #4455 of 5668
          id: crl-16647
      author: McFall, Lisa M.
       title: Building Trustworthy Digital Repositories: Theory and Implementation. Ed. Philip C. Bantin. Lanham, Md.: Roman & Littlefield, 2016. 371p. Paper, $65.00 (ISBN 978-1-4422-6378-9).
        date: 2017-05-04
       words: 1291
      flesch: 47
     summary: In the preface, Bantin states that this book was conceived to help fill a critical gap in the literature demonstrating the connection of the theory of constructing trustworthy digital repositories with examples of how to complete this implementation. Paper, $65.00 (ISBN 978- 1-4422-6378-9). Building Trustworthy Digital Repositories provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of how to create and support the development of digital repositories and archives.
    keywords: digital; repository
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        item: #4456 of 5668
          id: crl-16648
      author: McGuire, Michael C.
       title: Library Technology Buying Strategies. Ed. Marshall Breeding. Chicago: ALA editions, 2016. 136p. Paper, $55.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-1467-0).
        date: 2017-05-04
       words: 1341
      flesch: 60
     summary: The clear scope, understandable writing, and shortcuts like the sidebars make this volume valuable for any library staff considering purchasing library technology. This placement is not by accident—the processes outlined in these chapters are the first steps to help library staff focus on what they really expect from new technology and how to realistically examine the available op- tions.
    keywords: book; technology
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        item: #4457 of 5668
          id: crl-16649
      author: Mikulski, Richard M.
       title: Being Evidence Based in Library and Information Practice. Eds. Denise Koufogiannakis and Alison Brettle. London: Facet Publishing, 2016. xiv, 224p. Paper, $75.00 (ISBN 978-1-78330-071-6).
        date: 2017-05-04
       words: 1927
      flesch: 44
     summary: In an edited volume examining “evidence based library and information practice” (EBLIP), this question is not tongue-in-cheek. Due to its broad scope, it will introduce readers to EBLIP practice, though those interested in more detail will need to consult the journal Evidence Based Librarianship and Information Practice, which Koufogiannakis cofounded and edited.
    keywords: eblip; practice; work
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        item: #4458 of 5668
          id: crl-16689
      author: Silva, Elise; Galbraith, Quinn
       title: Salary Negotiation Patterns between Women and Men in Academic Libraries
        date: 2018-04-04
       words: 6555
      flesch: 42
     summary: Researchers surveyed professional librarians employed in ARL (Association of Research Libraries) member institutions and found that women were statistically less likely than their male counterparts to engage in salary negotiations; and, when they did negotiate, they were less successful than men. In national discussions, salary negotiation and wage discrepancy trends are well studied, particularly from a gender perspective.4 Such trends are of particular interest in academic libraries, as evidenced by the yearly ARL salary survey, which studies equity within the profession.
    keywords: academic; female; gender; libraries; negotiation; salary; women
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        item: #4459 of 5668
          id: crl-16690
      author: Stilling, Glenn Ellen Starr; Byrd, Allison S.; Mazza, Emily Rose; Bergman, Shawn M.
       title: Still a Deadly Disease? Performance Appraisal Systems in Academic Libraries in the United States
        date: 2018-04-04
       words: 16015
      flesch: 45
     summary: We discovered two gaps in the literature: the absence of a comprehensive, up-to-date snapshot of library PA systems and the need for a better understanding of job feedback in library PA systems. Similarly, whether writing about competencies and proficiencies or some other method for evaluating a subset of library work, authors should discuss how the evalu- ation method is, or could be, included in library PA systems.
    keywords: academic; annual; appraisal; evaluation; feedback; libraries; library; performance; performance appraisal; system; ¨ ¨
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        item: #4460 of 5668
          id: crl-16691
      author: Clark, Joe C.; Johnstone, Jennifer
       title: Exploring the Research Mindset and Information-Seeking Behaviors of Undergraduate Music Students
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 8558
      flesch: 52
     summary: Based on existing literature, music students exhibited research practices similar to those in other academic fields. Literature Review While no published mixed-method studies specifically address the research process of music students, a number have explored how university students conduct research.
    keywords: information; library; music; percent; research; resources; students
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        item: #4461 of 5668
          id: crl-16712
      author: Ostos, Manuel
       title: What Do They Use? Where Do They Get It? An Interdisciplinary Citation Analysis of Latin American Studies Faculty Monographs, 2004–2013
        date: 2017-07-14
       words: 4357
      flesch: 48
     summary: As a result of the interdisciplinary nature of Latin American studies research, library collec- tions and services should include resources and methodologies from across disciplines. This finding indicates the importance of maintaining existing collections and collecting retrospectively to support Latin American studies research.
    keywords: american; book; latin; libraries; research; studies
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        item: #4462 of 5668
          id: crl-16713
      author: Zhang, Tao; Niu, Xi; Promann, Marlen
       title: Assessing the User Experience of E-Books in Academic Libraries
        date: 2017-07-14
       words: 7911
      flesch: 50
     summary: Along with the design recommendations, we have also included a set of notes for improving library instructions of e-book users. Finding Information in E-Books The difference of e-book experience significantly affected how participants completed the test tasks.
    keywords: books; easy; experience; libraries; participants; search; user
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        item: #4463 of 5668
          id: crl-16714
      author: Bossaller, Jenny S.; Moulaison Sandy, Heather
       title: Documenting the Conversation: A Systematic Review of Library Discovery Layers
        date: 2017-07-14
       words: 8228
      flesch: 37
     summary: Research Questions Two research questions guided the current study: RQ1: What is being communicated about library discovery in the scholarly literature, and where is it being published? More specifically relevant to our question, Ping Fu and Moira Fitzgerald studied the effects of ILSs on library systems and technical services staff- ing models, and especially in how systems work blends workflows between technical and user services.35 Despite evidence of convergence, we believe that librarians continue to focus their research initiatives and publishing on work that will be understood by and will be of direct benefit 1) to other librarians with similar job duties or workflows, or 2) to a 608 College & Research Libraries July 2017 much broader, generalist readership in their kind of library (academic, public, school, or other).
    keywords: articles; discovery; journals; layers; libraries; library; research; systems
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        item: #4464 of 5668
          id: crl-16715
      author: Nierenberg, Ellen
       title: A Comparison of Nursing and Teacher Education Students’ Information Literacy Learning: Results from Norway, 2016
        date: 2017-07-14
       words: 10421
      flesch: 54
     summary: Nursing students had higher self-assessments than teacher education students in the second survey, despite their identical self-assessments in the first survey (see figure 2). Nursing students were 15 percent more con- fident than teacher education students in their ability to critically evaluate sources of information.
    keywords: education; information; nursing; sources; students; survey; teacher
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        item: #4465 of 5668
          id: crl-16716
      author: Albarillo, Frans
       title: Is the Library’s Online Orientation Program Effective with English Language Learners?
        date: 2017-07-14
       words: 11204
      flesch: 50
     summary: These data show that, overall, ELLs students scored slightly lower than their non-ELL counterparts and that ELLs, on the average, found the LOOP more useful than their non- ELL colleagues. Librarians who begin researching the term will find that ELL is an umbrella term that not only includes ESL students and language minority students (the two specific populations that are identified in this study), but also includes other groups like non-native English speakers, international students, and generation 1.5 students.
    keywords: college; data; ells; english; esl; language; library; loop; quiz; research; students
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        item: #4466 of 5668
          id: crl-16717
      author: Farrell, Shannon L.; Neeser, Amy E.; Bishoff, Carolyn
       title: Academic Uses of Video Games: A Qualitative Assessment of Research and Teaching Needs at a Large Research University
        date: 2017-07-14
       words: 10496
      flesch: 43
     summary: To answer these questions, we identified scholars at UMN who work with video games or video game technology. We excluded researchers studying “game theory” (a mathematical concept) or studying analog games such as board games or logic puzzles because our interest was in needs related to video game technology.
    keywords: academic; faculty; games; libraries; needs; research; students; technology; video; video games
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        item: #4467 of 5668
          id: crl-16718
      author: Spicer, Scott; Horbal, Andrew
       title: The Future of Video Playback Capability in College and University Classrooms
        date: 2017-07-14
       words: 8104
      flesch: 42
     summary: Limitations Question 7 of our survey, “[i]f yes, please specify the timeframe for phased retirement of classroom playback equipment support,” is ambiguously worded: although our results seem to indicate that respondents interpreted this question correctly, it’s pos- sible that some were confused about whether we were asking about the timeframe for phasing out classroom playback equipment (what we intended) or just support for this equipment. Less com- mon responses included classroom playback equipment support not being a part of the department’s long-term strategic planning (33%), the existence of a campus digitization service (30%), and budget reductions (11%).
    keywords: classroom; dvd; equipment; libraries; media; playback; support; video
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        item: #4468 of 5668
          id: crl-16719
      author: Johnson, Kelli
       title: Ann Whitney Gleason. New Methods of Teaching and Learning in Libraries. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017. 200p. Paper, $55.00 (ISBN 978-1-4422-6411-3).
        date: 2017-07-14
       words: 1208
      flesch: 52
     summary: She begins with a brief history of library instruction and then moves into a discussion of today’s learners, emphasizing the changing nature of the student. The author consid- ers the need for information literacy instruction, the importance of lesson planning and design, and the need for assessing and improving library instruction.
    keywords: gleason; library
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        item: #4469 of 5668
          id: crl-16721
      author: Litsey, Ryan
       title: The Small and Rural Academic Library: Leveraging Resources and Overcoming Limitations. Eds. Kaetrena Davis Kendrick and Deborah Tritt. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2016. 2016. 264p. Paper, $56.00 (ISBN 978-083898900-5).
        date: 2017-07-14
       words: 1335
      flesch: 51
     summary: Overall, this book presents some much needed information on linked data in terms of libraries, BIBFRAME, and how these have the potential to open library data to the Web. The organization of the case studies affords each of the authors an opportunity to provide specific practical applications of library services at small and rural academic libraries.
    keywords: academic; library
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        item: #4470 of 5668
          id: crl-16722
      author: Bossaller, Jenny S.
       title: Choosing to Lead: The Motivational Factors of Underrepresented Minority Librarians in Higher Education. Ed. Antonia P. Olivas. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2017. 151p. Paper, $38.00 (ISBN 978-083898887-9).
        date: 2017-07-14
       words: 1351
      flesch: 54
     summary: The stories illustrate that, instead presenting the graying of the profession as a crisis, it is an opportunity for the profession to step up efforts to recruit, retain, and promote minority librarians so that they can fill the ranks of retiring management and leader- ship.—Jenny S. Bossaller, University of Missouri New Directions for Special Collections: An Anthology of Practice. Happily, it can now be read in conjunction with Griffin’s updated version, which of- fers both a picture of the practicalities of special collections librarianship today (“The great recession of 2008 is still an economic reality here.
    keywords: librarians; special
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        item: #4471 of 5668
          id: crl-16723
      author: Hart, Dana
       title: New Directions for Special Collections: An Anthology of Practice. Eds. Lynne M. Thomas and Beth M. Whittaker. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited, 2017. 249p. $85.00 (ISBN 978-1-4408-4290-0).
        date: 2017-07-14
       words: 1325
      flesch: 52
     summary: But for now the essays in this volume capture exactly what they set out to: a snapshot of current topics and trends in special collections libraries, as well as a valuable resource for students and profes- sionals alike.—Dana Hart, Thomas J. Watson Library, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Collaborating for Impact: Special Collections and Liaison Librarian Partnerships. The stories illustrate that, instead presenting the graying of the profession as a crisis, it is an opportunity for the profession to step up efforts to recruit, retain, and promote minority librarians so that they can fill the ranks of retiring management and leader- ship.—Jenny S. Bossaller, University of Missouri New Directions for Special Collections: An Anthology of Practice.
    keywords: collections; special
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        item: #4472 of 5668
          id: crl-16724
      author: Szpunar, Ruth
       title: Collaborating for Impact: Special Collections and Liaison Librarian Partnerships. Eds. Kristen Totleben and Lori Birrell. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2016. 270p. $60.00 (ISBN 978-083898883-1).
        date: 2017-07-14
       words: 1357
      flesch: 51
     summary: But for now the essays in this volume capture exactly what they set out to: a snapshot of current topics and trends in special collections libraries, as well as a valuable resource for students and profes- sionals alike.—Dana Hart, Thomas J. Watson Library, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Collaborating for Impact: Special Collections and Liaison Librarian Partnerships. The article addresses a profoundly 21st-century concern of special collections librarians, that “Preservation professionals will spend more time and resources preparing for and then inevitably responding to the increase in climate change-induced emergencies” (145).
    keywords: collections; special
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        item: #4473 of 5668
          id: crl-16726
      author: Thomas, Camille V.L.; Urban, Richard J.
       title: What Do Data Librarians Think of the MLIS? Professionals’ Perceptions of Knowledge Transfer, Trends, and Challenges
        date: 2018-04-04
       words: 10908
      flesch: 40
     summary: Camille V.L. Thomas and Richard J. Urban* There are existing studies on data curation programs in library science education and studies on data services in libraries. ”14 It is important to know how effectively data curation knowledge is transferred from education to professional practice as data curation programs develop.
    keywords: curation; data; data curation; digital; education; information; library; programs; research; science; services; university
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        item: #4474 of 5668
          id: crl-16729
      author: Lowe, M. Sara; Maxson, Bronwen K.; Stone, Sean M.; Miller, Willie; Snajdr, Eric; Hanna, Kathleen
       title: The Boolean is Dead, Long Live the Boolean! Natural Language versus Boolean Searching in Introductory Undergraduate Instruction
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 8940
      flesch: 48
     summary: Do Boolean searches retrieve more relevant results than natural language searches? Interestingly, the use of filters in Academic Search Premier had more effect with Boolean searches than natural language searches.
    keywords: boolean; information; language; natural; natural language; relevant; research; results; search; students
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        item: #4475 of 5668
          id: crl-16730
      author: Rodgers, Wendy
       title: Buy, Borrow, or Steal? Film Access for Film Studies Students
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 11907
      flesch: 62
     summary: This project was conceived as a descriptive study aimed at observing film access for film studies students. Literature Review This research examines the experiences and needs of film studies students, faculty, and librarians, which have not been addressed directly in the literature.
    keywords: access; faculty; films; libraries; library; online; peer; students; studies
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        item: #4476 of 5668
          id: crl-16731
      author: Luo, Lili
       title: Experiencing Evidence-Based Library and Information Practice (EBLIP): Academic Librarians' Perspective
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 7866
      flesch: 40
     summary: To determine what actions will lead to desired outcomes at acceptable costs and without unwanted consequences Know-who (to involve) To identify the stakeholders that need to be involved for potential actions Know-about (problems) To understand the nature, history and characteristics of existing problems/ phenomena/situations in context Know-how (to put into practice) To investigate how to perform an action or implement a solution effectively Purposes of using evidence to support decision making Instrumental use Evidence is used to directly influence a specific decision, or a solution to a specific problem Strategic or tactical use Evidence is used as an instrument of persuasion to support or challenge an existing position Imposed use Evidence is used as a requirement imposed by others, such as the funding agency Conceptual use Evidence is used to impact the knowledge, understanding, and attitudes of practitioners and decision-makers Sources of evidence Hard evidence Tangible evidence, including published literature, existing statistics, local research findings, and non-scholarly publications Soft evidence Intangible evidence, including human knowledge/input and anecdotes Experiencing Evidence-Based Library and Information Practice 559 “Recently we subscribed to a streaming video website, where we were allowed to choose 150 titles that we wanted to put on the streaming site. This hierarchy only includes research evidence and is arranged in descend- ing order of the evidence’s methodological soundness.
    keywords: eblip; evidence; information; librarians; library; practice; research; study; use
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        item: #4477 of 5668
          id: crl-16732
      author: Potvin, Sarah
       title: And Who Will Review the Review(er)s?
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 4229
      flesch: 34
     summary: “The referee is the lynchpin about which the whole business of Science is pivoted.”1 “As a human enterprise, peer review is inherently ideological: no amount of scientific training will completely mask the human impulses to partisanship. ”2 Peer review maintains an implacable presence in the collaborative enterprise of schol- arly production.
    keywords: digital; peer; peer review; review; reviewers; scholarly
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        item: #4478 of 5668
          id: crl-16733
      author: Oltmann, Shannon M.
       title: Intellectual Freedom in Academic Libraries: Surveying Deans about Its Significance
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 9436
      flesch: 43
     summary: In this study, deans and directors of academic libraries were surveyed about intellectual freedom. The survey found that most respondents said they rarely think about intellectual freedom yet said it was “somewhat” or “very” important in their libraries.
    keywords: academic; freedom; intellectual; intellectual freedom; libraries; library; respondents
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        item: #4479 of 5668
          id: crl-16735
      author: Fitzgibbons, Megan; Kloda, Lorie; Miller-Nesbitt, Andrea
       title: Exploring the Value of Academic Librarians’ Participation in Journal Clubs
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 7374
      flesch: 35
     summary: Exploring the Value of Academic Librarians’ Participation in Journal Clubs 783 Previous literature connects journal clubs to evidence-based practice.24 The present study contributes specific examples of how journal club participants realize this connec- tion, as many reported using critical appraisal tools, aiming to develop research capac- ity, and incorporating studies discussed in their journal club in their decision-making processes or project work. In addition to describing the impacts of participating in journal clubs, study participants also provided thoughts on what makes a journal club successful as well as potential achievements of journal club.
    keywords: clubs; journal; journal clubs; librarians; participants; research; study
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        item: #4480 of 5668
          id: crl-16736
      author: Lo, Leo S.; Herman, Bethany
       title: An Investigation of Factors Impacting the Wellness of Academic Library Employees
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 8811
      flesch: 51
     summary: Further research into what affects academic library employee wellness can include an examination of the different types of academic libraries. Additional investigation of this nature could prove valuable for academic libraries and institutions of Higher Education as employers to develop programs and policies to support employee wellness.
    keywords: employees; library; overwhelmed; respondents; wellness; work
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        item: #4481 of 5668
          id: crl-16738
      author: Tenopir, Carol; Dalton, Elizabeth D.; Christian, Lisa; Jones, Misty K.; McCabe, Mark; Smith, MacKenzie; Fish, Allison
       title: Imagining a Gold Open Access Future: Attitudes, Behaviors, and Funding Scenarios among Authors of Academic Scholarship
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 10343
      flesch: 53
     summary: But when it comes to the idea that articles published in Open Access journals are of lower quality than those published in subscription-based journals, it is faculty who express the strongest agreement.27 But these two subject areas differ somewhat when it comes to the idea that articles published in Open Access journals are of lower quality than those published in subscription-based journals, with those from social science agreeing slightly more with this statement than those from arts/humanities.31 Open Access Scenarios Respondents were asked to imagine a future in which open access with APC payment was the dominant publishing model.
    keywords: access; libraries; open; open access; publishing; research; sciences
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        item: #4482 of 5668
          id: crl-16739
      author: Thorngate, Sarah; Hoden, Allison
       title: Exploratory Usability Testing of User Interface Options in LibGuides 2
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 9265
      flesch: 51
     summary: Structural features of the user interface, such as page layout and navigation, shape the learning environment and direct students’ attention. Although we specifically asked for preferences based on page layout and not on content, several participants did base their decision on the content of the page.
    keywords: column; layout; libguides; navigation; page; research; testing; usability
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        item: #4483 of 5668
          id: crl-16740
      author: Anderson, Christopher K.
       title: Forging the Future of Special Collections. Arnold Hirshon, Robert H. Jackson, and Melissa A. Hubbard, eds. Chicago: Neal-Schuman, 2016. 202p. Paper, $85.00 (ISBN 978-08389-1386-4).
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 1840
      flesch: 41
     summary: These partnerships are crucial for collection building and the future growth of special collections libraries. The inclusion of these professionals showcases the interplay and significant roles each have in the development and enhancement of special collections libraries.
    keywords: collections; future; special
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        item: #4484 of 5668
          id: crl-16741
      author: Budd, John M.
       title: Academic Librarianship Today. Todd Gilman, ed. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017. 248p. Paper, $55.00 (ISBN 978-1-4422-7875-2).
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 1994
      flesch: 51
     summary: Todd Gilman has put together a first-rate book on the issues facing academic libraries and librarians today. She also succinctly presents the major alterations in collections and access to information that are affecting most, if not all, academic libraries.
    keywords: book; collections; libraries
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        item: #4485 of 5668
          id: crl-16742
      author: Curtis, Scott
       title: Mark Aaron Polger and Scott Sheidlower. Engaging Diverse Learners: Teaching Strategies for Academic Librarians. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited, 2017. 164p. Paper, $60.00 (ISBN 978-1-4408-3850-7).
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 1269
      flesch: 50
     summary: Academic librarians in teaching roles face a recurring challenge to make connections with students that result in student learning of the desired content. With the recognition that our students come to college from a diversity of backgrounds and with a range of learning styles, the authors hope to inspire the reader to seek out and use different techniques to improve student engagement.
    keywords: book; students
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        item: #4486 of 5668
          id: crl-16744
      author: Sly, Jordan S.
       title: Timothy Snyder. On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century. New York: Tim Duggan Books, 2017. 126p. Paper, $7.99 (ISBN 978-0-8041-9011-4).
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 2441
      flesch: 47
     summary: For example, the authors discuss thinking programmatically about information literacy instruction and thinking about separate sessions as part of a larger whole. Professional librarians adhere, at least in theory, to the ALA Code of Ethics—a document that outlines our general philoso- phies on access and censorship with regard to library users.
    keywords: book; librarians; professional; snyder
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        item: #4487 of 5668
          id: crl-16763
      author: Anderson, Amelia
       title: Autism and the Academic Library: A Study of Online Communication
        date: 2018-07-02
       words: 7813
      flesch: 44
     summary: Training opportunities are desired by librarians, and training materials are currently available in various formats, including asynchronous online modules specifically designed for busy librarians.47 Conclusion This study was an initial exploration into the experiences of college students with ASD and academic library experiences. This exploratory study used an unobtrusive qualitative content analysis design to explore the experiences of students with ASD in academic libraries.
    keywords: asd; autism; college; individuals; library; social; students; study
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        item: #4488 of 5668
          id: crl-16764
      author: Godbey, Samantha
       title: Testing Future Teachers: A Quantitative Exploration of Factors Impacting the Information Literacy of Teacher Education Students
        date: 2018-07-02
       words: 7446
      flesch: 37
     summary: Nonetheless, research has shown that PK–12 teachers often lack the information literacy skills and knowledge required for their work.20 Teachers are not necessarily familiar with information literacy as a concept; they are also not prepared to teach information literacy to their students and do so inconsistently.21 Even school librar- ians, who are better versed in information literacy as a concept, lack preparation in information literacy pedagogy.22 Research has demonstrated the importance of integrating information literacy into teacher education programs.23 Lee, Reed, and Laverty explored the degree to which one teacher education program had prepared preservice teachers for teaching informa- tion literacy and found than more than half of the participants had neither acquired new skills nor felt that they had the opportunity to improve research skills in their program.24 In a survey of education majors and school media specialists, Stockham and Collins found that many education students and recent graduates were unfamiliar with information literacy terminology and concepts.25 To ameliorate this deficiency, teacher educators and librarians alike have encouraged collaboration between the two to effectively teach information literacy skills to students.26 Nonetheless, a review of the literature reveals a lack of studies that provide a direct assessment of the information literacy skills among teacher education students. Identifying ways to assess these integrated abilities will challenge librarians and campus partners to take an integrated approach to information literacy and information literacy assessment.
    keywords: assessment; education; information; information literacy; iskills; literacy; students; study
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        item: #4489 of 5668
          id: crl-16765
      author: Albarillo, Frans
       title: Information Code-Switching: A Study of Language Preferences in Academic Libraries
        date: 2018-07-02
       words: 11109
      flesch: 51
     summary: Carol Myers-Scotton, a linguist writing in the 1990s about research in code-switching, summarizes Gumperz’s characterization of CS as the use of language codes as a type of “social strategy” As the CS data suggest, our libraries are not monolingual spaces, so making sure that printers can print in different scripts (and in general having technology capable of supporting users’ linguistic preferences), as well as having welcome signage in other languages are steps that libraries can take to make non-English speakers feel more included when using the library as a space for studying or meeting with classmates.
    keywords: academic; code; english; information; language; library; students; survey; switching; use
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        item: #4490 of 5668
          id: crl-16766
      author: Carlozzi, Michael J.
       title: They Found It--Now Do They Bother? An Analysis of First-Year Synthesis
        date: 2018-07-02
       words: 7083
      flesch: 39
     summary: An Analysis of First-Year Synthesis Michael J. Carlozzi* This paper presents assessment data from a first-year writing library partnership to examine the relationship between student source use and written synthesis. The project assessed student IL skills through various measures, but the outcome of relevance here concerns written synthesis.
    keywords: class; information; library; outside; research; students; synthesis; writing
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        item: #4491 of 5668
          id: crl-16767
      author: Hare, Sarah; Evanson, Cara
       title: Information Privilege Outreach for Undergraduate Students
        date: 2018-09-06
       words: 6181
      flesch: 37
     summary: Additionally, the Framework does not offer any guidance on how to teach students about information privilege as a concept or how to help students grasp that not everyone enjoys the same level of information access. The Ethics of Information Access We started building campus awareness about information privilege with a panel on the ethical dimensions of information access in fall 2015.
    keywords: access; booth; davidson; information; outreach; privilege; students
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        item: #4492 of 5668
          id: crl-16768
      author: Moksness, Lars; Olsen, Svein Ottar
       title: Trust Versus Perceived Quality in Scholarly Publishing: A Personality-Attitude-Intention Approach
        date: 2018-07-02
       words: 7387
      flesch: 44
     summary: FIGURE 1 Conceptual Model 674 College & Research Libraries July 2018 H1b: Trust has a significant and negative effect on the intention to submit articles to non-OA journals. Perceived quality has a significant and positive effect on the intention to submit articles to non-OA journals.
    keywords: intention; open; perceived; personality; publishing; quality; trust
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        item: #4493 of 5668
          id: crl-16785
      author: Kaspar, Wendi Arant
       title: The Role and Responsibility of Peer Review
        date: 2017-10-30
       words: 1585
      flesch: 53
     summary: The selection process is fairly straightfor- ward—peer reviewers have been chosen in a few ways: either, an individual contacts the editor or fills out the ALA volunteer form, indicating interest in working with the journal; the editor may extend an invitation after reviewing their publication expe- doi:10.5860/crl.78.7.874 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.78.7.874 Editorial 875 rience; or a library scholar is chosen based on the expertise needed for the journal, often due to an emerging area or an abundance of submissions on a topic. Throughout the year, we have explored different ways in which peer review mani- fests—in journal articles, in research data, and in professional practice.
    keywords: peer; review
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        item: #4494 of 5668
          id: crl-16786
      author: Dahlen, Sarah P.C.; Hanson, Kathlene
       title: Preference vs. Authority: A Comparison of Student Searching in a Subject-Specific Indexing and Abstracting Database and a Customized Discovery Layer
        date: 2017-10-30
       words: 10666
      flesch: 51
     summary: Looking at which search tool students felt would be most useful in their coursework, the results presented in table 4 are consistent with the previous two questions. Does the type of library search tool used by students affect the quality of infor- mation sources that students select? 2.
    keywords: articles; rater; search; students; summon; tool
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        item: #4495 of 5668
          id: crl-16788
      author: Yoon, Ayoung; Schultz, Teresa
       title: Research Data Management Services in Academic Libraries in the US: A Content Analysis of Libraries’ Websites
        date: 2017-10-30
       words: 6500
      flesch: 38
     summary: Conclusion This study examined library data management webpages to understand the landscape of research data management services. and Steinhart focused specifically on data policy and tried to understand how data policy is implemented and how it impacts data services at institutions.21 Other studies have tried to understand data management services, practices, and needs in an international context.22 These studies provide the baseline understanding of the current status of the field and highlight important implications for strategic data management planning in libraries, as well as in library information science (LIS) education for future professionals.
    keywords: data; data management; information; libraries; management; research; services
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        item: #4496 of 5668
          id: crl-16789
      author: Mierzecka, Anna; Kisilowska, Małgorzata; Suminas, Andrius
       title: Researchers’ Expectations Regarding the Online Presence of Academic Libraries
        date: 2017-10-30
       words: 8271
      flesch: 37
     summary: The article reports the results of a survey conducted among the Polish and Lithuanian academics concerning their information needs and expectations regarding academic library websites. Among such tools, a prominent role is played by academic library websites providing the users with the opportunity for information literacy training as well as access to Anna Mierzecka, Małgorzata Kisilowska, and Andrius Suminas are Assistant Professors at Faculty of Journalism, Information and Book Studies at the University of Warsaw, and Andrius Suminas is also As- sociated Professor at Faculty of Communication at Vilnius University; e-mail: anna.mierzecka@uw.edu.pl, emka@uw.edu.pl, andrius.suminas@kf.vu.lt.
    keywords: academic; academic library; information; libraries; library; online; research; resources
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        item: #4497 of 5668
          id: crl-16790
      author: Sterman, Leila Belle; Clark, Jason A.
       title: Citations as Data: Harvesting the Scholarly Record of Your University to Enrich Institutional Knowledge and Support Research
        date: 2017-10-30
       words: 6256
      flesch: 44
     summary: We can get a general sense of our research publications with clues from grant funding and theses and dissertations, but research publications give us a tangible record of the impact on an academic field. Background Data Gathering In our first attempts at quantifying scholarship at MSU, we began a partnership be- tween our Library and our Office of Research and Economic Development to collect and disseminate information about research publications from MSU faculty.
    keywords: citation; data; faculty; information; library; publications; research; university
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        item: #4498 of 5668
          id: crl-16791
      author: Perry, Heather Brodie
       title: Information Literacy in the Sciences: Faculty Perception of Undergraduate Student Skill
        date: 2017-10-30
       words: 7496
      flesch: 44
     summary: Information Creation as a Process The frame “Information Creation as Process” can provide insight when librarians col- Information Literacy in the Sciences 973 laborate with science faculty on developing student research skills. The results of the questions asked clustered around five themes: 1) what faculty expect from student literature searches; 2) the gap between student performance and instructor expectations; 3) the instruction that students receive about the scientific literature; 4) the perception of the level of student evaluation skill; and 5) concerns about research integrity.
    keywords: faculty; information; librarians; literacy; literature; research; students
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        item: #4499 of 5668
          id: crl-16792
      author: Bussell, Hilary; Hagman, Jessica; Guder, Christopher S.
       title: Research Needs and Learning Format Preferences of Graduate Students at a Large Public University: An Exploratory Study
        date: 2017-10-30
       words: 9901
      flesch: 44
     summary: Because undergraduate research experiences vary widely, graduate students may not be prepared for graduate- level research when they matriculate.2 Once in graduate school, students do not always learn the skills they need to do independent research through their coursework.3 Many faculty members assume graduate students already know how to do research, and thus do not emphasize the acquisition of research skills in their roles as teachers and advi- sors.4 Graduate students are more likely to ask for help from their professors than from librarians, but academic programs do not always provide help in acquiring the skills to perform effective literature reviews and to engage in other research activities.5 Further, graduate students bring to their programs a variety of prior experiences, career goals, Hilary Bussell is Assistant Professor and Social Sciences Librarian at The Ohio State University Librar- ies; e-mail: bussell.21@osu.edu. Graduate students often begin research tasks with a Google search and show affinity for Google Scholar as an easy-to-use and useful tool for identifying research sources.10 At the same time, graduate students report dissatisfaction with library-based research tools even as librarians have sought to improve the breadth of resources available online to their patrons.
    keywords: campus; graduate; graduate students; library; needs; online; research; skills; students
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        item: #4500 of 5668
          id: crl-16795
      author: Greene, Harlan
       title: Engaging with Records and Archives: Histories and Theories. Fiorella Foscarini, Heather MacNeil, Bonnie Mak, and Gillian Oliver, eds. London: Facet Publishing, 2016. Paper, $85.00 (ISBN 978-1-78330-158-4).
        date: 2017-10-30
       words: 1218
      flesch: 49
     summary: This work is a welcome addition to published re- search in the area of digital scholarship, boasting an international lens and the helpful integration of the theo- retical with the practical. This book will be of greatest value to those in the academic library community with a focus in the area of digital scholarship.
    keywords: archives; scholarship
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        item: #4501 of 5668
          id: crl-16796
      author: Kosavic, Andrea
       title: Developing Digital Scholarship: Emerging Practices in Academic Libraries. Alison Mackenzie and Lindsey Martin, eds. Chicago: ALA Neal Schuman, 2016. 184p. Paper, $70.00 (ISBN: 978-0-8389-1555-4). LC 2017289052.
        date: 2017-10-30
       words: 1220
      flesch: 46
     summary: Not shy- ing away from exploring contrasting definitions of scholarship with digital scholarship and examining digital scholarship as an ideology, Martin sets a framework for the chapter and a strong foundation for the book. Martin incorporates Ernest Boyle’s four categories of scholarship into her opening thoughts and cleverly concludes her chapter with a mapping of digital scholarship activity to Boyer’s framework.
    keywords: digital; scholarship
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        item: #4502 of 5668
          id: crl-16797
      author: Shelton, Mark
       title: Mary Snyder Broussard. Reading, Research, and Writing: Teaching Information Literacy with Process-Based Research Assignments. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2017. 140p. Paper, $40.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8875-6).
        date: 2017-10-30
       words: 1806
      flesch: 52
     summary: With a focus on the process, the author organizes the book to examine the stages of the process intertwining it with how information literacy instruction can be improved and better serve student learning. Any academic librarian involved in reference and instruction can point to many titles that examine information literacy.
    keywords: book; chapter; writing
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        item: #4503 of 5668
          id: crl-16798
      author: Soltz, Marisa
       title: Connie Strittmatter and Virginia K. Bratton. Teaching Plagiarism Prevention to College Students: An Ethics-Based Approach. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016. 158p. Hardbound, $75.00 (ISBN 1-4422-6440-3). LC 2016-012049.
        date: 2017-10-30
       words: 1236
      flesch: 46
     summary: The authors state that one or more instruction sessions will most likely not change student ethical behaviors. Integrating plagiarism prevention instruction has the potential to create ethical students who will then become ethical professionals.
    keywords: book; plagiarism
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        item: #4504 of 5668
          id: crl-16824
      author: Gaha, Ula; Hinnefeld, Suzanne; Pellegrino, Catherine
       title: The Academic Library’s Contribution to Student Success: Library Instruction and GPA
        date: 2018-09-06
       words: 5340
      flesch: 36
     summary: This study examines the relationship between library instruction and graduating students’ four-year cumulative grade point averages for the classes of 2012-2015. After normalizing the GPAs by departments to ac- count for differences in departmental grading, a two-tailed t-test indicated a statistically significant increase in GPA among graduating students who were enrolled in classes in which at least one library instruction session was held (n=1,265) over students who were enrolled in no classes with library instruction (n=115).
    keywords: gpas; instruction; library; library instruction; students
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        item: #4505 of 5668
          id: crl-16826
      author: Schulte, Jurgen; Tiffen, Belinda; Edwards, Jackie; Abbott, Scott; Luca, Edward
       title: Shaping the Future of Academic Libraries: Authentic Learning for the Next Generation
        date: 2018-07-02
       words: 6811
      flesch: 28
     summary: To conclude the experience, library staff assisted teaching staff in organizing a miniconference hosted in the library at which student research teams presented their research findings, providing a “safe” environment for them to practice presentation and academic communication skills and gain an understanding of how skills in marketing, media, design, and event planning can contribute to the dissemination of scholarly work and the building of professional profiles. Similarly, the revitalization of library publishing programs provides new opportunities for libraries to assist in augmenting student learning with experiences Dr. Jurgen Schulte is a faculty in the School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, e-mail:
    keywords: academic; course; learning; library; research; skills; staff; students
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        item: #4506 of 5668
          id: crl-16827
      author: Michalak, Russell; Rysavy, Monica; Hunt, Kevin; Smith, Bernice; Worden, Joel
       title: Faculty Perceptions of Plagiarism: Insight for Librarians' Information Literacy Programs
        date: 2018-09-06
       words: 9674
      flesch: 48
     summary: With this in mind, this study was guided by two research questions: RQ1: How do faculty define plagiarism? RQ2: How do faculty attempt to deter student plagiarism? RQ3: To what extent are library information literacy resources used to combat plagiarism? If Yes Is Selected: Q15 Approximately how many honor code violation reports did you submit for instances of plagiarism in your classes during the 2015-2016 academic year? □ 0 (1) □ 1-3 (2) □ 4-6 (3) □ 7-10 (4) □ 10+ (5) Q16 Approximately how many instances of student plagiarism did you encounter during the 2015-2016 academic year but did not file honor code violation reports? □ 0 (1) □ 1-3 (2) □ 4-6 (3) □ 7-10 (4) □ 10+ (5) 764 College & Research Libraries September 2018 Q17
    keywords: agree; faculty; information; perceptions; plagiarism; students; ¦ ¦
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        item: #4507 of 5668
          id: crl-16829
      author: Shu, Fei; Mongeon, Philippe; Haustein, Stefanie; Siler, Kyle; Alperin, Juan Pablo; Larivière, Vincent
       title: Is It Such a Big Deal? On the Cost of Journal Use in the Digital Era
        date: 2018-09-06
       words: 6547
      flesch: 41
     summary: Escalating cost pressures, in addition to concerns about intellectual property owner- ship, have spurred resistance against the markets and institutions of academic publish- 796 College & Research Libraries September 2018 ing from faculty and other university stakeholders.44 Examples of this resistance include faculty boycotts of Elsevier (http://www.thecostofknowledge.com), cancellations of big deal bundles with large publishers and “flipping” journals from publisher affiliation to independent open access.45 Despite these initiatives, journal costs continue to rise above inflation rates, and profit margins for large publishers remain substantially higher than most other industries.46 Scholars need journals to conduct their research and to teach students, so the demand curve for academic journals will be difficult to shift. Access to academic journals is essential for scholars to be aware of existing research and to disseminate their own findings.2 Fei Shu is a Professor at Chinese Academy of Science and Education Evaluation (CASSE), Hangzhou Dianzi University and is an Associated Researcher at École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l’information, Université de Montréal, e-mail: fei.shu28@gmail.com; Philippe Mongeon is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Center for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden University, e-mail: p.mongeon@cwts. leidenuniv.nl; Stefanie Haustein is an Assistant Professor at School of Information Studies, University of Ottawa and is an Associated Researcher at Observatoire des Sciences et des Technologies (OST), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur la Science et
    keywords: academic; big; big deal; cost; deal; journals; libraries; publishers
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        item: #4508 of 5668
          id: crl-16846
      author: Sayre, Franklin; Riegelman, Amy
       title: The Reproducibility Crisis and Academic Libraries
        date: 2018-01-03
       words: 3945
      flesch: 27
     summary: In many cases, academic libraries are the natural organizations to lead ef- forts to implement recommendations from journals, funders, and societies to improve research reproducibility. Eligible candidates are required to demonstrate knowledge of “research integrity, research reproducibility, and open science” while also developing and teaching workshops on various tools like Open Science Framework, and specialized software like R.43 Other institutions have started adding reproducibility to job descriptions along with research services and data management.
    keywords: data; guidelines; reproducibility; research; science; support
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        item: #4509 of 5668
          id: crl-16847
      author: Aubele, Joseph
       title: Victoria Martin. Transdisciplinarity Revealed: What Librarians Need to Know. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited, 2017. 211p. Paper. $85.00 (ISBN 978-1-4408-4347-1).
        date: 2018-01-03
       words: 1079
      flesch: 33
     summary: It is sound advice, but readers should also know that part one (that is, chapters 1–9), offers an overview of the intellectual underpinnings and development of transdisciplinarity, a detailed description of the unique characteristics of transdisciplinary research as compared to other forms of knowledge creation, robust discussions on broad areas that impact the work of academic librarians (such as how transdisciplinarity strengthens scholarly research, implementing scholarly research to address societal issues, how transdisciplinarity is impacting scholarly communication), and more. But, according to Ms. Martin, the problem of collecting transdisciplinarity research is seen most acutely in the selec- tion process.
    keywords: martin; transdisciplinarity
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        item: #4510 of 5668
          id: crl-16849
      author: Mitchell, Michael R.
       title: Creative Instructional Design: Practical Applications for Librarians. Brandon K. West, Kimberly D. Hoffman, and Michelle Costello, eds. Chicago: ACRL, 2017. 396p. Paper, $72.00 (ISBN 978-0-83898-929-6).
        date: 2018-01-03
       words: 998
      flesch: 43
     summary: Taken together with the first volume, this set would be valuable additions to the reading of anyone involved in instruction and learning within the academic environment.—Alicia Hansen, College of the Holy Cross Creative Instructional Design: Practical Applications for Librarians. Creative Instructional Design largely fulfills its edi- tors’ statements in the introduction that “Instructional Design” is being defined broadly in this book to “ac- commodate the authors’ variety of approaches and perspectives” (ix).
    keywords: design; instructional
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        item: #4511 of 5668
          id: crl-16852
      author: Hegde, Asha L.; Boucher, Patricia M.; Lavelle, Allison D.
       title: How Do you Work? Understanding User Needs for Responsive Study Space Design
        date: 2018-11-01
       words: 9077
      flesch: 57
     summary: The survey asked these core questions: “how do students and faculty study/work,” “what environmental attributes enhance their studying and academic work experi- ences,” and “what creates an ideal study and work space.” Work space attributes: Research question 3 asked participants to rate attributes of a study/work space that could improve their ability to work or study in the three different TABLE 1 Study/Work Mode Preferences How do you like to work or study?
    keywords: faculty; library; sig; space; study; undergraduate; work
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        item: #4512 of 5668
          id: crl-16853
      author: Martin, Jason
       title: What Do Academic Librarians Value in a Leader? Reflections on Past Positive Library Leaders and a Consideration of Future Library Leaders
        date: 2018-09-06
       words: 12176
      flesch: 47
     summary: This study attempts to understand what academic librarians value in a leader by asking librarians to describe the traits of library leaders who have positively influenced them. Her findings indicated that library leaders needed vision, integrity, and skills in management, collaboration, and communication.47 Methodology This study’s purpose was to understand what traits academic librarians value in library leaders.
    keywords: change; followers; future; leader; leadership; librarians; library; library leaders; people; traits
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        item: #4513 of 5668
          id: crl-16854
      author: Liu, Qianxiu; Allard, Bradley; Lo, Patrick; Zhou, Qingshan; Jiang, Tianji; Itsumura, Hiroshi
       title: Library User Education as a Window to Understand Inquiry-Based Learning in the Context of Higher Education in Asia: A Comparative Study between Peking University and the University of Tsukuba
        date: 2019-01-07
       words: 12763
      flesch: 40
     summary: A study of university students in the United States found a connection between IL and user satisfaction of the library.23 Students with more advanced library skills found themselves more satisfied with the library and its services. The results of this study indicate that, compared with UT, PKU students on the whole expressed higher ratings in many areas toward the user education programs provided by their respective library, and they also had a more positive view about the professional competence of the user education (reference services) librarians.
    keywords: education; inquiry; learning; library; lue; pku; programs; research; students; university; user
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        item: #4514 of 5668
          id: crl-16855
      author: Kennedy, Marie R.; Brancolini, Kristine R.
       title: Academic Librarian Research: An Update to a Survey of Attitudes, Involvement, and Perceived Capabilities
        date: 2018-09-06
       words: 15168
      flesch: 46
     summary: Some of the obstacles to conducting research are reported as lack of time to complete a research project, unfamiliarity with the research process, lack of support for research (both emotional and monetary), lack of research confidence, discourag- ing jargon, inadequate education in research methods, and lack of motivation.16 Many librarians report that they received little or no training in research methods as part of their LIS master’s degree. Powell, Baker, and Mika also found a significant correlation between institutional support and librarians conducting research.59 The authors looked closer at two new items in the list of research support, formal and informal mentorship.
    keywords: academic; authors; degree; librarians; lis; master; research; survey
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        item: #4515 of 5668
          id: crl-16889
      author: Alverson, Jessica; Schwartz, Jennifer; Shultz, Sue
       title: Authentic Assessment of Student Learning in an Online Class: Implications for Embedded Practice
        date: 2019-01-07
       words: 5798
      flesch: 38
     summary: The increased amount of time that instruction librarians have spent working with online students has sparked conversa- tion about the sustainability of this level of librarian involvement. The activities that the librarian was expected to perform were murky, and the teaching faculty at times had different expectations from those of the librarian.9 Drawing from different research studies, Hoffman and Ramin establish a set of best practices for interacting with online students: creating a library module open to each online student, posting the librarian’s contact information in the course, posting in a single library- specific discussion board, posting information proactively, and including visuals in discus- sion board posts.10 Kvenild and colleagues surveyed a range of librarians at an open forum of two professional conferences about the most effective communication habits of librarians in embedded courses and found similar anecdotal advice.
    keywords: course; librarians; library; online; research; sources; students
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        item: #4516 of 5668
          id: crl-16890
      author: Dressler, Virginia; Kristof, Cindy
       title: The Right to Be Forgotten and Implications on Digital Collections: A Survey of ARL Member Institutions on Practice and Policy
        date: 2018-11-01
       words: 9523
      flesch: 47
     summary: A survey conducted in the spring of 2017 focused on the process of decision mak- ing by digital librarians for takedown requests in digital collections at ARL member institutions. Does an individual have a right to privacy within digital collections (broadly defined here), or are the First Amendment rights of free expression more important?
    keywords: collections; digital; digital collections; information; institutions; privacy; requests; right; survey; takedown
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        item: #4517 of 5668
          id: crl-16891
      author: Russell, Fiona; Rawson, Chris; Freestone, Chrissy; Currie, Michael; Kelly, Blair
       title: Parallel Lines: A Mixed Methods Impact Analysis of Co-Curricular Digital Literacy Online Modules on Student Results in First-Year Nursing
        date: 2018-11-01
       words: 8277
      flesch: 44
     summary: Correlation between Student Completion and Overall Marks There is a weak to moderate positive correlation between students’ final mark for the unit and the number of modules students completed. Carroll adopted the flipped classroom pedagogy with a group of health science students by developing online modules for students to complete prior to attending the class, with the intention of increasing student retention of information literacy skills.14 Online delivery of information literacy instruction is not constrained by the limits of a 50-minute one-shot class, and thus it offers greater scope for student skill development.
    keywords: evidence; information; learning; literacy; modules; online; practice; research; students; unit
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        item: #4518 of 5668
          id: crl-16910
      author: Kaspar, Wendi Arant
       title: Authorship Norms: Credit and Roles
        date: 2018-02-27
       words: 2375
      flesch: 49
     summary: While authors only give limited rights to their article to College & Research Libraries, other publications may not allow published authors to retain copyright. Even before starting to write a paper on the project, there are already questions about roles: • Should those who participated in the project be given co-authorship credit?
    keywords: authorship; journal; project
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        item: #4519 of 5668
          id: crl-16918
      author: Costello, Laura
       title: Mobile Technology and Academic Libraries: Innovative Services for Research and Learning. Robin Canuel and Chad Crichton, eds., for the Association of College and Research Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association. 2017. 284p. $68.00.
        date: 2018-02-27
       words: 1008
      flesch: 44
     summary: The book features an inclusive vision of mobile technologies that includes smartphones, tablets, and wearables like smartwatches, technology-enhanced glasses, and fitness trackers. The first three chapters orient the subject, focusing on evaluating mobile technologies and provid- ing library information through mobile channels.
    keywords: libraries; mobile
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        item: #4520 of 5668
          id: crl-16919
      author: Ferer, Elise
       title: Peer-Assisted Learning in Academic Libraries. Erin Rinto, John Watts, and Rosan Mitola, eds. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited, an Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2017. 220p. Paper, $65.00 (ISBN 978-1440846885).
        date: 2018-02-27
       words: 1204
      flesch: 43
     summary: The authors have broken the examples and institutions’ programs into three separate categories: information literacy in- struction, cocurricular outreach, and reference services, even though many peer programs in the text do not fit neatly into these categories. Just as the programs for peer learning are different, so are the methods of recruiting, training, mentoring, and continuing to educate students.
    keywords: libraries; peer
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        item: #4521 of 5668
          id: crl-16920
      author: Litsey, Ryan
       title: Leading in the New Academic Library. Becky Albitz, Christine Avery, and Diane Zabel, eds. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited. 2017. 195p. Paper, $55.00 (ISBN 978-1-4408-5113-1).
        date: 2018-02-27
       words: 1210
      flesch: 54
     summary: This book does a good job of illuminating some of the more nuts-and-bolts issues facing academic libraries currently and in the years to come.—Ryan Litsey, Texas Tech University A. Arro Smith. Some of the chapters include discussions of promoting leadership develop- ment and promoting and recruiting underrepresented groups in libraries.
    keywords: academic; library
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        item: #4522 of 5668
          id: crl-16923
      author: Walker, Lizzy
       title: David Thomas, Simon Fowler, and Valerie Johnson. The Silence of the Archive. London: Facet Publishing. 2017. 187p. $80.00 (ISBN 978-1783301553).
        date: 2018-02-27
       words: 1519
      flesch: 60
     summary: The third paradox refers to the increase of digital records and how this changes the position of archives. In Silence of the Archive, Thomas, Fowler, and Johnson present the case that archives do not, and cannot, provide a complete historical record by looking at gaps, or “silences,” relative to the contents of archives.
    keywords: archives; chapter
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        item: #4523 of 5668
          id: crl-16924
      author: Rasuli, Behrooz; Solaimani, Sam; Alipour-Hafezi, Mehdi
       title: Electronic Theses and Dissertations Programs: A Review of the Critical Success Factors
        date: 2019-01-07
       words: 8741
      flesch: 37
     summary: Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) is one of the relatively new channels and was launched in the early ’90s to facilitate access to students’ theses and dissertations.2 According to Park, Nam, and Oh, there is an in- creasing interest in integrated ETDs,3 and the number of ETD programs, in particular, at an institutional level, is increasing every year.4 Behrooz Rasuli is a PhD Candidate in Library and Information Science at Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc); email: rasouli@students.irandoc.ac.ir. Based on a structured review of the existing literature about ETDs, this study identifies the CSFs that are crucial for the implementation of ETD programs.
    keywords: content; digital; dissertations; electronic theses; etd; etds; factors; information; library; management; programs; study; success
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        item: #4524 of 5668
          id: crl-16925
      author: Roberts, Linds West; Welsh, Megan E.; Dudek, Brittany
       title: Instruction and Outreach for Transfer Students: A Colorado Case Study
        date: 2019-01-07
       words: 12882
      flesch: 36
     summary: Transfer students may be more likely to come from underrepresented backgrounds, be older, have full-time or part-time jobs, support dependents, be financially independent, and so on, and these demographic characteristics may impact their transition to their new institution.1 If colleges and universities are not prepared to meet the needs of students who are outside the “traditional” college student profile, then transfer students may experience obstacles at their new institution. These responses indicate that, while few libraries are providing transfer student–specific services, transfer students may receive outreach through campus opportunities meant for the general student population.
    keywords: academic; information; institutions; instruction; libraries; library; literacy; students; transfer; transfer students; year
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        item: #4525 of 5668
          id: crl-16943
      author: Kaspar, Wendi Arant
       title: Strategic Management and Situational Awareness in Academic Libraries
        date: 2018-04-04
       words: 805
      flesch: 42
     summary: They seek ways in which academic libraries can contribute to the education and research mission in higher education. 302 Editorial Strategic Management and Situational Awareness in Academic Libraries This special issue of College & Research Libraries addresses strategic management in academic libraries.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #4526 of 5668
          id: crl-16945
      author: Pinto, Maria; Fernández-Pascual, Rosaura; Marco, Francisco Javier García
       title: Self-learning of Information Literacy Competencies in Higher Education: The Perspective of Social Sciences Students
        date: 2019-03-01
       words: 10376
      flesch: 33
     summary: 43 To better understand the influence of degree program on IL learning styles, nonparametric methods were used. □ Autonomous learning students show higher belief-in-importance levels; self-effica- cious ones prefer the directed style.
    keywords: autonomous; competencies; education; information; information literacy; information science; learning; self; students; style
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        item: #4527 of 5668
          id: crl-16946
      author: Pearce, Alexa L.
       title: Discovery and the Disciplines: An Inquiry into the Role of Subject Databases through Citation Analysis
        date: 2019-03-01
       words: 10553
      flesch: 46
     summary: A Google-like single search box is one of the defin- ing features of web scale discovery tools, promising access to content from disparate source databases via a preharvested central index.2 The literature is at best anecdotal on this topic, tending to convey an assumption that web scale tools are well suited for novice users and uses while subject-specific databases can best serve more advanced discovery needs.3 Moreover, while libraries have produced a wealth of research to understand and evaluate web scale discovery tools in recent years, they have dedicated comparatively little evaluative attention to subject-specific databases, many of which are also known as abstracting and indexing (A&I) services.4
    keywords: citations; discovery; google; literature; research; sample; search; study; tools
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        item: #4528 of 5668
          id: crl-16947
      author: Mulliken, Adina
       title: Eighteen Blind Library Users’ Experiences with Library Websites and Search Tools in U.S. Academic Libraries: A Qualitative Study
        date: 2019-03-01
       words: 9080
      flesch: 48
     summary: Many times, blind screen reader users …are …busy looking for the right link or button among the clutter of numerous other links and buttons, many of which are simply promoting other products by the publisher.14 Though not explicitly stated in the article, Oswal’s “descriptive ethnography” appears to be based on his own experience. Headings are one of several techniques developers can use to make a page navigable for screen reader users.
    keywords: accessibility; blind; library; page; reader; screen; search; users
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        item: #4529 of 5668
          id: crl-16949
      author: Arendt, Julie; Peacemaker, Bettina; Miller, Hillary
       title: Same Question, Different World: Replicating an Open Access Research Impact Study
        date: 2019-04-03
       words: 8416
      flesch: 41
     summary: Electrical and Electronic Engineering (n = 299) 78 (26.1%) 16 (5.4%) 26 (8.7%) 177 (59.2%) 2 (0.7%) Mathematics (n = 576) 131 (22.7%) 250 (43.4%) 12 (2.1%) 82 (14.2%) 101 (17.5%) Same Question, Different World 313 Discussion This study observed similar patterns as those found by Antelman: free access articles receiving more citations than toll access articles and similar disciplinary differences in the depths of penetration of free access. The magnitude of the change in the number of citations to free access articles compared to toll access articles found in this study should be approached with caution.
    keywords: access; access articles; antelman; articles; citation; free; free access; open access; study
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        item: #4530 of 5668
          id: crl-16950
      author: Matusiak, Krystyna K.; Heinbach, Chelsea; Harper, Anna; Bovee, Michael
       title: Visual Literacy in Practice: Use of Images in Students’ Academic Work
        date: 2019-01-07
       words: 8226
      flesch: 40
     summary: Visual literacy emerges as a set of essential competencies for contemporary learners.4 Be- ing surrounded by visual media does not necessarily mean that students know how to find appropriate images, understand their meaning and cultural context, or integrate them into academic work. Many scholars recognize visual literacy as an important but often overlooked issue in higher education and advocate for teaching it alongside critical reading and other literacies.5 The Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) proposed a set of stan- dards for visual literacy competency for higher
    keywords: images; information; literacy; research; students; study; use; visual; visual literacy
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        item: #4531 of 5668
          id: crl-16953
      author: Kaspar, Wendi Arant
       title: Trafficking Inspiration
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 1828
      flesch: 58
     summary: This is compounded by the recent public scrutiny of higher education with regard to return on investment and accountability. While the waiting for a decision is agonizing, the contemplation of failure is equally nerve- wracking.
    keywords: innovation; learning; organization
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        item: #4532 of 5668
          id: crl-16954
      author: DesMarais, Janis L.
       title: The Handbook of Art and Design Librarianship, 2nd edition. Paul Glassman and Judy Dyki, eds. London, U.K.: Facet Publishing, 2017. 343p. $85.00, £69.95 (ISBN 978-1-78330-200-0).
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 1141
      flesch: 39
     summary: For example, chapter 1: “The Governance and Administration of the Art and Design Library” and chapter 7: “Developing Digital Collections,” although written by individuals close to if not in art libraries, perhaps reveal that some aspects of and procedures in librarianship are universal. “Knowledge Creation” is a newly added section (one chapter from this part is an updated version of what ap- peared in the “Materials and Collection Management” section of the first edition) that explores the art library and art librarianship within the context of digital art history, digital humanities, and scholarly communication.
    keywords: art; design
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        item: #4533 of 5668
          id: crl-16957
      author: McGuire, Michael C.
       title: Nicole Hennig. Keeping Up with Emerging Technologies: Best Practices for Information Professionals. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited, an imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2017.
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 1280
      flesch: 56
     summary: At first, the latter chapter seems to belong in a different volume, but the author demonstrates that any work on adopting new technology needs to take into account different abilities and circumstances of library users. (82) Chapter 7 introduces the reader to ideas for adopting new technologies, including how to conduct a pilot program or other methods of testing new equipment or models for new uses of existing technology.
    keywords: chapter; information
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        item: #4534 of 5668
          id: crl-16958
      author: Ryan, Michael
       title: Participatory Heritage. Henriette Roued-Cunliffe and Andrea Copeland, eds., for the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals. London, U.K.: Facet Publishing, 2017. 213p. Paper. $74.98 (ISBN 978-1-78330-132-2).
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 1826
      flesch: 52
     summary: At some institutions, student research was approached with a festive air and competitive spirit, such as at Kennesaw State University. Heritage groups want their material (archives, websites, and the like) for their own ends, and those often fly in the face of stability, continuity, and preservation.
    keywords: chapter; heritage; research
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        item: #4535 of 5668
          id: crl-16959
      author: Szpunar, Ruth
       title: Undergraduate Research and the Academic Librarian: Case Studies and Best Practices. Merinda Kaye Hensley and Stephanie Davis-Kahl, eds. Chicago, Ill.: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2017. 348p. $65.00 (ISBN 978-083898908-1).
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 899
      flesch: 54
     summary: At some institutions, student research was approached with a festive air and competitive spirit, such as at Kennesaw State University. Multiple chapters discuss support of undergraduate research journals, such as at the New College of Florida, where students doing an independent study were inspired to start a research journal of their own.
    keywords: research
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        item: #4536 of 5668
          id: crl-16989
      author: Harland, Fiona; Stewart, Glenn; Bruce, Christine
       title: Leading the Academic Library in Strategic Engagement with Stakeholders: A Constructivist Grounded Theory
        date: 2019-04-03
       words: 9272
      flesch: 35
     summary: Key contributions of this work include establishing a strategic frame- work for engagement with stakeholders and tentative suggestions for various types of university libraries. Director 4 remarked that, to maintain relevance, the library must “ensure that our stakeholders understand our role in the academic environment and what we do.” Leading the Academic Library in Strategic Engagement with Stakeholders 325 The Problem: Diversity of Stakeholders and Their Requirements The participants identified a major challenge for university libraries as the diversity of stakeholders and their requirements.
    keywords: academic; australia; director; engagement; libraries; library; research; stakeholders; universities; university
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        item: #4537 of 5668
          id: crl-16990
      author: LeMire, Sarah; Graves, Stephanie J.
       title: Mapping Out a Strategy: Curriculum Mapping Applied to Outreach and Instruction Programs
        date: 2019-03-01
       words: 9014
      flesch: 39
     summary: To free up time for new programming, Mapping Out a Strategy 285 librarians began training library student workers to staff library resource tables at repetitive Level 1 events. One approach to solving the lack of intentionality in outreach programs is already used effectively in library instruction programs: curriculum mapping.
    keywords: f l; instruction; libraries; library; outcomes; outreach; students
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        item: #4538 of 5668
          id: crl-16992
      author: Willinsky, John; Rusk, Matthew
       title: If Research Libraries and Funders Finance Open Access: Moving Beyond Subscriptions and APCs
        date: 2019-04-03
       words: 8030
      flesch: 45
     summary: It may well seem odd to ask libraries to start paying for open access articles from eLife, but the libraries will experience savings with subscription content, which is a larger proportion of the literature, when the funders cover their share of the sponsored articles published. The proportion of the recent literature that is now open access is approaching 50 percent, to judge from a number of studies.1 In addition, the major funding agencies have open access policies in place on a global scale, while the large corporate publishers have a growing number of open access journals and hybrid options.
    keywords: access; articles; bioone; funders; libraries; open; plos; publishing; research
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        item: #4539 of 5668
          id: crl-16993
      author: Sayre, Franklin; Riegelman, Amy
       title: Replicable Services for Reproducible Research: A Model for Academic Libraries
        date: 2019-03-01
       words: 6639
      flesch: 27
     summary: Each section outlines potential academic library services that impact research reproducibility and then provides examples where this is being done. Discussion/Conclusion Academic libraries and librarians can directly impact research reproducibility: from recom- mending reporting guidelines, to coauthoring systematic reviews, to supporting the many facets of scholarly publishing, the recommendations contained in reproducibility guidelines align with many of the services and expertise that academic libraries already provide.
    keywords: academic; data; guidelines; libraries; reproducibility; reproducible; research; science
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        item: #4540 of 5668
          id: crl-17038
      author: Jacobs, Courtney; McIntosh, Marcia; O’Sullivan, Kevin M.
       title: Collaborative Authorship as Peer Mentorship
        date: 2018-07-02
       words: 2751
      flesch: 43
     summary: Many of the ideas generated in this initial phase fell by the wayside, but this falsework was not for nothing, as excised text can often form the basis for future writing projects. Coauthor- ship begets further collaboration: A larger team is often more capable (and sometimes more willing) to take on additional collaborations as the nature of the original project expands to include other individuals, institutions, and projects.
    keywords: collaborative; group; project; writing
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        item: #4541 of 5668
          id: crl-17039
      author: Whelan, Jennifer L.A.
       title: Students Lead the Library: The Importance of Student Contributions to the Academic Library. Sara Arnold-Garza and Carissa Tomlinson, eds. Chicago: Association of College & Research Libraries, 2017. 322p. $62.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8867-1). LC 2016-055675.
        date: 2018-07-02
       words: 1078
      flesch: 45
     summary: Students Lead the Library’s sixteen chapters are ar- ranged into five sections, each representing a different way that students can lead: as employees, as curators, as ambassadors, as library leaders, and as library designers, with one slightly off-theme section in the middle focused on “library as client” (that is, as the beneficiary of student projects). The introduction by editors Sara Arnold- Garza and Carissa Tomlinson of Towson University, whose A-LIST Program features in chapter 2, provides a very readable summary of the context and theory behind their choice of topic, followed by a useful breakdown of the benefits of student leadership for both students and libraries, and how each is represented by the case studies offered therein.
    keywords: library; student
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        item: #4542 of 5668
          id: crl-17040
      author: Shelton, Mark
       title: Michelle Reale. The Indispensable Academic Librarian: Teaching and Collaborating for Change. Chicago: American Library Association. 2018. 128p. Paper, $57.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-1638-4).
        date: 2018-07-02
       words: 1277
      flesch: 57
     summary: The first half of the book is very strong, and Reale’s passion for her work as well as her frustrations are palpable. The Indispensable Librarian showcases Reale’s efforts to become a more effective teacher.
    keywords: chapter; reale
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        item: #4543 of 5668
          id: crl-17113
      author: Ducas, Ada; Michaud-Oystryk, Nicole; Speare, Marie
       title: Reinventing Ourselves: New and Emerging Roles of Academic Librarians in Canadian Research-Intensive Universities
        date: 2020-01-08
       words: 11221
      flesch: 33
     summary: Traditional vs. New Roles Given that most librarians are not performing new or traditional roles exclusively, a major interest of the study was to determine how many librarians are performing new roles (that is, Research Support, Teaching and Learning, Digital Scholarship, User Experience, or Scholarly Communi- cation); how many are performing traditional roles (such as reference, instruction, cataloguing, collection development, or administration); and how many are carrying out hybrid roles that FIGURE 2 How were your skills and knowledge acquired? 56 College & Research Libraries January 2020 FIGURE 3 Training Needs Reinventing Ourselves 57 are a combination of new and traditional functions. It’s time for us to embrace our new role. • New roles and traditional roles likely need to co-exist and develop together.
    keywords: academic; data; librarians; new; new roles; percent; research; respondents; roles; services
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        item: #4544 of 5668
          id: crl-17114
      author: Tyler, David C.; Hitt, Brianna D.; Nterful, Francis A.; Mettling, McKenna R.
       title: The Scholarly Impact of Books Acquired via Approval Plan Selection, Librarian Orders, and Patron-Driven Acquisitions as Measured by Citation Counts
        date: 2019-05-03
       words: 18171
      flesch: 49
     summary: With respect to the issue of undergraduates’ potential for being problematic selectors, one 530 College & Research Libraries May 2019 recent study of a PDA program for undergraduates did find that the books undergraduates requested tended not to be widely held by peer institutions,48 whereas studies of programs that were less restricted by patrons’ status have found PDA/DDA books to be held widely by peer institutions or held widely in general.49 The same study on undergraduates as selectors also reported that selections made by undergraduates appeared not to obtain as great a circulation advantage as has been reported elsewhere for less restricted programs.50 In yet another study, Purdue University’s librarians found that books requested by undergraduates tended to be subsequently checked out most frequently by other undergraduates.51 These studies raise the strong possibility that undergraduates’ PDA/DDA purchases may be qualitatively different from purchases made by faculty, graduate students, and other types of patrons, which has understandably made placing the patrons on an equal footing to selectors an issue of concern for some PDA critics.52 In light of the uncertainties recounted above, and owing to the fact that no one has yet looked into the scholarly impact of PDA books, it would seem worthwhile to examine whether books provided by vendors or publishers via approval plans or e-book packages, purchased by librarians via firm ordering, or acquired via PDA/DDA programs produce a greater schol- arly impact. As well, given the uncertainty surrounding the various types of academic library patrons as purchasers of scholarly works, it would also seem worthwhile to examine whether PDA books acquired by the various types of patrons are of commensurate interest to scholars.
    keywords: academic; appr; approval; books; libraries; library; libs; order; order type; patron; pda; plans; research; sciences
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        item: #4545 of 5668
          id: crl-17258
      author: Shelton, Mark E.
       title: David R. Moore II and Eric C. Shoaf. Planning Optimal Library Spaces: Principles, Processes, and Practices. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2018. 196p. Hardback, $85.00 (ISBN: 978-1-5381-0940-3).
        date: 2018-09-06
       words: 1198
      flesch: 66
     summary: Moore is an architect whose thirty-year career has focused entirely on libraries, and Shoaf, the Dean of the Library at Queens University in Charlotte, NC, is a thirty-year veteran of academic libraries with exten- sive involvement in library renovation and building projects at multiple institutions. The authors indicate that their process is “an innovative approach to planning library spaces and following through with renovations” (xix).
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #4546 of 5668
          id: crl-17259
      author: Budd, John M.
       title: Cassidy R. Sugimoto and Vincent Larivière. Measuring Research: What Everyone Needs to Know. New York: Oxford University Press. 2018. 149p. Paper, $16.95 (ISBN 978-0-19-064012-5). LC 2017-18852.
        date: 2018-09-06
       words: 1256
      flesch: 60
     summary: This gathering of data is important to understand what is important and impactful to ensure value in the final product. Many researchers employ data that are based on citations and characteristics of the literature (especially journals).
    keywords: book; data
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        item: #4547 of 5668
          id: crl-17260
      author: Fitzgerald, Sarah Rose
       title: Melissa N. Mallon. The Pivotal Role of Academic Librarians in Digital Learning. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited, 2018. 150p. Paper. $50.00 (ISBN: 978-1-4408-5217-6). LC Z675.U5 M327.
        date: 2018-09-06
       words: 1179
      flesch: 52
     summary: Overall, this book provides useful background on digital literacy instruction and information literacy instruction in the age of digital research tools. She is well versed in strategies for online information literacy instruction and digital literacy instruction, which shines through in her book.
    keywords: instruction; literacy
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        item: #4548 of 5668
          id: crl-17261
      author: Cardoso, Kristen
       title: Academic Library Management: Case Studies. Tammy Nickelson Dearie, Michael Meth, and Elaine L. Westbrooks, eds. Chicago: ALA Editions, 2018. 213p. Paper, $69.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-1559-2). LC 2017010131.
        date: 2018-09-06
       words: 1166
      flesch: 40
     summary: Archivists, librarians, and library leaders in academic libraries, as well as anyone involved in designing and delivering professional development for library leaders, will benefit from participating in this experience.—Kristen Cardoso, Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey Only fourteen people were selected for the 2014 cohort of the UCLA Senior Fellows program, a three-week-long immersive program for academic library leaders; but, with the publication of Academic Library Management: Case Studies, everyone can now benefit from the lessons learned through the first-hand experiences collected in this deceptively slim volume.
    keywords: case; library
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        item: #4549 of 5668
          id: crl-17262
      author: Kaspar, Wendi Arant; Hare, Sarah; Evanson, Cara; Ford, Emily; Budd, John M.
       title: Considering Developmental Peer Review
        date: 2018-09-06
       words: 3918
      flesch: 50
     summary: Given the positive experience and the outcomes of the pilot process, there is a desire to formalize a process of developmental peer review process while still maintain- ing a process of double blind review. Author chooses developmental peer review process.
    keywords: authors; peer; review; reviewers
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        item: #4550 of 5668
          id: crl-17392
      author: Braddlee, Dr; VanScoy, Amy
       title: Bridging the Chasm: Faculty Support Roles for Academic Librarians in the Adoption of Open Educational Resources
        date: 2019-05-03
       words: 11926
      flesch: 34
     summary: The first was based on level of faculty OER engagement based on three combined categories: low engagement through awareness activities (such as joining a listserv, participating in professional development activities, or requesting access to review an existing OER text) (n = 18, 12.0%), moderate engagement through adoption or adapting existing OER resources for primary or supplemental use (n = 65, 42.0%), or high engagement through building/sharing new OER (n = 71, 46.0%). For most community college libraries, the idea that new staffing and resources are going to be made available simply to support OER roles is naïve.
    keywords: adoption; development; engagement; faculty; librarians; materials; oer; roles
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        item: #4551 of 5668
          id: crl-17394
      author: Clark, Joe C.; Sauceda, Jonathan; Stormes, Sheridan
       title: Faculty Format Preferences in the Performing Arts: A Multi-Institutional Study
        date: 2019-05-03
       words: 9060
      flesch: 50
     summary: Have you noticed that students encounter difficulties in finding library materials? Only 9 per- cent of respondents reported not using library books at all.
    keywords: books; faculty; library; music; print; resources; use
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        item: #4552 of 5668
          id: crl-17396
      author: Heaton, Robert; Burns, Dylan; Thoms, Becky
       title: Altruism or Self-Interest? Exploring the Motivations of Open Access Authors
        date: 2019-05-03
       words: 8940
      flesch: 43
     summary: The highest raw numbers of OA authors (see figure 2) came from the Science (35), Natural Resources (30), and Education & Human Services (23); the highest per- centages of faculty in a college publishing OA came from Natural Resources (59%), Science (24%), and both Engineering (18%) and our catchall “Research Centers, Extension, & Other” FIGURE 2 OA Authors by College: Counts and per Capita* * As this literature review will show, research tentatively suggests that finances, field of study, and personal benefits (including tenure incentives) may motivate OA authors.
    keywords: access; authors; faculty; influential; open; publishing; research; respondents; tenure
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        item: #4553 of 5668
          id: crl-17397
      author: Latham, Don; Gross, Melissa; Julien, Heidi
       title: Implementing the ACRL Framework: Reflections from the Field
        date: 2019-04-03
       words: 7227
      flesch: 47
     summary: To what extent do you see the Framework supplanting an information-skills approach to information literacy instruction? 13. Gloria Willson and Katelyn Angell, “Mapping the Association of College and Research Libraries Informa- tion Literacy Framework and Nursing Professional Standards Onto an Assessment Rubric,” Journal of the Medical Library Association 105, no. 2 (2017): 150–54. 20.
    keywords: framework; information; information literacy; instruction; librarians; literacy
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        item: #4554 of 5668
          id: crl-17400
      author: Rosenzweig, James W.; Thill, Mary; Lambert, Frank
       title: Student Constructions of Authority in the Framework Era: A Bibliometric Pilot Study Using a Faceted Taxonomy
        date: 2019-04-03
       words: 9500
      flesch: 35
     summary: We performed a broad review of the literature to identify a suitable method for analyzing the authority of student sources, eventually settling on and making modest modifications to a faceted taxonomy developed by Chris Leeder, Karen Markey, and Elizabeth Yakel in 2012.3 The taxonomy of Leeder, Markey, and Yakel is a “format neutral” rating system that eliminates artificial distinctions between print and online resources. To say that corporately authored, self-published works by nonprofit organizations (subfacet combination 3C4A5C) at 6.8 percent narrowly edged out similar works by both commercial entities (subfacet combina- tion 3C4A5B) at 6.2 percent, and government entities (subfacet combination 3C4A5E) at 5.3 percent provides a somewhat clearer picture of student source selection; moreover, it provides us with an easy and value-neutral means of describing subtly distinct types of material.
    keywords: author; authority; editorial; information; percent; research; sources; students; subfacet; taxonomy
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        item: #4555 of 5668
          id: crl-17407
      author: Kaspar, Wendi Arant
       title: Approaching a New Year—And a New Look for the Journal
        date: 2018-11-01
       words: 3046
      flesch: 52
     summary: The themes listed are in order of most cited traits to least; in other words, for past positive leaders, emotional intelligence has the most and most repeated traits, and catalyst for change has the least number of and least repeated traits, while for future leaders people first has the most and most repeated traits and communicator the least. The themes listed are in order of most cited traits to least; in other words, for past positive leaders, emotional intelligence has the most and most repeated traits, and catalyst for change has the least number of and least repeated traits, while for future leaders people first has the most and most repeated traits and communicator the least.
    keywords: change; communicator; visionary
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        item: #4556 of 5668
          id: crl-17408
      author: McFall, Lisa M.
       title: Developing Librarian Competencies for the Digital Age. Jeffrey G. Coghill and Roger G. Russell, eds. Lanham, Md.: Roman & Littlefield, 2017. 180p. Paper, $41.00 (ISBN 978-1-4422-6444-1).
        date: 2018-11-01
       words: 1091
      flesch: 47
     summary: The first chapter is a short, general introduction by the editors discussing the history of librarianship as a profession, with a focus on the evolution of library services as technology has become increasingly embedded into daily life. Information Services to Diverse Populations is designed to provide a foundational understanding of diversity issues for LIS graduate students, but it can also serve as an important resource for current library professionals who may not have had an opportunity to study diversity and social justice issues.
    keywords: book; services
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        item: #4557 of 5668
          id: crl-17409
      author: Costello, Laura
       title: Nicole A. Cooke. Information Services to Diverse Populations: Developing Culturally Competent Library Professionals. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited, 2017. 166p. Paper, $65.00 (ISBN 978-1-4408-3460-8). LC 60-31669.
        date: 2018-11-01
       words: 1185
      flesch: 43
     summary: The next two chapters discuss marginalized groups in libraries and how to improve library services to meet the needs of all patrons. Cooke advocates for developing a diversity of stories as a profes- sion and integrating these counter narratives to the dominant stereotypes throughout the development of librarians, beginning with library education.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #4558 of 5668
          id: crl-17412
      author: Curtis, Scott
       title: Dave Harmeyer and Janice J. Baskin. Implementing the Information Literacy Framework: A Practical Guide for Librarians. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2018. 279p. Paper, $65.00 (ISBN 978-1-5381-0757-7). LC 2017048324.
        date: 2018-11-01
       words: 1815
      flesch: 40
     summary: With the removal of the Standards from the ACRL website entirely, the decisive nature of this change has had profound effects on the teaching of information literacy in academic libraries. Dave Harmeyer and Janice J. Baskin’s book aims to pro- vide practical assistance to librarians and classroom faculty in using the Framework to collaborate in teaching students to think conceptually about information literacy, as well as having the intellectual tools to learn new information literacy skills throughout their lives.
    keywords: framework; information; literacy
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        item: #4559 of 5668
          id: crl-17414
      author: Anderson, Melissa
       title: Kevin Michael Klipfel and Dani Brecher Cook. Learner-Centered Pedagogy: Principles and Practice. Chicago, Ill.: ALA Editions, 2017. 208p. Paper, $60.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-1557-8). LC 2016058814.
        date: 2018-11-01
       words: 1698
      flesch: 41
     summary: Book Reviews 999 With the growing focus on student engagement, reten- tion, and success in the academy, recent scholarship in librarianship has paid increasing attention to learner- centered teaching practices and how they might improve learning outcomes for information literacy instruction. The next two chapters, chapters 4 and 5, present first the classroom teachers’ perspective on how to integrate information literacy instruction (and the librarians’ collaboration) into the classroom culture, then the librarians’ perspective on working with teaching faculty successfully and integrating into their learning communities.
    keywords: book; learner
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        item: #4560 of 5668
          id: crl-17484
      author: Kung, Janice Y.; Fraser, K-Lee; Winn, Dee
       title: Diversity Initiatives to Recruit and Retain Academic Librarians: A Systematic Review
        date: 2020-01-08
       words: 6336
      flesch: 22
     summary: ”20 Recent literature explores diversity in librarianship through different lens such as reinforcing the importance of diversity, examining the experiences and observations of racial microaggressions, and promoting diversity through the implementation of a library diversity plan.21 However, there is little current literature that addresses the recruitment and retention practices of diverse academic librarians. Introduction It is common knowledge within librarianship that academic librarians do not reflect the de- mographics of their users.
    keywords: academic; academic librarians; diversity; librarians; library; programs; publications; research
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        item: #4561 of 5668
          id: crl-17542
      author: Herbert, Bruce E.; Kaspar, Wendi Arant
       title: Authorship and the Consideration of Alternatives
        date: 2019-01-07
       words: 2742
      flesch: 34
     summary: did a systematic review of authorship practices across disciplines. Editorial Authorship and the Consideration of Alternatives Bruce E. Herbert and Wendi Arant Kaspar Originally, this editorial was intended as a discussion of authorship norms across disciplines—a seemingly harmless topic relevant to academic libraries given libraries provide guidance and access to knowledge in all disciplines and can serve as the linchpin in multi-, inter- or trans- disciplinary research.
    keywords: authorship; norms; practices; research
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        item: #4562 of 5668
          id: crl-17543
      author: Aubele, Joseph
       title: The Self as Subject: Autoethnographic Research into Identity, Culture, and Academic Librarianship. Anne-Marie Deitering, Robert Schroeder, and Richard Stoddart, eds. Chicago: American Library Association, 2017. 361p. Paper, $70.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8892-3).
        date: 2019-01-07
       words: 1079
      flesch: 37
     summary: The formal chapters of the text are written from a variety of perspectives, both profes- sional and personal; in all instances, there is a good balance between personal experiences and relevant professional literature. As valuable as tales of professional experience can be, the most powerful chapters are those that focus on the nexus of personal and professional identities.
    keywords: librarians; professional
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        item: #4563 of 5668
          id: crl-17544
      author: Hauser, Alexandra
       title: Disciplinary Applications of Information Literacy Threshold Concepts. Samantha Godbey, Susan Beth Wainscott, and Xan Goodman, eds., for the Association of Research Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, 2017. 368p. Paper, $72.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8970-8).
        date: 2019-01-07
       words: 1743
      flesch: 45
     summary: All essays include some theoretical background on the emergence of threshold concepts, and a discussion of the authors’ decision to use particular frames from ACRL Framework as IL threshold concepts. The editors note in their introduction that “threshold concepts are currently defined by the following characteristics: transformative, integrative, irreversible, bounded, and troublesome” and include a discussion of what each defining characteristic means.
    keywords: concepts; literacy; threshold
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        item: #4564 of 5668
          id: crl-17546
      author: Litsey, Ryan
       title: Marcy Simons. Academic Library Metamorphosis and Regeneration. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017. 146p. Hardcover, $78.00 (ISBN: 978-1-4422-7307-8).
        date: 2019-01-07
       words: 1782
      flesch: 53
     summary: In discussing the practice of structural change of the organization, the author offers a path forward in the form of John Kotter’s eight-step model for change. Many areas of academic libraries receive a lot of attention.
    keywords: book; change; library
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        item: #4565 of 5668
          id: crl-17547
      author: Shelton, Mark
       title: Robert E. Dugan and Peter Hernon. Financial Management in Academic Libraries: Data-Driven Planning and Budgeting. Chicago: American Library Association for the Association of College and Research Libraries, 2018. 200p. Paper, $56.00 (ISBN: 978-0-8389-8943-2).
        date: 2019-01-07
       words: 905
      flesch: 62
     summary: Many areas of academic libraries receive a lot of attention. First, the authors explore the many ways in which academic libraries are able to communicate their stories through internal and external reporting of their financial data.
    keywords: library
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        item: #4566 of 5668
          id: crl-17556
      author: Mazmanyan, Kelsey Lupo
       title: Student Perceptions of the Library during Times of Terror: Exploratory Research Surveying Students Affected by the October 1 Shooting and Their Impressions of Safety in the Academic Library Community
        date: 2020-01-08
       words: 7206
      flesch: 46
     summary: Furthermore, the range of possible answers given by students was too broad and unknown to hypothesize about or generate possible preconceived answers before collecting the data.1 Literature Review Literature on the topic of student safety casts a wide net over all studies conducted to improve physical safety. Thus, previous studies consulted for this literature review have been categorized into four main themes: academic research conducted regarding student safety, anecdotal responses and recommendations to increase safety in spaces that have been affected by terrorism, vari- Student Perceptions of the Library during Times of Terror 111 ous methodologies used to measure and increase security or safety in a shared space, and governmental or organizational plans for the creation of terrorism-resistant architecture.
    keywords: campus; library; participants; research; safety; space; students
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        item: #4567 of 5668
          id: crl-17574
      author: Wengler, Susan; Wolff-Eisenberg, Christine
       title: Community College Librarians and the ACRL Framework: Findings from a National Study
        date: 2020-01-08
       words: 10718
      flesch: 39
     summary: Introduction Nearly 9 million students attend community colleges year-round in the United States, with a disproportionate percentage coming from underrepresented populations and more than two- thirds underprepared for higher education.1 Information literacy (IL) instruction is delivered to these students by community college librarians, and many community college librarians look to the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) as a leading organization of higher education librarians in the United States for direction and guidance to inform their teaching practices. In January 2016, ACRL replaced its Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education (Standards) with the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education (Frame- work).2 While the Framework is intended for use by all types of higher education institutions, the often remedial reading, writing, and IL skills of the vulnerable community college student population may challenge community college librarians when integrating the more advanced and theoretical Framework into their instructional work.
    keywords: acrl; college; community; disagree; framework; information; librarians; literacy
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        item: #4568 of 5668
          id: crl-17624
      author: Johnson, Kelli
       title: Shaping the Campus Conversation on Student Learning and Experience: Activating the Results of Assessment in Action. Karen Brown, Debra Gilchrist, Sara Goek, Lisa Janicke Hinchliffe, Karen Malenfant, Chase Ollis, and Allison Payne, eds. Chicago: American Library Association, 2018. 288p. Paper, $70.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8994-4).
        date: 2019-03-01
       words: 1047
      flesch: 48
     summary: The ten reflections in this section are each appetizing additions to the scholarship on assessment in academic libraries. The book is timely, given the intensity of the ongoing debates focused around campaigns of mis- information (Facebook and Google are two examples) coupled with the erosions of individual privacy that have been enabled by the use of big data technologies.
    keywords: data; libraries
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        item: #4569 of 5668
          id: crl-17625
      author: Kugelmeyer, Kara
       title: Andrew Weiss. Big Data Shocks: An Introduction to Big Data for Librarians and Information Professionals. Chicago: American Library Association, 2018. 194p. Paper, $45.00 (ISBN: 978-1-5381-0323-4).
        date: 2019-03-01
       words: 1745
      flesch: 42
     summary: It is written for all academic librarians, although especially those interested in data, big data, open science and data, science, technology and society, pri- vacy in the twenty-first century, or anyone who is interested in learning more on this topic. Book Reviews 291 “First Shock” (the first section of the book) provides historical context on data and big data and a framework for approaching and exploring what data and big data are.
    keywords: big; data; libraries
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        item: #4570 of 5668
          id: crl-17626
      author: Matković, Danijela
       title: Jana Brubaker. Text, Lies and Cataloging: Ethical Treatment of Deceptive Works in the Library. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2018. 158p. Paper, $55.00 (ISBN 978-0-7864-9744-7).
        date: 2019-03-01
       words: 1137
      flesch: 42
     summary: The next three chapters of the book discuss briefly the category of deceptive works and the obstacles to accurate cataloging, followed by a survey of the cataloging standards and professional codes of ethics. Brubaker describes the dilemmas that catalogers face in assess- ing the veracity of deceptive works and the questionable authenticity of their authors.
    keywords: cataloging; works
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        item: #4571 of 5668
          id: crl-17627
      author: O’Dea, Mary E.
       title: John Levi Martin. Thinking through Methods: A Social Science Primer. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2017. 269p. Paper, $30.00 (ISBN 978-0-22-643172-7). LC 2016025207.
        date: 2019-03-01
       words: 1753
      flesch: 47
     summary: Martin, the Florence Borchert Bartling Professor of Sociology at the University of Chicago, undergirds his discussion of qualitative social sciences research methods with wide-ranging examples from the literature of the discipline, as he champions rigor in the work of social science research with humor and some snark. It does, however, lay a solid foundation for rigorous analytical thinking in social sciences research while offering a sound, and ultimately time-saving, approach to producing quality research, presented in such a way as to serve as an enjoyable starting-off point for relative newcomers to the discipline.
    keywords: book; research; social
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        item: #4572 of 5668
          id: crl-17628
      author: Rex, Jared Andrew
       title: Information Literacy in Music: An Instructor’s Companion. Beth Christensen, Erin Conor, and Marian Ritter, eds. Middleton, WI: A-R Editions, Inc., 2018. 254p. Paper, $125.00 (ISBN 978-0-89579-856-5).
        date: 2019-03-01
       words: 1745
      flesch: 34
     summary: Many other texts discuss the topic of music information literacy at great length; however, there appears to be a shortage of practical sample lesson plans and concrete examples of assignments in the literature. The rationale for this disproportion may be explained as music information literacy has historically occurred within courses in musicology.
    keywords: assignments; literacy; music
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        item: #4573 of 5668
          id: crl-17654
      author: Siegel, John; Morris, Martin; Stevens, Gregg A.
       title: Perceptions of Academic Librarians toward LGBTQ Information Needs: An Exploratory Study
        date: 2020-01-08
       words: 11591
      flesch: 48
     summary: 122 Perceptions of Academic Librarians toward LGBTQ Information Needs: An Exploratory Study John Siegel, Martin Morris, and Gregg A. Stevens* While previous studies have examined lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) information needs, none have addressed librarian confidence in address- ing LGBTQ-themed information needs or the factors affecting this confidence. These factors can reduce or otherwise influence the ability to meet LGBTQ information needs.
    keywords: academic; information; lgbtq; librarians; library; needs; respondents
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        item: #4574 of 5668
          id: crl-17735
      author: Galbraith, Quinn; Callister, Adam Henry; Kelley, Heather
       title: Have Academic Libraries Overcome the Gender Wage Gap? An Analysis of Gender Pay Inequality
        date: 2019-05-03
       words: 7230
      flesch: 48
     summary: As a result of the polarizing nature of this debate, many people have come to view references to a gender wage gap with a learned sense of either bitter injustice or decided skepticism—effectively hearing only what they want to from reports about gender wage gap statistics. Of course, opponents of this view argue that the remaining unexplained difference is not the result of pay discrimination but is due instead to the inability of adjusted wage gap models to take into account every possible factor that could affect wage and differences in the way that men and women respond to labor market incentives.6 Regardless of whether or not people believe that the difference in wages between men and women is due to gender bias, there is a general consensus on the existence of sizable raw and adjusted wage gaps between men and women across almost every profession in the United States.7 Although limited in scope, prior research within the field of library science on the topic has revealed findings that differ from the general perception of the gender wage gap found in the literature.8 As suggested by such research, there is little to no gender wage gap among aca- demic librarians.
    keywords: gap; gender; salary; survey; wage; wage gap; women
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        item: #4575 of 5668
          id: crl-17736
      author: Anderson, Melissa
       title: Digital Literacy Unpacked. Katharine Reedy and Jo Parker, eds. London: Facet Publishing, 2018. 240p. $87.99 (ISBN: 978-1-78330-197-3).
        date: 2019-05-03
       words: 1739
      flesch: 42
     summary: Along with the fresh inquiry into information literacy has come excavation of “other” literacies that, depending on context, ex- ist alongside or within information literacy, such as visual literacy, media literacy, and digital literacy. Digital Literacy Unpacked, edited by Katharine Reedy and Jo Parker, is such a work; it presents a multifaceted view of digital literacy today that enhances our understanding of the value and potential of digital literacy in higher education and in the culture at large.
    keywords: digital; literacy
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        item: #4576 of 5668
          id: crl-17737
      author: Cardoso, Kristen
       title: Margaret Zelman Law. Cultivating Engaged Staff: Better Management for Better Libraries. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited, 2017. 128p. Paper, $55.00 (ISBN: 978-1-4408-5222-0). LC: 2017004832.
        date: 2019-05-03
       words: 1115
      flesch: 44
     summary: The work and care of library staff (including librarians and library assistants alike) keep libraries running, and they deserve the best possible support from their managers and supervisors. This chapter also explores the concepts of professional identity and professional commitment, which will be the most useful for those supervising professional staff.
    keywords: library; staff
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        item: #4577 of 5668
          id: crl-17738
      author: Fitzgerald, Sarah Rose
       title: Lyda Fontes McCartin and Rachel Dineen. Toward a Critical-Inclusive Assessment Practice for Library Instruction. Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press, 2018. 149p. Paper. $18.00 (ISBN: 978-1-63400-035-2). LC: Z711.25.C65 M37.
        date: 2019-05-03
       words: 1709
      flesch: 49
     summary: However, students also have knowledge of themselves as learners that library instructors do not possess. The book’s grounding in the work of Paolo Freire and bell hooks suggests that it will be targeted toward library instructors aiming to add social justice components to their teach- ing assessment.
    keywords: assessment; book; library
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        item: #4578 of 5668
          id: crl-17739
      author: Irwin, Rebekah
       title: Sally Gardner Reed. The Good, the Great, and the Unfriendly: A Librarian’s Guide to Working with Friends Groups. Chicago: American Library Association, 2017. 157p. Paper, $57.00 (ISBN: 978-0838914984).
        date: 2019-05-03
       words: 1167
      flesch: 58
     summary: She has been publishing books and leading organizations focused on library friends groups, fundraising, and com- munity advocacy for three decades. We read widely and voraciously, in print and online, in every genre and format: books, blogs, newspapers, social media posts, Sun- day flyers, you name it.
    keywords: friends; library
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        item: #4579 of 5668
          id: crl-17741
      author: Walker, Lizzy
       title: Norman A. Mooradian. Ethics for Records and Information Management. Chicago: ALA Neal-Schuman, 2018. 191p. Paper, $75.00 (ISBN: 9780838916391). LC: 2018010397.
        date: 2019-05-03
       words: 1816
      flesch: 45
     summary: Mooradian ad- dresses topics that everyone working in information professions should be aware of, such as Book Reviews 587 the structure of ethics, including outlining principles, moral rules, judgments, and exceptions; ethical reasoning; the ethical core of records and information management; important ethical concerns such as copyright and intellectual property, whistleblowing, information leaks, dis- closure, and privacy; and the relationship between RIM ethics and information governance. Mooradian provides the case of Edward Snowden and how it has helped frame the debate on ethics in information records and gathering.
    keywords: ethical; ethics; information
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        item: #4580 of 5668
          id: crl-17818
      author: Kaspar, Wendi Arant
       title: Academic Knowledge Production and University Presses: Some Random Thoughts
        date: 2019-07-11
       words: 3077
      flesch: 46
     summary: However, as a steward of a scholarly journal, as an author of professional publications, and as an educator of information literacy and scholarly methods, I do have some thoughts I would like to share about what is happening with university presses, the impact on higher education, and on knowledge dissemination. FIGURE 1 Knowledge Tug of War Witnessing this tension as well as the various news stories about university presses (from closures and budget reductions to restructuring where it seems almost commonplace now that the University Press is moving under the library), it prompts me to ask what the purpose of the scholarly press is.
    keywords: press; presses; scholarly; university
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        item: #4581 of 5668
          id: crl-17823
      author: Dempsey, Paula R.
       title: Chat Reference Referral Strategies: Making a Connection, or Dropping the Ball?
        date: 2019-07-11
       words: 8826
      flesch: 46
     summary: UIC Library does not track the origin of reference referrals, and doing so would require cooperation from subject specialists and close attention to the privacy rights of patrons. This research problem is rooted in studies investigating the purpose of chat reference service, its staffing, and the training of chat service providers.
    keywords: chat; patron; reference; referral; research; service; subject
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        item: #4582 of 5668
          id: crl-17824
      author: Wood-Doughty, Alex; Bergstrom, Ted; Steigerwald, Douglas G.
       title: Do Download Reports Reliably Measure Journal Usage? Trusting the Fox to Count Your Hens?
        date: 2019-07-11
       words: 9678
      flesch: 40
     summary: Conclusion This paper originated as an exploration of the relation between journal downloads and journal citations. In the long run, if download statistics are to be a credible and reliable tool for estimating usage, it seems that it would be advisable for libraries to develop a uniform interface for downloading articles from all publishers and to maintain their own records of journal downloads, which they would share as public information.
    keywords: articles; citations; downloads; factor; impact; journal; number; publisher; sciences; table
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        item: #4583 of 5668
          id: crl-17825
      author: Detmering, Robert; McClellan, Samantha; Willenborg, Amber
       title: A Seat at the Table: Information Literacy Assessment and Professional Legitimacy
        date: 2019-07-11
       words: 8847
      flesch: 32
     summary: Namely, respondents indicated that a lack of resources, the utility of assessment data on campus, and organizational tensions had a negative impact upon their ability to use information literacy assessment data to legitimize themselves as educators. 08_Detmering A Seat at the Table: Information Literacy Assessment and Professional Legitimacy Robert Detmering, Samantha McClellan, and Amber Willenborg* This qualitative study explores academic librarians’ perceptions of and experiences with information literacy assessment, focusing primarily on issues of professional identity, agency, and power.
    keywords: assessment; data; information; instruction; librarians; library; literacy; teaching
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        item: #4584 of 5668
          id: crl-17827
      author: Szpunar, Ruth
       title: Emy Nelson Decker and Seth M. Porter. Engaging Design: Creating Libraries for Modern Users. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited, 2018. 159p. Paper, $70.00 (ISBN 978-1-4408-5612-9).
        date: 2019-07-11
       words: 798
      flesch: 57
     summary: Engaging design incorporates pieces of aesthetics, design thinking, and service design. They give an overview of library design history and architectural principles, including a deep dive into exterior spaces, and finish with a discussion of design for interior spaces.
    keywords: design
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        item: #4585 of 5668
          id: crl-17828
      author: Litsey, Ryan
       title: G. Edward Evans and Holland Christie. Managerial Leadership for Librarians: Thriving in the Public and Nonprofit World. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited, 2017. 377p. Paper, $65.00 (ISBN 9781440841705).
        date: 2019-07-11
       words: 785
      flesch: 55
     summary: By conflating the terms together as managerial leader, it provides an opportunity for confusion on behalf of the reader. The book itself has 20 chapters covering a number of different topics.
    keywords: leader
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        item: #4586 of 5668
          id: crl-18156
      author: Wong, Gabrielle K.W.
       title: A Tool for Academic Libraries to Prioritize Leadership Competencies
        date: 2019-07-11
       words: 8585
      flesch: 28
     summary: Emotional intelligence became a focused area in later studies.21 Lewis reviewed what competencies were highly valued at the executive level in academic libraries; he found that there is a universality of leadership competencies across professional fields.22 Le’s study of library leaders identified five leader qualities.23 Martin surveyed how followers described positive leaders; he found seven themes for past leaders and six themes of future leader traits.24 With various lists of desirable leadership capabilities identified, there seems to be a dearth of effort in connecting them to leadership development. More important, the survey method and data analysis demonstrate a workable way for other libraries or consortia to explore leadership capabilities using a set of common vocabulary, with which they can initiate discussion on how leader- ship competencies play out among their librarians at different levels, and to provide basis for further discourse on leadership competencies and leadership experiences relevant to their own context.
    keywords: academic; competencies; competency; development; leadership; libraries; library; management; services; skills
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        item: #4587 of 5668
          id: crl-18157
      author: Reiter, Lauren; Ford, Bronson
       title: Library Support for Student Financial Literacy: A Survey of Librarians at Large Academic Institutions
        date: 2019-07-11
       words: 9690
      flesch: 24
     summary: Although these activities, as well as the authors’ experiences and case studies in the literature, suggest possible academic library interest and participation in student financial literacy, there has been limited research on academic library support for this topic. This study is intended to fill a gap in the research by benchmarking library interest and involvement in student financial literacy and the types of support offered.
    keywords: academic; financial; financial literacy; libraries; library; literacy; student; support
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        item: #4588 of 5668
          id: crl-18158
      author: Burns, Erin; Green, Kristin E.C.
       title: Academic Librarians’ Experiences and Perceptions on Mental Illness Stigma and the Workplace
        date: 2019-07-11
       words: 8800
      flesch: 44
     summary: 638 Academic Librarians’ Experiences and Perceptions on Mental Illness Stigma and the Workplace Erin Burns and Kristin E.C. Green* Research has been conducted within academia about faculty members and students who have experienced mental illness from a variety of theoretical perspectives, including disability studies. While this research acknowledges that the stigma sur- rounding mental illness keeps people from sharing their experiences, there has not been research that focused specifically on librarians in higher education.
    keywords: academic; disability; illness; librarians; mental; mental illness; research; stigma; work
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        item: #4589 of 5668
          id: crl-23525
      author: Kaspar, Wendi Arant
       title: Continued Efforts for Transparency and Inclusion
        date: 2019-09-04
       words: 3126
      flesch: 53
     summary: Matching books with book reviewers or paper submissions with article reviewers takes a fair bit of effort, especially with the breadth of scholarship in the profession. There has also been discussion of decision making, particularly about how individuals are selected for the editorial board or as article reviewers.
    keywords: journal; review; reviewer
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        item: #4590 of 5668
          id: crl-23526
      author: Michalak, Russell; Rysavy, Monica D.T.; Dawes, Trevor A.
       title: What Degree Is Necessary to Lead? ARL Directors’ Perceptions
        date: 2019-09-04
       words: 6351
      flesch: 46
     summary: Mech reported that 97 percent of the library directors he surveyed had attained a library degree—an almost universal job require- ment at any size college or university in the 1980s.11 Researchers noticed the job market tight- ened in libraries during the 1980s as many displaced, unemployed, or failed academics from other disciplines moved into libraries.12 Consequently, the competition stiffened with more candidates applying for director-level positions in academic libraries.13 Researchers have audited job listings in library trade journals to determine if job require- ments for nonadministrative librarians and library directors were different. He found that the number of library directors at small colleges who held advanced degrees (second master’s or doctorate) increased by the year 2000.
    keywords: arl; degree; directors; libraries; library; mls
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        item: #4591 of 5668
          id: crl-23527
      author: Thompson, Hilary H.; Smith, Austin; Ostos, Manuel; Gardinier, Lisa
       title: Borrowing Latin American Materials in the Big Ten Academic Alliance: A Case Study for Consortial Data Analysis
        date: 2019-09-04
       words: 9463
      flesch: 32
     summary: However, there is a correlation between overall UBorrow and ILL activity and Latin American ILL request volume, with high UBorrow and ILL borrowing volume cor- responding with higher levels of Latin American ILL requests. A clear relationship exists between BTAA Latin American collections and resource sharing in terms of collective collection strengths and ILL borrowing volume and fill rate.
    keywords: american; american materials; borrowing; btaa; collection; data; ill; latin; latin american; libraries; materials; requests
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        item: #4592 of 5668
          id: crl-23528
      author: Senseney, Megan; Koehl, Eleanor Dickson; Nay, Leanne
       title: Collaboration, Consultation, or Transaction: Modes of Team Research in Humanities Scholarship and Strategies for Library Engagement
        date: 2019-09-04
       words: 8475
      flesch: 37
     summary: Some librarians or other support staff who partner on research projects perceive their role as helping scholars develop functional skills to carry out tasks on their own. The use of mine, ours, or theirs throughout these interviews when discussing research projects suggests the varying levels of commitment.
    keywords: collaboration; digital; humanities; hww; libraries; library; project; research; scholarship; work
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        item: #4593 of 5668
          id: crl-23530
      author: Fry, Amy
       title: Ebook Rate of Use in OhioLINK: A Ten-Year Study of Local and Consortial Use of Publisher Packages in Ohio
        date: 2019-09-04
       words: 7720
      flesch: 53
     summary: Finally, steady increases to costs of electronic subscriptions combined with a flat collections budget have caused recent TABLE 8 Print Use at BGSU for Titles Acquired 2008–2017 Year Purchased Titles Purchased % Use as of November 2014 % Use as of November 2017Available 2014 Available 2017 2008–2009 8,477 8,306 74% 77% 2009–2010 7,145 7,036 68% 73% 2010–2011 7,671 7,643 66% 72% 2011–2012 7,185 7,138 61% 70% 2012–2013 6,097 6,061 49% 63% 2013–2014 2,760 57% 2014–2015 4,268 50% 2015–2016 5,481 45% 2016–2017 3,884 34% Total 52,577 Ebook Rate of Use in OhioLINK 837 print purchases to fall sharply, again creating more demand for the few current print titles still being added. Publisher packages, on the other hand, mostly had use rates of between 20 and 50 percent in published studies.
    keywords: ebooks; ohiolink; percent; print; rate; titles; use
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        item: #4594 of 5668
          id: crl-23531
      author: Kim, Jihyun; Yakel, Elizabeth; Faniel, Ixchel M.
       title: Exposing Standardization and Consistency Issues in Repository Metadata Requirements for Data Deposition
        date: 2019-09-04
       words: 13143
      flesch: 42
     summary: Data level Description about content included Minimal description (brief description or abstract) We then examine previous research examining data deposit requirements and metadata and associated content from websites of data repositories.
    keywords: dans; data; date; deposit; description; file; information; level; metadata; repositories; study
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        item: #4595 of 5668
          id: crl-23533
      author: Costello, Laura
       title: Patrick Lo, Dickson K.W. Chiu, Allan Cho, and Brad Allard. Conversations with Leading Academic and Research Library Directors: International Perspectives on Library Management. Cambridge, MA: Chandos Publishing, 2019. 524p. Paperback. $120.00 (ISBN 978-0-08-102746-2).
        date: 2019-09-04
       words: 1063
      flesch: 46
     summary: While the histories of gardens and libraries are intertwined, there has not been much written about library gardens. Banks and Mediavilla’s book encourages us to look at how library gardens “extend and enhance the library’s role as an information center and community space” (x).
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #4596 of 5668
          id: crl-23534
      author: Laynor, Gregory
       title: Carrie Scott Banks and Cindy Mediavilla. Libraries & Gardens: Growing Together. Chicago, IL: ALA Editions, 2019. 144p. Paper. $57.99 (ISBN 978-0-8389-1855-5). LC 2018059577.
        date: 2019-09-04
       words: 1718
      flesch: 51
     summary: The book might be of particular interest to librarians concerned with questions of sustainability and questions of accessibility in library spaces and programs (the authors discuss how to apply the principles of Universal Design for Learning to library gardens and library garden educa- Book Reviews 895 tion). In discussing library gardens, Libraries & Gardens: Growing Together contributes to a broader conversation about libraries as multisensory, experiential places.
    keywords: gardens; libraries; library
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        item: #4597 of 5668
          id: crl-23609
      author: Camarillo, Lauren A.
       title: Perspectives
        date: 2019-11-01
       words: 1213
      flesch: 36
     summary: The conflicting dual identities of “equitable libraries” and “neutral libraries” ultimately prevents us from providing the highest level of service to patrons. The use of the term “Illegal alien” in conversation or in a classification system automatically puts this group in the position of “the other” because it is contingent on the assumption that library users and/or users of LCSH are straight white men.7 Anyone who identifies as anything other than a straight white man must subsequently alter their searching 900 Perspectives 901 behavior in favor of this valorized point of view.
    keywords: equitable; libraries
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        item: #4598 of 5668
          id: crl-23610
      author: Goben, Abigail; Griffin, Tina
       title: In Aggregate: Trends, Needs, and Opportunities from Research Data Management Surveys
        date: 2019-11-01
       words: 8599
      flesch: 41
     summary: ©2019 Abigail Goben and Tina Griffin, Attribution-NonCommercial (http://creativecom- mons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) CC BY-NC. mailto:agoben@uic.edu mailto:tmcg@uic.edu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 904 College & Research Libraries November 2019 Literature Review Academic librarians have developed research data management (RDM) services and research over the past decade as researcher demands have derived from the implementation of the National Science Foundation Data Management Plan requirement1 and the Office of Science and Technology Policy memorandum for increased access to federally funded research.2 Librar- ians have undertaken reskilling,3 and there has been extensive research into the preparation and engagement of librarians with research data management.4 A popular starting point for libraries engaging in research data management (RDM) services is a needs assessment (NA); a preliminary count identified more than 50 pub- lished NA case studies.
    keywords: case; data; data management; institutions; library; management; needs; public; research; research data; studies
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        item: #4599 of 5668
          id: crl-23611
      author: Logan, Judith; Barrett, Kathryn; Pagotto, Sabina
       title: Dissatisfaction in Chat Reference Users: A Transcript Analysis Study
        date: 2019-11-01
       words: 13081
      flesch: 63
     summary: Dissatisfaction Actively dissatisfied users represent a small proportion of chat reference users in most popula- tions. 925 Dissatisfaction in Chat Reference Users: A Transcript Analysis Study Judith Logan, Kathryn Barrett, and Sabina Pagotto* This study aims to identify factors and behaviors associated with user dissatisfac- tion with a chat reference interaction to provide chat operators with suggestions of behaviors to avoid.
    keywords: d o; e o; h e; n d; o n; o o; o p; o r; o t; o u; t h; y o
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        item: #4600 of 5668
          id: crl-23612
      author: Maiorana, Zachary; Bogus, Ian; Miller, Mary; Nadal, Jacob; Risseeuw, Katie; Teper, Jennifer Hain
       title: Everything Not Saved Will Be Lost: Preservation in the Age of Shared Print and Withdrawal Projects
        date: 2019-11-01
       words: 14355
      flesch: 56
     summary: p re se rv at io n re vi ew o r o th er p h ys ic al in sp ec ti o n 70 79 % 55 W it h Included in our examination of a shift to active preservation-focused shared print re- tention is an appeal to the value of print retention as a corollary to the ongoing creation of digital surrogates of items originally published in print.
    keywords: c o; d o; h d; h o; o f; o n; o o; o r; o u; o w; p o; ti o; y o
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        item: #4601 of 5668
          id: crl-23613
      author: Kogut, Ashlynn; Foster, Margaret; Ramirez, Diana; Xiao, Daniel
       title: Critical Appraisal of Mathematics Education Systematic Review Search Methods: Implications for Social Sciences Librarians
        date: 2019-11-01
       words: 10856
      flesch: 40
     summary: Reproducibility of systematic review searches can be improved by reporting the names of the databases searched;27 describing the procedures used for finding included studies;28 reporting keyword searches;29 and reporting date limit- ers.30 Even after the availability of standards for reporting systematic reviews, many authors still failed to properly describe their methods.31 Criteria to Analyze the Systematic Review Searches The Campbell Collaboration has the most developed set of guidelines for conducting system- atic reviews on interventions in social sciences disciplines. Social sciences librarians are equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary to collaborate with social sciences researchers in developing systematic review searches and should be confident in their ability to design and execute a comprehensive search.
    keywords: education; learning; librarians; mathematics; research; reviews; sciences; search; searching; studies; systematic; systematic reviews
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        item: #4602 of 5668
          id: crl-23616
      author: Lo, Patrick; So, Stuart; Liu, Qianxiu; Allard, Bradley; Chiu, Dickson
       title: Chinese Students’ Motivations for Overseas versus Domestic MLIS Education: A Comparative Study between University of Tsukuba and Shanghai University
        date: 2019-11-01
       words: 11773
      flesch: 36
     summary: To improve the students’ perceptions of their 1032 College & Research Libraries November 2019 future career, more internship opportunities should be offered to LIS students for their better understanding of potential workplaces and other employment opportunities worldwide. Furthermore, this study has allowed for a broad overview of career patterns among two groups of Mainland Chinese MLIS students while also providing a better understanding of individual personal stories, as well as their career aspirations.
    keywords: china; chinese; chinese students; education; japan; mlis; overseas; participants; shu; students; study; university
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        item: #4603 of 5668
          id: crl-23617
      author: Galoozis, Elizabeth
       title: Affective Aspects of Instruction Librarians’ Decisions to Adopt New Teaching Practices: Laying the Groundwork for Incremental Change
        date: 2019-11-01
       words: 6790
      flesch: 42
     summary: • Identify barriers to adopting new information literacy instruction practices • 1036 Affective Aspects of Instruction Librarians’ Decisions to Adopt New Teaching Practices: Laying the Groundwork for Incremental Change Elizabeth Galoozis* This article addresses the question: How do emotions and emotional labor relate to instruction librarians’ motivations to adopt new teaching practices?
    keywords: information; instruction; librarians; literacy; new; practices; research; teaching
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        item: #4604 of 5668
          id: crl-23619
      author: Aubele, Joseph
       title: Jennifer S. Ferguson. Using Authentic Assessment in Information Literacy Programs: Tools, Techniques, and Strategies. Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield, 2018. 157p. Paper, $45.00 (ISBN 978-1-5381-0481-1).
        date: 2019-11-01
       words: 1134
      flesch: 37
     summary: The first chapter, “Authentic Assessment Defined,” begins provocatively by asking a series of rhetorical questions regarding the current state of library assessment and challenging the profession with the observation that much of what passes for assessment within libraries “tells us very little about the actual learning that takes place in information literacy instruction.” Most of the text, by design, focuses on the intersection of instructional set- tings and assessment methods, but the book is at its very best when pushing the reader to see instruction and assessment in a fundamentally revised way.—Joseph Aubele, California State University Long Beach
    keywords: assessment; authentic
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        item: #4605 of 5668
          id: crl-23620
      author: Budd, John M.
       title: Joacim Hansson. Educating Librarians in the Contemporary University: An Essay on iSchools and Emancipatory Resilience in Library and Information Science. Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press, 2019. 208p. Paper, $22.00 (ISBN 978-1-63400-058-1). LC 2019006528.
        date: 2019-11-01
       words: 1144
      flesch: 43
     summary: Hansson’s analysis is sweeping; he cites and quotes sources from librarianship and LIS, but also from higher education and politics. This phenomenon actually reflects the expansive treat- ment that Hansson offers in his critical assessment both of librarianship and of Library and Information Science (LIS) today.
    keywords: hansson; library
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        item: #4606 of 5668
          id: crl-23621
      author: Stayton, Jenn
       title: Amanda Nichols Hess. Transforming Academic Library Instruction: Shifting Teaching Practices to Reflect Changed Perspectives. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2018. 195p. Paper, $41.00 (ISBN 978-1-5381-1053-9). LCCN 2018-018795.
        date: 2019-11-01
       words: 1743
      flesch: 40
     summary: The Theory and Craft of Digital Preservation presents an overview of the issues inherent to undertaking digital preservation, with an eye to getting the reader to understand the theoretical building blocks of the topic so they can develop preservation plans that will meet the unique needs of their collections. Included in these axioms are key concepts regarding digital preservation, including that “backing up data is not digital preservation” (6) and that “the scale and inherent structures of digital information suggest working more with a shovel than with tweezers” (8).
    keywords: digital; preservation; theory
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        item: #4607 of 5668
          id: crl-23623
      author: Walker, Lizzy
       title: Comics and Critical Librarianship: Reframing the Narrative in Academic Libraries. Olivia Piepmeier and Stephanie Grimm, eds. Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press, 2019. 338p. Paper, $45.00 (ISBN: 978-1-63400-080-2).
        date: 2019-11-01
       words: 2142
      flesch: 34
     summary: The chapters held in this important book identify conversations in comics librarianship that are lacking when it comes to collection management and organization, outreach, instruction, how language and classification can affect how comics are seen in academia, and more. In “Specter of Censorship: Comics in Academic Library Leisure Reading Collections,” Wang discusses the relegation of comics in academic libraries to leisure reading collections and the effect this practice has on the materials themselves.
    keywords: academic; collection; comics; libraries
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        item: #4608 of 5668
          id: crl-24251
      author: Warren, Brad
       title: Developing a Practical Approach to Change
        date: 2020-01-08
       words: 3601
      flesch: 56
     summary: What can we learn from them to inspire us to embark on the difficult path of changes that go beyond our comfort zones and position us to be better agents of practical change into the future? The promise of Plan S and a wonderful future of openly accessible content is not enough to sustain me into the near or distant future with- out thinking about a pragmatic approach to the constant winds of change.
    keywords: approach; change; libraries; practical
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        item: #4609 of 5668
          id: crl-24252
      author: Ferer, Elise
       title: Reference Librarianship & Justice: History, Practice & Praxis. Kate Adler, Ian Beilin, and Eamon Tewell, eds. Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press, 2018. 322p. Paper, $35.00 (ISBN: 978-1-63400-051-2).
        date: 2020-01-08
       words: 1175
      flesch: 49
     summary: This text extends these same practices and pedagogies to reference services. Those working to provide information to prisoners describe how they provide reference services in many different ways, detailing the challenges they face in getting information to the prison population.
    keywords: reference; section
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        item: #4610 of 5668
          id: crl-24253
      author: Kessenides, James
       title: Niels Brügger. The Archived Web: Doing History in the Digital Age. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2018. 200p. Hardcover, $30.00 (ISBN: 978-0-26203-902-4).
        date: 2020-01-08
       words: 1925
      flesch: 51
     summary: Web archives are, strictly speaking, all of those willfully assembled and preserved collec- tions of web materials that no longer appear online in real time, and they enable “web history” understood by Brügger as two things: 1) studies of the web itself; and 2) studies that take something other than the web as their primary subject but incorporate web archives as sources nonetheless (15 and throughout). He writes for an audience of historians and other scholars who would seek to use web archives in their research, but the result is a work that proves richly instructive and valuable for librarians and archivists too.
    keywords: brügger; digital; web
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        item: #4611 of 5668
          id: crl-24254
      author: Alabi, Jaena
       title: Pushing the Margins: Women of Color and Intersectionality in LIS. Rose L. Chou and Annie Pho, eds. Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press, 2018. 508p. $35.00 (ISBN 978-1-63400-052-9).
        date: 2020-01-08
       words: 1834
      flesch: 47
     summary: In particular, the experiences of indigenous/Native American women librarians, Latinx librarians, and women librarians of color from a broader spectrum of religious back- grounds, as well as women of color who work in school, public, and special libraries, continue to receive insufficient attention in the literature. The fifth chapter begins by noting the “constructed” nature of web archives, which are therefore “always biased to some extent” (74).
    keywords: librarians; web; women
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        item: #4612 of 5668
          id: crl-24329
      author: Nichols, Margaret F.
       title: From Storehouse to Laboratory: Trends and Ideals in Academic Librarianship Reflected in C&RL, 1946–1968
        date: 2020-03-05
       words: 6580
      flesch: 50
     summary: 25. Robert S. Taylor, “[review of] Libraries of the Future by J.C.R. Licklider,” C&RL 26, no. 5 (Sept. 1965): 406–07. He predicted that, while the systems analyst would “have great authority in the operation and control of the library systems of the future …it does not follow that the competent, resourceful, generalist librarian will necessarily be superseded by ‘machine-men.’”26 Responses to the Trends Cooperation and Specialization Academic libraries responded to these challenging postwar trends with increased coopera- tion in library services, and increased specialization.
    keywords: academic; c&rl; college; education; librarians; library; research; world
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        item: #4613 of 5668
          id: crl-24330
      author: Pierard, Cindy; Svihla, Vanessa; Clement, Susanne K.; Fazio, Bing-Shan
       title: Undesirable Difficulties: Investigating Barriers to Students’ Learning with Ebooks in a Semester-length Course
        date: 2020-03-05
       words: 10863
      flesch: 51
     summary: Students who annotated their ebooks tended to receive higher grades.61 The instructor’s use of the eb- ook can shape student use; when instructors annotated an ebook, students tended to use the tools more.62 New tools, such as visual timelines that make working with annotations easier, can also improve recall.63 However, we also caution that research on learning has clarified that some actions produce “deceptive clarity.”64 This may explain students’ tendency to be inaccurate when judging whether they learned from ebook reading, compared to print.66 To support student learning, rather than focusing on making the learning more efficient, we should introduce “desirable difficulties.”67
    keywords: affordances; barriers; cohort; ebooks; learning; print; reading; research; students; use
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        item: #4614 of 5668
          id: crl-24331
      author: Moulaison Sandy, Heather; Million, A.J.; Hudson-Vitale, Cynthia
       title: Innovating Support for Research: The Coalescence of Scholarly Communication?
        date: 2020-03-05
       words: 10515
      flesch: 31
     summary: In short, as the field has evolved, scholarly communication information professionals have moved from advocating for open scholarship to actively providing services that relate to the communication and publishing of research, research data, and additional aspects of scientific inquiry that make up the research process. TABLE 2 Alignment between RIN/NESTA Lifecycle and Scholarly Communications Competencies69 RIN/NESTA Research lifecycle stage, from the researcher’s perspective Research outputs as identified by RIN/NESTA Skills/competencies for scholarly communication librarians (see Table 1) (supplied alphabetically) Conceptualising and networking: sharing new research concepts and discussing possible areas for collaboration Messages, posts, user profiles, bibliographies, résumes Advocacy and outreach (CORE): engagement with local community; outreach and programming Discipline knowledge (EMERGING): some knowledge of discipline Proposal writing and design: sharing and discussing drafts of proposals and designs, including communication with funders or institutional bodies on regulatory compliance issues Proposal drafts, data management plans, regulatory compliance documentation, study protocols Data audit (CORE): undertake data audit and use assessment tools Data management (CORE): ability to actively manage research data; provide data management plan services Funder requirements (EMERGING): knowledge of funders’ policies and requirements; knowledge of DMP’s Research workflows (EMERGING): understand research practices and workflows; understand disciplinary norms and standards for DM 206 College & Research Libraries March 2020 TABLE 2 Alignment between RIN/NESTA Lifecycle and Scholarly Communications Competencies69
    keywords: competencies; data; digital; information; libraries; management; research; research data; scholarly communication; skills; work
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        item: #4615 of 5668
          id: crl-24335
      author: Fosnacht, Kevin
       title: Information Literacy’s Influence on Undergraduates’ Learning and Development: Results from a Large Multi-institutional Study
        date: 2020-03-05
       words: 6818
      flesch: 42
     summary: For each outcome, I first estimated a regression model TABLE 4 Fixed effect estimates of the relationship between information literacy factors and selected outcomes by class level Higher-Order Learning Reflective & Integrative Learning Perceived Gains   Est. Information literacy has been widely recognized as a critical college learning outcome for decades.2 However, assessing information literacy skills has been difficult for librarians and other assessment professionals, as the conventional methods frequently focus on small samples at or within a single institution, testing knowledge of specific skills, are time intensive (rubrics), or use instruments that have not been psychometrically validated.3 Due to these concerns, instructional librarians approached the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) to collaborate with NSSE researchers on expanding the information literacy content in
    keywords: engagement; factors; information; information literacy; learning; literacy; module; students
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        item: #4616 of 5668
          id: crl-24336
      author: Saunders, Laura
       title: Core Knowledge and Specialized Skills in Academic Libraries
        date: 2020-03-05
       words: 8705
      flesch: 32
     summary: This suggests that some skills, such as describing information sources, metadata creation and management, and knowledge management are more likely to be considered core skills in settings other than academic libraries. These results align with earlier studies in which library directors identified instruction services as their top priority and predicted the most growth in positions related to teaching and research support, specifically instruction, instructional design, information literacy, and faculty research support.15 Indeed, in each survey since Ithaka began these studies in 2010, more than 90 percent of academic library directors have rated the statement that “the library helps undergraduates develop research, critical analysis, and information literacy skills” as important, and it is the most highly rated function in terms of importance for baccalaureate, master, and doctoral institutions.
    keywords: academic; core; information; knowledge; libraries; library; professionals; skills
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        item: #4617 of 5668
          id: crl-24337
      author: Anderson, Christopher J.
       title: Peter Botticelli, Martha R. Mahard, and Michèle V. Cloonan. Libraries, Archives, and Museums Today: Insights from the Field. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. 169p. Paper, $33.00 (ISBN 978-1-5381-2555-7).
        date: 2020-03-05
       words: 1654
      flesch: 44
     summary: The volume provides readers, especially academic librarians, with a survey of the current trends of libraries, archives, mu- seums, and other cultural heritage institutions. The volume also provides readers with a contemporary understanding and appreciation for what makes cultural institutions successful while also spotlighting examples of when they face transition and sometimes fail.
    keywords: case; institutions; volume
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        item: #4618 of 5668
          id: crl-24338
      author: Williams, Ginger H.
       title: The Future Academic Librarian’s Toolkit: Finding Success on the Job Hunt and in Your First Job. Megan Hodge, ed. Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2019. 318p. Paper, $62.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8957-9). LC 2019-022297.
        date: 2020-03-05
       words: 2459
      flesch: 51
     summary: These, in addition to his own research into algorithms in library systems, help support the author’s assertion that library systems are not immune from bias, thereby making the case that even library systems are not neutral. However, the author asserts that, since library discovery systems are created by people with biases, they are not as neutral as vendors and libraries claim.
    keywords: academic; chapter; library; search
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        item: #4619 of 5668
          id: crl-24339
      author: Walker, Lizzy
       title: Matthew Reidsma. Masked by Trust: Bias in Library Discovery. Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press, 2019. 194p. Paper, $28.00 (ISBN 978-1-63400-083-3). LCCN 2019010995.
        date: 2020-03-05
       words: 1784
      flesch: 49
     summary: However, the author asserts that, since library discovery systems are created by people with biases, they are not as neutral as vendors and libraries claim. Reidsma ends the chapter with questions regarding the perceived objectivity of algorithms, as well as asking about the similarities and differences between search engines and library discovery systems, including if either of them warrant the “blind trust” applied to them by users (30).
    keywords: library; students; systems
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        item: #4620 of 5668
          id: crl-24341
      author: Joseph, Kris
       title: The Culture of Digital Scholarship in Academic Libraries. Robin Chin Roemer and Verletta Kern, eds. Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 2019. 240p. Paper, $71.99 (ISBN 978-0-8389-1897-5). LC 2019943587.
        date: 2020-03-05
       words: 1782
      flesch: 41
     summary: The University of Washington’s digital scholarship librarian, Verletta Kern, synthesizes many of the challenges of digital scholarship as a set of “wicked problems” (78) that the insti- tution continues to interrogate: the values, practices, and contexts of the modern scholarship are framed by questions of the library’s purpose, its priorities, its decisions about strategic infrastructure investment, ongoing funding challenges, and a desire to shift institutional poli- cies in support of the recognition of digital scholarship outputs. Chapter authors’ perspectives are informed by their varied positions at the University of Washington library and a complex portrait of digital scholarship appears when their perspectives are taken together.
    keywords: book; digital; scholarship
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        item: #4621 of 5668
          id: crl-24342
      author: Litsey, Ryan
       title: Gregory C. Thompson, Harish Maringanti, Rick Anderson, Catherine B. Soehner, and Alberta Comer. Strategic Planning for Academic Libraries: A Step-By-Step Guide. Chicago, IL: ALA Editions, 2019. 144p. Paper, $39.99 (ISBN: 978-0-8389-1893-7).
        date: 2020-03-05
       words: 1139
      flesch: 48
     summary: The University of Washington’s digital scholarship librarian, Verletta Kern, synthesizes many of the challenges of digital scholarship as a set of “wicked problems” (78) that the insti- tution continues to interrogate: the values, practices, and contexts of the modern scholarship are framed by questions of the library’s purpose, its priorities, its decisions about strategic infrastructure investment, ongoing funding challenges, and a desire to shift institutional poli- cies in support of the recognition of digital scholarship outputs. However, the structure can at times also get in the way of the larger discussions about the underlying theories of strategic planning.
    keywords: planning; strategic
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        item: #4622 of 5668
          id: crl-24364
      author: Kelly, Katy
       title: Collaborative and Co-curricular: Programming and Academic Library Impact
        date: 2020-04-03
       words: 6816
      flesch: 38
     summary: Count Always 16.7% 2 Very Often 41.7% 5 Sometimes 8.3% 1 Rarely 33.3% 4 Never 0% 0 Total 100% 12 336 College & Research Libraries April 2020 showed a commitment to diversity-related topics within library programming, citing goals such as, “Students are aware of diverse ideas and cultures.” Who plans library programming?
    keywords: academic; curricular; libraries; library; programming; programs
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        item: #4623 of 5668
          id: crl-24365
      author: Westbrock, Theresa; Cox, Angie
       title: Students Helping Students: Creating and Evaluating a Collaborative Service Model in the Library
        date: 2020-04-03
       words: 8423
      flesch: 44
     summary: Therefore, this review of literature is twofold: library student assistant training and the role of referrals in libraries. To prepare for the move to the main floor of the library and to prepare for staffing a highly visible service desk, the Office of Undergraduate Studies branded their combined services as Students Helping Students 347 The Learning Center @ Rod Library (TLC) and worked closely with the library to establish areas of collaboration including training for TLC student assistants and LSD student assistants on basic skills (job-related) and advanced skills (supplemental skills, such as information literacy, communication, and other essential skills) for the purpose of staffing the two desks with a common service model; dedicated space in the library’s Learning Commons for peer mentors and tutors to conduct office hours; and a redefined cross-disciplinary service desk in the library’s Learning Commons staffed by TLC students.
    keywords: academic; assistants; library; service; skills; student; student assistants; training
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        item: #4624 of 5668
          id: crl-24366
      author: Faulk, Nick; Crist, Emily
       title: A Mixed-Methods Study of Library Communication with Online Students and Faculty Members
        date: 2020-04-03
       words: 8514
      flesch: 40
     summary: Asynchronous assistance and online help, keystones of online library communication, can span a range of approaches and topics, leaving librarians with a number of consider- ations when supporting their online users. A Mixed-Methods Study of Library Communication with Online Students and Faculty Members  363 Research on online library instruction also provides useful insights that can inform com- munication initiatives.
    keywords: college; communication; faculty; librarian; library; online; research; students
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        item: #4625 of 5668
          id: crl-24367
      author: Mayer, Jennifer; Dineen, Rachel; Rockwell, Angela; Blodgett, Jayne
       title: Undergraduate Student Success and Library Use: A Multimethod Approach
        date: 2020-04-03
       words: 11375
      flesch: 53
     summary: Literature Review Dating back several decades, there is an expansive array of literature in higher education focused on student persistence and student success. • What role can or does the library play in student academic success?
    keywords: academic; college; libraries; library; research; services; student; student success; study; success; use
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        item: #4626 of 5668
          id: crl-24368
      author: Croxton, Rebecca A.; Moore, Anne Cooper
       title: Quantifying Library Engagement: Aligning Library, Institutional, and Student Success Data
        date: 2020-04-03
       words: 13998
      flesch: 58
     summary: In addition to the patron privacy statement, the library also created and adopted language that library employees can use at service desks and in instructional or consultative sessions when fielding students’ questions about our collection and usage of student engagement data and personally identifying information (PII), thereby providing a greater level of transparency. Once it looked like we had sufficient partners to make the project viable, the Office of Research Compliance helped the researchers write the IRB application and ensure everything related to the study and protection of student data was in place.
    keywords: .01; 1–2; data; engagement; library; new; student; university
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        item: #4627 of 5668
          id: crl-24371
      author: Lowe, M. Sara; Currier, Abby; Graunke, Steven
       title: Documenting the Value of Librarians in the Classroom: Results from a Mixed-Methods Research Collaboration with Campus Partners
        date: 2020-04-03
       words: 8823
      flesch: 39
     summary: Data demonstrating the impact of teaching librarians on student IL competencies adds value to their work and justifies the existence of library educational services. This factor left subject librarians, faculty, and cam- pus administration without a clear picture of what IL skills students have when entering the university or what IL skills they have acquired at graduation.
    keywords: division; information; librarians; literacy; research; rubric; students; upper; year
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        item: #4628 of 5668
          id: crl-24372
      author: Epstein, Maglen; Draxler, Bridget
       title: Collaborative Assessment of an Academic Library and Writing Center Partnership: Embedded Writing and Research Tutors for First-Year Students
        date: 2020-04-03
       words: 14585
      flesch: 56
     summary: We offered this assessment activity during students’ final tutoring session as a second re- flective opportunity in the hope that it would provide qualitative data to contextualize the self-efficacy surveys, but the timing alongside final research projects contributed to a weak response rate, both in terms of the quantity and quality of student writing. We hired two writing and research tutors after the course ended to serve as student research assistants for our assess- ment initiative, giving them further leadership opportunities but also including key student perspectives on the evolution of our assessment design and implementation.
    keywords: academic; assessment; college; learning; libraries; research; students; tutor; writing; year
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        item: #4629 of 5668
          id: crl-24373
      author: Cheng, James; Hoffman, Starr
       title: Librarians and Administrators on Academic Library Impact Research: Characteristics and Perspectives
        date: 2020-04-03
       words: 13242
      flesch: 41
     summary: This study addressed this limitation by surveying and interviewing professional librarians who are directly conducting library impact research, asking about their research experience, their attitudes about impact research, and their response to the ACRL report. This study, sponsored by an ACRL Impact Grant, specifically sought to expand the ACRL Academic Library Impact report, which defined strategic directions for library impact research, largely defined from the perspective of high-level administrators.
    keywords: academic; academic library; administrators; impact; librarians; library; library impact; report; research
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        item: #4630 of 5668
          id: crl-24374
      author: Jones, Kyle M.L.; Briney, Kristin A.; Goben, Abigail; Salo, Dorothea; Asher, Andrew; Perry, Michael R.
       title: A Comprehensive Primer to Library Learning Analytics Practices, Initiatives, and Privacy Issues
        date: 2020-04-03
       words: 11928
      flesch: 18
     summary: Kristin A. Briney, “Data Management Practices in Academic Library Learning Analytics: A Critical Re- view,” Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication 7, no. 1 (Feb. 22, 2019): 1–39, https://doi.org/10.7710/2162- 3309.2268. Briney, “Data Management Practices in Academic Library Learning Analytics.” 126.
    keywords: academic; academic library; analytics; available; data; learning; learning analytics; libraries; library; library learning; march; online; practices; privacy; research; research libraries; student
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        item: #4631 of 5668
          id: crl-24430
      author: Kaspar, Wendi Arant
       title: Work/Life Unbalanced
        date: 2020-05-05
       words: 2078
      flesch: 52
     summary: Thinking about this more broadly in terms of the impact on institutions and on higher education, thankfully, many institutions have the resources to be flexible and move classes online. and it feels like real life took a vacation and never came back, leaving us with… whatever this is.
    keywords: life; online; work
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        item: #4632 of 5668
          id: crl-24432
      author: Walters, William H.; Gormley, John; Handfield, Amy E.; López-Fitzsimmons, Bernadette M.; Markgren, Susanne; Paradise, Laurin; Sheehan, Sarah E.
       title: Library Book Selection Decisions and Selectors’ Effectiveness: Differences among Librarians, Faculty, and Students
        date: 2020-05-05
       words: 15693
      flesch: 42
     summary: Book selection experience is coded 1 for those with significant book selection experience and 0 for all others.47 Librarians received credit for book selection experience if “regular (e.g., weekly or monthly) selection of books/monographs was a significant component of [their] professional work” for one or more years. Within the title-by-title selection framework, librarians and faculty are often jointly re- sponsible for book selection.
    keywords: book selection; books; collection; decisions; experience; faculty; librarians; library; percent; selection decisions; selectors; students; subject
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        item: #4633 of 5668
          id: crl-24433
      author: Crist, Emily; Popa, Diana
       title: Information Literacy and Cultural Context: Chinese English Language Learners’ Understandings of Information Authority
        date: 2020-05-05
       words: 8404
      flesch: 41
     summary: Students asked evaluative questions of information sources, such as why the information was produced, what it was designed to do, and who created it. Bias/Personal Experience While students quickly pointed out potential bias in information sources, they generally neglected to reflect on their own biases, judgments, and preconceived attitudes toward in- formation.
    keywords: academic; cultural; information; information literacy; international; literacy; research; sources; students
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        item: #4634 of 5668
          id: crl-24435
      author: Couture, Juliann; Gerke, Jennie; Knievel, Jennifer
       title: Getting into the Club: Existence and Availability of Mentoring for Tenured Librarians in Academic Libraries
        date: 2020-05-05
       words: 9971
      flesch: 38
     summary: However, survey responses suggest that promotion processes are not as objective as librarians might believe and are perceived as highly political processes by those seeking promotion. However, O’Meara and Stromquist found that, while peer net- works provide women faculty with agency and support for career growth and satisfaction, it was limited in its ability to bring about change at departmental or organizational levels.27 Getting into the Club 679 Role of Gender in Seeking Promotion An area of increasing exploration in academia generally centers on understanding the barriers to faculty seeking promotion to full professor.28 One theme that has emerged in these examina- tions is the role of gender as a factor in pursuing the highest rank.
    keywords: faculty; informal; librarians; mentoring; professor; promotion; research; tenure; university
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        item: #4635 of 5668
          id: crl-24436
      author: Lennertz, Lora L.; Jones, Phillip J.
       title: A Question of Time: Sociotemporality in Academic Libraries
        date: 2020-05-05
       words: 9353
      flesch: 42
     summary: Although he used persons from each profession to validate his categorization of each as high time-urgent or low time-urgent, he did not address variations within each field on his scale or the variety of jobs within either field.35 Ifijeh discussed the importance of time management in academic libraries, A Question of Time 705 but his practical approaches to organizational efficiency did not explore differences among individuals or the socially constructed dimensions of time.36 Anderson proposed a matrix of spatial and temporal orientations to library work with two binary axes: global/local and long- term/short-term.37 He argued that each library and staff member occupied a spot on this grid and that when “unsustainable friction” arose between the employer and an employee with a contrasting proclivity, the ethical mandate was for the librarian “to look for other work. In an era of attention to work/life balance, the authors were interested in determining the degree to which professionals were able to separate work time from personal time.
    keywords: academic; authors; department; libraries; library; research; survey; time; work
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        item: #4636 of 5668
          id: crl-24437
      author: Beile, Penny; deNoyelles, Aimee; Raible, John
       title: Analysis of an Open Textbook Adoption in an American History Course: Impact on Student Academic Outcomes and Behaviors
        date: 2020-05-05
       words: 8472
      flesch: 39
     summary: Perceptions Finally, student perceptions of the general quality of open textbooks, as well as the course open textbook’s credibility, relevance to the course, and support of their performance in the course were explored. In a meta-analysis of 22 studies about open textbook adoption that had been published in the last three years, Hilton concluded that 95 percent of the studies cited same or better outcomes for students who used open textbooks versus commercial course materials.17
    keywords: adoption; cost; course; materials; open; open textbook; students; textbook
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        item: #4637 of 5668
          id: crl-24438
      author: Hansen, Alicia
       title: Terry Darr. Combating Plagiarism: A Hands-On Guide for Librarians, Teachers, and Students. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited, 2019. 307p. Paperback, $45.00 (ISBN 978-1-4408-6546-6).
        date: 2020-05-05
       words: 1153
      flesch: 56
     summary: The descriptions of some of the theories involved— state of plagiarism, writing and plagiarism, librarians as plagiarism education teachers—offer a literature review as part of each very short section. Combating Plagiarism is a practical guide for those teachers and librarians responsible for delivering how-to’s and competency exercises for students on how to avoid plagiarism.
    keywords: book; plagiarism
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        item: #4638 of 5668
          id: crl-24439
      author: Vandagriff, Susan
       title: The Grounded Instruction Librarian: Participating in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning. Melissa Mallon, Lauren Hays, Cara Bradley, Rhonda Huisman, and Jackie Belanger, eds. Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2019. 378p. $76.00 (ISBN 0-8389-4621-3). LC 2019943314.
        date: 2020-05-05
       words: 1812
      flesch: 49
     summary: Next, the “SoTL Theory” section highlights librarians’ efforts to explore the theo- retical underpinnings of pedagogy and to understand how SoTL theory intersects with and encompasses the theories of other disciplines. This section and the one that follows it offer the more practically applicable chapters of the book, presenting mostly case studies that describe collaborations, interventions, and assessment techniques arising from SoTL theory and highlighting method- ologies that have allowed these librarians to gain new insights into how both they and their students conceptualize the act of learning.
    keywords: book; sotl
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        item: #4639 of 5668
          id: crl-24442
      author: Matković, Danijela
       title: Ethical Questions in Name Authority Control. Jane Sandberg, ed. Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press, 2019. 418p. Paper, $35.00 (ISBN 978-1-63400-054-3).
        date: 2020-05-05
       words: 1476
      flesch: 42
     summary: The final part of the volume consists of four chapters that offer practical solutions to some of the problems discussed in previous chapters and describes community-driven approaches to ethical name authority cataloging. The authors discuss examples of name authority related to tribal nations in the state of Colorado and propose structural changes in the representation of Native American names.
    keywords: authority; chapters; ethical
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        item: #4640 of 5668
          id: crl-24509
      author: Kaspar, Wendi
       title: Boundaries: Some Thoughts on Space…
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 2237
      flesch: 57
     summary: In looking at how Trompe- naars and others classify countries by their orientation to time, I used the small sample of countries from my admittedly limited experience with foreign exchange, to see if they might provide any insight: 750 College & Research Libraries July 2020 Hofstede’s model also looks at differences between countries, but the factors most in- formed by time were future orientation and uncertainty avoidance.
    keywords: term; time; work
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        item: #4641 of 5668
          id: crl-24510
      author: Benson, Sara R.; Stitzlein, Hannah
       title: Copyright and Digital Collections: A Data-Driven Roadmap for Rights Statement Success
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 7706
      flesch: 42
     summary: Results from the interviews reveal key findings on effective rights statement implementation techniques as well as common tools used by librarians when applying rights statements to digital collections. An analysis of rights statements in digital collection metadata from the DPLA Illinois service hub participants in 2017 was at odds with the high levels of confidence self-reported in a 2016 librarian copyright knowledge survey in which the Illinois hub found that only 25 percent of the metadata in the rights field included any information about copyright.2 Sara R. Benson is Copyright Librarian at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; email: srbenson@il- linois.edu.
    keywords: collections; copyright; digital; interview; participants; rights; rights statements; statements
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        item: #4642 of 5668
          id: crl-24511
      author: Brunskill, Amelia
       title: “Without That Detail, I’m Not Coming”: The Perspectives of Students with Disabilities on Accessibility Information Provided on Academic Library Websites
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 10267
      flesch: 39
     summary: This survey could provide an overview of the current state of library accessibility pages, identify potential best practices in terms of the provision of accessibility information, and also docu- ment the variety of services and resources different libraries currently offer. Discussion The goal of this study was to gain insights from university students with disabilities about how library accessibility webpages can be made findable and useful for them.
    keywords: accessibility; disabilities; disability; information; library; participants; services; students
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        item: #4643 of 5668
          id: crl-24512
      author: Hardesty, Juliet L.; Johnson, Jennifer; Wittenberg, Jamie; Hall, Nathan; Cook, Matt; Lischer-Katz, Zack; Xie, Zhiwu; McDonald, Robert
       title: 3D Data Repository Features, Best Practices, and Implications for Preservation Models: Findings from a National Forum
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 9189
      flesch: 32
     summary: 3D Data Repository Features, Best Practices, and Implications for Preservation Models 791 Literature Review Challenges specific to 3D repositories have been previously explored, and various repository workflows and infrastructures have been proposed for 3D models and collections. Common themes among proposals include collecting metadata centrally while keep- ing raw files distributed, including processing steps to generate 3D models as part of a reposi- tory workflow, and providing a way to easily access the original data for reuse and research.
    keywords: 3d data; data; digital; forum; metadata; models; practices; preservation; repository; research
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        item: #4644 of 5668
          id: crl-24513
      author: Mizrachi, Diane; Salaz, Alicia M.
       title: Beyond the Surveys: Qualitative Analysis from the Academic Reading Format International Study (ARFIS)
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 6718
      flesch: 51
     summary: I prefer to have all my course materials in print format. Respondents ascribed a sense of better or easier learning and information retention to a variety of qualities and affordances found in print formats.
    keywords: electronic; format; learning; preferences; print; reading; students
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        item: #4645 of 5668
          id: crl-24514
      author: Bobkowski, Piotr S.; Younger, Karna
       title: News Credibility: Adapting and Testing a Source Evaluation Assessment in Journalism
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 11565
      flesch: 38
     summary: Indeed, MacMillan acknowledged that the journalism students in her study of student source evaluation skills may have relied on some “performativity” that prevented a precise and “objective measure” of students’ abilities to evaluate sources.46 In sum, identifying a threshold concept that underlies source evaluation skills can facilitate the development of an assessment of these skills that detects students’ masking and mimicking language. As some of the excerpts from student evaluations illustrate, evaluation accuracy is not guaranteed, even when students provide evidence of their credibility argu- ments.
    keywords: article; assessment; credibility; cues; evaluation; information; information literacy; literacy; semester; source; students
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        item: #4646 of 5668
          id: crl-24515
      author: Elkins, Susan; Hwang, Soo-yeon; Kim, Dianna; Manolovitz, Tyler; Mueller, Kat Landry; Owens, Erin
       title: What Do You Want from Us? Evaluating Student Interest in Technology-Based Services in Academic Libraries
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 8694
      flesch: 45
     summary: Conclusion This study focused heavily on student social media usage and engagement with the library on these platforms. In addition, new ques- tions were added regarding technology and social media platforms that have emerged since the last survey, such as Instagram and Snapchat.
    keywords: facebook; figure; libraries; library; percent; platform; social media; students; use
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        item: #4647 of 5668
          id: crl-24517
      author: Johnson, Kelli
       title: Diversity and Inclusion in Libraries: A Call to Action and Strategies for Success. Shannon D. Jones and Beverly Murphy, eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. 210p. Paper, $35.00 (ISBN 978-1-5381-1439-1).
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 1084
      flesch: 56
     summary: Shannon Jones and Beverly Murphy have addressed the issue of making libraries more diverse and inclusive, taking it head-on with a systematic review of what diversity and inclusion mean for libraries and why they are important. Part II addresses other issues facing libraries as they attempt to diversify and be more inclusive, including aligning diversity and inclusion strategic planning with the parent organization and recruiting, retaining, and supporting a diverse staff.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #4648 of 5668
          id: crl-24518
      author: Hendley, Michelle
       title: Alex Berrio Matamoros. Information Literacy for Today’s Diverse Students: Differentiated Instructional Techniques for Academic Libraries. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited, 2018. 159p. Paper. $75.00 (ISBN 987-1-4408-6207-6). LC 2018031624.
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 1678
      flesch: 43
     summary: The author effectively describes differentiated instruction and suggests practical advice on how to introduce the approach within the context of teaching information literacy; how- ever, some of the theory presented to justify the use of differentiated instruction is disputed. For example, he discusses in-class activities for information literacy instruction that require active participation of students.
    keywords: differentiated; information; instruction
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        item: #4649 of 5668
          id: crl-24519
      author: Curtis, Scott
       title: Critical Approaches to Credit-Bearing Information Literacy Courses. Angela Pashia and Jessica Critten, eds. Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2019. 328p. Paper, $62.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8947-0).
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 1738
      flesch: 45
     summary: The result is a practical structure for developing excellence in online library services featuring a variety of voices from across many library settings. Library Services for Online Patrons focuses on the diversity of patrons accessing the library online through equitable access to resources and establishing best practices for providing library services.
    keywords: course; critical; students
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        item: #4650 of 5668
          id: crl-24520
      author: Costello, Laura
       title: Library Services for Online Patrons: A Manual for Facilitating Access, Learning, and Engagement. Joelle E. Pitts, Laura Bonella, Jason M. Coleman, and Adam Wathen, eds. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited, 2019. 200p. Paperback. $55.00 (ISBN 978-1-44-085952-6).
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 1185
      flesch: 50
     summary: The result is a practical structure for developing excellence in online library services featuring a variety of voices from across many library settings. The recent closures of many libraries due to COVID-19 has highlighted both readiness to provide services online and possible deficiencies in online service.
    keywords: online; patrons
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        item: #4651 of 5668
          id: crl-24521
      author: Shelton, Mark
       title: Information Literacy and Theological Librarianship: Theory and Praxis. Bobby Smiley, ed. Chicago, IL: Atla Open Press, an imprint of the American Theological Library Association, 2019. 189p. Paper, $35.00 (ISBN: 978-1-949800-01-2).
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 1861
      flesch: 54
     summary: The Globalized Library is a collection of chapters by a variety of authors, organized in five sections that look at informa- tion literacy for international students, international student outreach, international collections, library services abroad, and international pro- fessional development. Section II, on the subject of outreach to international patrons, includes many good ideas for making international students feel included by libraries.
    keywords: chapter; online
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        item: #4652 of 5668
          id: crl-24571
      author: Becksford, Lisa
       title: Teacher, Librarian, or Both? A Quantitative Investigation of Instruction Librarians’ Teacher Identity
        date: 2022-05-02
       words: 9423
      flesch: 45
     summary: In addition, a relationship was found between pedagogy knowledge and teacher identity. Furthermore, research on teacher identity in K–12 teachers suggests that “a teacher’s realization of [their] identity” contributes to a “sense of agency”3 as well as to their commitment to teaching and how fulfilled they are professionally.4 The discussion about librarians’ potential roles as teachers is not new, surfacing as early as the 1940s.5
    keywords: identity; instruction; librarians; teacher; teacher identity; teaching
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        item: #4653 of 5668
          id: crl-24575
      author: Dimmit Smyth, Laura; Moore, Ian; Saylor, Kodi
       title: “Looking for Pictures of Clouds”: Defining the Unique Research Needs of Creative Communities
        date: 2022-05-02
       words: 8970
      flesch: 38
     summary: While past literature has engaged with supporting specific creative disciplines, this study focuses on the collective research needs of creative communities.  This was true for the three authors, who have worked with varying types of creative communities in three different institutions: creative writers, theater profession- als, graphic designers, musicians, acting students, dancers, visual artists, and students in a wide-ranging “interdisciplinary arts” program.
    keywords: art; communities; creative; creative communities; information; libraries; library; literacy; needs; research
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        item: #4654 of 5668
          id: crl-24614
      author: Bakker, Caitlin; Cooper, Kristen; Langham-Putrow, Allison; McBurney, Jennifer
       title: Qualitative Analysis of Faculty Opinions on and Perceptions of Research Impact Metrics
        date: 2020-09-10
       words: 8322
      flesch: 40
     summary: that involved administering a survey regarding attitudes toward and use of research impact metrics across four institutions.33 The broader, multisite study focused on the analysis of quantitative data from all four institutions, while this paper addresses qualita- tive aspects derived from the previously unexamined open-ended survey questions on beliefs, concerns, perceptions, and use of research metrics, focusing on the data from our institution. With the end goal of improving our library’s research impact–related services to better support faculty and researchers across campus, this exploratory qualitative analysis offers a more nuanced understanding of the current landscape of opinion around research impact metrics.
    keywords: faculty; impact; metrics; participants; research; researchers; scholarly; use
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        item: #4655 of 5668
          id: crl-24615
      author: Marques, Mafalda; Stone, Graham
       title: Transitioning to Open Access: An Evaluation of the UK Springer Compact Agreement Pilot 2016–2018
        date: 2020-09-10
       words: 6802
      flesch: 55
     summary: All institutions taking part in the Springer Compact agreement published OA articles equivalent to or in excess of their total 2014 APC spend between 2016 and 2018. By 2018, 30 percent of institutions published OA articles to the value of or in excess of the combined fee paid to Springer.
    keywords: agreement; articles; institutions; number; springer
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        item: #4656 of 5668
          id: crl-24616
      author: Ibacache, Kathia; Muñoz-Diaz, Javier Alonso; Berry, Caitlin M.; Vance, Eric A.
       title: Forgotten Hispano-American Literature: Representation of Hispano-American Presses in Academic Libraries
        date: 2020-09-10
       words: 7554
      flesch: 37
     summary: Hilary H. Thompson et al., investigating the borrowing needs of Latin American materials by users of the Big Ten Academic Alliance, suggest that publications from Latin American and other countries around the globe enhance diversity and promote a global vision while meeting the teaching and research needs of universities.27 Collecting international materials including those of Latin American countries has chal- lenges. 928 Forgotten Hispano-American Literature: Representation of Hispano-American Presses in Academic Libraries Kathia Salomé Ibacache Oliva, Javier Munoz-Diaz, Caitlin M. Berry, and Eric A. Vance* As inclusion becomes a growing standard for universities in the United States, data extracted from OCLC suggest that university libraries in the United States build their Spanish-language collections with books purchased primarily in Spain and Mexico.
    keywords: american; american countries; books; countries; hispano; libraries; presses; publishing; university; university libraries
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        item: #4657 of 5668
          id: crl-24617
      author: Barr, Nigel Christopher; Lord, Bill; Flanagan, Belinda; Carter, Roger
       title: Developing a Framework to Improve Information and Digital Literacy in a Bachelor of Paramedic Science Entry-to-Practice Program
        date: 2020-09-10
       words: 13099
      flesch: 38
     summary: to Defining the Meaning of Information Literacy as a Skill Theme Frequency, Percentage Find/Collect n = 22, 84.6% Critique/Evaluate n = 14, 53.8% Integrate n = 10, 38.5% Understand n = 10, 38.5 Identify Knowledge Required n = 9, 34.6% Communicate n = 5, 19.2% Learn n = 1, 3.8% Manage Data n = 1, 3.8% Developing a Framework to Improve Information and Digital Literacy 951 Consensus on ILE Learning Outcomes and Position within a Program Delphi participants indicated the level of importance (high, moderate, or low) of learning out- comes and place in the program where these outcomes need to be achieved (early, middle, or late). Susan Kaplan Jacobs, Peri Rosenfeld, and Judith Haber, “Information Literacy as the Foundation for Evidence-Based Practice in Graduate Nursing Education: A Curriculum-Integrated Approach,” Journal of Profes- Developing a Framework to Improve Information and Digital Literacy 979 sional Nursing 19, no. 5 (2003): 320–28.
    keywords: high; information; information literacy; learning; o o; program; research; skills; sources; students; year
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        item: #4658 of 5668
          id: crl-24618
      author: Lavoie, Brian; Dempsey, Lorcan; Malpas, Constance
       title: Reflections on Collective Collections
        date: 2020-09-10
       words: 7501
      flesch: 35
     summary: Collective collections have progressed to the point where the concept is now quite familiar, with many examples to point to, and a growing awareness of the wide range of library interests in which collective collections could play an important role. Collective collections are library collections at scale.
    keywords: book; collections; collective; collective collections; libraries; library; print
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        item: #4659 of 5668
          id: crl-24620
      author: Kozlowska, Anna; Scoulas, Jung Mi
       title: International Scholarly Activity among Academic Librarians in the United States
        date: 2020-09-10
       words: 7744
      flesch: 27
     summary: “At Home” framework for international research and scholarly activity, this study examines the extent of scholarly activity between librarians from the United States and international institutional and individual collaborators (that is, confer- ence attendance, collaborations and staff exchanges, publications and collaborative authorship). The results show that international research and scholarly activity is rare among U.S. librarians.
    keywords: academic; international; internationalization; librarians; library; research; scholarly
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        item: #4660 of 5668
          id: crl-24621
      author: Anderson, Melissa
       title: Melissa A. Wong. Instructional Design for LIS Professionals: A Guide for Teaching Librarians and Information Science Professionals. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited, 2019. 280p. Paper, $85.00 (ISBN 978-1-4408-6713-2). LC 2018058323.
        date: 2020-09-10
       words: 1686
      flesch: 38
     summary: Wong organizes her book into three sections that proceed organically from theories of teaching and learning through the different stages of course development to the application of instructional design to professional development contexts. The first section of the book provides a concise overview of the theories of teaching and learning that shape instructional design today, each with its application to LIS teaching ex- 1043 1044 College & Research Libraries September 2020 plained.
    keywords: book; design; instructional
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        item: #4661 of 5668
          id: crl-24623
      author: Avery, Joshua
       title: Seeing the Past with Computers: Experiments with Augmented Reality and Computer Vision for History. Kevin Kee and Timothy Compeau, eds. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2019. 254p. Hardcover, $75.00 (ISBN: 978-0-472-13111-2).
        date: 2020-09-10
       words: 1760
      flesch: 45
     summary: Geoffrey Rockwell and Sean Gouglas share how mobile devices can help the general public learn more about local history, while Timothy Compeau and Robert MacDougall share the lessons they learned in designing and running two educational, history games that wove student learning about the War of 1812 with “threshold concepts” (191) about the discipline of history. It is to these very tasks—accessing, understanding, and teaching history—that Kevin Kee and Timothy Compeau, both historians, contribute Seeing the Past with Computers: Experiments with Augmented Reality and Computer Vision for History the most recent offering in the Digital Humanities Series from the University of Michigan Press. Aimed at historians and digital humanists, the volume will, nevertheless, be of interest to librarians and archivists for its explo- ration of how scholars are using physical and digital collections in new and innovative ways.
    keywords: chapter; digital; history
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        item: #4662 of 5668
          id: crl-24624
      author: DesMarais, Janis L.
       title: Copyright Conversations: Rights Literacy in a Digital World. Sara R. Benson, ed. Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2019. 401p. Paper, $88.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-4654-1). LC 2019951271.
        date: 2020-09-10
       words: 1799
      flesch: 50
     summary: Copyright law is a complex and powerful set of regulations that establishes rights of creators and outlines the ways in which others may or may not exploit these products. The first part, “Copyright Librarians’ Role and Advocacy,” discusses how all librarians in the academic institution should gain and possess a comfort level related to copyright law to make informed choices, resist fears, and work within the risk level tolerated by their institu- tions.
    keywords: copyright; law; librarians
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        item: #4663 of 5668
          id: crl-24625
      author: Irwin, Rebekah
       title: Archival Values: Essays in Honor of Mark A. Greene. Christine Weideman and Mary A. Caldera, eds. Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 2019. 300p. Paper, $55.99 (ISBN 978-0838946503).
        date: 2020-09-10
       words: 1225
      flesch: 57
     summary: If you were to do so, you would be rewarded with Book Reviews 1051 diverse, sometimes startlingly timely essays that speak not only to badge-carrying archivists but also to the constellation of staff and professionals who work side by side with them. Whether navigating and advising on copyright is one’s primary role or if copyright law influences one’s work, Copyright Conversations: Rights Literacy in a Digital World is a valuable text to have on hand on your bookshelf or in your library.—Janis L. DesMarais, College of the Holy Cross Archival Values:
    keywords: essays; greene
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        item: #4664 of 5668
          id: crl-24669
      author: Fitzgerald, Sarah; Budd, John; Beile, Penny; Kaspar, Wendi
       title: Modeling Transparency in Roles: Moving from Authorship to Contributorship
        date: 2020-11-03
       words: 2291
      flesch: 34
     summary: This led us to eliminate Funding Acquisition, Project Administration, Resources, Supervision, and Validation from our list of author contribution roles. Hand in hand with this priority to bring transparency to the reviewer process and decision making, there has also been discussion about how to advocate for more transparency in author roles and assigning credit.
    keywords: data; research; roles
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        item: #4665 of 5668
          id: crl-24672
      author: Tran, Ngoc-Yen; Chan, Emily K.
       title: Seeking and Finding Research Collaborators: An Exploratory Study of Librarian Motivations, Strategies, and Success Rates
        date: 2020-11-03
       words: 4556
      flesch: 44
     summary: 1102 College & Research Libraries November 2020 Conclusion While most studies on research collaborations have used co-authorship on articles or publica- tions as a method for identifying existing research collaborations, this study used a survey questionnaire to examine librarian methods and motivations for finding research collaborators with their corresponding outcomes. while this phenomenon has been largely acknowledged in the profession, there is a lack of clarity on the factors that motivate librarians to seek research collaborators.
    keywords: collaborators; librarians; o o; research; respondents
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        item: #4666 of 5668
          id: crl-24673
      author: Zhao, Jennifer Cong Yan; Mawhinney, Tara
       title: Effectiveness of Vernacular Library Orientation Videos in Comparison with the English Language Equivalent
        date: 2020-11-03
       words: 8239
      flesch: 44
     summary: Cornell University Library’s Welcome to Cornell University Library (Chinese),29 and McGill University Library’s Welcome to the McGill Library in several different languages.30 These videos “showcase library resources and services in a direct and vivid way,” and the native languages used in narration make students “feel encouraged to come to the library and comfortable to contact the librarians.”31 While vernacular language orientation videos may still be new in the library, the success of using library videos to reach out to students in general manifests the potential of expanding this strategy to the international student population. In addi- tion, this review summarizes the success of using library videos in outreach and how various audiovisual features used in videos contribute to their success.
    keywords: english; international; language; library; participants; students; study; video
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        item: #4667 of 5668
          id: crl-24674
      author: Shirazi, Roxanne; Zweibel, Stephen
       title: Documenting Digital Projects: Instituting Guidelines for Digital Dissertations and Theses in the Humanities
        date: 2020-11-03
       words: 7531
      flesch: 28
     summary: The goal of this study was to obtain and analyze data on the types of digital projects submitted to the library to inform the design of an additional set of preliminary pages for digital dissertations and theses. This begins to resemble the unique publication contexts of digital dissertations and sug- gests a broader utility of efforts to formalize digital project documentation for student works.
    keywords: digital; dissertations; graduate; library; list; project; research; software; work
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        item: #4668 of 5668
          id: crl-24675
      author: Rutledge, Lorelei B.
       title: Leveling Up: Women Academic Librarians’ Career Progression in Management Positions
        date: 2020-11-03
       words: 13649
      flesch: 47
     summary: Introduction Although 83 percent of librarians are women, only 58 percent of management positions in ARL (Association of Research Libraries) libraries are held by women.1 Although trends have shown women taking on a greater number of management positions in libraries over time, they are still proportionally underrepresented.2 This continued inequality raises questions about whether women managers still face real and perceived barriers in career advancement and taking on management opportunities in librarianship. ©2020 Lorelei B. Rutledge, Attribution-NonCommercial (https://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) CC BY-NC. mailto:Lorelei.Rutledge@utah.edu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 1144 College & Research Libraries November 2020 cover more about the factors that encourage women to consider management positions or discourage them from doing so, and how the career paths of women managers differ from those of women nonmanagers.
    keywords: academic; gender; leadership; librarians; management; managers; positions; research; women; work
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        item: #4669 of 5668
          id: crl-24676
      author: Hughes, Michael P.
       title: How I Stopped Worrying and Learned to Love the Usage Data
        date: 2020-11-03
       words: 8834
      flesch: 52
     summary: This article discusses current approaches to reporting and assessing library book use, addresses the question of what qualifies as a worthwhile use of library materials, and presents an analysis of four years of COUNTER 4 BR2 ebook reports at a single research institution to explore the reliability of page view-level usage data for collection assessment. Of course, we don’t usually look at use data during a four-year period; instead, we generally collect our statistics annually.
    keywords: book; collection; data; library; section; successful; use
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        item: #4670 of 5668
          id: crl-24677
      author: Ferer, Elise
       title: The Information Literacy Framework: Case Studies of Successful Implementation. Heidi Julien, Melissa Gross, and Don Latham, eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2020. 296p. Paper, $50.00 (ISBN 978-1-5381-2144-3). LC 20-9038974.
        date: 2020-11-03
       words: 1009
      flesch: 45
     summary: Other topics covered in this section include embedding information literacy within curriculum, planning to assess student skills based on the Framework, and using the Framework as a guide to think about information literacy instruction. In the preface, the editors briefly introduce the short history of the Framework including how librarians have begun to use the document in instruction.
    keywords: framework
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        item: #4671 of 5668
          id: crl-24678
      author: Litsey, Ryan
       title: Shin Freedman and James M. Freedman. Becoming a Library Leader: Seven Stages of Leadership Development for Academic Librarians. Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2020. 268p. Paper, $68 (ISBN-10: 0838947670). ISBN-13: 978-0838947678.
        date: 2020-11-03
       words: 1145
      flesch: 47
     summary: Chapters cover library leadership in the face of challenges, mentoring, collegiality, and organizational culture. 1186 College & Research Libraries November 2020 The stated intention of training new leaders and the specified audience creates a book that is geared toward the practical development of a successful leader.
    keywords: framework; leadership
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        item: #4672 of 5668
          id: crl-24679
      author: O’Dea, Mary E.S.
       title: Elizabeth Brookbank and H. Faye Christenberry. MLA Guide to Undergraduate Research in Literature. New York, NY: Modern Language Association of America, 2019. 137p. Paper, $16.00 (ISBN 9781603294362). LC 2019011165.
        date: 2020-11-03
       words: 1759
      flesch: 49
     summary: It answers most questions related to literature research and many related to research in the humanities more generally, including some that the beginning researcher may not even be aware This means that their discussions engage with materials already in their hands, minds, and experience from years of research and reading and are therefore extraordinarily useful.
    keywords: book; research
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        item: #4673 of 5668
          id: crl-24713
      author: Wiggins, Benjamin; Hennesy, Cody; Vetruba, Brian; Logsdon, Alexis; Janisch, Emily
       title: Digital Scholarship Programs in Practice
        date: 2022-07-01
       words: 12426
      flesch: 38
     summary: 568 Digital Scholarship Programs in Practice Benjamin Wiggins, Cody Hennesy, Brian Vetruba, Alexis Logsdon, and Emily Janisch* Digital scholarship programs, a university unit of relatively recent origin, provide support and community for scholars integrating digital technologies into their research, teaching, and engagement work. To clarify the nature of digital scholarship programs, we surveyed what they do in practice.
    keywords: digital; digital scholarship; institutions; percent; programs; research; respondents; scholarship; scholarship programs; support; survey
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        item: #4674 of 5668
          id: crl-24739
      author: Bucy, Rosalind
       title: Native American Student Experiences of the Academic Library
        date: 2022-05-02
       words: 9292
      flesch: 45
     summary: Such programs stand to impact Native American students on campus while increasing the need for library services for Native students. For example, the expectation that students go to college to find themselves and gain independence from their families is a distinctly White 418 College & Research Libraries May 2022 middle-class value that contradicts many Native students’ need for cultural connection and desire to give back to their communities.16 To support Native students, several scholars have argued that institutions of higher education need to adopt culturally responsive education practices that further the goals of Native American sovereignty, self-determination, and nation building.17 Building on Critical Race Theory, Brayboy proposed a Tribal Critical Race Theory (TribalCrit), which outlines cen- tral tenets of a framework to address Native Americans’ complex relationship to the United States government and society.18 Based on the primary tenet that “colonization is endemic to society,” TribalCrit articulates eight additional tenets addressing issues such as imperialism, White supremacy, sovereignty, assimilation, liminality, cultural knowledge, and tradition.19 As such, TribalCrit can provide a useful lens for understanding and addressing issues facing Native American students in higher education.
    keywords: american; campus; experiences; library; native; native american; native students; students; study; use
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        item: #4675 of 5668
          id: crl-24740
      author: Burress, Theresa
       title: Data Literacy Practices of Students Conducting Undergraduate Research
        date: 2022-05-02
       words: 7877
      flesch: 33
     summary: However, student reports of engagement with data practices, together with proxy evidence regarding three data practices (that is, ob- taining data, analyzing data, creating visualizations), supports the assertion that data literacy is an integral component of undergraduate research. In addition, institutionwide assessments of data practices are challenging because of varied disciplinary approaches to data.
    keywords: data; data literacy; literacy; practices; research; students; undergraduate
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        item: #4676 of 5668
          id: crl-24741
      author: Bresnahan, Megan
       title: How Policies Portray Students: A Discourse Analysis of Codes of Conduct in Academic Libraries
        date: 2022-07-01
       words: 9093
      flesch: 37
     summary: If no documentation was found, the website’s organizational pages, often titled “About Us,” were reviewed to identify relevant library policies. 549 How Policies Portray Students: A Discourse Analysis of Codes of Conduct in Academic Libraries Megan Bresnahan* In academic libraries, “codes of conduct” are policies that define what people who use those libraries are allowed to do in library spaces and serve as rules for enforcement.
    keywords: academic; codes; conduct; discourse; libraries; library; policies; policy; students; use
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        item: #4677 of 5668
          id: crl-24743
      author: Scoulas, Jung Mi; De Groote, Sandra L.
       title: Impact of Undergraduate Students’ Library Use on Their Learning beyond GPA: Mixed-Methods Approach
        date: 2022-05-02
       words: 9403
      flesch: 51
     summary: One of the key findings from the 2018 survey was the negative correlation between student library visits and their GPA, although students’ use of library resources (such as journal articles and databases) was positively associated with their GPA.1 This finding is contrary to the earlier studies indicat- ing that students’ library visits were positively associated with students’ academic success.2 However, given that correlation does not guarantee causation, it is not easy to clearly explain this negative relationship. In more recent years, the literature pertaining to academic libraries’ contribu- tions to academic success (GPA) are steadily increasing such as Ula Gaha, Suzanne Hinnefeld, and Catherine Pellegrino’s study examining the correlations between library instruction and GPA;6 Tiffany LeMaistre, Qingmin Shi, and Sandip Thanki’s investigation of the relationship between library online resource use and GPA;7 and Francesca Marineo and Qingmin Shi’s examination of the relationships between library use sessions and GPA.8 Given that GPA has been widely used in various fields as a quantifiable indicator of student academic success and learning (for instance, in Psychology, Educational Psychol- ogy, and Library and Information Sciences), it is very important to have empirical evidence demonstrating that academic libraries have a positive impact on students’ academic success using GPA.
    keywords: academic; gpa; library; library use; students; use
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        item: #4678 of 5668
          id: crl-24749
      author: Riegelman, Amy
       title: Considering Registered Reports at C&RL
        date: 2021-01-04
       words: 2571
      flesch: 35
     summary: Registered reports enable research methods to be peer-reviewed before data collection. Additionally, C&RL has recently made a commitment to authorship transparency in adopting portions of the CRediT taxonomy with a scheduled rollout for 2021.12 Adding a registered reports submission track would help ensure that C&RL maintains these high standards but with a heightened awareness toward research methods.
    keywords: open; registered; reports; research
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        item: #4679 of 5668
          id: crl-24751
      author: McLean, Jaclyn; Dawson, Diane; Sorensen, Charlene
       title: Communicating Collections Cancellations to Campus: A Qualitative Study
        date: 2021-01-04
       words: 11934
      flesch: 48
     summary: Can you please talk broadly about how library communications to campus happens in your library? The criteria for document inclusion and exclusion are listed in table 2. TABLE 1 Institutions and Number of Publicly Available Documents Analyzed in Phase 1 Institution Number of Documents Dalhousie University 3 Memorial University of Newfoundland 12 Queens University 1 Ryerson University 1 Simon Fraser University 1 University of British Columbia 4 University of Calgary 5 Université de Montréal 27 University of New Brunswick 3 University of Ottawa 11 University of Regina 5 University of Windsor 1 Total 74 TABLE 2 Document Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria for Phase 1 Criteria for Inclusion Criteria for Exclusion • Any communications that mention cancellations of library collections • Publicly available on current (as of August 30, 2017) library or university website •
    keywords: big; campus; cancellations; collections; communications; faculty; libraries; library; phase; scholarly; university
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        item: #4680 of 5668
          id: crl-24752
      author: Graham, Blake; Baldivia, Stefani; Cuthbertson, William; Leon, Kendall; Monson, Jane; Trask, Jay
       title: Collecting First-Generation Voices in Academic Libraries and Archives
        date: 2021-01-04
       words: 7946
      flesch: 27
     summary: ”20 In addressing challenges facing university archives to document modern society, Helen Willa Samuels notes that archivists must consciously coordinate new collecting areas and encourage communities, particularly student groups, to create resources on topics that help fill gaps in the documentary record.21 Samuels identifies several ways to accomplish this task, including engaging with students to create new collections that better represent student life such as diaries, oral histories, and photographic materials. As the largest group of any university community, students have experiences and perspectives that are significant to the institution’s history, yet the documentation of student groups is sparse.
    keywords: archives; campus; faculty; generation; generation students; libraries; oral; percent; students; university
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        item: #4681 of 5668
          id: crl-24753
      author: Chang, Yu-Wei
       title: Academic Impact of Articles by Practitioners in the Field of Library and Information Science
        date: 2021-01-04
       words: 8262
      flesch: 33
     summary: Bartneck and Hu, “The Fruits of Collaboration in a Multidisciplinary Field,” 41–52; Omwoyo Bosire Onyancha, “Mapping Collaboration and Impact of Library and Information Science Research in Sub-Saharan Africa, from 1995 to 2016,” Library Management 69, no. 6/7 (2018): 349–63. 18. Yu-Wei Chang, “Comparative Study of Characteristics of Authors between Open Access and Non-Open Access Journals in Library and Information Science,” Library & Information Science Research 39, no. 1 (2017): 8–15. 22.
    keywords: academic; articles; impact; information; librarians; library; practitioners; research; science
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        item: #4682 of 5668
          id: crl-24754
      author: Barker, Amy E.G.; Hoffman, Ashley T.
       title: Student-Centered Design: Creating LibGuides Students Can Actually Use
        date: 2021-01-04
       words: 8452
      flesch: 50
     summary: Therefore, efforts to evaluate the ways students use research guides are necessary to ensure the best outcomes for student learning. Unlike librarians, students do not have a mental model of research that includes subject research guides;2 and, even when students do think of research guides, they often have dramatically different ideas of how those guides should be organized.3 Students expect subject guides to contain subject-specific material, not general content such as links to the catalog or general- ized citation information.4
    keywords: content; design; guide; research; students; team; testing; usability
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        item: #4683 of 5668
          id: crl-24757
      author: Brown, Robin E.
       title: Jessica Schomberg and Wendy Highby. Beyond Accommodation: Creating an Inclusive Workplace for Disabled Workers. Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press, 2020. 220p. Paper.
        date: 2021-01-04
       words: 1058
      flesch: 55
     summary: The book also offers tools for fighting for accom- modations, including self-advocacy, employer and community support for disabled workers, training of disabled people (to understand their rights), training of coworkers (to create a sup- portive community), and organizational flexibility. They offer a break- down of the different types of power that can be built in the workplace and clearly hope to empower disabled library workers to improve their circumstances.
    keywords: disabled; library
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        item: #4684 of 5668
          id: crl-24758
      author: Delgado, Jeffrey
       title: Xan Arch and Isaac Gilman. Academic Library Services for First Generation Students. New York, NY: Libraries Unlimited, 2020. 149p. Paper.
        date: 2021-01-04
       words: 1711
      flesch: 49
     summary: First- generation students are less likely to use resources such as academic advisement and tutoring for this very reason. Xan Arch and Isaac Gilman create a necessary, at times difficult to discuss, piece of writing that should be used by academic libraries across the nation.
    keywords: academic; generation; students
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        item: #4685 of 5668
          id: crl-24759
      author: Leebaw, Danya
       title: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Action: Planning, Leadership, and Programming. Christine Bombaro, ed. Chicago, IL: ALA Editions, 2020. 208p. Paper.
        date: 2021-01-04
       words: 1121
      flesch: 47
     summary: Academic library workers from all types of positions will find key takeaways that apply to them.—Danya Leebaw, University of Minnesota Richard E. Rubin and Rachel G. Rubin. This book covers topics that include organizational goals and plans around DEI, developing cultural competencies for library staff, barriers to workforce diversity, and the development of models for how libraries can better serve the diverse communities with whom we work.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #4686 of 5668
          id: crl-24760
      author: Rabina, Debbie
       title: Richard E. Rubin and Rachel G. Rubin. Foundations of Library and Information Science. 5th ed. Chicago, IL: ALA Neal-Schuman, 2020. 656p. Paper.
        date: 2021-01-04
       words: 1734
      flesch: 50
     summary: The Preface notes that the fifth edition (2020) places emphasis throughout on social justice, services to underserved communities, privacy and intellectual freedom, the shift in focus from library collections to library services, and disinformation and fake news. Variety of institu- tion type and size is also present, including institutions in the United States and Canada from community colleges to large research libraries.
    keywords: book; information; library
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        item: #4687 of 5668
          id: crl-24761
      author: Williams, Ginger H.
       title: Supporting Today’s Students in the Library: Strategies for Retaining and Graduating International, Transfer, First-Generation, and Re-Entry Students. Ngoc-Yen Tran and Silke Higgins, eds. Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2020. 275p. Paper.
        date: 2021-01-04
       words: 796
      flesch: 50
     summary: In most cases, authors present a case study of a theory-based intervention from their institution(s) in the context of student success research applicable to that population. This collection brings together research from the library and student affairs fields to present a thorough look at methods for increasing student success among populations with distinct needs and char- acteristics: international, transfer, first-generation, and re-entry students, with international and first-generation populations re- ceiving the most attention.
    keywords: research; student
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        item: #4688 of 5668
          id: crl-24796
      author: Plassche, Kimberly A.
       title: Evaluating Map and Geospatial Academic Library Position Descriptions
        date: 2022-07-01
       words: 7459
      flesch: 34
     summary: This study examines descriptions for map and geospatial academic library positions from 2015 to 2020 with a goal of observing trends in requirements and specific du- ties for these roles. As noted by March and Scarletto in their own history of the profession, GIS librarians now may work in data curation and dissemination, technology troubleshooting and instruction, digital cartography, and data discovery.26 Holstein’s 2015 sur- vey of 115 academic libraries attempted to highlight how academic research libraries support campus use of geographic information technology and data.
    keywords: data; geospatial; gis; job; librarian; library; map; postings
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        item: #4689 of 5668
          id: crl-24828
      author: Kaspar, Wendi A.
       title: Good Will Hunting, Intellectual Humility, and Conversations in Quarantine
        date: 2021-03-03
       words: 2021
      flesch: 57
     summary: It had been a few years since I had last seen this film, but this time I was watching it from several new perspectives: • As a mother watching her daughters’ reactions and having conversations with them about it • As the mother of a college-bound youth considering how she can navigate a path that will allow her to find a career/job where she can both contribute and be satisfied • As a consumer of higher education (considering ROI) • As a member of the higher education community and witness to the accelerated trans- formations it has undergone and continues to experience. Discussing this film with my daughters resurfaced some of my own long-held assumptions about higher education and learning and intelligence.
    keywords: humility; intellectual
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        item: #4690 of 5668
          id: crl-24829
      author: Longmeier, Meris Mandernach; Murphy, Sarah Anne
       title: Framing Outcomes and Programming Assessment for Digital Scholarship Services: A Logic Model Approach
        date: 2021-03-03
       words: 6382
      flesch: 27
     summary: Developing the logic model allowed the Libraries to critically examine how it defines research services in terms of training, consultations, forums, events, and providing a space for research itself. Current research commons services concentrate on the digital humanities, data services, data visualization, geospatial analysis, and examining research impact.
    keywords: assessment; digital; logic; model; program; research; scholarship; services
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        item: #4691 of 5668
          id: crl-24830
      author: Fernández-Molina, Juan-Carlos; Eschenfelder, Kristin R.; Rubel, Alan
       title: Comparing Use Terms in Spanish and US Research University E-journal Licenses: Recent Trends
        date: 2021-03-03
       words: 12374
      flesch: 47
     summary: This analysis compares license terms over time, across publisher types and between the two libraries, and it compares findings with recommendations from model licenses. Also important, however, are the disadvantages—license terms may weaken or nullify end user and library exceptions to copyright law.
    keywords: commercial; data; libraries; licenses; press; publisher; spanish; terms; university; use
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        item: #4692 of 5668
          id: crl-24832
      author: Eva, Nicole C.; Rocca, Marissa S.; MacKay, D. Bruce
       title: Aha Moments and Continued Confusion: An Analysis of Threshold Concepts through Student Reflections in the ACRL Framework
        date: 2021-03-03
       words: 8438
      flesch: 51
     summary: Conclusion Student reflections proved to be a useful assessment exercise for information literacy labs, both for student learning and for continued improvement in the evolution of the labs. These all indicate the presence of student learning in the most critical concepts of information literacy, in a meaningful way.
    keywords: concepts; information; labs; learning; library; literacy; research; students
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        item: #4693 of 5668
          id: crl-24833
      author: Mongeon, Philippe; Siler, Kyle; Archambault, Antoine; Sugimoto, Cassidy R.; Larivière, Vincent
       title: Collection Development in the Era of Big Deals
        date: 2021-03-03
       words: 7995
      flesch: 41
     summary: It then analyzes the level of concentration of journal usage across institutions and publishers based on the three distinct indicators and measures the overlap of core journals between universities. This is in part due to the larger number of journals in those disciplines, but it is also influenced by the greater diversity of paradigms and methodologies in those disciplines.49 It also shows that, surprisingly, smaller universities have a higher proportion of core journals, which suggests a more even usage of resources than larger universities, in which a larger body of researchers might work on similar topics, thus concentrating journal usage.
    keywords: big; core; journals; libraries; number; percent; research; universities; university; usage
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        item: #4694 of 5668
          id: crl-24834
      author: Barr-Walker, Jill; Hoffner, Courtney; McMunn-Tetangco, Elizabeth; Mody, Nisha
       title: Sexual Harassment at University of California Libraries: Understanding the Experiences of Library Staff Members
        date: 2021-03-03
       words: 7236
      flesch: 32
     summary: In a 2018 pilot study that surveyed library employees at the University of California, San Fran- cisco (UCSF) campus about sexual harassment experiences, 48 percent of respondents indicated that they had experienced sexual harassment at work.1 These findings provided the impetus for the current study and correspond to results of a 2018 report by the National Academies of Jill Barr-Walker is Clinical Librarian at San Francisco General Hospital at the University of California, San Fran- cisco, email: jill.barr-walker@ucsf.edu; Courtney Hoffner is Librarian at the University of California Los Angeles, email: choffner@library.ucla.edu; Elizabeth McMunn-Tetangco is Instruction & Research Librarian at the Univer- sity of California Merced Library, email: emcmunn@ucmerced.edu; and Nisha Mody is Associate Director at the Network of the National Library of Medicine, Pacific Southwest Region, based at UCLA, email: nmody@library. ucla.edu. As we explored these questions, our objectives were to: • Measure sexual harassment experiences qualitatively and quantitatively, including types of behaviors experienced and user categories of those who exhibit behaviors • Measure opinions of library staff regarding institutional support around sexual harassment • Produce policy and training recommendations for UC Libraries based on our findings We hoped that by sharing the results of our study, we could begin systemwide conversa- tions about how to address sexual harassment of UC Libraries staff members.
    keywords: campus; harassment; libraries; library; sexual; sexual harassment
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        item: #4695 of 5668
          id: crl-24835
      author: Vaaler, Alyson; Reiter, Lauren; Faulkner, Ash E.
       title: They Seek, but Do They Find? Investigating the Financial Information-Seeking Behavior of College Students
        date: 2021-03-03
       words: 9990
      flesch: 40
     summary: There were many responses TABLE 2 Types of Financial Information Type of Financial Information n Percentage Cost of purchase 687 74% Salary for future job 685 73% Financial aid/student loans 681 73% Credit cards 566 61% Choosing a bank 484 52% Budgets 484 52% Taxes 406 44% Credit scores 398 43% Investments 256 27% Auto loans/auto leasing 136 15% Home mortgages 48 5% 274 College & Research Libraries March 2021 that correlated closely with the types of financial information students had looked for—in- formation on auto loans, budgeting, credit cards, financial aid and student loans, and salaries for future jobs—but the free-text responses also allowed for more nuanced themes to emerge. These indicate that there are at least some students interested in a wide range of financial topics, which may increase their need for financial information literacy to find more niche resources.
    keywords: college; financial; financial information; financial literacy; information; literacy; seeking; students; survey
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        item: #4696 of 5668
          id: crl-24837
      author: Alston, Meaghan
       title: Jelani M. Favors. Shelter in a Time of Storm: How Black Colleges Fostered Generations of Leadership and Activism. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. 368p. Hardcover, $29.95 (ISBN 978-1-4696-4833-0).
        date: 2021-03-03
       words: 1728
      flesch: 45
     summary: While the sit-ins staged by the Greensboro Four or organizations like Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) might be the most well-known example of HBCU student activism, the truth is that the tradition of protest goes back much further. Shelter in a Time of Storm by Jelani M. Favors explores the story of historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) and how they fostered student activism.
    keywords: favors; research; second
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        item: #4697 of 5668
          id: crl-24840
      author: Taylor, Jaime
       title: Can’t Pay Won’t Pay: The Case for Economic Disobedience and Debt Abolition. Debt Collective. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books, 2020. Paper, $15 (ISBN: 978-1-64259-262-7).
        date: 2021-03-03
       words: 1234
      flesch: 63
     summary: And while this book does not only address student debt, student debt remains an important part of both the Debt Collective’s work and the widespread financial instability endemic in the US. As of writing, this review’s author has $663.31 of student loan debt and $265,084.36 of mortgage debt.—Jaime Taylor, University of Massachusetts Amherst
    keywords: book; debt
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        item: #4698 of 5668
          id: crl-24841
      author: Wade, Carrie
       title: Gillian “Gus” Andrews. Keep Calm and Log On: Your Handbook for Surviving the Digital Revolution. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2020. 368p. Paperback, $24.95 (ISBN 978-0262538763).
        date: 2021-03-03
       words: 840
      flesch: 58
     summary: If anything, Keep Calm and Log On is a better starting point than most for introducing the complex nature of how information functions on the internet and the ways communities manage intersections of information and capitalism and profit. However, Andrews fails to adequately address how the Framework operates in our field, depicting them as “guidelines” rather than the much cussed and discussed threshold concepts developed by volunteer librarian labor to teach about information.
    keywords: andrews
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        item: #4699 of 5668
          id: crl-24844
      author: Bhat, Nimisha
       title: Reflections on Practitioner Research: A Practical Guide for Information Professionals. Lee Ann Fullington, Brandon K. West, and Frans Albarillo, eds. Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2020. 290p. Paper, $78 (ISBN 978-0-8389-4847-7).
        date: 2021-03-03
       words: 1119
      flesch: 46
     summary: Knowledge of best practices for conducting library research is often a privilege of those who have been able to take research courses, attend training, or have the temporal and fiscal support of their institution. The authors of this book are willing to be vulnerable, using their setbacks as teachable moments, and everyone interested in conducting library research will have something to learn.
    keywords: practitioner; research
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        item: #4700 of 5668
          id: crl-24912
      author: Pagowsky, Nicole
       title: The Contested One-Shot: Deconstructing Power Structures to Imagine New Futures
        date: 2021-05-01
       words: 5708
      flesch: 47
     summary: I also previously wrote some aspirational wording (that has not been formalized) on reducing one- shots: https://libguides.library.arizona.edu/c.php?g=463822&p=3170646. The idea that we could expect to have an impact and demonstrate that it was as a direct result of library instruction is incredibly difficult to prove.
    keywords: instruction; learning; libraries; library; shot; structures; work
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        item: #4701 of 5668
          id: crl-24913
      author: O’Neill, Brittany; Kelley, Rebecca
       title: Delivering Bad News: Crisis Communication Methods in Academic Libraries
        date: 2021-05-01
       words: 9606
      flesch: 40
     summary: As such, Borgerding’s suggestion to have a clear plan that specifies who is Delivering Bad News 319 responsible for crisis communication is necessary until those best practices are established, especially given her finding that few libraries had such plans.62 Respondents more frequently chose library liaisons and administrators to communicate journal or database cancellations. Additionally, best practices have yet to be established for the specific communication channels to use when faced with varying crises, and there are few best practices for crisis communication specific to academic libraries.
    keywords: communication; crisis; libraries; library; news; stakeholders
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        item: #4702 of 5668
          id: crl-24915
      author: Kannegiser, Samantha
       title: Effects of an Augmented Reality Library Orientation on Anxiety and Self-Efficacy: An Exploratory Study
        date: 2021-05-01
       words: 6912
      flesch: 42
     summary: New approaches to library orientation are common as new ideas and technologies emerge. As user-friendly options for implementing AR grew, libraries adopted the technology for library initiatives, such as library orientations.
    keywords: anxiety; augmented; library; orientation; reality; students; ¦ ¦
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        item: #4703 of 5668
          id: crl-24916
      author: Charles, Leslin H.; DeFabiis, William
       title: Closing the Transactional Distance in an Online Graduate Course through the Practice of Embedded Librarianship
        date: 2021-05-01
       words: 8150
      flesch: 41
     summary: Using Michael G. Moore’s three relational distances existing in the online environment—“teacher-student,” “student-student,” “student-course content”—the authors added two areas—”instructor-librarian” and “student-librarian”—that can close the transactional distance in online courses. This is reflected in the literature that covers undergraduate25 and graduate students.26 Notably, the literature high- lights the need to look at the role of the librarian in online courses, how students interact with librarians, and assessment of this practice in various contexts.27 Alverson et al. focus on the need for authentic assessment of student work to determine the impact of embedded librarian- ship on student learning.28 Further, the need to look at this practice “particularly examining the student interactions with content (instructional materials), librarian, and fellow students for their information literacy needs” was raised by Heathcock.29 374 College & Research Libraries May 2021 To reduce TD, the literature encourages the instructor to consider four types of interac- tion: “student-student,” “student-content,” “student-instructor,” “student-interface (course structure).”
    keywords: assignment; course; distance; instructor; librarian; online; student
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        item: #4704 of 5668
          id: crl-24918
      author: Garoufallou, Emmanouel; Gaitanou, Panorea
       title: Big Data: Opportunities and Challenges in Libraries, a Systematic Literature Review
        date: 2021-05-01
       words: 12191
      flesch: 41
     summary: Cervone provided a practical example of how Big Data and analytics can help li- braries and information organizations to evaluate the effectiveness of social media efforts to improve the perception of products and services in information organizations.44 Qin proposed five stages in the process of getting Big Data information: preparation, preprocessing, data mining, output, and evaluation, among which data mining is the core of Big Data thinking. In addition, the status of Big Data research in library in China was explored.37 The authors supported that library Big Data could also more effectively serve researchers or ordinary users better.
    keywords: 2014; 2016; academic; article big; big data; et al; information; journal; libraries; library; library data; research; research data; services
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        item: #4705 of 5668
          id: crl-24919
      author: Li, Yanli
       title: Racial Pay Gap: An Analysis of CARL Libraries
        date: 2021-05-01
       words: 9201
      flesch: 37
     summary: The first National Survey of Visible Minority Librar- ians reported that at least 120 librarians identified as visible minorities in 2014.7 There was an upward trend in hiring visible minority librarians over a decade.8 Literature Review Representation of Visible Minorities in Canadian Libraries Members of marginalized groups include visible minorities in Canada.
    keywords: librarians; library; minorities; minority; racial; salary; visible
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        item: #4706 of 5668
          id: crl-24921
      author: Chomintra, Melissa
       title: Caroline Criado Perez. Invisible Women: Data Bias in a World Designed for Men. New York, NY: Abrams Press, 2019. 411p. Paper, $27.00 (ISBN 978-1-4197-2907-2). LC 2018-59561.
        date: 2021-05-01
       words: 1806
      flesch: 53
     summary: Like many academic librarians, I spend a lot of time in the classroom providing students with information literacy and data literacy skills, battling fake news and misinformation during a time when the truth is challenged by political agendas and ideologies, and, as Barack Obama told us at the 2005 ALA Annual Conference, information is used not to illuminate but to obfuscate. Gannon then moves into explicitly discussing the importance of more inclusive practice, identifying barriers or challenges practitioners might face, and closes with short reflective prompts for readers.
    keywords: data; gap; women
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        item: #4707 of 5668
          id: crl-24922
      author: Freundlich, Shanti
       title: Kevin M. Gannon. Radical Hope: A Teaching Manifesto. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2020. 166p. Paper, $19.99 (ISBN 978-1-9491-9951-2).
        date: 2021-05-01
       words: 1126
      flesch: 50
     summary: The book is written in a way that offers practical resources and strategies for a multitude of instruction programs. Leadership models and characteristics for coordina- tors of instruction programs are also featured.
    keywords: instruction; teaching
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        item: #4708 of 5668
          id: crl-24924
      author: Neds-Fox, Joshua
       title: Reassembling Scholarly Communications: Histories, Infrastructures, and Global Politics of Open Access. Martin Paul Eve and Jonathan Gray, eds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2020. 472p. Paper, $30.00 (ISBN 978-0-2625-3624-0).
        date: 2021-05-01
       words: 1145
      flesch: 34
     summary: As an academic librarian firmly ensconced in the niche of library publishing (with its preference for open access), I (and perhaps you) have read a number of edited volumes centering on the intersection of libraries and scholarly communications that examine OA from practical and theoretical angles. The title also signals the editors’ contention that scholarly communication in the current moment correlates with open access.
    keywords: access; scholarly
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        item: #4709 of 5668
          id: crl-24925
      author: Supple, Shannon K.
       title: Katie Hindmarch-Watson. Serving a Wired World: London’s Telecommunications Workers and the Making of an Information Capital. Oakland: University of California Press, 2020. 288p. Hardcover, $29.95 (ISBN 978-0-5203-4473-0).
        date: 2021-05-01
       words: 1061
      flesch: 41
     summary: Administrators used policies and practices that amounted to what Hindmarch-Watson calls a “weaponizing of respectability” as telegraph workers sought to prove the intellectual and economic value of their labor. Hindmarch-Watson shares evidence of telecommunications workers both fomenting and undermining these defiant acts.
    keywords: hindmarch; workers
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        item: #4710 of 5668
          id: crl-24926
      author: Thorn, Max
       title: Meggan Press. Get the Job: Academic Library Hiring for the New Librarian. Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2020. 158p. Paper, $44.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-4840-8).
        date: 2021-05-01
       words: 1859
      flesch: 55
     summary: But in addition to their own enthusiasm, determination, and Press’s good advice, freshly minted MLS-holders looking for academic library jobs in an economy rocked by the coronavirus pandemic will also need a good dose of luck. Current library science students are advised to prepare for the job market through extensive research, both passive and active—for example, reading job ads regularly, both as a guide to choosing coursework and as a way to ground school-ish classroom experiences (14).
    keywords: book; job; press
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        item: #4711 of 5668
          id: crl-24927
      author: Wickner, Amy
       title: Dean Spade. Mutual Aid: Building Solidarity during This Crisis (and the Next). London: Verso, 2020. 128p. Paper, $14.95 (ISBN 978-1-8397-6212-3).
        date: 2021-05-01
       words: 2134
      flesch: 42
     summary: Rob Nixon, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013). 15. Pa- tricia Ticineto Clough with Jean Halley (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007), 170–86; Young Women’s Empowerment Project, Girls Do What They Have to Do to Survive: Illuminating Methods Used by Girls in the Sex Trade and Street Economy to Fight Back and Heal (2009), https://ywepchicago.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/girls-do- what-they-have-to-do-to-survive-a-study-of-resilience-and-resistance.pdf [accessed 12 January 2021]. 11.
    keywords: aid; book; mutual; press
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        item: #4712 of 5668
          id: crl-24961
      author: Metzger, Rebecca; Jackson, John M.
       title: Developing Competencies for Outreach Work in Academic Libraries
        date: 2022-07-01
       words: 9960
      flesch: 34
     summary: 646 Developing Competencies for Outreach Work in Academic Libraries Rebecca Metzger and John M. Jackson* This research study investigates the behaviors, knowledge, and skills necessary for academic library outreach work. To say the least, the nature of academic library outreach work varies widely.
    keywords: academic; authors; competencies; job; libraries; library; outreach; work
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        item: #4713 of 5668
          id: crl-24982
      author: Kaspar, Wendi A.
       title: Adapt and Thrive
        date: 2021-06-04
       words: 1152
      flesch: 41
     summary: Now this is just an illustration—and I expect that many librarians’ resumes look like this. Librarians have weathered the pandemic in much the same ways they have weathered the growth of the Internet (and the doomsayers that it would replace libraries), sea- sons of austerity and accountability in higher education and other forces, external and internal.
    keywords: librarians; work
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        item: #4714 of 5668
          id: crl-24983
      author: Li, Xiang; Li, Tang
       title: The Evolving Responsibilities, Roles, and Competencies of East Asian Studies Librarians: A Content Analysis of Job Postings from 2008 to 2019
        date: 2021-06-04
       words: 7186
      flesch: 28
     summary: Evidently, ideal candidates for academic East Asian studies librarian positions would have excellent expertise in East Asian studies and solid training and experience in librarianship. Xiang Li and Tang Li* A content analysis of 62 job postings for East Asian studies librarians in the United States and Canada during 2008–2019 demonstrates that major job responsibilities have expanded to include collection development and management, reference and research assistance, instruction, liaison work, and outreach; relationship building and collaboration are emerging roles; skills and abilities have been progressively occupying a larger proportion than knowledge and experience in the required qualifications; top frequently required abilities and skills are generic and behavioral; and professional experiences are often preferred rather than required.
    keywords: academic; asian; asian studies; east; east asian; job; librarians; studies
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        item: #4715 of 5668
          id: crl-24984
      author: Owens, Erin Elizabeth
       title: Impostor Phenomenon and Skills Confidence among Scholarly Communications Librarians in the United States
        date: 2021-06-04
       words: 9637
      flesch: 32
     summary: That would indicate that the frequency of IP among scholarly communications librarians is closer to one in two—much higher than among college librarians more broadly, and higher even than what Barr-Walker, Bass, Werner, and Kellermeyer reported among health sciences librarians. On the other hand, years of experience in libraries did have a significant effect on the IP scores of scholarly communications librarians.
    keywords: cips; communications; confidence; experience; impostor; librarians; percent; phenomenon; scholarly; scholarly communications
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        item: #4716 of 5668
          id: crl-24985
      author: Oberlies, Mary K.; Kirker, Maoria J.; Mattson, Janna; Byrd, Jason
       title: Epistemology of Teaching Librarians: Examining the Translation of Beliefs to Practice
        date: 2021-06-04
       words: 8169
      flesch: 50
     summary: Almost all interviewees recognized that teaching librarians go to their colleagues for advice (seeking their expertise), and that students also go to each other for similar information, but at what point does one see a person as a peer and another as an expert? They note that both faculty and librarians come with inaccurate assumptions: faculty incorrectly assume student skill level and librarians incorrectly assume what IL instruction should entail.18 The faculty librarian collaboration model is the gold standard for most teaching librarians, yet it is one many have difficulty executing.
    keywords: focused; information; instruction; learning; librarians; students; teacher; teaching
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        item: #4717 of 5668
          id: crl-24986
      author: Valenti, Sandra J.; Lund, Brady D.
       title: Preparing the Instructional Librarian: Representation of ACRL Roles and Strengths in MLS Course Descriptions
        date: 2021-06-04
       words: 7496
      flesch: 34
     summary: By using these roles to inform the codebook for a content analysis of LIS instructional course descriptions, an indica- tion of alignment (or misalignment) between the content in MLIS instructional librarianship courses and the actual roles/duties of practicing instructional librarians may be found. These too are roles where instruc- tional librarians are forced to “do-it-themselves,” as LIS instructional courses (if offered at all) continue to focus on outdated interpretations of the instructional librarian roles.
    keywords: course; information; instructional; librarians; library; roles; strengths; university
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        item: #4718 of 5668
          id: crl-24988
      author: Thomas, Paul
       title: Reverting Hegemonic Ideology: Research Librarians and Information Professionals as “Critical Editors” of Wikipedia
        date: 2021-06-04
       words: 9777
      flesch: 27
     summary: This page mandates: “Wikipedia articles should be based on reliable, published sources, making sure that all majority and significant minority views that have appeared in those sources are covered …If no reliable sources can be found on a topic, Wikipedia should not have an article on it” Many of these studies focus on the disproportionately small percentage of Wikipedia editors who identify as women.20 An oft-repeated claim in these studies is that around 10 to 20 percent of Wikipedia’s editors identify as female—a claim the raw data seem to confirm.
    keywords: articles; critical; editing; editors; hegemonic; ideology; information; library; power; research; site; sources; wikipedia
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        item: #4719 of 5668
          id: crl-24989
      author: Palumbo, Laura; Bussmann, Jeffra D.; Kern, Barbara
       title: The Value of Subject Specialization and the Future of Science Liaison Librarianship
        date: 2021-06-04
       words: 10717
      flesch: 35
     summary: ”24 These publications demonstrate that subject liaison librarian- ship in U.S. academic institutions has evolved in noteworthy ways, and whether or not this The Value of Subject Specialization and the Future of Science Liaison Librarianship 587 evolution will favor science liaison librarians’ continued existence or their extinction will be explored in part through this article. Correspondingly, science librarians may be observing that the perceived value of science ex- pertise has diminished.
    keywords: experience; liaison; librarians; librarianship; research; respondents; science; subject
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        item: #4720 of 5668
          id: crl-24990
      author: De Fazio, Diane Dias
       title: Megan Rosenbloom. Dark Archives: A Librarian’s Investigation into the Science and History of Books Bound in Human Skin. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2020. 288p. Cloth, $26.00 (ISBN: 978-0-374-13470-9).
        date: 2021-06-04
       words: 1097
      flesch: 53
     summary: Though Dark Archives’ 12 chapters investigate book history, Rosenbloom’s bias shows through in digressions about Death Salons, goofy medical school 609 610 College & Research Libraries June 2021 students and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, and an entire chapter that focuses largely on tissue, body, and organ donation, viewed through the lens of the author’s personal experience. Of note are Rosenbloom’s summaries on capital punishment, cadaver obtainment, and 19th-century anatomy laws—it’s fascinating, but light on book history.
    keywords: books; rosenbloom
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        item: #4721 of 5668
          id: crl-24991
      author: Dyck, Jason
       title: Richard Ovenden. Burning the Books: A History of the Deliberate Destruction of Knowledge. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2020. 308p. $29.95 (ISBN 978-0-674-24120-6).
        date: 2021-06-04
       words: 1183
      flesch: 56
     summary: The book is as easy to follow as it is informative, providing a balance between the practicality of various digital humanities methodologies, the development of those methodologies, and In chapters 1 and 2, he demonstrates that ancient peoples devised impressive ways of preserving knowledge.
    keywords: knowledge; ovenden
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        item: #4722 of 5668
          id: crl-24992
      author: Kettler, Hannah Scates
       title: Emma Annette Wilson. Digital Humanities for Librarians. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2020. 248p. Hardback, $115 (ISBN: 978-1-5381-1644-9).
        date: 2021-06-04
       words: 1690
      flesch: 52
     summary: Other DH methodologies crop up as examples of DH concepts, but they do not receive the same treatment as text-based methods. The book makes explicit the labor of project management, collabo- ration, and outreach and provides practical strategies for developing those skills as part of a team structure for DH projects.
    keywords: book; digital
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        item: #4723 of 5668
          id: crl-25012
      author: Benjes-Small, Candice; Knievel, Jennifer; Resor-Whicker, Jennifer; Wisecup, Allison; Hunter, Joanna
       title: #MeToo in the Academic Library: A Quantitative Measurement of the Prevalence of Sexual Harassment in Academic Libraries
        date: 2021-06-30
       words: 7906
      flesch: 36
     summary: Fewer studies directly measure and assess sexual harassment by clients or customers, despite evidence that client sexual harassment is also widespread.16 Workplaces are responsible for protecting women from client sexual harassment but may not have in place procedures or policies for doing so, even if they have documented procedures for protecting women from sexual harassment by their coworkers.22 Research shows behaviors that constitute sexual harassment are frequently seen as an expected “part of the job.”
    keywords: academic; harassment; libraries; library; respondents; sexual; sexual harassment; workplace
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        item: #4724 of 5668
          id: crl-25013
      author: Lambert, Frank; Thill, Mary; Rosenzweig, James W.
       title: Making Sense of Student Source Selection: Using the WHY Method to Analyze Authority in Student Research Bibliographies
        date: 2021-06-30
       words: 9459
      flesch: 32
     summary: To pursue this research interest, the team gathered student research papers and their respective bibliographies written for numerous sections of a freshman-level English composition course from a public master’s-level university in the Midwestern United States. Literature Review Given that the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education sets forth the idea that “Authority Is Constructed and Contextual” as one of its six core concepts, the research team remained interested in exploring student constructions of authority.12 Although most published studies that have examined student source selection have chosen to use surveys or question- naires for data collection, the team also chose to continue its focus on bibliographic analysis of authentic student work.
    keywords: academic; editorial; professional; references; research; source; student; study; team
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        item: #4725 of 5668
          id: crl-25014
      author: Pinto, Maria; Sales, Dora; Fernández-Pascual, Rosaura; Caballero-Mariscal, David
       title: Exploring Social Sciences Students’ Perceptions on Information Literacy and the Use of Mobile Technologies in Higher Education
        date: 2021-06-30
       words: 9433
      flesch: 33
     summary: Andrew Walsh, “Mobile Information Literacy: A Preliminary Outline of Information Behaviour in a Mobile Environment,” Journal of Information Literacy 6, no. 2 (2012): 56–69, https://doi.org/10.11645/6.2.1696. 18. This fact highlights the singularity of Information Science students regarding the rest of the degrees, where, as mentioned before in the sample presentation, IL is addressed explicitly in a single subject (Audiovisual Communication and Journalism degrees) or unfortunately in none (Busi- ness Management and Administration, Tourism, Economy, Education, and Pedagogy degrees).
    keywords: degrees; education; information; information literacy; learning; literacy; mobile; students; university; use
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        item: #4726 of 5668
          id: crl-25016
      author: Deja, Marek; Januszko-Szakiel, Aneta; Korycińska, Paloma; Deja, Paulina
       title: The Impact of Basic Data Literacy Skills on Work-Related Empowerment: The Alumni Perspective
        date: 2021-06-30
       words: 11139
      flesch: 38
     summary: As an initial step to fill this gap, we pose the following two research questions: The Impact of Basic Data Literacy Skills on Work-Related Empowerment 711 RQ 1: How can one identify the relationship between data-related skills of alumni and their psychological empowerment while entering the labor market? RQ 2: What is the relationship between data literacy skills and factors of psychologi- cal empowerment in the work-related empowerment of alumni on the labor market? Data Literacy (DL) This may also apply to students during their study programs as well as to a postgraduate workplace where data literacy skills might prove useful in career development.
    keywords: analysis; data; data literacy; empowerment; impact; information; literacy skills; psychological; related; research; skills; work
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        item: #4727 of 5668
          id: crl-25017
      author: LeMire, Sarah; Xu, Zhihong; Hahn, Douglas; Balester, Valerie; Dorsey, Leroy G.
       title: Assessing the Information Literacy Skills of First-Generation College Students
        date: 2021-06-30
       words: 10346
      flesch: 42
     summary: Are there differences in the overall information literacy test scores between first- generation students and continuing-generation students? Are there differences in information literacy performance indicators between first- generation students and continuing-generation students?
    keywords: continuing; generation students; information; literacy; module; performance
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        item: #4728 of 5668
          id: crl-25018
      author: Schultz, Teresa Auch; Azadbakht, Elena
       title: Open but Not for All: A Survey of Open Educational Resource Librarians on Accessibility
        date: 2021-06-30
       words: 5523
      flesch: 35
     summary: The survey defined the different levels of accessibility knowledge as: • Not at all confident: I’m not aware of accessibility tools and practices at all. • Somewhat confident: I’m aware of accessibility tools and practices but do not apply them.
    keywords: accessibility; accessible; librarians; oers; open; survey
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        item: #4729 of 5668
          id: crl-25021
      author: Buenrostro, Iyra S.
       title: Defining a Discipline: Archival Research and Practice in the Twenty-First Century, Essays in Honor of Richard J. Cox. Jeanette A. Bastian and Elizabeth Yakel, eds. Chicago, IL: Society of American Archivists, 2020. Paper, $103.20 (ISBN 978-1945246272).
        date: 2021-06-30
       words: 1756
      flesch: 44
     summary: In the final section, memory, the authors share how social memory can be created and performed in ways different from what have been conventionally observed. Janet Ceja Alcalá details how commissioned fiesta videos of a small Mexican town construct social memory and identity of the community members.
    keywords: archival; archives; book
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        item: #4730 of 5668
          id: crl-25022
      author: Clark, Jasmine
       title: Yarden Katz. Artificial Whiteness: Politics and Ideology in Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2020. 352p. Paperback, $28.00 (ISBN: 9780231194907).
        date: 2021-06-30
       words: 1184
      flesch: 47
     summary: Katz also addresses the overwhelming whiteness of AI experts, the attempts to address this with calls for increasing diverse representation among AI practitioners, and the ways that exist- ing ethical critiques of AI often end up replicating the very systems they claim to want to fix. This is explicitly illustrated when Katz describes the financial relationship between early AI practitioners (academics in higher education) and the Pentagon and how this cemented AI’s role as a tool for American military and industry.
    keywords: katz
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        item: #4731 of 5668
          id: crl-25023
      author: Duffy, Megan
       title: Student Wellness & Academic Libraries: Case Studies and Activities for Promoting Health and Success. Sara Holder and Amber Lannon, eds. Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2020. 292p. Paper, $86.00 (ISBN 978-0838948644).
        date: 2021-06-30
       words: 1732
      flesch: 45
     summary: The results, say Rockenbach, Biyani, and Mrkich, “have fundamentally altered how the Columbia Libraries approach student wellness support.” In addition to providing counseling services, colleges and universities have begun to explore other options for promoting student wellness; and, as Sara Holder and Amber Lannon note in this volume, the academic library has become the “logical home for wellness initiatives.”
    keywords: student; wellness
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        item: #4732 of 5668
          id: crl-25024
      author: Hale, Jordan
       title: Time in Maps: From the Age of Discovery to Our Digital Era. Kären Wigen and Caroline Winterer, eds. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2020. 272p. Hardcover, $45.00 (ISBN 978-0226718590).
        date: 2021-06-30
       words: 1756
      flesch: 48
     summary: The focus on design also elides the massive apparatus of labor and technology that underlies not just the production of maps, but the systems that allow historians to study them now, through map libraries and archives. By limiting the scope of the text to engagement with design strategies and their interpretation by map readers, this volume generally steers clear of po- litical questions related to the selective inclusion and labeling of geographic features, as well as the human costs of colonial occupations and wars enabled by maps (with the exception of American soldiers memorialized through battlefield tourism in the final chapter).
    keywords: book; maps; time
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        item: #4733 of 5668
          id: crl-25025
      author: Hodge, Twanna
       title: Rebecca Tolley. A Trauma-Informed Approach to Library Services. Chicago, IL: ALA Editions, 2020. 192p. Paperback, $59.00 (ISBN 978-0838919811).
        date: 2021-06-30
       words: 1116
      flesch: 50
     summary: Part I explains how physical trauma and adverse childhood experiences Book Reviews 781 make trauma-informed approaches to library services necessary, and more. The collection presents 19 chapters of diverse individual experiences from library workers—most of whom are academics, with a few from public libraries.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #4734 of 5668
          id: crl-25109
      author: Stapleton, Suzanne Cady; Dinsmore, Chelsea S.; Van Kleeck, David; Ma, Xiaoli
       title: Computer-assisted Indexing Complements Manual Selection of Subject Terms for Metadata in Specialized Collections
        date: 2021-09-02
       words: 8277
      flesch: 40
     summary: The manual rubric, weighting subject terms by provenance and incorporating subject knowledge expertise to favor terms of significance, resulted in a greater number of significant subject terms. In this case study we compared the results of computer-assisted indexing with manual selection of subject terms as part of an effort to enhance findability of journal informa- tion at the issue level.
    keywords: collections; digital; florida; indexing; libraries; library; metadata; research; subject; subject terms; terms
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        item: #4735 of 5668
          id: crl-25110
      author: Ashiq, Murtaza; Rehman, Shafiq Ur; Rafiq, Sadaf; Tariq, Muhammad
       title: Women Academic Library Leadership in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study on the Journey of Career Progression and Serving the Community
        date: 2021-09-02
       words: 10880
      flesch: 36
     summary: The implications of the study highlight the various areas of improvement for women library leadership. There is also a dearth of literature on the role of women library leadership, especially in the context of Pakistan.
    keywords: academic; female; leadership; librarians; library; library leaders; pakistan; professional; research; women; women library
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        item: #4736 of 5668
          id: crl-25111
      author: Ibegbulam, Ijeoma J.; Ejikeme, Anthonia N.
       title: Perception of Work-Life Balance among Married Female Librarians in University Libraries in South-East Nigeria
        date: 2021-09-02
       words: 7443
      flesch: 43
     summary: Tamara Townsend and Kimberley Bugg, “Putting Work Life Balance into Practice: Policy Implications for Academic Librarians,” Library Leadership & Management 32, no. 3 (2018): 1–30, https://api.semanticscholar.org/ CorpusID:169555476. 6. Townsend and Bugg, “Putting Work Life Balance into Practice,” 1–30. 7.
    keywords: academic; family; female; librarians; life balance; married; women; work
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        item: #4737 of 5668
          id: crl-25113
      author: Luo, Jiebei
       title: A Statistical Analysis of Patrons’ In-Library Information Consumption Behaviors of Print Materials
        date: 2021-09-02
       words: 7723
      flesch: 37
     summary: Regression Analyses by Disciplines Since book usage preferences can differ across different disciplines (for example, scholars in the humanities tend to consult materials in their original form in order to have direct in- teractions with the materials),22 we further extend our analysis to subsamples based on four different academic disciplines, including arts, humanities, sciences, and social sciences. Similarly, we also observe the significant impact of shelf time on book usage preference through the within-discipline regressions.
    keywords: book; collection; libraries; library; patrons; print; usage; use
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        item: #4738 of 5668
          id: crl-25115
      author: Longmeier, Meris Mandernach; Fagan, Jody Condit
       title: Library and Information Science Journal Editors’ Views on Query Letters
        date: 2021-09-02
       words: 10834
      flesch: 46
     summary: What other comments or perspectives do you have about author query letters? In library and information science (LIS), journal query letters are mentioned only occa- sionally.10 Michael Lorenzen’s 2009 article specifically mentioned query letters for librarians looking to get published.11 He noted that the query letter is one method for engaging a journal editor in dialogue about a research topic or proposed article.
    keywords: authors; editors; information; journal; letters; process; query; query letters
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        item: #4739 of 5668
          id: crl-25116
      author: Badia, Giovanna
       title: David Spiegelhalter. The Art of Statistics: Learning from Data. London, UK: Pelican, 2019. 426p. Paper, $16.99 (ISBN 978-1-5416-7570-4).
        date: 2021-09-02
       words: 490
      flesch: 42
     summary: The author concludes by summarizing the main issues dealt with in the book, including the fol- lowing points: statistical analyses should answer specific questions; variability exists in any data collected; researchers should understand why they are employing specific formulas and procedures to analyze the data; the communication of results should be as simple as possible; margins of error should be presented to readers; and statistical analysis should be reported clearly, and in enough detail, to make it reproducible. University of Cambridge professor David Spiegelhalter describes how real-life problems are solved with statistical analysis as a way of introducing concepts necessary for data literacy.
    keywords: statistical
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        item: #4740 of 5668
          id: crl-25118
      author: Dawes, Lorna M.
       title: Faculty-Librarian Collaborations: Integrating the Information Literacy Framework into Disciplinary Courses. Michael Stöpel et al., eds. Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2020. 238p. Paperback, $65.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-4852-1).
        date: 2021-09-02
       words: 1707
      flesch: 45
     summary: The book offers a thoughtful selection of these codesigned in- struction sessions that demonstrate the value and impact of librarian-faculty collaborations in information literacy instruction. Although these case studies expose some of the problems that librarians encounter as they try to collaborate with the faculty, the studies ingeniously provide a model of how the librarian and faculty can design and teach in a wholesome collaborative way that enriches student learning.
    keywords: faculty; information; literacy
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        item: #4741 of 5668
          id: crl-25119
      author: Ibacache, Kathia
       title: Claire McGuinness. The Academic Teaching Librarian’s Handbook. London, UK: Facet Publishing, 2021. 279p. Paper, $76.33 (ISBN 978-1-78330-462-2).
        date: 2021-09-02
       words: 1116
      flesch: 33
     summary: Moreover, academic teaching librarians will reflect on new informa- tion literacy frameworks as they interconnect with instruction, considering the role of the student as an active participant as a seeker, consumer, and producer of information. However, the field still struggles to define what makes a teaching librarian and whether academic teaching librarians see themselves as teachers.
    keywords: librarian; teaching
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        item: #4742 of 5668
          id: crl-25194
      author: Kaspar, Wendi Arant
       title: Looking for a Sign
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 2718
      flesch: 62
     summary: The editorial has been the best I have worked with, representing the journal and identify- ing opportunities for engagement, helping shape the direction with new policies and practices and providing constructive feedback: Dr. Jason K. Alston Christopher Cox Michelle Demeter Dr. Sarah Rose Fitzgerald Adrian K. Ho Lizah Ismail Sarah Kostelecky Dr. Megan Jane Oakleaf Ms. Erin Elizabeth Owens Ms. Nicole Pagowsky Melissa Adler Noa Aharony Frank R. Allen Melissa Becher Rickey D. Best Kelly Diane Blessinger Dr. Colleen Boff Tim Bottorff Joe C Clark Christopher Cox Ilka Noel Datig Jeanne Davidson Lisa DeLuca Michelle Demeter Paula R. Dempsey Shevon Desai marta deyrup Jennifer Doty David Dowell Dr. Kathy Brock Enger Dr. Jody Condit Fagan Louise Mort Feldmann Dustin Fife Dr. Sarah Rose Fitzgerald Mary Francis Jan Fransen Megan Gaffney Julie Gilbert Don Gilstrap Rumi Graham Melanie Griffin Dr. Melissa Gross Jim Fabian Hahn Nathan Hall Mr. Kevin S. Hawkins Merinda Kaye Hensley Bruce Herbert Dr. Melody Herr Alison Hicks Lisa Hinchliffe Adrian K. Ho Sheril Hook Soo-yeon Hwang Sharon Ince Ashley Ireland Lizah Ismail Trudi Jacobson Maria Anna Jankowska Sigrid Kelsey Mr. Steven A. Knowlton Sarah R Kostelecky 934 College & Research Libraries November 2021 Don Latham Deborah Lee Dr. Joan K. Lippincott Emmett Lombard Jennifer Maddox Abbott Jack Maness Janie Mathews Ms. Bethany
    keywords: editorial; help; journal; press; time
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        item: #4743 of 5668
          id: crl-25196
      author: Zhang, Mei; Wei, Xiaofei
       title: What Can “Marriage Announcements” Tell Us? A Content Analysis of News Articles on Library-Press Collaboration
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 8645
      flesch: 32
     summary: ”24 Another main challenge of library-press collaboration lies in their different financial operations: university press is a revenue-generating organization, whereas library operates on “subsidized, expenditure-based budget”;25 therefore, library sometimes does not fully understand press’s revenue-driven operations to maintain its financial viability.26 Limitations of Current Literature The literature review demonstrates that the majority of these articles were written by stake- holders either from libraries or university presses and have covered a relatively comprehensive range of the topics on the library-press collaborations. This study collects 23 news articles on the collaboration between university presses and academic libraries from the formal news sites of the affiliated institutions and then conducts content analysis on these articles, focusing on their content coverage and purposes.
    keywords: articles; collaboration; library; news; press; press collaboration; publishing; university
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        item: #4744 of 5668
          id: crl-25199
      author: Flierl, Michael; Maybee, Clarence; Bonem, Emily
       title: Developing the Informed Learning Scale: Measuring Information Literacy in Higher Education
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 7045
      flesch: 33
     summary: The second purpose is to pilot the collection of IL data in such a way that will correlate with other important institutional measures of student learning, including course grade, student motivation, and learning climate. The Informed Learning scale attempts to address two major issues: 1) demonstrating how IL data can be related to other important measures of student learning; and 2) measuring IL in alignment with recent theoretical advancements where IL is context dependent.
    keywords: data; information; informed; informed learning; learning; literacy; scale; student
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        item: #4745 of 5668
          id: crl-25200
      author: Dow, Mirah J.; Long, Bobbie Sartin; Lund, Brady D.
       title: Reference and Instructional Services to Postsecondary Education Students with Intellectual Disabilities
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 7481
      flesch: 29
     summary: The master’s students gained insights about the learning needs of individuals with ID.17 Advocating for college students with learning disabilities, Nall at East Carolina University (ECU) asserted that the principles of Universal Design for Learning by academic librarians should be used to build a comprehensive response to a wide variety of learning needs.18 According to Kavanagh, Reference and Instructional Services to Postsecondary Education Students 1021 Webb, and Hoover, also at ECU, academic librarians in Joyner Library used Universal Design for Learning elements to review an existing biology LibGuide and revise it to include audio, visual, kinesthetic, and text methods of instruction.19 They reported that using “a systematic approach to tutorial design that uses both the instructional design process of ADDIE and the design principles of UDL to differentiate means of representation of information will result in a positive educational experience for all students, not just those with learning disabilities. 4. Carol Russell, “Understanding Nonverbal Learning Disabilities in Postsecondary Students with Spina Bifida,” in Accessibility and Diversity in Education: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice (Hershey, PA: IGI Global, https://doi.org/10.1145/2468356.2468752 https://www.aaidd.org/intellectual-disability/definition/faqs-on-intellectual-disability https://www.aaidd.org/intellectual-disability/definition/faqs-on-intellectual-disability Reference and Instructional Services to Postsecondary Education Students 1033 2020), 404–30; Advances in Special Education, vol. 35, eds.
    keywords: academic; disabilities; education; individuals; learning; librarians; library; services; students
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        item: #4746 of 5668
          id: crl-25201
      author: Folk, Amanda L.
       title: Exploring the Development of Undergraduate Students’ Information Literacy through Their Experiences with Research Assignments
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 11462
      flesch: 32
     summary: Students indicated that capstone projects were intended to demonstrate that students learned what they were supposed to learn throughout their collegiate experience, validat- ing them as more established members of the community. Alison J. Head and Michael B. Eisenberg, Lessons Learned: How College Students Seek Information in the Digital Age (Seattle, WA: Project Information Literacy, University of Washington, Information School, 2009), retrieved from http://projectinfolit.org/publications/. 23.
    keywords: academic; assignments; college; development; information literacy; instructors; learning; research; students; undergraduate
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        item: #4747 of 5668
          id: crl-25203
      author: Hosoi, Mihoko
       title: Yingyi Ma. Ambitious and Anxious: How Chinese College Students Succeed and Struggle in American Higher Education. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2020. 312p. Paper, $35.00 (ISBN 978-0231184588).
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 1661
      flesch: 47
     summary: Ambitious and Anxious: How Chinese College Students Succeed and Struggle in American Higher Education by Yingyi Ma challenges the monolithic im- age of Chinese international students at US colleges. For example, it includes stories of Chinese international students whose families had to sell their houses to fund their college education 1058 College & Research Libraries November 2021 in the United States, as well as privileged students whose parents are college educated and wealthy.
    keywords: book; chinese; students
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        item: #4748 of 5668
          id: crl-25204
      author: Ibacache, Kathia
       title: Republics of Knowledge: Nations of the Future in Latin America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020. 304p. Paper, $39.95 (ISBN 9780691176758).
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 1679
      flesch: 42
     summary: In Republics of Knowledge: Nations of the Future in Latin America, Nicola Miller, Professor of Latin American history at the University College London, offers a two-part book addressing the history of knowledge in Spanish America from independence in 1810 to 1910, when govern- ments understood the importance of access to public knowledge as a key feature of modern nations. In these cases, the public library engaged public education, while the national library would serve as a repository for national culture.
    keywords: book; chapter; knowledge
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        item: #4749 of 5668
          id: crl-25205
      author: Matienzo, Mark A.
       title: Esther Milne. Email and the Everyday: Stories of Disclosure, Trust, and Digital Labor. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2021. 336p. Hardcover, $35.00 (ISBN 978-0-262-04563-6).
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 1767
      flesch: 45
     summary: Email and the Everyday meets Milne’s goal of addressing the complexity of email as a ubiq- uitous media landscape through evocative and familiar stories of the everyday drawn from her research methodology and contextualized through additional examples drawn from sec- ondary sources. While bureaucracy is commonly viewed as reducing emotion or affect, Milne describes a slippage from the conventional register as “bureaucratic intensity,” wherein affect bubbles to the surface in work email in ways that are in hindsight recognized as unacceptable.
    keywords: email; media; milne
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        item: #4750 of 5668
          id: crl-25206
      author: Townsend, Tamara
       title: Moya Bailey. Misogynoir Transformed: Black Women’s Digital Resistance. New York, NY: NYU Press, 2020. 248p. Hardcover, $28.00 (ISBN: 9781479865109).
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 1098
      flesch: 55
     summary: Moya Bailey is known for coining the term “misogynoir,” defined as the “particular venom directed at Black women through negative representations in Media” (xiii). The music video was constantly replayed on television and included graphic and explicit sexuality involving Black women.
    keywords: bailey; black
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        item: #4751 of 5668
          id: crl-25261
      author: Kaspar, Wendi Arant
       title: Academic Freedom and (Anti) Social Media?
        date: 2022-01-03
       words: 1716
      flesch: 46
     summary: Academic freedom can be informed by a number of other factors—for example, if there is an institution or a state where labor is strong, collective bargaining has an impact on the reach of academic freedom and its protections. In this the first issue of the 2022 year, it seems timely to address a topic that is uppermost in the rhetoric around high education—and at the center of my commitment to higher education: academic freedom.
    keywords: academic; freedom
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        item: #4752 of 5668
          id: crl-25263
      author: Meals, Catherine
       title: Evaluating the Impact of Personal Librarians on Academic and Affective Outcomes
        date: 2022-01-03
       words: 8646
      flesch: 26
     summary: The study sought to evaluate whether, and to what extent, the presence and student utiliza- tion of personal librarians affect information literacy–related academic outcomes and student confidence with information literacy skills. colonialism.20 The program described by Erica England and Leo S. Lo worked specifically with a cohort of students in a low-residency doctoral program.21 PL programs share many characteristics and goals with embedded librarian programs; like personal librarians, embedded librarians typically aim to reduce library anxiety and improve students’ information literacy skills,22 while amplifying the role of the library in academic success.23 Since each personal or embedded librarian program is unique in order to meet specific institutional and academic imperatives, and there appears to be no standard definition of personal or embedded librarianship, the choice of terminology is relatively flex- ible.
    keywords: academic; information; information literacy; librarians; literacy; personal librarian; sections; students
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        item: #4753 of 5668
          id: crl-25264
      author: DeFrain, Erica Lynn; Thoegersen, Jennifer; Hong, Miyoung
       title: Standing Out or Blending In: Academic Libraries in the Crowded Informal Learning Space Ecosystem
        date: 2022-01-03
       words: 11609
      flesch: 51
     summary: After preliminary analyses, qualitative data were then gathered through focus groups to provide more robust insight into quantitative findings.36 Using this method, the study underwent an iterative process of refinement and reflection for including the lived experience into the assessment.37 Nitecki and Simpson’s theoretical framework for library spaces also guided this study, which posits that the higher education context and physical design of the built environment influences the individual student.38 The built environment, by satisfying psychological needs and promoting productivity and focus, can influence individual behaviors and cognitive functioning.39 Ultimately, for an informal learning space to be successful, it must satisfy the affective and emotional conditions in which learning can occur. Understanding core contributions of academic library spaces is more important than establishing its users’ satisfaction; within higher education learning organizations, a task hi- erarchy is explicit, and fostering environments in which students can best engage with their coursework should be perceived as the main priority.
    keywords: academic; college; learning; learning spaces; libraries; library; research; spaces; students; study
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        item: #4754 of 5668
          id: crl-25265
      author: Cobley, Joanna
       title: Why Objects Matter in Higher Education
        date: 2022-01-03
       words: 8360
      flesch: 45
     summary: As one Univer- sity of Melbourne OBL student said: “I just cannot go past the immense aid the objects and practical exercises were toward learning.”33 Another way is expanding the number of practitioners and scope of institutions involved at a national level, similar to the study by Thogerson et al., to help OBL practitioners better understand student learning as well as find ways to improve OBL methods.
    keywords: collections; education; higher; history; learning; new; obl; research; students; university; zealand
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        item: #4755 of 5668
          id: crl-25266
      author: Goodsett, Mandi; Schmillen, Hanna
       title: Fostering Critical Thinking in First-Year Students through Information Literacy Instruction
        date: 2022-01-03
       words: 9237
      flesch: 38
     summary: Higher educational institutions generally agree that critical thinking is a key learning outcome for students and an important indicator of success.23 The focus on critical thinking instruction for first-year students in this study was deliberate for several reasons. Support for higher-order thinking skills are also clearly present in contemporary information literacy instruction models, such as metaliteracy and the CILIP (Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals) information literacy definition developed in 2018.18 While support for teaching critical thinking skills in library instruction has grown, the relationship between information literacy and critical thinking remains unclear.
    keywords: critical; critical thinking; information; instruction; literacy; skills; students; thinking; year
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        item: #4756 of 5668
          id: crl-25270
      author: Andrews, Nicola
       title: Routledge Handbook of Critical Indigenous Studies. Brendan Hokowhitu, Aileen Moreton-Robinson, Linda Tuhiwai-Smith, Chris Andersen, and Steve Larkin, eds. Milton Park, UK: Routledge, 2020. 632p, 32 B/W illustrations. $250.00 (ISBN 978-1138341302).
        date: 2022-01-03
       words: 1683
      flesch: 46
     summary: However, I see this book as having a broad appeal across many disciplines, ranging from Indigenous studies (including Hawaiian, Māori, Pacific Islander, Native American, First Nations, or other Ethnic Studies departments or programs), history, sociology, anthropology, gender or queer studies, law, politics, literature, social movements, and more. For example, the opening chapter by Chris Andersen gives a history of the Native American and Indigenous Studies Association (NAISA), and the tension between support for Indigenous studies from NAISA and from the institutions where NAISA members are employed.
    keywords: freedom; indigenous; studies
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        item: #4757 of 5668
          id: crl-25271
      author: McHone-Chase, Sarah
       title: Intellectual Freedom Manual, 10th ed. Comp. the Office for Intellectual Freedom. Martin Garnar and Trina Magi, eds. Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 2021. 352p. Paper, $69.99 ($62.99 ALA members) (ISBN 9780838948187).
        date: 2022-01-03
       words: 1205
      flesch: 50
     summary: The IFM instead offers practical advice for implementing intellectual freedom practices in libraries and answers legal questions regarding intellectual freedom while explaining why librarians and library workers should want to do this. However, a chapter new to this edition, “When to Call the Police,” dealing with patron privacy and requests from law enforcement, at least hints at societal conflicts that may sometimes personally affect library workers and the library community.
    keywords: freedom; intellectual
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        item: #4758 of 5668
          id: crl-25272
      author: Popowich, Sam
       title: Jonathan Beller. The World Computer: Derivative Conditions of Racial Capitalism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2021. 338p. Paperback, $28.95 (ISBN: 9781478011163).
        date: 2022-01-03
       words: 1832
      flesch: 44
     summary: As a result, derivative conditions can be manipulated and turned to the profit of racial capitalism itself as “categories of social difference function…as wagers on the economic value of their underliers and as means of structuring risk for capital” (7). More specific to librarians is Beller’s contention that the business-as- usual of racial capitalism and the world computer are insufficient for survival and revolution.
    keywords: beller; capitalism; digital
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        item: #4759 of 5668
          id: crl-25274
      author: Haggerty, Kenneth; Harrington, Caitlin; Scott, Rachel E.
       title: Integrating Library Resources in a Learning Management System: Exploring Instructor Obstacles and Motivations
        date: 2022-01-03
       words: 7960
      flesch: 43
     summary: [comprising] all types of materials, including print and electronic items from their library’s collections, Open Educa- tional Resources, and other resources available on the web.”14 Blake Galbreath is one of several librarians to have presented on Leganto implementation.15 Olivia Walsby recently published a case study on the University of Manchester’s implementation of Leganto.16 Additionally, EBSCO developed Curriculum Builder, a subscription-based LMS plugin that allows instructors to integrate library resources into their courses. While a benefit of Curriculum Builder is its ability to track usage of library resources assigned in the LMS, it cannot be presented as the only, or best, option.
    keywords: builder; curriculum; curriculum builder; ecourseware; library; lms; participants; resources; task
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        item: #4760 of 5668
          id: crl-25341
      author: Kaspar, Wendi A.
       title: My Last Editorial—A Cautionary Tale?
        date: 2022-03-03
       words: 1727
      flesch: 57
     summary: Lessons Learned I have had the chance to reflect on my time as editor through a bit of a different lens. There is a perception that editors know everything (or think they known everything?)— neither of which is true.
    keywords: editor; journal
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        item: #4761 of 5668
          id: crl-25344
      author: Saunders, Laura
       title: Faculty Perspectives on Mis- and Disinformation across Disciplines
        date: 2022-03-03
       words: 11570
      flesch: 39
     summary: Faculty Perspectives on Mis- and Disinformation across Disciplines Mis- and disinformation are not new issues, but sociopolitical events over the past several years have highlighted the challenges and threats they pose. 221 Faculty Perspectives on Mis- and Disinformation across Disciplines Laura Saunders* Librarians, who have long promoted the criticality of information literacy, were quick to identify a role for themselves in confronting the challenges of mis/disinformation through library instruction.
    keywords: disciplines; disinformation; faculty; librarians; literacy; mis; news; percent; respondents; students
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        item: #4762 of 5668
          id: crl-25345
      author: Makula, Amanda Y.; Turner, Laura S.
       title: Toward Engaged Scholarship: Knowledge Inclusivity and Collaborative Collection Development between Academic Libraries and Archives and Local Public Communities
        date: 2022-03-03
       words: 11757
      flesch: 38
     summary: There are many issues and considerations connected to this work, and additional research is needed, particularly regard- ing how engagement with local community collections impacts student learning. Library leaders can promote university-community engage- ment and knowledge diversity by incorporating local community knowledge into their collection development commitments and practices and tying this work to the parent institution’s strategic plan. “ …the world is not separated into the scholarly and the ordinary.”1 Introduction “Collection development necessarily responds to trends in academia, bringing forward new frameworks that shift the whats, whys, and hows of acquiring library materials,” write Debo- * Amanda Y. Makula is Associate Professor and Digital Initiatives Librarian and
    keywords: academic; collection; community; development; knowledge; libraries; library; local; materials; public; university; work
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        item: #4763 of 5668
          id: crl-25346
      author: de la Cruz, Justin; Winfrey, Amy; Solomon, Stephanie
       title: Navigating the Network: An Exploratory Study of LGBTQIA+ Information Practices at Two Single-Sex HBCUs
        date: 2022-03-03
       words: 9176
      flesch: 46
     summary: These claims were posted to Twitter, which allowed other students to respond and share their own experiences the way Spelman students did with #SpelSafe.32 Students reported absorbing information shared on social media even if they are not active participants on the platforms, as one interviewee pointed out: “people are dropping screenshots of tweets in the group chat, or people are like, ‘Look at this homophobic thing somebody said on Instagram.’” Our second research question dealt with the role that the library played in LGBTQIA+ student information practices. For example, one Morehouse interviewee shared that “people who get on certain [student group] boards or positions feel like they have to like hide parts of who they are,” whereas later, when asked what advice they would provide to incoming students, the same participant said, “Morehouse is a place where you can be comfortable in your sexuality and your queerness in general.” Others expressed a sense of pressure to conform to the ideal of the “Spelman Woman” and “Morehouse Man.”
    keywords: campus; college; information; lgbtqia+; library; morehouse; social; spelman; students
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        item: #4764 of 5668
          id: crl-25347
      author: Witherspoon, Richelle; Taber, Philip; Goudreau, Alex
       title: Science Students’ Information Literacy Needs: A Survey of Science Faculty on What and When Each Skill Is Needed
        date: 2022-03-03
       words: 8005
      flesch: 38
     summary: Findings from the study align with previous research on information use and literacy in the sciences and build on it by offering librarians greater insight into what underlies, drives, and impedes IL skill development for science students. Practice recommendations based on study findings are made for librarians teaching science students.
    keywords: information; literacy; research; science; skills; students
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        item: #4765 of 5668
          id: crl-25348
      author: Premji, Zahra; Splenda, Ryan; Young, Sarah
       title: An Exploration of Business Librarian Participation in Knowledge Synthesis Reviews
        date: 2022-03-03
       words: 9601
      flesch: 36
     summary: A definition of knowledge synthesis from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research was provided to participants at the beginning of the next section of the survey to ensure that participants understood how knowledge synthesis reviews differ from traditional literature reviews. For example, if a respondent selected “no” to the question on involvement in knowledge synthesis reviews, then they did not see the questions about the review steps in which they had been involved.
    keywords: business; knowledge; knowledge synthesis; librarians; reviews; synthesis; systematic; training
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        item: #4766 of 5668
          id: crl-25351
      author: Fuhr, Justin
       title: Catherine Murray-Rust. Library Next: Seven Action Steps for Reinvention. Chicago, IL: ALA Editions, 2021. 110p. Paper, $54.99 (ISBN: 978-0-8389-4839-2). https://www.alastore.ala.org/librarynext
        date: 2022-03-03
       words: 1729
      flesch: 51
     summary: Written primarily with a public library audience in mind, the volume has much to contribute to academic libraries interested in working more closely with their com- munities both on and off campus.—Alasdair Ekpenyong, Syracuse University Catherine Murray-Rust. Academic libraries, the scene of many of Murray-Rust’s stories, need to be cognizant of remaining relevant, but they are also embedded in the academic landscape of postsecondary institutions that may see change as less urgent than she describes.
    keywords: murray; rust
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        item: #4767 of 5668
          id: crl-25352
      author: Lazzaro, Althea
       title: Chelsea Heinbach, Rosan Mitola, and Erin Rinto. Dismantling Deficit Thinking in Academic Libraries: Theory, Reflection, and Action. Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press, 2021. 160p. Paper, $28.00 (ISBN 978-1634000956).
        date: 2022-03-03
       words: 1124
      flesch: 48
     summary: The often clunky but always imposing machinery of archival control lurks beneath nearly all of modern information. Thirteen opening chapters, followed by more than 100 topic en- tries, trace the “emergence across history of new information practices, technologies, and institutions” focusing particularly on “moments of confrontation and transition.”
    keywords: authors; information
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        item: #4768 of 5668
          id: crl-25353
      author: McColl, Ron
       title: Information: A Historical Companion. Ann Blair, Paul Duguid, Anja-Silvia Goeing, and Anthony Grafton, eds. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2021. 904p. Hardcover, $65.00 (ISBN 978-0-6911-7954-4).
        date: 2022-03-03
       words: 1129
      flesch: 51
     summary: The often clunky but always imposing machinery of archival control lurks beneath nearly all of modern information. While each man championed objectivity in public information, Dewey believed “journalists were high-profile players in an ongoing contest to interest the public in the public interest.
    keywords: chapter; information
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        item: #4769 of 5668
          id: crl-25355
      author: Pho, Annie
       title: Sofia Y. Leung and Jorge R. López-McKnight. Knowledge Justice: Disrupting Library and Information Studies through Critical Race Theory. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2021. 358p. Paper, $35.00 (ISBN 978-0262043502).
        date: 2022-03-03
       words: 1802
      flesch: 49
     summary: The chapters in this section recenter library history around the experiences and contributions of BIPOC library workers, making the structures of white supremacy in LIS more visible. Critical race theory is deployed in Knowledge Justice to facilitate the understanding and dismantling of white supremacist structures that make the profession inhospitable and toxic to BIPOC library workers.
    keywords: bipoc; library; lis
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        item: #4770 of 5668
          id: crl-25357
      author: Shea, Gerard
       title: Supporting Neurodiverse College Student Success: A Guide for Librarians, Student Support Services, and Academic Learning Environments. Elizabeth M.H. Coghill and Jeffrey G. Coghill, eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2020. 312p. Hardback, $95.00 (ISBN 978-1-5381-3736-9).
        date: 2022-03-03
       words: 1700
      flesch: 49
     summary: Hardback, $95.00 (ISBN 978- 1-5381-3736-9). Supporting Neurodiverse College Student Success, edited by Elizabeth Coghill and Jeffrey Coghill, aims to inspire higher education institutions to create more inclusive and welcoming environments for neurodiverse students. Throughout, the authors stress the need to create a welcoming environment for neurodiverse students based on the understanding that all students belong.
    keywords: library; neurodiverse; students
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        item: #4771 of 5668
          id: crl-25358
      author: Shirazi, Roxanne
       title: Daniel Greene. The Promise of Access: Technology, Inequality, and the Political Economy of Hope. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2021. 260p. Paper, $30.00 (ISBN 978-0-262-54233-3).
        date: 2022-03-03
       words: 1211
      flesch: 49
     summary: This is a broader story of a neoliberal urban development playbook that persists across locales: cities recruit largely white tech start-ups through tax incentives, real estate developers advancing gentrification create spaces that appeal to those workers, and— finally—public service institutions are recast in tech’s image, charged with remaking the city’s populace into entrepreneurs fit to compete in the information economy. Draw- ing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2012 and 2015 at three organizations—a tech start-up, a public library, and a charter school—he tells a story of public institutions adapting to dwindling state investment by embracing simplistic technological solutions to inequality, even when those who staff them seemingly know better.
    keywords: access; greene
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        item: #4772 of 5668
          id: crl-25432
      author: Lazet, Amy; Watson, Brian
       title: The Case for Retroactive Author Name Changes
        date: 2022-05-02
       words: 6502
      flesch: 44
     summary: Michelle Demeter, C&RL Editorial Board Member, Head of Undergraduate and Instructional Services at New York University Libraries Kristen Totleben, C&RL Editor-Designate, Humanities Librarian, University of Rochester College & Research Libraries Authorial Name Change Policy (2022) College & Research Libraries is committed to supporting requests for author name and/or pronoun changes. The American Psychological Association states that “respecting authors’ autonomy and recognizing that authors’ names may change after articles have been published, APA Publishing will update author names without publishing an accompanying correction notice.
    keywords: american; association; authority; authors; changes; gender; information; library; policy; trans
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        item: #4773 of 5668
          id: crl-25433
      author: Anderson, Melissa
       title: Heidi E. Buchanan and Beth A. McDonough. The One-Shot Library Instruction Survival Guide, 3rd ed. Chicago, IL: ALA Editions, 2021. 176p. Paper, $54.99 (ISBN: 978-0-8389-4997-9).
        date: 2022-05-02
       words: 1096
      flesch: 52
     summary: With the third edition of The One-Shot Library Instruction Survival Guide, Heidi Buchanan and Beth McDonough, both research and instruction li- brarians at Western Carolina University, have provided LIS students and early-career librarians with a concise and useful handbook for the creation of successful information literacy instruction sessions. Acknowledging but not engaging in the debate over the value of the “one-shot” instruction section versus credit courses or content embedded in the curriculum, the authors note that the one-shot “remains the reality for most libraries” (2) and recognize that new instruction librarians need guidance in designing what is likely to make up a large percentage of their instructional respon- sibilities.
    keywords: instruction; shot
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        item: #4774 of 5668
          id: crl-25434
      author: Davis, Elizabeth
       title: Jorge Díaz Cintas and Aline Remael. Subtitling: Concepts and Practices. London, UK: Routledge, 2021. 292p. Paper, $46.95 (ISBN: 9781138940543).
        date: 2022-05-02
       words: 1764
      flesch: 51
     summary: Audiovisual translation and subtitling as a focus of academic study is a relatively recent development, and the authors are careful to date and explain subtitling practices, pointing out where there is relative consensus around a method of subtitling. Throughout the chapters there are clear, concise, and detailed examples of subtitling practice using lines from popular domestic and international films that make the text approachable and relevant.
    keywords: authors; book; subtitling
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        item: #4775 of 5668
          id: crl-25436
      author: Hubbard, Melissa A.
       title: Silvia Federici. Patriarchy of the Wage: Notes of Marx, Gender, and Feminism. Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2021. 151p. Paper, $15 (ISBN: 978-1629637990).
        date: 2022-05-02
       words: 1187
      flesch: 46
     summary: In this book, Federici analyzes various forms of reproductive labor to generate new understandings of Marxist theory, and new possibilities for socialist organizers. Ultimately, Federici argues that understanding reproductive labor and its gendered nature is necessary for building a strong socialist movement, and an equitable world where everyone can thrive.
    keywords: federici; labor
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        item: #4776 of 5668
          id: crl-25437
      author: Levandofsky, Jade
       title: Jamie A. Lee. Producing the Archival Body. Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge, 2021. 182p. Hardcover, $160 (ISBN: 978-0367182199).
        date: 2022-05-02
       words: 1819
      flesch: 48
     summary: By practicing positionality in this way, Lee enriches the reader’s understanding of the ways that archival bodies are produced. Throughout the book, Lee urges the reader to think through the ways that archives and bodies are taken for granted.
    keywords: archival; body; lee
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        item: #4777 of 5668
          id: crl-25438
      author: Riley, Megan
       title: Jeanie Austin. Library Services and Incarceration: Recognizing Barriers, Strengthening Access. Chicago, IL: ALA Neal-Schuman, 2021. 208p. Paper, $54.99 (ISBN 978-0-8389-4945-0).
        date: 2022-05-02
       words: 1783
      flesch: 45
     summary: People experiencing incarceration are often marginalized or entirely omitted from discussions of censorship, both in popular and professional discourse, and library services for incarcerated people rarely make more than a brief appearance in LIS school curricula. Library Services and Incarceration is structured in three parts: the first half of the book of- fers a critical and historical overview and analyses of carceral systems and library services for incarcerated people in the United States.
    keywords: incarceration; library; services
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        item: #4778 of 5668
          id: crl-25439
      author: Roach-Freiman, Ashley
       title: Jenn Shapland. My Autobiography of Carson McCullers. New York, NY: Tin House, 2020. 296p. Paper, $16.95 (ISBN: 978-1-951142-29-2).
        date: 2022-05-02
       words: 1159
      flesch: 51
     summary: The narrative traverses time and location, landing the reader in the Ransom Center’s reading room and in the bathtub of McCullers’s child- hood home where Shapland spends a residency soaking, reading, and writing. The initial connection between Shapland and McCullers is sparked in an archive when Shapland uncovers a transcript of a session between McCullers and her therapist and likely lover, Dr. Mary Mercer.
    keywords: mccullers; shapland
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        item: #4779 of 5668
          id: crl-25441
      author: Walker, Lizzy
       title: LIS Interrupted: Intersections of Mental Illness and Library Work. Miranda Dube and Carrie Wade, eds. Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press, 2021. 346p. Paperback, $35.00 (ISBN: 978-1634001083).
        date: 2022-05-02
       words: 1714
      flesch: 52
     summary: Stacey Astill looks at the effect that the exposure to sensationalized health news has on library staff with anxiety, focusing on UK libraries. LIS Interrupted presents a collection of analyses and personal narratives about mental illness written by library workers.
    keywords: book; libraries; library; mental
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        item: #4780 of 5668
          id: crl-25443
      author: Yousefi, Baharak
       title: Sara Ahmed. Complaint! Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2021. 376p. $29.95 (ISBN 978-1-4780-1771-4).
        date: 2022-05-02
       words: 1566
      flesch: 59
     summary: Whether a complaint is pursued or abandoned, becoming a complainer is lonely by design: “The atomization of complaint procedures can be how abuses of power remain unrecognized” (168). As Kaba says in her writing, there is no single way to perform activist work.
    keywords: ahmed; complaint
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        item: #4781 of 5668
          id: crl-25521
      author: Hetrick, Emma
       title: Abram Foley. The Editor Function: Literary Publishing in Postwar America. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2021. 224p. Paper, $25.00 (ISBN: 978-1517911676).
        date: 2022-07-01
       words: 1743
      flesch: 42
     summary: For these reasons, Wiegand contends, school libraries did not encourage reading for pleasure, or school libraries as social spaces, as much as they might have done. In this book, we benefit from a treasure-trove of material about school libraries that Wiegand has accumulated through five decades of research on other topics.
    keywords: foley; literary; publishing
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        item: #4782 of 5668
          id: crl-25523
      author: Long, Harvey
       title: Reimagining Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Survival Beyond 2021. Gary Crosby, Khalid A. White, Marcus A. Chanay, and Adriel Hilton, eds. Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing, 2021. 217p. Hardcover, $95.00 (ISBN: 978-1800436657).
        date: 2022-07-01
       words: 1732
      flesch: 46
     summary: Crosby contends that HBCU leadership must continue to look ahead and find new ways to innovate. Khalid A. White, also an editor of the volume, addresses HBCU leadership in the last chapter, “The Reason for Reimagining.”
    keywords: black; chapter; education; hbcus
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        item: #4783 of 5668
          id: crl-25524
      author: Matsuuchi, Ann
       title: Dangerous Visions and New Worlds: Radical Science Fiction, 1950 to 1985. Andrew Nette and Iain McIntyre, eds. Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2021. 216p. Paper, $24.60 (ISBN: 978-1629638836).
        date: 2022-07-01
       words: 1146
      flesch: 51
     summary: This review of science fiction features two groundbreaking New Wave science fiction publications in the book’s title: the magazine edited by Michael Moorcock, New Worlds, and Harlan Ellison’s Dangerous Visions short story collections. The authors address how science fiction sought not only legitimization as literature but also transformed into a commercialized multimedia industry.
    keywords: fiction; hbcus; science
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        item: #4784 of 5668
          id: crl-25526
      author: Santiago, Ariana
       title: The Scholarly Communications Cookbook. Brianna Buljung and Emily Bongiovanni, eds. Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, a division of the American Library Association, 2021. 358p. Softcover, $88.00 ($79.20 ALA members) (ISBN: 978-0838938478).
        date: 2022-07-01
       words: 1696
      flesch: 46
     summary: The Scholarly Communications Cookbook, edited by Brianna Buljung and Emily Bongiovanni, offers a wide range of successful scholarly communications programs and projects that can serve as inspiration for librarians seeking to expand scholarly communications services at their institutions. There is a strong focus on practicality and putting scholarly communications initiatives into action.
    keywords: communications; recipes; scholarly
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        item: #4785 of 5668
          id: crl-25527
      author: Setele, Julie
       title: Matthew Crain. Profit over Privacy: How Surveillance Advertising Conquered the Internet. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2021. 216p. Paperback, $25.00 (ISBN: 978-1-5179-0505-7).
        date: 2022-07-01
       words: 1750
      flesch: 48
     summary: These are some of the visible ways that surveillance advertising plays out in our lives today. Using archival research, Crain’s Profit over Privacy provides an in- depth analysis of the historical development of surveillance advertising, documenting how the surveillance advertising apparatus was con- structed through concerted action and inaction by advertisers and marketers, tech start-ups, and government figures during the course of 25 years.
    keywords: advertising; crain; surveillance
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        item: #4786 of 5668
          id: crl-25528
      author: Swauger, Shea
       title: Audrey Watters. Teaching Machines: The History of Personalized Learning. Boston, MA: MIT Press, 2021. 328p. Hardcover, $34.95 (ISBN: 978-0262045698).
        date: 2022-07-01
       words: 1139
      flesch: 52
     summary: Skinner also didn’t mind causing collateral damage to Black students in impoverished schools whom he tried to enlist as trial populations for intelligence testing and programs to increase reading, regardless of the human cost. Johnson defines memory infrastructures as “backgrounded resources for practicing memory” that “explicitly obfuscate social issues related to memory because they are built to do just that.”
    keywords: tech; watters
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        item: #4787 of 5668
          id: crl-25530
      author: Winston, Rachel E.
       title: Catherine Knight Steele. Digital Black Feminism. New York, NY: New York University Press, 2021. 208p. Paperback, $27.00 (ISBN: 978-1-4798-0838-0).
        date: 2022-07-01
       words: 981
      flesch: 47
     summary: By interrogating the ways in which Black women and Black feminists have continually engaged with technology, Steele proves that “Black feminist thought work has forever altered digital commu- nication technologies” (8). Demonstrating by example, Steele’s work proves that Black women and Black feminist thought must not be left out of technological and digital discourse.
    keywords: black; digital
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        item: #4788 of 5668
          id: crl-25578
      author: Cook, Dani Brecher
       title: Is the Library One-Shot Effective? A Meta-Analytic Study
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 5145
      flesch: 49
     summary: A meta-analysis of library learning analytics studies. experimental studies were all considered for this meta-analysis.
    keywords: analysis; information; instruction; library; meta; shot; studies
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        item: #4789 of 5668
          id: crl-25579
      author: Leung, Sofia
       title: The Futility of Information Literacy & EDI: Toward What?
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 8601
      flesch: 51
     summary: In more specific instances of white settler colonialism, Indigenous scholars Sandra Littletree, Miranda Belarde-Lewis, and Marisa Elena Duarte remind us that: “Indigenous peoples are also told that unless their ways of knowing can be codi- fied as a form of property—with private property and the commons being the operational standard of nearly all laws under modern nation-state forms of sov- ereignty—they cannot be protected by authorized legislative and judicial bodies” (2020, 412–413). This allows white settlers to make claims of indigene- ity to the land and everyone else then becomes foreign or other (Patrick Wolfe, 2006).
    keywords: edi; information; information literacy; knowledge; library; literacy; settler; white; work
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        item: #4790 of 5668
          id: crl-25580
      author: Nicholson, Karen P.; Seale, Maura
       title: Information Literacy, Diversity, and One-Shot “Pedagogies of the Practical”
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 8739
      flesch: 29
     summary: Information literacy teaching, a form of gendered, affective labor that facilitates the develop- ment of students’ academic skills and subjectivities, serves to reproduce the academy itself.72 Librarians are nonetheless challenged in their efforts to embed information literacy into the curriculum because it is commonly seen as remedial or transactional, a service carried out for the benefit of both the teaching faculty and students.73 Supporting the institution’s educa- tional mission is demonstrated through processes of counting and accounting that focus on information literacy events as statistics (classes, consultations, reference transactions) rather than student learning or engagement. Neoliberal practices also leverage affect to produce and reinforce desired behaviors and subjectivities; in the neoliberal university workplace, these include flexibility, lifelong learning, entrepreneurialism, and a willingness to accept work intensification.103 Similarly, diversity as liberal multiculturalism draws on an affective technol- ogy of happiness to assuage white guilt and obscure the persistent whiteness of institutions such as universities, while diversity as self-work echoes neoliberal technologies of affect.104 Affect has recently been invoked to theorize issues central to information literacy and diversity work, including affective labor, resistance, and antiracist pedagogy.
    keywords: affect; affective; ahmed; critical; diversity; education; higher; information literacy; library; practices; work
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        item: #4791 of 5668
          id: crl-25582
      author: Ding, Yi
       title: Feminized Flexibility, One-Shot, and Library Professionalism: Oxymoron or Opportunity?
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 6751
      flesch: 19
     summary: By reimagining professionalism with a feminist and intersectional lens, the author concludes that destigmatizing gender stereotypes in imposed flexibility and embracing practices of autonomous flexibility in one-shots are key for library instructors and administrators to advance both workplace and student equity. Specifically, imposed flexibility is to accommodate the schedule, content, and pedagogy needs of teaching faculty due to asymmetrical power dynamics between librarians and teaching faculty40 or that between librarians and administrators’ or institutional need of efficiency, but librarians need autonomous flexibility to determine the means and amount of instructional labor.
    keywords: academic; flexibility; instruction; labor; librarianship; libraries; library; professionalism; shot; teaching
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        item: #4792 of 5668
          id: crl-25583
      author: Arellano Douglas, Veronica; Gadsby, Joanna
       title: The Power of Presence: One-Shots, Relational Teaching, and Instruction Librarianship
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 7222
      flesch: 47
     summary: As Nel Noddings states, “time spent on building a relation of care and trust is not time wasted,” so whatever time we have, however brief, is best used in relational connection.20 Joan Piorkowski and Erika Scheurer’s article on devel- opmental writing students highlighted how brief interactions with professors can be “caring encounters that spur motivation” and note that these demonstrations of care do not need to 810 College & Research Libraries September 2022 be elaborate.21 Rather, the professor or instructor shows that they are relationally available to students and establishes a foundation of care through their small actions or suggestions. However, there are one-shot classes or workshops that leave us, as librarians, feeling connected to students and faculty, deeply moved by the learning that has happened in the last hour or two (and in the hours of planning before the class even occurs).
    keywords: caring; connected; connection; relational; relationship; students; teaching
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        item: #4793 of 5668
          id: crl-25584
      author: Nataraj, Lalitha; Ibarra Siqueiros, April
       title: “Slow Your Roll”: Making Time for Reflection and Diverse Epistemic Practices in Library Instruction
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 7969
      flesch: 40
     summary: Qualitative data from zines also offer both librarians and students a profound understanding of how BIPOC students construct their scholar identities and act as counternarratives to epistemic white supremacy. Lalitha has also started gently informing professors and students that she will no longer spend inordinate amounts of time in the one-shot demonstrating effective search techniques within algorithmically biased databases; instead, she pivoted to uncover student expertise and curiosity to help users become more invested in their research topics.
    keywords: epistemic; information; instruction; knowledge; librarians; library; research; students; time
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        item: #4794 of 5668
          id: crl-25585
      author: Almeida, Nora
       title: Library Tautology: A Reenactment of the One-Shot
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 2118
      flesch: 42
     summary: Cathy Eisenhower and Dolsy Smith, “The Library as ‘Stuck Place’: Critical Pedagogy in the Corporate University,” in Critical Library Instruction: Theories and Methods, eds. Julia Furay, “Stages of Instruction: Theatre, Pedagogy and Information Literacy,” Reference Services Review 42, no. 2 (2014): 209–28; Sarah Polkinghorne, “Unpacking and Overcoming ‘Edutainment’ in Library Instruction,” In the Library with the Lead Pipe (2015), https://www.inthelibrarywiththeleadpipe.org/2015/edutainment/. 18.
    keywords: critical; information; library; literacy
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        item: #4795 of 5668
          id: crl-25586
      author: Lechtenberg, Urszula; Donovan, Carrie
       title: Undoing Our Instructional Past: Envisioning New Models for Information Literacy
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 1706
      flesch: 26
     summary: As a result, we would design and lead information literacy through a combination of opportunities such as teacher-training programs and instructional consulta- tions intended to build scaffolded research assignments; librarian-faculty collaborations that prioritize the transferability of knowledge while honoring and disrupting disciplinary ways of thinking; and learning objects that provide an intentional structure for sustaining information literacy at our institutions. Focusing our instructional energies and intentions on student learning rather than librar- ians’ teaching frees us from defining our instructional impact with basic metrics and allows us to work toward curriculum-integrated programs in which we are positioned as facilitators rather than the keepers of information literacy.
    keywords: information; learning; literacy
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        item: #4796 of 5668
          id: crl-25587
      author: Lacey, Sajni
       title: Racial Imposter Syndrome, White Presenting, and Burnout in the One-Shot Classroom
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 1718
      flesch: 55
     summary: As the previous quote points out, even knowing we have the “right” to claim space or identities, we can consistently feel doubt about how much we can assert that right when our identity does not align with our appearance. As a self-proclaimed racial imposter [RI], this represents the core issue of identity in the one-shot classroom, the exhaustion that comes with constantly thinking about how others perceive my racial identity, whether or not they think that identity is justified, and how much explanation I can or should provide about it.
    keywords: identity; shot
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        item: #4797 of 5668
          id: crl-25588
      author: Schlesselman-Tarango, Gina; Becerra, Monideepa
       title: The Critical Information Literacy Leadership Institute as Alternative to the One-Shot: Q & A with a Faculty Partner
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 2027
      flesch: 24
     summary: As a result, faculty not only learned key CIL concepts and implementation and evaluation strate- gies, but they also gained first-hand direct training from campus leadership on strategies to become CIL advocates themselves.4 846 College & Research Libraries September 2022 Why do you think it is important that faculty be the ones driving and delivering CIL content in their courses? 844 The Critical Information Literacy Leadership Institute as Alternative to the One-Shot: Q & A with a Faculty Partner Gina Schlesselman-Tarango and Monideepa Becerra* In spring 2021, the Pfau Library and Teaching Resource Center (TRC) at California State Uni- versity, San Bernardino developed a virtual Critical Information Literacy Leadership Institute, which was meant to introduce the foundations and pedagogical applications of critical infor- mation literacy (CIL) so departmental faculty could teach it and advocate for its integration across campus.
    keywords: cil; faculty; information
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        item: #4798 of 5668
          id: crl-25589
      author: Hoelscher, Colleen
       title: One-Shots in Special Collections and Archives: Moving from Gatekeeper to Guide
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 1247
      flesch: 36
     summary: mailto:choelsch@trinity.edu mailto:choelsch@trinity.edu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ One-Shots in Special Collections and Archives 849 ing acquisition, archival materials are described in finding aids and catalog records, where oppressive and othering language is common. Jessica Tai has argued the need for archival institutions to conduct reparative redescription of finding aids and catalog records, and Anti- Racist Description Resources, a practical guide from the Archives for Black Lives in Philadelphia, provides concrete steps to address such racism in archival description, as well as an extensive annotated bibliography of scholarship in this area.3 Once processed, archival materials become available for researchers to use; such access is influenced by structures of white supremacy, as identified by Michelle Caswell and her students.4
    keywords: archival; materials
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        item: #4799 of 5668
          id: crl-25590
      author: Santamaria, Michele; Schomberg, Jessica
       title: It Doesn’t Matter How Many “Doses”: One-Shots Aren’t Cures
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 1383
      flesch: 39
     summary: But, as we see with discussions about neutrality, this “common sense” approach does not factor in information systems that “inflict structural violence on BIPOC,” nor does it acknowledge the motivations behind any other form of epistemic injustice.5 It also doesn’t account for research around “sticky” information, which sometimes sticks around even after being corrected because it’s linked in people’s heads with other information they know to be true or because it provides them with a sense of safety or because it is a norm within social groups.6 As discussed by Maura Seale in relation to information literacy practices informed by the Standards, this “mechanistic” and “simplistic” view of how someone becomes infor- mation-literate is also “positivist” in its disregard of the means of knowledge production.7 Positivism approaches the world by observing it and reducing complexities in the attempt to identify universal patterns without acknowledging the social construction of knowledge.8 From this positivistic, mechanistic perspective, becoming information literate should then be “procedural,” as scripted and carefully controlled as many of our one-shots. Or, to frame this within the vaccine metaphor and in terms of corresponding learning implications, students given the “one shot” of information literacy frequently fail to apply what they have learned to new information literacy situations in ways that demonstrate they have been able to transfer knowledge.
    keywords: information; shots
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        item: #4800 of 5668
          id: crl-25594
      author: Gil, Alex
       title: Katerina Gonzalez Seligmann. Writing the Caribbean in Magazine Time. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2021. 216p. Paper, $29.95 (ISBN: 9781978822429).
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 1785
      flesch: 48
     summary: Seligmann captures this most concisely in her discussion of the journal Bim from its humble Barbadian origins to its status as a broad-based anglophone Caribbean journal: “I consider the infrastruc- tural capacity of a magazine to generate literature to be shaped by the set of possible relations it may establish to other forms of literary infrastructure.” Her analysis connects the production of literature, beyond the simple material realities of print literary magazines, to the very concept these magazines have of themselves, 860 College & Research Libraries September 2022 the literature in their pages, and their audiences.
    keywords: caribbean; location; seligmann
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        item: #4801 of 5668
          id: crl-25595
      author: Jackson, Lindsey
       title: Libraries and Sustainability: Programs and Practices for Community Impact. René Tanner, Adrian K. Ho, Monika Antonelli, and Rebekkah Smith Aldrich, eds. Chicago, IL: ALA Editions, 2021. 176p. Paper, $49.99 (ISBN: 9780838937945).
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 1791
      flesch: 49
     summary: This book contributes good ideas and crucial questions to carry on conversations around promoting sustainable libraries, while addressing the three bottom lines of sustainability that the ALA has adopted as a value. This collec- tion of essays constitutes a wide view of sustainability, offering myriad ways to promote the library as a leader for sustainable communities.
    keywords: book; community; libraries
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        item: #4802 of 5668
          id: crl-25596
      author: MacLeod, Kaia
       title: Handbook of Research on the Role of Libraries, Archives, and Museums in Achieving Civic Engagement and Social Justice in Smart Cities. Mohamed Taher, ed. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2022. 565p. $295.00 (ISBN: 978-1799883630).
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 1111
      flesch: 50
     summary: For instance, one author defines the digital divide as “the gulf between those who can access digital informa- tion and those who could not access digital information” (140). The concluding survey about LAM responses to Covid-19 offers strategies for a “new normal” that emphasizes digital literacy and media activism.
    keywords: lam; metaliteracy
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        item: #4803 of 5668
          id: crl-25598
      author: Sweeper, Darren
       title: Thomas S. Mullaney and Christopher Rea. Where Research Begins: Choosing a Research Project That Matters to You (and the World). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2022. 216p. Paper, $17.43 (ISBN: 978-0226817446).
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 1836
      flesch: 53
     summary: Self-centered research is a practice of research that emphasizes the importance of setting out on our own research journey, recognizing the importance of ethics in the research process, while coming to grips with our own abilities and limitations as researchers. However, when it comes to research, nothing will capture our focus and attention as much as research- ing a topic that has personal significance to us.
    keywords: book; research
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        item: #4804 of 5668
          id: crl-25599
      author: Wiggins, Max
       title: Writings on Media: History of the Present. Stuart Hall and Charlotte Brunsdon, eds. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2021. 352p. Paper, $28.95 (ISBN: 978-1-4780-1471-3).
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 2504
      flesch: 45
     summary: As Brunsdon notes in the Introduction, this collection “does not propose that Hall’s media analyses can be digested to produce a one-size-fits-all method that can now be applied” across form, time, and context (7). Further, Hall’s analyses (particularly in Part One) feel instantly relevant to those most foundational (and, indeed, still contested) questions of curation, archiving, and cataloging— what these seemingly straightforward practices of collection, description, and ordering do to the objects they handle, and how they impart and transform the meaning of these objects in ways that have much to do with the social order at the moments of both collection and representation to an audience or user.
    keywords: critical; hall; media
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-25599.pdf
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        item: #4805 of 5668
          id: crl-9757
      author: Kuhlman, A. F.
       title: Introducing "College and Research Libraries": Why Another Library Journal
        date: 1939-12-01
       words: 2097
      flesch: 58
     summary: In this new association provision has been made for five subsections: college libraries, jun- ior college libraries, reference librarians, libraries of teacher-training institutions, and university libraries. Despite the fact that we have a dozen university libraries with a million volumes or more, there is not a single definitive volume on university libraries.
    keywords: college; libraries; research
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9757.pdf
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        item: #4806 of 5668
          id: crl-9759
      author: Wilson, Louis R.
       title: Essentials in the Training of University Librarians—I
        date: 1939-12-01
       words: 5515
      flesch: 59
     summary: T h e survey by Brown of land-grant college libraries, and the surveys by Raney, Works, Carlson, and Wilson-Branscomb- Dunbar and Lyle, of university libraries, and numerous articles dealing with various aspects of university library administra- tion, have played their part. Other Responsibilities N o t only has the library been pressed into service on these different fronts, but in the past twenty-five years it has in many instances become responsible for training students in bibliographical method and the use of libraries, and for the direction of library schools with curriculums covering all phases of library work leading to the A .
    keywords: librarian; library; t h; university
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        item: #4807 of 5668
          id: crl-9760
      author: Mitchell, Sydney B.
       title: Essentials in the Training of University Librarians—II
        date: 1939-12-01
       words: 4712
      flesch: 51
     summary: T h e r e should always be opportunities for superior li- brarians who have obtained their equip- ment through experience to become university librarians, and even for trans- fers from other fields if special, uncommon qualities are desired or if the library pro- fession cannot interest and train just those whom the universities want. I would urge emphasis for university librarians on the extension of reference work into periodicals, society publications, documents and particularly printed bibliographies, while in cataloging it might well be explained even to be- ginners that our card catalogs were just the best available present device for mak- ing known the contents of libraries; that for large scholarly libraries there were valid criticisms against the dictionary card catalog on the score both of its complexity in use and of its cost; that much subject work is likely in the future to be done through reference to printed bibliogra- phies; that the rapidly developing arts of photography and cheap mechanical repro- duction may within the professional lives of our students bring back the printed catalog in new forms, with cards necessary only for supplements; that classifications, particularly in the biological and physical sciences and in what some optimistically call the social sciences, being concerned with the literature as it now exists, must go out of date, become inadequate, as that literature, geared as it is to the sub- ject matter and its treatment, changes.
    keywords: librarians; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9760.pdf
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        item: #4808 of 5668
          id: crl-9761
      author: Williamson, C. C.
       title: Essentials in the Training of University Librarians—III
        date: 1939-12-01
       words: 1697
      flesch: 55
     summary: Having pointed out what I have come to look upon as a serious problem in the recruiting of library school students who wish to go into university library work, I must hasten to add that I do not mean to classify all students who have to work their way through college as mediocre, though I think the student who is entirely selfdependent suffers a serious handicap in getting the kind of education he needs to make a successful career in university li- brary work. i s , in my opinion, does not necessarily indicate a need for more atten- tion to library school training for such positions, but rather to the need of ( I ) bringing into university library work peo- ple of a higher level of ability with a better and different kind of general education, ( 2 ) thorough professional training for the entire professional staff, and ( 3 ) more op- portunity for intensive experience in posi- tions of some responsibility in various departments of the library.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9761.pdf
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        item: #4809 of 5668
          id: crl-9764
      author: Walter, Frank K.
       title: Essentials of a University Library Building—I
        date: 1939-12-01
       words: 4036
      flesch: 61
     summary: It is quite probable that this feature, so common in older library buildings, may be more gen- erally revived in altering some of our pres- ent buildings. J u s t how these conditions will, or should, affect future library buildings is largely a matter of prophecy as well as ex- perience.
    keywords: building; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9764.pdf
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        item: #4810 of 5668
          id: crl-9765
      author: Raney, Llewellyn M.
       title: Essentials of a University Library Building—II
        date: 1939-12-01
       words: 4183
      flesch: 66
     summary: That will leave the reference librarian with a collection of general reference books and general periodicals. I B R A R I E S ' break the planning into three parts: college, natural sciences (including the medical application) and the combined humanities and social sciences (including their five professional applications).
    keywords: h e; t h
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        item: #4811 of 5668
          id: crl-9766
      author: Leupp, Harold L.
       title: Probable Trends in University Libraries
        date: 1939-12-01
       words: 3925
      flesch: 53
     summary: Consideration of ways to improve this condition, happily is out- side the scope of this paper, but the librarians in charge of group libraries should have, or should acquire, sufficient familiarity with the literatures of the sub- jects in their groups to enable them to be of real assistance to the experts they must serve, and also to contribute largely to the development of their respective li- braries. Library buildings, like busi- ness buildings, should be designed to last for, say, twenty or twenty-five years, mak- ing way at the end of that time for new buildings, adapted to the changed require- ments of the new day.
    keywords: library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9766.pdf
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        item: #4812 of 5668
          id: crl-9767
      author: Van Patten, Nathan
       title: Buying Policies of College and University Libraries
        date: 1939-12-01
       words: 4641
      flesch: 65
     summary: A college or university may expand its teaching and research activities only to find that it possesses neither the labora- tory nor library resources necessary to the successful carrying out of its new pro- gram. It must also be recognized that scholars are concerned with library resources rather than with the resources of a single library.
    keywords: college; h e; libraries; library; t h
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        item: #4813 of 5668
          id: crl-9768
      author: Lester, Robert M.
       title: Carnegie Corporation Aid to College Libraries
        date: 1939-12-01
       words: 4067
      flesch: 60
     summary: A t the same time, the corporation has learned still more about procedures and practices in college libraries. T h e amount now being spent experimentally on teachers college libraries is $198,000.
    keywords: books; college; corporation; library
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        item: #4814 of 5668
          id: crl-9770
      author: Carroll, John M.; Root, Donna L.; Shores, Louis
       title: Needed Reference Aids
        date: 1939-12-01
       words: 4144
      flesch: 68
     summary: T H E R E ARE now several current publi- cations that review reference materials, and from time to time articles appear in our professional journals that relate to reference methods. Together, these two publications provide a current review of reference materials for popular libraries.
    keywords: index; reference
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        item: #4815 of 5668
          id: crl-9771
      author: Smith, Anne M.
       title: Reference Resources of British Columbia
        date: 1939-12-01
       words: 3350
      flesch: 68
     summary: It is in the handwrit- ing of the explorer and is signed by him, and contains an interesting reference to public libraries in the introduction. 96 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES
    keywords: library; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9771.pdf
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        item: #4816 of 5668
          id: crl-9772
      author: Powell, Lawrence Clark
       title: The Functions of Rare Books
        date: 1939-12-01
       words: 4041
      flesch: 67
     summary: WHEN I asked Christopher Morley what he thought was the function of rare books, he replied, Surely this is no more answerable than what is the func- tion of ruined castles, or clumps of birch trees, or vintage wines, or amethysts. T h e function of rare books, we guess, is to be rare; to give a highly technical, specialized and associative pleasure to those suscepti- ble thereto.
    keywords: books; college; library; rare
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9772.pdf
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        item: #4817 of 5668
          id: crl-9774
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from The Field; Minutes of the A.C.R.L. Business Meeting Following the General Session at San Francisco
        date: 1939-12-01
       words: 4327
      flesch: 67
     summary: Reference Librarians Subsection Chairman, Charles F. McCombs, New York Public Library; secretary, Margaret Hutchins, School of Library Service, Colum- bia University, New York City Subsection for Teacher-Training Institu- tions Libraries Chairman, Helen A. Russell, State Teach- ers College Library, West Chester, P a . T R E A S U R E R ' S R E P
    keywords: college; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9774.pdf
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        item: #4818 of 5668
          id: crl-9776
      author: Gapp, Kenneth S.
       title: The Librarian's Task in Improving Personnel
        date: 1940-03-01
       words: 3243
      flesch: 50
     summary: Selection of Candidates T h e librarian has a unique opportunity for picking out, early in their college career, students who give promise of un- usual ability for library service. Among these factors stress should fall upon the possession of the right kind of scholarly abilities and on some promise of the ability to correlate library services with various fields of knowledge and with educational procedures.
    keywords: librarian; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9776.pdf
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        item: #4819 of 5668
          id: crl-9777
      author: McMillen, James A.
       title: Academic Status of Library Staff Members of Large Universities
        date: 1940-03-01
       words: 1600
      flesch: 55
     summary: W h a t should be their status in the group and, especially, are library staff members to be treated as members of the faculty or are they merely administrative employes? Another in explaining that he is the only one connected with the library who is considered as a member of the faculty states: I am the only mem- ber of the staff who has faculty rank and I enjoy the theoretical dignity of a f u l l professorship and a vote at the monthly faculty meetings. . . .
    keywords: members; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9777.pdf
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        item: #4820 of 5668
          id: crl-9779
      author: Shane, M. Lanning
       title: Audio-visual Aids and the Library
        date: 1940-03-01
       words: 2807
      flesch: 62
     summary: Records of audio-visual experience (each requires appropriate sound projec- tion apparatus and screen) a) Sound motion pictures b) Sound slide films c) Other visual materials with sound accompaniment Importance to Education On the importance of audio-visual aids to all educational agencies, the report of the Regents' Inquiry into the Character and Cost of Public Education in the State of N e w W h a t have they to do with audio-visual aids?
    keywords: aids; audio; visual
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9779.pdf
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        item: #4821 of 5668
          id: crl-9780
      author: Yust, Walter
       title: The Revision of Encyclopedias
        date: 1940-03-01
       words: 4306
      flesch: 67
     summary: Among encyclo- pedias, new editions appeared in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries at in- tervals of from ten years to a quarter of a century. T h e new article is thirty-nine lines shorter than the space occupied by the old.
    keywords: h e; new; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9780.pdf
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        item: #4822 of 5668
          id: crl-9781
      author: McLean, Philip T.
       title: The Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace
        date: 1940-03-01
       words: 2969
      flesch: 60
     summary: T h e library has been made as adequate as possible on the period of transition from war conditions to normal postwar condi- tions during the years 1 9 1 9 - 2 5 . T h e active role of the press in war time is probably nowhere shown to better ad- vantage than in a study of the newspaper and periodical press of Belgium during the period of German occupation, 1 9 1 4 - 18.
    keywords: h e; library; t h; war
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9781.pdf
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        item: #4823 of 5668
          id: crl-9795
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Recent Publications
        date: 1940-03-01
       words: 3769
      flesch: 75
     summary: : J u l y , 1 9 3 9 . 3 3 P - F r e e . g r i c u l t u r e , Office of Personnel.
    keywords: library
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        item: #4824 of 5668
          id: crl-9802
      author: Hare, Joe
       title: The Encroaching Graduate Schools
        date: 1940-06-01
       words: 1656
      flesch: 60
     summary: And, specifically, it is the librarian's job to see that the consideration of equipment includes appraisal of library resources. But few of these state systems have yet accomplished im- pressive transfer of schools, departments and divisions to the proper institutions.
    keywords: graduate
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9802.pdf
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        item: #4825 of 5668
          id: crl-9803
      author: Baldwin, Summerfield
       title: Book-Learning and Learning Books
        date: 1940-06-01
       words: 2618
      flesch: 69
     summary: T h e r e are plenty of great city libraries in the United States; there are other schools of library science (a f e w of them older) besides that of Western Reserve University, yet only in Cleveland are the university and the community conscious of the fact that the pursuit of similar ends is most efficiently subserved by collaboration. r k bound train, and the discus- sion naturally centered around the steel king's announced project to devote a very large proportion of his immense fortune to the building of public libraries.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9803.pdf
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        item: #4826 of 5668
          id: crl-9808
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Proposed Revision of the A.C.R.L. Constitution and By-Laws
        date: 1940-06-01
       words: 11060
      flesch: 74
     summary: T h e r e was an average attendance of over 1 3 0 0 each week, and every two weeks a new exhibit was set up. T h e r e are also many books and pamphlets bearing particularly on wages, hours, and working conditions; studies of the cost of living; form budgets; and arbitration briefs.
    keywords: e r; h e; o r; r t; r y; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9808.pdf
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        item: #4827 of 5668
          id: crl-9809
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Recent Publications
        date: 1940-06-01
       words: 9386
      flesch: 80
     summary: R e p o r t on S B u t l e r , N i c h o l a s M u r r a y .
    keywords: e r; o l; o r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9809.pdf
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        item: #4828 of 5668
          id: crl-9811
      author: Laing, Alexander
       title: A Library for the Undergraduate College
        date: 1940-09-01
       words: 4604
      flesch: 62
     summary: Books Because collegiate instruction still has a not too vague upper as well as a strict lower limit, the choice of books for the direct use of undergraduates is further simplified. For most American college libraries, the first English translation of Castiglione's Courtier should thus be considered more desirable than the original Italian edition.
    keywords: books; college; library; teaching
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9811.pdf
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        item: #4829 of 5668
          id: crl-9812
      author: Richardson, Louise
       title: Developing a College Library Staff
        date: 1940-09-01
       words: 2154
      flesch: 59
     summary: Knowledge of library science, scholarly knowledge in other fields, and thorough understanding of functional relationships are inseparable in effective college library service. Making each assistant responsible for some particular share of work, however small, also helps in staff development.
    keywords: library; staff; subject
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9812.pdf
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        item: #4830 of 5668
          id: crl-9813
      author: Fowler, Julian S.
       title: The Staff Meeting as a Departmental Seminar
        date: 1940-09-01
       words: 1116
      flesch: 71
     summary: It is my purpose to put before you for discussion some tentative and perhaps wholly impractical suggestions by which the study of staff members might be used to benefit the general group. Staff members could elect membership in any one of the groups.
    keywords: library; staff
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9813.pdf
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        item: #4831 of 5668
          id: crl-9814
      author: Brown, Charles Harvey
       title: Scientific Libraries in the Emergency
        date: 1940-09-01
       words: 1735
      flesch: 64
     summary: In the libraries of the technical 328 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES institutions in Dresden and Berlin, in the Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft, and in other libraries in Germany, expert bibliog- raphers (not librarians), trained in scien- tific and industrial research, are employed to search for material in response to re- quests from industrial firms. T h e following hastily written notes concern only certain activities of the scientific and technical de- partments of university libraries, the tech- nical departments of large public libraries, and the technical and scientific libraries attached to societies, industrial firms, and other institutions.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #4832 of 5668
          id: crl-9815
      author: van Hoesen, Henry Bartlett
       title: Perspective in Cataloging
        date: 1940-09-01
       words: 3965
      flesch: 72
     summary: The chief obstacles are the expensiveness of some, the relatively impermanent and unsightly results of others, and the neces- sity of putting all the cards on the type- writer to add subject and added entries— unless or until the Library of Congress or other card printing agencies can supply complete sets of cards ready for filing. Bishop's statement, made nearly thirty years ago, on subject entries remains true today, and the situation is aggravated by the growing unwieldiness of card catalogs.
    keywords: cataloging
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9815.pdf
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        item: #4833 of 5668
          id: crl-9818
      author: Eells, Walter Crosby
       title: Needed Developments in Junior College Libraries
        date: 1940-09-01
       words: 5519
      flesch: 59
     summary: NEEDED improvements and develop-ments in junior college libraries and library services which it seems to me are reasonable to look forward to in the next two or three years may be considered un- der the following heads: development of library consciousness on the part of ad- ministrators, compilation of information on junior college libraries, improvement of book collections, improvement of periodi- cals, greater emphasis on library service, better library tools, increased recognition of staff, evaluation of libraries, and organi- zation of a library section in the American Association of Junior Colleges. Since devising this scale, I have fre- quently wondered whether it would be desirable to construct a similar scale for the evaluation of the periodical collections of junior college libraries, not only as an evaluative instrument but as a suggestive guide for periodical subscriptions as well.
    keywords: college; junior; library; school
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9818.pdf
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        item: #4834 of 5668
          id: crl-9820
      author: Purdy, G. Flint
       title: The Library Survey: Problems and Methods (Book Review)
        date: 1940-09-01
       words: 1194
      flesch: 63
     summary: Until a few years ago, the published guides to book selection consisted generally of selected lists of books, enumeration of book lists and journals of review, and some aphorisms designed to aid the li- brarian in avoiding pitfalls which occa- sionally engulf book selectors of varying degrees of experience. T h u s The Library Survey is essentially a survey of library surveys.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9820.pdf
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        item: #4835 of 5668
          id: crl-9822
      author: Miller, Robert A.
       title: How to Read a Book; the Art of Getting a Liberal Education (Book Review)
        date: 1940-09-01
       words: 1230
      flesch: 69
     summary: In Contemporary Fiction and Non- Fiction, George Stevens, until recently editor of the Saturday Review of Litera- ture, applies the glass to the book reviewer to show how hazardous, and why, has become the task of book selection. More attention to book selection in college and university libraries would have increased its useful- ness.
    keywords: book; reading
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9822.pdf
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        item: #4836 of 5668
          id: crl-9827
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Recent Publications
        date: 1940-09-01
       words: 8609
      flesch: 69
     summary: Con- densations of c u r r e n t F r e n c h books and articles selected f r o m F r e n c h periodicals and newspapers. i s h with a section in F r e n c h .
    keywords: american; annual; association; book; college; columbia; der; library; new; study; university; vol; year; york
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9827.pdf
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        item: #4837 of 5668
          id: crl-9829
      author: Henkle, Herman H.
       title: The Liberal Arts Function of the University Library
        date: 1940-12-01
       words: 5563
      flesch: 71
     summary: 1 2 For summarizing opinion about the functions of university libraries, use was made especially of writings by Kaiser, Keogh, Sproul, and Works. Of interest to the university library in relation to library service to undergradu- ates is the fact that there has been a marked shift in training for the medical, legal, teaching, library and other profes- sions from the undergraduate to the gradu- ate level.
    keywords: e r; h e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9829.pdf
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        item: #4838 of 5668
          id: crl-9830
      author: Currier, Thomas Franklin
       title: The Subject Specialist
        date: 1940-12-01
       words: 5242
      flesch: 57
     summary: T u r n , for a moment, to the use made of library material after acquisition and cata- DECEMBER, 1940 15 loging. T h i s study applies almost exclusively to the organiza- tion of work in large university libraries, specializing in diverse fields of knowledge, and acquiring books in many languages.
    keywords: library; subject; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9830.pdf
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        item: #4839 of 5668
          id: crl-9847
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: 1939-40 Report of the A.C.R.L. Committee on Review of Sscholarly Books; Current Reference Aids; News from the Field; New Periodicals and Serials; Public Administration and Personnel Work; Readings in Business Administration
        date: 1940-12-01
       words: 21209
      flesch: 90
     summary: n s i v e collection of a b s t r a c t s of c u r r e n t l Gives excellent bibliographies at the end of each article a n d c o n t a i n s a d e p a r t m e n t on c u r r e
    keywords: d e; e e; e l; e n; e r; e s; h e; n d; n t; o r; r r; r s; r t; r y; s t; t e; t h; t o; t t; t u; u r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9847.pdf
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        item: #4840 of 5668
          id: crl-9850
      author: Hurt, Peyton
       title: Principles and Standards for Surveying a College Library
        date: 1941-03-01
       words: 4714
      flesch: 65
     summary: D a t a on college libraries are regularly collected, analyzed, and appraised for their meaning and significance. E v e n these should consider h o w such enlarged services might interfere w i t h the main objectives of college library service.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9850.pdf
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        item: #4841 of 5668
          id: crl-9872
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Recent Publications
        date: 1941-03-01
       words: 16707
      flesch: 88
     summary: an assemblage of persons i n t e r e s t e d in the serious s t u Contains articles of i n t e r e s t to the l
    keywords: d e; e e; e l; e n; e r; e s; h e; m e; n d; n t; o n; o r; r d; r r; s t; t e; t h; t r; t u; u r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9872.pdf
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        item: #4842 of 5668
          id: crl-9873
      author: Danton, J. Periam
       title: University Librarianship—Notes on Its Philosophy
        date: 1941-06-01
       words: 7426
      flesch: 69
     summary: Assuming for the present the validity of this statement, we may follow the reasoning f u r t h e r . T h e r e are, of course, scores of defini- tions of the liberal arts college, and most of them, as far as educational aims and objectives are concerned, a r e e q u a l l y applicable to the college program of the university.
    keywords: e r; h e; t h; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9873.pdf
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        item: #4843 of 5668
          id: crl-9880
      author: Kraehenbuehl, John O.
       title: Lighting the Library
        date: 1941-06-01
       words: 3514
      flesch: 64
     summary: T h e selection of lighting systems and equipment for other than illumination purposes should always be secondary to the functional use of such equipment. I n these areas direct lighting systems with higher equip- ment brightness will prove satisfactory.
    keywords: h e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9880.pdf
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        item: #4844 of 5668
          id: crl-9896
      author: Scudder, Robert F.
       title: Current Bibliographical Sources for Government Document Acquisition: An Annotated List
        date: 1941-06-01
       words: 10623
      flesch: 97
     summary: Bimonthly. Contains a bibliographic section R e c e n t Publica- tions of Political I n t e r e s t including G o n s of L a b o r I n t e r e s t which lists n e w processed
    keywords: e d; e n; e r; n n; n t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9896.pdf
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        item: #4845 of 5668
          id: crl-9898
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Minutes of the Board of Directors of the A.C.R.L. Meeting, Dec. 28, 1940, Chicago; Periodical Exchange Union
        date: 1941-06-01
       words: 5803
      flesch: 68
     summary: Students who have completed the twelve points of regular work for the training of teacher-librarians will be en- couraged to attend the workshop which will f u r t h e r their training in library sci- ence with special reference to the specific problems which they face in their schools. A critical synthesis and i n t e r p r e t a t
    keywords: h e; library; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9898.pdf
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        item: #4846 of 5668
          id: crl-9899
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Recent Publications
        date: 1941-06-01
       words: 7260
      flesch: 85
     summary: b s ; R o b e r t O r r ; James T . JUNE, 1941 261 M o t o r T r u c k Red Book, 1940, an Encyclo- pedia of the L a w s , Rules, Regulations, Principles and Practices of M o t o r T r u c k Transportation.
    keywords: o r; r e; r r; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9899.pdf
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        item: #4847 of 5668
          id: crl-9901
      author: White, Carl M.; Van Sant, Clara; Little, Evelyn S.; Johnson, B. Lamar; Helm, Margie; Conat, Mabel
       title: The Program of the Association of College and Reference Libraries
        date: 1941-09-01
       words: 6867
      flesch: 72
     summary: T h e r e will be other changes, necessary changes. T h e r e is nothing rigid about this natural division of labor, and the empha- sis is intended to be positive.
    keywords: e r; h e; r t; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9901.pdf
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        item: #4848 of 5668
          id: crl-9902
      author: McAfee, Mildred H.
       title: The College Library as Seen by a College President
        date: 1941-09-01
       words: 3051
      flesch: 68
     summary: It would be truer to say that they have little time to use libraries because their desks are piled so high with publications which are sent to them to be reviewed that they have no time to pick their own reading matter. Each of them directs his office as a service agency to an institution which uses presi- dency and library as a means to the end of education.
    keywords: t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9902.pdf
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        item: #4849 of 5668
          id: crl-9905
      author: Muller, Hans
       title: The Management of College Library Book Budgets
        date: 1941-09-01
       words: 5012
      flesch: 75
     summary: , there was only a single case in which book funds were not centralized.5 It seems, therefore, that the trend is definitely in the direction of centralization. w n ; 9 ( d ) it guards the librarian against the possible charge that the expenditure of book funds has been unjust to some departments; (e) it prevents the clash of personalities;10 ( f ) it curbs the exercise of an excessive degree of discretionary power and arbitrariness on the part of the librarians.11 Disadvantages of Apportionment As to the disadvantages of the appor- tionment plan we note that Randall and Goodrich regard it as a necessary evil.12 7 A Survey of Libraries in the United States.
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9905.pdf
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        item: #4850 of 5668
          id: crl-9916
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Minutes of the Association of College and Reference Libraries Meetings at Boston; Index
        date: 1941-09-01
       words: 18985
      flesch: 100
     summary: C u r r e n t r e f . 8 9 T r e a s u r e r ' s o
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; e s; n d; n s; o n; o r; r t; t e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9916.pdf
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        item: #4851 of 5668
          id: crl-9917
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Recent Publications
        date: 1941-09-01
       words: 7016
      flesch: 97
     summary: Of more i n t e r e s t _ to most librarians, however, is the general material. M c M u r t r i e brought forward pro- posals for developing by cooperative means adequate subject bibliographies.
    keywords: e r; t e; t r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9917.pdf
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        item: #4852 of 5668
          id: crl-9918
      author: Fall, John
       title: A Proposal for a Cooperative Storage Library
        date: 1941-12-01
       words: 3181
      flesch: 65
     summary: T h e deposit library will effect a saving or de- ferring of library building costs. Through its use the need for new library buildings will be reduced and delayed.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9918.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-9918.txt

        item: #4853 of 5668
          id: crl-9919
      author: Shores, Louis
       title: The Practice of Reference
        date: 1941-12-01
       words: 4933
      flesch: 59
     summary: It is only natural therefore that this constant search for information should influence the less serious pursuits of our leisure and result in radio quiz programs, movie contests, and newspaper crossword puzzles all of which demand exacting reference service. One institution is con- templating release of its instructors from part of their teaching duties so that they may give reference service in the library.
    keywords: librarian; libraries; library; reference
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9919.pdf
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        item: #4854 of 5668
          id: crl-9920
      author: Wilson, Eugene H.
       title: Survey of Libraries in Colleges and Universities Which are Giving Engineering Defense Training Courses
        date: 1941-12-01
       words: 7605
      flesch: 62
     summary: As a result of this sudden increase in the number of courses being of- fered and the influx of new students, the evening use of library materials at the Lewis Institute of Arts and Sciences has increased by 25 to 30 per cent. O f twenty-six librarians who reported they were limited in meeting known or possible needs by lack of enough trained personnel only eight specified the lack was due to defense courses, and seven stated specifically it was an old problem.
    keywords: defense; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9920.pdf
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        item: #4855 of 5668
          id: crl-9921
      author: Mohrhardt, Charles M.
       title: Survey of Libraries in Colleges and Universities Which are Not Giving Engineerign Defense Training Courses
        date: 1941-12-01
       words: 3710
      flesch: 64
     summary: B e l o w is an attempt to analyze the specific types of material needed in defense training courses. Indiana University reports the follow- ing curriculum changes as a result of na- tional defense problems: I. Problems of business and industrial mobilization.
    keywords: defense; question
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9921.pdf
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        item: #4856 of 5668
          id: crl-9925
      author: Shipton, C. K.
       title: The Harvard University Archives
        date: 1941-12-01
       words: 3952
      flesch: 61
     summary: A s this galloping survey of the contents of the Harvard archives indicates, the criterion of inclusion is relationship to the university; we make no distinction be- tween manuscript and printed material. T h e distinction between manuscript and printed material becomes unreasonable in a collection of, for example, examination questions, where the size of the course determines whether papers shall be typewritten, mimeo- graphed, or printed.
    keywords: t h; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9925.pdf
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        item: #4857 of 5668
          id: crl-9926
      author: Plant, Marjorie
       title: Periodicals Procedure in a University Library
        date: 1941-12-01
       words: 4417
      flesch: 69
     summary: T h e cards (six inches by four) are printed on both sides. For the cataloging proper a special type of card has been printed to show the room location of current num- bers and of bound volumes, respectively, and the serial number.
    keywords: h e; t h
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9926.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/crl-9926.txt

        item: #4858 of 5668
          id: crl-9930
      author: Smith, G. Donald
       title: The Chicago College Plan, by Chauncey Samuel Boucher, Revised and Enlarged after Ten Years' Operation of the Plan (Book Review)
        date: 1941-12-01
       words: 1108
      flesch: 55
     summary: This fact gives Review Index a decided edge over Book Review Digest in the matter of Foreign Book Reviews. One criticism was that the reviews of foreign books are very important, but that Review Index does not list foreign periodicals.
    keywords: college; review
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9930.pdf
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        item: #4859 of 5668
          id: crl-9931
      author: Meyer, Jose
       title: Government Publications
        date: 1941-12-01
       words: 4441
      flesch: 75
     summary: T h e r e it was stipulated that a general informa- tion service for the dissemination of all data useful in the interests of the nation was to be set up even before a state of war existed. , 1941 85 I940» T h r e e editions:
    keywords: r e
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9931.pdf
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        item: #4860 of 5668
          id: crl-9932
      author: Reuss, Dorothy M.; Wasson, Donald; Kraus, Joe W.; Griffin, Jessie
       title: Libraries and Research
        date: 1941-12-01
       words: 1929
      flesch: 54
     summary: T o sum up the advantages of the sug- gested plan: (1) It should bring about the desired result of placing documentary ma- terial unwanted by one library on the shelves of other libraries, where it is needed. Accord- ing to this arrangement the clearing house would never actually handle the publications themselves, but would merely arrange for the transfer of material between holding and requesting libraries.
    keywords: house; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9932.pdf
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        item: #4861 of 5668
          id: crl-9933
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News From the Field
        date: 1941-12-01
       words: 2199
      flesch: 55
     summary: T h e Indiana University Library, Bloomington, has received the private li- braries of Samuel B. and Theophilus A . Willard P. Lewis, librarian, Pennsylvania State College, State College (1944) Section Directors College Libraries: Fina C. Ott, librarian, Alma College, Alma, Mich. Junior College Libraries: Lois E. Engleman, librarian, Campbell Memorial Library, Frances Shimer Junior College, Mount Carroll, 111.
    keywords: librarian; library; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9933.pdf
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        item: #4862 of 5668
          id: crl-9934
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: Recent Publications: Current Reference Aids
        date: 1941-12-01
       words: 2933
      flesch: 74
     summary: R. S. Moulton, ed. gth ed. Columbia University Press, 1940. 261p.
    keywords: bibliography; i940; i941; i94i; press; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9934.pdf
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        item: #4863 of 5668
          id: crl-9937
      author: Wilson, Louis R.
       title: The Significance of the Joint University Libraries
        date: 1942-02-28
       words: 3957
      flesch: 53
     summary: I have witnessed from Virginia to T e x a s the erection of university library buildings that in their organization and size reflect the expanding conception of the impor- tance of library resources and service in higher education. It did not seem to occur to him that unless these undertakings were properly supported with library resources and integrated with intelligent library use, the results he ex- pected from them could not be achieved.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9937.pdf
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        item: #4864 of 5668
          id: crl-9946
      author: Clapp, Clifford B.
       title: Critique and Design on the Cost of Cataloging
        date: 1942-02-28
       words: 4439
      flesch: 67
     summary: Osborn devotes several pages to the theories and niceties of cataloging and related functions of catalog departments and only two to the organization of the department. n there is the need for better budgeting of libraries and catalog departments.
    keywords: cataloging
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9946.pdf
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        item: #4865 of 5668
          id: crl-9947
      author: Root, Marion M.; Mumford, L. Quincy
       title: Cataloging Problems and Research Libraries
        date: 1942-02-28
       words: 3374
      flesch: 68
     summary: Catalogers then can make definite decisions as to which of the rules and usage their libraries with the staff and funds at their disposal can afford to use, or which rules will supply the extent of fulness in cataloging which their type of library needs. I should like to say that the Library of Congress is very keenly conscious of the high cost of cataloging and is eager to cooperate with other libraries in working towards a common solution.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9947.pdf
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        item: #4866 of 5668
          id: crl-9948
      author: Mitchell, Eleanor
       title: The Photograph Collection and its Problems
        date: 1942-02-28
       words: 3724
      flesch: 59
     summary: T h e photograph and slide collection of the college and uni- versity art department is drawn upon to visualize the history of art course, vary- ingly concerned with subject, period, or country, such as the history of the por- trait, medieval art, or French painting. A survey of the fourteen representative classification schemes for photograph collections is discouraging in that it reveals no standardization.
    keywords: collection
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9948.pdf
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        item: #4867 of 5668
          id: crl-9953
      author: Wilson, Francis G.
       title: The Library Catalog and the Scholar
        date: 1942-05-31
       words: 3346
      flesch: 56
     summary: Any person who knows a library from the standpoint of independent research will know how complex the management of great stores of printed material is and like­ wise he will appreciate the effectiveness of the staffs of university libraries. Distinguished exceptions may be remem­ bered in the libraries of the League of · Nations and the International Labor Of­ fice in Geneva where the handiwork of American library science was visible in the arrangement and cataloging of the books.
    keywords: catalog; librarian; library; research; scholar
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9953.pdf
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        item: #4868 of 5668
          id: crl-9956
      author: Lund, John J.
       title: The Cataloging Process in the University Library: A Proposal for Reorganization
        date: 1942-05-31
       words: 6126
      flesch: 75
     summary: T h e r e c o T h e r e are also certain possible variations and innovations that merit consideration.1 2 T a k e first, for ex- ample, the question of using L .
    keywords: e r
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9956.pdf
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        item: #4869 of 5668
          id: crl-9963
      author: Ellsworth, Ralph E.
       title: Summary of Current Practices in Colleges and Universities with Respect to the Management of Book Funds
        date: 1942-05-31
       words: 2215
      flesch: 66
     summary: Replies were received from the following fifty-three institutions: University of Arizona, University of Arkansas, Bryn M a w r College, Univer- sity of California (Berkeley), University of Chicago, Cincinnati University, Uni- versity of Colorado, Cornell University, University of Delaware, University of Denver, Duke University, University of Florida, University of Georgia, Harvard University, University of Idaho, Univer- sity of Illinois, Indiana University, Uni- versity of Iowa, Johns Hopkins University, University of Kansas, University of Ken- tucky, Louisiana State University, Uni- versity of Maryland, University of Michigan, University of Minnesota, University of Mississippi, University of Missouri, University of Montana, University of Nebraska, University of Nevada, University of New Mexico, University of North Carolina, North- western University, Oberlin College, Ohio State University, University of Oregon, University of South Carolina, University of South Dakota, Southern Methodist University, Temple University, University of Tennessee, University of Texas, University of Utah, Vassar Col- lege, University of Vermont, University of Virginia, Washington University (St. 252 C O L L E G E , AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES Louis), University of Washington (Seat- t l e ) , Wayne University, University of W e s t Virginia, Western Reserve Univer- sity, University of Wisconsin, University of Wyoming.
    keywords: university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9963.pdf
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        item: #4870 of 5668
          id: crl-9964
      author: McEwen, Robert W.
       title: The Status of College Librarians
        date: 1942-05-31
       words: 3517
      flesch: 62
     summary: T h e data, to be significant, must indicate the exact meaning of the technical rank assigned to college librarians. ( 2 ) W h a t can college librarians do to achieve it?
    keywords: college
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9964.pdf
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        item: #4871 of 5668
          id: crl-9965
      author: Beals, Ralph A.
       title: Public Administration and the Library (Book Review)
        date: 1942-05-31
       words: 982
      flesch: 54
     summary: Chapter seven epitomizes the argu- ments for and against the board form of library organization. p i c s in library management are noted cursorily throughout the volume and four are selected for somewhat fuller treatment.
    keywords: library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/crl-9965.pdf
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        item: #4872 of 5668
          id: crl-9966
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors of A.C.R.L., Chicago, December 28, 1941
        date: 1942-05-31
       words: 5587
      flesch: 76
     summary: T h e r e will be seven stack levels with a book capacity of about two hundred thousand volumes. N U T E S OF T H E M E E T
    keywords: e r
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        item: #4873 of 5668
          id: crl-9968
      author: Esdaile, Arundell
       title: Bibliography and History
        date: 1942-08-31
       words: 5120
      flesch: 75
     summary: T h e books produced in western Germany betray scarcely a new idea for some decades after 1450, but then the new humanism appears at Leipzig, particularly in the writings of Conrad Celtes, w h o — to tell the truth—was a pedant, and at Basel, where the new learning appeared in force with Sebastian Brant's Ship of Fools and a little later with the scholarly work of Erasmus, in the years when he lived with and acted as corrector of the press for Froben. T h e r e is, of course, a simpler, I will not say a more practical, form of bibliography which is necessary to all scientific workers.
    keywords: h e; t h
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        item: #4874 of 5668
          id: crl-9969
      author: Kellar, Herbert A.
       title: American Reference Libraries in the Postwar Era
        date: 1942-08-31
       words: 5705
      flesch: 54
     summary: Effect of War T h e outbreak of the Second W o r l d W a r in September 1939 and our own entrance in December 1941 have further affected reference libraries in various ways. Reference libraries should make definite plans to carry out numerous activities with assistance of this type.
    keywords: libraries; library; t h
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        item: #4875 of 5668
          id: crl-9971
      author: Carlson, William H.
       title: Library Planning for the Postwar World
        date: 1942-08-31
       words: 3356
      flesch: 60
     summary: Detailed study of areas with and with- out public library service, including special attention to economic ability, educational levels, sparsity or density of population, and existing types of library service units. This would include special consideration of rural library service, with particular attention to those areas containing one third of the total popu- lation of the country, now entirely without public library service, as well as those areas with nominal, though inadequate, service, estimated to contain an additional one third of the entire population. 2.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #4876 of 5668
          id: crl-9972
      author: Carnovsky, Leon
       title: Self-Evaluation; or, How Good Is My Library?
        date: 1942-08-31
       words: 4391
      flesch: 65
     summary: In- stead, the requirement if given simply asks that evidence of library use be shown or that a record of library use be kept, or, most vague of all, that use by faculty and students be considered. Specifically library factors will operate in only a secondary capacity to affect the extent of library use and two of these have already been considered.
    keywords: library
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        item: #4877 of 5668
          id: crl-9973
      author: Redfield, Robert
       title: Research Materials in Middle American Ethnology, with Special Reference to Chicago Libraries
        date: 1942-08-31
       words: 9585
      flesch: 82
     summary: i e n c e U N F C a m b r i d g e , 1935 U N F ( 3 ) Ibero-Amerikanische Bibliographie, 1930.
    keywords: h e
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        item: #4878 of 5668
          id: crl-9974
      author: Signor, Nelle
       title: League of Nations Publication in the Present Emergency
        date: 1942-08-31
       words: 3782
      flesch: 59
     summary: It deals with the problems of war economy in the countries at war as well as the reverberations of the war throughout the world. N Drug Traffic A t meetings held in Geneva in M a y 1940 the three international organizations dealing with the drug traffic, namely, the Advisory Committee on Traffic in Opium and Dangerous Drugs, the Permanent Central Opium Board, and the D r u g Supervisory Body, decided to continue their technical work during the war, since past experience had shown that need for drug control increased rather than di- minished under war conditions.
    keywords: economic; h e; league; t h
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        item: #4879 of 5668
          id: crl-9995
      author: American Library Association, 
       title: News from the Field; The Encyclopaedia of Sports, Games, and Recreations; Association of College and Reference Libraries Publications Committee; Minutes of the Meeting of the A.C.R.L. Board of Directors at Milwaukee; Minutes of the Meetings of the Sections of A.C.R.L.; A.C.R.L. Committees 1942-43
        date: 1942-11-30
       words: 9521
      flesch: 85
     summary: o Public, Field M u s e u m , John C r e r a r , N e T h e r e is opportunity in a number of fields of the Association's activities for individual research and publication and there are also many desirable publication projects beyond individual resources which must necessarily be planned and carried out
    keywords: e l; e r; l l; r y
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        item: #4880 of 5668
          id: crl-9998
      author: Reece, Ernest J.
       title: College and University Library News, 1941-42
        date: 1943-02-28
       words: 5220
      flesch: 71
     summary: in New England held meetings looking to unified effort ;98 North Carolina, Duke, and Tulane pursued their concerted plan for acquiring Spanish-American materials ;99 North Carolina worked with the Library of Congress on legislative journals ;100 co­ ordination was being perfected in the Atlanta-Athens district in Georgia ;101 and theN ashville project was housed in the new Joint University Library building. Mrs. Byers' statement, then, should cer­ tainly influence our long-time planning, but Theodore Norton, librarian of Lafay­ ette College Library, in School and So­ ciety in 1936, under the title The College Library and College Teaching, has given us a sound recipe for immediate dividends from our efforts: Guarantee to the under­ graduate good teachers and the good teach­ ers will see that the undergraduates make effective use of the book collection.
    keywords: bull; c.&r.l; college; ibid; l.j; libraries; library; new; university
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        item: #4881 of 5668
          id: ital-10019
      author: Fifarek, Aimee
       title: President's Column: For The Record
        date: 2017-06-28
       words: 805
      flesch: 60
     summary: Next, we have a great new set of people coming in to lead LITA. JUNE 2017 1 This is my final column as LITA President.
    keywords: lita; president
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        item: #4882 of 5668
          id: ital-10022
      author: Ozeran, Megan
       title: Managing Metadata for Philatelic Materials
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 5080
      flesch: 40
     summary: This suggests that similarity of metadata across collections of the same type will improve users’ ability to conduct their research. To provide an additional way to browse the collection, a sidebar in each digital record shows where it exists in the hierarchy of collections and provides links to each broader collection of which the current record is a part.
    keywords: collections; materials; metadata; museum; philatelic; standards
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        item: #4883 of 5668
          id: ital-10044
      author: Dehmlow, Mark
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Developing Relentless Collaborations and Powerful Partnerships
        date: 2017-06-28
       words: 1703
      flesch: 38
     summary: In the last 5 years, our organizations have shifted their focus - the OIT from emphasizing centralized, administrative, enterprise computing to decentralized, academic, enterprise computing and the Libraries from doing everything in house to leveraging services for standardized services and focusing our staff’s time on initiatives where they can create the most value. I am certain that the impetus to collaborate stems from our professional service commitment - a values based system that at its core believes that the success of all helps the collective do their jobs better in the name of service to our patrons.
    keywords: libraries; oit
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        item: #4884 of 5668
          id: ital-10046
      author: Clossen, Amanda S.
       title: Trope or Trap? Role-Playing Narratives and Length in Instructional Video
        date: 2018-03-19
       words: 2830
      flesch: 55
     summary: The preferences for screencast over narrative video did not change when the demographics were spliced. These focused on video length, speaking pace, zoom functionality, and use of callouts.3 Martin and Martin’s extensive 2015 review covers content, compatibility, accessibility, and audio.4
    keywords: length; narrative; screencast; video
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        item: #4885 of 5668
          id: ital-10060
      author: Lou, Wen; Wang, Hui; He, Jiangen
       title: Of the People for the People: Digital Literature Resource Knowledge Recommendation Based on User Cognition
        date: 2018-09-26
       words: 6723
      flesch: 51
     summary: Understanding user cognition by analyzing user needs. Researchers have so far tried to identify user cognition processes by analyzing user needs.
    keywords: books; cognition; data; information; knowledge; relationship; system; user
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        item: #4886 of 5668
          id: ital-10067
      author: Marmion, Dan
       title: Editorial: How Do You Know Whence They Will Come?
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 951
      flesch: 61
     summary: Abstracted in Computer & Information Systems, Computing Reviews, Information Science Abstracts, Library & Information Science Abstracts, Referativnyi Zhurnal, Nauclmaya i Tekhnicheskaya Informatsiya, Otdyelnyi Vypusk, and Science Abstracts Publications. Dan Marmion (dmarmion@nd.edu) is Associate Director of Information Systems and Access at Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, Indiana.
    keywords: catalog; web
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        item: #4887 of 5668
          id: ital-10068
      author: Jankowska, Maria Anna; Jankowski, Piotr
       title: Is This a Geolibrary? A Case of the Idaho Geospatial Data Center
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 4753
      flesch: 55
     summary: The use of IGDC is evaluated from the perspective of access and demand for geographic data. The usage of IGDC is evaluated from the perspective of access and demand for geographic data.
    keywords: data; digital; geographic; geolibrary; idaho; information; map
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        item: #4888 of 5668
          id: ital-10069
      author: Kibirige, Harry M.; DePalo, Lisa
       title: The Internet as a Source of Academic Research Information: Findings of Two Pilot Studies
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 4553
      flesch: 55
     summary: A trait that most undergradu- ates exhibit in their information-seeking behavior is approaching the reference librarian for suggestions of leads to information sources needed for the term paper topic. I The Pilot Studies With the general information-seeking behavior of aca- demic users in mind, the researchers decided to investi- gate the use of search engines for information sources in the academe in the New York metropolitan area.
    keywords: engines; information; internet; search; users
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        item: #4889 of 5668
          id: ital-10070
      author: Su, Siew-Phek T.; Needamangala, Ashwin
       title: Harvesting Information from a Library Data Warehouse
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 7239
      flesch: 65
     summary: Appro ver_Id Text(20) Div_No te Text(20) System_Control _Num Text(S0) Vend_Inv _Num Text(20) Acr_Stat Text(20) Ord_Div Number Ord_div Number MidSpine Text(20) Process_Uni t Text(20) Process _Unit Text(20) Temp_Locatn Text(20) Bib_num Text(20) Bib_key Text(20)
    keywords: data; dlc; hull; library; query; text(20; titles; warehouse
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        item: #4890 of 5668
          id: ital-10071
      author: Soderdahl, Paul A.; Hughes, Carol Ann
       title: That's My Bailiwick: A Library-Sponsored Faculty Research Web Server
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 4302
      flesch: 50
     summary: Finally, since there is a close rela- tionship between the Information Arcade and the university libraries Web site, system administration and Web server support is all handled in- house as well. With the preva- lence of personal faculty home pages and course Web sites in just about every department on campus, it's not very hard for faculty to find a Web server somewhere for storing an HTML file.
    keywords: arcade; bailiwick; faculty; information; university; web
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        item: #4891 of 5668
          id: ital-10072
      author: Walter, Scottt
       title: Engelond: A Model for Faculty-Librarian Collaboration in the Information Age
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 6903
      flesch: 44
     summary: From the beginning, the librarian and the faculty member modeled an integrat- ed approach to the evaluation of information resources for their stu- dents; one that drew both on generic critical thinking skills and on specific examples of how such skills might be applied to resources in their field. Again, the librarian and the faculty member modeled for the students an approach to the critical evaluation of information resources that drew not only on the professional expertise of the librarian, but also on the scholar- ly expertise of the faculty member .
    keywords: faculty; information; library; literacy; resources; students; web
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        item: #4892 of 5668
          id: ital-10073
      author: Borin, Jacqueline
       title: Site License Initiatives in the United Kingdom: The PSLI and NESLI Experience
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 4074
      flesch: 52
     summary: Although it is an electronic initiative, proposals that include print will be considered, as it is still not easy to separate print and electronic materials.14 The initiative addresses the most effective use, access, and purchase of electronic journals in the academic library community. Additionally they will be look- ing at solutions for longer term archiving of electronic journals to provide a comfort level for librarians purchasing electronic only copies.16 Two offers that have been made under the NESLI umbrella so far are Blackwell Sciences for 130 electronic journals and Johns Hopkins Uni- versity Press for 46 electronic titles.
    keywords: access; electronic; information; journals; license; site
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        item: #4893 of 5668
          id: ital-10074
      author: England, Mark; Joseph, Lura; Schlect, Nem W.
       title: A Low-Cost Library Database Solution
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 3086
      flesch: 64
     summary: The Collective Bibliography of North Dakota Geology In 1996 a project was initiated to combine three bibliographies of North Dakota geology and to make the final product searchable and browsable on the Web. Scott, Annotated Bibliography of the Geology of North Dakota 1806-1959 North Dakota Geological Survey Miscellaneous Series, no. 49 .
    keywords: dakota; data; database; north; web
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        item: #4894 of 5668
          id: ital-10075
      author: Zhou, Jian-Zhong (Joe)
       title: The Internet, the World Wide Web, Library Web Browsers, and Library Web Servers
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 2333
      flesch: 63
     summary: According to the University of Delaware Library's 1998 survey of Internet Web servers among ARL member libraries, more than 32 per- cent of ARL libraries chose Apache as their Web server software, fol- lowed by the Netscape series at 29.32 percent, NCSA HTTPd at 11.28 per- cent, and Microsoft Internet Inform- ation Server (IIS) at 7.52 percent. er, HTTPd remains a popular choice for Web servers due to its small size, fast performance, and solid collec- tion of features .
    keywords: internet; server; web
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        item: #4895 of 5668
          id: ital-10076
      author: Marmion, Dan
       title: Pearls: Pixel Sizes for Web Pages
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 549
      flesch: 69
     summary: Monitor size in inches is different from monitor size in pixels , which is different from window size in pixels, which is d ifferent from the rendered size of a browser's default font. Outside of images, find ways to express measurements relative to window size (percentages) or relative to text size (ems).
    keywords: size
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        item: #4896 of 5668
          id: ital-10077
      author: Zillner, Tom
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 2433
      flesch: 57
     summary: The books I am reviewing this month are interrelated because they both focus on information technology and our changing world, with the two volumes looking at different levels of the picture. As Nardi and O'Day note, there is a ten- dency to either enthusiastically applaud new technology without regard to its effects, or to condemn all new technology as inherently debas- ing to humanity, or to simply resign oneself pessimistically to the inevitable development of technolo- gy and our lack of control over it.
    keywords: information; media; technology
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        item: #4897 of 5668
          id: ital-10078
      author: Helmer, John F.
       title: Editorial: I Inhaled
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 1242
      flesch: 50
     summary: 59 Editorial: I Inhaled T his editorial introduces the third special issue of Information Technology and Libraries dedicated to library consortia, and the second primarily aimed at surveying consortial activities outside the United States. Jim and I discussed these questions and speculated on future roles for library consortia and their impact on member libraries.
    keywords: consortia; editorial; library
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        item: #4898 of 5668
          id: ital-10079
      author: Krzyzanowski, Rosaly Favero; Taruhn, Rosane
       title: Electronic Library for Scientific Journals: Consortium Project in Brazil
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 3241
      flesch: 41
     summary: Using the ANSP Network, in addition to aug- menting and speeding up access to current scientific information in all the member institutions, will: • increase the cost-benefit per subscription; • promote the rational use of funds; • ensure continuous subscription to these periodicals; • increase the universe of publications available to users through collection sharing; • guarantee local storage of the information acquired and thus ensure the collection's mainte- nance and its continual use by present and future researchers; and • develop the technical capabilities of the personnel of the state of Sao Paulo institutions in operating and using electronic publication databases. Sao Paulo, 1998 (project presented to FAPESP-Fundac;ao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo).
    keywords: electronic; information; library; sao; scientific
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        item: #4899 of 5668
          id: ital-10080
      author: Dai, Longji; Chen, Ling; Zhang, Hongyang
       title: China Academic Library and Information System: An Academic Library Consortium in China
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 3072
      flesch: 51
     summary: It resembles multi- state consortia in the United States with respect to geo- graphic distribution of member libraries, but it is like tightly knit or even centrally funded statewide ones in terms of management.2 The CALIS members are distributed in twenty-seven provinces, cities, and autonomous regions in China, mak- ing an entirely centralized management difficult. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. in one of five general areas-humanities, social science, and science; engineering and technology; agriculture and forestry; medicine; and national defense-in coordina- tion with regional centers and member libraries.
    keywords: calis; center; information; libraries; library; member
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        item: #4900 of 5668
          id: ital-10081
      author: Bush, Carmel
       title: Prospector: A Multivendor, Multitype, and Multistate Western Union Catalog
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 9567
      flesch: 47
     summary: However, because of the large number of online library catalogs (too many Z39.50 targets cause broadcast searching to be slow) and 72 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY This number is expected to dramat- ically rise as the system grows and as local libraries pro- mote the service.
    keywords: catalog; colorado; libraries; library; local; prospector; record; system; task; union catalog
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        item: #4901 of 5668
          id: ital-10082
      author: Giordano, Tommaso
       title: Digital Resource Sharing and Library Consortia in Italy
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 4797
      flesch: 43
     summary: Sharing electronic resources is the theme of greatest interest today in university libraries, where various ini- tiatives are aimed at setting up consortia to purchase licenses and run digital products. Over and above the validity of the projects already carried out or under way (important as that is), this programme has been very valuable to Italian libraries in terms of exchanges of experience and of open- ing up professional horizons, especially as regards coop- eration practice.s Digital Cooperation Recently, following the expansion of electronic publish- ing, university libraries have been displaying renewed interest in cooperation activities with particular reference to acquiring licenses and sharing electronic resources.
    keywords: cooperation; electronic; information; italian; libraries; library; university
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        item: #4902 of 5668
          id: ital-10083
      author: Cutright, Patricia
       title: Consortia Building: A Handshake and a Smile, Island Style
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 4555
      flesch: 47
     summary: The 607 different islands, atolls, and islets dot an immense expanse of ocean; this geographic condition presents challenges in implementing and enhancing library services and technology. The FSM has now established six major goals to carry out its responsibilities and the need for overall improvement in and delivery of library services: 1.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; micronesia; services; training
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        item: #4903 of 5668
          id: ital-10084
      author: Barrionuevo, Miguel Duarte
       title: New Strategies in Library Services Organization: Consortia University Libraries in Spain
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 5164
      flesch: 42
     summary: Quality management, effectiveness and efficiency measuring, costs control, services assessment, and users content or analysis from the stakeholders' point of view are con- cepts that emerge in university libraries. In order to adjust to the circumstances, universities are changing their management procedures, and university libraries have been forced into managing their business accord- ing to managerial criteria.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; resources; services; university; university libraries
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        item: #4904 of 5668
          id: ital-10085
      author: Zillner, Tom; Morgan, Eric Lease
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 4602
      flesch: 62
     summary: but of course only six computer sci- ence researchers have actually expe- rienced the SnarfleTM interface, and it requires a $25,000 workstation and $10,000 in virtual reality gear to work, plus it is s-1-o-w. Pardon the sarcastic riff, but there is a lot of won- derful user interface work that is cer- tainly not finding its way onto mainstream computer users' desk- tops, or to the library or information center. Similarly, it seems, in the library and information world, at least in most people's routine interactions with OPACs and data- bases.
    keywords: gift; information; library; people; stephenson; world
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        item: #4905 of 5668
          id: ital-10086
      author: Yelton, Andromeda
       title: President's Message: 50 Years
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 593
      flesch: 55
     summary: In 1971-72, Jesse Shera, who in his wide-ranging career challenged librarians to think deeply about the epistemological and sociological dimensions of librarianship; ALA makes several awards in his name today. How many of us are still using punch cards today?
    keywords: lita
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        item: #4906 of 5668
          id: ital-10087
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Content and Functionality--Know When to Buy 'Em, Know When to Code 'Em
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 1598
      flesch: 43
     summary: Libraries are faced with an actual, rather than hypothetical, choice between building or buying fundamental user interfaces and systems As the internet has evolved, and coding has become more central to the skillset of many libraries, the capability of libraries to seriously consider building their own interfaces has grown. September_ITAL_varnum_final Editorial Board Thoughts: Content and Functionality: Know When to Buy ‘Em, Know When to Code ‘Em1 Kenneth J. Varnum2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND LIBRARIES | SEPTEMBER 2017 3 We in library technology live in interesting times, though not those of these apocryphal curse.
    keywords: library; user
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        item: #4907 of 5668
          id: ital-10113
      author: Buell, Jesi; Sandford, Mark
       title: From Dreamweaver to Drupal: A University Library Website Case Study
        date: 2018-06-18
       words: 4130
      flesch: 51
     summary: e. Begin transferring content from old website to new website and create new content with other stakeholders—to be completed by mid-summer (web librarian) 126 b. Prepare campus-wide email to announce new website and discovery layer with our new URL (associate director of library technology and digital initiatives and web librarian) 11.
    keywords: content; librarian; libraries; wdc; website
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        item: #4908 of 5668
          id: ital-10146
      author: Hart, Timothy Robert; de Vries, Denise
       title: Metadata Provenance and Vulnerability
        date: 2017-12-22
       words: 4333
      flesch: 51
     summary: The preservation of digital objects has become an urgent task in recent years as it has been realised that digital media have a short life span. Migration involves migrating digital objects to a different and currently supported file type.
    keywords: case; digital; file; metadata; preservation
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        item: #4909 of 5668
          id: ital-10160
      author: Howard, Heather A.; Huber, Sarah; Carter, Lisa V.; Moore, Elizabeth Anne
       title: Academic Libraries on Social Media: Finding the Students and the Information They Want
        date: 2018-03-19
       words: 4268
      flesch: 50
     summary: Library social media content by platform What type of content would you like to see from the library? Library social media presence.
    keywords: libraries; library; media; social
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        item: #4910 of 5668
          id: ital-10170
      author: Guo, Ya Jun; Liu, Yan Quan; Bielefield, Arlene
       title: The Provision of Mobile Services in US Urban Libraries
        date: 2018-06-18
       words: 5420
      flesch: 53
     summary: CONCLUSION This study shows that mobile services have become popular in US urban libraries as of summer 2017, with 95% offering one or more types of mobile service. As a result, libraries around the world are exploring and developing mobile services.
    keywords: apps; libraries; library; mobile; mobile services; services
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        item: #4911 of 5668
          id: ital-10177
      author: Sharma, Kumar; Marjit, Ujjal; Biswas, Utpal
       title: Efficiently Processing and Storing Library Linked Data using Apache Spark and Parquet
        date: 2018-09-26
       words: 8112
      flesch: 56
     summary: Apache Spark is used for parallel processing of large data sets and a column-oriented schema is proposed for storing RDF data. Given an existing RDF dataset, we designed a schema for storing RDF data using a column- oriented database.
    keywords: data; file; library; processing; query; rdf; spark; storage; web
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        item: #4912 of 5668
          id: ital-10181
      author: Khan, Muzammil; Rahman, Arif Ur
       title: A Systematic Approach Towards Web Preservation
        date: 2019-03-18
       words: 8997
      flesch: 40
     summary: Digital preservation is performed using the primary methods of emulation and migration, in which emulation provides the preserved digital objects in their original format while migration provide objects in a different format.4 In the last SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TOWARDS WEB PRESERVATION | KHAN AND UR The first SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TOWARDS WEB PRESERVATION | KHAN AND UR
    keywords: approach; archive; contents; digital; information; metadata; news; preservation; web; web archive; web preservation
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        item: #4913 of 5668
          id: ital-10191
      author: Galbreath, Blake Lee; Johnson, Corey; Hvizdak, Erin
       title: Primo New User Interface: Usability Testing and Local Customizations Implemented in Response
        date: 2018-06-18
       words: 9456
      flesch: 63
     summary: 18 Anne M. Pepitone, “A Tale of Two UIs: Usability Studies of Two Primo User Interfaces” (slideshow presentation, Primo Day 2017: In other areas, where the difference between the two interfaces was more pronounced, study participants experienced more difficulty.
    keywords: able; new; participant; primo; research; search; yes
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        item: #4914 of 5668
          id: ital-10208
      author: Godfrey, Bruce; Stoddart, Rick
       title: Managing In-Library Use Data: Putting a Web Geographic Information Systems Platform through its Paces
        date: 2018-06-18
       words: 5182
      flesch: 45
     summary: Mandel’s process demonstrated how a GIS could be utilized to visualize the use of library spaces for marketing materials and services as well as graphically depicting a library’s value. Fusing the capabilities of these new platforms with traditional observational methods of gathering data on how people are using library spaces extends the body of knowledge and offers interesting new opportunities for research such as cross-institutional comparisons.
    keywords: arcgis; data; gis; library; online; space; use
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        item: #4915 of 5668
          id: ital-10230
      author: Wilkinson, Jaci
       title: Accessible, Dynamic Web Content Using Instagram
        date: 2018-03-19
       words: 3631
      flesch: 45
     summary: This is tied to the high number of Instagram users who are college-age.15 The ASC Instagram account launched in January 2015, and staff quickly settled on the persona of “Banjo Cat” to share collection items and relevant history.
    keywords: content; instagram; library; media; social
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        item: #4916 of 5668
          id: ital-10237
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Letter from the Editor
        date: 2017-12-22
       words: 359
      flesch: 62
     summary: Originally published as the Journal of Library Automation, ITAL has a long history of tracking the rapid-fire changes in technology as it relates to libraries. Much as it has over the past 50 years, technology will continue to change not just the way libraries offer services to their communities, but the way we conceptualize what it is we do.
    keywords: technology
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        item: #4917 of 5668
          id: ital-10238
      author: Yelton, Andromeda
       title: President’s Message
        date: 2017-12-22
       words: 852
      flesch: 56
     summary: Ken’s distinguished record of LITA service includes stints on the ITAL Editorial Board and the LITA Board of Directors, so he knows the journal very well and I am enthusiastic about its future under his lead. Technology services are front-line services.
    keywords: data; library
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        item: #4918 of 5668
          id: ital-10239
      author: Dehmlow, Mark
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Reinvesting in Our Traditional Personnel Through Knowledge Sharing and Training
        date: 2017-12-22
       words: 1356
      flesch: 38
     summary: For decades, technologists have been in the privileged position of having the necessary skills to advance the profession’s digital future, but it will be important for technologists in libraries to integrate the many valuable skills other personnel can offer so that they also can evolve in ways that best support our organizations – leveraging foundational library skills to enhance overall organizational capacity to accomplish tasks that are increasingly requiring technical expertise. Technologists will need to be open to incorporating foundational library skills, to collaborating and learning from other library specialists, to thinking of their positions more broadly, and, for those who live in ivory towers (you know who you are), to eliminating the silos they’ve built and collaborate, cooperate, and engage.
    keywords: libraries; technology
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        item: #4919 of 5668
          id: ital-10240
      author: Willis, Samuel Kent; O'Reilly, Faye
       title: Enhancing Visibility of Vendor Accessibility Documentation
        date: 2018-09-26
       words: 6557
      flesch: 21
     summary: A main objective of this study was to determine a method of increasing the visibility of vendor accessibility documentation for the benefit of our users. Twelve of the remaining vendors responded to our email inquiries with VPATs and seven vendors responded with other accessibility documentation.
    keywords: accessibility; accessible; documentation; information; libraries; library; study; vendors
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        item: #4920 of 5668
          id: ital-10308
      author: Shen, Yaqi
       title: Library Space Information Model Based on GIS — A Case Study of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
        date: 2018-09-26
       words: 4030
      flesch: 52
     summary: This model will be expanded to the whole library, providing visual information of library books and materials. 7 Andrew Coyle, “Interior Library GIS,” Library
    keywords: book; gis; information; library; system
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        item: #4921 of 5668
          id: ital-10338
      author: Cyzyk, Mark
       title: ITAL Editorial Board Thoughts. Halfway Home: User Centered Design and Library Websites
        date: 2018-03-19
       words: 826
      flesch: 68
     summary: The fact that this need was missed through our focus on User Centered Design points to a blind spot in that process. And yet, don’t get me wrong: Insofar as it’s the empirical study of select user groups and their expressed concerns and needs, User Centered Design as a design technique and foundational principle is crucially important and useful.
    keywords: user
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        item: #4922 of 5668
          id: ital-10339
      author: Cyzyk, Mark
       title: Information Technology and Libraries at 50: The 1960's in Review
        date: 2018-03-19
       words: 617
      flesch: 52
     summary: Some titles of this second volume point to the wide range of technological projects underway in the library world in 1969: mailto:mcyzyk@jhu.edu THE 1960S IN REVIEW | CYZYK 7 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i1.10339 • “An Automated Music Programmer (MUSPROG)” by David F. Harrison and Randolph J. Herber • “A Fast Algorithm for Automatic Classification” by R. T. Dattola • “Simon Fraser University Computer Produced Map Catalogue” by Brian Phillips and Gary Rogers • “Management Planning for Library Systems Development” by Fred L. Bellomy • “Performance of Ruecking’s Word-compression Method When Applied to Machine Retrieval from a Library Catalog” by Ben-Ami Lipetz, Peter Stangl, and Kathryn F. Taylor This situation will change in time, but it seems safe to assume that automated library systems will continue to be characterized by instability and change for the next several years.
    keywords: library
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        item: #4923 of 5668
          id: ital-10357
      author: Ziegler, Scott; Shrake, Richard
       title: PAL: Toward a Recommendation System for Manuscripts
        date: 2018-09-26
       words: 4567
      flesch: 51
     summary: Upon signing in, a registered user sees a list of links (figure 2); each link leads to a full-page view of collection recommendations (figure 3). Ms.Coll.200 - Miscellaneous Manuscripts Collection … </callnumber> <count>92</count> We use JavaScript to determine the call number of the user’s current request and display the list of other collections that users who have requested the current collection have also requested.
    keywords: collection; xsl
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        item: #4924 of 5668
          id: ital-10386
      author: Yelton, Andromeda
       title: President's Message
        date: 2018-03-19
       words: 582
      flesch: 54
     summary: We also bring strong publications (like this very journal), marquee conference programs (like Top Tech Trends and the Imagineering panel), and a face-to-face conference. For instance, we’ve heard for years that you, LITA members, want more of a leadership training pathway, and more ways to stay involved with your LITA home as you move into management; alignment with LLAMA automatically opens up all kinds of possibilities.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #4925 of 5668
          id: ital-10388
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Letter from the Editor (March 2018)
        date: 2018-03-19
       words: 431
      flesch: 56
     summary: We seek to have an editorial board that represents the diversity of library technology practitioners, and particularly invite individuals from non-academic libraries and underrepresented demographic groups to apply. In an attempt to put today’s technology landscape in context, ITAL will publish a series of essays this year, each focusing on the highlights of a decade.
    keywords: journal
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        item: #4926 of 5668
          id: ital-10405
      author: Thomchick, Richard; San Nicolas-Rocca, Tonia
       title: Application Level Security in a Public Library: A Case Study
        date: 2018-12-17
       words: 5647
      flesch: 29
     summary: This report is intended to shed light on the state of HTTPS implementation in libraries, and to suggest ways in which libraries can evaluate and improve application security so that they can better protect the confidentiality of PII about library patrons. This report is intended to shed light on the state of HTTPS implementation in libraries, and to suggest ways in which libraries can evaluate and improve application security so that they can better protect the mailto:richardt@vmware.com mailto:tonia.sannicolas-rocca@sjsu.edu APPLICATION LEVEL SECURITY IN A PUBLIC LIBRARY |THOMCHICK AND SAN NICOLAS-ROCCA 108 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i4.10405 confidentiality of PII about library patrons.
    keywords: https; information; libraries; library; patron; privacy; security
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        item: #4927 of 5668
          id: ital-10407
      author: Kucera, Ann
       title: A Closer Look at User Centered Design
        date: 2018-06-18
       words: 362
      flesch: 59
     summary: User Centered Design is a set of tools to help us gather information about users and their needs. I would say your User Centered Design process is working quite well.
    keywords: design
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        item: #4928 of 5668
          id: ital-10432
      author: Ullah, Irfan; Khusro, Shah; Ullah, Asim; Naeem, Muhammad
       title: An Overview of the Current State of Linked and Open Data in Cataloging
        date: 2018-12-17
       words: 14765
      flesch: 30
     summary: Publishing Linked Bibliographic Metadata The University of Illinois Library worked on publishing MARC21 records of 30,000 digitized books as Linked Library Data by adding links, transforming them to LOD-friendly semantics (MODS) and deploying them as RDF with the objective to be used by a wider community.119 To them, using Semantic Web technologies, a book can be linked to related resources and multiple possible CURRENT STATE OF LINKED AND OPEN DATA IN CATALOGING | ULLAH, KHUSRO, ULLAH, AND NAEEM 60 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i4.10432 contexts, which is an opportunity for libraries to build innovative user-centered services for the dissemination and uses of bibliographic metadata.120 In this regard, the challenge is to utilize the existing book-related bibliographic maximally and descriptive metadata in a manner that parallels with the services (both inside the library and outside) as well as exploit to the fullest the full-text search and Semantic Web technologies, standards, and LOD services.121 While publishing the National Bibliographic Information as free open Linked Data, IFLA identifies several issues including:122 • dealing with the negative financial impact on the revenue generated from traditional metadata services; • the inability to offer consistent services due to the complexity of copyright and licensing frameworks; • the confusion in understanding the difference between “open” and “free” terms; • remodeling library data as Library Linked Data; • the limited persistence and sustainability of Linked Data resources; • the steep learning curve in understanding and applying Linked Data practices to library data; • making choices between sites to link to; and • creating persistent URIs for library data objects. These challenges include:129 • dealing with the bulky or non-available RDF dumps, no authority control within RDF dumps, and data format variations; • identifying terms’ specificity levels during concept matching; • the limited reusability of Library Linked Data due to lack of contextual data; • harmonizing classes and objects at the institution level; • excessive handcrafting due to few off-the-shelf visualization tools; • manual mapping of vocabularies; • matching, aligning, and disambiguating library and Linked Data; • the limited representation of several essential resources as Linked Data due to non- availability of URIs; • the lack of sufficient representative semantics for bibliographic data; • the time-consuming nature of Linked Data to understand its structure for reuse; • the ambiguity of terms across languages; and • the non-stability of endpoints and outdated datasets.
    keywords: bibframe; bibliographic metadata; cataloging; current; data; information; libraries; library; library data; library metadata; metadata; open data; quality; vocabularies; web
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        item: #4929 of 5668
          id: ital-10437
      author: Searle, Sam
       title: The Benefits of Enterprise Architecture for Library Technology Management: An Exploratory Case Study
        date: 2018-12-17
       words: 6933
      flesch: 36
     summary: In large organizations like universities, available enterprise systems can offer better functionality and more standardized ways of operating than library systems. The architects guided a group of librarians who use and support library systems through a process of mapping the types of data held against an existing list of enterprise data entities.
    keywords: architecture; data; enterprise; information; library; management; systems; technology; work
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        item: #4930 of 5668
          id: ital-10460
      author: Farnel, Sharon
       title: ITAL Editorial Board Thoughts: Events in the Life of ITAL
        date: 2018-06-18
       words: 988
      flesch: 52
     summary: The Event Data used for this analysis can be found at https://bit.ly/2KgDJcM. 1 Madeleine Watson, “Event Data: open for your interpretation,” Crossref Blog, February 25, 2016, https://www.crossref.org/blog/event-data-open-for-your-interpretation/. 2 Crossref, Event Data User Guide, https://www.eventdata.crossref.org/guide/. 3 OpenRefine, http://openrefine.org/. 4 Jay Sing, Navjit Brar and Carmen Fong, “The State of RFID Applications in Libraries,” Information Technology and Libraries 25 no. 1, 2006, https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v25i1.3326. Discovering User Expectations through Failure Analysis,” Information Technology and Libraries 35, no. 3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v35i3.9190. https://bit.ly/2KgDJcM https://www.crossref.org/blog/event-data-open-for-your-interpretation/ https://www.eventdata.crossref.org/guide/ http://openrefine.org/ https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v25i1.3326 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v6i1.5760 https://www.lens.org/ https://twitter.com/aarontay https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v35i3.9190 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2018 6 10 Shayna Pekala, “Privacy and User Experience in 21st Century Library Discovery,” Information Technology and Libraries 36, no. 2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v36i2.9817. 11 Mia Massicotte and Kathleen Botter, “Reference Rot in the Repository: A Case Study of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) in an Academic Library,” Information Technology and Libraries 36, no. 1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v36i1.9598. https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v36i2.9817 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v36i1.9598 References
    keywords: data; events
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        item: #4931 of 5668
          id: ital-10493
      author: Yelton, Andromeda
       title: President's Message
        date: 2018-06-18
       words: 474
      flesch: 71
     summary: In my second column, I talked about conferences where we come together today — LITA Forum 2017 and 2018 — and encounter the issues of today — Data for Black Lives. Early LITA hackers cobbling together the technologies of their age to make streamlined, inventive library services — just as LITA members do today.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #4932 of 5668
          id: ital-10494
      author: Shores, Sandra J
       title: Information Technology and Libraries at 50: The 1970s in Review
        date: 2018-06-18
       words: 1172
      flesch: 39
     summary: Early concerns in the decade focused on the rising costs of library services alongside the high price of computing. William Mathews provides an excellent article to read in anticipation of library technologies in the 1980s.
    keywords: automation; library
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        item: #4933 of 5668
          id: ital-10571
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Letter from the Editor (June 2018)
        date: 2018-06-18
       words: 567
      flesch: 61
     summary: Letter from the Editor Kenneth J. Varnum INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2018 1 In this June 2018 issue, we continue our celebration of ITAL’s 50th year with a summary by Editorial Board member Sandra Shores of the articles published in the 1970s, the journal’s first full decade of publication. • Kevin Ford (Art Institute of Chicago) • Cinthya Ippoliti (Oklahoma State University) • Ida Joiner (Independent Consultant) • Breanne Kirsch (University of South Carolina Upstate) • Michael Sauers (Do Space, Omaha, Nebraska)
    keywords: university
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        item: #4934 of 5668
          id: ital-10574
      author: Bengtson, Jason Alden; Coleman, Jason
       title: Taking the Long Way Around: Improving the Display of HathiTrust Records in Primo
        date: 2019-03-18
       words: 5502
      flesch: 48
     summary: Another problem with the “soft negative” was the fact that it asked users to click on the View-it tab, when many users simply chose to ignore the tabs and links in the search results, instead clicking on the article title, as found in a usability study on Primo conducted by the University of Houston Libraries.11 It is also worth noting the one survey respondent who is apparently not seeing an improvement in HathiTrust accuracy. As a result of these limitations, PNX records do not currently have a provision for harvesting and transferring rights information about HathiTrust holdings that the Kansas State University (KSU) Library system indexes through Primo.
    keywords: hathigenius; hathitrust; libraries; library; primo; state
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        item: #4935 of 5668
          id: ital-10592
      author: Mckee, Gabriel
       title: The Map as a Search Box: Using Linked Data to Create a Geographic Discovery System
        date: 2019-03-18
       words: 6415
      flesch: 37
     summary: Prior to this change in Pleiades, both URIs were applied to MARC records for items held by the ISAW Library, under the heading “Aegyptus.” From a linked-data standpoint, there is no real problem here: the URIs still link to resources describing different historical places called “Egypt,” including the coordinate data needed for ISAW’s collection maps. We quickly began looking for ways to automate the process of geolocation, and soon settled on using data from Pleiades to increase the efficiency of creating each map.25 We set our sights on MARC field 651 (Subject Added Entry-Geographic Name)
    keywords: data; geographic; library; map; marc; pleiades; records; uris
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        item: #4936 of 5668
          id: ital-10596
      author: Hoover, Jasmine
       title: Gaps in IT and Library Services at Small Academic Libraries in Canada
        date: 2018-12-17
       words: 4507
      flesch: 46
     summary: Common suggestions included library IT staff, having an IT help desk in the library, or a specific person in IT they could contact directly for help or who had shared responsibilities between IT and the library. Library staff deal with technology issues that come up daily, with several non-IT library staff members troubleshooting and solving various issues that arise.
    keywords: academic; libraries; library; services; technology
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        item: #4937 of 5668
          id: ital-10599
      author: Tešendić, Danijela; Boberić Krstićev, Danijela
       title: Business Intelligence in the Service of Libraries
        date: 2019-12-16
       words: 5438
      flesch: 44
     summary: Data warehouses are used as support for making business decisions.11 The data sources for a data warehouse can be diverse and may include transactional databases and different file formats. A similar approach has been used by Yang and Shieh, who started from the reports needed by public libraries in Taiwan and through an iterative methodological approach modeled a data warehouse that meets all their reporting requirements.15 Unlike the previously described articles where a demand-driven approach was used, we applied a hybrid approach to modeling data warehouse.
    keywords: data; library; model; reports; warehouse
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        item: #4938 of 5668
          id: ital-10603
      author: Guo, Jin Xiu
       title: Measuring Information System Project Success through a Software-Assisted Qualitative Content Analysis
        date: 2019-03-18
       words: 5826
      flesch: 34
     summary: More companies have conducted their innovation to gain business advantages through IS projects. However, the implementation of IS projects has not been successful as practitioners hoped.
    keywords: data; management; manager; process; project; project success; success
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        item: #4939 of 5668
          id: ital-10604
      author: Lewis, Colby Lil
       title: The Open Access Citation Advantage: Does It Exist and What Does It Mean for Libraries?
        date: 2018-09-26
       words: 6513
      flesch: 47
     summary: In a more recent study published in February 2018, Piwowar et al. examine the prevalence of OA and average relative citation (ARC) based on three sample groups of one hundred thousand articles each: “(1) all journal articles assigned a Crossref DOI, (2) recent journal articles indexed in Web of Science, and (3) articles viewed by users of Unpaywall, an open-source browser extension that lets users find OA articles using oaDOI.”16 Unlike the 1science study, Piwowar et al. had a twofold purpose: to examine the prevalence of OA articles available on the web and whether an OACA exists based on their sample findings.
    keywords: access; articles; oaca; open
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        item: #4940 of 5668
          id: ital-10702
      author: Dougan, Kirstin
       title: The “Black Box”: How Students Use a Single Search Box to Search for Music Materials
        date: 2018-12-17
       words: 10143
      flesch: 53
     summary: Many students exhibited persistence in their searching, but the selection of search terms, sometimes compounded by spelling problems or problems in search string structure, likely did not yield the most relevant results.3 Asher, Duke, and Wilson state in their study comparing student search strategies and success across a variety of library search tools and Google that there were “strong patterns in the way students approached searches no matter which tool they used. . . . “One lesson is that library search is about more than articles and the catalog.
    keywords: box; information; library; mpal; music; number; patrons; search; searches; searching; subject; use
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        item: #4941 of 5668
          id: ital-10703
      author: Kim, Bohyun
       title: President’s Message: Rebuilding Our Identity, Together
        date: 2018-09-26
       words: 1352
      flesch: 46
     summary: At the 2018 ALA Annual Conference in New Orleans, the three Boards of LITA, ALCTS, and LLAMA held a joint meeting open to members and non-members alike to solicit and share our collective thoughts, suggestions, concerns, and hopes about the potential three-division realignment. It is my pleasure to write this column to update all of you about the exciting discussion that is currently underway in LITA and two other ALA divisions, ALCTS (Association for Library Collections and Technical Services), and LLAMA (Library Leadership and Management Association).
    keywords: division; lita
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        item: #4942 of 5668
          id: ital-10714
      author: Ding, Yi
       title: Is Creative Commons a Panacea for Managing Digital Humanities Intellectual Property Rights?
        date: 2019-09-15
       words: 6950
      flesch: 22
     summary: A plan by Yahoo to begin selling prints of images uploaded to Flickr was met with anger by users, even though Yahoo only used photos with Creative Commons licenses that explicitly allowed commercial uses. 20 Phil Clapham, “Are Creative Commons Licenses Overly Permissive?
    keywords: cc licenses; commons; copyright; creative; creative commons; digital; licenses
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        item: #4943 of 5668
          id: ital-10738
      author: Costello, Eamon; Bolger, Richard; Soverino, Tiziana; Brown, Mark
       title: Determining Textbook Cost, Formats, and Licensing with Google Books API: A Case Study from an Open Textbook Project
        date: 2019-03-18
       words: 2910
      flesch: 55
     summary: Digital Formats and Public Domain License Figure 4 shows the numbers of PDF (1,219) and e-book (1,016) versions of books reported to be available. However, there is little known about the monetary face value of books that students are expected to buy, beyond studies based on self-reported data.
    keywords: books; google; open; textbooks
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        item: #4944 of 5668
          id: ital-10746
      author: Joiner, Ida Arlene
       title: Getting to Yes: Stakeholder Buy-In for Implementing Emerging Technologies in Your Library
        date: 2018-09-26
       words: 1008
      flesch: 64
     summary: I am very passionate about emerging technologies, how they are and will be used in libraries/ resource centers, and how librarians will be able to assist those who will be affected by these technologies. I recently published a book introducing emerging technologies in libraries.
    keywords: technology
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        item: #4945 of 5668
          id: ital-10747
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Letter from the Editor (September 2018)
        date: 2018-09-26
       words: 267
      flesch: 51
     summary: In addition to peer-reviewed articles on recommender systems, big data processing and storage, finding vendor accessibility documentation, using GIS to find specific books on a shelf, and a recommender system for archival manuscripts, we are also publishing the student paper by this year’s Ex Libris/LITA Student Writing Award, “The Open Access Citation Advantage: Does It Exist and What Does It Mean for Libraries?”, by Colby Lewis at the University of Michigan School of Information. Letter from the Editor Kenneth J. Varnum INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | SEPTEMBER 2018 1 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i3.10747 This September 2018 issue of ITAL continues our celebration of the journal’s 50 th anniversary with a column by former Editorial Board member Mark Dehmlow, who highlights the technological changes beginning to stir the library world in the 1980s.
    keywords: editor
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        item: #4946 of 5668
          id: ital-10749
      author: Dehmlow, Mark
       title: Information Technology and Libraries at 50: The 1980s in Review
        date: 2018-09-26
       words: 1902
      flesch: 43
     summary: The 1980s volumes of ITAL traversed a plethora of topics ranging from measuring system THE 1980S IN REVIEW | DEHMLOW 9 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i3.10749 performance (efficiency was important during a time when computing was relativ ely slow and expensive) to how to use library systems to provide data that can be used to make business decisions. The decade nicely traces the first two generations of library systems, starting with university-developed automation and database backed systems and the migration of many of those systems to vendors.
    keywords: libraries; library; technology
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        item: #4947 of 5668
          id: ital-10810
      author: Ippoliti, Cinthya
       title: Critical Technology
        date: 2018-12-17
       words: 1868
      flesch: 41
     summary: An approach in this instance might involve taking technology outside of library spaces such as on campus or within the community, offering as much for free as possible, and capitalizing on programs such as Girls Who Code (https://girlswhocode.com/) and Grow with Google (https://grow.google/). They suggest taking action by thinking about user privacy and ensuring that the information libraries are able to view, gather, and store is used ethically and that decisions for derivative services or actions are not made based on assumptions about gender identity, economic status, or other identifiers via access to these types of data.
    keywords: design; technology; users
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        item: #4948 of 5668
          id: ital-10821
      author: Bowers, Steven K.
       title: Information Technology and Libraries at 50: The 1990s in Review
        date: 2018-12-17
       words: 2851
      flesch: 47
     summary: Halcyon Enssle’s piece on moving reserves to online access opened with a great summary of where much of library access was headed: “The virtual library, libraries without walls, the invisible user . . . New network connectivity combined with new hardware led to new formats for library resources, specifically digital and electronic resources.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; technology
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        item: #4949 of 5668
          id: ital-10822
      author: Rubel, Dejah
       title: No Need to Ask
        date: 2019-06-17
       words: 5664
      flesch: 49
     summary: Generating and Managing Public and Private Keys All distributed ledger participants will need a public key or address for blocks of transactions to be sent to them and a private key for digital signatures. NO NEED TO ASK | RUBEL 8 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.10822 Bitcoin also includes a mechanism to ensure the average number of blocks solved per hour remains constant.
    keywords: block; blockchain; hash; metadata; nodes; record
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        item: #4950 of 5668
          id: ital-10844
      author: Rennick, Brian
       title: Library Services Navigation: Improving the Online User Experience
        date: 2019-03-18
       words: 4070
      flesch: 46
     summary: Where do services belong in a library website’s information architecture? Determining the one correct path is not easy because there are multiple valid ways to organize services into web pages.
    keywords: academic; information; library; search; services; web
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        item: #4951 of 5668
          id: ital-10850
      author: Kim, Bohyun
       title: President’s Message: Imagination and Structure in Times of Change
        date: 2018-12-17
       words: 1535
      flesch: 50
     summary: LITA and two other divisions have many talented and capable members who will be happy to lend a hand in developing new logistics. The Communications Working Group continues to engage members of all three divisions by sharing new updates and soliciting opinions and suggestions.
    keywords: division; new
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        item: #4952 of 5668
          id: ital-10852
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Letter from the Editor (December 2018)
        date: 2018-12-17
       words: 402
      flesch: 55
     summary: • Virtual and augmented reality • Artificial intelligence • Big data • Internet of things • 3-D printing and makerspaces • Robotics • Drones • Geographic information systems and mapping • Diversity, equity, and inclusion and technology • Privacy and cyber-security • Library analytics and data-driven services • Anything else related to public libraries and innovations in technology Columns will be in the 1,000-1,500 word range and may include illustrations. These will not be research articles, but are meant to share practical experience with technology development or uses within the library.
    keywords: technology
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        item: #4953 of 5668
          id: ital-10875
      author: Lund, Brady
       title: 50 Years of ITAL/JLA
        date: 2019-06-17
       words: 7523
      flesch: 36
     summary: 1968-77 2008-18 1 Library Science—Technology Information Science 2 Information Science Library Science—Technology 3 Library Science—Cataloging Information Systems 4 Library Science—General Computer Science 5 Computer Science Library Science—Cataloging 6 Government Instructional Design 7 Corporate Library Science—Accessibility 8 Library Science—Academic Library Science—Academic 9 Information Systems Library Science—Reference 10 Library Science—Special Library Science—Administration 11 Management Psychology 12 Linguistics Government 13 Electrical Engineering Library Science—General 14 Library Science—Medical Education 15 Popular Popular 16 Library Science—Accessibility Linguistics 26 Library Science—School Physics 27 Philosophy Health Science INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2019 31 1968-77 2008-18 28 Library Science—Administration Geography
    keywords: information; information science; ital; journal; libraries; library; library science; science; technology
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        item: #4954 of 5668
          id: ital-10886
      author: van Veen, Theo
       title: Wikidata
        date: 2019-06-17
       words: 3569
      flesch: 46
     summary: • Wikidata identifiers can be used for federated search based on properties in Wikidata, so there is less need to know how to access properties in other resource descriptions. • Wikidata identifiers facilitate generating “just in case” links to systems having the Wikidata identifier indexed.
    keywords: entity; identifier; information; wikidata
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        item: #4955 of 5668
          id: ital-10921
      author: Ozeran, Megan; Martin, Piper
       title: “Good Night, Good Day, Good Luck”
        date: 2019-06-17
       words: 4715
      flesch: 46
     summary: Topic 1 includes the following phrases: “interlibrary loan, lose chat, chat service, lower level, chat open, writer workshop, spring break, study room, call UGL, add chat.” Articles “Good Night, Good Day, Good Luck”: Applying Topic Modeling to Chat Reference Transcripts Megan Ozeran and Piper Martin INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
    keywords: chat; good; lda; library; reference; topic; words
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        item: #4956 of 5668
          id: ital-10973
      author: San Nicolas-Rocca, Tonia; Burkhard, Richard J
       title: Information Security in Libraries
        date: 2019-06-17
       words: 5671
      flesch: 27
     summary: The American Library Association (ALA) affirms the ethical imperative to provide unrestricted access to information and to guard against impediments to open inquiry.2 Further, in all areas of librarianship, best practice leaves the library user in control of as many choices as possible.3 In a library, the right to privacy is the right to open inquiry without having the subject of one’s interest examined or scrutinized by others.4 Many library resources require the use of a library card. In response, the ALA developed a policy concerning the confidentiality of PII about library users.5 Confidentiality extends to “information sought or received and resources consulted, borrowed, acquired or transmitted,” and includes, but is not limited to, database search records, reference interviews, circulation records, interlibrary loan records, and other personally identifiable uses of library materials, facilities, or services.6 In more recent years, the ALA has further specified that the right of patrons to privacy applies to any information that can link “choices of taste, interest, or research with an individual.”7
    keywords: cybersecurity; information; knowledge; library; security
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        item: #4957 of 5668
          id: ital-10974
      author: Finley, Thomas K
       title: The Democratization of Artificial Intelligence: One Library’s Approach
        date: 2019-03-18
       words: 2202
      flesch: 52
     summary: Search engine companies like Google have been using AI to suggest or produce results faster for longer than anyone outside of the company really knew until recently.2 According to a recent study by Northeastern University and Gallup, 85% of Americans are already using AI products.3 The true revelation behind these recent technological developments may not be the fact that AI is already embedded into the fabric of our modern lives. As Google’s former Chief Scientist of AI and Machine Learning, Fei-Fei Li, said in 2017, “The next step for AI must be democratization, lowering the barriers of entry, and making it available to the largest possible community of developers, users and enterprises.
    keywords: artificial; intelligence; kits
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        item: #4958 of 5668
          id: ital-10977
      author: Conrad, Suzanna; Stevens, Christy
       title: “Am I on the library website?”
        date: 2019-09-15
       words: 13423
      flesch: 53
     summary: If research guides are more clearly aligned with specific research assignments in specific courses , and if faculty members instruct their students to consult library research guides and integrate LibGuides and other library resources into learning management systems, perhaps use and return on investment would improve. Search terms students chose were far too general for them to complete the task successfully.
    keywords: libguides; library; research; search; students; task; testing; usability; version; website
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        item: #4959 of 5668
          id: ital-10979
      author: Ford, Kevin M
       title: Who Will Use This and Why? User Stories and Use Cases
        date: 2019-03-18
       words: 1287
      flesch: 64
     summary: Not because I didn’t believe in user stories and use cases – quite the contrary, I’ve always believed in the importance and utility of them – but because of a book I was assigned during graduate coursework for my LIS degree and my initial reaction. Yes, the driver coming up to the stop sign on my right is going to stop, but I take my foot off the gas and position it over the brake just in case.
    keywords: use; user
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        item: #4960 of 5668
          id: ital-10980
      author: Kim, Bohyun
       title: LITA President’s Message: Updates from the 2019 ALA Midwinter Meeting
        date: 2019-03-18
       words: 1441
      flesch: 42
     summary: First, as many of you know, the potential merger of LITA with ALCTS and LLAMA has been temporarily put on hold, due to an initial timeline that was rather ambitious and the lack of time required to deliberate on and resolve some issues in the transition plan to meet that timeline.1 These updates were also shared at the LITA Town Hall during the Midwinter Meeting, where many LITA members spent time discussing topics such as the draft mission and vision statements for the new division, what makes people feel at home in a division, in which areas LITA should re- double its focus, and which activities LITA may be able to set aside without losing its identity. It was also pointed out that the virtual format may provide an opportunity for LITA to experiment with different and more unconventional conference program formats, which could be a welcoming change to LITA members.
    keywords: forum; lita
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        item: #4961 of 5668
          id: ital-10992
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Letter from the Editor (March 2019)
        date: 2019-03-18
       words: 336
      flesch: 41
     summary: Articles in this issue cover the topics: improving sitewide navigation; improving the display of HathiTrust records in Primo; using linked data to create a geographic discovery system; measuring information system project success; a systematic approach towards web preservation; and determining textbook cost, formats and licensing. The first column, “The Democratization of Artificial Intelligence: One Library’s Approach,” by Thomas Finley of the Frisco (Texas) Public Library, discusses how his library has developed a teaching and technology lending program around artificial intelligence, creating kits that community members can take home and use to explore artificial intelligence through a practical, hands-on, approach.
    keywords: technology
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        item: #4962 of 5668
          id: ital-11007
      author: Sanchez, Lotta; DeLooper, John P
       title: Creating and Deploying USB Port Covers at Hudson County Community College
        date: 2019-09-15
       words: 3146
      flesch: 47
     summary: During this meeting, the idea of finding port covers for the dongles arose, and one of the library’s technology associates suggested using the library’s 3D printer to create a cover that inserts into one Type A USB port and would cover the dongle in the adjacent slot. A Thingiverse search found several varieties of port covers, but each was designed solely to occupy a port in order to prevent dust or corrosion, not to cover or hide dongles or other peripherals.
    keywords: covers; library; port; technology
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        item: #4963 of 5668
          id: ital-11009
      author: Schultz, Teresa Auch; Azadbakht, Elena; Bull, Jonathan; Bucy, Rosalind; Floyd, Jeremy
       title: Assessing the Effectiveness of Open Access Finding Tools
        date: 2019-09-15
       words: 3870
      flesch: 43
     summary: Emery used the tool as the first step to identify OA article versions and then searched individual institutional repositories, followed by Google Scholar as the final steps.20 Emery found that 22 percent of the study sample was available as green OA but did not say what portion of that was found by the Open Access Button. The open access (OA) movement seeks to ensure that scholarly knowledge is available to anyone with internet access, but being available for free online is of little use if people cannot find open versions.
    keywords: access; google; open; scholar; tools
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        item: #4964 of 5668
          id: ital-11015
      author: McDonald, Courtney; Burkhardt, Heidi
       title: Library-Authored Web Content and the Need for Content Strategy
        date: 2019-09-15
       words: 6432
      flesch: 37
     summary: Today, however, information is available to more people in more forms and through more channels than ever before, making content strategies a necessity for organizations rather than an afterthought.48 Jones and Farrington posited a common refrain for stating the importance of content strategy for librarianship: “Library website content must be viewed in much the same way as a physical collection” and the “library website, to apply S. R. Ranganathan’s Fifth Law, is a growing organism and must be treated as such, especially with the complexity of web content.”49 LIBRARY-AUTHORED WEB CONTENT AND THE NEED FOR CONTENT STRATEGY | MCDONALD AND BURKHARDT 17 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i3.11015 In order for libraries to meet the ever-increasing demands on our resources to produce timely, user-centered content that advances our missions for supporting teaching, research, and learning, a cultural shift toward a more collective, collaborative model of web content management and governance is necessary.
    keywords: content; content management; content strategy; library; management; strategy; web; web content
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        item: #4965 of 5668
          id: ital-11018
      author: Han, Sharon
       title: Weathering the Twitter Storm
        date: 2019-06-17
       words: 4866
      flesch: 32
     summary: This paper explores the role of social media and its impact on public library services in response to Hurricane Sandy as a measure of libraries using digital mediums to support their communities. In addition to assessing damages to buildings and collections, libraries must also meet the needs of its community.
    keywords: disaster; information; libraries; library; media; social
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        item: #4966 of 5668
          id: ital-11075
      author: Cook, Matt ; Lischer-Katz, Zack; Hall, Nathan; Hardesty, Juliet;  Johnson, Jennifer;  McDonald, Robert; Carlisle, Tara
       title: Challenges and Strategies for Educational Virtual Reality
        date: 2019-12-16
       words: 12723
      flesch: 29
     summary: Academic libraries are increasingly adopting VR technology for a variety of research and teaching purposes, which include providing enhanced access to digital collections, offering new research tools, and constructing new immersive learning environments for students. Participants from the University of Oklahoma discussed their work hosting multi-campus VR walkthroughs of 3D scans of historic sites (e.g., the arches of Palmyra, Syria), which offered an evocative example of how libraries can simultaneously provide access to technology, create and curate collections of scholarly 3D-scan data, and present expert- led events.46 This shows how libraries hosting VR technologies can both be technological and intellectual partners in presenting 3D content to library patrons.
    keywords: academic; challenges; content; forum; institutions; libraries; library; participants; public; reality; research; technology; virtual
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        item: #4967 of 5668
          id: ital-11077
      author: Ibacache, Kathia
       title: Use of Language-Learning Apps as a Tool for Foreign Language Acquisition by Academic Libraries Employees
        date: 2019-09-15
       words: 4307
      flesch: 41
     summary: This finding reveals that foreign language plays a significant role in academic library work. Since the respondents fulfilled different responsibilities at their library work, one may deduce that foreign language is utilized in a variety of settings other than strictly desk tasks.
    keywords: apps; foreign; language; learning; respondents
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        item: #4968 of 5668
          id: ital-11091
      author: Ippoliti, Cinthya
       title: Digital Faculty Development
        date: 2019-06-17
       words: 1160
      flesch: 33
     summary: Finally, in a recent posting on the Open Oregon blog, Silvia Lin Hanick and Amy Hofer discuss how open pedagogy can also influence how librarians interact with faculty and students. IPPOLITI 6 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.11091 bringing students together in a similar fashion even if they are not teaching exclusively online, but especially if they are.5 Open pedagogy can accomplish this in a variety of ways.
    keywords: development; faculty
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        item: #4969 of 5668
          id: ital-11093
      author: Kim, Bohyun
       title: Moving Forward with LITA
        date: 2019-06-17
       words: 1238
      flesch: 43
     summary: 20190615 11093 galley LITA President’s Message Moving Forward with LITA Bohyun Kim INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2019 2 Bohyun Kim (bohyun.kim.ois@gmail.com) is LITA President 2018-19 and Chief Technology Officer & Associate Professor, University of Rhode Island Libraries, Kingston, RI. First of all, I am excited to report that the merger planning of LITA, ALCTS, and LLAMA is back on track.
    keywords: alcts; lita
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        item: #4970 of 5668
          id: ital-11101
      author: Wittmann, Rachel; Neatrour, Anna; Cummings, Rebekah; Myntti, Jeremy
       title: From Digital Library to Open Datasets
        date: 2019-12-16
       words: 5588
      flesch: 31
     summary: Always Already Computational and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation’s Collections as Data: Part to Whole seek to address this problem by setting standards and best practices for turning digital collections into datasets amenable to computational use and novel research methods.6 The University of Utah J. Willard Marriott Library has a long-running digital library program and a burgeoning digital scholarship center creating a moment of synergy for librarians in digital collections and digital scholarship to explore collaboration in teaching, outreach, and digital collection development. “Collections as data” is a growing movement to extend the research value of digital collections beyond traditional use and to give researchers more flexible access to our collections by facilitating access to the underlying data, thereby enabling digital humanities research.1 Collections as data is predicated upon the convergence of two scholarly trends happening in parallel over the past several decades.2 First, as mentioned above, librarians and archivists have digitized a significant portion of their special collections, giving access to unique material that researchers previously had to travel across the country or globe to study.
    keywords: collections; data; digital; digital library; library; metadata; utah
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        item: #4971 of 5668
          id: ital-11141
      author: Davis, Jeffrey
       title: Online Ticketed-Passes
        date: 2019-06-17
       words: 1622
      flesch: 46
     summary: As the New York Daily News wrote in their lede: “It’s hard to believe nobody thought of it sooner: A New York City library card can now get you into 33 museums free.” Libraries had thought of it sooner, of course. Museum pass programs in libraries began at least as early as 1995 at Boston Public Library and the online ticketed model in 2011 at Contra Costa (CA) County Library.
    keywords: libraries; library; pass
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        item: #4972 of 5668
          id: ital-11169
      author: Lierman, Ashley; Scott, Bethany; Warren, Mea; Turner, Cherie
       title: Testing for Transition
        date: 2019-12-16
       words: 9320
      flesch: 59
     summary: Face-to-Face Testing: Subject Guides In subject guide testing, we found overwhelmingly that users both valued and made use of link and box descriptions within guides, using them throughout the navigation process as sources of additional information. These findings support those of many prior authors regarding the importance of including clear descriptions with key words that users readily understand.20 Many of our results from subject guide testing not only ran counter to our expectations, but challenged the assumptions on which we had based our questioning.
    keywords: face; guides; information; research; resources; tasks; testing; users
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        item: #4973 of 5668
          id: ital-11241
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Letter from the Editor (June 2019)
        date: 2019-06-17
       words: 481
      flesch: 46
     summary: • “Information Security in Libraries: Examining the Effects of Knowledge Transfer,” by Tonia San Nicolas-Rocca and Richard J Burkhard, investigating the importance of knowledge transfer across an organization to enhance information security behaviors. Our helpful and supportive partners at Boston College, where Information Technologies and Libraries is archived, have updated the journal’s content management system to the current version of Open Journal Systems.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #4974 of 5668
          id: ital-11251
      author: Bauder, Julia
       title: HathiTrust as a Data Source for Researching Early Nineteenth-Century Library Collections
        date: 2019-12-16
       words: 4798
      flesch: 52
     summary: BAUDER 15 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i4.11251 popular and/or widely available until well after their official publication date, and that some prolific authors who contributed hundreds of thousands of words to the Google Books corpus were never as widely purchased and read as authors who wrote a single, short, best-selling work.3 Although using books held by a set of libraries at a given time as the corpus has its own problems of unrepresentativeness—particularly, for long-established libraries, the fact that the books on the shelf at a given time represent not only works of interest to current users but also those of interest to users from decades past—triangulating this data with that provided by the Google Books Ngram data would at least give some sense of whether and where these different corpora disagree.4 Creating corpora using books that are known to have been owned by a given library at a given point in time is potentially feasible because digitized records of the books in several hundred nineteenth-century library collections are available in the form of scanned book catalogs: a book or pamphlet listing all of the books available in a particular library. By the end of the nineteenth century, book catalogs had largely been replaced by the card catalog system that remained in use through most of the twentieth century.
    keywords: books; catalogs; hathitrust; library; library company
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        item: #4975 of 5668
          id: ital-11273
      author: Kovalcik, Justin; Villalobos, Mike
       title: Automated Storage & Retrieval System
        date: 2019-12-16
       words: 5730
      flesch: 49
     summary: Divided into two phases, the server software upgrade was completed in May 2017 followed by the hardware upgrade in January 2019.8 LITERATURE REVIEW The continued growth of student, faculty, and academic programs along with evolving expectations and needs since the late 1980s has required the library to analyze library services and examine the building’s physical space and storage capacity. In addition to management activities like weeding, other solutions such as offsite storage and compact shelving rose in popularity as a method to create library space in the absence o
    keywords: items; library; materials; retrieval; storage; system
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        item: #4976 of 5668
          id: ital-11369
      author: Frost, Megan; Goates, Michael C; Cheng, Sarah; Johnston, Jed
       title: Virtual Reality
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 3669
      flesch: 41
     summary: In order to do this effectively, our first objective is to determine which VR services will be of most benefit to our patrons. This survey is also intended to help other libraries that are developing VR services and potentially developers INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
    keywords: libraries; library; reality; virtual
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        item: #4977 of 5668
          id: ital-11519
      author: Sherriff, Graham; DeSanto, Dan; Benson, Daisy; Atwood, Gary S.
       title: Meeting Users Where They Are
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 4028
      flesch: 50
     summary: MEETING USERS WHERE THEY ARE | SHERRIFF, DESANTO, BENSON, AND ATWOOD 4 The Educational Services Working Group quickly determined that library content included in the portal should be designed to conform with the principle of priority-based selectivity employed across the portal as a whole. Wireframe for library content.
    keywords: campus; content; libraries; library; portal
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        item: #4978 of 5668
          id: ital-11571
      author: Lamanna, Thomas
       title: On Educating Patrons On Privacy And Maximizing Library Resources
        date: 2019-09-15
       words: 1800
      flesch: 46
     summary: The list of services libraries provide is extensive and comprehensive, although unfortunately, there are significant gaps in what our services can offer, particularly those regarding technology advancement and patron privacy. Therefore, all library staff should both understand the fundamental reasons behind library privacy policies and be trained in maintaining them.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #4979 of 5668
          id: ital-11577
      author: Yang, Wenfan; Zhao, Bin; Liu, Yan Quan; Bielefield, Arlene
       title: Are Ivy League Libraries’ Websites ADA Compliant?
        date: 2020-06-11
       words: 5713
      flesch: 54
     summary: 8 While quite a few research studies focus on library website accessibility rather than the university websites, the conclusions diverge. Students with low vision found many of the pages hard to use even though they were validated.15 Outcomes of all the research revealed that most university library websites have developed a policy on website accessibility, but the policies of most universities had deficiencies.16 Library staff INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
    keywords: homepages; ivy; june; league; library; university
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        item: #4980 of 5668
          id: ital-11581
      author: Jaffy, Marc
       title: Bento Box User Experience Study at Franklin University
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 6875
      flesch: 61
     summary: BENTO BOX USER EXPERIENCE STUDY AT FRANKLIN UNIVERSITY | JAFFY 16 Please answer the following questions about your experience and preferences when searching for information on library websites: 1) Which library’s search did you prefer: a) Franklin University Library b) Wayne State University Library 2) Why did you prefer the type of search you picked in the answer to question 1? 3) For Franklin University’s search results: a) ”10 Figure 2, the University of Michigan’s bento-box results page, illustrates how a bento box provides search results from a variety of resources in visually discrete boxes.
    keywords: bento; box; library; search; university
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        item: #4981 of 5668
          id: ital-11585
      author: Wetherington, Corey; Wagner, Scott
       title: A Comprehensive Approach to Algorithmic Machine Sorting of Library of Congress Call Numbers
        date: 2019-12-16
       words: 6254
      flesch: 46
     summary: Furthermore, the lack of uniformity or regularity in the format of call number strings poses various practical obstacles for machine sorting. This paper details an approach for accurately machine sorting Library of Congress (LC) call numbers which improves considerably upon other methods reviewed.
    keywords: classification; cutter; library; numbers; sorting; string
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        item: #4982 of 5668
          id: ital-11607
      author: Blessinger, Kelly; Comeaux, David
       title: User Experience with a New Public Interface for an Integrated Library System
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 8550
      flesch: 54
     summary: This program gives library users the option of completing user testing in lieu of some or all of their library fines (up to $10 per user test). The user tests highlighted how many problems LSU library users are having signing on to the system to utilize the user-enablement tools.
    keywords: catalog; information; interface; library; new; participants; search; user
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        item: #4983 of 5668
          id: ital-11627
      author: Morton-Owens, Emily
       title: Sustaining LITA
        date: 2019-09-15
       words: 1102
      flesch: 45
     summary: At the ALA level, the Steering Committee on Organizational Effectiveness (SCOE) is also looking at ways to streamline the association’s structure and make it more approachable and welcoming to new members. The staff will also be freed up to invest more effort in member engagement.
    keywords: future; lita
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        item: #4984 of 5668
          id: ital-11631
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Letter from the Editor (September 2019)
        date: 2019-09-15
       words: 382
      flesch: 37
     summary: • Jon Goddard (North Shore Public Library) • Soo-yeon Hwang (Sam Houston State University) • Holli Kubly (Syracuse University) • Brady Lund (Emporia State University) • Paul Swanson (Minitex)
    keywords: library
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        item: #4985 of 5668
          id: ital-11723
      author: Sample, Angela
       title: Using Augmented and Virtual Reality in Information Literacy Instruction to Reduce Library Anxiety in Nontraditional and International Students
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 9928
      flesch: 45
     summary: In her work, Kuhlthau identified six stages of information seeking in INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES MARCH 2020 USING AUGMENTED AND VIRTUAL REALITY IN INFORMATION LITERACY INSTRUCTION | SAMPLE 3 which students may experience library anxiety: task initiation, topic selection, prefocus exploration, focus formulation, information collection, and search closure.13 In Blundell’s presentation of her theoretical model of the academic information search process (AISP) of undergraduate Millennial students (figure 1), she described the varying levels of anxiety students may feel throughout this process depending upon their success at finding needed information.14 Anxiety at Stage 2: Development/Refinement “ranges from mild to extreme, depending on the success of the student’s AISP in finding information The Library is innovating online tutorials targeted for nontraditional and international graduate students with various combinations of AVMR, with the goal to diminish library anxiety.
    keywords: barriers; information; library; library anxiety; onwuegbuzie; responses; students; survey; virtual
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        item: #4986 of 5668
          id: ital-11787
      author: Young, Scott W. H.; Chao, Zoe; Chandler, Adam
       title: User Experience Methods and Maturity in Academic Libraries
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 10618
      flesch: 40
     summary: The authors conclude by offering a library-focused maturity scale with recommended practices for advancing UX maturity in academic libraries. However, there has been a lack of empirical data showing the extent of UX methods in use or state of UX maturity in libraries.
    keywords: academic libraries; experience; libraries; library; maturity; methods; stage; user
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        item: #4987 of 5668
          id: ital-11811
      author: Singh, Neeraj Kumar
       title: Near-field Communication (NFC)
        date: 2020-06-11
       words: 5826
      flesch: 43
     summary: The aim of this paper is to explore NFC technology and its applications in modern era. NFC technology has added security features that make it much more secure than the previously popular RFID equivalent and it is difficult to steal information stored in it.
    keywords: communication; field; libraries; library; near; nfc; rfid; technology
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        item: #4988 of 5668
          id: ital-11837
      author: Maistrovskaya, Mariya; Wang, Rachel
       title: Creating and Managing a Repository of Past Exam Papers
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 2586
      flesch: 53
     summary: An alternative approach to exam collection would be an opt-in model where faculty choose to submit exam questions on their own schedule. Opt-In versus Opt-Out Approach Where exam collection is driven centrally by a registrar’s office, for example, that office may require that all past exams be made available to students.
    keywords: exams; repository; utl
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        item: #4989 of 5668
          id: ital-11847
      author: Kirsch, Breanne
       title: Virtual Reality
        date: 2019-12-16
       words: 1135
      flesch: 59
     summary: Since there were so many programs about virtual reality at EDUCAUSE, I wanted to share a little of what I learned including how some higher education institutions are creating VR content, using pre-created content, and VR in libraries. Creating VR content using tools such as Unity can be difficult and time-consuming.
    keywords: virtual
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        item: #4990 of 5668
          id: ital-11859
      author: O'Hara, Gayle; Lapworth, Emily; Lampert, Cory
       title: Cultivating Digitization Competencies
        date: 2020-12-21
       words: 14500
      flesch: 30
     summary: There are many reasons for engaging in digitization projects and creating digital collections, including providing increased access to unique collections, preserving fragile records, raising the global profile of the institution, meeting user demand, and supporting the teaching, learning, and research needs of host institutions. From the perspective of librarians and archivists, digitization of special collections and archives materials involves more than just reformatting analog materials into a digital format (this article uses the term “digitization” to refer to the entire lifecycle of digitization projects involving special collections and archives materials, from planning to preservation).
    keywords: collections; competencies; competency; digital; digitization; digitization competencies; digitization projects; grant; information; learning; libraries; materials; metadata; project
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        item: #4991 of 5668
          id: ital-11863
      author: Murray, Jennifer; Feinberg, Daniel
       title: Collaboration and Integration
        date: 2020-06-11
       words: 5782
      flesch: 53
     summary: In effect, more time was spent with students to guide them to library resources such as programmatic or course specific Springshare hosted LibGuides (also known as library guides), or the library homepage. After researching options, the library recommended creating access to library resources and services using a Springshare LTI Tool for library guides, which CIRT agreed to.
    keywords: canvas; integration; learning; library; students
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        item: #4992 of 5668
          id: ital-11877
      author: Markman, Chris; Hess, M; Lou, Dan; Nguyen, Anh
       title: VR Hackfest
        date: 2019-12-16
       words: 1771
      flesch: 59
     summary: We were not only working with open source tools and highlighting new technologies, but also building an experience for workshop attendees and showcasing their work to thousands of people. Future Work Our immediate plans include re-use of the exhibit frame for future public technology showcases and offering another round of VR Hackfest workshops, perhaps in a smaller group so participants have the chance to view their work while wearing a VR headset.
    keywords: technology; web
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        item: #4993 of 5668
          id: ital-11883
      author: Fu, Meng-Hsuan
       title: Integrated Technologies of Blockchain and Biometrics Based on Wireless Sensor Network for Library Management
        date: 2020-09-21
       words: 5352
      flesch: 42
     summary: Although the IoT and wireless networks have been well developed, people still own many different RFID-embedded cards, such as public transportation cards, credit cards, student cards, medical cards, identification cards, membership cards, or library cards. Those who have library cards but have forgotten to bring them can apply for a temporary library card to enter the library, but this is limited to three times.9
    keywords: blockchain; borrowing; information; library; technologies; technology
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        item: #4994 of 5668
          id: ital-11905
      author: Morton-Owens, Emily
       title: Joining Together
        date: 2019-12-16
       words: 873
      flesch: 61
     summary: This has inspired me to reflect on how LITA has always taken a broad and inclusive view of what library technology work is and can be in the future. In LITA’s events and meetings, we consistently see different facets of library technology work reflected.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #4995 of 5668
          id: ital-11923
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Letter from the Editor (December 2019)
        date: 2019-12-16
       words: 337
      flesch: 42
     summary: I returned to my regular job with a newfound appreciation for how much the issues I spend so much of my professional time on—information access, equity, user experience, and the like—are universal. The experience reinforces the importance of important open access publications such as Information Technology and Libraries.
    keywords: experience
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        item: #4996 of 5668
          id: ital-11937
      author: Valenti, Sandra; Lund, Brady; Wang, Ting
       title: Virtual Reality as a Tool for Student Orientation in Distance Education Programs
        date: 2020-06-11
       words: 4789
      flesch: 45
     summary: There was some indication that participants would be willing to use VR for student orientation again, as both groups responded favorably to the idea that VR orientation information is appropriate and negatively to the idea that it would be better to get information from other sources. The majority of students also indicated a willingness to use VR technology for learning for long periods of time (25 minutes or more).
    keywords: information; orientation; reality; technology; virtual
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        item: #4997 of 5668
          id: ital-11977
      author: Willis, Samuel Kent; O'Reilly, Faye
       title: Filling the Gap in Database Usability
        date: 2020-12-21
       words: 9531
      flesch: 46
     summary: This study made use of the ARG (Appendix A) for both VPAT accuracy analysis, and overall testing of database accessibility. Finally, the goal of the project was to identify trends in database accessibility and usability for persons with disabilities, comparing major database providers with smaller vendors.
    keywords: accessibility; databases; december; gap; information; libraries; online; percent; research; technology; text; usability
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        item: #4998 of 5668
          id: ital-12035
      author: Panescu, Adrian-Tudor; Grosu, Teodora-Elena; Manta, Vasile
       title: Stateful Library Analysis and Migration System (SLAM)
        date: 2021-12-20
       words: 5565
      flesch: 36
     summary: Ideally, migrations would also be an opportunity to curate and enrich the existing corpus by consolidating and correcting bibliographic records. 3. Fault tolerance: The system should implement fault tolerance mechanisms at all levels, allowing it to run migrations of large corpora with minimal supervision and, at the same time, implement sufficient logging and exception handling to allow operators to identify and correct potential issues.
    keywords: information; metadata; migration; records; repository; slam
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        item: #4999 of 5668
          id: ital-12039
      author: Thomas, Camille; Vardeman, Kimberly; Wu, Jingjing
       title: User Experience Testing in the Open Textbook Adaptation Workflow
        date: 2021-03-11
       words: 7729
      flesch: 39
     summary: This study examines user experience testing as a method to improve OER interfaces, learning experience, and accessibility during the OER production process using Pressbooks at a large research university. The e-book or e-textbook applications usability evaluation methods and results can be borrowed when understanding OER user needs.
    keywords: experience; libraries; oer; open; open textbook; testing; textbook; user; user experience; workflow
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        item: #5000 of 5668
          id: ital-12041
      author: Azadbakht, Elena; Schultz, Teresa
       title: At the Click of a Button
        date: 2020-06-11
       words: 6286
      flesch: 56
     summary: Participants familiar with other browser extensions gravitated towards tools like Open Access Button, whereas those less experienced with other extensions preferred tools that load automatically, such as Unpaywall. ABSTRACT A number of browser extension tools have emerged in the past decade aimed at helping information seekers find open versions of scholarly articles when they hit a paywall, including Open Access Button, Lazy Scholar, Kopernio, and Unpaywall.
    keywords: access; button; faculty; open; participants; tools
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        item: #5001 of 5668
          id: ital-12053
      author: Borrego, Ángel
       title: Measuring the Impact of Digital Heritage Collections Using Google Scholar
        date: 2020-06-11
       words: 3934
      flesch: 43
     summary: As a result, the population of citing documents for the second part of the analysis on cited MDC collections was reduced to 274 documents. To what extent are MDC collections being used in the creation of scholarly outputs?
    keywords: collections; digital; impact; mdc
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        item: #5002 of 5668
          id: ital-12067
      author: Willis, Laurie
       title: Tackling the Big Projects
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 1327
      flesch: 70
     summary: • Predictability—The vendor has completed many similar projects so they had a solid idea what to expect and how long it would take. Cost The cost of hiring a vendor initially seems steep, but staff time is also expensive.
    keywords: vendor
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        item: #5003 of 5668
          id: ital-12089
      author: Knox, Sheryl; Smiley, Trenton
       title: Google Us!
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 1716
      flesch: 67
     summary: While the library has used Google Ads for the sharing of video, we had not done much with keyword advertising. In Google Ads, Koios created 14 catalog campaigns out of the roughly 250,000 titles we sent them.
    keywords: google
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        item: #5004 of 5668
          id: ital-12105
      author: Morton-Owens, Emily
       title: A Framework for Member Success
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 1344
      flesch: 49
     summary: While ALA and LITA have specific audiences of library workers and technologists, we have a lot in common with other membership organizations. But for new members looking for a foothold, or library workers who don’t see themselves in our association, our organization may look like a barrier.
    keywords: lita; members
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        item: #5005 of 5668
          id: ital-12123
      author: Vargas Ochoa, Isabel
       title: Navigation Design and Library Terminology
        date: 2020-12-21
       words: 5304
      flesch: 61
     summary: Website usability studies are meant to test the website, although participants may unconsciously believe they are being tested. This study chose a user-centered approach because of the library's desire to collect data and feedback from student users.
    keywords: design; library; navigation; students
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        item: #5006 of 5668
          id: ital-12137
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Letter from the Editor
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 341
      flesch: 60
     summary: That has been our core competency, born of a time when technology was the new thing in libraries. Core brings together the practitioners and technologies that make libraries run, and combines them with the library leadership areas that many of us aspire to, or end up taking on, as our careers develop.
    keywords: core
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        item: #5007 of 5668
          id: ital-12163
      author: Hyams, Rebecca
       title: Tending to an Overgrown Garden
        date: 2020-12-21
       words: 5057
      flesch: 59
     summary: • Guides to be “merged:” While merging guides is not actually possible in the LibGuides platform, there were cases where we had two or three for the same course. Infographics, videos, and long blocks of links or text were scrutinized to determine if they were helping to enhance students’ understanding of the core content or if they were merely providing clutter that would make it more difficult to understand the important information.9 In some cases, by going from guide to guide, it became apparent that there were guides for multiple courses in a subject area where the resources were basically identical.
    keywords: content; guides; libguides; library; list
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        item: #5008 of 5668
          id: ital-12175
      author: Jiang, Yiping; Chi, Xiaobo; Lou, Yan; Zuo, Lihua; Chu, Yeqi; Zhuge, Qingyi
       title: Peer Reading Promotion in University Libraries
        date: 2021-03-11
       words: 6300
      flesch: 41
     summary: Therefore, libraries should recognize this, recruit influential readers for reading promotion, and utilize the influence of peer social networks to spread information related to the promotion of reading. ABSTRACT University libraries use social networks to promote reading; however, there are challenges to increasing the use of these library platforms, such as poor promotion and low reader participation.
    keywords: information; libraries; peer; promotion; readers; reading; social; university; university libraries
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        item: #5009 of 5668
          id: ital-12191
      author: Smith, Drew; Cook, Meghan L.; Torrence, Matt
       title: Making Disciplinary Research Audible
        date: 2020-09-21
       words: 5058
      flesch: 46
     summary: • Work with media staff to design marketing, including podcast title (avoiding duplication with other podcasts) and logo development. There have been a small number of the quantitative elements of podcast use in academic libraries.
    keywords: academic; earth; libraries; library; podcast; research
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        item: #5010 of 5668
          id: ital-12197
      author: Veve, Marielle
       title: Using the Harvesting Method to Submit ETDs into ProQuest
        date: 2020-09-21
       words: 4364
      flesch: 53
     summary: LITERATURE REVIEW Currently, there are three options to submit ETDs into ProQuest: (1) submission through the ProQuest ETD Administrator tool, (2) submission via File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and (3) submission through harvests performed by ProQuest.3 ProQuest ETD Administrator Submission Option In this option, a proprietary submission tool called ProQuest ETD Administrator is used by students, or assigned administrators, to upload ETDs into ProQuest.
    keywords: etds; harvesting; method; proquest
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        item: #5011 of 5668
          id: ital-12207
      author: Friedenthal, Melody
       title: Intro to Coding Using Python at the Worcester Public Library
        date: 2020-06-11
       words: 1662
      flesch: 73
     summary: Since CA’s classes are MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), the developers built in an automated way of correcting student code: embedded behind each web page of the course, there’s code that examines the student’s code and decides whether it is acceptable or not. Cover: course name, dates we meet, time class starts and ends, location, instructor’s name, manual version number, and a place for the student to write their own name.
    keywords: class; python
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        item: #5012 of 5668
          id: ital-12209
      author: Reed, Karen; Miller, A
       title: Applying Gamification to the Library Orientation
        date: 2020-09-21
       words: 9033
      flesch: 45
     summary: These groups were invited to participate in the gamified experience called LibGO (short for library game orientation). As MTSU librarians, the authors felt strongly that library orientations were important to everyone at the university so that they might make optimal use of the library’s offerings.
    keywords: game; gamification; groups; libgo; libraries; library; library orientation; orientation; students
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        item: #5013 of 5668
          id: ital-12211
      author: Doney, Jylisa; Wikle, Olivia; Martinez, Jessica
       title: Likes, Comments, Views
        date: 2020-09-21
       words: 5653
      flesch: 37
     summary: Additionally, collecting Instagram posts shared during an expanded timeframe could allow researchers to explore whether library Instagram accounts consistently share the same types of content at various points throughout the year. The results of this study indicate that libraries should seek to create Instagram posts that include various types of content while also ensuring that the content shared reflects their unique campus contexts.
    keywords: comments; instagram; libraries; library; likes; posts
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        item: #5014 of 5668
          id: ital-12219
      author: Quintel, Denise; Wilson, Robert
       title: Analytics and Privacy
        date: 2020-09-21
       words: 4704
      flesch: 39
     summary: Google Analytics offers the same service, as long as it is implemented by the user through a browser extension.20 IP anonymization and data deletion are all features that Matomo users can adjust easily from the dashboard, whereas Google Analytics users will need to make those adjustments programmatically. Converting Web Site Usage Statistics into Concrete Site Improvement Ideas,” Journal of Web Librarianship 4, no. 1 (2010): 37–54, https://doi.org/10.1080/19322900903547414; Steven J. Turner, “Website Statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to Measure Library Website Effectiveness,” Technical Services Quarterly 27, no. 3 (2010): 261–78, https://doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910; Gail Herrera, “Measuring Link-Resolver Success: Comparing 360 Link with a Local Implementation of WebBridge,” Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship 23, no. 4 (2011): 379–88, https://doi.org/10.1080/1941126X.2011.627809; Wayne Loftus, “Demonstrating Success: Web Analytics and Continuous Improvement,” Journal of Web Librarianship 6, no. 1 (2012): 45–50, https://doi.org/10.1080/19322909.2012.651416; Tabatha A. Farney, “Click Analytics: Visualizing Website Use Data,” Information Technology & Libraries 30, no. 3 (2011): 141–8, https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v30i3.1771. 4 Patrick O’Brien et al., “Protecting Privacy on the Web: A Study of HTTPS and Google Analytics Implementation in Academic Library Websites,” Online Information Review 42, no. 6 (2018): 734–51, https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-02-2018-0056. 5 Junior Tidal, “Using Web Analytics for Mobile Interface Development,” Journal of Web Librarianship 7, no. 4 (2013): 451–64, http://doi.org/10.1080/19322909.2013.835218; Ramiro Federico Uviña, “Bibliotecas Y Analítica Web: Una Cuestión De Privacidad = Libraries and Web Analytics: A Privacy Matter,” Información, Cultura Y Sociedad
    keywords: analytics; data; google; libraries; matomo; privacy; user
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        item: #5015 of 5668
          id: ital-12235
      author: Grabus, Sam
       title: Evaluating the Impact of the Long-S upon 18th-Century Encyclopedia Britannica Automatic Subject Metadata Generation Results
        date: 2020-09-21
       words: 4744
      flesch: 45
     summary: 10 Karen Attar, “S and Long S, in Oxford Companion to the Book, eds. Number of automatic subject indexing terms that are omitted when the Long-S is not corrected to a standard < s > as compared by encyclopedia entry word count.
    keywords: automatic; long; results; terms
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        item: #5016 of 5668
          id: ital-12325
      author: Fayyaz, Nosheen; Khusro, Shah; Ullah, Shakir
       title: Accessibility of Tables in PDF Documents
        date: 2021-09-20
       words: 9861
      flesch: 41
     summary: To fill this gap in the literature, this review paper reports on the current state of the accessibility of PDF documents, digital libraries, assistive technologies, tools, and frameworks that make PDF tables comprehensible and accessible to blind and visually impaired people. This paper highlights the significance of the rich semantics of PDF tables and the challenges in their interpretation and their presentation to blind and visually impaired people.
    keywords: accessibility; data; digital; documents; information; libraries; pdf; pdf documents; tables; text
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        item: #5017 of 5668
          id: ital-12341
      author: Gonzales, Sara; Carson, Matthew B.; Viger, Guillaume; O'Keefe, Lisa; Allen, Norrina B.; Ferrie, Joseph P.; Holmes, Kristi
       title: User Testing with Microinteractions
        date: 2021-03-11
       words: 6342
      flesch: 33
     summary: Designing for user behaviors was the goal of Galter Library’s repository development team as we launched a round of user testing of the repository’s alph a version in Fall 2019. To acquire microinteraction data, Galter Library’s data librarian designed and organized a round of user testing of the alpha release of the repository in autumn 2019.
    keywords: data; information; microinteractions; record; repository; testers; testing; user
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        item: #5018 of 5668
          id: ital-12363
      author: Sweeney, Miriam; Davis, Emma
       title: Alexa, Are You Listening? 
        date: 2021-01-04
       words: 9234
      flesch: 47
     summary: SWEENEY AND DAVIS 7 Are libraries educating library patrons about voice assistant technologies as a part of services and programming? Are libraries educating library patrons about voice assistant technologies as a part of services and programming?
    keywords: assistants; data; information; libraries; library; privacy; technologies; use; voice
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        item: #5019 of 5668
          id: ital-12367
      author: Ford, Kevin M
       title: Seeing through Vocabularies
        date: 2020-06-11
       words: 2684
      flesch: 50
     summary: Ontologies and vocabularies are common when working with RDF (Resource Description Framework), a very simple data model in which information is expressed as a series of triple statements, each consisting of three parts: a subject, a predicate, and an object. The types of ontologies and vocabularies referred to here are in fact defined using RDF—Thing A is a Class and Thing Z is a Property.
    keywords: ontology; rdf; vocabularies
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        item: #5020 of 5668
          id: ital-12383
      author: Morton-Owens, Emily
       title: Facing What’s Next, Together
        date: 2020-06-11
       words: 755
      flesch: 50
     summary: When I wrote my March editorial, I was optimistically picturing some of the changes that we are now seeing for LITA—while being scarcely able to imagine how the world and our profession would need to adapt quickly to the impacts on library services as a result of COVID-19. Sometimes the expense of library technologies feels heavy, but these tools have the ability to scale services in crucial ways—making them available to more people at the same time, available to people who can only take advantage after hours, available across distances.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5021 of 5668
          id: ital-12391
      author: McAndrew, Chuck
       title: LibraryVPN
        date: 2020-06-11
       words: 1417
      flesch: 61
     summary: LibraryVPN is a new project that is pushing library services outside of the library to where the library is. This grant was to develop integrations between LEAP’s existing VPN solution and integrated library systems using SIP2 which will allow library patrons to sign in to LibraryVPN using their library card.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #5022 of 5668
          id: ital-12405
      author: Varnum, Ken
       title: Letter from the Editor
        date: 2020-06-12
       words: 388
      flesch: 66
     summary: The other is the centuries-long festering disease of racial injustice, discrimination, and inequality that typifies (particularly, but not uniquely) American society. At the same time, a blank page can be liberating at a time when so much of our social, professional, and personal lives needs to be reconceptualized and reactivated in new, healthier , more respectful and inclusive ways.
    keywords: blank
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        item: #5023 of 5668
          id: ital-12453
      author: McDonald, Courtney; Burkhardt, Heidi
       title: Web Content Strategy in Practice within Academic Libraries
        date: 2021-03-11
       words: 13324
      flesch: 48
     summary: WITHIN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES | MCDONALD AND BURKHARDT 6 METHODS Following review and approval by the researchers’ institutional review boards, a web-based survey collecting information about existing workflows for web content, basic organizational information, and familiarity with concepts related to web content strategy was distributed to 208 professionals in April 2020. # full-time employees Demographic 41 4 CMS products used Infrastructure/ Organizational Structure 41 5 Primary CMS Infrastructure/ Organizational Structure 39 6 Number of site editors Infrastructure/ Organizational Structure 39 7 Describe responsibility for content Infrastructure/ Organizational Structure 39 8 Existence of position(s) with primary duties of web content Infrastructure/ Organizational Structure 39 9 Titles of such positions, if any Infrastructure/ Organizational Structure 24 10 Familiar with web content strategy Content Strategy Practices 36 11 Definition of web content strategy Content Strategy Practices 32 12 Policies or documentation Content Strategy Practices 35 13 Methods Content Strategy Practices 37 14 Willing to be contacted — 37 15 Name — 27 16 Email — 26 The survey included 16 questions; question topics and response counts are noted in table 2.
    keywords: academic libraries; arl; content; content strategy; group; information; libraries march; libraries |; library; mcdonald; oberlin; practice; research; web content
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        item: #5024 of 5668
          id: ital-12457
      author: Zharinov, Serhii
       title: The Role of the Library in the Digital Economy 
        date: 2020-12-21
       words: 7791
      flesch: 20
     summary: One of the first steps in the process of transition to the digital economy is the establishment of digital information and communication infrastructure. After all, it is not about the development of IT companies, but about the consumption of services or goods they provide—online commerce, e-government, etc.—using digital information technology.
    keywords: data; development; digital economy; digital transformation; information; libraries; library; management; research; role; scientific
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        item: #5025 of 5668
          id: ital-12483
      author: Mertoğlu, Uğur; Genç, Burkay
       title: Automated Fake News Detection in the Age of Digital Libraries
        date: 2020-12-21
       words: 7496
      flesch: 50
     summary: AUTOMATED FAKE NEWS DETECTION IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES | MERTOĞLU AND GENÇ 4 (International Federation of Library Associations) infographic which contains eight steps to spot fake news. AUTOMATED FAKE NEWS DETECTION IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES | MERTOĞLU AND GENÇ 15 Every ADS in GLIS_1.0 framework may use its own way to detect fake news.
    keywords: detection; digital; digital libraries; fake; fake news; features; information; libraries; news; news detection
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        item: #5026 of 5668
          id: ital-12529
      author: Formanek, Matus
       title: Solving SEO Issues in DSpace-based Digital Repositories
        date: 2021-03-11
       words: 11574
      flesch: 53
     summary: Next, we present a case study of our own institution’s DSpace repository, performing several SEO tests and identifying the potential SEO issues through a group of three independent audit tools. The Tomcat webserver (which is an essential website component for DSpace repositories) allows turning on GZIP compression and so -called JavaScript minification.
    keywords: digital; dspace; information; issues; repositories; search; seo; seo issues; test; tools; website
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        item: #5027 of 5668
          id: ital-12553
      author: Han, Yan; Rychlik, Marek
       title: Development of a Gold-standard Pashto Dataset and a Segmentation App
        date: 2021-03-11
       words: 6145
      flesch: 50
     summary: To ensure that the dataset has the gold-standard one-to-one mapping of a line image to a line text, the Ph.D. student keyed in Pashto texts line by line by viewing every individual line image. Peshawar campus has been working on Pashto OCR since 2006, and its research has created a Pashto image-to-ligature dataset titled FAST-NU dataset, containing 4,000 images of 1,000 unique ligatures in a variety of font sizes.9
    keywords: app; dataset; information; line; ocr; pashto; segmentation; writing
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        item: #5028 of 5668
          id: ital-12589
      author: Jayakanth, Francis; Byrappa, Anand; Visvanathan, Raja
       title: Off-campus Access to Licensed Online Resources through Shibboleth
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3678
      flesch: 45
     summary: In this paper, authors share their experience in setting up a Shibboleth-based single sign-on (SSO) access management system at the JRD Tata Memorial Library, Indian Institute of Science, to enable authorized users of the institute to seamlessly access licensed online resources from off-campus locations. Allowing or denying access to online resources based on a user’s IP address was simple, it worked, and, in the absence of practical alternatives, it became the universal means of authentication for gaining access to licensed library content.1 To facilitate seamless access to licensed online resources from off-campus sites, libraries have been using various technologies including proxy server or VPN server or remote desktop gateway or federated identity management or a combination of the said technologies.
    keywords: access; campus; licensed; resources
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        item: #5029 of 5668
          id: ital-12593
      author: Krahmer, Ana; Douglas, Laura
       title: A Collaborative Approach to Newspaper Preservation
        date: 2020-09-21
       words: 2170
      flesch: 54
     summary: In her work, she regularly assists patrons with newspaper research questions specifically related to Denton newspapers. One major research resource is the archival collection of local newspapers, mainly the DRC, maintained on 752 rolls of microfilm containing issues from 1908 to 2018.
    keywords: grant; newspaper; project
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        item: #5030 of 5668
          id: ital-12619
      author: Ayre, Lori Bowen
       title: What More Can We Do to Address Broadband Inequity and Digital Poverty?
        date: 2020-09-21
       words: 2584
      flesch: 32
     summary: According to BroadbandNow, the number of people who lack broadband Internet access could be as high as 42 million.6 The FCC reports that at least “18 million people lacked access to broadband Internet at the end of 2018.”7 Even if all the libraries were open and circulating hundreds of Wi-Fi hotspots, we’d still have a very serious access problem. Surry County, Virginia, expects to extend broadband access to 6,700 households through a first-ever partnership between a utility (Dominion Energy Virginia) and an electric cooperative (Dominion Energy).
    keywords: broadband; community; libraries; library
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        item: #5031 of 5668
          id: ital-12629
      author: Connell, Ruth Sara; Wallis, Lisa; Comeaux, David
       title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Use of Academic Library Resources
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 7771
      flesch: 48
     summary: These will be called the COVID 2019 and COVID 2020 time frames (or COVID time frames collectively). Figures 2, 4, and 6 illustrate the percentage of differences in COVID time frames from determined baselines.
    keywords: covid; covid-19; frame; libraries; library; resources; time; use
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        item: #5032 of 5668
          id: ital-12637
      author: Howard, Mary
       title: Harnessing the Power of OrCam
        date: 2020-09-21
       words: 1160
      flesch: 64
     summary: The interesting aspect of this is we now have to take our technology profile even further by offering remote training to prospective OrCam users. OrCam also has a vast array of instructional videos that we will have cued up for users.
    keywords: library; orcam
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        item: #5033 of 5668
          id: ital-12647
      author: Paskali, Ljubomir; Ivanovic, Lidija; Kapitsaki, Georgia; Ivanovic, Dragan; Dimic Surla, Bojana; Surla, Dusan
       title: Personalization of Search Results Representation of a Digital Library
        date: 2021-03-11
       words: 9314
      flesch: 39
     summary: Users have the ability to provide their feedback on the visualization of the search results, therefore indicating if they prefer a textual or new visual results representation (by changing search results representation style). The improvement of the user experience with the digital library of the University of Novi Sad dissertations (PHD UNS) through the personalization of search results representation is the aim of the research presented in this paper.
    keywords: ivanovic; library; phd; representation; representation style; results representation; search results; surla; uns; users
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        item: #5034 of 5668
          id: ital-12687
      author: Weinraub Lajoie, Evviva
       title: In the Middle of Difficulty Lies Opportunity
        date: 2020-09-21
       words: 896
      flesch: 63
     summary: While my approximately 2-month term as President may be the shortest in LITA history, it has been filled with meetings, reports, protests, and preparations for our metamorphosis into Core. I spend a lot of time thinking and worrying about what their impact will be on our work and our institutions, how it impacts me and the people I work with personally, and what role Core may play for many of us in the future.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5035 of 5668
          id: ital-12691
      author: Varnum, Ken
       title: Letter from the Editor
        date: 2020-09-21
       words: 385
      flesch: 49
     summary: Julia Bauder, the Chair of this year’s selection committee (I was also a member, as ITAL editor) said, “This valuable work of original research helps to quantify the scope of a problem that is of interest not only in the field of library and information science, but that also, as Grabus notes in her conclusion, could affect research in fields from the digital humanities to the sciences.” I am pleased that this issue includes the 2020 LITA/Ex Libris Student Writing Award winning article, Evaluating the Impact of the Long-S upon 18th-Century Encyclopedia Britannica Automatic Subject Metadata Generation Results, by Sam Grabus of Drexel University.
    keywords: september
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        item: #5036 of 5668
          id: ital-12751
      author: Ibacache, Kathia; Rybin Koob, Amanda; Vance, Eric
       title: Emergency Remote Library Instruction and Tech Tools
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 10874
      flesch: 43
     summary: This study will deliver and discuss findings from the survey as well as make recommendations toward best practices for utilizing technology tools and assessing them for equity and student engagement. EMERGENCY REMOTE LIBRARY INSTRUCTION AND TECH TOOLS | IBACACHE, RYBIN KOOB, AND VANCE 2 and technology tools that could be used to facilitate library instruction during emergency remote teaching.
    keywords: emergency; instruction; library; library instruction; remote; respondents; students; technology; technology tools; tools
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        item: #5037 of 5668
          id: ital-12835
      author: Galbreath, Blake Lee; Merrill, Alex; Johnson, Corey
       title: A Framework for Measuring Relevancy in Discovery Environments
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 7397
      flesch: 49
     summary: The assessment of newspaper articles also proved to be problematic, given their proclivity to inundate Primo search results with numerous and recent documents. Library discovery environments often present thousands, if not millions, of search results from an initial search query.
    keywords: discovery; framework; libraries; primo; query; relevancy; results; search
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        item: #5038 of 5668
          id: ital-12847
      author: Goddard, Jon
       title: Public Libraries Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic, Creating a New Service Model
        date: 2020-12-21
       words: 1658
      flesch: 49
     summary: Program attendance has increased and several Zoom meeting rooms have been maxed out.10 Through the lockdown, library patrons have been exercising, listening to concerts, taking virtual vacations, learning new skills, cooking, playing games, and reducing stress. Both librarians and those who provide library programs to the public had to quickly adjust to the virtual world in which we were suddenly living.
    keywords: libraries; library; public
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        item: #5039 of 5668
          id: ital-12857
      author: Hall, Jessica
       title: Journey with Veterans
        date: 2020-12-21
       words: 1405
      flesch: 68
     summary: The workshop she had taken described a program which utilized Google Expeditions to take seniors on virtual tours. The Journey with Veterans program took the technology to the veterans instead of requiring them to come into the library.
    keywords: program
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        item: #5040 of 5668
          id: ital-12915
      author: Ellern, Gillian (Jill) D; Cruz, Laura
       title: Black, White, and Grey
        date: 2021-12-20
       words: 9251
      flesch: 42
     summary: 2. How have you/your library navigated one of the following grey areas (drawn from working with VR in libraries) where a situation is ill-defined or not readily conforming to a category or an existing set of rules or policies? The respondents framed their role in supporting the wickedness of VR/XR in three basic ways: library as gateway, library as learning partner, and library as maker.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; problems; research; role; technology; virtual; wicked
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        item: #5041 of 5668
          id: ital-12959
      author: Bianchini, Carlo; Bargioni, Stefano; Pellizzari di San Girolamo, Camillo Carlo
       title: Beyond VIAF
        date: 2021-06-17
       words: 12392
      flesch: 38
     summary: 20 Feature VIAF Wikidata ● Dates, genre, bibliographic references from sources, xlinks, etc. ● Properties are unchangeable ● All statements admit references, which are strongly recommended in some cases ● Unavailable properties can be freely added through a process of property proposal64 Data. Feature VIAF Wikidata ● Allow to create and maintain on Toolforge free tools—e.g., Mix’n’match—to ingest external identifiers71 ● Manage library, bibliographic, and non-library and non-bibliographic linked data ● Publish and diffuse Wikidata IDs and data Organizational model ● OCLC service, guided by VIAF Council of participating institutions ● Hierarchical, top-down ● Membership on request and subordinated to approval ● Largely limited to national bibliographic agencies ● Wikimedia project ● Distributed, bottom-up ● Everyone can take part in the project72 ● Open to any bibliographic or non- bibliographic institution (national, large, medium, and small) System.
    keywords: authority; bibliographic; clusters; ids; information; items; libraries; national; sources; table; viaf; viaf clusters; wikidata
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        item: #5042 of 5668
          id: ital-12963
      author: Ridley, Michael; Pawlick-Potts, Danica
       title: Algorithmic Literacy and the Role for Libraries
        date: 2021-06-17
       words: 6667
      flesch: 29
     summary: Referring more broadly to “AI literacy,” Long and Magerko provide an operational view defining it as “a set of competencies that enables individuals to critically evaluate AI technologies; communicate and collaborate effectively with AI; and use AI as a tool online, at home, and in the workplace.” 14 Daniel Zeng, “From Computational Thinking to AI Thinking,” IEEE Intelligent Systems (November/December, 2013), 2–4; Duri Long and Brian Magerko, “What Is AI Literacy?
    keywords: algorithmic literacy; algorithms; computational; information; information literacy; libraries; library; literacy; thinking
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        item: #5043 of 5668
          id: ital-12987
      author: Homenda, Nicholas
       title: Persistent URLs and Citations Offered for Digital Objects by Digital Libraries
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4956
      flesch: 33
     summary: Although libraries, archives, and museums have digitized and made digital objects in digital collections openly accessible for decades using several methods for providing persistent, citable URLs, how do institutions now present digital object URLs to people who encounter, use, and cite them? Catalyzed by recent digital collections migration initiatives at Indiana University Libraries, this study investigates the prevalence of persistent URLs for digital objects at peer institutions and examines the ways their platforms instruct users to cite them.
    keywords: collections; digital; libraries; objects; persistent; urls
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        item: #5044 of 5668
          id: ital-13027
      author: Cronin, Christopher
       title: Leadership, Infrastructure, Futures
        date: 2020-12-21
       words: 978
      flesch: 53
     summary: https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v39i4.13027 Christopher Cronin (cjc2260@columbia.edu) is Core President and Associate University Librarian for Collections, Columbia University. While I welcome ITAL’s readers into Core, I also welcome Core’s membership into ITAL.
    keywords: core
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        item: #5045 of 5668
          id: ital-13051
      author: Varnum, Ken
       title: Letter from the Editor
        date: 2020-12-21
       words: 371
      flesch: 47
     summary: Topics we are interested in could include any way that technologies have helped you provide or innovate service to your communities during the pandemic, but could touch on any novel, interesting, or promising use of technology in a public library setting. Rather, Public Libraries Leading the Way columns are meant to share practical experience with technology development or uses within the library.
    keywords: hope
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        item: #5046 of 5668
          id: ital-13053
      author: Hardesty, Juliet; Nolan, Allison
       title: Mitigating Bias in Metadata
        date: 2021-09-20
       words: 6224
      flesch: 23
     summary: Analysis of Homosaurus terms against LCSH terms suggested some connections could be made and for initial construction of the proof-of-concept application these were used, but with the recognition that these connections were not coming from the community vocabulary. LCSH terms are available as linked data, a format that enables online machine-readable connections between concepts and terms, and there needs to be an effort to make systems using LCSH terms more inclusive and representative of marginalized communities.
    keywords: community; homosaurus; information; lcsh; library; marginalized; terms
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        item: #5047 of 5668
          id: ital-13063
      author: Boczar, Jason; Pollock, Bonita; Mi, Xiying; Yeslibas, Amanda
       title: Bridging the Gap
        date: 2021-12-20
       words: 6584
      flesch: 49
     summary: This allows for bidirectional flow of information between pieces of metadata and makes transferring data simpler and more efficient.26 Information in a triple-store database is then retrieved using SPARQL, a query language developed for linked data. Because linked data triples are self-contained, there is no need to crosswalk metadata stored in triples from one schema into another when transferring data.
    keywords: collections; data; digital; information; libraries; library; metadata; web
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        item: #5048 of 5668
          id: ital-13117
      author: Fruehan, Parker; Hellyar, Diana
       title: Expanding and Improving Our Library’s Virtual Chat Service
        date: 2021-09-20
       words: 3547
      flesch: 52
     summary: • Be prepared for non-university affiliated patrons using chat services, especially from subject guides easily found through search engines. Embedded chat widget in SouthernSearch discovery platform.
    keywords: chat; librarians; library; widget
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        item: #5049 of 5668
          id: ital-13193
      author: Lund, Brady
       title: The Fourth Industrial Revolution
        date: 2021-03-11
       words: 1955
      flesch: 52
     summary: The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Does It Pose an Existential Threat to Libraries? The Fourth Industrial Revolution Does It Pose an Existential Threat to Libraries?
    keywords: industrial; libraries; revolution
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        item: #5050 of 5668
          id: ital-13209
      author: Black, Matthew; Powelson, Susan
       title: A Rapid Implementation of a Reserve Reading List Solution in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
        date: 2021-09-20
       words: 5322
      flesch: 45
     summary: It allows reading lists to be processed directly in Alma by library staff and provides an interface for creating and engaging with readings lists that can be integrated directly into learning management systems using the Learning Tools Interoperability (LTI) integration. INTRODUCTION In response to the changes to the post-secondary learning environment due to COVID-19 and to better integrate our course reserve reading list services with our library management system (Ex Libris’ Alma), Libraries and Cultural Resources (LCR) at the University of Calgary (UCalgary) decided to rapidly implement Ex Libris’ reading list solution Leganto.
    keywords: implementation; leganto; list; rapid; reading
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        item: #5051 of 5668
          id: ital-13241
      author: Narlock, Mikala; Brower, Don
       title: Product Ownership of a Legacy Institutional Repository
        date: 2021-09-20
       words: 5264
      flesch: 27
     summary: After deciding the system was worth maintaining, it was necessary to explicitly narrow the scope of the service, which had broadened over time in an ad hoc manner: as other services were turned off, leaving various digital content to find a new location, our institutional repository was often leveraged to host the content, even when support for the needs of niche content was poor at best. The POs could explicitly drop support for unused services, allow other services to limp along, and improve existing strengths.
    keywords: campus; digital; institutional; libraries; product; repository; service
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        item: #5052 of 5668
          id: ital-13257
      author: Suni, Karin; Brown, Christopher
       title: We Can Do It for Free! 
        date: 2021-03-11
       words: 1676
      flesch: 53
     summary: As we move forward, the repository is evolving into a comprehensive collection of what the Special Collection Division does and how we meet the need for patron engagement http://bit.ly/flpstorysearch INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ANALYTICS Site visits and other statistics for a library’s online presence are always important, but especially so during the pandemic when restricted physical access has driven more patrons to online resources.
    keywords: free; google; repository
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        item: #5053 of 5668
          id: ital-13261
      author: Berra, Daniel
       title: Utilizing Technology to Support and Extend Access to Students and Job Seekers during the Pandemic
        date: 2021-03-11
       words: 1490
      flesch: 55
     summary: Many of our nearly 70,000 residents are frequent users of library services, attend our wide array of programs, hold meetings, study or work inside the building and enjoy both the physical and virtual library collection. UTILIZING TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT AND EXTEND ACCESS | BERRA 3 The ongoing pandemic necessitated a re-imagining of library services.
    keywords: access; technology
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        item: #5054 of 5668
          id: ital-13279
      author: Wang, Zhiyu; Wu, Jingyu; Yu, Guang; Song, Zhiping
       title: Text Analysis and Visualization Research on the Hetu Dangse During the Qing Dynasty of China
        date: 2021-09-20
       words: 8726
      flesch: 43
     summary: Thus, in this study, we aim to use text analysis and visualization methods in machine learning to conduct data mining analysis of historical document data. By analyzing the official documents between the institutional functions, we can further explore the overlap as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the Qing Dynasty Shengjing ruling system to study the history of Shengjing institutions in the Qing Dynasty more thoroughly providing a reference for the design of current institutions.
    keywords: analysis; catalog; catalog data; data; documents; hetu dangse; historical; institutions; research; shengjing
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        item: #5055 of 5668
          id: ital-13297
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Reviewers Wanted
        date: 2021-03-12
       words: 476
      flesch: 43
     summary: Increasing the pool of reviewers for Information Technology and Libraries is part of the Editorial Board’s desire to provide equitable treatment to submitted articles and will enable us to follow a more typical process for peer-reviewed journals: a two-reviewer double-blind process. Reviewers Wanted LETTER FROM THE EDITOR Reviewers Wanted Kenneth J. Varnum INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2021 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v40i1.13xxx Together with one of the other journals published by ALA’s Core division, Information Technology and Libraries (ITAL) and Library Leadership and Management (LL&M) invite applications for peer reviewers.
    keywords: reviewers
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        item: #5056 of 5668
          id: ital-13319
      author: Digby, Todd
       title: Developing a Minimalist Multilingual Full-text Digital Library Solution for Disconnected Remote Library Partners
        date: 2021-12-20
       words: 3432
      flesch: 43
     summary: Additionally, Pearce (2012) further states that, OSAT is made up of technologies that are easily and economically utilized from readily available resources by local communities to meet their needs and must meet the boundary conditions set by environmental, cultural, economic, and educational resource constraints of the local community.11 DEVELOPING A SOLUTION As mentioned previously, the digitized Synagogue content from this project was brought back to UF from Cuba and loaded into our local Digital Collections system. The Temple Beth Shalom library as a whole provides a complete snapshot of Cuban Jewish intellectual, cultural, religious, and political life as it evolved and progressed during the 20th century.4 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
    keywords: digital; library; technology; text
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        item: #5057 of 5668
          id: ital-13333
      author: Koh, HyunSeung; Fienup, Mark
       title: Topic Modeling as a Tool for Analyzing Library Chat Transcripts
        date: 2021-09-20
       words: 8541
      flesch: 42
     summary: Examples of topics found by topic modeling techniques Topic modeling technique Topics (Top 15 topics with eight words per topic) We compared outcomes of different types of topic modeling techniques and attempted to propose topic modeling techniques that would be most appropriate in the context of chat reference transcript data.
    keywords: analysis; article; book; chat; data; information; library; techniques; topic; topic modeling; transcripts; words
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        item: #5058 of 5668
          id: ital-13353
      author: Ely, Eric
       title: Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Statements on Academic Library Websites
        date: 2021-12-20
       words: 8777
      flesch: 29
     summary: This analysis focused on two areas: library-centered language common across statements and social justice language, which a subset of libraries’ DEI statements employed. Analysis revealed vague conceptualizations of diversity and library-centered language in DEI statements, while a subset of statements employed anti-racist and social justice language to position the library as an active agent for social change.
    keywords: academic; academic libraries; dei; dei statements; inclusion; libraries; library; statements; university
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        item: #5059 of 5668
          id: ital-13355
      author: Tallman, Nathan
       title: A 21st Century Technical Infrastructure for Digital Preservation
        date: 2021-12-20
       words: 8730
      flesch: 35
     summary: Twentieth- century servers often use three main types of storage: file, block, and object. Software-defined storage combines inexpensive hardware with software abstractions to create a flexible, scalable, storage solution that provides data integrity.27 Software-defined storage can use the same pool of disks to present all three of the common types of storage: file, object, and block.
    keywords: century; digital; digital preservation; file; fixity; infrastructure; preservation; software; storage; technical
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        item: #5060 of 5668
          id: ital-13389
      author: Longmeier, Meris Mandernach
       title: Hackathons and Libraries
        date: 2021-12-20
       words: 8925
      flesch: 34
     summary: In both areas, those of library as space and library as source, hackathons help realign user expectations of libraries. Libraries can act solely as a host for events or they can embed in the planning process by building community partnerships, developing themes for the event, or harnessing the expertise already present in the library staff.
    keywords: community; data; event; focused; hackathon; information; libraries; library; participants; public; technology
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        item: #5061 of 5668
          id: ital-13415
      author: McCormack, Allison; Wittmann, Rachel
       title: Rarely Analyzed
        date: 2022-06-15
       words: 4937
      flesch: 36
     summary: While much has been written about methods and criteria for selecting special collections items to be digitized and the effects of digitization on collection accessibility, few authors have discussed the relationships between digital collections and the physical collections from which they were sourced. There are other discrepancies when comparing the country of publication between the physical (fig. 3) and digital collections (fig. 4).
    keywords: books; collection; digital; library; physical; rare
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        item: #5062 of 5668
          id: ital-13461
      author: Sauers, Michael P.
       title: Do Space’s Virtual Interview Lab
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 1361
      flesch: 69
     summary: Do Space’s Virtual Interview Lab: Using Simple Technology to Serve the Public in a Time of Crisis EDITORIAL BOARD THOUGHTS Do Space’s Virtual Interview Lab Using Simple Technology to Serve the Public in a Time of Crisis Michael P. Sauers INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY One group was so inspired by the project that in their thank you they said that they’d be starting their own Virtual Interview Lab at their location.
    keywords: interview; space
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        item: #5063 of 5668
          id: ital-13499
      author: Yarbrough, Will
       title: Service Barometers
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 1189
      flesch: 71
     summary: Typically, kiosks are used as a sort of satellite collection, delivering library services directly to the community. AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2021 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v40i2.13499 Public libraries have been using lending kiosks for close to ten years now.
    keywords: chesapeake; library
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        item: #5064 of 5668
          id: ital-13513
      author: Heller, Margaret
       title: Making Room for Change through Rest
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 1208
      flesch: 62
     summary: The planning for Core began years ago but became a real division of ALA in the most chaotic of times. The pause that a break implies allows time for us both as individuals to make time for what is important to us, and as members or employees of institutions to reconsider our priorities.
    keywords: rest; time
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        item: #5065 of 5668
          id: ital-13537
      author: Jayakanth, Francis; Byrappa, Ananda T; Minj, Filbert
       title: Migration of a Research Library's ICT-Based Services to a Cloud Platform
        date: 2022-03-21
       words: 5407
      flesch: 49
     summary: In an interview at the American Library Association annual meeting in Anaheim, California, in June 2012, Clifford Lynch traced 30 years of interactions between libraries and new technologies.3 With the evolution of CC technologies, libraries have been using CC’s SaaS and IaaS service models since 2009 to host their websites, library management system (LMS), and digital repositories. For example, the D-series Azure VMs provide a combination of vCPUs (virtual CPUs), memory, and temporary storage to meet the requirements associated with most production workloads.
    keywords: cloud; library; migration; platform; services; vms
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        item: #5066 of 5668
          id: ital-13573
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Improving ITAL's Peer Review
        date: 2021-06-17
       words: 411
      flesch: 31
     summary: Increasing the pool of reviewers for the journal supports the Editorial Board’s desire to provide equitable treatment to submitted articles by having two independent reviews provide double-blind consideration of each article, a practice that has now been in effect for articles submitted after May 1, 2021. This inaugurates what we plan to be an occasional feature, the “Core Leadership Column,” to which we invite contributions from members of Core leadership.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #5067 of 5668
          id: ital-13601
      author: Kordahi, Marilou
       title: Ontology for the User-Learner Profile Personalizes the Search Analysis of Online Learning Resources
        date: 2022-06-15
       words: 7663
      flesch: 37
     summary: In fact, “the process for indexing metadata records meets standards for education, such as LOM, LOMFR and SupLOMFR.”30 At present, there is no feedback on the use of Thematic Digital Universities platforms. In a general manner, information about the environment class comes from Thematic Digital Universities platforms (e.g., the viewed metadata records).
    keywords: digital; information; learner; learning; ontology; profile; thematic; universities; user
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        item: #5068 of 5668
          id: ital-13659
      author: Byrd-McDevitt, Dominic; Dewees, John
       title: Using DPLA and the Wikimedia Foundation to Increase Usage of Digitized Resources
        date: 2022-03-21
       words: 4541
      flesch: 39
     summary: Once DPLA has access to the records, it is possible for the code authored by DPLA staff to be utilized to then integrate the resources into Wikimedia Commons. As a result one thing to keep in mind is that while a given organization may include in their gift or accession agreement a statement that digitized versions of physical resources are allowed to be shared through channels decided by the organization, this does not necessarily extend to Wikimedia Commons users outside your organization, because of the requirement to be able to reuse materials with little restriction past attribution and the need to share alike, depending on the standardized rights statement.
    keywords: commons; dpla; foundation; ohio; wikimedia
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        item: #5069 of 5668
          id: ital-13697
      author: Williams, Carole
       title: Delivering
        date: 2021-09-20
       words: 1291
      flesch: 62
     summary: With the central sorter, new items go out daily mixed in with the rest of the daily shipment. Branches can now receive the contents of each crate by entering a 4 -digit barcode instead of scanning individual items.
    keywords: items; new
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        item: #5070 of 5668
          id: ital-13775
      author: Ritzo, Chris; Rhinesmith, Colin; Jiang, Jie
       title: Measuring Library Broadband Networks to Address Knowledge Gaps and Data Caps
        date: 2022-09-19
       words: 8174
      flesch: 30
     summary: As Bertot, Real, and Jaeger concluded, one of the big challenges that public libraries have been dealing with is that the speed of public library internet connections “can vary significantly according to local population density.”9 During the first phase, we organized a “participatory design” workshop with our 10 first-year public libraries who agreed to serve as part of our research panel on the project.13 Findings from our analysis of the qualitative data gathered during the workshop revealed that public libraries wanted access to broadband measurement data in order to: (1) better communicate with their patrons about their library’s broadband connectivity, (2) respond to their communities’ digital needs, and (3) justify the importance of robust internet connectivity to their funders.14 Our analysis revealed early on in the project that knowledge gaps existed around the performance of public library broadband networks, patron and staff experiences using the library’s internet connection, and the meaning and value of measurements such as speed tests.
    keywords: broadband; data; internet; libraries; library; library broadband; measurement; public; public libraries; service
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        item: #5071 of 5668
          id: ital-13781
      author: Swanson, Paul
       title: Building a Culture of Resilience in Libraries
        date: 2021-09-20
       words: 1695
      flesch: 58
     summary: Patrons have different expectations of libraries; library staff have different expectations of management and of the technology that drives library services and their day-to-day work. Libraries were completely shut down, library staff displaced, and library services transformed in a short period of time like they hadn’t been before.
    keywords: libraries; resilience
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        item: #5072 of 5668
          id: ital-13799
      author: Glowacka-Musial, Monika
       title: Applying Topic Modeling for Automated Creation of Descriptive Metadata for Digital Collections
        date: 2022-06-15
       words: 4490
      flesch: 37
     summary: TOPIC MODELING AND ITS APPLICATIONS Topic modeling (TM) is one of the methodologies used in natural language processing (NLP). Also, a possibility of using topic modeling to determine the subject headings for books on Project Gutenberg was explored.15 Topic modeling in a nutshell Topic models help to identify the contents of document collections.
    keywords: digital; headings; metadata; modeling; subject; topic; topic modeling
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        item: #5073 of 5668
          id: ital-13803
      author: Letriz, Joseph
       title: Local Hosting of Faculty-Created Open Education Resources
        date: 2022-03-21
       words: 3721
      flesch: 42
     summary: Directions for setting up this configuration option are also available as part of Pressbooks documentation on their website. 8 “Installation.”, Pressbooks Documentation, Pressbooks, last modified February 23, 2022, https://docs.pressbooks.org/installation/. 9 Dale Easley, “The Story of the Earth.”
    keywords: dubuque; faculty; instance; pressbooks; university
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        item: #5074 of 5668
          id: ital-13859
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Letter from the Editor
        date: 2021-09-20
       words: 351
      flesch: 22
     summary: Expanding and Improving Our Library’s Virtual Chat Service: Discovering Best Practices When Demand Increases / Parker Fruehan and Diana Hellyar 6. Text Analysis and Visualization Research on the Hetu Dangse During the Qing Dynasty of China / Zhiyu Wang, Jingyu Wu, Guang Yu, and Zhiping Song 4.
    keywords: september
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        item: #5075 of 5668
          id: ital-14027
      author: Berkowitz, Adam
       title: Classical Musicians v. Copyright Bots
        date: 2022-06-15
       words: 4364
      flesch: 27
     summary: BERKOWITZ 4 DISPUTING A COPYRIGHT CLAIM While there is recourse for uploaders facing copyright claims from social media sites, the appeals process can be lengthy and overwhelming. It should be noted that library employees are most often not lawyers, and as such, it is ill-advised to answer direct questions about the specific legality of the myriad of situations musicians face when disputing copyright claims.
    keywords: classical; classical musicians; content; copyright; musicians; youtube
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        item: #5076 of 5668
          id: ital-14033
      author: Valizadeh-Haghi, Saeideh; Nasibi-Sis, Hamed; Shekofteh, Maryam; Rahmatizadeh, Shahabedin
       title: ResearchGate Metrics’ Behavior and Its Correlation with RG Score and Scopus Indicators
        date: 2022-03-21
       words: 5050
      flesch: 40
     summary: The correlation between ResearchGate metrics and RG score of faculty members Publication Followers Question Answers RG score Correlation coefficient 0.918 0.774 0.11 0.185 P-value < The number of followers of SBMU faculty members Followers Frequency Mean Min Max SD Median Members % 0 7 0.74 0 0 0 0 0 1-50 654 68.84 21.51 1 50 13.58 20 51-100 146 15.37 69.36 51 99 13.76 65.5 101-150 66 6.95 121 102 150 14.53 119 151-200 39 4.11 171.92 151 198 14.38 169 201-250 20 2.11 223.60 202 246 13.29 223.5 >250 18 1.89 391.44 253 891 181.72 338 Total 950 100 53.05 0 891 72.17 31 The correlation between RG metrics and RG score was examined using the Spearman correlation test.
    keywords: members; metrics; researchgate
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        item: #5077 of 5668
          id: ital-14041
      author: Friedenthal, Melody
       title: How COVID Affected our Python Class at the Worcester Public Library
        date: 2021-12-17
       words: 1608
      flesch: 66
     summary: Thonny is a free IDE (Integrated Development Environment) where students can write and execute Python code. We used Thonny when I taught face-to-face, but the Lab computers all had Thonny installed, and were ready for students to use.
    keywords: class; students
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        item: #5078 of 5668
          id: ital-14073
      author: Coughlin, Daniel
       title: Balancing Community and Local Needs
        date: 2022-03-21
       words: 6408
      flesch: 48
     summary: These lenses provided a thorough examination for us to decide on how to proceed; they are community needs and potential tension that exists with local needs, our team dynamics, and finally the platform we built our software on and the infrastructure required to maintain it. In terms of adding infrastructure, we both enhanced the virtual capabilities (CPU and RAM) of our systems and had tasks offloaded to other systems.
    keywords: community; development; infrastructure; local; needs; repository; scholarsphere; team
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        item: #5079 of 5668
          id: ital-14093
      author: Qing, Fan; Tan, Guoxin ; Sun, Chuanming; Chen,  Panfeng
       title: Research on Knowledge Organization of Intangible Cultural Heritage Based on Metadata
        date: 2022-06-15
       words: 4918
      flesch: 17
     summary: The creation of metadata standards in the field of intangible cultural heritage must first combine the basic concepts and characteristics of cultural heritage to extract specific attributes and provide element definitions that describe the basic characteristics of intangible cultural heritage resources, that is, core metadata. Design principles of intangible cultural heritage metadata The design of the metadata model of intangible cultural heritage information resources should be fully compatible with popular metadata standards.
    keywords: cultural; cultural heritage; heritage; intangible; intangible cultural; metadata; resources
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        item: #5080 of 5668
          id: ital-14141
      author: Guo, Yajun; Yang, Zinan; Yuan, Yiming; Ma, Huifang; Liu, Yan Quan
       title: Contactless Services
        date: 2022-06-15
       words: 6927
      flesch: 46
     summary: 24 Therefore, a systematic investigation and study of contactless services in public libraries in the pandemic is of great importance for the adaptation and innovation of library services. The emergence of online self -service library services has greatly contributed to the development of equalization and standardization of public library services.
    keywords: contactless; contactless services; information; libraries; library; public; public libraries; reference; self; services
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        item: #5081 of 5668
          id: ital-14175
      author: Symulevich, Allison; Hamilton, Mark
       title: Using Open Access Institutional Repositories to Save the Student Symposium during the COVID-19 Pandemic
        date: 2022-03-21
       words: 5542
      flesch: 40
     summary: College campuses began delivering remote instruction in a matter of days and organizers of student research symposiums around the country were forced either to cancel or reimagine the events. The authors hope in-person events will eventually return; however, these online platforms can enhance student research symposiums, providing global access to high-impact student projects.
    keywords: digital; institutional; research; student; symposium; university
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        item: #5082 of 5668
          id: ital-14291
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Letter from the Editor
        date: 2021-12-20
       words: 297
      flesch: 49
     summary: Our Public Libraries Leading the Way column, “How COVID Affected our Python Class at the Worcester Public Library” by Melody Friendenthal, is a follow up to her 2020 column on moving a library course on the Python programming language from in-person to online for the Worcester (MA) Public Library. Bridging the Gap: Using Linked Data to Improve Discoverability and Diversity in Digital Collections / Jason Boczar, Bonita Pollock, Xiying Mi, and Amanda Yeslibas 4.
    keywords: library
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        item: #5083 of 5668
          id: ital-14325
      author: Guo, Yan; Lam, Apple Hiu Ching; Chiu, Dickson K. W.; Ho, Kevin K. W.
       title: Perceived Quality of Reference Service with WhatsApp
        date: 2022-09-19
       words: 6992
      flesch: 32
     summary: How can academic libraries increase user satisfaction with WhatsApp reference services? Some studies also stressed that many students welcome WhatsApp as an effective reference service platform.29 However, Friday et al. pointed out that some librarians might not be trained and equipped with proper and up -to- date skills in using social media tools to provide library services effectively and efficiently.30 Further, Aina, Babalola, and Oduwole argued that hurdles such as instructional policies, lack of time, and heavy workloads might cause difficulties in using these tools to provide library services.31 As for evaluation, Mohd Azmi, Noorhidawati, and Yanti Idaya Aspura applied RUSA’s guidelines for the behavioral performance of reference and information service providers to evaluate the perceived importance versus actual practices of WhatsApp reference service from librarians’ perspectives.32 They suggested that although librarians expressed their awareness of the importance of RUSA guidelines, they would not fully comply with the guidelines because of time and other constraints.
    keywords: chiu; information; libraries; library; reference; reference service; services; whatsapp; whatsapp reference
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        item: #5084 of 5668
          id: ital-14433
      author: Ullah, Asim; Khusro, Shah; Ullah, Irfan
       title: Library Management Practices in the Libraries of Pakistan
        date: 2022-09-19
       words: 14816
      flesch: 44
     summary: CECOS University of Information http://sites.google .com/view/library ✓ ✓  ✓   Lu, Cn, Oh NA OPAC, at, tt NA B NA  ✓ https://pulibrary.edu.pk/ https://pulibrary.edu.pk/ INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Library of Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering & Management Sciences (BUITEMS) https://www.buit ms.edu.pk/library/ Defaulthecandbuit ems.aspx      
    keywords: information; libraries; library; library management; pakistan; practices; ullah; university; ✓ ✓; ✓ ;  c;  ✓;  
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        item: #5085 of 5668
          id: ital-14683
      author: Ridley, Michael
       title: Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
        date: 2022-06-15
       words: 7159
      flesch: 23
     summary: The purpose of XAI is for AI systems to have “the ability to explain their rationale, characterize their strengths and weaknesses, and convey an understanding of how they will behave in the future” 12 and to “enable human users to understand, appropriately trust, and effectively manage the emerging generation of artificially intelligent partners. Typically, proofs are only available for AI systems that use “inherently interpretable” techniques such as rules, decisions trees, or linear regressions.20 Validations are explanations that confirm the veracity of the AI system.
    keywords: artificial; artificial intelligence; explainable; explainable artificial; explanation; information; intelligence; learning; libraries; machine; systems; xai
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        item: #5086 of 5668
          id: ital-14719
      author: Wu, Annie; Davis-Van Atta, Taylor ; Scott, Bethany; Washington, Anne; Thompson, Santi; Jones, Jerrell ; Weidner, Andrew; Ramirez, A. Laura; Smith, Marian
       title: Navigating Uncharted Waters
        date: 2022-09-19
       words: 7041
      flesch: 37
     summary: They summarize the history and routine application of the fair use doctrine in both the creation and dissemination of scholarly works but provide little firm guidance on the matter.10 Indeed, after reviewing the entire body of literature on retrospective thesis and dissertation projects, this remains a practical challenge that any library undertaking a mass digitization project must consider and the associated risks must be accounted for. Phases Task force activities Subteams (*subteam lead) Phase one: preparation Environmental scan Jerrell, Anne, Crystal, Santi*, Bethany Physical theses/dissertations inventory/retention Bethany Copyright permissions and policies Bethany, Annie, Taylor* Purchase equipment Jerrell*, Crystal Phase two: workflow development TD digitization workflow Jerrell, Crystal* TD metadata workflow Anne*, Taylor, Annie TD ingest and publishing workflow Andrew, Taylor TD progress tracking Annie, Andrew Preservation/storage strategy Bethany*, Santi Phase three: communication/promotion Promote DTD to colleagues and researchers Taylor*, Santi Communicate progress to staff and users Annie*, Santi* Develop training materials for stakeholders Anne*, Crystal* Phase One: Preparation A subgroup of the TDD Task Force conducted an environmental scan of similar theses and dissertations digitization approaches previously used by other institutions.
    keywords: copyright; digitization; dissertations; force; libraries; project; task; tdd; theses; university
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        item: #5087 of 5668
          id: ital-14773
      author: Lund, Brady
       title: Policy Before Technology
        date: 2022-03-21
       words: 1563
      flesch: 48
     summary: Technology policy can be a boring subject, but its necessity cannot be overstated for reducing liability and threats to the well-being of patrons, library employees, and property. It is important to have technology policy in place before the INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES MARCH 2022
    keywords: policy; technology
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        item: #5088 of 5668
          id: ital-14881
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.; Kelly, Marisha C.
       title: Letter from the Editors (March 2022)
        date: 2022-03-21
       words: 485
      flesch: 22
     summary: Local Hosting of Faculty-Created Open Education Resources / Joseph Letriz Kenneth J. Varnum, Editor Marisha C. Kelly, Assistant Editor varnum@umich.edu mkelly@ncu.edu https://www.ala.org/news/member-news/2022/01/marisha-c-kelly-selected-new-ital-assistant-editor https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-FOY8y5hyHr8Op9wMoUvFc3yz3ctyKEO/view?usp=sharing https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/call-for-submissions https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v41i1.14881 Our first issue of 2022 brings the welcome appointment of Marisha C. Kelly as Assistant Editor for the journal.
    keywords: technology
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        item: #5089 of 5668
          id: ital-14967
      author: Wang, Yongming
       title: Using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing to Analyze Library Chat Reference Transcripts
        date: 2022-09-19
       words: 3929
      flesch: 49
     summary: In recent years, the library community has begun looking at ways to improve library services by applying AI and machine learning techniques to library data. To follow this technology trend, the library community has begun looking at ways to improve library services by applying AI and ML techniques to library data.
    keywords: chat; data; library; model; reference
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        item: #5090 of 5668
          id: ital-15123
      author: Ingram-Monteiro, Neah; McKernan, Ro
       title: An Omeka S Repository for Place- and Land-Based Teaching and Learning
        date: 2022-09-19
       words: 5282
      flesch: 36
     summary: Baloy had been approached by Ingram-Monteiro (who was in the UBC’s Master of Library and Information Studies program at the time) about supporting Salish Sea Studies during the initial COVID-19 shutdown. Faculty partners worked through the challenges of creating public OER from private, contextual lesson plans and learning objects.11 Given the curricular emphasis on relational accountability in the Salish Sea bioregion, and the central role of Indigenous knowledge holders and ways of knowing in line with land-based education, materials referenced in Salish Sea Studies include Traditional Knowledge of Indigenous nations.
    keywords: land; learning; omeka; repository; salish; sea; teaching
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        item: #5091 of 5668
          id: ital-15161
      author: Lane, Julie
       title: Gathering Strength to Combat Access Inequality
        date: 2022-06-15
       words: 2380
      flesch: 58
     summary: Although school boards provided tools to meet the “classroom” requirements, they could not ensure that every single student had access to a high-speed internet connection, nor could they offer school library access remotely. All in all, we processed hundreds of card requests and renewals and were able to powerfully illustrate to teachers how they could meaningfully integrate public library resources into their classrooms, either virtually or physically.
    keywords: library; public; school
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        item: #5092 of 5668
          id: ital-15225
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.; Kelly, Marisha C.
       title: Letter from the Editors (June 2022)
        date: 2022-06-16
       words: 509
      flesch: 31
     summary: Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Adoption and Advocacy / Michael Ridley Kenneth J. Varnum, Editor Marisha C. Kelly, Assistant Editor varnum@umich.edu marisha.librarian@gmail.com Research on Knowledge Organization of Intangible Cultural Heritage Based on Metadata / Qing Fan, Guoxin Tan, Chuanming Sun, and Panfeng Chen 6. Contactless Services: A Survey of the Practices of Large Public Libraries in China / Yajun Guo, Zinan Yang, Yiming Yuan, Huifang Ma, and Yan Quan Liu 7.
    keywords: editorial
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        item: #5093 of 5668
          id: ital-15475
      author: Markman, Chris; Kimura, Kasper; Wallner, Molly
       title: The First 500 Mistakes You Will Make While Streaming on Twitch.tv
        date: 2022-09-19
       words: 1472
      flesch: 67
     summary: Your streaming space should not only be distraction free, but also easy to adjust as needed, because your setup will change over time. You will end up spending a considerable amount of time troubleshooting strange quirks that were not there the last time you streamed, or with each new equipment purchase/upgrade.
    keywords: mistakes; stream
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        item: #5094 of 5668
          id: ital-15559
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.; Kelly, Marisha C.
       title: Letter from the Editors (September 2022)
        date: 2022-09-19
       words: 559
      flesch: 40
     summary: Library Management Practices in the Libraries of Pakistan: A Detailed Retrospective / Asim Ullah, Shah Khusro, and Irfan Ullah 4. Perceived Quality of WhatsApp Reference Service: A Quantitative Study from User Perspectives / Yan Guo, Apple Hiu Ching Lam, Dickson K. W. Chiu, and Kevin K. W. Ho 3.
    keywords: library
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        item: #5095 of 5668
          id: ital-1764
      author: Morton-Owens, Emily G.
       title: Editorial and Technological Workflow Tools to Promote Website Quality
        date: 2011-09-02
       words: 5241
      flesch: 57
     summary: Ideally, every librarian job description would include working with users and would mention writing website content as an important forum for that. Further, they found that the first perceived error had a greater negative impact than addi- tional problems did, and they described website users as “quite critical, negative, and unforgiving.”5
    keywords: content; library; quality; website; workflow
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        item: #5096 of 5668
          id: ital-1765
      author: Cuddy, Colleen
       title: President's Message: Reflections on Membership
        date: 2011-09-02
       words: 1290
      flesch: 61
     summary: LITA members have real jobs and friends, family, and other social responsibilities that keep us busy. I know that I can call on my LITA colleagues to serve as references and reviewers as I move through my career.
    keywords: lita; members
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        item: #5097 of 5668
          id: ital-1766
      author: Truitt, Marc
       title: Editorial: Koyaanisqatsi
        date: 2011-09-02
       words: 2218
      flesch: 65
     summary: But I firmly believe that library technology is not an end in itself. Those seeking to reimagine library spaces as refuges could hardly do better than to look to Jasper Fforde’s magical BookWorld in the Thursday Next series for inspira- tion.3 Stuffy academics and special libraries take note: Library magic is not something restricted to children’s rooms in public libraries.
    keywords: balance; libraries
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        item: #5098 of 5668
          id: ital-1767
      author: Witt, Michael
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Eating Our Own Dogfood
        date: 2011-09-02
       words: 931
      flesch: 65
     summary: Whether we are evaluating new integrated library systems or choosing the default text editor for our workstations, we are presented with opportunities to learn more about how our libraries accomplish work “on the ground” and reconsider the role that technology can play in helping them. Those of us working in information technology have a tremendous impact on library staff productivity by vir- tue of the systems we select or develop and implement.
    keywords: work
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        item: #5099 of 5668
          id: ital-1768
      author: Kim, Yongi-Mi
       title: Factors Affecting University Library Website Design
        date: 2011-09-02
       words: 5534
      flesch: 39
     summary: We meet users’ needs We provide better services via the website We satisfy users’ needs We provide quality services Our library is overall successful 1, 2 Website success measures from website users It lets me finish my project more quickly It helps improve my productivity It helps enhance the quality of my project The extent to which users integrate website library resources into users’ tasks* Frequency of users’ visits to university library website** 3, 41, 43 all items are measured with a likert scale: 1 not really; 2: somewhat; and 3: greatly. * measured by percentage **measured by frequency Figure 2. Institutional Forces FActors AFFectiNG uNiversitY liBrArY WeBsite DesiGN | kiM 103 percent of respondents reported that they consult with web experts; over 70 percent responded that they inte- grate input from other divisions; and around 70 percent consult with webmasters. Because one of the contributions of this study is to compare users’ and designers’ perceptions of website success, the samples are drawn from two groups: one is from university library website designers and the other one is from university library users.
    keywords: designers; information; library; university; users; website
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        item: #5100 of 5668
          id: ital-1769
      author: Foasberg, Nancy M.
       title: Adoption of E-Book Readers Among College Students: A Survey
        date: 2011-09-02
       words: 9894
      flesch: 60
     summary: According to the 2010 Pew Internet and American Life survey, 5 percent of Americans own e-book readers. Most do not provide the ability to copy and paste into another document, have To learn whether e-book readers have become widely pop- ular among college students, this study surveys students at one large, urban, four-year public college.
    keywords: book; book readers; devices; readers; students; survey; use
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        item: #5101 of 5668
          id: ital-1770
      author: Riley-Huff, Debra A.; Rholes, Julia M.
       title: Librarians and Technology Skill Acquisition: Issues and Perspectives
        date: 2011-09-02
       words: 8568
      flesch: 45
     summary: With regards to the status of technology course offerings in LIS programs, there has been a significant increase in the number of technology- related courses, but the numbers of technology courses Table 12. Dillon and Norris rallied against the library vs. information science argu- ment as a premise, which has no bearing on the reality of what is happening in LIS and does nothing but create yet another distracting disagreement over labels.10 Others argued for the increasing inclusion of technology courses in LIS education, as Estabrook put it, Librarianship without a strong linkage to technology (and it’s capacity to extend our work) will become a mastodon.
    keywords: courses; education; information; librarians; library; lis; survey; technology
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        item: #5102 of 5668
          id: ital-1771
      author: Farney, Tabatha A.
       title: Click Analytics: Visualizing Website Use Data
        date: 2011-09-02
       words: 5164
      flesch: 54
     summary: Laura B. Cohen’s study encourages libraries to use their website usage data to enhance their understanding of how visitors access and use library websites.2 Jeanie M. Welch further recommends that all Click Analytics: Visualizing Website Use Data Editor’s Note: This paper is adapted from a presentation given at the 2010 LITA Forum Click analytics is a powerful tech- nique that displays what and where users are clicking on a webpage help- ing libraries to easily identify areas of high and low usage on a page with- out having to decipher website use data sets. Avinash Kaushik, Web Analytics 2.0: The Art of Online Accountability and Science of Customer Centricity (Indianapolis: Wiley, 2010): 81–83.
    keywords: analytics; click; data; page; web
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        item: #5103 of 5668
          id: ital-1830
      author: Ghaphery, Jimmy; White, Erin
       title: Library Use of Web-based Research Guides
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 3891
      flesch: 54
     summary: SELECTED LITERATURE REVIEW While there has been significant research on library research guides, there has not been a recent survey either of the overall landscape or of librarian attitudes and practices. Hopefully these questions serve as a call for continued technical engagement with library research guides.
    keywords: guides; library; research
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        item: #5104 of 5668
          id: ital-1844
      author: Sosa-Sosa, Victor Jesus; Hernandez-Ramirez, Emigdio M.
       title: A File Storage Service on a Cloud Computing Environment for Digital Libraries
        date: 2012-12-12
       words: 4963
      flesch: 50
     summary: Currently, it is possible to find several examples of public cloud storage, such as Amazon S3 (http://aws.amazon.com/en/s3), RackSpace (http://www.rackspace.com/cloud/public/files), and Google Storage (https://developers.google.com/storage), each of which provide high availability, fault tolerance, and services and administration at low cost. Data availability relates to the replication technique the Amazon infrastructure uses.10 There also are solutions that take advantage of public cloud storage using replication techniques based on RAID, for example Redundant Array of Cloud Storage (RACS), a proxy located between multiple cloud storage providers and customers.11 RACS distributes data in a way that provides an opportunity for clients to tolerate interruptions in a public cloud storage service or when the price for using such services gets too high.
    keywords: cloud; data; file; replication; service; storage
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        item: #5105 of 5668
          id: ital-1848
      author: Dodsworth, Eva; Nicholson, Andrew
       title: Academic Uses of Google Earth and Google Maps in a Library Setting
        date: 2012-06-12
       words: 5795
      flesch: 55
     summary: Although many libraries are now using Google Maps and Google Earth technology, the authors were surprised that many were not actively leveraging this expertise across their campuses. 3 Michael Vandenburg, “Using Google Maps as an interface for the Library Catalogue” Library Hi- Tech 26 (2008): 33-40.
    keywords: earth; google; libraries; library; mapping; maps
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        item: #5106 of 5668
          id: ital-1855
      author: Fagan, Jody Condit; Mandernach, Meris A.; Nelson, Carl S.; Paulo, Jonathan R.; Saunders, Grover
       title: Usability Test Results for a Discovery Tool in an Academic Library
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 13224
      flesch: 55
     summary: Perhaps users faced with discovery tool results simply have no motivation to click on additional database results. What role do institutional repositories play in the suite of library tools, and how does the discovery tool connect to them (or include them?)
    keywords: discovery; libraries; library; participants; results; search; study; task; test; tool; usability; users
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        item: #5107 of 5668
          id: ital-1857
      author: Farnel, Sharon
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Tools of the Trade
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 983
      flesch: 74
     summary: And all of the team members had, in recent days, seen various e-mail messages about new tools and applications that might be useful in our environment. Our metadata team has set up a “test bench,” a workstation that we can all use and share for trying new tools.
    keywords: tools
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        item: #5108 of 5668
          id: ital-1859
      author: McDermott, Abigail J.
       title: Copyright: Regulation Out of Line with our Digital Reality?
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 6541
      flesch: 44
     summary: Fair use, a statutory exception to U.S. copyright law, is a complex subject, but a brief examination of the principle gets to the heart of copyright law itself. The fact that University of Michigan Associate University Librarian John Price Wilkin was forced to assure the public that “no copyrighted books were made accessible to any students” illustrates the absurdity in arguing over whether it’s right to digitize books that are no longer even accessible in their printed form.20 LIBRARIES, DIGITIZATION, AND COPYRIGHT LAW: THE QUIET CRISIS While one can debate if U.S. copyright law is still oriented toward the public good, the more relevant question in this context is the effect copyright law has on the library profession.
    keywords: copyright; copyright law; digital; google; law; library; use; works
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        item: #5109 of 5668
          id: ital-1861
      author: Neugebauer, Tomasz; Han, Bin
       title: Batch Ingesting into EPrints Digital Repository Software
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 3212
      flesch: 47
     summary: AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2012 121 '260a' => 'place_of_pub', '260b' => 'publisher', '260c' => 'date', '300a' => 'pages_aacr', '362a' => 'volume', '440a' => 'series', '440c' => 'volume', '440x' => 'issn', '520a' => 'abstract', '730a' => 'publication', }; $c->{marc}->{'EPrints::Plugin::Import::MARC::ConcordiaTheses'}->{constants} = { # MARC to EPrints constants 'type' => 'thesis', 'institution' => 'Concordia University', 'date_type' => 'submitted', }; BATCH INGESTING INTO EPRINTS DIGITAL REPOSITORY SOFTWARE| NEUGEBAUER AND HAN 122 Appendix B. attach_documents.pl #!/usr/bin/perl -I/opt/eprints3 This paper describes the batch importing strategy and workflow used for the import of theses metadata and PDF documents into the EPrints digital repository software.
    keywords: eprints; import
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        item: #5110 of 5668
          id: ital-1863
      author: Cuddy, Colleen
       title: President's Message: Data Discovery
        date: 2011-12-01
       words: 1518
      flesch: 60
     summary: In fields such as public health and urban planning, government data alongside research data is used to predict trends, forecast, make decisions, etc. As librarians move from collecting and catalog- ing bibliographic information new roles have emerged in data discovery, in its preservation, and in helping to make data more accessible.
    keywords: actual; data
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        item: #5111 of 5668
          id: ital-1864
      author: Truitt, Marc
       title: Outgoing Editor's Column: Parting Thoughts
        date: 2011-12-01
       words: 2215
      flesch: 64
     summary: Truitt Marc truitt (marc.truitt@ualberta.ca) is Associate university Librarian, Bibliographic and Information Technology services, university of Alberta Libraries, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and Editor of ITAL. Oversight and quality control are still up to us, and it simply will not wash with patrons today, next year, or a century from now to be told that a collection or service is unacceptably substan- dard because we outsourced it.
    keywords: editor; ital
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        item: #5112 of 5668
          id: ital-1865
      author: Gerrity, Robert
       title: Incoming Editor's Column: Ch-ch-ch-ch-changes (turn and face the strain)
        date: 2011-12-01
       words: 827
      flesch: 54
     summary: | GerritY 155 Bob Gerrity G reetings ITAL readers. Which brings me to why I’m taking on the role of editor of ITAL.
    keywords: ital
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        item: #5113 of 5668
          id: ital-1866
      author: Dehmlow, Mark
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Sharing Responsibility in the Digital Age
        date: 2011-12-01
       words: 869
      flesch: 57
     summary: In the end, it is really important for all areas to be responsible for trying out new systems, even if those responsible are doing more outreach than simple general calls for participation. In some ways, those deploying new systems have the greater onus in this relationship in that they are driving many of the effort; this is especially critical for changes that have broad impact.
    keywords: new
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        item: #5114 of 5668
          id: ital-1867
      author: Powell, James E.; Alcazar, Daniel A.; Hopkins, Matthew; McMahon, Tamara M.; Wu, Amber; Collins, Linn; Olendorf, Robert
       title: Graphs in Libraries: A Primer
        date: 2011-12-01
       words: 8584
      flesch: 53
     summary: Graphs that represent two relationships (bipartite) or more are typically reduced to unipartite graphs in the process of exploring them because the vast majority of techniques for evaluating graphs were developed for graphs that address a single relationship between a set of nodes. ■■ Global Properties of Graphs There are other aspects of graphs to consider, sometimes referred to as “global graph properties.
    keywords: centrality; complex; data; graphs; libraries; networks; nodes; relationships; web
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        item: #5115 of 5668
          id: ital-1868
      author: Murray, Ronald J.; Tillett, Barbara B.
       title: Cataloging Theory in Search of Graph Theory and Other Ivory Towers
        date: 2011-12-01
       words: 9322
      flesch: 34
     summary: As a result, resource description graphs are readily cre- ated and transformed to serve theoretical—and with greater experience in thinking and programming along graph-friendly lines, practical—ends. Employing this strategy benefits two groups: ■■ Workers in the cultural heritage realm, who will acquire a broadened perspective on their resource description activities, who will be better prepared to handle new forms of creative expressions as they appear, and who will be able to shape the develop- ment of information systems that support more sophisticated types of resource descriptions and ways of exploring those descriptions.
    keywords: bibliographic; cataloging; cultural; description; figure; graph; heritage; information; resource; resource description; theory
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        item: #5116 of 5668
          id: ital-1869
      author: Black, Elizabeth L.
       title: Selecting a Web Content Management System for an Academic Library Website
        date: 2011-12-01
       words: 3808
      flesch: 56
     summary: In 2009 John Harney noted, “There are few technologies as prolific as web content management systems. Web content management is the discipline of collect- ing, organizing, categorizing, and structuring information that is to be delivered on a website.
    keywords: cms; content; management; web
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        item: #5117 of 5668
          id: ital-1870
      author: Hubble, Ann; Murphy, Deborah A.; Perry, Susan Chesley
       title: From Static and Stale to Dynamic and Collaborative: The Drupal Difference
        date: 2011-12-01
       words: 4205
      flesch: 59
     summary: Finally, we provide a list of resources and modules for beginning and inter- mediate Drupal users. The process we follow from our sandbox site to our production site is described in more detail in appendix A. Transition Team Training We had three types of Drupal users within the library: system admin- istrators, developers, and staff (the primary content editors); each group had its own training needs.
    keywords: content; drupal; library; website
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        item: #5118 of 5668
          id: ital-1871
      author: Han, Yan
       title: Cloud Computing: Case Studies and Total Cost of Ownership
        date: 2011-12-01
       words: 6552
      flesch: 59
     summary: Current Linux distributions work with Eucalyptus to provide private cloud services such Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud and Red Hat’s Deltacloud. Giving the above different nature of IT operations and services, cloud computing may be suitable for some IT operations but not for others.
    keywords: aws; cloud; computing; google; services; storage; web
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        item: #5119 of 5668
          id: ital-1880
      author: Pittsley, Kate A; Memmott, Sara
       title: Improving Independent Student Navigation of Complex Educational Web Sites: An Analysis of Two Navigation Design Changes in LibGuides
        date: 2012-09-10
       words: 5222
      flesch: 55
     summary: RESEARCH QUESTION AND METHOD Could design changes improve independent student use of LibGuides tab navigation? Both sets of experimental guides showed an increase in use of secondary guide pages after the changes were applied whereas a comparison group with no navigation changes showed no significant change in usage patterns.
    keywords: design; group; guides; navigation; pages; tabs
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        item: #5120 of 5668
          id: ital-1913
      author: Pendell, Kimberly D.; Bowman, Michael S.
       title: Usability Study of a Library's Mobile Website: An Example from Portland State University
        date: 2012-06-12
       words: 6716
      flesch: 50
     summary: The Library Success wiki, which tracks libraries with mobile websites, shows an 66 percent increase in the number of academic libraries in the United States and Canada with mobile websites from August 2010 to August 2011.3 We reviewed articles about mobile websites in the professional library science literature and found that mobile website usability testing is only briefly mentioned. The 2010 survey also showed that an additional 11.3 percent of students intended to purchase an Internet-capable handheld device within the next year.2 In this environment academic libraries have been scrambling to address the proliferation of student owned mobile devices, thus the number of mobile library websites is growing.
    keywords: library; mobile; mobile website; participants; test; usability; user; website
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        item: #5121 of 5668
          id: ital-1914
      author: Wang, Yongming; Dawes, Trevor A
       title: The Next Generation Integrated Library System: A Promise Fulfilled?
        date: 2012-09-10
       words: 4243
      flesch: 48
     summary: This article examines the state of library systems today and describes the features needed in a next-generation library system. • Greater interoperability of systems, pertaining to the systems within the library (including components from vendors, open source communities, and homegrown systems) and beyond (enterprise-level systems such as courseware and university portals, and shared library systems such as OCLC).
    keywords: generation; libraries; library; resources; systems
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        item: #5122 of 5668
          id: ital-1916
      author: Vaughan, Jason
       title: Investigations into Library Web-Scale Discovery Services
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 19878
      flesch: 53
     summary: Still, some important insights were gained about the specific products and, at the larger level, discovery services as a whole. As noted earlier, discovery services are changing rapidly in the sense of interface updates, customization options, and scope of content.
    keywords: content; discovery; discovery services; discovery task; force; information; libraries; library; local; platform; scale discovery; search; services; staff; task; web
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        item: #5123 of 5668
          id: ital-1917
      author: Gartner, Richard
       title: METS as an 'Intermediary' Schema for a Digital Library of Complex Scientific Multimedia
        date: 2012-09-10
       words: 4338
      flesch: 40
     summary: An alternative approach adopted here uses the technique of employing METS files as intermediary schemas to act as templates from which METS-encoded packages for delivery can be generated. METS itself offers the possibility of aggregating other METS files through its <mptr> (METS pointer) element: this element, always a direct child of a <div> element in the structural map, references a METS file that contains metadata on the digital content represented by this <div>.
    keywords: digital; file; mets
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        item: #5124 of 5668
          id: ital-1918
      author: Lynch, Clifford
       title: Guest Editorial
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 341
      flesch: 38
     summary: It’s a decision that will, I believe, make the journal much more visible, and a more attractive venue for authors; it will also make it easier to use in educational settings, and to further the interactions between librarians, information scientists, computer scientists, and members of other disciplines. AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2012 3 Congratulations LITA and Information Technology and Libraries.
    keywords: information
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        item: #5125 of 5668
          id: ital-1919
      author: Morton-Owens, Emily G; Hanson, Karen L
       title: Trends at a Glance: A Management Dashboard of Library Statistics
        date: 2012-09-10
       words: 5600
      flesch: 61
     summary: It also inserts a record into the user transactions table, which will be discussed in the section on user data. Several charts draw on EZproxy log data that has been analyzed and linked to other databases to reveal use by different academic departments and user roles (such as faculty or student).
    keywords: chart; dashboard; data; information; library; number; user
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        item: #5126 of 5668
          id: ital-1926
      author: Schlosser, Melanie; Stamper, Brian
       title: Learning to Share: Measuring Use of a Digitized Collection on Flickr and in the IR
        date: 2012-09-10
       words: 5077
      flesch: 53
     summary: Image collections like the one used in this study make up a small percentage of the items in the repository. Established in 2005, it holds more than 45,000 items, including faculty and student research, gray literature, institutional records, and digitized library collections.
    keywords: collection; digital; flickr; library; usage; use
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        item: #5127 of 5668
          id: ital-1927
      author: Cuddy, Colleen
       title: President's Message: Open Access/Open Data
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 923
      flesch: 52
     summary: The number of new journals being offered electronically only is growing and I believe we are beginning to see a decline in the dual publishing model of publishers and societies offering both print and online journals. To see ITAL go open access in my presidential year is extremely gratifying.
    keywords: access; open
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        item: #5128 of 5668
          id: ital-1928
      author: Gerrity, Robert
       title: Editor's Comments
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 378
      flesch: 51
     summary: We’ll also be exploring ways to better integrate the ITALica blog and the ITAL preprints site with the main site. Our goal is to have all of the back issues of both ITAL and its predecessor, Journal of Library Automation (JOLA), openly available from the ITAL site.
    keywords: ital
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        item: #5129 of 5668
          id: ital-1930
      author: Ward, David; Hahn, Jim; Feist, Kirsten
       title: Autocomplete as Research Tool: A Study on Providing Search Suggestions
        date: 2012-12-12
       words: 5764
      flesch: 50
     summary: Autocomplete Implementation implementing autocompletion on the front end of a search affected providing search suggestions on the back end (search result pages). This includes having results displayed in a way that is easily ignored if students want to type in an entire search phrase themselves, and having the presentation and selection of search suggestions done in a way that is easy to read and quick to be selected.
    keywords: autocomplete; library; research; search; students; suggestions; use
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        item: #5130 of 5668
          id: ital-1941
      author: Boberić Krstićev, Danijela
       title: Information Retrieval Using a Middleware Approach
        date: 2013-03-30
       words: 5867
      flesch: 41
     summary: AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2013 56 RELATED WORK A common approach for adding SRU support to library systems, most of which already support, the Z39.50 search protocol,5 has been to use existing software architecture that supports the Z39.50 protocol. The basic role of the wrapper component is to transform queries received from the mediator into queries supported by library system.
    keywords: component; library; query; server; system; z39.50
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        item: #5131 of 5668
          id: ital-1946
      author: Park, Eun G; Oh, Sam
       title: Examining Attributes of Open Standard File Formats for Long-term Preservation and Open Access
        date: 2012-12-12
       words: 8446
      flesch: 38
     summary: Some institutions adopt another term, standard file formats, to differentiate accepted and recommended file formats from others. Echoing the LC, Hodge and Anderson also suggest a list of selection criteria that have been grouped under the banner of “technical factors”: disclosure, adoption, transparency, self-documentation, external dependencies, impact of patents, and technical protection mechanisms.27 Researchers agree that open standard file formats are less obsolete and more reliable than proprietary formats.28 Close examination of the NISIS definition mentioned above reveals that standard file formats are in reality not free, nor do they allow unrestricted access to resources.
    keywords: file; file formats; formats; long; open; pdf; preservation; term
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        item: #5132 of 5668
          id: ital-2161
      author: Cyzyk, Mark
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Doesn't Work
        date: 2012-06-12
       words: 1285
      flesch: 61
     summary: Our programming languages, application servers, Web application frameworks, AJAX libraries, integrated development environments, source-code repositories, build tools, testing harnesses, switches, routers, single-signon utilities, proxy servers, link resolvers, repositories, bibliographic management utilities, help-desk ticketing applications, and elaborate project-management protocols are all for naught if the final product of our labor, at the end of the day, doesn’t work. It now occurs to me, though, that this notion of “work” is precisely the point of technology, and that sometimes this gets lost for those of us employed fulltime as technologists in libraries.
    keywords: technology; work
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        item: #5133 of 5668
          id: ital-2163
      author: Groza, Tudor; Grimnes, AAstrand; Handschuh, Siegfried
       title: Reference Information Extraction and Processing Using Random Conditional Fields
        date: 2012-06-12
       words: 6557
      flesch: 54
     summary: We plan to develop a flexible consolidation mechanism by dynamically generating and executing SPARQL queries from chunked reference fields and filtering the results via two string approximation metrics (a combination of Monge-Elkan and Chapman Soundex algorithms). In this paper we present an approach that aims at dealing with this aspect of extraction and processing of reference information.
    keywords: dataset; extraction; fields; information; reference
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        item: #5134 of 5668
          id: ital-2164
      author: Williamson, Stuart
       title: Public Library Computer Waiting Queues: Alternatives to the First-Come-First-Served Strategy
        date: 2012-06-12
       words: 3662
      flesch: 62
     summary: Our results demonstrate that the SJF strategy is generally best for minimizing overall average waiting time as well as for getting customers needing the least amount of computer time online the fastest. The information about each session required for the simulation includes the time at which the user arrived to sign up for a computer, the number of minutes it took the user to log in once assigned a computer, how many minutes of computer time were used, whether or not this was the user’s first or a subsequent session for the day, and finally, whether the user gave up waiting and abandoned his/her place in the queue.
    keywords: computer; priority; waiting
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        item: #5135 of 5668
          id: ital-2165
      author: Hessel, Heather; Fransen, Janet
       title: Resource Discovery: Comparative Results on Two Catalog Interfaces
        date: 2012-06-12
       words: 7952
      flesch: 61
     summary: Library staff made up 13 percent of MNCAT Classic respondents and 4 percent of MNCAT Plus respondents, although the actual number of library staff responding was nearly identical (twenty-one for MNCAT Plus, twenty for MNCAT Classic). One cannot assume that MNCAT users in general also would have an 86 percent perception of success were they to use MNCAT Classic; familiarity with the tool could play a part in MNCAT Classic users’ success.
    keywords: classic; mncat; mncat classic; plus; respondents
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        item: #5136 of 5668
          id: ital-2166
      author: Dresselhaus, Angela; Shrode, Flora
       title: Mobile Technologies & Academics: Do Students Use Mobile Technologies in Their Academic Lives and are Librarians Ready to Meet this Challenge?
        date: 2012-06-12
       words: 6769
      flesch: 51
     summary: At USU we interpret the numbers of students who use mobile devices for academic purposes as justification for implementing mobile library access, but we have not set a benchmark for a degree of interest that would trigger more development. Results from the first survey helped us to gain insight into where students at Utah State University (USU) in Logan, Utah, stand regarding their use of mobile devices for academic activities in general and their desire for access to library services and resources in particular.
    keywords: access; devices; libraries; library; mobile; services; students; use
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        item: #5137 of 5668
          id: ital-2167
      author: Kastellec, Mike
       title: Practical Limits to the Scope of Digital Preservation
        date: 2012-06-12
       words: 3684
      flesch: 42
     summary: The author takes a wide-ranging approach to shed light on limitations to the scope of digital preservation. The author proposes a nested model of constraints to the scope of digital preservation and concludes that costs are digital preservation’s most pervasive limitation.
    keywords: access; digital; information; limitations; preservation
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        item: #5138 of 5668
          id: ital-2230
      author: Cuddy, Colleen
       title: President's Message: The Year in Review--Everything Open
        date: 2012-06-12
       words: 1065
      flesch: 65
     summary: Sometimes the challenges were ideological or legal, and sometimes the very technology that we embrace has caused problems, but I think it is safe to say that LITA leadership is working towards a common goal of a transparent structure with open communication channels. The team did an outstanding job on this project and completed the deliverable on time, with very little guidance from LITA leadership—a sure sign of leadership!
    keywords: lita; open
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        item: #5139 of 5668
          id: ital-2241
      author: Chan, Ian; Ly, Pearl; Meulemans, Yvonne Nalani
       title: Extending IM beyond the Reference Desk: A Case Study on the Integration of Chat Reference and Library-Wide Instant Messaging Network
        date: 2012-09-10
       words: 6634
      flesch: 45
     summary: Nicole Johnston, “Improving the Reference and Information Experience of Students in Regional Areas—Does an Instant Messaging Service Make a Difference?” (paper presented at 4th ALIA New Librarians Symposium, December 5–6, 2008, Melbourne, Australia), http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/2076(accessed August 17, 2011); and Alan Cockerill, “Open Source for IM Reference: OpenFire, Fastpath and Spark” (workshop presented at Fair Shake of the Open Source Bottle, Griffith University, Queensland College of Art, Brisbane, Australia, November 20, 2009), http://www.quloc.org.au/download.php?doc_id=6932&site_id=255 (accessed August 4, 2011). Openfire supports internal IM networks at educational institutions such as the University of Pennsylvania, Central Michigan University, and University of California, San Francisco.
    keywords: chat; information; library; network; openfire; reference; use
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        item: #5140 of 5668
          id: ital-2268
      author: Singh, Vandana
       title: Experiences of Migrating to Open Source Integrated Library Systems
        date: 2013-03-30
       words: 7434
      flesch: 65
     summary: The experiences of librarians are useful for people who are evaluating open- source ILSs as well as those who are in the process of adoption. • Designate a liaison between library staff and developers.
    keywords: libraries; library; migration; open; source; system
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        item: #5141 of 5668
          id: ital-2284
      author: Thompson, Susan
       title: Student Use of Library Computers: Are Desktop Computers Still Relevant in Today's Libraries?
        date: 2012-12-12
       words: 6169
      flesch: 56
     summary: For example, the University of Tennessee and Indiana University have shown significant increases in gate counts after they implemented their commons.5 While many studies discuss the value of information commons, very few look at why library computers are preferred over computers in other areas on campus. This study’s results make it clear that we can’t just look at data such as ECAR’s, which show high laptop ownership, and assume that means students don’t want or won’t use library computers.
    keywords: computers; library; percent; students; study; use
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        item: #5142 of 5668
          id: ital-2309
      author: Thorne Wallington, Elizabeth
       title: Social Contexts of New Media Literacy: Mapping Libraries
        date: 2013-12-22
       words: 4910
      flesch: 50
     summary: This paper examines the issue of universal library access by conducting a geospatial analysis of library location and certain socioeconomic factors in the St. Louis, Missouri, metropolitan area. Framed around the issue of universal access to Internet, computers, and technology (ICT) for digital natives, this paper demonstrates patterns of library location related to race and income.
    keywords: city; libraries; library; literacy; media; new
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        item: #5143 of 5668
          id: ital-2311
      author: Becker, Danielle A.; Yannotta, Lauren
       title: Modeling a Library Web Site Redesign Process: Developing a User-Centered Web Site Through Usability Testing
        date: 2013-03-30
       words: 5994
      flesch: 58
     summary: Hulseberg and Monson found in their investigation of student-driven taxonomy for library website design that “by developing our websites based on student-driven taxonomy for library website terminology, features, and organization, we can create sites that allow students to get down to the business of conducting research.” Search engines are preferred because of speed, ease of use, convenience, and availability.1 Similar studies such as Emde et al., and Gross and Sheridan, have shown that students are not using library websites to do their research.2 Gross and Sheridan assert in their article on undergraduate search behavior that “although students are provided with library skills sessions, many of them still struggle with the complex interfaces and myriad of choices the library website provides.”
    keywords: design; information; library; participants; testing; usability; website
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        item: #5144 of 5668
          id: ital-2384
      author: Surla, Bojana Dimić
       title: Eclipse Editor for MARC Records
        date: 2012-09-10
       words: 3901
      flesch: 49
     summary: Some of them support cataloging by direct-editing of MARC record; others have a user interface that enables entering bibliographic data by a user who knows nothing about how MARC records are organized. In this paper we discuss existing approaches in developing user interfaces for editing MARC records.
    keywords: data; editor; marc; record
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        item: #5145 of 5668
          id: ital-2526
      author: Porter, Cynthia
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Appreciation for History
        date: 2012-09-10
       words: 909
      flesch: 71
     summary: He helped me remember library technology. I graduated from library school in 1989.
    keywords: library
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        item: #5146 of 5668
          id: ital-2528
      author: Gerrity, Robert
       title: Editor's Comments
        date: 2012-09-10
       words: 455
      flesch: 50
     summary: We also welcome two new members of the Editorial Board: Brad Eden, the Dean of Library Services and Professor of Library Science at Valparaiso University, and Jerome Yavarkovsky, former University Librarian at Boston College, and the 2004 recipient of ALA’s Hugh C. Atkinson Award. Bob Gerrity (r.gerrity@uq.edu.au) is University Librarian, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
    keywords: library
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        item: #5147 of 5668
          id: ital-2867
      author: Weessies, Kathleen W.; Dotson, Daniel S.
       title: Mapping for the Masses: GIS Lite & Online Mapping Tools in Academic Libraries
        date: 2013-03-30
       words: 4257
      flesch: 50
     summary: An example of the type of map that could be produced from such data using SAS can be seen in figure 4. Figure 4. The level of geography depicted defaults to county level data.
    keywords: data; gis; lite; map; maps; tools
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        item: #5148 of 5668
          id: ital-2892
      author: Donahue, Tim
       title: Animated Subject Maps for Book Collections
        date: 2013-06-10
       words: 4448
      flesch: 57
     summary: Flash is proprietary software, so the benefits of open source software cannot be utilized with subject maps at this time. A final concern regarding the long-term success of subject maps should be mentioned.
    keywords: book; libraries; library; map; maps; subject
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        item: #5149 of 5668
          id: ital-2922
      author: Morris, Ned C.
       title: Computer Based Acquisitions System at Texas A&I University
        date: 1968-03-01
       words: 4281
      flesch: 77
     summary: After the change cards have been interpreted by the IBM 548 interpreter, all parts of the orders, the original request cards, and both change cards are delivered to the Li- brary, where order parts are separated and the originals are mailed to their respective dealers. Appreciation is extended also to Mr. R. C. Jane- way, Librarian at Texas Technological College, for submitting some worthy ideas on design of order forms and on acquisitions procedures in general.
    keywords: acquisitions; card; change; computer; library; order; system
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        item: #5150 of 5668
          id: ital-2923
      author: Johnson, Richard D.
       title: A Book Catalog at Stanford
        date: 1968-03-01
       words: 17933
      flesch: 78
     summary: The catalog, issued an- nually, is in three parts: an author & title catalog, a subject catalog, and a shelf list. Output for the annual author & title catalog and subject catalog from the com- puter printer were to be photographically reduced, offset masters created, and fifty copies printed.
    keywords: area; author; book catalog; card; catalog; entries; entry; information; library; list; number; order; page; program; record; shelf; sort; subject; tape; title; title catalog
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        item: #5151 of 5668
          id: ital-2924
      author: Wedgeworth, Robert
       title: Brown University Library Fund Accounting System
        date: 1968-03-01
       words: 3653
      flesch: 64
     summary: The series of order numbers beginning with 900000 was originally reserved for assignment to our standing order agree- ments with presses, societies, etc. · The Outstanding Order File is in ascending algebraic sequence by Fund Group, Fund Code and order number.
    keywords: card; file; fund; library; order
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        item: #5152 of 5668
          id: ital-2925
      author: Chapin, Richard E.; Pretzer, Dale H.
       title: Comparative Costs of Converting Shelf List Records to Machine Readable Form
        date: 1968-03-01
       words: 3244
      flesch: 69
     summary: Cost figures for converting library records are scarce. The use of paper-tape typewriter for conversion costs more than the other two methods. 3.
    keywords: conversion; library; record; tape
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        item: #5153 of 5668
          id: ital-2926
      author: De Gennaro, Richard
       title: The Development and Administration of Automated Systems in Academic Libraries
        date: 1968-03-01
       words: 8119
      flesch: 51
     summary: The discussion that follows will deal with one of the most obvious: to contract much of the work out to private research and development firms specializing in library systems. There were no firms or consultants with the requisite knowledge and experience in library systems, and the state of the library automation art was confused and lacking in clear h·ends or direction.
    keywords: approach; automation; computer; libraries; library; library automation; library systems; systems
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        item: #5154 of 5668
          id: ital-2927
      author: Auld, Lawrence
       title: Automated Book Order and Circulation Control Procedures at the Oakland University Library
        date: 1968-05-31
       words: 6452
      flesch: 68
     summary: AT THE OAKLAND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Lawrence AULD: Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 93 Automated systems of book order and circulation control using an IBM 1620 Computer are described as developed at Oakland University. Output from the computer is a series of printouts: purchase orders, Library of Congress card orders, Oakland University invoice-vouchers, a complete Fig.
    keywords: book; card; file; library; number; order; system; university
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        item: #5155 of 5668
          id: ital-2928
      author: Black, Donald V.
       title: Creation of Computer Input in an Expanded Character Set
        date: 1968-05-31
       words: 4743
      flesch: 73
     summary: Catalog cards were only:iii .product of the system, but their production was designed to be as clent as possible within constraints of the system. > ....... Ed «: .'ifJ square, which was not used at Santa Cruz, was not counted.fu ~ All data elements were encoded in fixed card fields; that is, the field for each type of inforrnation had a fixed length, generally 300 characters.
    keywords: card; catalog; data; library
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        item: #5156 of 5668
          id: ital-2929
      author: Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: Costs of Library Catalog Cards Produced by Computer
        date: 1968-05-31
       words: 2751
      flesch: 64
     summary: Nevertheless, this paper will examine CHY card production costs as though this segment of the system were an isolated procedure, yielding but one product, as is the case in classical library procedures. Nevertheless, other institutions adopted the CHY procedure for catalog card production, among them the Medical Library at the University of Rochester, which used the programs for two years following February, 1966.
    keywords: cards; catalog; computer; library
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        item: #5157 of 5668
          id: ital-2930
      author: Kennedy, R. A.
       title: Bell Laboratories' Library Real-Time Loan System (BELLREL)
        date: 1968-05-31
       words: 7423
      flesch: 66
     summary: Comparable systems are in use or planned by other libraries (6,7). 130 Journal of Library Automation Vol. 1/2 June, 1968 Reservations for individuals or other libraries in the network are hand posted on the charge card.
    keywords: bellrel; book; computer; libraries; library; loan; number; system; time
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        item: #5158 of 5668
          id: ital-2931
      author: Scott, Jack W.
       title: An Integrated Computer Based Technical Processing System in a Small College Library
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 2270
      flesch: 61
     summary: Output from the Friden consists of the multiple order, a punched paper tape containing the full bibliographic entry but no order information, and tab cards, punched by the slave IBM Key Punch, which contain full order information but only abbreviated bibliographic data. The tab cards, containing full order information, are used as input to the 1440 computer to create an on order file arranged by order 152 /ou·rnal of Library Automation Vol.
    keywords: library; order; tape
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        item: #5159 of 5668
          id: ital-2932
      author: Kountz, John C.
       title: Cost Comparison of Computer Versus Manual Catalog Maintenance
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 5669
      flesch: 67
     summary: However, essentially the same burden rate is applicable to both, primarily because of the amortization of computer system development costs, the dollar amount of which approximates the supervisorial an~ administrative costs of the manual system. However, the cost per entry figure for computer assisted file maintenance must also be derived before comparison with the total manual figure of $1.71 per entry is possible.
    keywords: catalog; computer; cost; entry; file; library
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        item: #5160 of 5668
          id: ital-2933
      author: Chen, Ching-chih; Kingham, E. Robert
       title: Subject Reference Lists Produced by Computer
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 5444
      flesch: 71
     summary: It was decided that the existing Library Serials Maintenance Form could be used with minor modifications to produce reference lists. Such subject reference lists could be easily generated if the library catalogue were in machine readable form ( 6, 8), but since a computer- ized catalogue was not foreseen at Waterloo for some time to come, the library had to design and develop an independent system to fulfil refer- ence needs.
    keywords: card; code; engineering; library; list; number; record; reference; subject
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        item: #5161 of 5668
          id: ital-2934
      author: Murrill, Donald P.
       title: Production of Library Catalog Cards and Bulletin Using an IBM 1620 Computer and an IBM 870 Document Writing System
        date: 1968-08-31
       words: 4862
      flesch: 74
     summary: Computerizing the production of catalog cards enables one set of key- punched cards to produce several sets of computer punched cards and, thus, several catalog cards for each book. Another pro· gram produces punched cards which instruct the 870 to type a library accessions bulletin.
    keywords: cards; catalog; library; punched
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        item: #5162 of 5668
          id: ital-2935
      author: Balfour, Frederick M.
       title: Conversion of Bibliographic Information to Machine Readable Form Using On-Line Computer Terminals
        date: 1968-12-01
       words: 3546
      flesch: 63
     summary: Allowing 350 char- acters per shelf list card, typists were making one error for every 830 keystrokes. Line numbers, as they are stored on the disc, are included on the right margin for ease of explanation.
    keywords: computer; conversion; information; library; line
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        item: #5163 of 5668
          id: ital-2936
      author: Ruecking, Jr., Frederick H.
       title: Bibliographic Retrieval from Bibliographic Input; the Hypothesis and Construction of a Test
        date: 1968-12-01
       words: 4013
      flesch: 63
     summary: Before the retrieval methodology can be described, it is necessary to outline the compression technique to be used with author and title words. Thus, the uniqueness of a string of title words is reduced to the following chance of duplication: (2.5 X 1.33 )• 3.3• n• or-n 232 Journal of Library Automation Vol.
    keywords: 4x 2y; data; title; words
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        item: #5164 of 5668
          id: ital-2937
      author: Weil, Cherie B.
       title: Automatic Retrieval of Biographical Reference Books
        date: 1968-12-01
       words: 4814
      flesch: 61
     summary: BASIC ASSUMPTIONS The categorizing system was based on two nearly universal generaliza- ti.ons about biographical reference books: 1) They are consistently con- fined to biographies of persons who have something in common: for ex- ample, being alive or dead; or having the same nationality, sex, occupa- tion, religion, race, memberships; or possessing some combination of those attributes. RESULTS To obtain some measure of the program's accuracy, fourteen textbook questions, probably more challenging than the average patron would ask, were submitted to the computer and to a professional librarian who was especially familiar with biographical reference books.
    keywords: biographical; books; data; reference; sex
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        item: #5165 of 5668
          id: ital-2938
      author: Nugent, William R.
       title: Compression Word Coding Techniques for Information Retrieval
        date: 1968-12-01
       words: 3669
      flesch: 63
     summary: The following principle, not quite a theorem, applies: Considering letters in their normal ordinal alphabetic position, and considering letter transitions to be unidirectional and cyclic, the distribution of transition distances in English words is essentially uniform. ( 22,4,1,16,3,11) letter numbers distances ( 3 ) Associate with each transition distance a corresponding prime number.
    keywords: code; distance; letters; transition; word
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        item: #5166 of 5668
          id: ital-2939
      author: Avram, Henriette D.; Droz, Julius R.
       title: MARC II and COBOL
        date: 1968-12-01
       words: 4319
      flesch: 71
     summary: Griffin ( 1) expressed his concern by stating, Users will r~quire program- mers skilled in languages other than FORTRAN or COBOL to take ad- vantage of MARC records. 1/ 4 December, 1968 ment within which to test the use of COBOL, it was decided to integrate the analysis of the COBOL language with the task at hand, i.e, the pro- gramming effort required to produce the necessary reports from a mag- netic tape file of MARC records.
    keywords: byte; data; directory; field; format; marc; record
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        item: #5167 of 5668
          id: ital-3001
      author: Tallent, Ed
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Technology and Mission: Reflections of a First-Year Library Director
        date: 2012-12-12
       words: 1364
      flesch: 50
     summary: What is perhaps less unique is how these issues of library technology intersect with some very high priority college initiatives and challenges. My library will be working with the appropriate campus offices next year to develop a plan for funding targeted library content for alumni as part of the college’s broader strategic activities to engage alumni.
    keywords: library; technology
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        item: #5168 of 5668
          id: ital-3002
      author: Starr, Karen J.
       title: President's Message: 21st Century Skills, 21st Century Infrastructure
        date: 2011-06-01
       words: 792
      flesch: 43
     summary: AnD liBrAries | June 2011 recreation, law enforcement and public safety, and social services available in the community ■■ access to electronic encyclopedias, local libraries’ cata- logs, full-text articles online, and document delivery.”2 The results reflected the pub- lic’s interest at that time in the following: ■■ “expert advice on a variety of topics including medi- cine, law, car repair, computer technology, animal husbandry, and gardening ■■ economic development, investment, bank rates, con- sumer product safety, and insurance ■■ community-based information such as events, vol- unteers, local classified advertisements, special interest groups, housing information, public meet- ings, transportation schedules, and local employment opportunities ■■ computer training, foreign language programs, homework service, teacher recertification, school activities, school scheduling, and adult education ■■ electronic mail and the ability to transfer files locally as well as worldwide ■■ access to public records, voting records of legisla- tors, absentee voting, the ability to renew a driver’s license, the rules and regulations from governmental agencies, and taxes ■■ information about hunting and fishing, environmen- tal quality, the local weather, road advisories, sports, Karen J. starr (karen.j.starr@gmail.com) is Lita President 2010-11 and assistant administrator for Library and develop- ment Services, nevada State Library and archives, carson city.
    keywords: information
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        item: #5169 of 5668
          id: ital-3003
      author: Truitt, Marc
       title: Editorial: Singularity--Are We There Yet?
        date: 2011-06-01
       words: 3846
      flesch: 65
     summary: In this case, “alive enough” was sufficient for the purpose at hand.4 Sometime later, Turkle read and publicly expressed her reservations about British computer scientist David Levy’s book, Love and Sex with Robots, in which Levy pre- dicted that by the middle of this century, Love with robots will be as normal as love with other humans, while the number of sexual acts and lovemak- ing positions commonly practiced between humans will be extended, as robots will teach more than is in all of the world’s published sex manuals combined.5 Contacted by a reporter from Scientific American about her comments regarding Levy’s book, Turkle was stunned when the reporter, equating the possibility of relation- ships between humans and robots with gay and lesbian relationships, accused her of likewise opposing these human-to-human relationships. The first half of Turkle’s book is the history of “socia- ble robots” and our interactions with them.
    keywords: aboujaoude; ibid; libraries; robots; turkle
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        item: #5170 of 5668
          id: ital-3005
      author: Vaughan, Jason; Costello, Kristen
       title: Management and Support of Shared Integrated Library Systems
        date: 2011-06-01
       words: 7857
      flesch: 54
     summary: UNLV how many shared Innovative library systems exist. Updating circula- tion parameters are tasks best performed by each of the created a list of 20 duties related to ILS system adminis- tration and asked respondents to indicate whether: the main library or a central consortial or cooperative office dedicated to the ILS handles this particular duty; the duty is shared between the main library and partner librar- ies; or the duty is handled by just a partner library.
    keywords: n e; o n; p o
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        item: #5171 of 5668
          id: ital-3006
      author: DeRidder, Jody L.
       title: Benign Neglect: Developing Life Rafts for Digital Content
        date: 2011-06-01
       words: 3077
      flesch: 44
     summary: This is an acknowledgment of current resource limitations relative to the burgeon- ing quantities of digital content that need to be preserved. However, a short survey of some of the leading efforts clarifies for even the casual observer that implementation of the proposed standards is beyond many of those who are creating or hosting digital content, particularly because of restrictions on acceptable formats, requirements for extensive metadata in specific XML encodings, need for programmers for implementation, costs for participation, or simply a lack of a clear set of steps for the unini- tiated to follow (examples include: Planets, PREMIS, DCC, CASPAR, iRods, Sound Directions, HathiTrust).1 The deluge of digital content coupled with the lack of funding for digital preservation and exacerbated by the expanding variety of formats, makes the application of extensive standards and extraordinary techniques beyond the reach of the majority.
    keywords: content; digital; file; preservation; system
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        item: #5172 of 5668
          id: ital-3007
      author: Zhang, Hong; Smith, Linda C.; Twidale, Michael; Gao, Fang Huang
       title: Seeing the Wood for the Trees: Enhancing Metadata Subject Elements with Weights
        date: 2011-06-01
       words: 3779
      flesch: 54
     summary: The fact that weighted indexing has become more prominently needed over the past decade may be related to the shift in the continuum from subject indexing as representation/ surrogate to subject indexing as access points, which is consistent with the shift from a small number of subject terms to more subject terms. Because of the difficulty of selecting words to represent visual/aural sym- bolism, subject indexing for art and cultural objects is usually guided by Panofsky’s three levels of meaning (pre-iconographical, iconographical, and post-iconographical), further refined by Layne in “ofness” and “aboutness” in each level.
    keywords: indexing; information; metadata; subject; weighting
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        item: #5173 of 5668
          id: ital-3008
      author: Wang, Fang
       title: Building an Open Source Institutional Repository at a Small Law School Library: Is it Realistic or Unattainable?
        date: 2011-06-01
       words: 3161
      flesch: 54
     summary: Greenstone is a tool developed in New Zealand for building and dis- tributing digital library collections. “The Texas Tech University School of Law digital repository,” http://reposi tory.law.ttu.edu/ (accessed Apr. 5, 2011).
    keywords: digital; law; library; repository
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        item: #5174 of 5668
          id: ital-3012
      author: Gerrity, Robert
       title: Editor's Comments
        date: 2012-12-12
       words: 381
      flesch: 47
     summary: This month’s issue takes some of these themes further, with articles that examine the usability of autocompletion features in library search interfaces (Ward, Hahn, and Feist), reveal patterns of student use of library computers (Thompson), propose a cloud-based digital library storage solution (Sosa-Sosa), and summarize attributes of open standard file formats (Park, Oh). The first volume of JOLA offers a fascinating glimpse into early days of library automation, when many things were different, such as the size (big) and capacity (small) of computer hardware, and many things were the same (e.g., Richard Johnson’s description of the book catalog project at Stanford, where “the major achievement of the preliminary systems design was to establish a meaningful dialogue between the librarian and systems and computer personnel.”
    keywords: library
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        item: #5175 of 5668
          id: ital-3037
      author: Starr, Karen J.
       title: President's Message: Membership, Leadership, Emerging Leaders, and LITA
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 538
      flesch: 34
     summary: LITA leadership, including the Membership Development Committee, Committee and Interest Group Chairs, the Education Committee, LITA Emerging Leaders, and others, will be included in an ongoing dialogue to see how and what can be implemented from the LITA Leadership Institute and the LITA Mentorship Program recommendations as submitted by the 2009 Emerging Leaders Team T. Follow-up by LITA to implement the recommendations of emerging leader projects is important to the vitality and longevity of the association. Team members included Amanda Hornby (University of Washington), Angelica Guerrero Fortin (San Diego County Library), Dan Overfield (Cuyahoga Community College), and Lisa Carlucci Thomas (Yale University).
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5176 of 5668
          id: ital-3038
      author: Truitt, Marc
       title: Editorial: "The Air is Full of People"
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 1921
      flesch: 64
     summary: eDitOriAl | truitt 3 W ithin the last few months, two provocative books have been published that take different approaches to the question of how we learn in the always-on, always-connected electronic environment of “screens.” Powers then reviews how he and his family used these techniques to regain the sense of control and depth they felt they’d lost to screens.
    keywords: carr; libraries
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        item: #5177 of 5668
          id: ital-3039
      author: Porter, Cynthia
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Is Open Access the Answer?
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 845
      flesch: 56
     summary: I like the definition provided by EnablingOpenScholarship: Open Access is the immediate (upon or before publica- tion), online, free availability of research outputs with- out any of the restrictions on use commonly imposed by publisher copyright agreements.1 My focus on OA journals increased precipitously when the licensing for a popular American weekly medi- cal journal changed. The number of OA journals is increasing, and I believe we will continue to see that the articles are reach- ing readers and making a difference.
    keywords: access
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        item: #5178 of 5668
          id: ital-3040
      author: Yelton, Andromeda
       title: A Simple Scheme for Book Classification Using Wikipedia
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 5404
      flesch: 54
     summary: ■■ Conclusions Even a simple system, quickly assembled from freely available parts, can have modest success in identifying book categories. He then used that relat- edness to determine how strongly words from a target document predicted various Wikipedia categories.
    keywords: categories; category; classification; wikipedia
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        item: #5179 of 5668
          id: ital-3041
      author: Maceli, Monica; Wiedenbeck, Susan; Abels, Eileen
       title: The Internet Public Library (IPL): An Exploratory Case Study on User Perceptions
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 6152
      flesch: 45
     summary: For participants that were current public library users, physical public libraries (and other local academic libraries) were used to fill in the gaps current public library users, and four (P2, P3, P7, and P10) had used public libraries in the past but were no longer using their services. In respect to our study, we found no literature that studied perceptions of Internet public libraries.
    keywords: information; internet; ipl; libraries; library; public
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        item: #5180 of 5668
          id: ital-3042
      author: Tous, Ruben; Guerrero, Manel; Delgado, Jaime
       title: Semantic Web for Reliable Citation Analysis in Scholarly Publishing
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 5645
      flesch: 41
     summary: As a collateral effect, authors and publishers also will be able to store evidences (in the form of digitally signed metadata graphs) that demonstrate different facts related to the creating–edit- ing–publishing process (e.g., paper submission, paper acceptance, and paper publication). PuBlisHiNG | tOus, GuerrerO, AND DelGADO 27 the purpose of the reference architecture described in this paper, we do not instruct which of the two described approaches for signing RDF graphs is to be used.
    keywords: analysis; citation; paper; rdf; scholarly
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        item: #5181 of 5668
          id: ital-3043
      author: Fulton, Camilla
       title: Web Accessibility, Libraries, and the Law
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 5219
      flesch: 41
     summary: ■■ Most libraries are not included as entities that must comply with state web accessibility statutes. “Most libraries are not included as entities that must comply with state web accessibility statutes.” True—From the perspective of a librarian, the above data means that forty-eight states would require web accessibility compliance for their state libraries (see appendix).
    keywords: accessibility; code; libraries; state; statutes; web
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        item: #5182 of 5668
          id: ital-3044
      author: Emanuel, Jennifer
       title: Usability of the VuFind Next-Generation Online Catalog
        date: 2011-03-01
       words: 7022
      flesch: 63
     summary: Library users are now accustomed to using a single search box, such as with Google; they also use nonlibrary online tools to find information about books and no longer view library cata- logs as the primary place to look for books.11 As users are no longer accustomed to using the con- trolled language and particular searching methods of library catalogs because they have moved to discover- ing materials online, libraries must adapt to new way of obtaining information and focus not on teaching users how to locate library materials, but give them the tools to discover on their own.12 VuFind is one option among many in the genre of next-generation or discovery-catalog tools. Some librarians view the interface as only part of the problem of library catalogs and point to cataloging and metadata practices as the larger underlying problem.
    keywords: catalog; information; library; participants; search; users; vufind
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        item: #5183 of 5668
          id: ital-3093
      author: Schlesselman-Tarango, Gina
       title: Searchable Signatures: Context and the Struggle for Recognition
        date: 2013-09-15
       words: 5724
      flesch: 46
     summary: 27 In fact, some are currently utilizing social tags in an effort to describe and facilitate access to collections. Capturing context remains a challenge for those working with digital collections, but searchable signatures allow viewers to derive valuable use data and sociohistorical information to better understand the world in which digital images originated and exist.
    keywords: digital; information; recognition; searchable; signatures; social
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        item: #5184 of 5668
          id: ital-3123
      author: DeRidder, Jody L.
       title: First Aid Training for Those on the Front Lines: Digital Preservation Needs Survey Results 2012
        date: 2013-06-10
       words: 2993
      flesch: 37
     summary: This article reports on the results of a follow-up survey to identify the topics and types of materials most important to webinar attendees and their institutions for digital preservation, in the fall of 2012. • Creating and maintaining effective organizational models for digital preservation (i.e. collaboration with Central IT and/or external vendors, etc.).
    keywords: digital; percent; respondents
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        item: #5185 of 5668
          id: ital-3124
      author: Starr, Karen J.
       title: President’s Message: BTOP, Broadband, E-Rate, and LITA
        date: 2010-12-01
       words: 565
      flesch: 46
     summary: The new strategic plan includes an advocacy and policy goal that calls for LITA to advocate for and participate in the adoption of legislation, policies, technologies, and standards that promote equitable access to information and technology. Colby Riggs (University of California–Irvine) rep- resents LITA on the Office for Information Technology Policy Advisory Committee.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5186 of 5668
          id: ital-3125
      author: Truitt, Marc
       title: Editorial: The Space in Between, or, Why ITAL Matters
        date: 2010-12-01
       words: 2918
      flesch: 56
     summary: A number of narrative answers to the survey make it clear that ITAL readers who are LITA members perceive a link In years past, ITAL’s income from advertising paid the bills and even generated additional revenue for LITA coffers.
    keywords: ital; lita; percent
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        item: #5187 of 5668
          id: ital-3126
      author: Marmion, Dan
       title: Editorial: Why Is ITAL Important?
        date: 2010-12-01
       words: 998
      flesch: 52
     summary: [I would] be more likely to purchase it for either my office or for the gen- eral collection. (Donna Cranmer) ITAL begins as the oldest and best-established journal for refereed scholarly work in library automation and information technology, a role that by itself is impor- tant to libraries and the library profession. As the official publication of America’s largest professional association for library and information technology, ITAL assures a broad audience for important work—and, thanks to its cost- recovery subscription pricing, ITAL makes that work available to nonmembers at prices far below the norm for scholarly publishing.
    keywords: ital
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        item: #5188 of 5668
          id: ital-3127
      author: Farnel, Sharon
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: System Requirements
        date: 2010-12-01
       words: 1099
      flesch: 43
     summary: I should also note that five of the lists I found focus more on software and hardware than on skills in using said software and hardware. Once I had found the requirements, I examined them in some detail to get a sense of the kinds of skills listed.
    keywords: information
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        item: #5189 of 5668
          id: ital-3128
      author: Malizia, Alessio; Bottoni, Paolo; Levialdi, S.
       title: Generating Collaborative Systems for Digital Libraries: a Model-Driven Approach
        date: 2010-12-01
       words: 11062
      flesch: 43
     summary: The entities of the CRADLE metamodel allow the specification of col- lections, structures, services, and communities of users (called “societies” in CRADLE) and partially reflect the DELOS Manifesto. Designers of DLs can exploit the domain-specific visual language (DVSL) available in the CRADLE envi- ronment—where familiar entities extracted from the referred taxonomies are represented graphically—to model data structures, interfaces and services offered to the final users.
    keywords: code; collection; cradle; digital; dls; document; information; libraries; library; model; services
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        item: #5190 of 5668
          id: ital-3129
      author: Visser, Marijke; Ball, Mary Alice
       title: The Middle Mile: The Role of the Public Library in Ensuring Access to Broadband
        date: 2010-12-01
       words: 6825
      flesch: 40
     summary: Access to broadband Internet today increases This paper discusses the role of the public library in ensuring access to the broadband communication that is so critical in today’s knowledge-based society. Three anticipated outcomes of providing community access to broadband are ■■ civic participation will increase; ■■ communities will realize economic growth; and ■■ individual quality of life will improve.
    keywords: access; broadband; community; information; internet; library; local; public
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        item: #5191 of 5668
          id: ital-3130
      author: Hilera, José R.; Pagés, Carmen; Martínez, J. Javier; Gutiérrez, J. Antonio; de-Marcos, Luis
       title: An Evolutive Process to Convert Glossaries into Ontologies
        date: 2010-12-01
       words: 7266
      flesch: 37
     summary: This paper describes the process of creating a lightweight ontology of the domain of software engineering, starting from the IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology.7 ■■ Ontologies, the Semantic Web, and Libraries Within the field of librarianship, ontologies are already being used as alternative tools to traditional controlled vocabularies. Ontology development process <owl:Class rdf:about=”#HighOrderLanguage”> <rdfs:label>HighOrderLanguage</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment><![CDATA[A programming language that requires little knowledge of the computer on which a program will run, can be translated into several different machine languages, allows symbolic naming of operations and addresses, provides features designed to facilitate expression of data structures and program logic, and usually results in several machine instructions for each program statement.
    keywords: glossary; language; ontologies; ontology; owl; relationships; term
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        item: #5192 of 5668
          id: ital-3131
      author: Quinney, Kayla L.; Smith, Sara D.; Galbraith, Quinn
       title: Bridging the Gap: Self-Directed Staff Technology Training
        date: 2010-12-01
       words: 6159
      flesch: 51
     summary: (participants were asked to allocate 100 points among the categories) Category Average Response Instructor-led large group 15.3 Instructor-led small group 27 One-on-one instruction 3.5 Web tutorial 12.8 Self-learning (books, articles) 27.4 DVDs .5 Small group discussion 2.7 Large group discussion 2.6 Other 6.7 I am more likely to incorporate new technology into my home or work life. Answer Response Percent Strongly disagree 0 0 Disagree 2 3 Agree 49 77 Strongly agree 13 20 I enjoy the process of making new technology a part of my work or home life.
    keywords: challenge; learning; library; self; staff; technology
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        item: #5193 of 5668
          id: ital-3132
      author: Brown-Sica, Margaret; Beall, Jeffrey; McHale, Nina
       title: Next-Generation Library Catalogs and the Problem of Slow Response Time
        date: 2010-12-01
       words: 5037
      flesch: 58
     summary: The authors also discuss acceptable response time and how it may affect the discovery process. They suggest that librarians and vendors should develop standards for acceptable response time and use it in the product selec- tion and development processes.
    keywords: catalog; library; response; time
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        item: #5194 of 5668
          id: ital-3134
      author: Starr, Karen J.
       title: President's Message: Moving Forward
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 868
      flesch: 54
     summary: How we deal with the current shifts happening in information and technology during the next five to ten years will say a great deal about how the library and information community reinvents itself for its role in the twenty-first century. This shift is different, and it will create both opportunities and challenges for everyone, including those who manage information and those who use it.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5195 of 5668
          id: ital-3135
      author: Dehmlow, Mark
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Adding Value in the Internet Age--Libraries, Openness, and Programmers
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 976
      flesch: 51
     summary: Our response to the shifting environment has been to envision how libraries can provide the best value to our patrons despite an information ecosystem that duplicates (and to some extent replaces) services that have been a core part of our profession for ages. There are many other ways libraries create value for our users, and one of the best is for us to respond to needs that are specific to our organizations and users— specialized services, focused collections, contextualized discovery, all integrated into environments in which our patrons work,
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #5196 of 5668
          id: ital-3136
      author: Park, Jung-ran; Tosaka, Yuji
       title: Metadata Creation Practices in Digital Repositories and Collections: Schemata, Selection Criteria, and Interoperability
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 7446
      flesch: 37
     summary: Types of semi-automatic metadata generation tools in use Types Response Rating Metadata format conversion 38 (38.6%) Templates and editors for metadata creation 26 (27.0%) Criteria for selecting metadata schemata (multiple responses) Question: which criteria were applied in selecting metadata schemata?
    keywords: creation; digital; metadata; percent; practices; schemata; survey
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        item: #5197 of 5668
          id: ital-3137
      author: Walsh, Maureen P.
       title: Batch Loading Collections into DSpace: Using Perl Scripts for Automation and Quality Control
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 6322
      flesch: 55
     summary: These first three years of community-supplied CSV files contained author metadata inconsistent with Knowledge Bank author entries. The OSU Digital Initiatives Steering Committee 2002 proposal for the OJS digitization project had predated the Knowledge Bank DSpace instance.
    keywords: bank; batch; dspace; knowledge; knowledge bank; loading; metadata; scripts
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        item: #5198 of 5668
          id: ital-3138
      author: Weber, Lynne; Lawrence, Peg
       title: Authentication and Access: Accommodating Public Users in an Academic World
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 7941
      flesch: 45
     summary: Does your library have a written policy for use of open access computers in the public area of the library? Question 7 indicates that 50 of the 61 responding libraries did offer the public two or more open-access computers. Electronic resources on open access computers (N = 50) Figure 10.
    keywords: access; authentication; computers; libraries; library; public; users
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        item: #5199 of 5668
          id: ital-3139
      author: Yang, Sharon Q.; Hofmann, Melissa A.
       title: The Next Generation Library Catalog: A Comparative Study of the OPACs of Koha, Evergreen, and Voyager
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 5051
      flesch: 58
     summary: The comparison took place primarily in six areas: search, presentation of results, enriched content, user participation, personaliza- tion, and Web 2.0 technologies applied in OPACs. Faceted navigation ü û û Keyword search
    keywords: catalog; koha; library; search
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        item: #5200 of 5668
          id: ital-3140
      author: Zhou, Yongli
       title: Are Your Digital Documents Web Friendly?: Making Scanned Documents Web Accessible
        date: 2010-09-01
       words: 6248
      flesch: 69
     summary: File format and color mode versus PDF file size File Format Scan Specifications TIFF Size (KB) PDF Size (KB) TIFF Color 24 bits 23,141 900 This paper focuses on how the Colorado State University Libraries cre- ates and optimizes text-based and digitized PDF documents for easy access, download- ing, and printing.
    keywords: color; file; images; pdf; text; tiff
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        item: #5201 of 5668
          id: ital-3141
      author: Frisque, Michelle
       title: President’s Message: The End and New Beginnings
        date: 2010-06-01
       words: 682
      flesch: 66
     summary: 2. Innovation: To serve the library community, LITA expert members will identify and demonstrate the value of new and existing technologies within ALA and beyond. 3. Advocacy and policy: LITA will advocate for and participate in the adoption of legislation, policies, technologies, and standards that promote equitable access to information and technology. 4. 5. Collaboration and outreach: LITA will reach out and col- laborate with other library organizations to increase the awareness of the importance of technology in libraries, improve services to existing members, and reach out to new members.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5202 of 5668
          id: ital-3142
      author: Truitt, Marc
       title: Editorial: No More Silver Bullets, Please
        date: 2010-06-01
       words: 1635
      flesch: 62
     summary: Far be it from me to second-guess the Rangeview staff’s judgment as to how best to serve the community there.1 Rather, what got my attention was LJ’s reference to a “palpable hunger”for magic ammunition, from whose presumed existence we in libraries seem to draw com- fort. ■■ Libraries arranged along the lines of chain book- stores.
    keywords: library
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        item: #5203 of 5668
          id: ital-3143
      author: Boze, Andy
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: ITAL 2.0
        date: 2010-06-01
       words: 821
      flesch: 69
     summary: Frankly I’d like to encourage discussion on topics beyond only the articles published in ITAL. Even though they were discontinued, those could still be interesting topics for discussion between ITAL readers.
    keywords: ital
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        item: #5204 of 5668
          id: ital-3144
      author: Fagan, Jody Condit
       title: Usability Studies of Faceted Browsing: A Literature Review
        date: 2010-06-01
       words: 7412
      flesch: 54
     summary: This article reviews the literature for user studies involving faceted browsing and user studies of “next-generation” library catalogs that incorporate faceted browsing. The article proposes methodological considerations for prac- ticing librarians and provides examples of goals, tasks, and measurements for user studies of faceted browsing in library catalogs.
    keywords: browsing; faceted; facets; interface; library; search; studies
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        item: #5205 of 5668
          id: ital-3145
      author: Quinn, Brian
       title: Reducing Psychological Resistance to Digital Repositories
        date: 2010-06-01
       words: 8604
      flesch: 40
     summary: Faculty with no self-archiving experience also felt that many publishers do not allow self-archiving, reduciNG PsYcHoloGicAl resistANce to diGitAl rePositories | QuiNN 69 more open to information that challenges their beliefs and attitudes and are more open to suggestion.18 Thus before beginning a discussion of why users should deposit their research in repositories, it might help to first affirm the users’ self-concept. reduciNG PsYcHoloGicAl resistANce to diGitAl rePositories | QuiNN 67 and MIT mandates, and other mandates such as the one instituted at Stanford’s School of Education, have come to pass, and the Registry of Open Access Repository Material Archiving Policies (ROARMAP) lists more than 120 mandates around the world that now exist.3 While it is too early to tell whether these developments will be successful in getting faculty to deposit their work in digital repositories, they at least establish a precedent that other institutions may follow.
    keywords: digital; faculty; psychologists; repositories; repository; resistance; user; work
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        item: #5206 of 5668
          id: ital-3146
      author: Back, Godmar; Bailey, Annette
       title: Web Services and Widgets for Library Information Systems
        date: 2010-06-01
       words: 6796
      flesch: 50
     summary: Supported Google Book classes Google Book Class Meaning gbs-thumbnail gbs-link-to-preview gbs-link-to-info gbs-link-to-thumbnail gbs-embed-viewer gbs-if-noview gbs-if-partial-or-full gbs-if-partial gbs-if-full gbs-remove-on-failure Include an <img...> embedding the thumbnail image Wrap span/div in link to preview at Google Book Search (GBS) Wrap span/div in link to info page at GBS Wrap span/div in link to thumbnail at GBS Directly embed a viewer for book’s content into the page, if possible Keep this span/div only if GBS reports that book’s viewability is “noview” Keep this span/div only if GBS reports that book’s viewability is at least “partial” Keep this span/div only if GBS reports that book’s viewability is “partial” Keep this span/div only if GBS reports that book’s viewability is “full” Remove this span/div if GBS doesn’t return book information for this item <title> attribute to instruct the widget library to harvest the ISBN from the current page via screen scraping. Godmar Back and Annette Bailey Web Services and Widgets for Library Information Systems As more libraries integrate information from web services to enhance their online public displays, techniques that facilitate this integration are needed.
    keywords: google; information; majax; mash; server; web
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        item: #5207 of 5668
          id: ital-3147
      author: Han, Yan
       title: On the Clouds: A New Way of Computing
        date: 2010-06-01
       words: 3869
      flesch: 49
     summary: This article introduces cloud computing and discusses the author’s experience “on the clouds.” He evaluates costs, discusses advantages, and addresses some issues about cloud computing.
    keywords: cloud; computing; data; library; systems
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        item: #5208 of 5668
          id: ital-3148
      author: Eden, Bradford Lee
       title: The New User Environment: The End of Technical Services?
        date: 2010-06-01
       words: 6377
      flesch: 49
     summary: Libraries have long worked in the Mercedes arena, providing features such as authority control, subject classification, and redundant localizing of bibliographic records that were essential when libraries held the monopoly on informa- tion access but are no longer cost-efficient—nor even sane—strategies in the current information marketplace. That component of the staff was entirely devoted to arcane and mysterious processes involved in selecting, acquiring, cataloging, pro- cessing, and otherwise making available to library users physical material containing information con- tent pieces (incops).
    keywords: information; libraries; library; new; services; staff; technical
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        item: #5209 of 5668
          id: ital-3149
      author: Frisque, Michelle
       title: President's Message: Join Us at the Forum!
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 834
      flesch: 64
     summary: Program proposals are due February 19, so I cannot give you specifics about the concurrent sessions, but we do hope to have presentations about projects, plans, or discoveries in areas of library-related technology involv- ing emerging cloud technologies; software-as-service, as well as social technologies of various kinds; using vir- tualized or cloud resources for storage or computing in libraries; library-specific open-source software (OSS) and other OSS “in” libraries; technology on a budget; using crowdsourcing and user groups for supporting technol- ogy projects; and training via the crowd. T he first LITA National Forum I attended was in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
    keywords: forum
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        item: #5210 of 5668
          id: ital-3150
      author: Truitt, Marc
       title: Editorial: And Now for Something (Completely) Different
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 1944
      flesch: 59
     summary: A brief round of e-mails among principals at LITA, Ex Libris, and ITAL ensued, with the outcome being that Carl Grant, president of Ex Libris North America, gra- ciously agreed to continue sponsorship for another year and reevaluate underwriting the award for the future. With that, I will end this by again thanking Carl and Ex Libris—because we don’t say thank you often enough!—for their generous support of the LITA/Ex Libris Student Writing Award.
    keywords: ital; libris
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        item: #5211 of 5668
          id: ital-3151
      author: Grant, Carl
       title: A Partnership for Creating Successful Partnerships
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 1183
      flesch: 60
     summary: n The elements of successful sponsorships and partnerships For a sponsorship or partnership to be successful in today’s environment, it should offer at least the following components: 1. A Partnership for Creating Successful Partnerships continued from page 5
    keywords: partnership
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        item: #5212 of 5668
          id: ital-3152
      author: Shores, Sandra
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Issue Introduction to Student Essays
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 1310
      flesch: 51
     summary: His paper, which details the implementation of an open-source mon- itoring system to ensure the availability of library systems and services, is a fine example of the blending of best practices from two professions. She is excited by “the potential for creativity made possible by technol- ogy” and by the way librarians incorporate “collaborative tools and interactive applications into library service.”
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #5213 of 5668
          id: ital-3153
      author: Silver, T. Michael
       title: Monitoring Network and Service Availability with Open-Source Software
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 5666
      flesch: 48
     summary: AND liBRARies | MARcH 2010 # Define a template for switches that we can reuse define host{ name generic-switch use generic-host check_period 24x7 check_interval 5 retry_interval 1 max_check_attempts 10 check_command check-host-alive notification_period 24x7 notification_interval 30 notification_options d,r contact_groups admins register 0 } ############################################################################ # SERVICE TEMPLATES ############################################################################ # Generic service definition template - This is NOT a real service, # just a template! Service monitoring does not appear frequently in library literature, and what is written often relates to single-purpose custom monitoring.
    keywords: appendix; define; file; host; monitoring; nagios; network; service
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        item: #5214 of 5668
          id: ital-3154
      author: Vandenbark, R. Todd
       title: Tending a Wild Garden: Library Web Design for Persons with Disabilities
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 5531
      flesch: 54
     summary: Shawn Lawton Henry and Pasquale Popolizio, “WAI, Quick Tips to Make Accessible Web Sites,” World Wide Web Consortium, Feb. 5, 2008, http://www.w3.org/WAI/quicktips/ Overview.php (accessed Mar. 30, 2008). By following these guidelines, developers create Web content that is readily available to every user regardless of the way it’s accessed.
    keywords: accessibility; accessible; content; information; text; use; web
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        item: #5215 of 5668
          id: ital-3155
      author: Tolkoff, Ilana
       title: The Path toward Global Interoperability in Cataloging
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 4381
      flesch: 54
     summary: Even within a single language, subject headings can be compli- cated and inconsistent because they can be expressed as a single noun, compound noun, noun phrase, or inverted phrase; the problem becomes even greater when trying to translate these to other languages. There would be a single bibliographic record for a single work, rather than multiple bibliographic records in different languages for the same work.
    keywords: authority; cataloging; headings; libraries; library; subject
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        item: #5216 of 5668
          id: ital-3156
      author: Visser, Marijke A.
       title: Tagging: An Organization Scheme for the Internet
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 4882
      flesch: 49
     summary: Internet users in general have barely grasped the concept of Web 2.0 and already the advanced “Internet cognoscenti” write about Web 3.0.2 Regarding the organization and availability of Internet content, librarians need to be ahead of the crowd as the voice who will assure content will be readily accessible to those that seek it. Internet users actively participat- ing in and shaping the online communities are, perhaps unintentionally, influencing how those who access infor- mation via the Internet expect to be able to receive and use digital resources.
    keywords: delicious; information; internet; system; users; web
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        item: #5217 of 5668
          id: ital-3157
      author: Kurtz, Mary
       title: Dublin Core, DSpace, and a Brief Analysis of Three University Repositories
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 4881
      flesch: 51
     summary: Therefore DSpace records have 100 percent participation in the date element. At the time of record creation, DSpace records the identity of the contributor (derived from the sign-in identity and pass- word) and places this information into a dc.provenance element field.
    keywords: contributor; dspace; elements; metadata; record
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        item: #5218 of 5668
          id: ital-3158
      author: Mandel, Lauren H.
       title: Geographic Information Systems: Tools for Displaying In-Library Use Data
        date: 2010-03-01
       words: 4733
      flesch: 44
     summary: Understanding how people use the public library facility beyond traditional measures of circulation statis- tics and reference transactions can lead to new theories of library use, an area of significant research interest for LIS. Instead of a library presenting tables and graphs of library use, it would be able to produce illus- trative maps that would help explain patterns of use to funding and supervising authorities.
    keywords: data; facility; gis; libraries; library; use
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        item: #5219 of 5668
          id: ital-3159
      author: Aveny, Brian
       title: Editorial: Tails Wagging Dogs
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 385
      flesch: 60
     summary: Further methods of relating and using records from different libraries, and even different networks, are becoming necessities in our increasingly interdependent world. Not following recommended OCLC practice of fully updating the rec- ord at each use has created archive tapes requiring significant manual effort to properly reflect library holdings.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #5220 of 5668
          id: ital-3160
      author: Morita, Ichiko
       title: Japanese Character Input: Its State and Problems
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 7377
      flesch: 67
     summary: These are then handled as other Kanji with an individual code. The bit may be changed by shifting, and different Kanji can Block A (For left, left)
    keywords: character; input; japanese; kana; kanji; keyboard; system
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        item: #5221 of 5668
          id: ital-3161
      author: Druschel, Joselyn
       title: Cost Analysis of an Automated and Manual Cataloging and Book Processing System
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 7572
      flesch: 71
     summary: Arrange and file sheljlist copy of fanfold Timeslip (.03/min@ 1.5 min/slip) .045 Revise filing of shelflist copy LT II (.094/min @ l min/slip) .094 Verify authorities (984 x 4) Timeslip (.03/min@ 4 min/item) .12 Type multilith master for card production LT I (.084/min @ 6 min/master) .504 .06/ master Revise typed multilith master LT I (.084/min @ 3 min/master) 4526 136 Separate card sets LT I (.084/min@ 2 sets/min) .042 .042 4297 180 File subject catalog cards (2263x2) LT II (.094/m in @ 1 min/card ) .094 .094 4526 425 File AIT catalog cards (2263 x3 )
    keywords: costs; item; item item; min; month; total
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        item: #5222 of 5668
          id: ital-3162
      author: Borrell, Jerry
       title: How Long the Wait until We Can Call It Television
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 1900
      flesch: 63
     summary: The card will allow system users to access material that will have controlled readership. In a more complex effort, the largest retailer in Paris will advertise material via teletext and system users will be able to make ac- quisitions with their smart card, which can be programmed with financial data.
    keywords: computer; data; information; system
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        item: #5223 of 5668
          id: ital-3163
      author: Cook, Sherry
       title: Data Processing Library: A Very Special Library
        date: 1981-03-01
       words: 830
      flesch: 62
     summary: Developing the collection involved basic cataloging techniques which were greatly modified to encompass all the information that computer programs generate, includ- ing actual code, documentation, and list- ings . The centralization and control of computer programs elimi- nates the chaos that can occur if too many individuals maintain and use the same computer program .
    keywords: computer; library
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        item: #5224 of 5668
          id: ital-3165
      author: Pace, Andrew K.
       title: President's Message: LITA Now
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 758
      flesch: 61
     summary: While we all make sacrifices of time, money, and talent to support our profession, it is often tempting when economic times are hard to isolate ourselves from the professional networks that sustain us in times of plenty. One anecdotal view of this is the number of e-mails I’ve received from committee appointees apologizing that they will not be able to attend ALA conferences as planned because of the economic downturn and local cuts to library budgets.
    keywords: time
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        item: #5225 of 5668
          id: ital-3166
      author: Truitt, Marc
       title: Editorial
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 1944
      flesch: 66
     summary: n In memoriam Most of the snail mail I receive as editor consists of advertisements and press releases from various firms providing IT and other services to libraries. If we are at all typi- cal of large libraries in the Association of Research Libraries (and I think we are), then it will come as no surprise that we seem to add new services with alarming frequency.
    keywords: cooling; services
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        item: #5226 of 5668
          id: ital-3167
      author: Miles, Mathew J.; Bergstrom, Scott J.
       title: Classification of Library Resources by Subject on the Library Website: Is There an Optimal Number of Subject Labels?
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 3724
      flesch: 67
     summary: n Background In preparation for this study, library subject lists were col- lected from a set of thirty library websites in the United However, the number of subject labels varies greatly.
    keywords: gr p; labels; m s; subject
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        item: #5227 of 5668
          id: ital-3168
      author: Jaeger, Paul T.; Yan, Zheng
       title: One Law with Two Outcomes: Comparing the Implementation of CIPA in Public Libraries and Schools
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 7726
      flesch: 42
     summary: Furthermore, the fact that public schools also contain school library media centers highlights some very inter- esting points of intersection between public libraries and school libraries in terms of the consequences of CIPA: While CIPA requires filtering of computers throughout public libraries and public schools, the presence of school library media centers makes the connection between libraries and schools stronger, as do the teaching roles of public libraries (e.g., training classes, workshops, and evening classes). By 2001, more than 99 percent of public school libraries provided students with Internet access.17 By 2007, 99.7 percent of public library branches were connected to the Internet, and 99.1 percent of public library branches offered pub- lic Internet access.18
    keywords: access; cipa; internet; libraries; library; public; public libraries; schools
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        item: #5228 of 5668
          id: ital-3169
      author: Morales-del-Castillo, J. M.; Pedraza-Jiménez, R.; Peis, E.; Herrera-Viedma, E.
       title: A Semantic Model of Selective Dissemination of Information for Digital Libraries
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 7275
      flesch: 43
     summary: Elements of the model There are four basic elements that make up the system: 24 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2009 the thesaurus, user profiles, RSS feeds, and recommenda- tion log files. User profiles are meant to store long-term prefer- ences, but the system must be able to detect any subtle change in these preferences over time to offer accurate recommendations.
    keywords: information; linguistic; model; semantic; system; terms; user; web
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        item: #5229 of 5668
          id: ital-3170
      author: Ketchell, Debra S.; Steinberg, Ryan Max; Yates, Charles; Heilemann, Heidi A.
       title: LaneConnex: An Integrated Biomedical Digital Library Interface
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 5617
      flesch: 52
     summary: The specific objectives of the search application are the following: n The user interface should be fast, simple, and intui- tive, with embedded suggestions for improving search results (e.g., Did you mean? The Lane content owner can directly change the inclusion of search results, how they are displayed, and additional path-finding information.
    keywords: application; clinical; content; information; laneconnex; metasearch; results; search; user
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        item: #5230 of 5668
          id: ital-3171
      author: Jay, Michael; Simpson, Betsy; Smith, Doug
       title: CatQC and Shelf-Ready Material: Speeding Collections to Users While Preserving Data Quality
        date: 2009-03-01
       words: 4678
      flesch: 60
     summary: Parallel records (2) CatQC identifies foreign library records that are candi- dates for parallel record treatment by indicating in the report if the 040 has a non-English subfield b. The results were so favorable that the author speculated that PromptCat would herald a future where libraries can “reassess their local practices and develop greater confidence in national standards so that catalog records can be integrated into local OPACs with minimal revision and library hold- ings can be made available in bibliographic databases as quickly as possible.”2
    keywords: catqc; element; pcdata; records
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        item: #5231 of 5668
          id: ital-3172
      author: Pace, Andrew K.
       title: President's Message: LITA Forever
        date: 2009-06-01
       words: 750
      flesch: 73
     summary: I was warned when I started my term as LITA president that my time at the helm would seem fleeting in retro- spect, and I didn’t believe it. Being elected LITA president is for all intents and purposes a three-year term with shifting responsibili- ties.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5232 of 5668
          id: ital-3173
      author: Truitt, Marc
       title: Editorial: ALA and Our Carbon Footprint
        date: 2009-06-01
       words: 1526
      flesch: 60
     summary: I’ve been reflecting (stewing?) for some time now about the question of ALA conferences: Why do I attend, and what do I get from these gatherings? I used the Carbon Footprint Calculator at www .carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx (accessed Feb. 5, 2009) to compute the CO2 footprint in metric tons for one round-trip flight between Denver and each of the following cities: Atlanta (.40), Boston (.58), Chicago (.30), Dallas (.22), Houston (.29), Los Angeles (.27), Miami (.57), Minneapolis (.23), New York–JFK (.54), Philadelphia (.52), Phoenix (.19), Pittsburgh (.43), Salt Lake City (.23), San Diego (.27), San Francisco (.31), Seattle (.34), and Washington, D.C. (.49).
    keywords: ala; meeting
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        item: #5233 of 5668
          id: ital-3174
      author: Dehmlow, Mark
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: The Ten Commandments of Interacting with Nontechnical People
        date: 2009-06-01
       words: 1391
      flesch: 54
     summary: Somehow, in that time, I have been fortunate to learn some effective mechanisms for providing constructive support and leading successful technical projects with both technically and “semitechnically” minded patrons and librarians. The single best strategy I have found to getting buy-in for technical projects is to include key stakeholders and those with influence in project planning and core decision-making.
    keywords: people; technical
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        item: #5234 of 5668
          id: ital-3175
      author: Yee, Martha M.
       title: Can Bibliographic Data be Put Directly onto the Semantic Web?
        date: 2009-06-01
       words: 14836
      flesch: 42
     summary: | YEE 73 Model Entity FRBR FRAD Place term for the place coordinates other geographical information Discipline Genre/form Name type of name scope of usage dates of usage language of name script of name transliteration scheme of name Identifier type of identifier identifier string suffix Controlled access point type of controlled access point status of controlled access point designated usage of controlled access point undifferentiated access point language of base access point script of base access point script of cataloguing transliteration scheme of base access point transliteration scheme of cataloguing source of controlled access point base access point addition Rules citation for rules rules identifier Agency name of agency agency identifier location of agency attributes/properties in FrBr compared to FraD (cont.) 74 iNForMaTioN TECHNoloGY aND liBrariEs | JuNE 2009 attributes/properties in rDa compared to YCr Model Entity RDA YCR Work title of the work form of work date of work place of origin of work medium of performance numeric designation key signatory to a treaty, etc. other distinguishing characteristic of the work original language of the work history of the work identifier for the work nature of the content coverage of the content coordinates of cartographic content equinox epoch intended audience system of organization dissertation or theses information key identifier for work language-based identifier (preferred lexical label) variant language-based identifier (alternate lexical label) language-based identifier (preferred lexical label) for work language-based identifier for work (preferred lexical label) identified by PrincipalCreator in combination with uniform title language-based identifier (preferred lexical label) for work identified by title alone (uniform title) supplied title for work variant title for work original language of work responsibility for work original publication statement of work dates associated with work original publication/release/broadcast date of work copyright date of work creation date of work date of first recording of a work date of first performance of a work finding date of naturally occurring object original publisher/distributor/broadcaster of work places associated with work original place of publication/distribution/broadcasting for work country of origin of work place of creation of work place of first recording of work place of first performance of work finding place of naturally occurring object original method of publication/distribution/broadcast of work serial or integrating work original numeric and/or alphabetic designations—beginning serial or integrating work original chronological designations— beginning serial or integrating work original numeric and/or alphabetic designations—ending serial or integrating work original chronological designations— ending encoding of content of work genre/form of content of work original instrumentation of musical work instrumentation of musical work—number of a particular instrument instrumentation of musical work—type of instrument original voice(s) of musical work voice(s) of musical work—number of a particular type of voice voice(s) of musical work—type of voice original key of musical work numeric designation of musical work coordinates of cartographic work equinox of cartographic work original physical characteristics of work original extent of work original dimensions of work mode of issuance of work CaN BiBlioGraPHiC DaTa BE PuT DirECTlY oNTo THE sEMaNTiC wEB? | YEE 69 Entities/classes in rDa, FrBr, FraD compared to Yee Cataloging rules (YCr) RDA, FRBR, and FRAD YCR Group 1: Work Work Group 1: Expression Expression Surrogate Group 1: Manifestation Manifestation Title-manifestation Serial title Group 1: Item Item Group 2: Person Person Fictitious character Performing animal Group 2: Corporate body Corporate body Corporate subdivision Place as jurisdictional corporate body Conference or other event as corporate body creator Jurisdictional corporate subdivision Family (RDA and FRAD only) Group 3: Concept Concept Group 3: Object Object Group 3: Event Event or historical period as subject Group 3: Place Place as geographic area Discipline Genre/form Name Identifier Controlled access point Rules (FRAD only) Agency (FRAD only) APPENDIx.
    keywords: corporate; data; entity; expression; manifestation; model; person; place; rdf; semantic; title; web; work
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        item: #5235 of 5668
          id: ital-3176
      author: Bertot, John Carlo
       title: Public Access Technologies in Public Libraries: Effects and Implications
        date: 2009-06-01
       words: 8451
      flesch: 46
     summary: The successful libraries in terms of PAT services and resources visited had staff that could n understand PAT (both in terms of functionality and potential); n think creatively across the technology and library service spectrum; n integrate online content, PAT, and library services; n articulate the value of PAT as an essential commu- nity need and public library service; n articulate the role of the perception of the library by its community as a critical bridge to online con- tent; n demonstrate leadership within the community and library; n form partnerships and extend PAT services and resources into the community; and n raise funds and develop other support mecha- nisms to enhance PAT services and resources in the library and throughout the community. At that time, public libraries essentially experimented with public- access Internet and computer services, largely absorbing this service into existing service and resource provision without substantial consideration of the management, facilities, staffing, and other implications of public-access technology (PAT) services and resources.
    keywords: access; libraries; library; pat; public; public libraries; services; technology
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        item: #5236 of 5668
          id: ital-3177
      author: Smith, Cheri; Guimaraes, Anastasia; Havert, Mandy; Prokrym, Tatiana H.
       title: Missing Items: Automating the Replacement Workflow Process
        date: 2009-06-01
       words: 4121
      flesch: 54
     summary: This article describes the procedure developed by the Hesburgh Libraries of the University of Notre Dame to replace missing items or to withdraw them from the catalog. To compound the problem, budgetary constraints resulted in the suspension of spending from the fund earmarked for the replacement of missing items.
    keywords: database; items; missing; records
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        item: #5237 of 5668
          id: ital-3178
      author: Darby, Andrew; Gilmour, Ron
       title: Adding Delicious Data to Your Library Website
        date: 2009-06-01
       words: 2351
      flesch: 63
     summary: Bag> </taxo:topics> </item> To display Delicious RSS results on a website, the webmaster must use some RSS parsing tool in com- bination with a script to display the results. We begin with a description of Delicious Linkrolls and Tagrolls, the simplest but least flexible method of dis- playing Delicious results.
    keywords: delicious; rss
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        item: #5238 of 5668
          id: ital-3216
      author: Frisque, Michelle
       title: President's Message
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 762
      flesch: 74
     summary: Over the last year I have been working closely with this year’s LITA Emerging Leaders, Lisa Thomas and Holly Tomren. I wish every LITA member could have been at this year’s LITA Camp in Columbus, Ohio, on May 8.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5239 of 5668
          id: ital-3217
      author: Truitt, Marc
       title: Editorial: Computing in the "Cloud"
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 1192
      flesch: 66
     summary: Interest Group at the 2009 ALA Annual Conference in Chicago, two topics dominated the list of proposed HoLT programs for the 2010 Annual Conference. The sexy ones—cloud computing, for example—empha- size New Age-y, “2.0” virtues of collaboration and sharing with perhaps slightly mystic overtones: Exactly where and what is the “cloud,” after all?
    keywords: cloud; stuff
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        item: #5240 of 5668
          id: ital-3218
      author: Eden, Bradford Lee
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Musings on the Demise of Paper
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 876
      flesch: 61
     summary: They are explor- ing the use of color and video, but both have problems in terms of reading experience and battery wear. Or will the “pay by the article” model, like that used for digital music sales, become the norm?
    keywords: libraries; university
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        item: #5241 of 5668
          id: ital-3219
      author: Hutt, Arwen; Stuart, Michael; Suchy, Daniel; Westbrook, Bradley D.
       title: Employing Virtualization in Library Computing: Use Cases and Lessons Learned
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 4471
      flesch: 41
     summary: This paper provides a broad overview of virtualization technology and explains its benefits and drawbacks by describing some of the ways virtualization has been used at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Libraries.2 n Virtualization overview Virtualization is used to partition the physical resources (processor, hard drive, network card, etc.) of one com- puter to run one or more instances of concurrent, but not necessarily identical, operating systems (OSs). n Conclusion As our use cases illustrate, there are numerous potential applications and benefits of virtualization technology in the library environment.
    keywords: application; database; host; user; virtualization
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        item: #5242 of 5668
          id: ital-3220
      author: Lampert, Cory; Vaughan, Jason
       title: Success Factors and Strategic Planning: Rebuilding an Academic Library Digitization Program
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 11018
      flesch: 40
     summary: 116 iNForMaTioN TECHNoloGY aND liBrariES | SEpTEMBEr 2009 Success Factors and Strategic Planning: Rebuilding an Academic Library Digitization Program Cory Lampert and Jason Vaughan This paper discusses a dual approach of case study and research survey to investigate the complex factors in sustaining academic library digitization programs. One UNLV Library Digitization Survey question asked, “how would you characterize support for digitization in your library by the majority of those providing content for digitization projects?”
    keywords: collections; digital; digitization; libraries; library; percent; program; responses; survey; unlv
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        item: #5243 of 5668
          id: ital-3221
      author: Lamont, Melissa
       title: Gender, Technology, and Libraries
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 4451
      flesch: 46
     summary: Hargittai and Shafer conducted a study of Internet skills that draws the same conclusion.18 organizational culture Women may underestimate their abilities and disassoci- ate with IT in part because of the perception of IT orga- nizational culture.19 Technical positions are associated with long and irregular hours, leading to the assump- tion that family and home responsibilities will cause women to be less able to contribute. Wilson points to research indicating that “women’s work tends to be regarded as semi-skilled merely because it is women’s work.
    keywords: authors; libraries; library; technology; women
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        item: #5244 of 5668
          id: ital-3222
      author: Skibiński, Przemyslaw; Swacha, Jakub
       title: The Efficient Storage of Text Documents in Digital Libraries
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 6968
      flesch: 54
     summary: Although text documents are often compressed with general-purpose methods such as Deflate, much better compression can be obtained with a scheme specialized for text, and even better if the scheme is additionally specialized for individual document formats. Table 1 shows the assignment of the mentioned sub- schemes to document formats, with “+” denoting that a given subscheme should be applied when processing a given document format.
    keywords: compression; ctdl+; dictionary; documents; lzma; percent; text
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        item: #5245 of 5668
          id: ital-3223
      author: Carlson, Kathleen
       title: Tutorial: Delivering Information to Students 24/7 with Camtasia
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 1411
      flesch: 66
     summary: The Camtasia Studio software allows the author to create streaming videos which gives students 24 hour access on any topics including how to order books through interlibrary loan. I examined three software appli- cations that help create video tutori- als and presentations: Cam Studio, Macromedia’s Captivate, and TechSmith’s Camtasia Studio.
    keywords: camtasia
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        item: #5246 of 5668
          id: ital-3224
      author: Frisque, Michelle
       title: President's Message
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 832
      flesch: 79
     summary: Michelle Frisque (mfrisque@northwestern.edu) is LITA President 2009–10 and Head, Information Systems, North- western University, Chicago. I also am a new part-time student in the Masters of Learning and Organizational Change pro- gram at Northwestern University.
    keywords: information
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        item: #5247 of 5668
          id: ital-3225
      author: Truitt, Marc
       title: Editorial: Reflections on What We Mean by “Forever”
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 1752
      flesch: 59
     summary: Wood of Sun gave a presentation at the 2008 PASIG Spring Meeting in which he estimated that the cost to supply power and cooling alone to maintain a peta- byte (1,000 TB) of disk-based digital content for a mere ten years would easily exceed $1 million.1 Refining his figures downward somewhat, Wood noted a few months later at the following PASIG meeting that for a 1 TB drive, the five- year estimated power and cooling for 2008–12 could be estimated at approximately $320, or $640,000 per petabyte over ten years, still a considerable sum.2 Add to this the costs of migration—consider that a modern spinning disk is generally thought to have a use- ful lifespan of about five years, and tape may have two or three decades—and the need regular integrity-checking of digital content for “bit-rot,” and you have the stuff of a sustainability nightmare. Can we meaningfully plan for the preservation of digital content over centuries given our poor track record over just the past few decades?
    keywords: digital; pasig; sun
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        item: #5248 of 5668
          id: ital-3226
      author: Carter, Judith
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Issue Introduction
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 1599
      flesch: 58
     summary: What do you see as the relationship between the library catalog and other access or discovery tools?” Relating discovery behaviors to electronic discovery tools User wants . . .
    keywords: discovery; information; library
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        item: #5249 of 5668
          id: ital-3227
      author: Fabbi, Jennifer L.
       title: Discovery Focus as Impetus for Organizational Learning
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 5040
      flesch: 40
     summary: n Revisioning Technical Services This review of Technical Services was a process consist- ing of several distinct steps over many months, and each step was informed by the data and opinions gained in the prior steps: Phase 1: Technical Services Baseline, focusing on the nature of Technical Services work at UNLV Libraries, in the library profession, and factors that affect this work now and in the future Phase 2: Organizational Call to Action, engaging the entire organization in shared learning and input Phase 3: Summit on Discovery, shifting significantly away from Technical Services and toward the concept of discovery of information and the experi- ence of our users Technical Services Baseline The first phase of the process, which I called the “Technical Services Baseline,” included a face-to-face meeting with me and all Technical Services staff. Outcomes of the process were guided by the dean of libraries, were written by me, and received input from Technical Services staff, resulting in the following goals: 1.
    keywords: discovery; libraries; process; services; technical
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        item: #5250 of 5668
          id: ital-3228
      author: Dolski, Alex A.
       title: Information Discovery Insights Gained from MultiPAC, a Prototype Library Discovery System
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 4377
      flesch: 51
     summary: In light of this dilemma, the Libraries and various units within have deployed finding and search tools that provide browsing and searching access to certain subsets of these resources, depending on criteria such as n the type of resource; n its place within the libraries’ organizational structure; n its place within some arbitrarily defined topical categorization of library resources; n the perceived quality of its content; and n its uniqueness relative to other resources. n The case for MultiPAC Fragmentation of library resources and their interfaces is a growing problem in libraries, and UNLV Libraries is no exception.
    keywords: figure; library; metadata; multipac; resources; search; view
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        item: #5251 of 5668
          id: ital-3229
      author: Ipri, Tom; Yunkin, Michael; Brown, Jeanne M.
       title: Usability as a Method for Assessing Discovery
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 1985
      flesch: 62
     summary: USABILITY AS A METHOD FOR ASSESSING DISCOVERY | IPRI, YUNkIN, AND BROWN 181 Tom Ipri, Michael Yunkin, and Jeanne M. Brown Usability as a Method for Assessing Discovery The University of Nevada Las Vegas Libraries engaged in three projects that helped identify areas of its website that had inhibited discovery of services and resources. Reference 1. Jennifer Church, Jeanne Brown, and Diane VanderPol, “Walking the Web: Usability Testing of Navigational Pathways at the University of Nevada Las Vegas Libraries,” in Usability Assessment of Library-Related Web Sites: Methods and Case Studies, ed.
    keywords: discovery; libraries; usability
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        item: #5252 of 5668
          id: ital-3230
      author: Sommer, Thomas
       title: UNLV Special Collections in the Twenty-First Century
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 1656
      flesch: 54
     summary: ExTENT AND NATURE OF CIRCULATION (Average figures denote the average number of copies printed each issue during the preceding twelve months; actual figures denote actual number of copies of single issue published nearest to filing date: September 2009 issue). This collection brings together a wide range of original materials from var- ious collections located within UNLV Special Collections, the Nevada State Museum, the Historical Society in Las Vegas, and the Clark County Heritage Museum.
    keywords: collections; special; unlv
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        item: #5253 of 5668
          id: ital-3231
      author: Starkweather, Wendy; Stowers, Eva
       title: Smartphones: A Potential Discovery Tool
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 1361
      flesch: 40
     summary: Here at UNLV, 37 percent of students and 26 percent of faculty and staff own a smartphone.7 The presentation itself highlighted the mobile appli- cations that were being developed in several libraries to enhance student research, provide library instruction, and promote library services. In response to the UNLV Libraries’ strategic plan’s focus on experimentation and outreach, the authors investigate the current and potential role of smart- phones as a valuable discovery tool for library users.
    keywords: july; libraries; library
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        item: #5254 of 5668
          id: ital-3232
      author: Griffis, Patrick
       title: Building Pathfinders with Free Screen Capture Tools
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 1594
      flesch: 58
     summary: ExTENT AND NATURE OF CIRCULATION (Average figures denote the average number of copies printed each issue during the preceding twelve months; actual figures denote actual number of copies of single issue published nearest to filing date: September 2009 issue). Currently, many of these pathfinders are in text form, and experimentation with the tools outlined in this article can empower library staff to enhance their own pathfinders with screencast videos and screenshot tutorials.
    keywords: unlv
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        item: #5255 of 5668
          id: ital-3233
      author: Griffis, Patrick
       title: Enhancing OPAC Records for Discovery
        date: 2009-09-01
       words: 1651
      flesch: 48
     summary: The authors provide an examination of OPAC records at their own library, which illustrates the disparity of use- ful keywords and descriptions within the notes field for media item records versus electronic database records. n Disparity between media and database records At UNLV Libraries, terms included in the notes fields of bibliographic records are indexed for keyword searching.
    keywords: records; subject
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        item: #5256 of 5668
          id: ital-3234
      author: Pace, Andrew K.
       title: President's Message
        date: 2008-12-01
       words: 892
      flesch: 58
     summary: andrew K. Pace (pacea@oclc.org) is LITA President 2008/2009 and Executive Director, Networked Library Services at OCLC Inc. in Dublin, Ohio. While ALA itself is addressing this problem with recommendations for virtual participation and online collaboration, LITA should be at the forefront of setting the benchmark for virtual communication, par- ticipation, education, planning, and membership devel- opment.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5257 of 5668
          id: ital-3235
      author: Truitt, Marc
       title: Editorial
        date: 2008-12-01
       words: 1794
      flesch: 55
     summary: What are not replaceable—at least not immediately—are library services to staff and patrons: access to comput- ing (networking, e-mail, productivity applications, etc.), Internet resources, and perhaps most importantly nowa- days, the licensed electronic content on which we and our patrons have so come to rely. That is, until that unthinkable something happens, and your organization is facing (or suffers) a catastrophic loss of IT services.
    keywords: library; planning; services
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        item: #5258 of 5668
          id: ital-3236
      author: Hirst, Dona
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts
        date: 2008-12-01
       words: 2017
      flesch: 64
     summary: Select library IT staff began working in the background to set up new work environments for library staff returning to foreign workstations or relocated work environments. As library staff were collecting their critical posses- sions, the town was madly sandbagging.
    keywords: library; staff; university
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        item: #5259 of 5668
          id: ital-3237
      author: Sease, Robin
       title: Metaphor’s Role in the Information Behavior of Humans Interacting with Computers
        date: 2008-12-01
       words: 6645
      flesch: 50
     summary: Spink and Currier’s work launched a new theory of information use, which has led to recent research into metaphor use. Similar to the categorization theory of metaphor use, they claim that “metaphor instantiation is similar to a form of super- ordinate category instantiation . . .
    keywords: behavior; human; information; metaphors; new; system; user
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        item: #5260 of 5668
          id: ital-3238
      author: Jeng, Judy
       title: Evaluation of the New Jersey Digital Highway
        date: 2008-12-01
       words: 4757
      flesch: 41
     summary: T he New Jersey Digital Highway (NJDH, www .njdigitalhighway.org) is a digital library for New Jersey history and culture, including collections of New Jersey libraries, museums, archives, and his- torical societies. As for the librarians and curators’ portal, those cul- tural heritage professionals identified the Librarians and Curators’ Resource Center as the most useful resource in the NJDH, followed by the Digital Highway Collections Roadmap and associated guidelines, calendar, the searching capabilities of New Jersey Cultural Heritage Organizations, and New Jersey information.
    keywords: digital; information; jersey; library; new; njdh; respondents
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        item: #5261 of 5668
          id: ital-3239
      author: Dalrymple, Tam
       title: “Just-in-Case” Answers: The Twenty-FirstCentury Vertical File
        date: 2008-12-01
       words: 2375
      flesch: 58
     summary: In contrast, in the past year OCLC Library staff averaged 4.2 local knowledge base searches for every three questions received. The reaction of OCLC staff indicates that such personal messages, with con- tent summaries that allow recipients to quickly evaluate the contents, are more often read than OCLC Library RSS feeds—especially if items sent continue to be valuable.
    keywords: knowledge; library; oclc
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        item: #5262 of 5668
          id: ital-3240
      author: Brown-Sica, Margaret
       title: Playing Tag In the Dark: Diagnosing Slowness In Library Response Time
        date: 2008-12-01
       words: 2972
      flesch: 60
     summary: This article will discuss the various ways the systems (technology) department of the Auraria Library, which serves the University of Colorado–Denver, Metropolitan State College of Denver, and the Community College of Denver, tried to identify problems and improve database response time. When the network administrator checked the switches for network traffic, they showed low traffic, almost always less than 20 percent of capacity.
    keywords: bandwidth; library; network; proxy
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        item: #5263 of 5668
          id: ital-3241
      author: Pace, Andrew K.
       title: President's Message
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 729
      flesch: 67
     summary: Andrew K. PacePresident’s Message andrew K. pace (pacea@oclc.org) is LITA President 2008/2009 and Executive Director, Networked Library Services at OCLC Inc. in Dublin, Ohio. Instead, I hope we can define a methodology by which LITA committees, interest groups, and the membership at large are empowered to both do the work of the division and benefit from it.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5264 of 5668
          id: ital-3242
      author: Truitt, Marc
       title: Editorial
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 1929
      flesch: 62
     summary: Electronic texts are a fact of life, and are becoming moreso every day. My vague, nagging sense is that what is changing is this style of approaching whole texts.
    keywords: electronic; july; texts
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        item: #5265 of 5668
          id: ital-3243
      author: Bejune, Matthew M.
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 1646
      flesch: 60
     summary: Beyond computers, our library now loans out additional equipment including hard drives, digital cameras, and video cameras. Who would have thought that library computers would outpace Moore’s Law?!
    keywords: libraries; social; software
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        item: #5266 of 5668
          id: ital-3244
      author: Cyzyk, Mark
       title: From Our Readers: Virtues and Values in Digital Library Architecture
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 2898
      flesch: 65
     summary: “I can’t guess what you’re thinking.” As system developers we’ve probably all had the magical experience of a Mind Meld with a fellow developer when working intensively on a project. Then create a small set of user roles to which these functions will be carefully mapped.
    keywords: library; systems; users
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        item: #5267 of 5668
          id: ital-3245
      author: Morgan, Eric Lease
       title: MyLibrary: A Digital Library Framework and Toolkit
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 7485
      flesch: 51
     summary: MyLibrary resource objects provide a means to embody this information in a concise package. Since Dublin Core metadata is required of all OAI data repositories, and since MyLibrary sup- ports a one-to-one mapping to Dublin Core elements, it is trivial to create MyLibrary resource objects based on each of the harvested records.
    keywords: combinations; facet; information; mylibrary; resources; term
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        item: #5268 of 5668
          id: ital-3246
      author: Turró, Mireia Ribera
       title: Are PDF Documents Accessible?
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 10580
      flesch: 59
     summary: | RiBERa tuRRó 25 Are PDF Documents Accessible? The only advantage that the digital presentation may have over a paper presentation is the possibility of optical zooming and increasing the text size to benefit persons with certain visual impairments. pDF text documents The second level of accessibility is that of PDF text docu- ments, which come from the same source as image files but have gone through an optical character recognition process and incorporate the resulting text in the file.
    keywords: accessibility; content; documents; guideline; information; level; pdf; text; use
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        item: #5269 of 5668
          id: ital-3247
      author: Feher, James; Sondag, Tyler
       title: Administering an Open-Source Wireless Network
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 4114
      flesch: 55
     summary: APPENDIx A. Squid configuration changes # changes made to squid.conf # Lines needed for Squid 2.5 #httpd_accel_port 80 #httpd_accel_host virtual #httpd_accel_with_proxy on #httpd_accel_uses_host_header on # # One line needed in version 2.6 http_port 3128 transparent APPENDIx B. /etc/hosts entry on marla for localnet entry 127.0.0.1 marla localhost.localdomain localhost 66.128.109.60 bob 66.99.172.252 lance.mckendree.edu lance # next line is for the ssl certificate to work properly 192.168.176.1 chilli.localnet chilli intRoDucinG zoomiFY imaGE | smitH 47aDministERinG an opEn-souRcE wiRELEss nEtwoRK | FEHER anD sonDaG 47 APPENDIx C. Monitoring script #!/usr/bin/perl ######################################################### # = <<OUTPUT_FILE_FOR_REMOTE_HOST; #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use Mail::Mailer; use CGI qw(:standard); my \$currentUser = \$ENV{‘USER’}; my \$lastTime = $startTime; my \$currentTime = time(); my \$message = “”; my \$systemStatus = “$defBGColor”; my \$toEmail = ‘$toEmail’; # check system status (FF0000 = down) if (\$currentTime > (\$lastTime + (60 * $updateMin))){ \$systemStatus = “#FF0000”; \$message = “<H1>Status Update Failed</H1>”; } # if this is cron running the script if (\$currentUser =~ “$webServUname”){ # send email if status is down & logFile doesn’t exist &sendEmail() if ( (\$systemStatus =~ “#FF0000”) && !(-e “$logFileName”) ); # delete log file if everything is up unlink(“$logFileName”) if ( (!(\$systemStatus =~ “#FF0000”)) && (-e “$logFileName”) ); } #else apache is accessing the page (its a web request) else{ #print the page print header(); ############################ # start of html output # ############################ print <<WEB_OUTPUT; <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>$instName Wireless Status</TITLE> intRoDucinG zoomiFY imaGE | smitH 51aDministERinG an opEn-souRcE wiRELEss nEtwoRK
    keywords: network
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        item: #5270 of 5668
          id: ital-3248
      author: Bland, Robert N.; Stoffan, Mark A.
       title: Returning Classification to the Catalog
        date: 2008-09-01
       words: 2907
      flesch: 47
     summary: While these records could be filtered out by matching against LC class numbers that are found in our catalog and discard- ing non-matches, this would add yet another level of processing to an already complex process, as would handling the LC table subdivisions that are used in the LC schedules and that are separate from the stan- dard class numbers. Secondly, the LC MARC classification files require a subscription costing several thou- sands dollars per year, as well as a substantial payment for the retro- spective file needed to begin building the database of class numbers.
    keywords: catalog; classification; subject
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        item: #5271 of 5668
          id: ital-3250
      author: Beatty, Mark
       title: President's Message
        date: 2008-06-01
       words: 728
      flesch: 48
     summary: We are now, through surveys and meetings and focus groups, starting to know that new librarians and new LITA members are most interested in networking with their colleagues using multiple methods to fulfill the whole range of their professional and social needs. 2 inFoRmation tEcHnoLoGY anD LiBRaRiEs | junE 2008 mark Beatty (mbeatty@wils.wisc.edu) is LITA President 2007/2008 and Trainer, Wisconsin Library Services, Madison. Mark BeattyPresident’s Message I’ve recently read three quite different articles that surprisingly all had something similar to say with a different twist on the theme uppermost in my brain the last year or two.
    keywords: libraries
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        item: #5272 of 5668
          id: ital-3251
      author: Truitt, Marc
       title: Editorial
        date: 2008-06-01
       words: 891
      flesch: 49
     summary: This initiative included several innova- tive features not previously found in library catalogs, such as search result relevance ranking and the ability to perform faceted searching against a variety of controlled- vocabulary indices (subject/topical, form/genre, date, etc.) With our publication of Jennifer Bowen’s report on the first phase outcomes of the University of Rochester’s eXtensible catalog (XC) project in this issue of ITAL, we continue our commitment to publish important research in this area.
    keywords: bibliographic; catalog
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        item: #5273 of 5668
          id: ital-3252
      author: Felker, Kyl
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts
        date: 2008-06-01
       words: 1492
      flesch: 68
     summary: At the same time, most libraries are feeling a finan- cial pinch. In each issue of ITAL, one of our board members will reflect on some question related to technol- ogy and libraries.
    keywords: library; marketing
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        item: #5274 of 5668
          id: ital-3253
      author: Bowen, Jennifer
       title: Metadata to Support Next-Generation Library Resource Discovery: Lessons from the eXtensible Catalog, Phase 1
        date: 2008-06-01
       words: 11049
      flesch: 46
     summary: XC’s architecture actually solves many of these problems by facilitating the sharing of enriched metadata among XC users. The metadata services hub architecture provides flexibility and possible economy for XC users by offering the option for multiple XC insti- tutions to share a single metadata hub, thus allowing participating institutions to take full advantage of the hub’s capabilities to aggregate and augment metadata from multiple sources.
    keywords: development; libraries; library; marc; metadata; project; requirements; services; system; web
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        item: #5275 of 5668
          id: ital-3254
      author: Feldmann, Louise; Wess, Lindsey; Moothart, Tom
       title: An Assessment of Student Satisfaction with a Circulating Laptop Service
        date: 2008-06-01
       words: 4223
      flesch: 63
     summary: n Results With the strong emphasis on assessment at Colorado State University, it was decided to formally survey laptop users on their satisfaction with the program. In the meantime, 100 power strips were added to tables used heavily by laptop users.
    keywords: laptop; library; service; survey; wireless
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        item: #5276 of 5668
          id: ital-3255
      author: Smith II, Plato
       title: Preparing Locally Encoded Electronic Finding Aid Inventories for Union Environments: A Publishing Model for Encoded Archival Description
        date: 2008-06-01
       words: 3125
      flesch: 47
     summary: Researchers now have a single-point search interface to search EADs @ FSU across all our digital collections/ institutional repository (see figure 3); the ability to search within the finding aids via full-text indexing of PDFs; the option of brief (thumb- nails with EAD, HTM, PDF, and XML manifes- tation icons), table (title, creator, and identifier), and full (complete EAD finding aid DC record with manifestations) views of search results, which provides different levels of exposures of EAD finding aids; and the ability to save/e-mail search results. Preparing Locally Encoded Electronic Finding Aid Inventories for Union Environments: A Publishing Model for Encoded Archival Description Author ID (to come) Plato L. Smith II This paper will briefly discuss encoded archival descrip- tion (EAD) finding aids, the workflow and process involved in encoding finding aids using EAD metadata standard, our institution’s current publishing model for EAD finding aids, current EAD metadata enhancement, and new developments in our publishing model for EAD finding aids at Florida State University Libraries.
    keywords: aids; archival; ead; finding; fsu
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        item: #5277 of 5668
          id: ital-3256
      author: Brenner, Michaela
       title: Discovering the Library with Google Earth
        date: 2008-06-01
       words: 3308
      flesch: 61
     summary: One more recent feature is that KML files, created in Google Earth, can now also be viewed on the Web by simply entering the URL of the KML file into the search box of Google Maps (figure 12), thus cre- ating Google Earth placemarks in Figure 3. “Google now reigns” “Google now reigns,” claims Karen Markey (Markey 2007), and many others agree that using Google is easier and more appealing to most than using library catalogs.
    keywords: earth; figure; google; library
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        item: #5278 of 5668
          id: ital-3257
      author: Beatty, Mark
       title: President’s Message: Doing Something about Life’s Persistent Problems?
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 526
      flesch: 69
     summary: We’ve seen that our LITA members want more community from our association, so it makes sense to us that our patrons also want community. Currently we librarians seem to be hitching our wagon to the idea of library as community because in part it’s what we ourselves want.
    keywords: community
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        item: #5279 of 5668
          id: ital-3258
      author: Truitt, Marc
       title: Editorial: Beginnings
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 1512
      flesch: 57
     summary: I’m thinking about how we might expand this to include a similar column contributed by ITAL readers. ■ What’s inside this issue ITAL content has traditionally represented an eclectic blend of the best mainstream and leading/bleeding edge of library technology.
    keywords: ital; technology
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        item: #5280 of 5668
          id: ital-3259
      author: Mi, Jia; Weng, Cathy
       title: Revitalizing the Library OPAC: Interface, Searching, and Display Challenges
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 11759
      flesch: 56
     summary: Since presenting keyword search as the default has proved effective, libraries using title search as their OPAC default search option might want to recon- sider switching their default setting to keyword. Instead, what was usually offered was a redirect feature via hyperlink that prompted the system to issue a new author or title search.
    keywords: author; bibliographic; display; information; keyword; libraries; library; opac; search; title; users
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        item: #5281 of 5668
          id: ital-3260
      author: Dickey, Timothy J.
       title: FRBRization of a Library Catalog: Better Collocation of Records, Leading to Enhanced Search, Retrieval, and Display
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 7848
      flesch: 48
     summary: Searches were tested on the The Ohio State University Libraries’ OPAC , http://library.osu.edu (accessed Mar. 10, 2007). The FRBR theoretical framework has remained an area of intense research at OCLC, which has even led to some prototype applications and, very recently, deploy- ment in the WorldCat Local interface.32 A scattered few other researchers have crafted FRBR catalogs and catalog displays for their own ends; the Library of Congress has a prototype as well.
    keywords: bibliographic; catalog; frbr; information; library; mar; music; records; relationships; work
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        item: #5282 of 5668
          id: ital-3261
      author: Haley, Connie K.
       title: Online Workplace Training in Libraries
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 5505
      flesch: 57
     summary: As more people have online training experience, their attitudes toward online training may change. aRtiCLE titLE | autHoR 33onLinE WoRkpLaCE tRaininG in LiBRaRiEs | HaLEY 33 This study was designed to explore and describe the relationships between preference for online training and traditional face-to-face training.
    keywords: development; face; library; online; preference; training
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        item: #5283 of 5668
          id: ital-3262
      author: Wan, Gary (Gang); Liu, Zao
       title: Content-Based Information Retrieval and Digital Libraries
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 4656
      flesch: 57
     summary: The second method—the most popular technique used today—is text- based retrieval. One of the most well-known CBIR systems is query by image content (QBIC), which was developed by IBM.
    keywords: content; digital; information; retrieval; search; video
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        item: #5284 of 5668
          id: ital-3263
      author: Jeong, Wooseob
       title: Touchable Online Braille Generator
        date: 2008-03-01
       words: 3472
      flesch: 54
     summary: These issues hinder the effectiveness of force feedback displays for the blind. 10 Langrana and others used the Rutgers Master II, a dexterous, portable master for virtual reality simulations for force feedback using four fingers.
    keywords: blind; braille; feedback; force; information
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        item: #5285 of 5668
          id: ital-3265
      author: Webb, John
       title: Editorial: Farewell and Thank You
        date: 2007-12-01
       words: 1132
      flesch: 67
     summary: To Marc Truitt, ITAL managing editor and the incom­ ing ITAL editor for the 2008–2010 volume years, I must say, “Thank you, thank you, thank you!” Editorial: Farewell and Thank You John Webb This issue of Information Technology and Libraries (ITAL), December 2007, marks the end of my term as editor.
    keywords: ital; lita
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        item: #5286 of 5668
          id: ital-3266
      author: Kim, Yong-Mi; Ahronheim, Judy; Suzuka, Kara; King, Louis E.; Bruell, Dan; Miller, Ron; Johnson, Lynn
       title: Enterprise Digital Asset Management System Pilot: Lessons Learned
        date: 2007-12-01
       words: 9823
      flesch: 47
     summary: In brief, DAM systems are not only repositories of digital­rich media content and the associated metadata, but also provide management functionalities similar to database manage­ ment systems, including access control.3 A DAM system can “ingest digital assets, store and index assets for easy searching, retrieve assets for use in many environments, and manage the rights associated with those assets.”4 The vision for enterprise DAM at U­M is for digital assets to not only be stored in a secure repository, but also be findable, accessible, and usable by the appropriate persons in the university community in their academic endeavors.
    keywords: assets; dam; digital; enterprise; feb; information; lab; living; media; metadata; system; university; use
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        item: #5287 of 5668
          id: ital-3267
      author: Lankes, R. David; Silverstein, Joanne; Nicholson, Scott
       title: Participatory Networks: The Library As Conversation
        date: 2007-12-01
       words: 13506
      flesch: 55
     summary: This section seeks to highlight promising developments in integrating library systems well beyond the library catalog and to highlight not only an ideal endpoint, but also how this ideal system is truly participatory. merging reference and community involvement The functional area furthest along in the integration of participatory librarianship is reference; as reference is most readily recognizable as a conversation, this comes as no surprise. This new model, of patrons adding information directly to library systems, is not as radical as it may first appear.
    keywords: catalog; community; conversation; information; libraries; library; networks; new; participatory; services; systems; technology; user; web
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        item: #5288 of 5668
          id: ital-3268
      author: Jaeger, Paul T.; Fleischmann, Kenneth R.
       title: Public Libraries, Values, Trust, and E-Government
        date: 2007-12-01
       words: 9022
      flesch: 43
     summary: Amazingly, federal government support accounts for only about 1 percent of public library funding.59 Given that federal government agencies are already relying on public libraries to ensure access to e­government and fos­ ter community response and recovery in times of emer­ gencies, federal support for these social roles of the public library clearly can and should be increased significantly. In a large­ scale national survey, 64 percent of respondents, including both users and non­users of public libraries, asserted that providing public access to the Internet should be one of the highest priorities for public libraries.17
    keywords: access; e­government; information; internet; internet access; library; public libraries; role; trust; values
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        item: #5289 of 5668
          id: ital-3269
      author: HAN, Yan; Rawan, Atifa
       title: Afghanistan Digital Library Initiative: Revitalizing an Integrated Library System
        date: 2007-12-01
       words: 2183
      flesch: 54
     summary: Recent developments in digital libraries have resulted in dis­ tributed systems in libraries, and the ILS is treated as one of many digital library systems. DLA’s goal is to build the capacity of Afghan libraries and librarians to work with open source digital libraries platforms; and to provide and enhance access to schol­ arly information resources and open content that all Afghanistan univer­ sities can share.
    keywords: afghanistan; ils; library; open
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        item: #5290 of 5668
          id: ital-3270
      author: Beatty, Mark
       title: President's Column
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 731
      flesch: 69
     summary: it was pretty obvious that members want community in all its various forms, face­to­face in multiple venues and online in multiple venues. As social organizations, libraries, ALA, LITA and other groups, it appears that we have plucked all the low­hanging fruit of Web 1.0.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5291 of 5668
          id: ital-3271
      author: Katz, Irvin R.
       title: Testing Information Literacy in Digital Environments: ETS's iSkills Assessment
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 5844
      flesch: 41
     summary: This article describes ETS’s iSkills assessment (for­ merly “ICT Literacy Assessment”), an Internet­based assessment of information literacy skills that arise in the context of technology. Assessing information literacy skills in the Cali­ fornia State University: A progress report.
    keywords: assessment; ict; information; literacy; skills; students; tasks; technology
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        item: #5292 of 5668
          id: ital-3272
      author: Spiteri, Louise F.
       title: The Structure and Form of Folksonomy Tags: The Road to the Public Library Catalog
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 9263
      flesch: 59
     summary: Single­term tags constitute 93 percent of Delicious tags, 76 percent of Furl tags, and 80 percent of Technorati tags. Unique entities constitute 22 percent of Delicious tags, 14 percent of Furl tags, and 49 percent of Technorati tags.
    keywords: delicious; example; folksonomy; form; nouns; sites; tags; terms; use
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        item: #5293 of 5668
          id: ital-3273
      author: Bejune, Matthew
       title: Wikis in Libraries
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 6954
      flesch: 49
     summary: This wiki is a collection of resources and services in print and electronic formats to assist library patrons with subject area searching. First, perhaps one of the reasons is the result of the way in which libraries are conceived by library patrons and librarians alike.
    keywords: author; collaboration; libraries; library; patrons; staff; university; wiki; work
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        item: #5294 of 5668
          id: ital-3274
      author: Lacasta, Javier; Nogueras-Iso, Javier; López-Pellicer, Francisco Javier; Muro-Medrano, Pedro Rafail; Zarazaga-Soria, Francisco Javier
       title: ThManager: An Open Source Tool for Creating and Visualizing SKOS
        date: 2007-09-01
       words: 10285
      flesch: 56
     summary: First, the ergonomics will be improved to show connections between different thesauri. The ThManager tool not only has been created as an independent tool to facilitate thesauri management, but also to allow easy integration in tools that need to use thesauri.
    keywords: concepts; information; list; metadata; rdf; relations; skos; thesauri; thesaurus; tool; use
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        item: #5295 of 5668
          id: ital-3275
      author: Postlethwaite, Bonnie
       title: President's Column
        date: 2007-06-01
       words: 847
      flesch: 63
     summary: The other important networking opportunity for LITA members was the LITA Town Meeting led by LITA Vice President Mark Beatty. I anticipate that LITA members will see some great new things happening in the next year.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5296 of 5668
          id: ital-3276
      author: Webb, John
       title: Editorial: The Virtues of Deliberation
        date: 2007-06-01
       words: 924
      flesch: 58
     summary: Likewise they should be offended if our articles discuss library technology issues misusing technical terms or concepts, or confusing technical issues with policy issues, or stating technology problems or issues in the title or abstract or introduction then omitting any mention of said problems until the final paragraph(s). Admittedly, some of them may have done so because I asked them, and their replies to me were the polite ones that one expects of the honorable members of the Library and Information Technology Association of the American Library Association.
    keywords: technology
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        item: #5297 of 5668
          id: ital-3277
      author: Jaeger, Paul T.; Bertot, John Carlo; McClure, Charles R.; Rodriguez, Miranda
       title: Public Libraries and Internet Access across the United States: A Comparison by State 2004–2006
        date: 2007-06-01
       words: 8556
      flesch: 57
     summary: Public libraries must also focus on increasing provi­ sion of Internet access in light of federal, state, and local governments recently adding yet another significant level of services to public libraries by “requesting” that they provide access to and training in using numerous e­gov­ ernment services. A sample was drawn to accurately represent metropolitan status (roughly equating to their designation of urban, suburban, or rural libraries), poverty levels (as derived through census data), state libraries, and the national picture, producing a sample of 6,979 public library out­ lets.7 The survey received a total of 4,818 responses for a response rate of 69 percent.
    keywords: access; internet; libraries; library; public; public libraries; states
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        item: #5298 of 5668
          id: ital-3278
      author: Thornburg, Gail; Oskins, W. Michael
       title: Misinformation and Bias in Metadata Processing: Matching in Large Databases
        date: 2007-06-01
       words: 8254
      flesch: 58
     summary: Bias can be defined as factors in the creation or processing of database records that feed on misinformation or missing information, and skew charac­ terizations of the database records in question. Fail to take note of salient differences between incom­ ing record and database record, and the match will be wrong, undetected, and potentially hard to detect in the future.
    keywords: bias; database; i2=; information; libraries; library; matching; metadata; publisher; records
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        item: #5299 of 5668
          id: ital-3279
      author: Brooks, Sam; Herrick, Mark
       title: Index Blending: Enabling the Development of Definitive, Discipline-Specific Resources
        date: 2007-06-01
       words: 5498
      flesch: 44
     summary: Index Blending is the process of database development whereby various components are merged and refined to create a single encompassing source of information. From a business perspective, in order to justify the amount of resources that would inevitably be expended to develop a high-end, comprehensive database, the basic criteria needed for database development must first be in place.
    keywords: blending; communication; database; ebsco; hospitality; index; tourism
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        item: #5300 of 5668
          id: ital-3280
      author: Sondag, Tyler; Feher, Jim
       title: Open Source Wifi Hotspot Implementation
        date: 2007-06-01
       words: 5008
      flesch: 62
     summary: eth2 ­s 10.5.3.30 ­j ACCEPT # Set up transparent proxy for wireless network, but allow # connections that go through to the campus network # to bypass proxy iptables ­t nat ­A PREROUTING ­i eth2 ! \ ­d 66.99.172.0/23 ­p tcp ­­dport 80 ­s 10.5.0.0/16 \ ­j DNAT ­­to­destination 10.4.1.90:3128 # nat iptables ­t nat ­A POSTROUTING ­o eth0 \ ­j MASQUERADE # simple port knocking to allow port 22 connection adapted # from www.shorewall.net/PortKnocking.html1 another # excellent document can be found at # www.debian-administration.org/articles/26814 # once connection started let it continue iptables
    keywords: access; network; server; set
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        item: #5301 of 5668
          id: ital-3281
      author: Herrera, Gail
       title: MetaSearching and Beyond: Implementation Experiences and Advice from an Academic Library
        date: 2007-06-01
       words: 6682
      flesch: 60
     summary: However, this is the kind of tool to which Web users have become accustomed and certainly seems to fill a need that to date has been lacking where library electronic resources are concerned. It might also be necessary to shorten the time­out period for limited user resources.
    keywords: libraries; library; metasearch; product; resources; search; users
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        item: #5302 of 5668
          id: ital-3282
      author: Postlethwaite, Bonnie
       title: President's Column
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 830
      flesch: 43
     summary: ALA regularly calls on LITA to provide expertise on developing standards that per­ tain to library technology. A new means of contributing to the dialogue about developing standards is to participate in the LITA Wiki where Diane Hillman will be leading the way in posting information about various library technology standards.
    keywords: lita; standards
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        item: #5303 of 5668
          id: ital-3283
      author: Webb, John
       title: Editorial: Reflections on Forty
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 1160
      flesch: 62
     summary: Please check all answers that best describe what effect, if any, use of Facebook in the library has had on library services and operations?  Has increased patron traffic  Has increased patron use of computers  Has created computer access problems for patrons  Has created bandwidth problems or slowed down Internet access  Has generated complaints from other patrons  Annoys library faculty and staff  Interests library faculty and staff  Has generated discussion among library faculty and staff about Facebook 14. To paraphrase an oft­cited goal, they were systems designed to attempt to control the rate of rise of library costs of operations—to improve the efficiency and effec­ tiveness of internal library processes.
    keywords: library
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        item: #5304 of 5668
          id: ital-3284
      author: Shen, Yi
       title: Information Seeking in Academic Research: A Study of the Sociology Faculty at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 7584
      flesch: 44
     summary: These findings refine the understanding of the dynamic relationship between information systems and services and their users within social-scientific research practice and provide implica- tions for scholarly information-system development. The purpose of this study is to extend the findings of the pre­ vious studies by examining social scientists’ information needs and their activities and perceptions in relation to today’s information systems and services.
    keywords: information; people; practice; research; resources; scientists; seeking; social; study; use
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        item: #5305 of 5668
          id: ital-3285
      author: Bertot, John Carlo; McClure, Charles R.
       title: Assessing Sufficiency and Quality of Bandwidth for Public Libraries
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 5876
      flesch: 45
     summary: Public library outlet maximum speed of public-access Internet services by metropolitan status and poverty Metropolitan status Poverty level Maximum speed Urban Suburban Rural Low Medium High Overall Less than 56kbps 0.7% ±0.8% (n=18) 0.4% ±0.6% (n=17) 3.7% ±1.9% (n=275) 2.0% ±1.4% (n=245) 2.7% ±1.6% (n=61) 2.6% ±1.6% (n=5) 2.1% ±1.4% (n=311) 56kbps– 128kbps 2.5% ±1.6% (n=67) 5.4% ±2.3% (n=264) 15.2% ±3.6% (n=1,132) 9.9% ±3.0% (n=1,237) 9.5% ±2.9% (n=216) 5.3% ±2.2% (n=10) 9.8% ±3.0% (n=1,463) 129kbps– 256kbps 2.7% ±1.6% (n=72) 6.8% ±2.5% (n=332) 11.1% ±3.1% (n=829) 8.5% ±2.8% (n=1,067) 7.3% ±2.6% (n=166) - 8.2% ±2.8% (n=1,233) 257kbps–768kbps 9.1% ±2.9% (n=241) 10.4% ±3.1% (n=504) 13.4% ±3.4% (n=1,002) 12.5% ±3.3% (n=1,557) 8.4% ±2.8% (n=190) - 11.7% ±3.2% (n=1,747) 769kbps– 1.5mbps 33.6% ±4.7% (n=889) 40.0% ±4.9% (n=1,945) 31.0% ±4.6% (n=2,310) 34.3% ±4.8% (n=4,286) 34.6% ±4.8% (n=788) 38.1% ±4.9% (n=70) 34.4% ±4.8% (n=5,144) Greater than 1.5mbps 49.4% ±5.0% (n=1,304) 31.6% ±4.7% (n=1,533) 19.9% ±4.0% (n=1,488) 27.4% ±4.5% (n=3,423) 35.5% ±4.8% (n=808) 50.5% ±5.0% (n=93) 28.9% ±4.5% (n=4,324) Don’t know 1.9% ±1.4% (n=50) 5.4% ±2.3% (n=263) 5.7% ±2.3% (n=427) 5.5% ±2.3% (n=685) 2.1% ±1.4% (n=48) 3.5% ±1.8% (n=6) 4.9% ±2.2% (n=739) Weighted missing values, n=1,497 Table 2.
    keywords: access; bandwidth; libraries; library; public; services; workstations
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3285.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3285.txt

        item: #5306 of 5668
          id: ital-3286
      author: Charnigo, Laurie; Barnett-Ellis, Paula
       title: Checking Out Facebook.com: The Impact of a Digital Trend on Academic Libraries
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 8708
      flesch: 53
     summary: In a Web seminar on issues regarding Facebook use in higher education, Shawn McGuirk, director of Judicial Affairs, Mediation, and Education at Fitchburg State College, Massachusetts, recommends that administrators and others concerned with students posting potentially incriminating, embarrassing, or overtly personal infor­ mation draft a document similar to the one created by Cornell University’s Office of Information Technologies, which advises students on how to safely and responsibly use online social networking sites similar to Facebook.18 After pointing out the positive benefits of Facebook and reassuring students that Cornell University is proud of its liberal policy in not monitoring online social networks, the essay, entitled “Thoughts on Facebook,” provides poignant advice and examples of privacy issues revolv­ ing around Facebook and similar Web sites.19 The Golden Rule of this essay states: Don’t say anything about someone else that you would not want said about yourself. Only one library was forced to develop a policy for specifically addressing computer­use concerns as a result of Facebook use.
    keywords: academic; facebook; information; librarians; library; online; social; students; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3286.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3286.txt

        item: #5307 of 5668
          id: ital-3287
      author: Bennett, Michael J.
       title: OPAC Design Enhancements and Their Effects on Circulation and Resource Sharing within the Library Consortium Environment
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 6058
      flesch: 50
     summary: Data from sixteen libraries covering a seven-year period were studied in order to determine the degree to which patrons may or may not utilize increasingly broader OPAC ILL options over time. were made to analyze the level of changes in circulation and ILL statistics between years before any OPAC ILL enhancements were under­ taken.
    keywords: catalog; circulation; holds; ill; opac; total
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3287.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3287.txt

        item: #5308 of 5668
          id: ital-3288
      author: Smith, Adam
       title: Introducing Zoomify Image
        date: 2007-03-01
       words: 2641
      flesch: 52
     summary: To add larger images more effi­ ciently, or to add images in bulk, the Zoomify Image distribution contains detailed documentation to quickly configure Zope to accept images via FTP or WebDAV and automatically process them through Zoomify Image when they are uploaded. A small Zoomifyer client, authored in Macromedia Flash, is embedded in an HTML page and makes asyn­ chronous requests to the server to stream image data back to the client as needed.
    keywords: image; zoomify; zoomifyer; zope
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3288.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3288.txt

        item: #5309 of 5668
          id: ital-3322
      author: Mullin, Patrick J.
       title: President's Column
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 20928
      flesch: -503
     summary: ITAL_24n4p2 ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. New Ways to Communicate in a Web Environment Chawner, Brenda;Lewis, Paul H Information Technology and Libraries; Mar 2006; 25, 1; ProQuest Education Journals pg.
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3322.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3322.txt

        item: #5310 of 5668
          id: ital-3323
      author: Webb, John
       title: Editorial: I Keep My Eyes Wide Open All the Time
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 1009
      flesch: -901
     summary: ITAL_24n4p3 ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3323.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3323.txt

        item: #5311 of 5668
          id: ital-3324
      author: Byrum Jr., John D.; Williamson, David W.
       title: Enriching Traditional Cataloging for Improved Access to Information:Library of Congress Tables of Contents Projects
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 5701
      flesch: -5664
     summary: ITAL_24n4.pdf ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3324.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3324.txt

        item: #5312 of 5668
          id: ital-3325
      author: Harpel-Burk, Pamela
       title: Medium-sized Universities Connect to Their Libraries: Links on University Home Pages and User Group Pages
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 8519
      flesch: -8524
     summary: ITAL_24n4p12-23 ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3325.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3325.txt

        item: #5313 of 5668
          id: ital-3326
      author: Sing, Jay; Brar, Navjit; Fong, Carmen
       title: The State of RFID Applications in Libraries
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 4731
      flesch: -2278
     summary: ITAL_24n4p24-32 ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
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        item: #5314 of 5668
          id: ital-3327
      author: Chawner, Brenda; Lewis, Paul H.
       title: WikiWikiWebs: New Ways to Communicate in a Web Environment
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 158
      flesch: 24
     summary: New Ways to Communicate in a Web Environment Chawner, Brenda;Lewis, Paul H Information Technology and Libraries; Mar 2006; 25, 1; ProQuest Education Journals pg.
    keywords: permission
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        item: #5315 of 5668
          id: ital-3328
      author: Herrero-Solano, Victor; Moya-Anegon, Felix; Guerrero-Bote, Vicente; Zapico-Alonso, Felipe
       title: Graphical Table of Contents for Library Collections: The Application of Universal Decimal Classification Codes to Subject Maps
        date: 2006-03-01
       words: 91
      flesch: 24
     summary: Graphical Table of Contents for Library Collections: The Application ... Herrero-Solana, Victor;Félix Moya-Anegón;Guerrero-Bote, Vicente;Zapico-Alonso, Felipe Information Technology and Libraries; Mar 2006; 25, 1; ProQuest Education Journals pg.
    keywords: permission
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        item: #5316 of 5668
          id: ital-3329
      author: Mullin, Patrick
       title: President's Column
        date: 2006-06-01
       words: 857
      flesch: 72
     summary: Any technology organization that has been in existence for forty or more years has seen a lot of changes and adapted over time to a new environment and new technologies. All the while, during these four decades, our asso- ciation and its members continually adapted to the new environment, faced new challenges, and adopted new technologies.
    keywords: library
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        item: #5317 of 5668
          id: ital-3330
      author: Webb, John
       title: Editorial: LITA and ITAL: Forty and Still Counting
        date: 2006-06-01
       words: 949
      flesch: 54
     summary: The electronic copy will be available to LITA members and ITAL subscribers on the ALA/LITA Web site. In two surveys in the past ten years, LITA members have indicated they considered ITAL to be their most important membership benefit.
    keywords: ital; lita
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        item: #5318 of 5668
          id: ital-3331
      author: Pomerantz, Jeffrey
       title: Google Scholar and 100 Percent Availability of Information
        date: 2006-06-01
       words: 4614
      flesch: 51
     summary: Rather than providing instruction to users on simply using search engines, librarians may now assume that some percentage of library users possess this skill, and may focus on teaching higher-level infor- mation-literacy skills to users (www.ala.org/ala/acrl/ acrlstandards/informationliteracycompetency.htm). However, libraries are already the venue through which users access much online content—newspapers, journals, and other peri- odicals; reference sources; genealogical materials—even if many users do not physically come to the library or consult a librarian when using them.
    keywords: google; information; library; scholar; users
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        item: #5319 of 5668
          id: ital-3332
      author: Wusteman, Judith; O'hlceadha, Padraig
       title: Using Ajax to Empower Dynamic Searchinb
        date: 2006-06-01
       words: 5498
      flesch: 62
     summary: ARC—A Cross Archive Search Service, Old Dominion University Digital Library Research Group, http://arc.cs.odu .edu (accessed Apr. 5, 2006); NISO MetaSearch Initiative, www .niso.org/committees/MS_initiative.html (accessed Apr. 5, 2006); ARC download page, SourceForge, http://oaiarc.source forge.net (accessed Apr. 5, 2006). Google Toolbar, http://toolbar.google.com (accessed Apr. 5, 2006).
    keywords: ajax; apr; ojax; results; search; user; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3332.pdf
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        item: #5320 of 5668
          id: ital-3333
      author: Brenner, Michaela; Larsen, Tom; Weston, Claudia
       title: Digital Collection Management through the Library Catalog
        date: 2006-06-01
       words: 4397
      flesch: 45
     summary: ERM module are resource records (RR) created to reflect the peculiarities of a particular collection. First, resource records were manually created for three of the subcollections within the Bonner collection.
    keywords: archival; collection; library; records; resource
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3333.pdf
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        item: #5321 of 5668
          id: ital-3334
      author: Kerchner, Marcia D.
       title: A Dynamic Methodology for Improving the Search Experience
        date: 2006-06-01
       words: 6849
      flesch: 47
     summary: Optimizing search results without considering the rest of the search experience and without considering user behavior is missing an opportunity to further improve user success. The other approach to improving search results— replacing a search engine—is not a guarantee to fixing the problem because it focuses only on improving precision (and perhaps recall as well) without understanding the true barriers to a successful search experience.
    keywords: content; experience; information; query; results; search; site; users
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3334.pdf
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        item: #5322 of 5668
          id: ital-3335
      author: Wan, Gang
       title: Visualizations for Digital Libraries
        date: 2006-06-01
       words: 4424
      flesch: 54
     summary: All these aspects of digital libraries make information visualizations more complicated in this envi- ronment. Author Name and Second Author The concept of digital libraries is familiar to both librar- ians and library patrons today.
    keywords: digital; information; libraries; library; user
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3335.pdf
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        item: #5323 of 5668
          id: ital-3337
      author: MacPherson, Deborah L.
       title: Digitizing the Non-Digital: Creating a Global Context for Events, Artifacts, Ideas, and Information
        date: 2006-06-01
       words: 5620
      flesch: 49
     summary: If digital information is reliable, someone in a remote place or in the future should not need to collect the same information again or unintentionally retrieve out-of-date or duplicate results. In today’s frantic information overload, we should not forget that digital information—and even cold, hard, raw data—is more than ones and zeros.
    keywords: able; context; digital; ideas; information; knowledge; records
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3337.pdf
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        item: #5324 of 5668
          id: ital-3338
      author: Nicholson, Scott
       title: Writing Your First Scholarly Article: A Guide for Budding Authors in Librarianship
        date: 2006-06-01
       words: 2905
      flesch: 69
     summary: Ask them if they can read your work by a specific date, as this type of review work is easy to put off when work gets busy. The best way to start writing is to read other articles!
    keywords: article; work; writing
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3338.pdf
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        item: #5325 of 5668
          id: ital-3339
      author: Shapiro, Debra
       title: Strategic Planning and Management for Library Managers
        date: 2006-06-01
       words: 588
      flesch: 53
     summary: Matthews’s book attempts to provide information on how to explore strat- egies; demystify false impressions about strategies; how strategies play a role in the planning and delivery of library services; broad categories of library strategies that can be used; and identification of new ways to communicate the impact of strategies to patrons. Strategic planning is one of those duties assigned to library managers and leaders that often get pushed to the lowest-priority list, mainly because there are few guide- lines and handbooks available in this area.
    keywords: school
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3339.pdf
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        item: #5326 of 5668
          id: ital-3340
      author: Postlethwaite, Bonnie
       title: President's Column
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 911
      flesch: 55
     summary: For forty years now, LITA members have been dedicated to the association’s work, and we have been celebrating our fortieth anniversary throughout 2006. While the national conferences were very successful, the idea of a more infor- mal, intimate event to be held annually took form, and in 1998 LITA held its first annual National Forum.
    keywords: lita; national
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        item: #5327 of 5668
          id: ital-3341
      author: Webb, John
       title: Editorial: A Confession, a Speculation, and a Farewell
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 903
      flesch: 53
     summary: The members of this group from the RLG board are: James Neal, vice president for Information Services and University Librarian, Columbia University; Nancy Eaton, dean of University Libraries and Scholarly Communication, Penn State University (and for- mer chair of the OCLC Board); and Carol Mandel, dean of libraries, New York University. From OCLC the members are Elisabeth Niggeman, director, DeutschesBibliothek; Jane Ryland, senior scientist, Internet 2; and Betsy Wilson, dean of University Libraries, University of Washington.”
    keywords: oclc; rlg
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        item: #5328 of 5668
          id: ital-3342
      author: Antelman, Kristen; Lynema, Emily; Pace, Andrew K.
       title: Toward a Twenty-First Century Catalog
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 8883
      flesch: 51
     summary: Except for task 9*, there is clearly a trend of significantly decreased average task duration for Endeca catalog users. Relevance Relevance ranking of search results is clearly the most important im-provement in the new catalog.
    keywords: catalog; endeca; information; keyword; library; online; results; search; searching; subject; users
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3342.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3342.txt

        item: #5329 of 5668
          id: ital-3344
      author: Bailey Jr., Charles W.
       title: Strong Copyright + DRM + Weak Net Neutrality = Digital Dystopia?
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 10742
      flesch: 50
     summary: Or—in light of the unprecedented transformational power of these tools to create new digital works, and their widespread use both within libraries and on campus—do academic libraries bear heavier responsibilities regarding copyright compli- ance, permission-seeking, and education? Similar issues arise when faculty want to place self-cre- ated digital works that incorporate copyrighted materials in electronic reserves systems or institutional repositories. In 2006, ฀ virtually every type of work imaginable is under automatic copyright protection for extended periods of time; ฀ private use of digital works is increasingly visible and of concern to copyright holders; ฀ the public domain is endangered; and ฀ ordinary citizens are being prosecuted as “pirates” under draconian statutory and criminal penalties.
    keywords: companies; content; copyright; digital; drm; information; internet; law; libraries; new; rights; use; works
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3344.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3344.txt

        item: #5330 of 5668
          id: ital-3345
      author: Fagan, Jody Condit
       title: Usability Testing of a Large, Multidisciplinary Library Database: Basic Search and Visual Search
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 7272
      flesch: 63
     summary: Aravindan Veerasamy and Nicholas J. Belkin, “Evaluation of a Tool for Visualization of Information Retrieval Results,” SIGIR Forum (ACM Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval) (1996): 85–93; Katy Börner and Javed Mostafa, “JoDL Special Issue on Information Visualization Interfaces for Retrieval and Analysis,” International Journal on Digital Libraries 5, no. 1 (2005): 1–2; Ozgur Turetken and Ramesh Sharda, “Clustering-based Visual Interfaces for Presentation of Web Search Results: An Empirical Investigation,” Information Systems Frontiers 7, no. 3 (2005): 273–97. Web search-engine research has shown that the number of searchers viewing only the first results page has increased from 29 percent in 1997 to 73 percent in 2002 for United States-based Web search- engines users.1 Additionally, the mean number of results viewed per query in 2001 was 2.5 documents.2 This may indicate either increasing relevance in search results or an increase in simplistic Web interactions.
    keywords: basic; groups; library; results; search; students; visual
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3345.pdf
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        item: #5331 of 5668
          id: ital-3346
      author: LeVan, Ralph
       title: OpenSearch and SRU: A Continuum of Searching
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 2464
      flesch: 64
     summary: Levan OPENSEARCH AND SRU | LEVAN 151 Not all library content can be exposed as HTML pages for harvesting by search engines such as Google and Yahoo!. Sup- pose it knows that its users prefer search engines that search the contents of many sites simultaneously, rather than site-specific engines such as the one on the library’s Web site.
    keywords: engine; search
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        item: #5332 of 5668
          id: ital-3347
      author: Cheery, Joan M.; Muter, Paul; Szigeti, Steve J.
       title: Bibliographic Displays in Web Catalogs: Does Conformity to Design Guidelines Correlate with User Performance?
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 6193
      flesch: 52
     summary: The authors are aware of no other study indicating a negative correlation between user performance and con- formity to interface design guidelines. Row 1 of table 1 contains correlations between the total guidelines score and response times; Column 1 contains correlations between All Tasks (the sum of the five response times) and guidelines scores.
    keywords: design; displays; guidelines; response; tasks; user; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3347.pdf
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        item: #5333 of 5668
          id: ital-3348
      author: Manzari, Laura; Trinidad-Christensen, Jeremiah
       title: User-Centered Design of a Web Site for Library and Information Science Students: Heuristic Evaluation and Usability Testing
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 5102
      flesch: 55
     summary: They developed the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines for making Web sites accessible to people with disabilities.8 Although articles have been written about usability testing of academic library Web sites, very little has been written about usability testing of special-collection Web sites for distinct user populations within larger academic settings.9 Recommendations for design of Web-based services for library patrons from LIS programs are dis- cussed, as well as implications for Web sites for special libraries within larger academic library settings.
    keywords: design; library; lis; site; usability; web
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        item: #5334 of 5668
          id: ital-3349
      author: Salazar, Ed
       title: Content Management for the Virtual Library
        date: 2006-09-01
       words: 3306
      flesch: 56
     summary: One such technology significantly improving the overall useful- ness of Web sites is a content management system (CMS). 4 Web site management, as expected, becomes cumbersome when a site exceeds two hundred or more static pages and a clear and structured system is not in place to maintain a proliferating number of Web pages.
    keywords: elrc; library; site; virtual; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3349.pdf
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        item: #5335 of 5668
          id: ital-3350
      author: Postlethwaite, Bonnie
       title: President's Column
        date: 2006-12-01
       words: 861
      flesch: 60
     summary: LITA members are often cutting- edge, applying new technologies to solve problems or to provide better solutions and services. I have been working with that group to identify new modes of deliver- ing our programs and to ensure that they maintain their relevancy to LITA members.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5336 of 5668
          id: ital-3351
      author: Hirst, Donna
       title: Guest Editorial: Organizational Structure--Yesterday Informs the Present
        date: 2006-12-01
       words: 885
      flesch: 56
     summary: However, organizations frequently inform the patterns and processes of change—as well as no change. We live in an age where “opening” offers a context for change.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5337 of 5668
          id: ital-3352
      author: Buckland, Michael; Chen, Aitao; Gey, Fredric C.; Larson, Ray R.
       title: Search across Different Media: Numeric Data Sets and Text Files
        date: 2006-12-01
       words: 6082
      flesch: 49
     summary: However, the use of digital technology implies a degree of technical compat- ibility between different media, sometimes referred to as “media convergence,” and these developments encourage the prospect of being able to search across and between different media forms—notably text, images, sound, and numeric data sets—for different kinds of material relat- ing to the same topic. Therefore, attention was turned to a collection of different numeric data sets available through a single interface, Counting California, made available by California Digital Library at http://countingcalifornia.cdlib.org.
    keywords: california; data; different; media; numeric; search; table; text
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3352.pdf
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        item: #5338 of 5668
          id: ital-3353
      author: Mitchell, Steve
       title: Machine Assistance in Collection Building: New Tools, Research, Issues, and Reflections
        date: 2006-12-01
       words: 20648
      flesch: 36
     summary: The revolutions coming in computing power together with the low cost of this power—which will be almost ubiquitously distributed among users of library collections and services—promise much more change than libraries have seen in the last decade. How will this new capability for breadth and depth be defined and used in library collections?
    keywords: assistance; automated; classification; collection; community; data; data fountains; expert; fountains; information; learning; libraries; library; machine; metadata; new; oct; proceedings; resource; subject; text
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3353.pdf
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        item: #5339 of 5668
          id: ital-3354
      author: Peterson, Kate
       title: Academic Web Site Design and Academic Templates: Where Does the Library Fit In?
        date: 2006-12-01
       words: 3420
      flesch: 55
     summary: ■ Problems with academictemplates on library Web sites The primary concern with any template is how much space is available for content. Another drawback to using academic templates for library Web sites can be the time involved in training librar- ians, staff, and library Web site administrators.
    keywords: academic; library; template; web
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        item: #5340 of 5668
          id: ital-3355
      author: Thompson, Samuel T. C.
       title: Helping the Hacker? Library Information, Security, and Social Engineering
        date: 2006-12-01
       words: 3015
      flesch: 62
     summary: Impersonation Because forming trust relationships with their victims is critical to a social- engineering attack, it is not surprising that social engineers often pretend to be someone or something that they are not. Research To establish trust in their victims, social engineers use research as a tool.
    keywords: engineering; information; social
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        item: #5341 of 5668
          id: ital-3356
      author: Riggs, Colby Mariva
       title: President's Column
        date: 2005-03-01
       words: 1408
      flesch: 66
     summary: Inviting � Forward thinking � Lack of bureaucracy � Flexibility �
    keywords: lita; web
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        item: #5342 of 5668
          id: ital-3357
      author: Webb, John
       title: Editorial: First Have Something to Say
        date: 2005-03-01
       words: 1431
      flesch: 56
     summary: In 1978 ISAD became LITA, and in 1982, the journal title was changed to reflect the expanding role of information tech- nology in libraries, an expansion that continues to accel- erate so that ITAL is no longer the only professional journal within ALA whose pages are now dominated by our accelerating use of information technologies as tools to manage the services we provide our users and as tools we use ourselves to accomplish our daily duties. I hope to publish more articles on the management of information technologies.
    keywords: information; journal
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        item: #5343 of 5668
          id: ital-3358
      author: Hutchinson, Hilary Browne; Rose, Anne; Bederson, Benjamin B.; Weeks, Ann Carlson; Druin, Allison
       title: The International Children’s Digital Library: A Case Study in Designing for a Multilingual, Multicultural, Multigenerational Audience
        date: 2005-03-01
       words: 6422
      flesch: 51
     summary: Since many contributors do not have the time or ability to provide all of this informa- tion, volunteers who speak different languages are relied on to check the metadata that get submitted, and translate or transliterate them as necessary. However, both the Web site and the database had to be internationalized and localized to separate the template for metadata pres- entation from the content in different languages.
    keywords: books; children; different; digital; icdl; interface; library
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        item: #5344 of 5668
          id: ital-3359
      author: Barnett-Ellis, Paula; Charnigo, Laurie
       title: Wireless Networks in Medium-sized Academic Libraries: A National Survey
        date: 2005-03-01
       words: 5772
      flesch: 63
     summary: A concern about offering wireless network access in the library is how library staff will be prepared to handle the flood of technical questions that are likely to ensue. Results indicate that wireless networks are already available in many medium-sized academic libraries and that respondents from these institutions feel this technology is beneficial.
    keywords: access; libraries; library; network; percent; wireless
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        item: #5345 of 5668
          id: ital-3360
      author: Roel, Eulalia
       title: The MOSC Project: Using the OAI-PMH to Bridge Metadata Cultural Differences across Museums, Archives, and Libraries
        date: 2005-03-01
       words: 1831
      flesch: 45
     summary: One of these significant differences is of metadata cultures and practices. The aim of the MOSC project participants in selecting OAI-PMH is to maximize participation from fairly dis- parate kinds of organizations, with equally disparate kinds of metadata cultures and practices.
    keywords: metadata; oai
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3360.pdf
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        item: #5346 of 5668
          id: ital-3361
      author: Gall, James E.
       title: Dispelling Five Myths about E-books
        date: 2005-03-01
       words: 6350
      flesch: 59
     summary: Magazines, primary-source documents, online commentaries and reviews, and transcripts of audio or video presentations are just a short list of nonbook materials that are finding their way into e-book formats. Another irony is that the availabil- ity of free, public-domain materials in e-book format can be viewed as negative by the publishing industry.
    keywords: book; digital; information; libraries; library; lita; new; technology
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3361.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3361.txt

        item: #5347 of 5668
          id: ital-3362
      author: Mitchell, Gregory A.
       title: Distinctive Expertise: Multimedia, the Library, and the Term Paper of the Future
        date: 2005-03-01
       words: 3664
      flesch: 58
     summary: The fol- lowing factors have fostered advances in multimedia: � increase in processing power and decrease in cost of computer hardware; � quality and affordability of video equipment; � compression of multimedia files; � consumer broadband Internet access; and � current multimedia editing software The first two technology factors concern the equip- ment involved in multimedia production. The fourth factor is extremely critical for the success of multimedia Web applications.
    keywords: library; multimedia; software; video
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  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3362.txt

        item: #5348 of 5668
          id: ital-3363
      author: Singh, Anil
       title: Design and Development of a Himalayan Studies Information System for India: A Proposed Model
        date: 2005-03-01
       words: 5056
      flesch: 22
     summary: The need to set up HIMIS has, therefore, to be considered in the context of the rapid development of Himalayan information as well as the increasing awareness of its relevance to societal development.11 Objectives of HIMIS HIMIS will be fully computerized so that an efficient system of storage and retrieval could be organized through networks linking all the Himalayan- studies centers with each other. Bearing in mind the concern for setting up HIMIS, the first step is to identify the agencies and institutions that generate Himalayan information.
    keywords: himalayan; india; information; libraries; library; research; studies; system
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        item: #5349 of 5668
          id: ital-3364
      author: Webb, John
       title: Editorial: Editor Sings the Blues
        date: 2005-06-01
       words: 901
      flesch: -792
     summary: Editorial ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
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        item: #5350 of 5668
          id: ital-3365
      author: Jeng, Judy
       title: What Is Usability in the Context of the Digital Library and How Can It Be Measured
        date: 2005-06-01
       words: 6440
      flesch: -6414
     summary: Jeng ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3365.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3365.txt

        item: #5351 of 5668
          id: ital-3366
      author: Jaeger, Paul T.; McClure, Charles R.; Bertot, John Carlo
       title: The E-rate Program and Libraries and Library Consortia, 2000-2004: Trends and Issues
        date: 2005-06-01
       words: 7227
      flesch: -7213
     summary: Jaeger ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3366.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3366.txt

        item: #5352 of 5668
          id: ital-3367
      author: Jin, Qiang
       title: Is the Current Way of Constructing Corporate Authority Records Still Useful?
        date: 2005-06-01
       words: 6002
      flesch: -5969
     summary: Jin ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3367.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3367.txt

        item: #5353 of 5668
          id: ital-3368
      author: Yee, Martha M.
       title: FRBRization: A Method for Turning Online Public Findings Lists into Online Public Catalogs
        date: 2005-06-01
       words: 13101
      flesch: -13175
     summary: Yee ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3368.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3368.txt

        item: #5354 of 5668
          id: ital-3369
      author: Webb, John
       title: Editorial: Bottom Tech Trends
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 912
      flesch: -803
     summary: Editorial ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3369.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3369.txt

        item: #5355 of 5668
          id: ital-3370
      author: Starr, Joan
       title: Design Considerations for Multilingual Web Sites
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 7150
      flesch: -7135
     summary: Starr ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3370.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3370.txt

        item: #5356 of 5668
          id: ital-3371
      author: McCrory, Amy; Russell, Beth M.
       title: Crosswalking EAD: Collaboration in Archival Description
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 4950
      flesch: -4902
     summary: McCrory ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3371.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3371.txt

        item: #5357 of 5668
          id: ital-3372
      author: Farrell, Katharine Treptow; Lute, Janet E.
       title: Document-Management Technology and Acquisitions Workflow: A Case Study in Invoice Processing
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 3790
      flesch: -3724
     summary: Farrell ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3372.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3372.txt

        item: #5358 of 5668
          id: ital-3373
      author: Kruger, Hilda
       title: I, Librarian
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 4895
      flesch: -4846
     summary: Kruger ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3373.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3373.txt

        item: #5359 of 5668
          id: ital-3374
      author: Liu, Jyi-Shane; Tseng, Mu-Hsi; Huang, Tze-Kai
       title: Building Digital Heritage with Teamwork Empowerment
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 5706
      flesch: -5669
     summary: Liu ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3374.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3374.txt

        item: #5360 of 5668
          id: ital-3375
      author: Shires, Nancy P.
       title: To the Benefit of Both: Academic Librarians Connect with Middle School Teachers through a Digitized History Resources Workshop
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 7132
      flesch: -7116
     summary: Communications ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3375.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3375.txt

        item: #5361 of 5668
          id: ital-3376
      author: Zhang, Ying; Bishop, Corinne
       title: Project-Management Tools for Libraries: A Planning and Implementation Model Using Microsoft Project 2000
        date: 2005-09-01
       words: 7132
      flesch: -7116
     summary: Communications ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3376.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3376.txt

        item: #5362 of 5668
          id: ital-3377
      author: Mullin, Patrick J.
       title: President's Column
        date: 2005-12-01
       words: 777
      flesch: -666
     summary: Presidents ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3377.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3377.txt

        item: #5363 of 5668
          id: ital-3378
      author: Yiotis, Kristin
       title: The Open Access Initiative: A New Paradigm for Scholarly Communications
        date: 2005-12-01
       words: 4206
      flesch: -4146
     summary: Yiotis ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3378.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3378.txt

        item: #5364 of 5668
          id: ital-3379
      author: Webb, John
       title: Editorial: Information Technology Dissonance
        date: 2005-12-01
       words: 795
      flesch: -685
     summary: Editorial ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3379.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3379.txt

        item: #5365 of 5668
          id: ital-3380
      author: Tull, Laura
       title: Electronic Resources and Web Sites: Replacing a Back-end Database with Innovative's Electronic Resource Management
        date: 2005-12-01
       words: 4735
      flesch: -4683
     summary: Tull ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3380.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3380.txt

        item: #5366 of 5668
          id: ital-3381
      author: Aliprand, Joan M.
       title: The Structure and Content of MARC 21 Records in the Unicode Environment
        date: 2005-12-01
       words: 6566
      flesch: -6542
     summary: Aliprand ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3381.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3381.txt

        item: #5367 of 5668
          id: ital-3382
      author: Zumalt, Joseph R.
       title: Voice Recognition Technology: Has It Come of Age?
        date: 2005-12-01
       words: 4243
      flesch: -4184
     summary: Zumalt ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3382.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3382.txt

        item: #5368 of 5668
          id: ital-3383
      author: Jörgensen, Peter
       title: Citations in Hypermedia: Implementation Issues
        date: 2005-12-01
       words: 3718
      flesch: -3651
     summary: Jorgensen ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3383.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3383.txt

        item: #5369 of 5668
          id: ital-3384
      author: Atkins, David; Smith, Anthony D.; Dewey, Barbara I.
       title: From the Great Smokies to the Mountains of the Moon: U.S. and Ugandan Librarians Collaborate in a Digital World
        date: 2005-12-01
       words: 6228
      flesch: -6199
     summary: Communications ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3384.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3384.txt

        item: #5370 of 5668
          id: ital-3385
      author: Solar, Renata; Radovan, Dalibor
       title: Use of GIS for Presentation of the Map and Pictorial Collection of the National and University Library of Slovenia
        date: 2005-12-01
       words: 6228
      flesch: -6199
     summary: Communications ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ 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฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3385.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3385.txt

        item: #5371 of 5668
          id: ital-3386
      author: Anderson, Charles
       title: Index to Volume 24
        date: 2005-12-01
       words: 2076
      flesch: -1984
     summary: Index to Volume 24 ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀
    keywords: ฀ ฀
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3386.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3386.txt

        item: #5372 of 5668
          id: ital-3388
      author: Fu, Ping; Fitzgerald, Moira
       title: A Comparative Analysis on the Effect of the Chosen ILSes on Systems and Technical Services Staffing Models
        date: 2013-09-15
       words: 5448
      flesch: 35
     summary: We have learned from attending OCLC’s webinars and product demonstrations that library systems staff would be required to prepare and extract data from their local systems during new systems implementation. Therefore library systems staff could use their time to focus on local applications development and other library priority projects.
    keywords: generation; ils; libraries; library; staff; staffing; systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3388.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3388.txt

        item: #5373 of 5668
          id: ital-3420
      author: Zimmer, Michael
       title: Assessing the Treatment of Patron Privacy in Library 2.0 Literature
        date: 2013-06-10
       words: 4608
      flesch: 42
     summary: Assessing the Treatment of Patron Privacy in Library 2.0 Literature Michael Zimmer INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | JUNE 2013 29 ABSTRACT As libraries begin to embrace Web 2.0 technologies to serve patrons, ushering in the era of Library 2.0, unique dilemmas arise regarding protection of patron privacy. Thus embracing Library 2.0 potentially threatens the traditional ethics of librarianship, where protecting patron privacy and intellectual freedom has been held paramount.
    keywords: information; libraries; library; patron; privacy; web
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3420.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3420.txt

        item: #5374 of 5668
          id: ital-3421
      author: Gureyev, Vadim Nikolaevich; Mazov, Nikolai Alekseevich
       title: Detection of Information Requirements of Researchers Using Bibliometric Analyses to Identify Target Journals
        date: 2013-12-22
       words: 3616
      flesch: 46
     summary: Citing year Number of references Number of cited journals Average number of references in article 2007 1830 492 15.5 2008 1354 472 16.1 2009 1536 558 18.7 2010 1591 471 15.9 2011 1613 484 15.4 Table 2. Number of cited articles, cited journals, and mean number of references in article in the biomedical field References from articles not indexed in WoS were manually extracted, which takes time and effort. It will also be interesting to compare data for cited journals with their usage statistics.
    keywords: articles; cited; journals; russian
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3421.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3421.txt

        item: #5375 of 5668
          id: ital-3423
      author: Southwell, Kristina L.; Slater, Jacquelyn
       title: An Evaluation of Finding Aid Accessibility for Screen Readers
        date: 2013-09-15
       words: 5456
      flesch: 51
     summary: Additional headings or links to individual series or boxes provide even more options AN EVALUATION OF FINDING AID ACCESSIBILITY FOR SCREEN READERS | SOUTHWELL AND SLATER 43 for screen reader users. The presence of these problems underscores the fact that descriptive information needed by screen reader users is not reliably available in finding aids.
    keywords: accessibility; aids; finding; libraries; library; screen
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3423.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3423.txt

        item: #5376 of 5668
          id: ital-3471
      author: Chickering, F. William; Yang, Sharon Q.
       title: Evaluation and Comparison of Discovery Tools: An Update
        date: 2014-06-22
       words: 9058
      flesch: 56
     summary: Some of the features have been used in previous research on discovery tools. mailto:chick@rider.edu mailto:yangs@rider.edu EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF DISCOVERY TOOLS: AN UPDATE | CHICKERING AND YANG 6 investigate link resolvers and discovery tools for federated searching and OPAC by summer 2011.
    keywords: discovery; discovery tools; information; libraries; library; search; tools; university
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3471.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3471.txt

        item: #5377 of 5668
          id: ital-3670
      author: Praczyk, Piotr Adam; Nogueras-Iso, Javier
       title: Automatic Extraction of Figures from Scientific Publications in High-Energy Physics
        date: 2013-12-22
       words: 11226
      flesch: 49
     summary: Inclusion of Text Parts The next step in figures extraction involves the inclusion of lost text parts inside figure candidates. Important information about figure content might be stored in the surroundings of the place where publication text refers to a figure.
    keywords: algorithm; content; extraction; figure; graphical; operations; page; publications; scientific; text
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3670.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3670.txt

        item: #5378 of 5668
          id: ital-3793
      author: Colegrove, Patrick "Tod"
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Libraries as Makerspace?
        date: 2013-03-30
       words: 1515
      flesch: 40
     summary: AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2013 2 Recently there has been tremendous interest in “makerspace” and its potential in libraries: from middle school and public libraries to academic and special libraries, the topic seems very much top of mind. A number of libraries across the country have been actively expanding makerspace within the physical library and exploring its impact; as head of one such library, I can report that reactions to the associated changes have been quite polarized.
    keywords: libraries; library; makerspace
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3793.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-3793.txt

        item: #5379 of 5668
          id: ital-3794
      author: Harrison, David F.; Herber, Randolph J.
       title: An Automated Music Programmer (MUSPROG)
        date: 1969-03-01
       words: 3008
      flesch: 59
     summary: In designing a coded set of instructions to per- form these tasks, it was deemed necessary that any attempt at the selec- tion or compilation of a series of music programs should be made in ac- cordance with certain criteria supplied to the system by the user, and that these selection specification parameters should closely parallel those which would be employed were such an extraction from the total librar- ies to be performed manually. 2/1 March, 1969 versity Computer Center be employed in the selection and updating of recorded music programs.
    keywords: item; music; musprog; program; selection
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-3794.pdf
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        item: #5380 of 5668
          id: ital-3795
      author: Flora, Betty; Willhardt, John
       title: High School Library Data Processing
        date: 1969-03-01
       words: 3121
      flesch: 64
     summary: The Port Huron District, Port Huron, Michigan, has an accounting machine, keypunch and verifier; among the operations performed are printing purchase orders and book cards. Other high schools using library data processing are the Oak Park-River Forest High School in Illinois; Beverly Hills, California; West Hartford, Connecticut; Weston, Massachusetts; and the Burnt Hills-Ballston Lake and Bedford-Mt. Kisco School Districts in New York State (1).
    keywords: book; cards; library; school
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        item: #5381 of 5668
          id: ital-3796
      author: Warheit, I. A.
       title: File Organization of Library Records
        date: 1969-03-01
       words: 5219
      flesch: 62
     summary: Third, file records are variable in length. Although present data man- agement systems are really not suitable, because of variable length rec- ords in item record files and because terminals will be used, it appears that some could be adapted.
    keywords: file; inverted; library; list; organization; record
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        item: #5382 of 5668
          id: ital-3797
      author: Dattola, R. T.
       title: A Fast Algorithm for Automatic Classification
        date: 1969-03-01
       words: 6411
      flesch: 71
     summary: Those documents which do not fall into any of the m clusters S/ are called loose documents, and they are assigned to a special class L . Generate the sets Sn,l, ••• , Sn,m and Ln by Sn,J=[i1lg( d~,,Pn-1,1 f:·T] Ln= (loose documents) { p n,J if, 'l g ( t1,P n,f) ?
    keywords: classification; clusters; documents
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        item: #5383 of 5668
          id: ital-3798
      author: Goldwyn, A. J.; De Gennaro, Richard; Osborn, Laura K.; Guthrie, Gerry D.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1969-03-01
       words: 1599
      flesch: 58
     summary: This remarkable little book is rapidly becoming a classic in the field of information science. The text in these chapters is crowded with material of the most varied and unexpected kinds: disquisitions on logic, formal organi- zation, outlining, interview techniques, information retrieval, the Dewey decimal system, the EJC Thesaurus, and much, much more.
    keywords: book; computer; information
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        item: #5384 of 5668
          id: ital-3811
      author: Emanuel, Jenny
       title: Digital Native Academic Librarians, Technology Skills, and Their Relationship with Technology
        date: 2013-09-15
       words: 6643
      flesch: 57
     summary: She would like to get more into the development side of library technology, but in her current job there is not the time or support to further advance those skills. They also consume technology without understanding how it works.13 Within libraries, technology skills related to new librarians have been studied by Del Bosque and Lampert, who surveyed librarians from a variety of library settings with less than nine years experience working as professional librarians.
    keywords: digital; librarians; library; school; skills; technology
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        item: #5385 of 5668
          id: ital-4303
      author: Gerrity, Robert
       title: Editor's Comments
        date: 2013-03-30
       words: 459
      flesch: 43
     summary: Microsoft Word - ital_march_gerrity.docx Editor’s Comments Bob Gerrity   INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  MARCH  2013   1       With  this  issue,  Information  Technology  and  Libraries  (ITAL)  begins  its  second  year  as  an  open-­‐ access,  e-­‐only  publication.  There  have  been  a  couple  of  technical  hiccups  related  to  the  publication   of  back  issues  of  ITAL  previously  only  available  in  print:  the  publication  system  we’re  using  (Open   Journal  System)  treats  the  back  issues  as  new  content  and  automatically  sends  notifications  to   readers  who  have  signed  up  to  be  notified  when  new  content  is  available.   In  this  month’s  issue,  ITAL  Editorial  Board  member  Patrick  “Tod”  Colegrove  reflects  on  the   emergence  of  makerspace  phenomenon  in  libraries,  providing  an  overview  of  the  makerspace     landscape. 
    keywords: ital
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        item: #5386 of 5668
          id: ital-4308
      author: Cyzyk, Mark
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: "India Does Not Exist."
        date: 2013-06-10
       words: 992
      flesch: 77
     summary: You can get from India to anywhere in Europe very easily via India Air. To do so, I want to use as my example, as my straw man, not a technical question, but a more generic question, the sort of question anyone might conceivably ask.
    keywords: india
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        item: #5387 of 5668
          id: ital-4454
      author: Valentino, Maura
       title: Adding Value to the University of Oklahoma Libraries History of Science Collections through Digital Enhancement
        date: 2014-03-25
       words: 3036
      flesch: 54
     summary: All original manuscript page images and enhanced marginalia page images were imported into CONTENTdm following their creation. —Edgar Allan Poe ABSTRACT Much of the focus of digital collections has been and continues to be on rare and unique materials, including monographs.
    keywords: digital; marginalia; notes; page
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        item: #5388 of 5668
          id: ital-4520
      author: O'Riordan, Adrian
       title: Open Search Environments: The Free Alternative to Commercial Search Services
        date: 2014-06-22
       words: 5945
      flesch: 44
     summary: ”18 Interoperability in web search applies to resource harvesting, meta-search, and to allow search functions interact with other system elements. A technology with some similarities to OpenSearch but more comprehensive is SRU (Search/Retrieval via URL).47 SRU is an open RESTful technology for web search.
    keywords: digital; information; open; opensearch; search; sru; technology; web
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        item: #5389 of 5668
          id: ital-4632
      author: Connell, Ruth Sara
       title: Content Management Systems: Trends in Academic Libraries
        date: 2013-06-10
       words: 6181
      flesch: 55
     summary: Overall, CMS users expressed similar (although slightly greater) satisfaction levels with their method of web management (see table 1.) CMS users were asked to provide a list of three factors most important in their selection of their CMS and to rank their list in order of importance.
    keywords: cms; libraries; library; percent; responses
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        item: #5390 of 5668
          id: ital-4633
      author: Manghi, Paolo; Artini, Michele; Bardi, Alessia; Atzori, Claudio; La Bruzzo, Sandro; Mikulicic, Marko
       title: High-Performance Annotation Tagging over Solr Full-text Indexes
        date: 2014-09-25
       words: 8604
      flesch: 53
     summary: An information space is a digital space a user community populates with information objects for the purpose of enabling content sharing and providing integrated access to different but related collections of information objects.9 The effect of tagging information objects in an information space may be private, i.e., visible to the users who tagged the objects or to a group of users sharing the same right, or public, i.e., visible to all users.10 Many well-known websites allow end users to tag web resources. Prefixing tags with work session identifiers, cloning of tagged objects, or keeping index replicas may be valuable techniques, but all fail to deliver the real-time requirement described previously.
    keywords: actions; annotation; information; objects; query; solr; space; tagging
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        item: #5391 of 5668
          id: ital-4635
      author: Johnson, Megan
       title: Usability Test Results for Encore in an Academic Library
        date: 2013-09-15
       words: 8631
      flesch: 66
     summary: Encore search box after this usability study was completed. Search results for changed search.
    keywords: encore; library; results; search; study; usability; users
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        item: #5392 of 5668
          id: ital-4636
      author: Bridges, Laurie M.; Rempel, Hannah Gashco
       title: That Was Then, This Is Now: Replacing the Mobile-Optimized Site with Responsive Design
        date: 2013-12-22
       words: 6288
      flesch: 53
     summary: As part of a growing recognition that it is time to reevaluate mobile library sites, Bohyun Kim, reviewed eight library mobile sites, and presented her analysis at the American Library Association Annual Conference in 2012.20 Kim compared screenshots of 2010 and 2012 homepages and found a greater emphasis on search in the 2012 versions. Kim also highlighted constraints and assumptions that are no longer true in the mobile environment, such as mobile devices’ slow networks, a focus on information on the go, and mobile sites with fewer features and content.
    keywords: library; mobile; mobile site; research; respondents; site; users
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        item: #5393 of 5668
          id: ital-4641
      author: Sectional Subcommittee Z39, American Standards Institute
       title: USA Standard for a Format for Bibliographic Information Interchange on Magnetic Tape
        date: 1969-05-31
       words: 4147
      flesch: 57
     summary: 0.2 This standard defines a format which is intended for the inter- change of bibliographic records on magnetic tape. The standard provides for bibliographic records which describe one or more related bibliographic units, and provides for coding the relationships among them.
    keywords: bibliographic; data; field; length
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        item: #5394 of 5668
          id: ital-4642
      author: Sectional Subcommittee Z39, American Standards Institute
       title: Appendix I
        date: 1969-05-31
       words: 6321
      flesch: 57
     summary: This is the language (or languages) in which the item origina1ly appeared if dif- ferent from data element number 470. Standard book number a Standard book number 021
    keywords: content; designation; entry; number; subject; tag; tag designation
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        item: #5395 of 5668
          id: ital-4643
      author: Sectional Subcommittee Z39, American Standards Institute
       title: Appendix II
        date: 1969-05-31
       words: 497
      flesch: 56
     summary: The tag ID is a data element consisting of one basic character used to differentiate tags for multiple subrecords describing bibliogra- phic units which have the same type-of-record and bibliographic level codes (See 3.2.4 and 3.2.5). The following Appendix is not part of the proposed Standard but is included to illustrate a method for handling subrecords within a biblio- graphic record.
    keywords: subrecord
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        item: #5396 of 5668
          id: ital-4644
      author: Kilgour, Frederick G.; Donohue, Joseph C.; Prior, John A.; Leimkuhler, F. F.; Atkinson, Hugh C.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1969-05-31
       words: 3906
      flesch: 57
     summary: Its scope is both less and more than the title indicates: less, because communication here means docu- mentation and excludes direct, immediate communication; more, because it extends far beyond merely the documentation of science and technology to information processes per se, though not to all of information science. From the seven existing major bibliographies listed at the end of this review, and from twenty abstracting and indexing services, and nearly 300 journals, the compilers have selected items published during the years 1955-1965, in nine categories : 1 ) research resUlts, 2) new theories, 3) identifiable breakthroughs, 4) incremental gains in information sciences, services, and systems, 5) developments identified as new by the authors reporting them, 6) comprehensive reviews, 7) bibliographies, 8) evalu- ative articles, and 9) directories to current research.
    keywords: bibliography; book; information; library; marc; science
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        item: #5397 of 5668
          id: ital-4656
      author: Phillips, Brian; Rogers, Gary
       title: Simon Fraser University Computer Produced Map Catalogue
        date: 2013-05-03
       words: 3470
      flesch: 72
     summary: Automated or semi-automated methods for cataloguing and producing map lists have been in use for over twenty years. The records are changed or deleted by comparing the call number on the area master and the call number and subject code on the subject master.
    keywords: area; map; master; number; subject
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        item: #5398 of 5668
          id: ital-4657
      author: Kilgour, Frederick
       title: Library Computerization in the United Kingdom
        date: 2013-05-03
       words: 4007
      flesch: 54
     summary: The group has increased considerably more than tenfold and has brought quality of British library computerization to a level surpassed by none. To be sure, relatively more British libraries than United States libraries have maintained catalogs in book- form, but the pioneer project at Camden produced a bookform catalog to take the place of card catalogs.
    keywords: computerization; libraries; library; system; united
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        item: #5399 of 5668
          id: ital-4658
      author: Rather, John C.; Pennington, Jerry G.
       title: The MARC Sort Program
        date: 2013-05-03
       words: 5049
      flesch: 67
     summary: The first requirement for a program for library sorting is a set of gen- eralized computer techniques for creating sort keys from MARC records at the user's option. Specialist in Technical Processes Research, and Jerry G. PENNINGTON: Information Systems Mathematician, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 125 Describes the characte1·istics, performance, and potential of SKED (Sort- Key Edit), a generalized computer program for creating sort keys for MARC II records at the users option.
    keywords: key; marc; program; record; sort
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        item: #5400 of 5668
          id: ital-4659
      author: Norden, Margaret
       title: KWIC Index to Government Publications
        date: 2013-05-03
       words: 3492
      flesch: 58
     summary: No similar attempt to control government publications has been reported, although at Northeastern University data processing equipment has been used to list United States material. Morehead, Joe: United States Government Documents-A Mazeway Miscellany, RQ, 8 (Fall1968), 47-50.
    keywords: documents; index; kwic; library; list; united
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        item: #5401 of 5668
          id: ital-4660
      author: Becker, Joseph
       title: Telecommunications Primer
        date: 2013-05-03
       words: 3632
      flesch: 52
     summary: In addition to its obvious appli- cation to interlibrary loan, teletype has also been used to augment library holdings on a reciprocal basis, to provide for general communications with other libraries, to serve as a channel for querying union catalogs, to ac- commodate reference questions and services, and to handle internal com- munications. The Federal Com- munications Commission is reviewing the overall question of cost for voice and data communication and is also investigating the policy issues raised by the growing interdependence of computers and communications.
    keywords: communications; libraries; library; signals; telecommunications; telephone
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        item: #5402 of 5668
          id: ital-4661
      author: Duggan, Maryann
       title: Library Network Analysis and Planning (LIB-NAT)
        date: 2013-05-03
       words: 5372
      flesch: 57
     summary: 2/ 3 September, 1969 With the new tool of library networks, it is possible to provide respon- sive, personalized, in-depth reference service, and to provide it so rapidly that a patron can receive a pertinent bibliography covering his desired topic within an hour of his original inquiry. Necessary components of a network are discussed, and network transactions of eighteen Dallas area libraries analyzed using a methodology and quantitative measures developed fm· this project.
    keywords: libraries; library; network; new; node; reference; transactions
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        item: #5403 of 5668
          id: ital-4662
      author: Kilgour, Frederick G.; Fuller, M.D., Ellis A.; Hogan, Alan D.; Burgess, Thomas K.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 2013-05-03
       words: 1757
      flesch: 54
     summary: Half of his book treats of characteristics and operation of information retrieval systems and half of testing and evaluating such systems. The book is a successful elementary introduction to large information retrieval systems.
    keywords: book; information; retrieval
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        item: #5404 of 5668
          id: ital-4663
      author: Coward, Richard E.
       title: MARC International
        date: 1969-12-01
       words: 2568
      flesch: 52
     summary: National machine readable bibliographic systems will be established, but there is a grave danger that those agencies responsible will be pri- marily concerned only with the immediate problem of producing records suitable for use in their own national context or for their own national bibliography, regardless of the fact that the libraries and information cen- tres they need to serve are acquiring ever-increasing quantities of foreign material. It can be seen that the basis of MARC II is a very flexible file structure designed to hold any type of bibliographic record.
    keywords: bibliographic; data; library; marc
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        item: #5405 of 5668
          id: ital-4665
      author: Bellomy, Fred L.
       title: Management Planning for Library Systems Development
        date: 1969-12-01
       words: 11221
      flesch: 56
     summary: In any case, program objectives will need to be established that reflect existing library policies and current or anticipated needs. Second, it shows how all program activ- ities making demands on available resources are related to the achieve- ment of program objectives ( 12).
    keywords: design; development; library; module; objectives; planning; program; systems; time; total; university; work
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        item: #5406 of 5668
          id: ital-4666
      author: Dolby, J. L.; Forsyth, V. J.
       title: An Analysis of Cost Factors in Maintaining and Updating Card Catalogs
        date: 1969-12-01
       words: 8892
      flesch: 65
     summary: THE USE OF COST INFORMATION Having noted some of the difficulties that tend to cloud cost compari- sons, it is perhaps useful to investigate how cost information is likely to be used. There are also tables on card catalog costs.
    keywords: card; catalog; cataloging; cost; information; libraries; library; study; table
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        item: #5407 of 5668
          id: ital-4667
      author: Avram, Henriette D.; Crosby, Alan S.; Pennington, Jerry G.; Rather, John C.; Rather, Lucia J.; Whitmer, Arlene
       title: MARC Program Research and Development: A Progress Report
        date: 1969-12-01
       words: 8800
      flesch: 64
     summary: Operators of GENESIS Operator EQUALS NOT EQUAL GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO AND OR Example of usage Count all occurrences where data repre- sented by tag 530 EQUALS Bound with Count all occurrences where the publication language code is NOT EQUAL to eng Count all occurrences and output records that are GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 1,000 characters Count all occurrences of records entered on the MARC data base before June 1, 1968 (LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 680601) Count all occurrences where the publication equals s AND the publication date is greater than or equal to 1960 Briefly, they per- form the following tasks: MARC Research and Development/ AVRAM 243 1) A pre-edit program converts records prepared on an MT /ST to a mag- netic tape file of EBCDIC encoded record segments. 2) A format edit program converts the pre-edited tape file to a modified form of the MARC processing format. 3) A content edit program generates records in the final processing for- mat.
    keywords: data; field; format; marc; number; program; query; record
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        item: #5408 of 5668
          id: ital-4668
      author: Lipetz, Ben-Ami; Stangl, Peter; Taylor, Kathryn F.
       title: Performance of Ruecking's Word-compression Method When Applied to Machine Retrieval from a Library Catalog
        date: 1969-12-01
       words: 2599
      flesch: 59
     summary: If foreign-language references had been systematically ignored in applying the test to catalog searches, some 16% ( 20 out of 126) of the searches would have been excluded, with no real gain in performance. Ruecking' s W ord-Compression/LIPETZ 269 Table 1 provides detailed information on the discrepancies between user data and catalog data in the test.
    keywords: catalog; data; method
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        item: #5409 of 5668
          id: ital-4669
      author: Taylor, Robert S.; Rush, James E.; Demos, John; Rees, Jr., Thomas H.; Kilgour, Frederick G.; Orne, Jerold; Gorman, Michael; Braden, Irene
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1969-12-01
       words: 3852
      flesch: 64
     summary: 2/4 December, 1969 has nothing to do with library systems and little in terms of system analy- sis that does not relate to computerization. Item: the local library should satisfy a large per- centage of the user's needs ( 90-99% ) ; however, some portion of these needs ( 1-10%) should be obtained from other libraries to keep system costs within reasonable range ( p.32).
    keywords: book; libraries; library; list; standards
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        item: #5410 of 5668
          id: ital-5105
      author: Corbly, James Edward
       title: The Free Software Alternative: Freeware, Open Source Software, and Libraries
        date: 2014-09-25
       words: 4566
      flesch: 54
     summary: Among the major types of software (commercial, shareware, adware, etc.), freeware and open- source software are unique. In the past several years, an increasing number of librarians have turned to freeware and open- source software to help them fulfill the duties they are obligated to discharge.
    keywords: freeware; open; software; source; use; users
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        item: #5411 of 5668
          id: ital-5106
      author: Dehmlow, Mark
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Services and User Context in the Era of Webscale Discovery
        date: 2013-06-10
       words: 1368
      flesch: 37
     summary: The data is critical, but the debates over vendors' unwillingness to share data have overshadowed other important features and functionality that are important to making discovery systems valuable, especially in the areas of getting users the actual resources that they find, delivering the most relevant results, and being more aware of the full user context not merely their search query. Another librarian commented on how valuable it would be to integrate user generated comments about books from worldcat.org in a similar way.
    keywords: systems; user
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        item: #5412 of 5668
          id: ital-5123
      author: Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: Concept of an On-Line Computerized Library Catalog
        date: 1970-03-01
       words: 4575
      flesch: 53
     summary: Librarians include sufficient data in catalog entries to enable them to decide from the description whether or not a book at hand or a book described by another citation is tne same book as that in the catalog records. An early code for production of catalog entries, which the French Government issued in 1791 ( 11), pre- scribed transcription of the title page, and underlining of the author's name as the filing term.
    keywords: author; catalog; entries; information; library; title
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        item: #5413 of 5668
          id: ital-5124
      author: Hilbert, Eloise F.
       title: Library Mechanization at Auburn Community College
        date: 1970-03-01
       words: 3391
      flesch: 66
     summary: Since the tedious task of erasing or painting over and retyping catalog card numbers and entries, book pockets and book cards would be greatly reduced by automation, it was decided that reclassification of the book collection should be the first automated pro- cedure. Circulation cards were inserted in the book pockets and the books were returned to the stacks, which had been relabeled with Library of Congress numbers.
    keywords: cards; circulation; library; number
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        item: #5414 of 5668
          id: ital-5125
      author: Atherton, Pauline; Tessier, Judith
       title: Teaching with MARC Tapes
        date: 1970-03-01
       words: 4147
      flesch: 59
     summary: The LEEP approach seems to have had an impact upon library students who are straight librarians, and not very interested in library automation. A computer based laboratory for library science students to use in class assignments and for independent projects has been developed and used for one year at Syracuse University.
    keywords: class; leep; library; marc; records; students
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        item: #5415 of 5668
          id: ital-5126
      author: Bierman, Kenneth John; Blue, Betty Jean
       title: Processing of MARC Tapes for Cooperative Use
        date: 1970-03-01
       words: 8957
      flesch: 78
     summary: Unlike NELINET (1) and the Washington State System (2), which are processing MARC tapes to produce final hard-copy products for the cooperating libraries, the Oklahoma system provides the machine readable MARC records (not final products) a library needs; then that library can process these records in any way it wishes on its own equip- ment. The money saved could then be used for utilization of MARC rec- ords rather than for housekeeping maintenance of MARC records.
    keywords: libraries; library; marc; records; tape
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        item: #5416 of 5668
          id: ital-5127
      author: Warheit, I. A.
       title: Design of Library Systems for Implementation with Interactive Computers
        date: 1970-03-01
       words: 6244
      flesch: 57
     summary: DESIGN OF LIBRARY SYSTEMS FOR IMPLEMENT AT ION WITH INTERACTIVE COMPUTERS 65 I. A. W ARHEIT: Program Administrator, Information Systems Marketing, International Business Machines, San Jose, California In the development of library systems, the movement today is toward the so-called totar' or integrated system. Although there are a number of reasons why on-line, time sharing and terminal oriented equipment made it feasible to build total library systems, the fundamental ones were that now the librarians could interact with their system and records and could, essentially simultaneously, perform a great variety of tasks.
    keywords: files; libraries; library; line; system; time; total
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        item: #5417 of 5668
          id: ital-5128
      author: Mitchell, Patrick C.; Burgess, Thomas K.
       title: Methods of Randomization of Large Files with High Volatility
        date: 1970-03-01
       words: 2625
      flesch: 63
     summary: Disk location, also called disk address, home position, and relative record address ( RRA) in this paper, refers to the computed offset address of a record in the file, relative to the starting address of the file. METHODS OF RANDOMIZATION OF LARGE FILES WITH HIGH VOLATILITY 79
    keywords: file; number; record
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        item: #5418 of 5668
          id: ital-5129
      author: Lee, Sul H.; Murdock, John W.; Payne, Charles T.; Devlin, Eleanor R.; Dudley, Norman; Guthrie, Gerry D.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1970-03-01
       words: 3167
      flesch: 55
     summary: In addition to the state.af-th~art reviews, other session papers pre-- sented at the 1967 Institute and included in this work were on the sub- jects of: library systems analysis (how tO' do it), influence of automation on new building planning> implications of MARC, and the· Library of Congress systems studies. 3/1 March, 1970 book is a valuable study in library systems analysis and design, and its identification and quantification of the various technical processing activi- ties can yield real benefits to librarians everywhere, be they ever so de- centralized.
    keywords: automation; book; computer; library; systems
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        item: #5419 of 5668
          id: ital-5141
      author: Real, Brian; Bertot, John Carlo; Jaeger, Paul T.
       title: Rural Public Libraries and Digital Inclusion: Issues and Challenges
        date: 2014-03-25
       words: 8349
      flesch: 34
     summary: Through analysis of the PLFTAS data2 about technology access in rural public libraries in conjunction with other studies of rural libraries and librarians, this article explores the causes and effects of the relatively more limited technological and support infrastructures for rural patrons and communities. Rural libraries are also far less likely to have formal guides to help customers understand these government services, with only 15.3% of rural libraries offering such products as compared to 33.6% of urban and 22.2% of suburban counterparts.
    keywords: access; digital; libraries; library; public; public libraries; rural; rural libraries; technology
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        item: #5420 of 5668
          id: ital-5174
      author: Perrin, Joy Marie; Clark, Melanie; De-Leon, Esther; Edgar, Lynne
       title: Usability Testing for Greater Impact: A Primo Case Study
        date: 2014-12-18
       words: 3655
      flesch: 57
     summary: that  the  time  on  tasks,  excluding  task  4,  diminished  between  task  1   and  task  7,  suggesting  that  participants  had  no  trouble  learning  and  remembering  how  to  use  the   system.   Error  Rate  for  Each  Task   The  error  rate  proved  to  be  the  most  accurate  indicator  of  usability  problems  with  each  task.  Each   time  a  participant  chose  a  wrong  path,  faced  an  impasse,  or  had  to  be  guided  by  the  facilitator,  the   event  was  labeled  as  an  error.   Because  the  error  rate  seems  to  decline  from  task  1  to  task  7  (excluding  tasks  3   and  4),  the  team  inferred  that  users  were  able  to  learn  how  to  use  the  system  quite  easily.  
    keywords: task; team
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        item: #5421 of 5668
          id: ital-5243
      author: Trainor, Cindi
       title: President's Message
        date: 2013-09-15
       words: 594
      flesch: 51
     summary: Finally, for those of you interested in leadership but not necessarily ready to run for Board, I want to point you to documents put together by the LITA Emerging Leaders team in 2013: http://connect.ala.org/node/197839 Our team of three ALA Emerging Leaders, Margaret Heller, Zach Coble, and Katie Heidgerken- Greene, surveyed LITA leaders, worked with Committee Chairs Coordinator Michelle Frisque and IG Chairs Coordinator Paul Keith, and synthesized tons of information and many documents into the Leadership Guide for New Chairs of Committees and Interest Groups Cindi Trainor (cindiann@gmail.com) is LITA President 2013-14 and Community Specialist & Trainer for Springshare, LLC. Well before Midwinter in Philadelphia will be National Forum 2013.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5422 of 5668
          id: ital-5244
      author: Gerrity, Robert
       title: Editor's Comments
        date: 2013-09-15
       words: 616
      flesch: 47
     summary: Visiting the discovery side of library services, Megan Johnson from Appalachian State University reports on usability testing of Appalachian’s “one box” integrated articles and catalog search, using Innovative Interfaces’ Encore Discovery Service. Speaking of usability, I had the chance recently to observe a usability testing session for my library’s website, and was reminded of the importance of designing library websites and delivering web-based library services that will actually be of value to our users, delivered with their context in mind rather than ours.
    keywords: library
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        item: #5423 of 5668
          id: ital-5245
      author: Tagliacozzo, Renata; Kochen, Manfred; Rosenberg, Lawrence
       title: Orthographic Error Patterns of Author Names in Catalog Searches
        date: 1970-06-01
       words: 3094
      flesch: 66
     summary: Michigan An investigation of error patterns in author names based on data from a survey of library catalog searches. To ascertain if this is the case for author names, a data base much larger than that used for this study would be needed.
    keywords: author; errors; letter
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        item: #5424 of 5668
          id: ital-5246
      author: Avram, Henriette D.
       title: The Recon Pilot Project: A Progress Report
        date: 1970-06-01
       words: 5311
      flesch: 55
     summary: It is imperative that before levels of completeness of MARC records are defined with respect to content and content desig- nation, the implications of these definitions to future library networks be thoroughly explored. A study of the use of a mini-computer operating in an on-line mode for input, editing, and formatting of MARC records is in progress at the Library and will supplement the RECON effort and provide additional data.
    keywords: card; library; marc; recon; records; titles
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        item: #5425 of 5668
          id: ital-5247
      author: Payne, Charles T.; McGee, Robert S.
       title: Comparisons of LC Proofslip and MARC Tape Arrival Dates at the University of Chicago Library
        date: 1970-06-01
       words: 2438
      flesch: 79
     summary: Table 2. Number of Proofslip Matches with MARC Indexes by Arrival Week and by LC Card Number Subseries Proof slip LC Tape Tape Tape Tape Tape Tape Tape Tape Tape Tape Week Series 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 PS 2 65- 68 5 25 13 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 # 88 69 2 8 5 3 3 0 l 0 0 0 7 series 1 2 7 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 Total 8 35 25 8 9 1 1 0 0 0 6!:>-68 6 42 77 37 17 9 2 1 0 0 PS 3 69 7 25 65 32 30 9 5 0 1 0 #497 7 series 0 16 36 41 8 2 0 0 2 0 Total 13 83 178 110 55 20 7 1 3 0 65-68 0 14 35 57 19 12 1 3 2 1 PS 4 #340 69 0 0 26 56 12 3 0 1 1 3 7 serie' 0 0 18 36 19 9 1 0 1 2 Total 0 14 79 149 so 24 2 4 4 6 65-68 0 0 14 56 33 35 0 4 7 4 PS 5 69 0 0 7 62 21 8 0 4 3 2 #398 7 seriel 0 0 9 49 9 9 1 5 2 6 Total 0 0 30 167 63 52 1 13 12 12 65-68 0 0 0 29 108 77 3 5 2 3 PS 6 69 0 0 1 55 95 so 4 2 2 4 #653 7 serie~ 0 0 2 28 72 52 6 0 5 s· Total 0 0 3 112 275 179 13 7 9 12 65-68 0 0 0 9 68 128 29 6 4 2 PS 7 #711 69 0 0 0 2 29 133 54 9 1 8 7 serie! 0 0 0 5 33 92 33 10 3 6 Total 0 0 0 1 6 130 353 116 25 8 16 PS 8 65-68 1 0 0 0 5 87 46 29 6 4 69 0 0 0 0 2 54 49 20 11 4 #503 7 seriel 0 .0 0 0 2 37 46 17 1 2 Total 1 0 0 0 9 178 141 66 18 10 65-68 0 0 0 0 0 10 86 122 52 34 PS 9 69 0 0 0 0 l 3 75 107 53 39 #933 7 «F>ri F>< 0 0 0 0 0 1 49 115 73 42 Total 0 0 0 0 1 14 210 344 178 115 65-68 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 36 159 91 PS 10 #985 · 69 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 40 180 96 7 series 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 23 165 101 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 99 504 288 Tape Tape Tape 11 12 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 In subsequent weeks, complete collections of proof- slips bearing the MARC acronym (MARC proofslips) were attempted, so that proofslip data beginning with Week 3 (April 14-18) are more complete.
    keywords: marc; tape
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        item: #5426 of 5668
          id: ital-5248
      author: Avram, Henriette; De Gennaro, Richard; Pulsifer, Josephine S.; Rather, John C.; Rosenthal, Joseph A.; Veaner, Allen B.
       title: Levels of Machine Readable Records
        date: 1970-06-01
       words: 2215
      flesch: 58
     summary: The first involves the distribution of cataloging information in machine readable form for use by library networks, library systems, and individual libraries; the second involves the recording of bibliographic data in a national union catalog to reflect the holdings of libraries in the United States and Canada. At the present stage of library automation, it is impossible to define rigorously all of the potential uses of machine readable catalog records.
    keywords: libraries; machine
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        item: #5427 of 5668
          id: ital-5249
      author: de Varennes, Rosario
       title: On-Line Serials System at Laval University Library
        date: 1970-06-01
       words: 5195
      flesch: 63
     summary: A year or so from now, it should be possible to evaluate the impact of the system on Laval Library users, by which time additional terminals will have been put at their disposal. Director, Library Analysis and Automation, Laval University Library, Cite Universitaire, Quebec, Canada Description of a system, operational since June 1968, that provides control of all serials holdings in nine campus libraries, permits updating of the complete file every two or three days, and produces various outputs for library users and library staff from data in variable fields on disks (listings, statistics, etc.).
    keywords: file; ibm; laval; library; program; serials; system
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        item: #5428 of 5668
          id: ital-5250
      author: Atherton, Pauline; Miller, Karen B.
       title: LC/MARC on MOLDS; An Experiment in Computer-Based Interactive Bibliographic Storage, Search, Retrieval, and Processing
        date: 1970-06-01
       words: 8570
      flesch: 65
     summary: Essentially, the user of the program describes each MOLDS file to be produced by specifying: 1) the number of (fixed) fields per MOLDS record; 2) the name and size (in characters) of each field in the MOLDS record; 3) the name of the MARC I field from which the data are to be taken; 4) selection criteria according to which MARC I records are to be chosen for conversion; 5) for any MARC I field, a data conversion procedure to be applied prior to transferring the information to the appropriate MOLDS field; 6) whether or not diacritical codes should be stripped from the MARC MARC I biblio- graphic file to satisfy MOLDS data base requirements.
    keywords: base; block; data; list; marc; molds; records; system; user
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        item: #5429 of 5668
          id: ital-5251
      author: Voigt, Melvin J.; Tars, Arvo; Kilgour, Frederick G.; Csuri, Charles; Richey, James I.; de Gara, John; Oldfather, Margaret
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1970-06-01
       words: 2857
      flesch: 49
     summary: Thus this collection of papers can be useful to both student and practitioner interested in research and development of library systems. Frederick G. Kilgour's paper on initial system design for the Ohio College Library Center is excellent, not so much for solutions, but because he raises the questions on the purpose of college libraries and the nature of regional systems which need to be raised before embarking on design.
    keywords: college; information; junior; libraries; library
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        item: #5430 of 5668
          id: ital-5254
      author: Jacob, Mary Ellen
       title: Standardized Costs for Automated Library Systems
        date: 1970-09-01
       words: 3353
      flesch: 61
     summary: Program maintenance costs usually do not appear until after the system has been up and running for some time, and are usually not included in reports of system costs, since most reports are written before, or soon after, system installation. 3/3 September, 1970 Table 1 shows a simple presentation of system cost.
    keywords: computer; costs; equipment; library; system
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        item: #5431 of 5668
          id: ital-5255
      author: Murray, D. M.
       title: A Scatter Storage Scheme for Dictionary Lookups
        date: 1970-09-01
       words: 8246
      flesch: 72
     summary: Let H, be the expected number of hash table slots with i entries for i=0,1, ... Expected Storage and Search Properties fo1' Basic Scatter Storage Schemes Measure Load factor Number of empty table slots Number of single entries Number of collision chains of length i Expected sums Fraction of hash table empty Fraction of table filled with single entries Fraction of hash table slots with i entries Expected sums Number of collisions Number of entries in the bump table Total table slots required Average lookup time (probes)
    keywords: hash; hash table; number; storage; table; words
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        item: #5432 of 5668
          id: ital-5256
      author: Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: History of Library Computerization
        date: 1970-09-01
       words: 4956
      flesch: 52
     summary: University of California, San Diego, University Library: Report on Serials Computer Project; University Library and UCSD Computer Center (La Jolla, California: University Library, July 1962). REFERENCES l. Kilgom, Frederick G.: The Economic Goal of Library Automation, College & Research Libraries, 30 (July 1969 ), 307-311.
    keywords: catalog; computer; information; libraries; library; system; university
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        item: #5433 of 5668
          id: ital-5257
      author: Avram, Henriette D.; Guiles, Kay D.; Maruyama, Lenore S.
       title: The Recon Pilot Project: A Progress Report, November 1969 - April 1970
        date: 1970-09-01
       words: 8265
      flesch: 60
     summary: RECON records in the 1969 and 7-series are being input by a service bureau. This gave LC the basis to compare two devices, the key-to- cassette used at the Library of Congress for the MARC Distribution Serv.ice and the equipment used by the contractor for RECON records.
    keywords: card; cost; data; input; library; marc; recon; records
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        item: #5434 of 5668
          id: ital-5258
      author: Wilkinson, Billy R.; Evans, Glyn; Goldwyn, A. J.; Miniter, John J.; Nugent, William R.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1970-09-01
       words: 4151
      flesch: 62
     summary: The literature of librarianship contains descnphons of md1v1dual undergraduate libraries or philosophical essays concerning library services for undergraduates. The literature of librarianship contains descnphons of md1v1dual undergraduate libraries or philosophical essays concerning library services for undergraduates.
    keywords: book; library; system
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        item: #5435 of 5668
          id: ital-5259
      author: Dolby, James L.
       title: An Algorithm for Variable-Length Proper-Name Compression
        date: 1970-12-01
       words: 6228
      flesch: 66
     summary: I,S and storage specifications are subject to error, but also because various transliteration schemes exist and can provide variant proper name forms in the same data base. A viable on-line search system cannot reasonably assume that each user will invariably provide the proper input information without error.
    keywords: algorithm; characters; classes; errors; identification; library; names; system; vowel
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        item: #5436 of 5668
          id: ital-5260
      author: Spigai, Frances G.; Mahan, Thomas
       title: On-Line Acquisitions by LOLITA
        date: 1970-12-01
       words: 6528
      flesch: 64
     summary: These order records are kept on line, and are assigned a special series of purchase order numbers, prefixed by an H. No account- ing procedures accompany these orders, although a purchase order is generated and manually filed by purchase order number. This causes accounting information (purchase order number, vendor code, invoice number, actual price, invoice data, account number) to be duplicated in the accounting file.
    keywords: data; file; information; library; line; number; order; record
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        item: #5437 of 5668
          id: ital-5261
      author: Bellomy, Fred L.; Jaccarino, Lies N.
       title: Listings of Uncataloged Collections
        date: 1970-12-01
       words: 3462
      flesch: 70
     summary: JO IC44 NE 2035 NE 2246 ~E 2097 NE 2188 JO 1299 NE 2090 JO 2002 NE 2083 JO IC54 NE 2045 1<£ 2.l5t H 2257 NE 2228 NE 0609 t::J NE 22•0
    keywords: century; collections; listings; painting
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        item: #5438 of 5668
          id: ital-5262
      author: Bierman, Kenneth John; Blue, Betty Jean
       title: A MARC Based SDI Service
        date: 1970-12-01
       words: 5602
      flesch: 61
     summary: It was decided, however, that before additional funds and energy should be expended to improve the storage and retrieval of MARC records, the usefulness of the presently available individual records themselves should be demonstrated. For example, the Library School could use a listing of MARC records on each weekly tape dealing with library science.
    keywords: classification; department; library; marc; number; records; sdi
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        item: #5439 of 5668
          id: ital-5263
      author: Palmer, Foster M.; Hoadley, Irene Braden; Bierman, Kenneth J.; Salton, G.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1970-12-01
       words: 1308
      flesch: 56
     summary: As in the preceding volumes in this series, the purpose is to report actual experience in case history form of applica- tions of data processing technology to areas of library operations. One opens this report wondering whether circulation of reserve books to readers is included in the computer based system, and assuming that such circulation would have to be handled on-line because the short duration of reserve loans, often on the order of one hour, would not seem to fit well with batch processing.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #5440 of 5668
          id: ital-5267
      author: Yavarkovsky, Jerome
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: The Promise of Immersive Libraries
        date: 2013-12-22
       words: 1224
      flesch: 30
     summary: Immersive technologies offer the promise of 3D virtual world libraries where students and their teachers can work together in virtual space with library materials and tools—search engines, online catalogs, media, text, etc. For more than five years, advances in the development of virtual meeting space and workspace have enabled librarians to provide immersive, 3D virtual world services that give a sense of presence that is lacking in conference calls, text chat, and web conferencing.1 As a result, not only is the individual’s physical distance from library materials eliminated, but also the distance is eliminated between individuals who work with each other using library materials.
    keywords: immersive; library; virtual
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        item: #5441 of 5668
          id: ital-5273
      author: Kiscaden, Elizabeth
       title: Creating a Current Awareness Service Using Yahoo! Pipes and LibGuides
        date: 2014-12-18
       words: 1968
      flesch: 36
     summary: The  service,  dubbed  Info  SOS,  was  designed  to  overcome  two   barriers  to  patron  participation  in  feed  services:  the  chore  of  subscribing  to  and  curating  multiple   feeds  and  the  lack  of  awareness  of  feeds  and  feed  reader  technology.   Yahoo!  Pipes  was  chosen  for  this  service  primarily  because  it  requires  limited   coding  knowledge,7  yet  the  software  provides  a  number  of  advanced  functions  for  sorting  and   combining  large  groups  of  feeds. 
    keywords: current; feeds
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        item: #5442 of 5668
          id: ital-5275
      author: Harnish, Thomas D.
       title: Video Technologies: Neologism or Library Trend
        date: 1981-06-01
       words: 1108
      flesch: 52
     summary: Inev- 76 journal of Library Automation Vol. 14/2 June 1981 itably, this technological trend also will occur in libraries and, in this light, the relatively low level of involvement of computers in providing patron services today is notable. Converging factors are shaping a new environment for libraries, and, as a consequence, the present is full of opportunity.
    keywords: libraries; library
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        item: #5443 of 5668
          id: ital-5276
      author: Uluakar, Tamer; Pierce, Anton R.; Chachra, Vinod
       title: Design Principles for a Comprehensive Library System
        date: 1981-06-01
       words: 4943
      flesch: 59
     summary: However, system users have come to demand that all rel- evant data be available at a single terminal from a single system. The emergence of powerful and easy-to-use database management systems, the spectacular price reductions in hardware, and the concom- itant, and equally spectacular, improvements in system capabilities have made it clear that it is practical to think ambitiously.
    keywords: bibliographic; data; library; records; screens; system; use
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        item: #5444 of 5668
          id: ital-5277
      author: Rastogi, Kunj B.; Morita, Ichiko T.
       title: OCLC Search Key Usage Patterns in a Large Research Library
        date: 1981-06-01
       words: 4040
      flesch: 73
     summary: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Among various types of search keys available to the users, the name/ title, LCCN, and title search keys were entered most frequently. Users can choose to enter any type of search key from the various types of search keys permitted by the system.
    keywords: key; search; title
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5277.pdf
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        item: #5445 of 5668
          id: ital-5278
      author: Lukac, Jenko
       title: The Evolution of an Online Acquisitions System
        date: 1981-06-01
       words: 1211
      flesch: 66
     summary: The first change made to the PEAS program was to rename it CLAS-the Computerized Library Acquisitions Sys- tem . Some are minor, such as having the com- puter recognize initial articles in titles .
    keywords: clas; library
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5278.pdf
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        item: #5446 of 5668
          id: ital-5279
      author: Newhard, Robert
       title: The Significance of Information in the Ordinary Conduct of Life
        date: 1981-06-01
       words: 1953
      flesch: 63
     summary: Information, like knowledge, as observed by Francis Bacon, is power, and distributed information is distributed pow- er. Computer-supported telecommunica- tions systems can be the instrument for accelerating information control by a few (this has been much of the trend , so far , as indicated by corporate, research, and technical use of these systems), or it can be used to build information confidence, use, and desire throughout society.
    keywords: information; library; tools
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5279.pdf
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        item: #5447 of 5668
          id: ital-5280
      author: Bolton, W. Theodore
       title: A Lesson in Interactive Television Programming: The Home Book Club on QUBE
        date: 1981-06-01
       words: 4056
      flesch: 60
     summary: The Books-by-Mail program did send out some 760 paperback books as a result of the Horne Book Club (a 79 per- cent overall increase), and twenty-six new library cards (not a prerequisite) were issued to Horne Book Club viewers . Each QUBE console in a viewer's home has thirty channels to choose from and five response buttons to press when answering questions posed to home view- ers on QUBE programs .
    keywords: book; club; home; program; qube
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5280.pdf
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        item: #5448 of 5668
          id: ital-5281
      author: Covino, Joseph; Intner, Sheila
       title: An Informal Survey of the CTI Backup System
        date: 1981-06-01
       words: 1916
      flesch: 64
     summary: THE RESPONSES 1. Size of System : CTI systems are available in two sizes , 32K and 48K . Performance: All eleven respondents were enthusiastic about system per- formance.
    keywords: catalog; library; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5281.pdf
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        item: #5449 of 5668
          id: ital-5282
      author: Bierman, Kenneth J.
       title: Multimedia Catalog: COM and Online
        date: 1981-06-01
       words: 1966
      flesch: 63
     summary: User searches microform catalog by author and/or title. User searches microform catalog.
    keywords: catalog; user
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5282.pdf
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        item: #5450 of 5668
          id: ital-5283
      author: Hoffman, Herbert H.
       title: A Structure Code for Machine Readable Library Catalog Record Formats
        date: 1981-06-01
       words: 2260
      flesch: 67
     summary: document title B s B S, with individual . document title S, without indiv.
    keywords: document; item; structure
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5283.pdf
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        item: #5451 of 5668
          id: ital-5284
      author: Hudson, Judith
       title: Revisions to Contributed Cataloging in a Cooperative Cataloging Database
        date: 1981-06-01
       words: 2942
      flesch: 63
     summary: In order to test this assumption, a number of cataloging records were ana- lyzed in an effort to replicate the Kent State study. In the long run, however, the responsi- bility for inputting catalog records that meet the standards for cataloging and for- matting rests with the member libraries.
    keywords: cataloging; errors; records
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5284.pdf
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        item: #5452 of 5668
          id: ital-5285
      author: Aveny, Brian
       title: News and Announcements
        date: 1981-06-01
       words: 1513
      flesch: 41
     summary: Goals of the organization are to: • identify services and information that are best suited to remote electronic de- livery; • plan , fund, and develop working dem- onstrations of library REDI services ; • communicate the availability of elec- tronic library services to the user com- munity; · • inform the library profession of trends, specific events , and future directions of REDI; • create coalitions with organizations in allied fields ·of interest. Today, as the amount of materials in microform in ARL libraries continues to grow-ARL libraries hold more than 146,660,000 units of micro- form-improving access to these materials has taken on even greater urgency.
    keywords: electronic; information; libraries
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5285.pdf
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        item: #5453 of 5668
          id: ital-5286
      author: Pratt, Allan D.; Miller, Robert; Knapp, John F.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1981-06-01
       words: 3697
      flesch: 64
     summary: Although the original intention was to develop rules appropriate for the arrange- ment of entries by computer, those at the Library of Congress and the ALA commit- tee working on the problem soon realized that, from the point of view of catalog users, it would be very undesirable to have different sets of filing rules in opera- tion depending on the physical medium of the catalog. The impetus for this work came from recognition that computer tech- nology would soon be enlisted to perform the arrangement of entries for the produc- tion of catalogs, and that filing rules cur- rent at the time would be impossible to implement in their entirety on the com- puter.
    keywords: computer; filing; information; library; rules; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5286.pdf
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        item: #5454 of 5668
          id: ital-5287
      author: Aveny, Brian
       title: Highlights of LITA Board Meetings
        date: 1981-06-01
       words: 6486
      flesch: 66
     summary: A motion was made by Juergens, seconded by Helen Cyr, and passed: That LITA will not pay honoraria to LITA Board members or LITA mem- bers of program committees for participation in institute programs . The highlights of LITA board meetings are published here to inform division members of the activities of their board .
    keywords: ala; board; committee; discussion; lita; members; y y
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5287.pdf
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        item: #5455 of 5668
          id: ital-5288
      author: Dwyer, James R.
       title: Guest Editorial: Who Rules the Rules?
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 1381
      flesch: 59
     summary: Major questions still to be resolved include not only the compatible- name quandary, but the treatment of serials, microform reproductions, establishment of corporate names and determination of when works ema- nate from corporate bodies, and the romanization of Slavic names. That LC is correctly follow- ing the spirit of the general principle for personal names is little comfort to research libraries with large Slavic collections.
    keywords: rules
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5288.pdf
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        item: #5456 of 5668
          id: ital-5289
      author: Brindley, Lynne
       title: The British Library's Approach to AACR2
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 4325
      flesch: 59
     summary: The first stage of the conversion process for U.K. MARC records (1950-80) involved all records being processed against the Name Conver- sion File to replace AACRl with AACR2 headings and associated refer- ences. This was a vast and sophisticated conversion exercise and will result in U.K. MARC files probably more uniform in structure than they have ever been.
    keywords: conversion; library; marc; records; u.k
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5289.pdf
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        item: #5457 of 5668
          id: ital-5290
      author: Brown, Georgia L.
       title: AACR2: OCLC's Implementation and Database
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 5287
      flesch: 62
     summary: Bibliographic field matches non-AACR2 authority field; AACR2 form present in authority record. Bibliographic field matches non-AACR2 authority field; AACR2 form not present in authority record .
    keywords: aacr2; authority; bibliographic; conversion; records
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5290.pdf
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        item: #5458 of 5668
          id: ital-5291
      author: Wajenberg, Arnold; Gorman, Michael
       title: OCLC's Database Conversion: A User's Perspective
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 7966
      flesch: 72
     summary: (New author's full name, Ann Elizabeth Smith, is available) LC heading: for new author: Smith, Elizabeth (Ann Elizabeth) Use LC forms if found in name authority file. Catalogue Maintenance will correct conflicts created by personal name headings that vary in fullness to the form to which a see reference has been made.
    keywords: aacr2; authority; form; headings; oclc; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5291.pdf
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        item: #5459 of 5668
          id: ital-5292
      author: Martin, James R.
       title: Automation and the Service Attitudes of ARL Circulation Managers
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 2841
      flesch: 56
     summary: SATISFACTION WITH CIRCULATION SYSTEM As a group, ARL circulation managers are not satisfied with their systems, as table 1 shows. Nineteen percent of the total were manual McBee systems and 15 percent were LIBS100 online systems.
    keywords: circulation; managers; percent
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5292.pdf
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        item: #5460 of 5668
          id: ital-5293
      author: McCallum, Sally H.; Godwin, James L.
       title: Statistics on Headings in the MARC File
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 4058
      flesch: 61
     summary: NAME HEADINGS Table 2 presents the number of occur- rences of name headings in the MARC bib- liographic files and the number of distinct name headings, both by type of heading and by year. September 1981 ject headings show the same tendency as name headings in that the percentages of headings that appear on new records but which had been previously used rises as the stock of headings increases and then levels off.
    keywords: file; headings; percent; records
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5293.pdf
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        item: #5461 of 5668
          id: ital-5294
      author: Jones, Douglas
       title: RLIN and OCLC as Reference Tools
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 1306
      flesch: 56
     summary: Given that RLIN and OCLC have databases and software geared to known-item searches for catalog card pro- duction, our evaluation attempts to docu- ment their usefulness in reference service. If separate authority records are a system requirement, the occurrence figures might then be useful for defining configurations that employ machine-generated provisional records for single-occurrence headings that do not have reference structures or that simplify in other ways the treatment of these headings.
    keywords: reference; rlin
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5294.pdf
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        item: #5462 of 5668
          id: ital-5295
      author: Brown, Thomas P.; DeBuse, Raymond
       title: Replicating the Washington Library Network Computer System Software
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 2675
      flesch: 59
     summary: WLN libraries should see Illinois records on a regular basis by late summer of 1981. Even though user demands heavily bur- dened the traditional manual systems, the extent of library automation at Clemson had been limited to a batch circulation sys- tem, a simple serials-listing capability, and the use of bibliographic utilities.
    keywords: automation; library; system; wln
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5295.pdf
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        item: #5463 of 5668
          id: ital-5296
      author: Meyer, Richard W.; Reuland, Beth Ann; Diaz, Francisco M.; Colburn, Frances
       title: A General Planning Methodology for Automation
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 3138
      flesch: 48
     summary: By focusing on the problems of serials control, the team evaluated a microcosm of library problems. Even though user demands heavily bur- dened the traditional manual systems, the extent of library automation at Clemson had been limited to a batch circulation sys- tem, a simple serials-listing capability, and the use of bibliographic utilities.
    keywords: automation; library; study; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5296.pdf
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        item: #5464 of 5668
          id: ital-5297
      author: Library of Congress, Network Development Office
       title: Inclusion of Nonroman Character Sets
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 3549
      flesch: 77
     summary: Any questions on the description of the inclusion of nonroman character sets in the MARC communications format should be addressed to: Library of Congress, Process- ing Services, Attention: Mrs. Margaret Pat- terson, Washington , DC 20540. The first letter would not appear just before the end of field character and proceed backwards to the beginning of the field.
    keywords: character; escape; p p
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5297.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-5297.txt

        item: #5465 of 5668
          id: ital-5298
      author: Woods, Lawrence A.
       title: Checklist for Cassette Recorders Connected to CRTs
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 1610
      flesch: 65
     summary: OCLC data has been successfully transferred to several local online catalogs, including Eugene Public Library's circulation and online catalog system, ULISYS. RLG!RLIN RLIN anticipates being able to offer pub- lic access to their database. RLIN data has been successfully transferred to several local circulation systems.
    keywords: data; local; public
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5298.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-5298.txt

        item: #5466 of 5668
          id: ital-5299
      author: University of, Oregon
       title: A Comparison of OCLC, RLG/RLIN, and WLN
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 9587
      flesch: 55
     summary: WLN data has been suc- cessfully transferred to local circulation sys- tems and an agreement has been reached with DATAPHASE, a computerized circu- lation system vendor, to discount purchase of their system by WLN member libraries. INTRODUCTION An online bibliographic utility provides computer services to member libraries who, in turn, contribute computer-readable rec- ords to a common database.
    keywords: cataloging; database; information; libraries; library; oclc; online; records; system; wln
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5299.pdf
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        item: #5467 of 5668
          id: ital-5300
      author: Malinconico, S. Michael
       title: LITA Award, 1980: Maurice J. Freedman
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 1108
      flesch: 55
     summary: Mitch, like the philosopher and satirist whose images grace the walls of his office, is an iconoclast who insists on more than the endorsement of reigning authority before he will embrace an idea; and he will work tirelessly to change the prevailing wisdom if he finds that it serves to frustrate rather than aid the delivery of the kind and quality of library service to which he feels the patrons of libraries are entitled. His contribution comes from the depth of sensitivity and understanding he brought to the application of technology to library service.
    keywords: library; mitch
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5300.pdf
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        item: #5468 of 5668
          id: ital-5301
      author: Crawford, Walt
       title: News and Announcements
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 1592
      flesch: 60
     summary: Cataloging records loaded from OCLC MARC records by tape and from a microcomputer interface at the OCLC printer port. Forty-one percent of the CHANNEL 2000 test group felt that their knowledge of library services increased as a result of the CHANNEL 2000 test.
    keywords: channel; library; use
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5301.pdf
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        item: #5469 of 5668
          id: ital-5302
      author: Aveny, Brian; Hagyard, Alan E.; Lengyel, Suzanna; Watson, Peter; Gray, Carolyn M.; Slade, Rod; Ackerman, Mark S.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1981-09-01
       words: 5249
      flesch: 64
     summary: View- data systems, on the other hand, are quite like online information systems except for their use of a television as a display device, their simplicity, and their broader range of transactions and information. A paper by Simon notes that cable will not only provide large audiences for information services but will also eliminate some of the traditionally defined viewdata functions.
    keywords: book; database; information; library; online; search; systems
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5302.pdf
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        item: #5470 of 5668
          id: ital-5303
      author: Aveny, Brian
       title: Editor's Notes
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 372
      flesch: 61
     summary: The first issue appeared in March 1968, just shortly after this editor had graduated from library school. Under the editorships of Fre- derick G. Kilgour and Susan K. Martin, ]OLA established itself as a major source of information about developments in library automation.
    keywords: issue
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5303.pdf
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        item: #5471 of 5668
          id: ital-5304
      author: Line, Maurice B.
       title: Libraries and Information Services in a Post-Technological Society
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 7939
      flesch: 58
     summary: If there is a single main message in this paper, it is that a technological vision alone is hopelessly incomplete, that librar- ians and information people must at all costs avoid the planning disasters that narrow-thinking, well-meaning experts have scattered so liberally around us, and that they can take a positive lead not only in developing libraries and information services for the future society but in helping to shape that society. A move from big cities to townships and other smaller communities, and the independence of distance provided by information technology, should lead to much greater local and regional self-sufficiency.
    keywords: information; libraries; need; people; society; technology; work
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5304.pdf
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        item: #5472 of 5668
          id: ital-5305
      author: Dillon, Martin; Knight, Rebecca C.; Lospinuso, Margaret F.; Ulmschneider, John
       title: The Use of Automatic Indexing for Authority Control
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 3846
      flesch: 64
     summary: The stop-word list elim- inates all unwanted words in the list of variant name forms. An interesting possibility is to use such match criteria to discover variant author name forms in creating the authority file, since many variant forms result only from misspellings, title attributions, and so on.
    keywords: authority; automatic; control; file; term
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5305.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-5305.txt

        item: #5473 of 5668
          id: ital-5306
      author: Freedman, Maurice J.
       title: Circulation Systems Past and Present
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 3790
      flesch: 62
     summary: A review of the development of circulation systems shows two areas of change. An examination of the history of circulation systems and their evolution to the present state reveals the change in outlook from a narrow view of the circulation function to a broader view.
    keywords: book; circulation; library; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5306.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-5306.txt

        item: #5474 of 5668
          id: ital-5307
      author: Gapen, D. Kaye
       title: MARC Format Simplification
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 4517
      flesch: 53
     summary: The origi- nal paper was commissioned in June 1981, by the ARL Task Force on Bibliographic Control as one facet in exploring the per- ceived high costs of cataloging and adher- ing to MARC formats in ARL libraries. The general thrust of that review is a close examination of the MARC format in an attempt to begin to lay the foundation on which revised MARC formats can firmly stand- particularly in regard to content designa- tion (tags, indicators, and subfield codes used to identify and characterize the data explicitly).
    keywords: format; library; marc; marc format; operations
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5307.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-5307.txt

        item: #5475 of 5668
          id: ital-5308
      author: Crowley, Terence
       title: Comparing Fiche and Film: A Test of Speed
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 2281
      flesch: 67
     summary: Because of the relatively small numbers of subjects and observations •The author, an experienced fiche user, was timed at 11.6 minutes; this was the fastest time recorded by either fiche or film users. Primary disadvantages cited are hardware malfunctions, increased need for patron instruction, user resistance (par-
    keywords: fiche; film; library; users
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5308.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-5308.txt

        item: #5476 of 5668
          id: ital-5309
      author: Long, James K.
       title: Electronic Order Transmission
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 2065
      flesch: 66
     summary: Standard formats need to be accepted and enforced for order transmission. Acquisition orders must be collected from multiple libraries at a central site to generate volume for dispersal to multiple sites.
    keywords: book; format; library; order
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5309.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-5309.txt

        item: #5477 of 5668
          id: ital-5310
      author: Intner, Sheila
       title: Microcomputer Backup to Online Circulation
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 2113
      flesch: 64
     summary: Some of this is attributable to our relatively full storage, requiring us to perform house- keeping routines frequently, but the rest is a result of system failure. This appears to be slower than aver- age and may well be due to the extremely high level of system activity.
    keywords: computer; system; terminal
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5310.pdf
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        item: #5478 of 5668
          id: ital-5311
      author: Paul, Sandra K.
       title: Computer-to-Computer Communication in the Acquisition Process
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 3328
      flesch: 63
     summary: Today more than seventy publishers are equipped to receive computer tape orders and input them di- rectly to their order fulfillment systems; twenty-six publishers can produce com- puter invoices and credits for their cus- tomers; six are capable of sending monthly updating information about titles, prices, publication dates, and books declared out of print. Random House analyzed returns for wrong title or wrong edition one year after they began receiving tape orders from Dalton, Baker & Taylor, and Brodart.
    keywords: bisac; committee; computer; format; order
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5311.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-5311.txt

        item: #5479 of 5668
          id: ital-5312
      author: Satellite Consortium, Public Service
       title: Cable Library Survey Results
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 5768
      flesch: 58
     summary: FINAL WORD As a result of this survey, PSSC has pro- filed cable libraries of all technical capabili- ties for input into a database of network resources. To answer these questions, PSSC mailed questionnaires to 101 libraries that had been identified as potential cable libraries.
    keywords: cable; libraries; library; network; program; satellite; survey; system
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5312.pdf
  plain text: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/txt/ital-5312.txt

        item: #5480 of 5668
          id: ital-5313
      author: Aveny, Brian
       title: News and Announcements
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 2485
      flesch: 48
     summary: Colorado Boulder Public Library, Boulder Connecticut Thomaston Public Library, Thomaston Florida Tarpon Springs Public Library, Tarpon Springs Georgia Tri-County Regional Library, Rome Idaho Pocatello Public Library, Pocatello Illinois Pekin Public Library, Pekin Rockford Public Library, Rockford Indiana Fort Wayne Public Library, Fort Wayne Monroe County Public Library, Bloomington Iowa Kirkwood Community College Telecommunications Center, Cedar Rapids Iowa City Public Library, Iowa City Kansas Abilene Public Library, Abilene Newton Public Library, Newton Kentu cky Lexington Public Library, Lexington Louisville Public Library, Louisville Camden-Carroll Library, Morehead State University , Morehead Massachusetts Greenfield Community College Library, Greenfield South Hadley Library System, South Hadley Minn esota Anoka County Library, Fridley Cloquet Public Library, Cloquet Crow River Regional Library, Willmar International Falls Public Library, International Falls Minnesota Valley Regional Library, Mankato Marshall-Lyon County Library System, Marshall Western Plains Library System, Montevideo Rochester Public Library , Rochester St. Cloud Public Library, St. Cloud Missouri St. Charles City County Library, St. Peters New j ersey Burlington County College Library , Pemberton New York Albany Public Library, Albany Amherst Public Library , Willia msville Bethlehem Public Library, Delmar Chautauqua-Cattaraugus Library System, Jamestown Gates Public Library, Rochester Mid-York Library System, Utica Ridge Road Elementary School Library, Horseheads North Carolina Davidson County Community College Library, Lexington Ohio Greene County District Library, Xenia Public Library of Columbus and Franklin County, Columbus News and Announcements 315 University of Toledo Library, Toledo Pennsylvania Altoona Area Public Library, Altoona Lancaster County Library, Lancaster Monroeville Public Library , Monroeville Tennessee Memphis/Shelby County Public Library & Information Center, Memphis Utah Merrill Library and Learning Resources Program , Utah State University, Logan Weber County Library, Ogden Virginia Arlington County Department of Libraries, Arlington Washington Edmonds Community College Library, Lynnwood Lynnwood Public Library, Lynnwood Mountlake Terrace Public Library, Mountlake Terrace Seattle Public Library, Seattle Wisconsin Middleton Public Library, Middleton Nicolet College Learning Resource Center, Rhinelander Who's Who
    keywords: electronic; information; libraries; library; public
       cache: /shared/reader-library/crl-ital/cache/ital-5313.pdf
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        item: #5481 of 5668
          id: ital-5314
      author: Thompson, Donald; Lau, Frances
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 1643
      flesch: 58
     summary: The main text walks the reader through each element of a contract (e.g., terms of agree- ment, specification of governing law, schedule, acceptance testing, etc.), pro- vides sample contract language and adds comments and recommendations for how to cope with specific problems (e. g., negoti- ation of system reliability standards, p. 3-4). For example, Injosystems was formerly called Management and Business Automation and later changed to Business Automation with the merging of International Business Auto- mation and International Edition Business Automation.
    keywords: book; computer; contract
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        item: #5482 of 5668
          id: ital-5315
      author: Aveny, Brian
       title: Highlights of LITA Board Meetings
        date: 1981-01-01
       words: 2156
      flesch: 70
     summary: Dis- cussion included the mechanics of keeping the membership informed of proposed standards being considered, the large amount of time required of the representa- Highlights of Meetings 323 tive to monitor, study, and disseminate the proposed standards, and the costs involved for LIT A to support a representative. Marilyn Rehnberg, chairperson of VCCS, reported a request from National Audio-Visual Association asking LIT A to put on a Video Showcase for the seminar part of the NAVA Annual Conference in Anaheim in January.
    keywords: board; committee; y y
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        item: #5483 of 5668
          id: ital-5341
      author: Lamothe, Alain R.
       title: The Importance of Identifying and Accommodating E-Resource Usage Data for the Presence of Outliers. The Negative Impacts of Inaccurate E-Journal Usage Data.
        date: 2014-06-22
       words: 5770
      flesch: 53
     summary: Suspected usage outliers from an e-journal need to be compared to other usage values of that particular title because each e-journal tends to be used differently. In fact, this practice has been enforced for the past several years and has saved the library a considerable sum of money.24 For this reason, it is extremely important not to assume the accuracy of usage values without carefully examining the data.
    keywords: articles; data; journal; outliers; usage; values
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        item: #5484 of 5668
          id: ital-5365
      author: Trainor, Cindi
       title: President's Message
        date: 2013-12-22
       words: 624
      flesch: 60
     summary: • Education & Sharing of Expertise: Offer education, publications, and events to inspire and enable members to improve technology integration within their libraries. Our one-hour meeting will be spent asking and answering questions of those who typically submit written reports for Board meetings: the Vice-President, the President, and the Executive Director.
    keywords: midwinter
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        item: #5485 of 5668
          id: ital-5367
      author: Gerrity, Robert
       title: Editor's Comments
        date: 2013-12-22
       words: 343
      flesch: 31
     summary: Microsoft Word - ital_december_gerrity_final.docx   Editor’s Comments Bob Gerrity     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGIES  AND  LIBRARIES  |  SEPTEMBER  2013   3     This  Month’s  Issue   We  have  an  eclectic  mix  of  content  in  this  issue  of  Information  Technology  and  Libraries.   The  advent  of  Massive  Open  Online  Courses   (MOOCs)  would  seem  to  present  an  ideal  framework  for  the  development  of  immersive  library   services  to  support  learners  who  may  otherwise  lack  access  to  quality  library  resources  and   services.  
    keywords: library
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        item: #5486 of 5668
          id: ital-5377
      author: Thornburg, Gail
       title: A Candid Look at Collected Works: Challenges of Clustering Aggregates in GLIMIR and FRBR
        date: 2014-08-25
       words: 5046
      flesch: 57
     summary: AND LIBRARIES | SEPTEMBER 2014 53 ABSTRACT Creating descriptions of collected works in ways consistent with clear and precise retrieval has long challenged information professionals. This paper describes problems of creating record clusters for collected works and distinguishing them from single works: design pitfalls, successes, failures, and future research.
    keywords: bibliographic; collected; frbr; glimir; records; work
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        item: #5487 of 5668
          id: ital-5378
      author: Bennett, Rick; O'Neill, Edward T.; Kammerer, Kerre
       title: assignFAST: An Autosuggest based tool for FAST Subject Assignment
        date: 2014-03-25
       words: 2705
      flesch: 50
     summary: The version used for this example shows: See Heading USE Authorized Heading when a See heading is returned, or simply the Authorized Heading otherwise. USE Feature films Motion pictures Motorcars (Automobiles) USE Automobiles Motion picture music Background music for motion pictures USE Motion picture music Motion pictures for the hearing impaired USE Films for the hearing impaired Documentaries, Motion picture USE Documentary films Mother of God USE Mary, Blessed Virgin, Saint The headings in assignFAST are ranked by how often they are used in WorldCat, so headings that are more common appear at the top.
    keywords: assignfast; heading; interface; subject; web
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        item: #5488 of 5668
          id: ital-5403
      author: Dehmlow, Mark
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: A Considerable Technology Asset that Has Little to Do with Technology.
        date: 2014-03-25
       words: 893
      flesch: 44
     summary: My primary reasoning for this is that technology is (1) fairly opaque to people outside of technology areas and (2) technology is driving so much of the rapid change we are experiencing in libraries. In many ways, our reputation as a committed service profession will be affected by out tech staffs’ ability to interact well with end users, and ultimately, I believe the proportion of our tech staff that have a high EQ could be one the strongest predictor s of the long-term success for technology teams in libraries.
    keywords: people; technology
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        item: #5489 of 5668
          id: ital-5404
      author: Cyzyk, Mark
       title: Review of EPUB 3: Best Practices
        date: 2014-03-25
       words: 801
      flesch: 65
     summary: To be fair, code examples of all of this is up on the accompanying Website, and I am using these examples as I learn to code EPUB 3 for my own project. So if different versions of the same spec are so different, with no guarantee that a future reading system will be able to read documents adhering to a previous version, then the prospect of reading EPUB documents into the future is pretty sketchy.
    keywords: book
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        item: #5490 of 5668
          id: ital-5480
      author: Ward, David; Hahn, James; Mestre, Lori
       title: Adventure Code Camp: Library Mobile Design in the Backcountry
        date: 2014-09-25
       words: 3582
      flesch: 47
     summary: This case study reviews process, outcomes, and next steps in mobile web app coding camps. Coding camps offer a chance for librarians to get direct student feedback on their own software development goals.
    keywords: camp; coding; library; mobile; student
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        item: #5491 of 5668
          id: ital-5485
      author: Williams, Leslie A.; Fox, Lynne M; Roeder, Christophe; Hunter, Lawrence
       title: Negotiating a Text Mining License for Faculty Researchers
        date: 2014-09-25
       words: 7038
      flesch: 33
     summary: After  their  experience  with  developing  a  framework  to  license  and  purchase  a  large  corpora  of   journal  articles  in  XML  format  to  be  text  mined,  Fox  and  Williams  came  to  believe  that,  in  addition   to  providing  copyright  expertise,  librarians  should  assist  in  reducing  transaction  costs  by   developing  model  license  clauses  for  text  mining  and  routinely  negotiating  for  these  rights  when   the  library  purchases  journals  and  other  types  of  content.   For  these  reasons  the  body  of  text  that  is  most  often  used  by  researchers   for  text  mining  is  PubMed.”3  The  resulting  visualization  allowed  researchers  to  identify  four  genes   involved  in  mouse  craniofacial  development  that  had  not  previously  been  connected  to  tongue   development,  with  the  resulting  hypotheses  validated  by  subsequent  laboratory  experiment.4  The   knowledge-­‐based  analysis  tool  is  open  access.    
    keywords: content; hunter; mining; research; text
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        item: #5492 of 5668
          id: ital-5495
      author: Fortier, Alexandre; Burkell, Jacquelyn
       title: Hidden Online Surveillance: What Librarians Should Know to Protect Their Own Privacy and That of Their Patrons
        date: 2015-09-21
       words: 5950
      flesch: 35
     summary: The   2013  US  Consumer  Data  Privacy  Study  (TRUSTe  2013),  for  example,  reveals  that  80  percent  of   users  are  aware  of  online  behavioral  tracking  on  their  desktop  devices,  while  slightly  under  70   percent  are  aware  of  tracking  on  mobile  devices  (see  also  Office  of  the  Privacy  Commissioner  of   Canada  2013).   4 For instance, the new Self-Regulatory Guidelines for Online Behavioral Advertising identify the need to provide notice to users when behavioral data is collected that allows the tracking of users across websites and over time (United States Federal Trade Commission, 2009).
    keywords: cookies; information; online; privacy; tracking
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        item: #5493 of 5668
          id: ital-5576
      author: Cyzyk, Mark
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: The Checklist
        date: 2014-06-22
       words: 1303
      flesch: 57
     summary: Viewing software packages as types of genres is useful insofar as, when it comes time to assemble requirements for a new project or ser vice, thinking of existing software systems as concrete instantiations of such requirements speeds the accomplishment of this task. These systems individually represent concrete instantiations of clusters of similar requirements.
    keywords: management; software; systems
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        item: #5494 of 5668
          id: ital-5578
      author: Avram, Henriette D.; Maruyama, Lenore S.
       title: Recon Pilot Project: A Progress Report, April-September 1970
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 6556
      flesch: 55
     summary: In comparing production rates in the two systems, time needed to proof format recognition records must be compared against time needed to edit and proof in the current system. This technique should eliminate substantial portions of the manual editing process and, if successful, should represent a con- siderable savings in the cost of creating machine readable records.
    keywords: data; format; library; machine; recognition; recon; records
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        item: #5495 of 5668
          id: ital-5579
      author: Weber, David C.
       title: Personnel Aspects of Library Automation
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 4700
      flesch: 52
     summary: A project manager also needs to take great care that research does not become an end in itself, a particular tendency of graduate students doing system development. However, in a system where absolute exactitude is demanded and where costs of system development are high, methodical recording of principles and procedures is obviously necessary.
    keywords: automation; design; library; project; stanford; system
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        item: #5496 of 5668
          id: ital-5580
      author: Miller, Ellen Wasby; Hodges, B. J.
       title: Shawnee Mission's On-Line Cataloging System
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 5461
      flesch: 63
     summary: Using IBM's FASTER software framework freed programmers from tedious 1/0 control; instead, they devoted their efforts to writing instructions for adding to, updating, and deleting from library disk files. These transactions are a simple, understandable, and powerful method of maintaining library files.
    keywords: cataloging; data; faster; library; line; system; title
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        item: #5497 of 5668
          id: ital-5581
      author: Kennedy, John P.
       title: File Size and the Cost of Processing MARC Records
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 4845
      flesch: 65
     summary: Data Processing Librarian, Georgia Institute of Tech- nology, Atlanta, Georgia Many systems being developed for utilizing MARC records in acquisitions and cataloging operations depend on the selection of records from a cum- ulative tape file. The report on the Yale bibliographic system shows that the introduction of MARC rec- ords into a system that was not designed for processing MARC records may produce substantially higher costs.
    keywords: cost; file; marc; marc file; records
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        item: #5498 of 5668
          id: ital-5582
      author: Hammer, Donald P.; Branscomb, Lewis C.; Livingston, Lawrence G.; Palmer, Foster M.; Brown, Sue; Dodson, James T.; Hopkins, Judith; Hogan, Alan D.; Kilgour, Frederick G.; Weitemeyer, Mogens
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1971-03-01
       words: 4070
      flesch: 56
     summary: The person wishing to learn all about the use of computers in the public service, especially in library systems, will do well to look beyond this meagre list of citations. It seemed useful to approach this review from the point of view of a designer of automated library systems, to see how well this bibliography covered the use of computers in that sector of the public service.
    keywords: automation; book; information; libraries; library; marc
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        item: #5499 of 5668
          id: ital-5583
      author: Grant, Robert S.
       title: Predicting the Need for Multiple Copies of Books
        date: 1971-06-01
       words: 2738
      flesch: 70
     summary: CONCLUSIONS A close examination of the 570 titles apparently in need of duplication reveals that, with very few exceptions, students are apparently checking out only books that are curriculum oriented in the most narrow sense, i,e., books which they need to use in writing term papers. An article by William L. Leffler ( 1) suggested a system of adapting industrial inventory techniques to the problem of identifying books to be duplicated that would be compatible with the Library's computer based circulation system and also could be expected to be simpler and more thorough than the above method of buying multiple copies.
    keywords: book; copies; number
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        item: #5500 of 5668
          id: ital-5584
      author: Newman, William L.; Buchinski, Edwin J.
       title: Entry/Title Compression Code Access to Machine Readable Bibliographic Files
        date: 1971-06-01
       words: 3977
      flesch: 68
     summary: This problem may be solved through the use of compression codes generated from author /title, or other bibliographic information. Studies Entry/Title Compression Code/NEWMAN and BUCHINSKI 73 of compression codes and their performance have been reported by Rueck- ing ( 1), Kilgour ( 2), and the University of Chicago ( 3).
    keywords: code; compression; entry; marc; title; type
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        item: #5501 of 5668
          id: ital-5585
      author: Rao, Paladugu V.; Szerenyi, B. Joseph
       title: Booth Library On-Line Circulation System (BLOC)
        date: 1971-06-01
       words: 6918
      flesch: 62
     summary: Creation of book cards (those used in circulation transactions) from the master cards is explained in file updating procedure. 3) When the Booth Library MARC implementation project is completed, most book cards can be generated directly from the MARC tapes.
    keywords: book; card; circulation; file; library; number; system
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        item: #5502 of 5668
          id: ital-5586
      author: Sumarokov, Leonid N.
       title: On the Recursive Definition of a Format for Communication
        date: 1971-06-01
       words: 945
      flesch: 47
     summary: Thus, the problem of a format for communica- tion reflects the existing tendency toward ensuring compatibility among formats. It has a different purpose, viz., to point out wider perspectives that will unfold by applying the recursive presentation of notations in formats at the expense of an object with any hierarchical depth.
    keywords: format; notation
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        item: #5503 of 5668
          id: ital-5587
      author: Kilgour, Frederick G.; Ryder, Valerie J.; Polacsek, Richard A.; Hopkins, Judith; Furth, Stephen E.; Clapp, Verner W.; Reed, Mary Jane; Kilgour, Eleanor M.; Voos, Henry; Rumics, Elizabeth
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1971-06-01
       words: 4406
      flesch: 57
     summary: The chapter on libraries deals primarily with Project INTREX and thus fails to give an overview of developments in library systems which are operational. The most serious drawback of this book in regard to library automation is its obvious slant toward business applications.
    keywords: automation; book; interlibrary; libraries; library; loan; manual
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        item: #5504 of 5668
          id: ital-5588
      author: Avram, Henriette D.; Maruyama, Lenore S.
       title: The Recon Pilot Project: A Progress Report, October 1970-May 1971
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 4413
      flesch: 60
     summary: It is recognized that the distribution of cards and MARC records requires the same computer based bibliographic files and has similar hardware and software requirements. Since cards in the LC record set do not necessarily reflect the latest changes made to the cards in the LC Official Catalog, the Official Catalog comparison is necessary to ensure that RECON records are as up-to-date as the cards in the Official Catalog.
    keywords: format; language; library; recon; records
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        item: #5505 of 5668
          id: ital-5589
      author: Chauveinc, Marc
       title: MONOCLE
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 6377
      flesch: 70
     summary: This goal led to the consideration of the major problems of filing records and building an internal format to allow easy programming of correct filing , even if this correct filing is rather complicated for the computer. Most centers using MARC II records have designed their own processing formats and file structures from which, if the center is to participate in a network, it must be possible to regenerate records in a communications format.
    keywords: filing; format; library; marc; monocle; title
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        item: #5506 of 5668
          id: ital-5590
      author: Koenig, Michael E. D.; Finlay, Alexander C.; Cushman, Joann G.; Detmer, James M.
       title: SCOPE: A Cost Analysis of an Automated Serials Record System
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 4607
      flesch: 60
     summary: METHOD The method of cost analysis used was the net present value method. The bulk of material that has been written regarding costs and cost analysis has concentrated upon costs per unit of productivity of a functioning sys- tem, or upon comparison of such costs among various systems ( 4,5,6) .
    keywords: analysis; cost; file; library; scope; system
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        item: #5507 of 5668
          id: ital-5591
      author: Mauerhoff, Georg R.; Smith, Richard G.
       title: A MARC II-Based Program for Retrieval and Dissemination
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 6299
      flesch: 66
     summary: Additional projects reporting on the subject approach to MARC tapes in a batch environment are not numerous. In Sweden, Bjorn Tell ( 17) has run a MARC II test tape in his integrated information retrieval system called ABACUS, while in Edmonton, Canada, Doreen Heaps ( 18) reports on author and title searches of MARC tapes in a Chemical Titles format.
    keywords: information; library; marc; profile; program; search; seldom; tape
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        item: #5508 of 5668
          id: ital-5592
      author: Mathis, Robert F.; Hopkins, Judith; Line, Maurice B.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1971-09-01
       words: 1406
      flesch: 67
     summary: One innovation introduced in this format that can only be applauded by MARC users is the adoption of the BNB practice of using the second indicator of title fields (241, 245, 440, 840, but not 740 where the second indicator had previously been assigned a different function) to specify the number of characters at the beginning of the entry which are to be ignored in filing. 4/3 September, 1971 A. J. Wells opened the Conference with a paper introducing U.K. MARC and closed it with a paper stating its relationship to the British National Bibliography.
    keywords: book; marc
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        item: #5509 of 5668
          id: ital-5593
      author: Malley, Patricia Munson
       title: Development of a Technical Library to Support Computer Systems Evaluation
        date: 1971-12-01
       words: 3717
      flesch: 54
     summary: That is, a manual is listed by computer system, within the manufacturer, within the subject code. The user is aided in his searches by the following three types of listings of holdings: 1) Listing by manufacturer (Figure 1 ): major sort field, manufacturer; intermediate sort field , computer system nomenclature; intermediate sort field, subject code (tab); and minor sort field, publication number.
    keywords: computer; information; library; system
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        item: #5510 of 5668
          id: ital-5594
      author: Palmer, Foster M.
       title: Automatic Processing of Personal Names for Filing
        date: 1971-12-01
       words: 5632
      flesch: 63
     summary: Furthermore, very specifically, it deals with prefix names. The other problem is more refractory and is exemplified by titles beginning with prefix names, for example De Gaulle, De Soto, and Van Gogh.
    keywords: filing; library; list; names; prefix; processing
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        item: #5511 of 5668
          id: ital-5595
      author: Schieber, William D.; Thomas, George W.
       title: An Algorithm for Compaction of Alphanumeric Data
        date: 1971-12-01
       words: 3512
      flesch: 69
     summary: Characters that are unallocated may be used to represent longer character strings. One approach to this type of extension is to take a particular type of character string, namely a word, and to encode certain words which appear frequently.
    keywords: character; compaction; data; encoding; string
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        item: #5512 of 5668
          id: ital-5596
      author: Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: Title-Only Entries Retrieved by Use of Truncated Search Keys
        date: 1971-12-01
       words: 1637
      flesch: 67
     summary: The keys from name-title entries consistently produce fewer maximum entries per reply. CONCLUSION This experiment has produced evidence that a series of truncated search keys derived from a first order Markov word string in a bibliographic description yields a higher number of maximum entries per reply than does a series derived from a zero order Markov string.
    keywords: entries; title
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        item: #5513 of 5668
          id: ital-5597
      author: Long, Philip L.; Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: Name-Title Entry Retrieval From a MARC File
        date: 1971-12-01
       words: 548
      flesch: 62
     summary: Initial articles were deleted in Yale titles, but only English articles in MARC titles because the language of foreign language titles is not identified in MARC. Possible influences that might have led to different results were the existence of errors in the Yale file, a significant proportion of foreign titles in the Yale file as compared to the nearly all-English MARC file, and the inability to mechanically delete the initial articles in the few foreign language MARC titles.
    keywords: file
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        item: #5514 of 5668
          id: ital-5598
      author: Nance, Richard E.; Wickham, W. Kenneth; Duggan, Maryann
       title: A Computer System for Effective Management of a Medical Library Network
        date: 1971-12-01
       words: 2427
      flesch: 50
     summary: 4) TRIPS is extremely sensitive to system integrity, providing diagnosis of input data, reporting of errors, magnetic tape backup of data files, and a system failsafe tape. Data entry in tum comprises 1) collecting statistics, 2) diagnosis and verifica- tion of input data and 3) backup of original verified input data.
    keywords: data; library; talon; trips
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        item: #5515 of 5668
          id: ital-5599
      author: Yovits, Marshall C.; Saracevic, Tefko; Veaner, Allen B.; Fasana, Paul J.; Miller, Ronald; Eaton, Andrew J.; Chaffe, Alberta L.; Kilgour, Frederick G.; Slamecka, V.; Vaillancourt, Pauline M.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1971-12-01
       words: 5409
      flesch: 52
     summary: In short, it is a collection of a large number of papers mostly from the last few years having to do in some way with information science or more properly, with information systems. Furthermore, the overall scope of the articles is generally quite limited and, although the editor implies it is not so, tends to equate information science to information systems.
    keywords: automation; book; entries; information; library; science; services; volume
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        item: #5516 of 5668
          id: ital-5600
      author: Promann, Marlen; Zhang, Tao
       title: Applying Hierarchical Task Analysis Method to Discovery Layer Evaluation
        date: 2015-03-30
       words: 11735
      flesch: 46
     summary: While  most   tasks  were  accomplished  successfully,  the  study  confirmed  previous  warnings  that  users  do  not   understand  the  complexities  of  search  and  identified  several  interface  issues:  (1)  users  desire   single  search,  but  willingly  use  multiple  options  for  search,  (2)  lack  of  visibility  for  the  option  to   sort  search  results,  and  (3)  the  difficulty  in  finding  journal  articles.[3]     Yang  and  Wagner  offer  one  case  where  the  aim  was  to  evaluate  discovery  layers  against  a  check-­‐ list  of  12  features  that  would  define  a  true  ‘next  generation  catalogue’:     (1)  Single  point  of  entry  to  all  library  information,     (2)  State-­‐of-­‐the-­‐art  web  interface  (e.g.  Google  and  Amazon),     (3)  Enriched  content  (e.g.  book  cover  images,  ratings  and  comments),     (4)  Faceted  navigation  for  search  results,     (5)  Simple  keyword  search  on  every  page,     (6)  More  precise  relevancy  (with  circulation  statistics  a  contributing  factor),     (7)  Automatic  spell  check,     (8)  Recommendations  to  related  materials  (common  in  commercial  sites,  e.g.  Amazon),     (9)  Allowing  users  to  add  data  to  records  (e.g.  reviews),       INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  MARCH  2015   81   (10)  RSS  feeds  to  allow  users  to  follow  top  circulating  books  or  topic  related  updates  in  the   library  catalogue,     (11)  Links  to  social  networking  sites  to  allow  users  to  share  their  resources,     (12)  Stable  URL’s  that  can  be  easily  copied,  pasted  and  shared.   Microsoft Word - March_ITAL_prommann_original_notes.docx Applying  Hierarchical  Task  Analysis   Method  to  Discovery  Layer  Evaluation       Merlen  Prommann   and  Tao  Zhang     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  MARCH  2015             77   ABSTRACT   While  usability  tests  have  been  helpful  in  evaluating  the  success  or  failure  of  implementing  discovery   layers  in  the  library  context,  the  focus  of  usability  tests  has  remained  on  the  search  interface  rather   than  the  discovery  process  for  users. 
    keywords: case; discovery; library; results; search; task; users
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        item: #5517 of 5668
          id: ital-5607
      author: Stuart, Kenyon; Varnum, Ken; Ahronheim, Judith
       title: Measuring Journal Linking Success from a Discovery Service
        date: 2015-03-30
       words: 8663
      flesch: 55
     summary: 2. links  in  the  360  Link  menu  that  were  not  used  for  1-­‐Click  when  360  Link  attempted  to  link   to  full  text  using  1-­‐Click   3. links  in  the  360  Link  menu  where  clicking  the  link  in  Summon  led  directly  to  the  360  Link   menu  instead  of  using  1-­‐Click             MEASURING  JOURNAL  LINKING  SUCCESS  FROM  A  DISCOVERY  SERVICE  |  STUART,  VARNUM,  AND   AHRONHEIM   69     Sample  1   Nov.  2012   n  =  167   Sample  2   Dec.  2012   n  =  158   Sample  3   Jan.  2013   n  =  184   Sample  4   Jan.  2013   n  =  172   Full  Text/Page  with  full-­‐text  link   81   48.5%   84   53.2%   103   56.0%   87   50.6%   Abstract/Citation  Only   0   0.0%   0   0.0%   1   0.5%   0   0.0%   Unable  to  access  full  text  through  available   full-­‐text  link   0   0.0%   1   0.6%   0   0.0%   1   0.6%   Error  but  full  text  available   9   5.4%   14   8.9%   17   9.2%   23   13.4%   Error  and  full  text  not  accessible  through   full-­‐text  link  on  target   1   0.6%   0   0.0%   0   0.0%   0   0.0%   Error  and  no  full-­‐text  link  on  target   10   6.0%   1   0.6%   6   3.3%   5   2.9%   Failed  to  find  DOI  through  link  in  360  Link   menu   3   1.8%   5   3.2%   5   2.7%   8   4.7%   Main  journal  page   22   13.2%   24   15.2%   17   9.2%   15   8.7%   Other   2   1.2%   0   0.0%   1   0.5%   2   1.2%   360  Link  menu  with  no  full-­‐text  links   0   0.0%   2   1.3%   3   1.6%   3   1.7%   Results  list   9   5.4%   4   2.5%   10   5.4%   3   1.7%   Search  box   6   3.6%   7   4.4%   5   2.7%   8   4.7%   Table  of  Contents   12   7.2%   6   3.8%   10   5.4%   9   5.2%   Listing  of  volumes/issues   9   5.4%   9   5.7%   5   2.7%   6   3.5%   Wrong  article   3   1.8%   1   0.6%   1   0.5%   2   1.2%   Table  6.  Results  with  360  Link:  All  Links  Produced  by  360  Link   In  addition  to  recording  what  happened,  we  attempted  to  determine  why  links  failed  to  reach  full   text.   Since  links,   platforms,  contracts,  and  subscriptions  change  frequently,  this  can  be  a  time-­‐consuming  process.  
    keywords: link; linking; text
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        item: #5518 of 5668
          id: ital-5625
      author: Young, Scott Woodward Hazard; Rossmann, Doralyn
       title: Building Library Community Through Social Media
        date: 2015-03-30
       words: 5457
      flesch: 38
     summary: Hofer  notes  that  communities  formed  online  through  social  media  activity  can  generate  a  sense  of   “online  bonding  social  capital. ”53   This  paper  builds  on  existing  online  community  research  while  drawing  on  the  critical  theory  of   “digital  dualism”  to  argue  that  communities  built  through  social  media  do  not  reside  in  a  separate   “online”  space,  but  rather  are  one  element  of  a  much  more  significant  and  valuable  form  of  holistic   connectedness. 
    keywords: community; library; media; social
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        item: #5519 of 5668
          id: ital-5629
      author: Nelson, David; Turney, Linda
       title: What’s in a word? : Rethinking facet headings in a discovery service
        date: 2015-06-15
       words: 7260
      flesch: 39
     summary: The     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  JUNE  2015           80   challenge  that  libraries  face  is  the  need  to  make  sure  that  users  are  aware  of  their  presence  on  a   search  interface  rather  than  relying  exclusively  on  keywords  alone  and  solely  on  the   algorithmically  based  result.24  The  value  of  the  faceted/filtered  search  is  the  ability  to  lead  the   searcher  quickly  and  efficiently  to  the  desired  result,  a  result  that  will  too  often  elude  the  user   even  with  a  powerful  Google  search,  unless  that  user  gets  most  of  the  terms  exactly  right.   At  this  point,  it  is  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to   know  whether  facets  have  been  used  for  searches  and,  if  so,  which  facets  have  been  used. 
    keywords: discovery; facet; information; library; search
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        item: #5520 of 5668
          id: ital-5631
      author: Gonzales, Brighid M.
       title: Linking Libraries to the Web: Linked Data and the Future of the Bibliographic Record
        date: 2014-12-18
       words: 5644
      flesch: 35
     summary: Libraries  still  consider  themselves  the  province  of  quality,  reliable  information,  but  users  don’t   necessarily  go  to  libraries  when  searching  and  don’t  necessarily  have  the  Internet  acumen  to   distinguish  between  authoritative  information  and  questionable  resources.   “Libraries  no  longer  own  much  of  the  content  they  provide  to  users;   rather  it  is  subscribed  to  from  a  variety  of  vendors.  Not  only  does  that  mean  that  vendors  will  have   to  make  their  data  available  in  linked  data  formats  for  improvements  to  federated  search  to   happen,  but  a  mix  of  licensed  and  free  content  in  a  linked  data  environment  would  be  extremely     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  DECEMBER  2014   18   difficult  to  manage.
    keywords: data; libraries; library; web
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        item: #5521 of 5668
          id: ital-5638
      author: Zak, Elizabeth
       title: Do You Believe in Magic? Exploring the Conceptualization of Augmented Reality and its Implications for the User in the Field of Library and Information Science
        date: 2014-12-18
       words: 12672
      flesch: 31
     summary: INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  DECEMBER  2014   41   Furthermore,  by  identifying  best  practices,  practitioners  can  begin  to  pinpoint  what  applications   of  AR  are  successful  within  an  institution  and  for  users,  and  why  those  applications  are  successful   for  specific  purposes.   Exploring  the  Conceptualization  of   Augmented  Reality  and  its  Implications   for  the  User  in  the  Field  of  Library  and   Information  Science       Elizabeth  Zak     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  DECEMBER  2014           23   ABSTRACT   Augmented  reality  (AR)  technology  has  implications  for  the  ways  that  the  field  of  library  and   information  science  (LIS)  serves  users  and  organizes  information. 
    keywords: digital; information; lis; new; reality; technology; user
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        item: #5522 of 5668
          id: ital-5650
      author: Liu, Yan Quan; Briggs, Sarah
       title: A Library in the Palm of Your Hand: Mobile Services in Top 100 University Libraries
        date: 2015-06-15
       words: 6233
      flesch: 39
     summary: 100% of libraries with mobile sites include library hours on their site, making this the most common feature. INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGIES  AND  LIBRARIES  |  JUNE  2015   141     Mobile  Services   Percentage  of   libraries  offering   service  (Website   Visits)   Percentage  of   libraries  offering   service  (Survey)   E-­‐books   100%   85.29%   Mobile  databases   92.90%   70.59%   Mobile  OPAC   87.80%   88.24%   Mobile  website   80.80%   82.35%   Text  messaging   80.80%   73.53%   QR  codes   61.60%   55.88%   Mobile  app  for  site   20.20%   38.24%   Augmented  reality   7.00%   2.94%   Table  2.  Data  Comparison  of  Specific  Mobile  Services  between  Website  Visits  &  Survey.  
    keywords: libraries; library; mobile; services
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        item: #5523 of 5668
          id: ital-5664
      author: Tharani, Karim
       title: Linked Data in Libraries: A Case Study of Harvesting and Sharing Bibliographic Metadata with BIBFRAME
        date: 2015-03-30
       words: 5760
      flesch: 40
     summary: What  if  we  could  set   free  the  bound  elements?  That  is,  what  if  we  could  let  serial  titles,  subjects,  creators,   dates,  places,  and  other  elements,  interact  independently  with  data  on  the  Web  to  which   they  are  related?  What  might  be  the  possibilities  of  a  statement-­‐based,  Linked  Data   environment?  5       LINKED  DATA  IN  LIBRARIES:  A  CASE  STUDY  OF  HARVESTING  AND  SHARING  BIBLIOGRAPHIC  METADATA     WITH  BIBFRAME  |  THARANI       7     Figure  1.   In  1994  Tim  Berners-­‐Lee,  the  inventor  of  the  web,  put  forth  his  vision  of  the  Semantic  Web  as  a   “Web  of  actionable  information—information  derived  from  data  through  a  Semantic  theory  for     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  MARCH  2015   8   interpreting  the  symbols. 
    keywords: data; libraries; metadata; web
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        item: #5524 of 5668
          id: ital-5666
      author: Vacek, Rachel
       title: President’s Message: UX Thinking and the LITA Member Experience
        date: 2014-09-25
       words: 1769
      flesch: 52
     summary: Luckily, there were multiple times when I felt embraced by LITA members, such as participating in BIGWIG’s Social Media Showcase, teaching pre-conferences, hanging out at the Happy Hours, and attending the Forums. My mind has been occupied lately with user experience (UX) thinking in both the web world and in the physical world around me.
    keywords: experience; lita
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        item: #5525 of 5668
          id: ital-5699
      author: Holstein, Ann L
       title: Geographic Information and Technologies in Academic Research Libraries: An ARL Survey of Services and Support
        date: 2015-03-30
       words: 5028
      flesch: 31
     summary: Location   %  of  Libraries  (1997)   %  of  Libraries  (2014)   Map  Department/Services   43   36   Government  Documents   39   4   Reference   10   13   Geospatial  Data  Center,  GIS,  or  Data  Services   3   19   Not  in  any  one  location   -­‐   9   Digital  Scholarship  Center   -­‐   6   Combined  Area  (i.e.,  Map  Dept.  &  Gov.  Docs.)   In  1997,  84%  of  GIS  librarians  and  specialists  at  ARL  libraries  had  an  MLS  degree.13  At   that  time,  the  incumbent  was  most  often  recruited  from  within  the  library  to  assume  this  new  role,     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  MARCH  2015   42   whereas  today’s  GIS  professionals  are  just  as  likely  to  come  from  nonlibrary  backgrounds,   bringing  their  expertise  and  advanced  geographic  training  to  this  nontraditional  librarian  role.    
    keywords: geographic; gis; libraries; library
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        item: #5526 of 5668
          id: ital-5702
      author: Owen, Will; Michalak, Sarah C.
       title: Engine Of Innovation: Building the High Performance Catalog
        date: 2015-06-15
       words: 6749
      flesch: 36
     summary: The  use  of  faceted  browsing  allowed  users  to  parse  the  bibliographic  record  in  new  ways   (and  more  ways)  than  had  preceding  catalogs.   We   have  similarly  enhanced  services  related  to  the  discovery  and  delivery  of  items  listed  in  the   bibliographic  database,  including  not  only  common  features  like  the  ability  to  export  citations  in  a   variety  of  formats  but  also  more  extensive  services  such  as  document  delivery,  an  auto-­‐suggest   feature  that  maximizes  use  of  Library  of  Congress  Subject  Headings  (LCSH),  and  the  ability  to   submit  cataloged  items  to  be  processed  for  reserve  reading.     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  JUNE  2015     7   Both  students  and  faculty  have  embraced  e-­‐books,  and  in  adding  more  than  a  million  such  titles  to   the  UNC-­‐Chapel  Hill  catalog  we  continue  to  blend  discovery  and  delivery,  but  now  on  a  very  large   scale. 
    keywords: catalog; discovery; libraries; library; search
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        item: #5527 of 5668
          id: ital-5704
      author: Zhou, Yongli
       title: Fulfill Your Digital Preservation Goals with a Budget Studio
        date: 2016-04-01
       words: 5868
      flesch: 53
     summary: This paper compares images delivered by a high-end overhead scanner and a consumer-level DSLR camera, discusses pros and cons of using each method, demonstrates how to set up a cost-efficient shooting studio, and presents a budget estimate for a studio. In this paper, I will compare images produced by a scanner and a camera side-by-side, list pros and cons of using each method, illustrate how to establish a shooting studio, and present a budget estimate for that studio.
    keywords: camera; dslr; figure; image; overhead; scanner; studio
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        item: #5528 of 5668
          id: ital-5720
      author: Aagaard, James S.
       title: An Interactive Computer-Based Circulation System: Design and Development
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 4037
      flesch: 61
     summary: The keyboard on this terminal allows the staff to perform additional functions , such as charging books to users without badges, charging for periods other than the standard loan period, processing renewals, and discharging books which have been returned. This device can accept the same plastic user badge and book card as the 1030 terminal, and transfers the punched information to a two-part form.
    keywords: book; circulation; file; system
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        item: #5529 of 5668
          id: ital-5721
      author: Goldwyn, A. J.
       title: Foreward
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 271
      flesch: 46
     summary: The mere availability of equipment, of programs and tested system design, even of skilled and experienced manpower can no longer be considered enough. Increasingly, in the issues of this Journal, we hope that emphasis will be placed on reviews of experience, retro- spective evaluations of operation rather than optimistic projections made in the first bright mornings of system design.
    keywords: library
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        item: #5530 of 5668
          id: ital-5722
      author: Hazelton, Robert S.
       title: Cataloging Geometry
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 2004
      flesch: 61
     summary: Both the best and the worst of this view are exhibited as it is pushed to the extreme: The failure of our present systems of book classification in no way condemns the act of classification as a fundamental bibliographic technique. Book classification, as we have used it in the past, has failed for two reasons: one, because it has been based upon the book as a physical entity without taking into consideration the inherent character of the book as a composite intellectual product; two, because of limitations arising from the properties of our hierarchical systems of classification.
    keywords: book; classification; library
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        item: #5531 of 5668
          id: ital-5723
      author: Long, Philip L.; Kilgour, Frederick
       title: A Truncated Search Key Title Index
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 1280
      flesch: 68
     summary: A previous paper has shown that truncated three-letter search keys derived from the first two words of a title are less specific than author- title keys ( 1). The maximum number of identical keys was 321 for 3,1,1,1,1 and 3,1,1,1; the key was PRO, b, b, b, b, most of which was d erived from Proceedings.
    keywords: key; title
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        item: #5532 of 5668
          id: ital-5724
      author: Van Dyke, Vern J.; Ayer, L.
       title: Multipurpose Cataloging and Indexing System (CAIN) at the National Agricultural Library
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 3947
      flesch: 60
     summary: Elements for which the system supplies authority files are not only verified against the file but also additional transactions are generated from the authority file to assure uniformity in output. This subsystem updates, generates, expands, and maintains three types of authority files.
    keywords: cain; data; file; records; system
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        item: #5533 of 5668
          id: ital-5725
      author: Buckland, Michael K.; Gallivan, Bernard
       title: Circulation Control: Off-line, On-line, of Hybrid
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 3133
      flesch: 63
     summary: The duration of the on-line connection might be ten to fifteen minutes owing to line speed limitations. On-line systems are then reviewed and their economic viability queried.
    keywords: computer; library; line; system
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        item: #5534 of 5668
          id: ital-5726
      author: Buhr, Lorne R.
       title: Selective Dissemination of MARC: A User Evaluation
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 4480
      flesch: 64
     summary: One of the chief drawbacks for which SDI services are often cited is the absence of evaluative commentary or abstract material to accompany the citations. If current sub- scription costs for SDI services such as those offered by Can/SDI of the National Science Library, Ottawa can be maintained, and early indications are that they can, a cost of $100 per profile per year may be feasible bring- ing the annual expenditure for 100 users to $10,000.
    keywords: marc; sdi; seldom; service; users
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        item: #5535 of 5668
          id: ital-5727
      author: Roth, Dana L.
       title: Scientific Serial Lists
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 2360
      flesch: 58
     summary: The publication of a serials list oriented to the needs of scientists must then provide for: scientific title entries for corporate and society publica- 54 Journal of Library Automation Vol. The use of prepositions and conjunctions as filing elements constrains these scientists to being able to translate these abbreviations only into title entries where the omitted words are obvious, e.g., Journal of the American Chemical Society but often causes problems with titles like Journal of the Less- Common Metals.
    keywords: library; list; serials; title
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        item: #5536 of 5668
          id: ital-5728
      author: Lehnus, Donald J.; Allan, Ann
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1972-03-01
       words: 1148
      flesch: 52
     summary: Even though centralized book processing might hold little appeal for the reader, this volume nonetheless is valuable to technical service heads because of its above average sophistication in applying a systems analysis approach to technical services problems. By the time the experiment began most participants had a large portion of their book money encumbered, and the center was forced to accept cata- loging arrearages in addition to book order requests.
    keywords: book; cataloging
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        item: #5537 of 5668
          id: ital-5730
      author: Martin, Susan K.
       title: From the Editor
        date: 1972-06-01
       words: 231
      flesch: 59
     summary: During the intervening period, I will appreciate greatly the support of ISAD members, JOLA readers, authors, and the ALA staff. I wish to express gratitude to Don S. Culbertson, at that time Executive Secretary of both the Information Science and Automation Division and the American Library Trustees Association, for adding yet another hat while he prepared a substantial portion of this June 1972 issue of JOLA.
    keywords: jola
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        item: #5538 of 5668
          id: ital-5731
      author: Kountz, John C.
       title: BIBLIOS Revisited
        date: 1972-06-01
       words: 7717
      flesch: 78
     summary: PAGE 341 R s N8R lC/OC NBR • 67~17872 ••••••••• • 61016665 ••••••••• • 7&077366 ••••••••• • 64015641 ••••••••• • 63025374 ••••••••• • 66023116 ••••••••• • 66012019 ••••••••• • 58005566 ••••••••• • 6&022206 ••••••••• 60C01380••••••••• • 62008215 ••••••••• • 2900080~A •••••••• • 8B091802 ••••••••• • 68C25594••••••••• • 62015934 ••••••••• • 53006862 ••••••••• • 60007465 ••••••••• • 3&003909 ••••••••• • 61019409 ••••••••• • 60013658 ••••••••• • 64012696 ••••••••• • 57011288 ••••••••• • 64019529 ••••••••• • 67026079 ••••••••• • 66019433 ••••••••• • 61010232 ••••••••• • 63021480 ••••••••• • 63016506 ••••••••• • 45035124 •••••• 061 • 45035124 •••••• 063 • 45035124 •••••• 064 • 45035124 •••••• 066 • 45035124 •••••• 070 • 65021807 ••••••••• • 49008127 ••••••••• • 68031281 ••••••••• • 5&003667 ••••••••• • 88C40004 ••••••••• • 66025876 ••••••••• • 88090177 ••••••••• • 62011346 ••••••••• • 63014720 •••••• • •• • 67011223 ••••••••• • 66C14357 ••••••••• • AA010179 ••••••••• • 60012110 •••••••• • • 64020856 ••••••••• • 61013913 ••••••••• • 62022305 • • ••••••• • 65022618 ••••••••• • 62005250 ••••••••• • 6201&326 ••••••••• • 64019933 ••••••••• • 2 63016799 ••••••••• 80 Journal of Library Automation Vol.
    keywords: biblios; book; catalog; cost; library; number; order; system; title
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        item: #5539 of 5668
          id: ital-5733
      author: Guthrie, Gerry D.; Slifko, Steven D.
       title: Analysis of Search Key Retrieval on a Large Bibliographic File
        date: 1972-06-01
       words: 1635
      flesch: 64
     summary: INTRODUCTION Systems planners are hard pressed to accurately predict the access charac- teristics of search keys on large on-line bibliographic files when so little is known about user requests. The search key file is in sequence by search key.
    keywords: key; search
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        item: #5540 of 5668
          id: ital-5734
      author: Veneziano, Velma
       title: An Interactive Computer-Based Circulation System for Northwestern University: The Library Puts It to Work
        date: 1972-06-01
       words: 7241
      flesch: 74
     summary: Accurately punched book cards, available in all books, can make the difference between success and failure of a circulation system. Since the terminal will not accept badges or book cards unless they are inserted in the proper direction, the user soon gets the idea.
    keywords: book; card; circulation; number; system; user
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        item: #5541 of 5668
          id: ital-5735
      author: Carter, Ruth C.
       title: Automation of Acquisitions at Parkland College
        date: 1972-06-01
       words: 7150
      flesch: 61
     summary: At this point, as well as previously, the literature was searched for relevant discussions of acquisitions systems and/or mechanization applications in small libraries. In fact, one of the disk drives was reserved strictly for systems programs, and could not be utilized directly by the library.
    keywords: acquisitions; automation; computer; data; library; parkland; system; time
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        item: #5542 of 5668
          id: ital-5736
      author: Hammer, Donald P.
       title: HELP: The Automated Binding Records Control System
        date: 1972-06-01
       words: 2313
      flesch: 82
     summary: In addition, the system provides an up-to-date pattern record for the libraries' files, and the bindery maintains the resultant data bank of pattern records as the library notifies it of additions, changes, and deletions. The Automated Binding Records Control System An interesting new aspect of library automation has been the appearance of commercial ventures established to provide for an effective use of the new ideas and techniques of automation and related fields.
    keywords: binding; library
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        item: #5543 of 5668
          id: ital-5737
      author: Line, Maurice B.; Harris, Howard S.; Hammer, Donald P.; Washington, Lillian H.; Hopkins, Judith
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1972-06-01
       words: 4714
      flesch: 56
     summary: One addressed the need for MARC formats and the user requirements for such formats, keeping in mind the need for bi-lingual content in the perspective of an international MARC as to data for author, title, collation and notes, geographic names, and subject. Initiate a pilot project with other libraries to test the proposed Canadian serials format prior to full implementation.
    keywords: automation; canadian; data; format; library; marc; serials
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        item: #5544 of 5668
          id: ital-5738
      author: Kilgour, Frederick G.; Long, Philip L.; Landgraf, Alan L.; Wyckoff, John A.
       title: The Shared Cataloging System of the Ohio College Library Center
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 11668
      flesch: 63
     summary: For each title for which catalog cards were needed, members transcribed Library of Congress ( LC) card numbers onto a request card. Design of catalog cards and format options began four months before off-line activities.
    keywords: bibliographic; card; catalog; catalog card; cataloging; file; library; line; number; oclc; record; system
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        item: #5545 of 5668
          id: ital-5739
      author: McGee, Rob
       title: Two Types of Designs for On-Line Circulation Systems
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 8523
      flesch: 56
     summary: Item systems are characterized by three or four major files: 1) a user file; 2) an item file of bibliographic records for all library volumes or titles, or for as many as machine records can feasibly be created and stored; 3) a transaction file that may be used for update of the item file, data collection and analysis, and perhaps notice generation; and optionally 4) an absence file of records for circulating items, if transaction data for them are more efficiently kept here than in the item file. Item systems are in operation at Bell Laboratories library ( 18,19 ), Eastern Illinois University library ( 20), Ohio State University libraries ( 21,22 ), and the Technical Library of the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston ( 23).
    keywords: absence; circulation; data; file; item; library; line; records; system
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        item: #5546 of 5668
          id: ital-5740
      author: Saracevic, Tefko; Bierman, Kenneth J.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1972-09-01
       words: 927
      flesch: 58
     summary: I personally like Proceedings that have many papers under category c); such papers make me think ( or laugh ). Let's face it: there is something about any Proceedings that elicits a very personal reaction in many of us: Here are papers that either, a) got their authors a trip to the conference city; b ) tell how we did good at our place; or c) unabashedly present H.B.I.'s- ( half baked ideas ).
    keywords: information; papers
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        item: #5547 of 5668
          id: ital-5741
      author: Avram, Henriette D.; Guiles, Kay D.
       title: Content Designators for Machine-Readable Records: A Working Paper
        date: 1972-12-01
       words: 4506
      flesch: 50
     summary: Data element identifiers in some cases are tag dependent, i.e., they identify the same data elements consistently when used with a par- ticular tag and data field, regardless of the combination of data elements present in the data field for any particular record. In other cases, the data element identifiers are tag, indicator, and data dependent, i.e. , the meaning of the data element identifiers changes and the data element identifiers are assigned to different data elements, depending upon the combination of data elements occurring in a data field for a particular record.
    keywords: bibliographic; content; data; element
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        item: #5548 of 5668
          id: ital-5742
      author: McGrath, William E.; Simon, Donald
       title: Regional Numerical Union Catalog on Computer Output Microfiche
        date: 1972-12-01
       words: 4248
      flesch: 67
     summary: The total of A and Z's common holdings that were also held by other libraries is 1,315, or about 10.5 percent of 12,470. The administrators of each library are especially interested to know how many of their own titles are also held by other libraries.
    keywords: libraries; library; louisiana; number; titles
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        item: #5549 of 5668
          id: ital-5743
      author: Grosch, Audrey N.
       title: Computer-Based Subject Authority Files at the University of Minnesota Libraries
        date: 1972-12-01
       words: 6410
      flesch: 80
     summary: If tJ~ • • l i, W) 0 1·•··.r:r , cr -.. ~ ... ,(' .. ~ C:H<' t r r l'tfi(Trt ~o~r <; :· '' f ~ ; ~,;~.K1 ~~~~ ~~ i (: t.,t · r r,.
    keywords: data; file; subject; system
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        item: #5550 of 5668
          id: ital-5744
      author: Brodman, Estelle
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1972-12-01
       words: 740
      flesch: 52
     summary: The assumptions on which the conference was based were the traditional ones of librarians and information scientists-that access to information should be the right of anyone without regard to geographical or economic position, and that pooling of resources (here by networking operations) is one of the best ways to reach that goal. Since it is deemed desirable to give the widest chance for all individuals to use these networks, it was recommended that fee-for- service prices should be kept low through subventions of the telecommuni- cations costs by libraries and information centers.
    keywords: information
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        item: #5551 of 5668
          id: ital-5745
      author: Deodato, Joseph
       title: Evaluating Web-Scale Discovery Services: A Step-by-Step Guide
        date: 2015-06-15
       words: 18874
      flesch: 31
     summary: 3 Create an evaluation rubric Create a comprehensive, prioritized list of product requirements rooted in staff and user needs. As  products  emerge  from   their  initial  release  and  more  information  about  them  becomes  available,  the  library  community   has  gained  a  better  understanding  of  how  web-­‐scale  discovery  services  work  and  their  particular   strengths  and  weaknesses. 
    keywords: discovery; evaluation; library; product; search; team; users; web-­‐scale
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        item: #5552 of 5668
          id: ital-5759
      author: Malinconico, S. Michael; Rizzolo, James A.
       title: The New York Public Library Automated Book Catalog Subsystem
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 15903
      flesch: 68
     summary: We have found that punctuation of added entries is effected correctly in 98 percent of catalog entries. TE heading records are formatted by a single module invoked by this step and again in P5.
    keywords: authority; bibliographic; book; book catalog; catalog; cross; cumulation; data; entry; file; heading; library; new; program; record; reference; system; york
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        item: #5553 of 5668
          id: ital-5760
      author: Dimsdale, J. J.
       title: File Structure for an On-Line Catalog of One Million Titles
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 8535
      flesch: 72
     summary: There would be a separate hashing function, hash table file, dictionary file, and compressed inverted file for use with each different type of key. If there has previously occurred a bit string B(K1), I(K1), Mr(K1) in which B(L) = B(K), I(K1) = I(K), Mr(K1) # M(K) then no change is File Structure for an On-Line Catalog/DIM5DALE 41 B(K), I(K), M(K) HASH TABLE FILE: COUNTER SECTION: COUNTER SECTION NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER OCCUPIED OVERFLOWS FROM OVERFLOWS INTO Fig.
    keywords: bucket; catalog; entry; file; hash; index
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        item: #5554 of 5668
          id: ital-5761
      author: Shoffner, Ralph
       title: Information Science and Automation Division Board of Directors
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 3219
      flesch: 56
     summary: Ron- ald Miller~ chairman, enumerated the following points of the committee's meeting: that ( 1) a long range plan for seminar programs be written to cover the period from July 1974 through June 1978; (2) part of the money from the institutes be budgeted to support a professional staff person at ALA Headquarters to handle the burden of the work; ( 3) policy be es- tablished concerning commercial groups using ISAD programs for a market- ing channel, particularly products of use to libraries; ( 4) institutes or semi- nars be regionalized in the U.S. and Canada; and ( 5) liaison efforts be utilized (a) within the network of ALA, (b) through subcontractors, and (c) through continuing education programs of library schools or other institutes of higher education. Also, she ltad attempted for a year and a half to assemble an information packet at ALA Headquarters, but did not know the status of the project.
    keywords: chairman; committee; library
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        item: #5555 of 5668
          id: ital-5762
      author: Martin, Susan K.
       title: Technical Communications
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 2778
      flesch: 54
     summary: Other application systems, such as acquisitions and serials already are computer supported and therefore have existing machine-readable data files. The premise of the development is that an integrated acquisi- tions, accounting, in-process control sys- tem for all library materials coupled with an on-line catalog/ circulation control sys- tem can be operationally affordable by a library or system of libraries in the 200,000 volume class using its own com- puter system.
    keywords: library; pacific; system; technical; university
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        item: #5556 of 5668
          id: ital-5763
      author: Bierman, Kenneth J.; Atherton, Pauline; Payne, Charles T.; Crawford, Walt; Martin, David S.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1973-03-01
       words: 2052
      flesch: 56
     summary: For librarians, a major rele- vance of this volume will be the varied approaches to cost-effectiveness analysis of instruction in relation to learning ma- terials, since in this task, librarian and in- structor must work hand in hand. 6/ 1 March 1973 cellent, and this portion is valuable in showing the virtues and defects of various approaches to key word indexing.
    keywords: indexing; library; system; word
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        item: #5557 of 5668
          id: ital-5764
      author: Burgess, Thomas K.
       title: A Cost Effectiveness Model for Comparing Various Circulation Systems
        date: 1973-06-01
       words: 4489
      flesch: 65
     summary: Library circulation systems, however, may fit this type of model with relative ease. 6/2 June 1973 effectiveness comparison with a similar manual operation can provide infor- mation on effectiveness of automated circulation systems in general as well as on the WSU implementation.
    keywords: activities; circulation; hours; time; total
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        item: #5558 of 5668
          id: ital-5765
      author: Sanderson, M.
       title: On-Line and Back at S.F.U.
        date: 1973-06-01
       words: 5084
      flesch: 66
     summary: A first question should be: '\Vhat are we really trying to acl1ieve here? rather than: I wonder if we could apply system x in this situation? Present system (Phase I ) converted to Minerva with new file organization, etc. interface to batch system.
    keywords: file; library; line; loan; phase; system
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        item: #5559 of 5668
          id: ital-5766
      author: Landgraf, Alan L.; Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: Catalog Records Retrieved by Personal Author Using Derived Search Keys
        date: 1973-06-01
       words: 1759
      flesch: 71
     summary: This program counted the number of distinct keys, built a fre- quency distribution of names per distinct key and cumulative frequency distributions of names per distinct key in percentile groups. This investigation shows that search keys derived from personal author names possess a sufficient degree of distinctness to be employed in an effi~ cient computerized interactive index to a file of MARC II catalog records having 167,7 45 personal author entries.
    keywords: key; keys
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        item: #5560 of 5668
          id: ital-5767
      author: Bookstein, Abraham
       title: Statistical Behavior of Search Keys
        date: 1973-06-01
       words: 3411
      flesch: 66
     summary: This model similarly assumes that among any sizeable number of requests, the fraction of the time any particular search key value will occur is fixed; thus, for any subset of search key values, it is possible to determine how often members of that subset will occur among a set of requests. For a particular collection, letS denote the set of search key values Statistical Behavior of Search Keysj BOOKSTEIN 111 for which, say, twenty or more items are retrieved.
    keywords: search
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        item: #5561 of 5668
          id: ital-5768
      author: Bosseau, Don L.
       title: Technical Communications
        date: 1973-06-01
       words: 3268
      flesch: 50
     summary: The U.S. group, D. Burchinal said, was particularly struck by the importance at- tached to information services by the highest levels of scientific and technolog- ical management in the U.S.S.R. and in the constituent republics. State University of New York is the first major multicampus system to intro- duce such a reciprocal program on so wide a scale, although the library system of the State University of Illinois has a similar policy, limited to faculty and grad- uate students.
    keywords: information; library; state; system; technical; university
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        item: #5562 of 5668
          id: ital-5769
      author: Namenwirth, S. Micha; Husbands, Charles W.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1973-06-01
       words: 649
      flesch: 61
     summary: IBM's Data Pro-·' cessing Glossary and the American Na- tional Standard Vocabulary for Information Processing appear to have been important sources of information processing terms. S. Micha Namenwirth University of California, Berkeley DictionanJ of Library Science, Information and Documentation in Six Languages.
    keywords: library
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        item: #5563 of 5668
          id: ital-5770
      author: Ellern, Gillian (Jill) D; Hitch, Robin; Stoffan, Mark A
       title: User Authentication in the Public Areas of Academic Libraries in North Carolina
        date: 2015-06-15
       words: 10231
      flesch: 34
     summary: Microsoft Word - June_ITAL_Ellern_final.docx User  Authentication  in  the  Public     Area  of  Academic  Libraries  in     North  Carolina   Gillian  (Jill)  D.  Ellern,     Robin  Hitch,  and   Mark  A.  Stoffan       INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  JUNE  2015     103         ABSTRACT   The  clash  of  principles  between  protecting  privacy  and  protecting  security  can  create  an  impasse   between  libraries,  campus  IT  departments,  and  academic  administration  over  authentication  issues   with  the  public  area  PCs  in  the  library.   He   confirmed  that  other  librarians  also  have  ambivalent  feelings  about  authentication  issues  but  that   there  was  also  growing  understanding  in  libraries  about  the  potential  vulnerability  of  networks  or   misuse  of  their  resources.2     It  seemed  that  the  speed  at  which  authenticating  computers  in  the  public  areas  of  libraries  was   happening  across  the  country  had  not  really  allowed  the  literature  on  the  subject  to  quite  catch  up.     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  JUNE  2015     105           Those  studies  that  existed  such  as  SPEC  Kits  seem  to  address  the  issue  from  the  perspective  of   larger  research  libraries  or  else  did  not  systematically  assess  other  specific  groups  of  libraries.3,4     There  were  questions  in  our  minds  about  whether  the  current  research  that  was  found  would   describe  the  trends  and  unique  situations  of  libraries  located  in  rural  areas  or  in  other  types  of   academic  libraries. 
    keywords: access; authentication; libraries; library; public
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        item: #5564 of 5668
          id: ital-5772
      author: Shoffner, Ralph M.
       title: ISAD Ad Hoc Committee Reports
        date: 1973-09-01
       words: 8074
      flesch: 43
     summary: the establishment of a journal which would pull together articles on library automation, which at that time were appearing in many different places; 2. provision of a clearinghouse for information on library automation proj- ects; 3. creation of a bank of computer programs and related documentation for use by other libraries planning similar applications; 4. evaluation of library automation equipment and applications; 5. tutorial seminars, preconference meetings and other educational programs. Before this date, there was no mem- bership unit within ALA with the sole responsibility for library automation, so there was no effective way for librarians involved with automation to communi- cate, or to learn from each other's experiences.
    keywords: automation; committee; division; information; institute; isad; libraries; library; library automation
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        item: #5565 of 5668
          id: ital-5773
      author: Board of Directors, ISAD
       title: Highlights of Minutes
        date: 1973-09-01
       words: 5006
      flesch: 60
     summary: Mrs. Martin said that at the Mon- day ISAD Board meeting she had talked of retaining ]OLA TC as a sep- arate publication, but the final feeling of the Editorial Board was negative. Chairman Stephen Salmon summarized the discussion by the Objectives Committee of the three issues raised at the first session of the ISAD Board meeting regarding the Infor- mation Technology Discussion Group: ( 1) How such a group should fit into the organizational structure of ISAD.
    keywords: board; committee; group; isad
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        item: #5566 of 5668
          id: ital-5774
      author: Landgraf, Alan L.; Rastogi, Kunj B.; Long, Philip L.
       title: Corporate Author Entry Records Retrieved by Use of Derived Truncated Search Keys
        date: 1973-09-01
       words: 2050
      flesch: 67
     summary: Obviously a Corporate Author Entry RecordsjLANDGRAF, et al. 157 type of search key different from that which proved efficient for retrieving personal authors is required for retrieval of corporate entries. To study a given type of key, the file was sorted on a specified number of initial characters of each segment; these initial characters were then employed as search keys by a program which sequentially compared the characters in the key, counting distinct and identical keys.
    keywords: entries; number
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        item: #5567 of 5668
          id: ital-5775
      author: Roberts, Justine
       title: Grant Project Information via a Shared Data Base
        date: 1973-09-01
       words: 2221
      flesch: 71
     summary: Previous investigation by the library had revealed the fiscal infeasibility of extracting citations of publications on campus research projects from a commercially available data base. man-weeks of library staff time and less than a week's time of computer center staff.
    keywords: campus; index; library; project
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        item: #5568 of 5668
          id: ital-5776
      author: Grosch, Audrey N.
       title: The Minnesota Union List of Serials
        date: 1973-09-01
       words: 7837
      flesch: 68
     summary: With this picture of the program scope, the design factors, data conversion, computer system, programs, photocomposition, costs, and problems will be described below. 6/3 September 1973 • publication of regional combination or individual library lists using an IBM 1403 line printer equipped with the ALA graphic print train; • storage of complete and verified information on each serial as known, together with the source of the cataloging data; • extraction of the data via individual libraries to assist those wishing to develop automated serials management systems including check· in, claiming, binding, etc.; • conversion of the file to other storage media such as disk; • fulfillment of the smallest to the largest libraries' needs for biblio· .
    keywords: data; format; library; list; marc; minnesota; muls; serials; system; tape; time
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        item: #5569 of 5668
          id: ital-5777
      author: Crawford, Walt; Roberts, Justine; Taylor, Desmond; Kilgour, Frederick G.
       title: Technical Communications
        date: 1973-09-01
       words: 2756
      flesch: 71
     summary: This circu- lation system is the first of its type in the country and permits library users to place telephone calls to learn titles and authors and to charge out books. The only other payment a library makes is 3.4¢ per catalog card.
    keywords: key; library; system; university
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        item: #5570 of 5668
          id: ital-5778
      author: Pulsifer, Josephine S.
       title: Comparison of MARC Serials, NSDP, and ISBD-S
        date: 1973-12-01
       words: 3018
      flesch: 57
     summary: no To: List of doctoral dissertations in history in progress ... (d) SR makes new record when main entry changes, or when new title merits entry under title main entry. These practices do not necessarily correspond with NSDP's practice, based on ISDS guidelines, in assigning new key titles.
    keywords: international; new; nsdp; serials; title
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        item: #5571 of 5668
          id: ital-5779
      author: Grosch, Audrey N.
       title: A Regional Serials Program Under National Serials Data Program Auspices: Discussion Paper Prepared for Ad Hoc Serials Discussion Group
        date: 1973-12-01
       words: 2134
      flesch: 56
     summary: Create and maintain regional center serials data base reflecting holdings of libraries in the region. Notify regional center of new titles, changes, corrections to maintain regional data base.
    keywords: data; regional; serials
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        item: #5572 of 5668
          id: ital-5782
      author: De Gennaro, Richard
       title: Providing Bibliographic Services From Machine-Readable Data Bases--The Library's Role
        date: 1973-12-01
       words: 3541
      flesch: 53
     summary: While it is clearly outside the scope of this paper to review the state-of- the-art of data base services, reference to a few key works and a brief in- troduction to the subject may be helpful. Interest among librarians in data base services is running high.
    keywords: bases; centers; data; library; services
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        item: #5573 of 5668
          id: ital-5783
      author: Anable, Richard
       title: The Ad Hoc Discussion Group on Serials Data Bases: Its History, Current Position, and Future
        date: 1973-12-01
       words: 3196
      flesch: 56
     summary: There are no conclusive studies in the area of serials conversions which suggest that the total record conversion approach would be less expensive in the long run tha11 a base record conversion approach. The improvement of communications among institutions engaged in the generation or maintenance of serials data bases.
    keywords: conversion; data; library; serials
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        item: #5574 of 5668
          id: ital-5784
      author: Torkington, Roy B.
       title: Cumulating the Supplements to the Seventh Edition of LC Subject Headings
        date: 1973-12-01
       words: 3942
      flesch: 61
     summary: (Examples are only representations of MARC records. SUPMRG, as a result, does not require modules for rebuilding and modi- fying MARC records.
    keywords: cumulation; heading; library; record; supplement
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        item: #5575 of 5668
          id: ital-5785
      author: Gibson, Liz
       title: BIBCON--A General Purpose Software System for MARC-Based Book Catalog Production
        date: 1973-12-01
       words: 8057
      flesch: 76
     summary: Tagged Input Unnecessary: Because of the formatting and tagging abilities of the Automatic Field Recognition program, BIBCON can produce MARC records from input which has not been manually supplied with any of the MARC field tags. AFR-MARC II Records It is important to emphasize that the system produces MARC-like rec- ords rather than full MARC records.
    keywords: california; data; field; input; library; marc; output; program; record; system; title
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        item: #5576 of 5668
          id: ital-5786
      author: Silberstein, Stephen
       title: Technical Communications
        date: 1973-12-01
       words: 7027
      flesch: 55
     summary: More specifi- cally, the study will: • Characterize typical data base pub- lishing activities in terms of markets, products, sales strategies, methods of data base collection, distribution, etc.; • Identify the current and expected roles of private industry sectors, gov- ernment, and professional associa- tions; • Analyze existing and latent markets for data base publishing ventures and estimate market growth over the next five years; • Describe criteria for analyzing the economics of data base publishing services and pricing them; • Review hardware, software, and de- velopments likely to affect the indus- try in the next five years, including emergence of lower-cost switched data networks; • Describe the probable impacts of Technical Communications 267 public policy and regulatory devel- opments, including copyright legis- lation, patentability of software, and concern over protection of confiden- tiality of personal information, and • Characterize the reasons for past failures of certain data base publish- ing ventures and propose strategies for successful involvement. A file conversion is a messy, difficult and essentially unproductive task, no matter how well done, because it merely transforms existing data into an- other form and in so doing exposes, for all to see, the many ancient errors which we do not want to see.
    keywords: automation; data; information; library; national; new; standards; systems; technical
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        item: #5577 of 5668
          id: ital-5787
      author: Hayes, Robert M.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1973-12-01
       words: 680
      flesch: 63
     summary: On the other hand, the fact remains that these are important papers, ones with which students should be come familiar- and not simply for historical purposes, and that most instructors and classes should Bnd this a useful volume. The defined purpose of this collection is to serve students and instructors in in- troductory courses in information science, by making these key papers readily avail- able as assigned readings.
    keywords: papers
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        item: #5578 of 5668
          id: ital-5831
      author: Turner, Benjamin; Fuchs, Caroline; Todman, Anthony
       title: Static vs. Dynamic Tutorials: Applying Usability Principles to Evaluate Online Point-of-Need Instruction.
        date: 2015-12-22
       words: 7958
      flesch: 49
     summary: The library literature on online library tutorials might be divided into subcategories: early development of online instructional tutorials, library website usability testing, evaluation of online information-literacy instruction tutorials, best practices for the creation of library tutorials, and the best mediums for the creation of library tutorials. Most useful here is the “Best Practices for Creating and Managing Animated Tutorials” found in the article’s appendix.25 Best Mediums for the Creation of Library Tutorials Other authors have explored the need to accommodate different learning styles in library tutorials rather than relying too heavily on text to convey information.26 At the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom, an information literacy tutorial was planned and created to support online distance learners in the geography post- graduate program.
    keywords: group; library; online; participants; task; tutorials; y n; y y
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        item: #5579 of 5668
          id: ital-5857
      author: Vacek, Rachel
       title: President's Message: Twitter Nodes to Networks: Thoughts on the #litaforum
        date: 2014-12-18
       words: 1874
      flesch: 50
     summary: The  love  of  data  is  not  uncommon  in  libraries,  and  neither  is  the  analysis  of  that  data.     With  libraries  having  more  tight  budgets,  it’s  extremely  important  that  we  continue  to  learn   virtually. 
    keywords: forum; image
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        item: #5580 of 5668
          id: ital-5869
      author: Dulock, Michael; Long, Holley
       title: Digital Collections Are a Sprint, Not a Marathon: Adapting Scrum Project Management Techniques to Library Digital Initiatives
        date: 2015-12-22
       words: 5692
      flesch: 46
     summary: The team adopted the two-week duration typical of Scrum sprints for the pilot. The team has found the sprints and modified Scrum meetings to be highly useful and relatively easy to incorporate into their workflows.
    keywords: collections; digital; project; scrum; sprint; team; work
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        item: #5581 of 5668
          id: ital-5888
      author: Bauder, Julia; Lange, Emma
       title: Exploratory Subject Searching in Library Catalogs: Reclaiming the Vision
        date: 2015-06-15
       words: 4254
      flesch: 37
     summary: Results  are  depicted   as  a  two-­‐level  treemap,  which  gives  users  a  visual  representation  of  the  disciplinary  perspectives  (as   represented  by  the  main  classes  of  the  Library  of  congress  Classification)  and  topics  (as  represented   by  elements  of  the  Library  of  Congress  Subject  Headings)  included  in  the  results.   In  the  visualized  view,  results  are  depicted  as  a  two-­‐level  treemap,   which  gives  users  a  visual  representation  of  the  disciplinary  perspectives  (as  represented  by  the   main  classes  of  the  Library  of  Congress  Classification  [LCC])  and  topics  (as  represented  by   elements  of  the  Library  of  Congress  Subject  Headings  [LCSH])  included  in  the  results. 
    keywords: library; results; search
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        item: #5582 of 5668
          id: ital-5889
      author: Park, Jung-ran; Brenza, Andrew
       title: Evaluation of Semi-Automatic Metadata Generation Tools: A Survey of the Current State of the Art
        date: 2015-09-21
       words: 7844
      flesch: 24
     summary: Even  though  there  are  promising  experimental  studies   that  exploit  various  methods  and  sources  for  semi-­‐automatic  metadata  generation,3  a  lack  of   studies  assessing  and  evaluating  the  range  of  tools  have  been  developed,  implemented,  or   improved.  To  address  such  needs,  this  study  aims  to  examine  the  current  landscape  of  semi-­‐ automatic  metadata  generation  tools  while  providing  an  evaluative  analysis  of  their  techniques,   features,  and  functions.   Because  of  the  quantity  of  information  resources  and  the  costly  and  time-­‐consuming  nature  of   manual  metadata  generation,2  it  is  increasingly  apparent  that  there  simply  are  not  enough   information  professionals  available  for  satisfying  the  metadata-­‐generation  needs  of  the  library   community.  Semi-­‐automatic  metadata  generation,  on  the  other  hand,  offers  the  promise  of  using   high  levels  of  computing  power  to  manage  large  amounts  of  information  resources. 
    keywords: generation; information; metadata; semi-­‐automatic; tools
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        item: #5583 of 5668
          id: ital-5893
      author: Maceli, Monica
       title: What Technology Skills Do Developers Need? A Text Analysis of Job Listings in Library and Information Science (LIS) from Jobs.code4lib.org
        date: 2015-09-21
       words: 2793
      flesch: 31
     summary: In  pursuit  of  building  our  understanding  of  currently  sought  technology  competencies   in  developer-­‐oriented  positions  within  LIS,  this  paper  reports  the  results  of  a  text  analysis  of  a  large   collection  of  job  listings  culled  from  the  Code4lib  jobs  website.   The  website  incorporates  jobs  posted  to  the   Code4lib  discussion  list,  American  Library  Association,  Canadian  Library  Association,  Australian   Library  and  Information  Association,  HigherEd  Jobs,  Digital  Koans,  Idealist,  and  ArchivesGig.  This   broad  incoming  set  of  jobs  provides  a  wide  look  into  new  technology-­‐related  postings.    
    keywords: job; technology; terms
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        item: #5584 of 5668
          id: ital-5900
      author: Betz, Sonya; Hall, Robyn
       title: Self-Archiving with Ease in an Institutional Repository: Microinteractions and the User Experience
        date: 2015-09-21
       words: 6046
      flesch: 34
     summary: Meanwhile,  Bell  and  Sarr  recommend  integrating  value-­‐added   features  into  IR  websites  as  a  way  to  attract  faculty.12  Their  successful  strategy  for  reengineering  a   struggling  IR  at  the  University  of  Rochester  included  adding  tools  to  allow  users  to  edit  metadata   and  add  and  remove  files,  and  providing  portfolio  pages  where  faculty  could  list  their  works  in  the   IR,  link  to  works  available  elsewhere,  detail  their  research  interests,  and  upload  a  copy  of  their  CV.   We  can  assume  that  users  would  be  goal-­‐based  in  their  approach  to  the  IR;   faculty  would  be  visiting  the  site  with  the  specific  purpose  of  uploading  content  and  would  be   actively  looking  for  a  trigger  to  begin  an  interaction  that  would  allow  them  to  do  so.    
    keywords: faculty; process; testing; user
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        item: #5585 of 5668
          id: ital-5912
      author: Dehmlow, Mark
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: A&I Databases--The Next Frontier to Discover
        date: 2015-03-30
       words: 1640
      flesch: 39
     summary: Regardless  of  the  number  of  searches   INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  MARCH  2015     3   (which  doesn’t  really  tell  us  anything  anyway),  we  need  to  recognize  the  value  alone  of  including   the  A&I  content,  and  instead  of  trying  to  determine  the  value  of  the  resource  by  the  number  of   times  it  was  searched,  focus  more  on  the  breadth  of  exposure  that  content  is  getting  by  inclusion   in  the  discovery  system.   This  would  guide  users  back  to  the  native  A&I  resource  which  both  libraries  and  A&I  providers   want,  and  it  would  do  that  in  a  more  intuitive  and  meaningful  way  for  the  end  user.  
    keywords: discovery
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        item: #5586 of 5668
          id: ital-8650
      author: Mugridge, Rebecca L.; Sweeney, Michael
       title: Data Center Consolidation at the University at Albany
        date: 2015-12-22
       words: 5231
      flesch: 50
     summary: Many colleges and universities have data centers or server rooms distributed across one or more campuses, as does the University at Albany (UAlbany). At the same time, server rooms sprouted all over the university, with many of the colleges and other units purchasing servers and maintaining server rooms in less than ideal conditions.
    keywords: data center; libraries; new; new data; servers; university
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        item: #5587 of 5668
          id: ital-8652
      author: Potnis, Devendra Dilip; Regenstreif-Harms, Reynard; Cortez, Edwin
       title: Identifying Key Steps for Developing Mobile Applications & Mobile Websites for Libraries
        date: 2016-09-30
       words: 7006
      flesch: 38
     summary: The ability to prioritize tasks and identify mission-critical features of mobile MAMW are some of the most common activities undertaken by libraries to manage this scope.32 For instance, it is not practical to make entire library websites mobile because libraries would end up serving only those patrons who access their sites over mobile alone. Open Source Design mobile websites that allow users to leverage the same open source technology as the main websites77 Design mobile websites linking to other existing services like library h3lp and library catalogs with mobile interfaces such as MobileCat78 4 Networking Design a mobile website capable of exploiting advancements in technology such as faster mobile data networks79 Identify and address technology issues (e.g., connectivity, security, speed, signal strength, etc.) faced by patrons when using MAMW80 5 Input/Output Devices Use a mobile robot to determine the location of fixed RFID tags in space81 Design MAMW capable of processing data communicated using radio frequency identification devices, near-field communication technology, and Bluetooth- based technology like iBeacons82 Offer innovative services using augmented- reality tools83 IDENTIFYING KEY STEPS FOR DEVELOPING MOBILE APPLICATIONS & MOBILE WEBSITES FOR LIBRARIES | POTNIS, REGENSTREIF-HARMS, AND CORTEZ |doi:10.6017/ital.v35i2.8652 52 6 Databases Integrate a back-end database of metadata with front-end mobile technologies84 Integrate front-end of mobile MAMW with back-end of standard databases and services85 7 Social Media and Analytics Integrate social media sites (e.g., Foursquare, Facebook Place, Gowalla, etc.) with existing checkout services for accurate and information rich entries86 Implement Google Voice or a free text- messaging service87 Use Google Analytics for mobile optimized website by copying the free JavaScript code generated from Google Analytics and paste it into library webpages to gain insight into what resources are used and who used them88 Integrate a geo-location feature with mobile services89 Table 1.
    keywords: design; development; information; libraries; library; mamw; mobile; services; technology; websites
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        item: #5588 of 5668
          id: ital-8749
      author: Peponakis, Manolis
       title: In the Name of the Name: RDF literals, ER attributes and the potential to rethink the structures and visualizations of catalogs
        date: 2016-06-30
       words: 8265
      flesch: 49
     summary: In this study, a method is proposed to connect the names with the entities they represent and, in this way, to document the provenance of these names by connecting specific resources with specific names. We proposed a method for connecting the names to the entities they represent and, at the same time, we documented the provenance of these names by connecting specific resources with specific names.
    keywords: bibliographic; data; information; model; names; rda; rdf
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        item: #5589 of 5668
          id: ital-8804
      author: Vacek, Rachel
       title: President's Column: Making an Impact in the Time That is Given to Us
        date: 2015-06-15
       words: 799
      flesch: 49
     summary: As  LITA  President,  I  have  put  many  changes  in  motion  and  am  happy  with   what  I  have  accomplished,  and  proud  of  our  Board  and  the  members  who  volunteer  to  lead  and   effect  change.   In  today’s  library  technology  landscape,  one  of  the  many  skills  leaders  need  to  possess  is  the   ability  to  effect  change. 
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5590 of 5668
          id: ital-8805
      author: Gerrity, Robert
       title: Editor's Comments
        date: 2015-06-15
       words: 438
      flesch: 48
     summary: Microsoft Word - June_ital_gerrity.docx Editor’s Comments Bob Gerrity     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  JUNE  2015       1       Library  Discovery  Circa  1974   Our  ongoing  project  to  digitize  back  issues  of  Information  Technology  and  Libraries  (ITAL)   and  its  predecessor,  Journal  of  Library  Automation  (JOLA),  provides  frequent  reminders  of   what’s  changed  (and  what  hasn’t)  in  library  technology  in  the  past  several  decades.   Joseph  Deodato  provides  a  useful  step-­‐by-­‐ step  guide  to  evaluating  web-­‐scale  discovery  services  for  libraries. 
    keywords: library
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        item: #5591 of 5668
          id: ital-8919
      author: Colegrove, Patrick Tod
       title: Editorial Thoughts: Rise of the Innovation Commons
        date: 2015-09-21
       words: 1670
      flesch: 8
     summary: Indeed,  the   rapid  and  widespread  adoption  of  the  Internet  has  enabled  entire  topologies  of  information   to  change  –  morphing  from  ponderous  print  tomes  into  digital  databases,  effectively  escaping   the  walls  of  libraries  and  archives  altogether.1   In  reflection  of  end-­‐users’  growing  preference  for  easily  accessible  digital  materials,  libraries   have  responded  with  the  creation  of  new  spaces  and  services.   2   That  the  practice  of  libraries  and  librarianship  is  changing  is  an  understatement. 
    keywords: commons; library
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        item: #5592 of 5668
          id: ital-8923
      author: Kuglitsch, Rebecca Zuege; Tingle, Natalia; Watkins, Alexander
       title: Facilitating Research Consultations Using Cloud Services: Experiences, Preferences, and Best Practices
        date: 2017-03-31
       words: 2859
      flesch: 44
     summary: Students using the calendar indicated that it was not more intimidating than emailing a librarian, and by removing the waiting period for a response, a calendar can prevent student distraction or students persuading themselves that they actually do not need help in the interim. It seems more useful and immediate.” We kept track of how many students who made calendar appointments over two semesters kept them, and sent a short, informal survey to students who made appointments.
    keywords: appointment; calendar; students
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        item: #5593 of 5668
          id: ital-8924
      author: Tighe, Ruth L.
       title: Guest Editorial: Hoist by Their Own Petard
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 451
      flesch: 55
     summary: Whether one interprets information to be the book, and discusses its transfer in terms of acquisitions, circulation, and interlibrary loan, or one interprets information to be datum, and discusses transfer in terms of access, retrieval, and transfer, the fact remains that information transfer is the area of concern of the information profession. Librarians-information scientists-have always been concerned with the transfer of information.
    keywords: information
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        item: #5594 of 5668
          id: ital-8925
      author: Veaner, Allen B.
       title: Institutional Political and Fiscal Factors In the Development of Library Automation, 1967-71.
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 9629
      flesch: 45
     summary: During the boom years when computer facilities were expanding fast- er than the supply of competent staff, elitism seemed fairly common in the computer center. The computer, on the other hand, is a relentless accounting engine; computer facilities can produce endless statistics on the number of jobs run, lines printed, ter- minal hours provided to users, turnaround time, cards punched, etc.
    keywords: academic; administrative; automation; computer; computing; development; facility; libraries; library; services; systems; university
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        item: #5595 of 5668
          id: ital-8926
      author: Butler, Brett
       title: Automatic Format Recognition of MARC Bibliographic Elements: A Review and Projection
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 5907
      flesch: 71
     summary: Languages R R Title of Book R I 4ll+v Volume R I 440 Series, Title R R
    keywords: field; format; input; r r; subject; title
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        item: #5596 of 5668
          id: ital-8927
      author: Board of Directors, ISAD
       title: Highlights of ISAD Board Meeting
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 5783
      flesch: 63
     summary: Hammer presented a proposal for establishing on a subscription basis a Selective Dissemination of Information system for ALA members (see Exhibit 1). BASIS A SELECTIVE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ALA MEMBERS The original proposal for an SDI system was intended for ISAD members only, but interest has grown at ALA Headqua1ters to the extent that it is being considered as a service to be provided for all ALA members.
    keywords: ala; board; committee; isad; library; marbi
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        item: #5597 of 5668
          id: ital-8928
      author: Martin, Susan K.
       title: Technical Communications
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 5865
      flesch: 60
     summary: Any errors detected in LC MARC records are to be reported to LC for correction. CLR is prepared to commit one staff member full time to the project who is well versed in the machine handling of MARC serials records.
    keywords: data; library; marc; national; serials
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        item: #5598 of 5668
          id: ital-8929
      author: Bewley, Lois M.; Simmons, Peter
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1974-03-01
       words: 1078
      flesch: 58
     summary: The experienced li- brarian, on the other hand, will not be pleased to learn that many libraries with computer systems have given up the Li- brary of Congress [filing] system for Mel Mac and have placed Mac in order between Mab and Mad, and Me between Mb and Md. Nor will anyone associated with libraries be pleased to discover that computer centers not only can, but fre- quently do, lose information. The librarian who is already involved in automated systems will not need this book; the librarian who wishes to learn about automation and the systems analyst who needs to understand library systems will do well to read other sources in addi- tion to this one.
    keywords: book; library
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        item: #5599 of 5668
          id: ital-8930
      author: Ullah, Asim; Khusro, Shah; Ullah, Irfan
       title: Bibliographic Classification in the Digital Age: Current Trends & Future Directions
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 11954
      flesch: 39
     summary: Ranganathan's layers of classification theory and the FASDA model of classification. Thelwall, M. (2009). Today several classification schemes are in use ranging from conventional classification schemes including Library of Congress Classification (LCC), Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), Colon Classification (CC), and Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) to classification for digital environments including Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) digital library1, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE) digital library2, and Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) cooperative catalogue3.
    keywords: bibliographic; bibliographic classification; classification; ddc; digital; faceted; information; lcc; library; search; udc; ü ü
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        item: #5600 of 5668
          id: ital-8931
      author: Martin, Susan K.
       title: Who Will Steer the Ship?
        date: 1974-06-01
       words: 771
      flesch: 55
     summary: Third, it seems important when determining issues (ad hoc standards for local input of MARC-like monograph and serials records) which are of long- range concern to many libraries, that it is particularly important not to bias a development effort toward the needs of one type of library. Informal communication had it that this group of library automation ex- perts originally was to devise a standardized subset of the MARC mono- graph format; however, a full year passed without public announcement of this work.
    keywords: library
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        item: #5601 of 5668
          id: ital-8932
      author: Arms, W. Y.; Walter, T. P.
       title: A Simulation Model for Purchasing Duplicate Copies in a Library
        date: 1974-06-01
       words: 4060
      flesch: 64
     summary: At Sussex some books are designated short term loan and can be borrowed for up to four days only; the remainder are long term loan books and can be borrowed for up to six weeks. At Sussex some books are designated short term loan and can be borrowed for up to four days only; the remainder are long term loan books and can be borrowed for up to six weeks.
    keywords: book; demand; library
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        item: #5602 of 5668
          id: ital-8933
      author: Harp, Vivian; Heard, Gertrude
       title: Automated Periodicals System at a Community College Library
        date: 1974-06-01
       words: 4740
      flesch: 71
     summary: For each subscription, bibliographic and order information and MVCC holdings were entered on a three-by-five-inch history card; on the verso were records for each renewal of purchase order number, subscription length, cost, and subscription dates. The cost, purchase order number, and problem explanation were available by merely flipping the printout pages to the title in question on the master list.
    keywords: library; order; purchase; renewal; subscription; system
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        item: #5603 of 5668
          id: ital-8934
      author: Bookstein, Abraham
       title: A Hybrid Access Method for Bibliographic Records
        date: 1974-06-01
       words: 3463
      flesch: 66
     summary: We shall concentrate on two approaches that have received much attention-the use 98 I ottrnal of Library Automation Vol. 7/2 June 197 4 of a truncated search key, referred to simply as search key, and the use of Boolean expressions of key words from the title. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we propose a technique for entering a bibliographic data base that retains the simplicity of search keys while also including some of the flexibility that Boolean expressions of key words have for uniquely defining an item.
    keywords: file; key; search; words
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        item: #5604 of 5668
          id: ital-8935
      author: Fokker, Dirk W.; Lynch, Michael F.
       title: Application of the Variety-Generator Approach to Searches of Personal Names in Bibliographic Data Bases--Part 1. Microstructure of Personal Authors' Names
        date: 1974-06-01
       words: 4971
      flesch: 64
     summary: The problem of variations in name length, as well as the very dif- ferent distributions of the characters at these positions, were not encourag- ing, and instead the production of key-sets from the last letter of the sur- 1 .99 .98 .97 .96 .95 .94 .93 Hr .92 .91 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 0 20 40 60 80 100 Total number of keys for the front of surnames Fig. 3. Increase in relative entropy with increase in key-set size; keys generated from 50,000 surnames 114 J oumal of Library Automation Vol. 7/2 June 1974 name was investigated, and proved much more ath·active, since it is largely independent of surname length.
    keywords: data; key; keys; names; set
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        item: #5605 of 5668
          id: ital-8936
      author: Avram, Henriette D.
       title: The Library of Congress View on Its Relation to the ALA MARC Advisory Committee
        date: 1974-06-01
       words: 2598
      flesch: 62
     summary: Prior to a discussion of MARC changes, it appears appropriate to make certain basic statements regarding MARC changes and the difficulties ex- perienced by the MARC Development Office in evaluating the significance of a change for the MARC subscriber. Changes made to MARC records may be divided into the following cate- gories: Category 1: Changes resulting from a change in cataloging rules or sys- tems.
    keywords: change; marc
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        item: #5606 of 5668
          id: ital-8937
      author: on Technical Standards for Library Automation, Committee
       title: Standards for Library Automation and ISAD's Committee on Technical Standards for Library Automation (TESLA)
        date: 1974-06-01
       words: 3908
      flesch: 49
     summary: Therefore, in the following are very brief recapitulations of the more relevant or- ganizations impacting library automation standards. Please note that the outline is designed to enable standards proposals to be written following a generalized format which will facilitate their review.
    keywords: ansi; automation; data; library; national; standards; tesla
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        item: #5607 of 5668
          id: ital-8945
      author: Martin, Susan K.
       title: Technical Communications
        date: 1974-06-01
       words: 5597
      flesch: 51
     summary: As coverage is extended to catalog records for foreign-language monographs and for other forms of material, libraries will be able to obtain machine records for a large number of their current titles. 2. Development of format recognition, a computer program which can pro- cess unedited catalog records and supply all the necessary content des- ignators required for the full MARC record.
    keywords: catalog; computer; data; information; libraries; library; project; records; state; system
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        item: #5608 of 5668
          id: ital-8946
      author: Shank, Russell; Lancaster, F. W.; Simmons, Peter; Overmyer, LaVahn
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1974-06-01
       words: 2216
      flesch: 54
     summary: For example, there are seven behavioral objectives in the unit on Computer Technology, of which the first four are: 1) the student will be able to discuss the two-fold requirement to repre- sent data by codes and data structures for purposes of machine manipulation, 2) the student will be able to identify the basic components of computer systems and de- scribe their purposes, 3) the student will be able to differentiate hardware and soft- ware and describe briefly the part that programming plays in the overall com- puter processing operation, 4) the student will be able to define the various modes of computer operation and indicate the utility of each in library operations. Elsewhere the author indicates that his emphasis is on software technology of information systems and that the book is intended to bridge the communications gap among information users, librarians and data processors.
    keywords: information; library; systems
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        item: #5609 of 5668
          id: ital-8947
      author: Malinconico, S. Michael
       title: The LC/MARC Record As a National Standard
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 628
      flesch: 51
     summary: The LC/MARC Record As a National Standard 159 The desire to promote exchange of bibliographic data has given rise to a rather cacophonous debate concerning MARC as a standard, and the definition of a MARC compatible record. It might safely be said that in the most common use of a MARC record-card production-scarcely more than the paragraph distinctions on an LC card are really necessary.
    keywords: record
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        item: #5610 of 5668
          id: ital-8948
      author: Avram, Henriette D.; Rather, Lucia J.
       title: Principles of Format Design
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 2748
      flesch: 55
     summary: There may be more than one indicator per data field. The content of the fixed field can actually be data content, or a code representing data content, or a code representing information about the record.
    keywords: content; data; format
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        item: #5611 of 5668
          id: ital-8949
      author: Goossens, Paula
       title: Techniques for Special Processing of Data within Bibliographic Text
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 6102
      flesch: 61
     summary: To reduce the remaining limitations, some approaches similar to those elabo- rated in field level systems are supplied. Because in most subfield level systems the number of different fields is much higher than in field level systems, the duplication method becomes more intricate.
    keywords: bibliographic; field; filing; marc; special; systems; techniques
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        item: #5612 of 5668
          id: ital-8950
      author: Bowden, Virginia M.; Miller, Ruby B.
       title: MARCIVE: A Cooperative Automated Library System
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 7529
      flesch: 71
     summary: 3. Full-Edit listing from the EDIT program showing the input, keypunched data, data in MARCIVE file format, data in catalog card format, and tracings. lists every title processed in the following forms: the input data, the data as retained in the MARCIVE file, the data in catalog card format, and the tracings (Figure 3) .
    keywords: card; catalog; data; library; marcive; program; system; title
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        item: #5613 of 5668
          id: ital-8951
      author: Fokker, Dirk W.; Lynch, Michael F.
       title: Application of the Variety-Generator Approach to Searches of Personal Names in Bibliographic Data Bases--Part 2. Optimization of Key-Sets, and Evaluation of Their Retrieval Efficiency
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 5461
      flesch: 66
     summary: Keys consisting of variable-length chamcter strings from the front and rear of surnames, derived by analysis of author names in a particular data base, am used to provide approximate representations of author names. When combined in appropriate mtios, and used together with keys for each of the first two initials of personal names, they provide a high degme of discrimination in search.
    keywords: file; key; keys; names; set; sets
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        item: #5614 of 5668
          id: ital-8952
      author: Hammer, Donald P.
       title: Highlights of ISAD Board Meeting
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 5100
      flesch: 62
     summary: Mr. Hammer informed the Board that Peter Watson had talked with him about ASIDIC liaison, and they had concluded that ASIDIC is primarily interested in having an observer at ISAD Board meetings. ISAD Board members indicated an interest in and a need for a service of this nature, but reflected a hesitancy regarding the sensitivity of the issue.
    keywords: ala; board; committee; isad; kilgour
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        item: #5615 of 5668
          id: ital-8953
      author: Bosseau, Don L.
       title: Technical Communications
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 8086
      flesch: 56
     summary: ANNOUNCEMENTS Resolution WHEREAS, the American Library As- sociation is the chief advocate for librari- ans and laymen seeking to provide citizens of the United States with the highest quality library and information service, and WHEREAS, a major effort will be re- quired of this Association and of all sup- porters of libraries in the next few years as the country's leaders determine long- range national positions in such matters as copyright, intellectual freedom, federal support of libraries, and a national plan for libraries and information services, and WHEREAS, the effectiveness of this effort will depend on the concerted effort of all those concerned with library service, including library users, citizens groups, government officials and librarians them- selves from all aspects and ranks of the profession; THEREFORE LET IT BE RESOLVED that all the committees, chapters and di- visions of the American Library Associa- tion take definite steps to increase mutual efforts within the Association and with other associations seeking ways to strength- en the common effort toward the provision of quality library service to all people. SAL/NET-Satellite Libmry Information Network This project is designed to experiment in the extension of library services to sparsely populated regions of the Rocky Mountain and northern plains states.
    keywords: computer; data; information; library; light; new; program; service; standards; system; technical; university
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        item: #5616 of 5668
          id: ital-8954
      author: Simmons, Peter; Roberts, Justine; Piternick, George; Snowball, George J.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1974-09-01
       words: 2003
      flesch: 57
     summary: The twenty-nine papers published here are presented under six headings, each representing an area of librarianship in which Dr. Shera has been a major in- fluence: philosophy of librarianship, li- brary history, reference work in the li- brary, documentation, the academic li- brary, and library education. An appendix devoted to an in-depth study of education for library manage- ment concludes that: in Britain and, to a lesser extent, the United States this aspect of library education needs considerable strengthening; games such as that de- scribed are most suited to specialized courses for experienced librarians but there is a place for similar ones in first- level courses; and a larger proportion of the profession needs to comprehend the concepts put forward in this and other studies before better management tech- niques will be applied to libraries.
    keywords: information; library; system
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        item: #5617 of 5668
          id: ital-8955
      author: Martin, Susan K.
       title: Buyer Be Wary!
        date: 1974-12-01
       words: 746
      flesch: 53
     summary: There are several reliable paths: ( 1) be aware of and alert to the possibilities of misleading claims and misrepresentation; ( 2) follow up a sales pitch with a few phone calls to those institutions that are described to be using the product or about to sign the contract; ( 3) maintain a reasonable amount of resistance to the sales talk; ( 4) use the library profession's invisible col- lege to determine the validity of the claims and the experiences that oth- ers have had with the firm; and ( 5) support the attempts of our profes- sional societies, such as ALA and ASIS, to require organizations to main- tain certain advertising standards. Most approaches fall into one of the following categories: ( 1) misleading advertising, with unclear statements and imprecise use of vocabulary; ( 2) claims that one, or several, or many other libraries are using the product with satisfac- tion (when this indeed is not the case); ( 3) specific statements that a large and prestigious library is about to sign a contract for servic~s or products (although investigation will reveal no such intention); ( 4) lists of experts in the field who are presumed to be associated with the company in an ad- visory or consultant role (but who are unaware of this use of their names); and ( 5) approaches to federal, state, or local agencies to appeal 248 Journal of Library Automation Vol.
    keywords: advertising
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        item: #5618 of 5668
          id: ital-8957
      author: Saffady, William
       title: A Computer Output Microfilm Serials List for Patron Use
        date: 1974-12-01
       words: 1506
      flesch: 49
     summary: As Ballou notes, discussions of COM have tended to concentrate more on the computer than on micrographics, but for a patron-use COM appli- cation the selection of an appropriate microformat is of the greatest im- portance.5 However, there has been an unfortunate emphasis placed, both in the literature of micrographics and by vendors, on microfiche, the for- mat now dominating the industry, especially in COM applications. 263 Library literature generally assumes that COM is bette1· suited to staff rath- er than patron use applications.
    keywords: com; library; use
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        item: #5619 of 5668
          id: ital-8958
      author: Clark, Alice S.
       title: Subject Access to a Data Base of Library Holdings
        date: 1974-12-01
       words: 3114
      flesch: 62
     summary: When the user types in PG2 or PG3, more titles will come up, and if more than thirty titles are desired, the original command can be reentered with a /SKIP 30 option to display others including all 757 titles if necessary. The circu- lation clerk at any location either in the main library or in any department library could search the author and title and find: ( 1) if the OSU Li- braries had the book; ( 2) where it was regularly housed; and ( 3) its status (charged out, missing, lost, or available for circulation).
    keywords: evolution; library; number; titles
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        item: #5620 of 5668
          id: ital-8959
      author: Herling, J. P.; Beeler, M. G. Fancher; Reisman, A.; Dean, B. V.
       title: Improved Delivery of Library Materials: The Cleveland Experience
        date: 1974-12-01
       words: 3962
      flesch: 62
     summary: CONCLUSION Despite its imperfections, the project discussed here has convinced us that the approach and methodology are of value to the library community, not only in application to library delivery systems but also in application to a multitude of library service problems, particularly those involving sev- eral libraries or library systems, albeit because of changes in top adminis- trative positions within the key library systems the results of this study are still awaiting implementation. It has a formal (contractual, political, administrative, etc.) or an in- formal agreement with other nodes and/or library systems.
    keywords: cleveland; delivery; libraries; library; system
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        item: #5621 of 5668
          id: ital-8960
      author: Zimmerman, R. G. J.
       title: A Computer-Accessed Microfiche Library
        date: 1974-12-01
       words: 6775
      flesch: 66
     summary: 2. Picture File Organization, Picture records consist of a fixed- and a variable-length portion. To do this the upper and lower limits of the specified values of each such parameter are found (from the values table), and from this the expected number of picture records to be compared is computed.
    keywords: file; information; parameter; picture; search; user
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        item: #5622 of 5668
          id: ital-8961
      author: King, Donald R.
       title: The Binary Vector as the Basis of an Inverted Index File
        date: 1974-12-01
       words: 3484
      flesch: 66
     summary: Msr = D · I · K where: ( binary vector file) (standard inverted file) M = Storage requirements in bytes D = Number of documents in the system As an example, assume the following document descriptions are presented to a system using binary vectors: Document Number 1 2 3 Subject Headings A,B,D C,E A,
    keywords: binary; file; vector
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        item: #5623 of 5668
          id: ital-8962
      author: Bosseau, Don L.
       title: Technical Communications
        date: 1974-12-01
       words: 4893
      flesch: 53
     summary: A direct out- growth of the Cooperative Bibliographic Center for Indiana Libraries ( CoBiCIL) Feasibility Study Project sponsored by the Indiana State Library and directed by Mrs. Barbara Evans Markuson, InCoLSA has been organized as an independent not-for-profit organization to encourage the development and improvement of all types of library service. The ISAD Committee on Technical Stan- dards for Library Automation Invites Your Participation in the Standards Game Editor's Note: The TESLA Reactor Bal- lot will be provided in f01'thcoming is- sues.
    keywords: data; information; library; marbi; proposal; standards; system
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        item: #5624 of 5668
          id: ital-8963
      author: Bottle, R. T.; Rothstein, Samuel; Kershner, Lois M.; Brown, Jack E.; Atherton, Pauline A.; Parker, Patricia E.
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 1974-12-01
       words: 3444
      flesch: 58
     summary: For each country there is a de- tailed account of the national information system now existing, with a brief outline of its antecedents, a directory of informa- tion or documentation centers, a list of serials published by these centers, and a bibliography of recent papers dealing with the development of information systems in that country. The authors point out that the six coun- tries being examined have experimented intensely with organizational variants of national science information systems.
    keywords: australian; book; data; information; library
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        item: #5625 of 5668
          id: ital-8965
      author: Brett, Kelsey Renee; Lierman, Ashley; Turner, Cherie
       title: Lessons Learned: A Primo Usability Study
        date: 2016-04-01
       words: 6191
      flesch: 52
     summary: Facets in Live Site and Development Sandbox at Time of Testing Both groups were happy with the changes to the Primo development sandbox but wanted to test the effect of the changes on user search behavior before updating the live site. In other cases, users had difficulty interpreting locations and holdings information for physical items.19 Among the needs and desires expressed by and for Primo users in the literature, two in particular stand out.
    keywords: discovery; primo; search; task; usability; users
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        item: #5626 of 5668
          id: ital-8966
      author: Dowling, Thomas
       title: President's Message
        date: 2015-09-21
       words: 474
      flesch: 50
     summary: I  hope  to  meet  as  many  LITA  members  as  possible  this  year,  at  one  of  the  upcoming  in-­‐person   meetings  or  online,  or  just  drop  me  a  line  on  Connect.    It’s  going  to  be  a  great  year  for  LITA.     Thomas  Dowling  (dowlintp@wfu.edu)  is  LITA  President  2015-­‐16  and  Director  of  Technologies,   Z.  Smith  Reynolds  Library,  Wake  Forest  University,  Winston-­‐Salem,  North  Carolina.    
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5627 of 5668
          id: ital-8967
      author: Cyzyk, Mark
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Information Technology and Libraries: Anxiety and Exhilaration
        date: 2015-09-21
       words: 621
      flesch: 48
     summary:   While  these  surprise  events  were  happening,  we  also  switched  source  code  management   systems,  so  a  migration  was  in  order  there,  my  longingly-­‐awaited  new  workstation  came  in   (and  I'm  sure  you  all  know  how  painstaking  it  is  to  migrate  all  idiosyncratic   data/apps/settings  to  a  new  workstation  and  ensure  it's  all  present,  functioning,  and  secure   before  DBAN-­‐nuking  your  old  drives),  we  decommissioned  a  central  service  that  had  been  in     Mark  Cyzyk  (mcyzyk@jhu.edu)  a  member  of  the  ITAL  Editorial  Board,  happily  works  and   ages  in  The  Sheridan  Libraries,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Maryland,  USA.     INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  IN  LIBRARIES:  ANXIETY  AND  EXHILARATION  |  CYZYK       doi:  10.6017/ital.v34i3.8967   7   production  since  2006,  we  fully  upgraded  our  Wordpress  Multisite  including  all  plugins  and   themes,  fixing  what  broke  in  the  upgrade,  and  I  got  into  the  groove  of  working  on  any  and  all   trouble  tickets/change  requests  that  spontaneously  appeared,  popping  up  like  mushrooms  in   the  verdant  vale  of  my  worklife.   Microsoft Word - September_ITAL_Cyzyk_final.docx Editorial Board Thoughts: Information Technology in Libraries: Anxiety and Exhilaration Mark Cyzyk   INFORMATION  TECHNOLOGY  AND  LIBRARIES  |  SEPTEMBER  2015               6   A  few  weeks  ago  a  valued  colleague  left  our  library  to  move  his  young  family  back  home  to   Pittsburgh.    Insofar  as  we  were  a  two-­‐man  department,  I  spent  the  weeks  following  the   announcement  of  his  imminent  departure  picking  his  brain  about  various  projects,  their   codebases,  potential  rough  spots,  existing  trouble  tickets,  etc.   
    keywords: code
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        item: #5628 of 5668
          id: ital-9098
      author: Terrell, Heather B.
       title: Reference is Dead, Long Live Reference: Electronic Collections in the Digital Age
        date: 2015-12-22
       words: 3673
      flesch: 49
     summary: The expectation for print reference collections is that they are comprised of high-use materials—the very reason for their designation as noncirculating items is ostensibly so that materials are available for on-demand access by both patrons and staff, who use them frequently. Certain objections to removing print reference collections to closed stacks and using the newly freed public space to build a cooperative learning commons, for instance, tend to devolve into hysterics about the potentiality of libraries becoming “no better than a Starbucks.”
    keywords: collections; information; library; print; reference
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        item: #5629 of 5668
          id: ital-9150
      author: Dowling, Thomas
       title: President's Message
        date: 2015-12-22
       words: 478
      flesch: 57
     summary: But we know many members cannot regularly travel to national meetings, and even the best online experience can lack the serendipitous benefits that so often come from face-to-face meetings. The new LITA Local Task Force will be responsible for creating a toolkit to facilitate local groups’ ability to host events, including information on event planning, accessibility, and ensuring an inclusive culture at meetings.
    keywords: lita
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        item: #5630 of 5668
          id: ital-9151
      author: Varnum, Kenneth J.
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Library Analytics and Patron Privacy
        date: 2015-12-22
       words: 1051
      flesch: 41
     summary: We are at a point in time when we have the potential to leverage wide swathes of user data. It is hard to argue that improving services, focusing on actual needs, and maintaining funding are in any way improper goals.
    keywords: library; services
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        item: #5631 of 5668
          id: ital-9152
      author: Wu, Annie; Thompson, Santi; Vacek, Rachel; Watkins, Sean; Weidner, Andy
       title: Hitting the Road towards a Greater Digital Destination: Evaluating and Testing DAMS at the University of Houston Libraries
        date: 2016-06-30
       words: 4801
      flesch: 36
     summary: This article focuses on the task force’s DAMS selection activities: needs assessment, systems evaluation, and systems testing. The long-term return on investment for this path will be a highly skilled technical staff with the ability to maintain and customize an open-source, standards-based repository architecture that can be expanded to support other UH Libraries content such as geospatial data, research data, and institutional repository materials.
    keywords: dams; digital; evaluation; libraries; system; testing
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        item: #5632 of 5668
          id: ital-9182
      author: Hardesty, Juliet L.
       title: Transitioning from XML to RDF: Considerations for an effective move towards Linked Data and the Semantic Web
        date: 2016-04-01
       words: 6279
      flesch: 46
     summary: Since there are three parts to RDF statements, they are referred to as triples. What that reformatting also encompasses, however, is a review of the information expressed in XML and a set of decisions as to how to express that information as RDF statements.
    keywords: digital; fedora; metadata; ontology; rdf; statements; xml
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        item: #5633 of 5668
          id: ital-9190
      author: Trapido, Irina
       title: Library Discovery Products: Discovering User Expectations through Failure Analysis
        date: 2016-09-30
       words: 7636
      flesch: 41
     summary: These features, many of which have become deeply embedded into user search processes elsewhere on the web, could prevent or alleviate a substantial number of issues related to problematic user queries (misspellings, typographical errors, imprecise queries, etc.), enable more efficient recovery from errors by guiding users to improved results, and facilitate discovery of foreign-language materials. They rely on relevance ranking and are often reluctant to examine search results in any depth: if the desired item does not appear within the first few hits, users tend to rework their initial search statement (often with only a minimal change to the search terms) rather than scrolling down to the bottom of the results screen or looking beyond the first page of results.
    keywords: analysis; author; discovery; information; library; queries; search; searches; searching; user
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        item: #5634 of 5668
          id: ital-9255
      author: Yeh, Shea-Tinn; Walter, Zhiping
       title: Critical Success Factors for Integrated Library System Implementation in Academic Libraries: A Qualitative Study
        date: 2016-09-30
       words: 6845
      flesch: 46
     summary: LSPs, the current generation of library management systems, are designed to manage both physical and digital collections. A literature review of CSFs for ERP system implementation success revealed more than ninety CSF factors.11, 12 The contribution of our research is in identifying, through qualitative research method, the most salient CSFs that contribute to the success of a library system migration project from one generation of ILS to another.
    keywords: case; implementation; libraries; library; management; project; staff; success; system
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        item: #5635 of 5668
          id: ital-9268
      author: Dehmlow, Mark
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: The Importance of Staff Change Management in the Face of the Growing “Cloud”
        date: 2016-04-01
       words: 1850
      flesch: 52
     summary: Our approach to staff change is layered as well as long term. Envisioning the Future: Improvements and Roles — One of the initial benefits we will be getting from recouping staff time is around shoring up our processes.
    keywords: change; staff
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        item: #5636 of 5668
          id: ital-9343
      author: Johnson, Tanya M.
       title: Let's Get Virtual: An Examination of Best Practices to Provide Public Access to Digital Versions of Three-Dimensional Objects
        date: 2016-06-30
       words: 7309
      flesch: 39
     summary: Digital technologies work best when they enable people who feel connected to museum objects to have the freedom to deepen these Tanya M. Johnson (tmjohnso@gmail.com), a recent MLIS degree graduate from the School of Communication & Information, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is winner of the 2016 LITA/Ex Libris Student Writing Award. However, it is only recently, with the advent of newer technological mechanisms, that such objects could be shared with the public on a larger scale.
    keywords: access; digital; dimensional; dimensional objects; information; museum; objects; public; website
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        item: #5637 of 5668
          id: ital-9446
      author: Biswas, Paromita; Marchesoni, Joel
       title: Analyzing Digital Collections Entrances: What Gets Used and Why It Matters
        date: 2016-12-30
       words: 5457
      flesch: 37
     summary: The authors argue that such data evaluation is important because it can better inform decisions taken to build collections that will attract users and serve their needs. As Herold, who traced the second largest group of users of the Orang Asli digital image archive to Malaysia notes, the geographic base of a collection’s users can be indicative of the popularity of a subject area.22 Likewise, Matusiak asserts that users’ comments can be indicative of the relevance of collections to users’ needs and provide direction for the future development of digital collections.23 As neither the Craft Revival, Cherokee Traditions, nor Horace Kephart collection includes items that relate specifically to the university’s history—unlike other institution-specific collections mentioned earlier—it is possible collection users may be more representative of the larger public than the university.
    keywords: cherokee; collections; data; digital; library; referrals
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        item: #5638 of 5668
          id: ital-9462
      author: Gerrity, Robert
       title: Editor's Comments: Odds and Ends
        date: 2016-06-30
       words: 1445
      flesch: 34
     summary: From the point of view of a university librarian, focused on keeping journal subscription costs in line (unsuccessfully I might add), I think there is real danger in not considering what a flip to a gold model might look like. Underpinning the proposal was a 2015 paper from the Max Planck Digital Library that suggested that the amount of money currently being spent (largely by libraries) on journal subscriptions should be sufficient to fund research publication costs if applied to a “flipped” journal publishing business model, from subscription-based to gold open access.1 In the Netherlands, the university sector has adopted a national approach in negotiating deals with several major publishers (Springer, SAGE, Elsevier, and Wiley) that allow Dutch authors to publish their papers as gold OA, without additional charges (but, depending on the publisher, with limits on total numbers and/or which journals are available within the deals).2 The so-called “Dutch Deal” by the VSNU (Association of universities in the Netherlands) and UKB (Dutch Consortium of University Libraries and Royal Library) takes a national approach to flipping the model, attempting to bundle access rights for Dutch readers with APC credits for Dutch authors.
    keywords: access; open
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        item: #5639 of 5668
          id: ital-9469
      author: Oud, Joanne
       title: Accessibility of Vendor-Created Database Tutorials for People with Disabilities
        date: 2016-12-30
       words: 4668
      flesch: 43
     summary: Findings on accessibility were mixed. Positive accessibility features and common accessibility problems are described, with recommendations on how to maximize accessibility.
    keywords: accessibility; disabilities; people; tutorials; vendors
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        item: #5640 of 5668
          id: ital-9474
      author: Rubel, Dejah Thoris
       title: Picture Perfect: Using Photographic Previews to Enhance Realia Collections for Library Patrons and Staff
        date: 2017-06-28
       words: 3745
      flesch: 49
     summary: Innovative's Media Management module is still unique among ILS/LMS software in that most vendors either provide a separate digital repository for special collections digital surrogates or they incorporate images into the catalog using third party software like Syndetic SolutionsTM. ”15 As Moeller describes, Innovative’s Media Management module links images and many other file types directly to bibliographic records without requiring users to click an additional link unless they want to view a larger image of a thumbnail.16 Similar to Butler and Kvenild’s project, all of our photos were 900 pixels wide by 600 pixels tall, which is slightly smaller than their default width of 1000 pixels.17 One advantage of using the Media Management module is its ability to automatically create thumbnails 185 pixels wide by 85 pixels tall.
    keywords: catalog; collection; images; photographic; previews
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        item: #5641 of 5668
          id: ital-9526
      author: Fifarek, Aimee
       title: President's Column: Reflections on LITA's Past and Future
        date: 2016-09-30
       words: 1085
      flesch: 54
     summary: By the time of LITA’s founding at the 1966 Midwinter Meeting in Chicago, library automation had been in development for over a decade.3 MARC was just being invented, with the first tapes from the Library of Congress scheduled to go to the sixteen pilot libraries later that year. I am proud to be at the head of LITA as it begins to celebrate its 50th Anniversary year.
    keywords: lita; technology
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        item: #5642 of 5668
          id: ital-9527
      author: Morton-Owens, Emily
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Requiring and Demonstrating Technical Skills for Library Employment
        date: 2016-09-30
       words: 1205
      flesch: 42
     summary: Halperin problematized the expense of the MLS credential in comparison to the qualifications actually required by library technology jobs and the salaries offered for technical versus nontechnical work. While it may be helpful to express requirements better to encourage applicants to see more clearly whether they should respond to a posting, this is a small part of the question of preparing new MLS grads for library technology jobs.
    keywords: experience; library
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        item: #5643 of 5668
          id: ital-9540
      author: Maceli, Monica; Burke, John J
       title: Technology Skills in the Workplace: Information Professionals’ Current Use and Future Aspirations
        date: 2016-12-30
       words: 7504
      flesch: 36
     summary: This paper presents the results of a survey of the technologies used by library and information science practitioners, with attention to the combinations of technologies employed and the technology skills that practitioners wish to learn. INTRODUCTION Over the past several decades, technology has rapidly moved from a specialized set of tools to an indispensable element of the library and information science (LIS) workplace, and today it is woven throughout all aspects of librarianship and the information professions.
    keywords: information; library; respondents; skills; technologies; technology; use
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        item: #5644 of 5668
          id: ital-9585
      author: Buljung, Brianna B.; Johnson, Catherine R.
       title: Up Against the Clock: Migrating to LibGuides v2 on a Tight Timeline
        date: 2017-06-28
       words: 7162
      flesch: 55
     summary: Required before migration: Due Date Task Check when Complete 26 October 2015 Review attached report of guides that have not been updated in the last year. The LibGuides tab was also updated to provide a drop down list of all the guides and a link to browse by guide owner, subject or type of guide.
    keywords: libanswers; libguides; library; list; migration; team; timeline
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        item: #5645 of 5668
          id: ital-9595
      author: Chu, Kuo-Chung; Lu, Hsin-Ke; Liu, Wen-I
       title: Identifying Emerging Relationship in Healthcare Domain Journals via Citation Network Analysis
        date: 2018-03-19
       words: 4250
      flesch: 52
     summary: Many other methods originate from citation analysis, including document co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling,5 author co- citation analysis,6 and co-word analysis.7 There are levels of co-citation analysis: document, author, and journal. Intensive Care Med, BMJ 2 21 24 BMJ, N Engl J Med, JAMA 3 20 25 N Engl J Med, JAMA, Lancet 3 20 26 JAMA, Med Care, Lancet 3 14 27 JAMA, Med Care, N Engl J Med 3 14 28 BMJ, JAMA, Lancet, N Engl J Med 4 14 The link of co-citation journals in three periods from 1852 to 2009 can be summarized as follows: (1) three journals were highly cited but were not in a co-citation relationship in 1852–1907 (see figure 7); (2) five clusters of the healthcare journals in co-citation relationships were found for the years 1908–61 (see figure 8); and (3) 1962–2009 had a distinct cluster of four journals within the healthcare domain (see figure 9).
    keywords: analysis; citation; domain; healthcare; journals
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        item: #5646 of 5668
          id: ital-9598
      author: Massicotte, Mia; Botter, Kathleen
       title: Reference Rot in the Repository: A Case Study of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) in an Academic Library
        date: 2017-03-31
       words: 6460
      flesch: 40
     summary: Due to the specialized nature of graduate-level research, ETDs frequently include links to resources on the open web, for example, personal blogs, project websites, and commercial entities. 76% (504 of 664) of ETDs contained one or more links, the highest number of links (5,946) falling into the Arts group.
    keywords: content; dissertations; drift; etds; links; study; theses; web
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        item: #5647 of 5668
          id: ital-9601
      author: Farnel, Sharon
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Metadata Training in Canadian Library Technician Programs
        date: 2016-12-30
       words: 1416
      flesch: 33
     summary: Microsoft Word - December_ITAL_farnell_final.docx Editorial Board Thoughts: Metadata Training in Canadian Library Technician Programs Sharon Farnel INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND LIBRARIES | DECEMBER 2016 3 The core metadata team at my institution is small but effective. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND LIBRARIES | DECEMBER 2016 5 Quebec ● John Abbott College (http://www.johnabbott.qc.ca/academics/career- programs/information-library-technologies/)
    keywords: college; metadata
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        item: #5648 of 5668
          id: ital-9602
      author: Fifarek, Aimee
       title: President's Message: Focus on Information Ethics
        date: 2016-12-30
       words: 737
      flesch: 42
     summary: Have you stopped to think what impact collecting, posting, sharing that information is going to have on the world around you? PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE | FIFAREK https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v35i4.9602 2 Changes brought about by the rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT) not only open tremendous opportunities to humankind but also pose unprecedented ethical challenges.
    keywords: information
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        item: #5649 of 5668
          id: ital-9655
      author: Jiao, Qun G.; Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J.
       title: The Impact of Information Technology on Library Anxiety: The Role of Computer Attitudes
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 5377
      flesch: 47
     summary: Similarly, Jerabek, Meyer, and Kordinak found levels of computer anxiety to be related to levels of library anxiety for both men and women. Thus, the inclusion of computer anxiety and computer confidence in the canonical correlation model strengthened the multivariate relationship between library anxiety and computer attitudes.
    keywords: anxiety; attitudes; computer; information; library; library anxiety; students
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        item: #5650 of 5668
          id: ital-9656
      author: Maloney, Krisellen; Bracke, Paul J.
       title: Beyond Information Architecture: A Systems Integration Approach to Web-site Design
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 6597
      flesch: 48
     summary: It is clear that library Web sites must undergo a fun- damental change in order to be responsive to the needs of the user. Because library Web sites appear to be similar to conventional Web sites, it is tempting to adopt a general approach to IA to address users' needs.
    keywords: content; library; site; systems; user; web; web site
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        item: #5651 of 5668
          id: ital-9657
      author: Vaughan, Jason
       title: Policies Governing Use of Computing Technology in Academic Libraries
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 8226
      flesch: 48
     summary: In some cases, library policies were not consolidated under a central page titled Policies and Procedures, or Guidelines, and, where they did appear, the context did not imply or state authoritatively that this was an official policy. Library policies can help address items unique, special, or otherwise worthy of elaboration, such as specific systems in place or situa- tions that may arise.
    keywords: computer; libraries; library; policies; policy; unlv; use; x x
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        item: #5652 of 5668
          id: ital-9658
      author: Yu, Holly; Young, Margo
       title: The Impact of Web Search Engines on Subject Searching in OPAC
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 6099
      flesch: 70
     summary: Van Pulis and Ludy reported that user searches were typically single words. Ironically, many of these techniques are now found in Web search engines.
    keywords: opac; percent; permission; search; searches; searching; subject; user; web
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        item: #5653 of 5668
          id: ital-9662
      author: Cornish, Alan
       title: Using a Native XML Database for Encoded Archival Description Search and Retrieval
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 4020
      flesch: 65
     summary: This paper provides some information on the EAD standard and on search and retrieval issues for EAD XML documents. Strengths and Weaknesses of the TextML Approach Each p roject has it s ow n specific n eed s; thu s, th ere is no correct approach to establishing searc h and retrieval for EAD XML documents.
    keywords: ead; finding; native; retrieval; search; xml
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        item: #5654 of 5668
          id: ital-9663
      author: Xia, Jingfeng
       title: Using GIS to Measure In-Library Book-Use Behavior
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 7227
      flesch: 71
     summary: One of the reasons for this seeming neglect comes from the belief that the records of library book s in circulation provide similar info rma tion as those of books used within libraries. cs of library books .
    keywords: books; bookshelf; data; gis; height; layers; libraries; library; use
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        item: #5655 of 5668
          id: ital-9664
      author: Northrup, Lori; Cherry, Ed; Darby, Della
       title: Using Server-Side Include Commands for Subject Web-Page Management: An Alternative to Database-Driven Technologies for the Smaller Academic Library
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 5660
      flesch: 67
     summary: For librar- ians, time spent in updating Web pages is greatly reduced; changes to text files on the server result in simultaneous changes to the edited resources across the library's Web site. The migration of print ed subject guides and p athfinders to Web pages began almost concurrently with th e creation of library Web sites.
    keywords: database; include; library; pages; server; ssi; subject; web
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        item: #5656 of 5668
          id: ital-9665
      author: Coyle, Karen
       title: Book Review: Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 2210
      flesch: 70
     summary: Throughout the book, Lessig points out the difference between copyright law and the actual market for works. If there were sufficient proof that free online copies of works increased sales of hard copies, this would quickly become the norm, regardless of the state of copyright law.
    keywords: copyright; law; lessig
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        item: #5657 of 5668
          id: ital-9718
      author: Fagan, Jody Condit
       title: An Evidence-Based Review of Academic Web Search Engines, 2014-2016: Implications for Librarians’ Practice and Research Agenda
        date: 2017-06-28
       words: 18198
      flesch: 49
     summary: • Using proper accent marks in the title when searching for non-English language items appears to be important. 18 Google Scholar’s blog notes that in January 2016, a change was made so “Scholar now automatically identifies queries that are likely to be looking for a specific paper” Technically speaking, “it tries hard to find the intended paper and a version that that particular user is able to read” https://scholar.googleblog.com/. AN EVIDENCE-BASED REVIEW OF ACADEMIC WEB SEARCH ENGINES, 2014-2016| FAGAN | https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v36i2.9718 32 • Finding full text for non-English journal articles may require searching Google Scholar in the original language. Even when 19 For example Ştirbu found that Google Scholar overlapped GeoRef by 57% and 62% (Ştirbu et al. 2015, 328), compared with a finding by Neuhaus in 2006 where Scholar overlapped with GeoRef by 26% (2006, 133).
    keywords: academic; academic web; articles; citations; coverage; engines; google books; google scholar; information; microsoft; research; review; science; search; web
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        item: #5658 of 5668
          id: ital-9720
      author: Rebmann, Kristen Radsliff; Te, Emmanuel Edward; Means, Donald
       title: TV Whites Spaces in Public Libraries: A Primer
        date: 2017-03-31
       words: 5108
      flesch: 31
     summary: TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2017 40 effective spectrum use by multiple parties with changing spectrum needs can alleviate pressure on these resources.39 TVWS for Public Libraries TVWS is a viable medium for applications from internet access, content distribution within a given location, tracking (people, animals, and assets), task automation, and public safety and security,40 as well as remote patient monitoring and other telemedicine applications.41 TVWS complements existing networks that use other parts of the spectrum for access points, mobile communications, and home media devices.42 Analyses of a recent digital inclusion survey suggest that technology upgrades can have significant impact on the ability of libraries to expand programs and services.43 As community anchor institutions (CAIs), public libraries can use TVWS systems to expand and improve access to their services for their users, especially for underserved populations. Next, a basic description of TVWS and its features is provided, focusing on key aspects of the technology relevant to libraries as community anchor institutions.
    keywords: access; digital; internet; libraries; public; public libraries; tvws; white
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        item: #5659 of 5668
          id: ital-9733
      author: Colegrove, Patrick Tod
       title: Editorial Board Thoughts: Arts into Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics – STEAM, Creative Abrasion, and the Opportunity in Libraries Today
        date: 2017-03-31
       words: 2826
      flesch: 39
     summary: Microsoft Word - 9733-16966-4-CE.docx Editorial Board Thoughts: Arts into Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics – STEAM, Creative Abrasion, and the Opportunity in Libraries Today Tod Colegrove INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2017 4 Over the millennia, man’s attempt to understand the universe has been an evolution from the broad to the sharply focused. Libraries have long been about the organization of, and access to, information resources.
    keywords: creative; innovation; libraries; library; science
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        item: #5660 of 5668
          id: ital-9750
      author: Abunadi, Ibrahim
       title: A Technology-Dependent Information Literacy Model within the Confines of a Limited Resources Environment
        date: 2018-12-17
       words: 7182
      flesch: 37
     summary: This has caused lack of student information literacy education, which is evident in the submission of student assignments. The purpose of this paper is to investigate information literacy as an increasingly evolving trend in computer education.
    keywords: face; information; information literacy; learning; literacy; model; online; students; study
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        item: #5661 of 5668
          id: ital-9808
      author: Fifarek, Aimee
       title: President's Message: For The Record
        date: 2017-03-31
       words: 1070
      flesch: 50
     summary: Although being LITA President bears absolutely no resemblance to being President of the United States, I have been thinking about this little imagining of mine a lot lately. Future LITA leaders are going to need to continue to be engaged at the larger organizational level if we are to be able to use LITA’s technological knowledge and expertise to support ALA’s efforts to maximize efficiency while minimizing costs.
    keywords: lita; president
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        item: #5662 of 5668
          id: ital-9817
      author: Pekala, Shayna
       title: Privacy and User Experience in 21st Century Library Discovery
        date: 2017-06-28
       words: 4596
      flesch: 32
     summary: JUNE 2017 48 ABSTRACT Over the last decade, libraries have taken advantage of emerging technologies to provide new discovery tools to help users find information and resources more efficiently. While users once relied on shelf-browsing and card catalogs to find library resources, libraries now provide access to a suite of online tools and interfaces that facilitate cross-collection searching and access to a wide range of materials.
    keywords: data; discovery; libraries; library; privacy; user
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        item: #5663 of 5668
          id: ital-9825
      author: Davis, Ann Marie Lynn
       title: Current Trends and Goals in the Development of Makerspaces at New England College and Research Libraries
        date: 2018-06-18
       words: 8360
      flesch: 52
     summary: The body of literature on library makerspaces is brief, descriptive, and often didactic. Born of a global community movement, makerspaces bring the do-it-yourself (DIY) approach to communities of tinkerers using technologies including 3D printers, robotics, metal- and woodworking, and arts and crafts.1 Building on this philosophy of shared discovery, public libraries have been creating free programs and open makerspaces since 2011.2 Given their potential for community engagement, college and research libraries (CRLs) have also been joining the movement in growing numbers.3 In recent years, makerspaces in CRLs have generated positive press in popular and academic journals.
    keywords: community; crls; lab; libraries; library; makerspace; respondents; survey
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        item: #5664 of 5668
          id: ital-9878
      author: Han, Yan; Wan, Xueheng
       title: Digitization of Text Documents Using PDF/A
        date: 2018-03-19
       words: 4345
      flesch: 34
     summary: AND LIBRARIES | MARCH 2018 64 REFERENCES 1 PDF-Tools.com and PDF Association, “PDF/A—The Standard for Long-Term Archiving,” version 2.4, white paper, May 20, 2009, http://www.pdf- tools.com/public/downloads/whitepapers/whitepaper-pdfa.pdf; Duff Johnson, “White Paper: How to Implement PDF/A,” Talking PDF, PDF/A was designed to address concerns about long-term preservation of PDF files, but there has been little research and few implementations of this file format.
    keywords: file; header; metadata; pdf; tiff
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        item: #5665 of 5668
          id: ital-9953
      author: Markland, Mary J.; Rempel, Hannah Gascho; Bridges, Laurie
       title: Mobile Website Use and Advanced Researchers: Understanding Library Users at a University Marine Sciences Branch Campus
        date: 2017-12-22
       words: 7233
      flesch: 44
     summary: The conversation about how best to design mobile library websites has shifted over the past decade. Branch campus–affiliated faculty, staff, and graduate students were invited to participate in a survey to determine what their research behaviors are via mobile devices, including frequency of their mobile library website use and the tasks they were attempting to complete.
    keywords: devices; library; mobile; percent; researchers; students; use; website
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        item: #5666 of 5668
          id: ital-9959
      author: Azadbakht, Elena; Blair, John; Jones, Lisa
       title: Everyone’s Invited: A Website Usability Study Involving Multiple Library Stakeholders
        date: 2017-12-22
       words: 4292
      flesch: 55
     summary: Students approach library search interfaces as if they were Google and generally conduct very simple searches. Research on the search behaviors of students versus more experienced researchers or subject experts also has implications for library website design.
    keywords: library; participants; search; website
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        item: #5667 of 5668
          id: ital-9966
      author: Guay, Beth
       title: A Case Study on the Path to Resource Discovery
        date: 2017-09-17
       words: 6417
      flesch: 42
     summary: Background: EEBO, Related Resources and Bibliographic Records Much has been written on EEBO’s inception and continuing development as a collection of digital reproductions of microfilm reproductions of pre-1700 print resources, and on its scholarly value (Kitchuk, 2007; Martin, 2007; Gadd, 2009; Mak, 2013; Folger Shakespeare Library, 2015).12 Alfred Pollard and Gilbert Redgrave’s A short-title catalogue of books printed in England, Scotland, & Ireland and of English books printed abroad, 1475-1640 (“STC”), and the “companion” volume, Donald Wing's Short-title catalogue of books printed in England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and British America, and of English books printed in other countries, 1641-1700 (“Wing”), respectively, were used in selecting the print resources for filming.13 Gadd (2009, 683) pinpointed the STC as “a catalogue of editions (or more accurately, editions and issues) not copies although, of course, the A CASE STUDY ON THE PATH TO RESOURCE DISCOVERY | GUAY | doi:10.6017/ital.v36i3.9966 25 information about any edition is derived primarily from the surviving copies … Each entry gives the location of known copies …” 14 The “successor” to STC and Wing, the English Short Title Catalog (ESTC), “includes records for every item listed in STC, every item in Wing, every item in the Eighteenth Century Short Title Catalogue … and newspapers and other serials which began publication before 1801” and is freely available online from the British Library.15 16 Gadd (2009, 685-686) offered this critique concerning EEBO’s bibliographic data and relationship to the ESTC: EEBO’s relationship with the original STC and Wing is straightforward and clear; EEBO’s relationship with electronic ESTC, on the other hand, is less well-known. This resulted in a project to identify OCLC record numbers (OCN) for addition to OCLC’s Chadwyck-Healey Early English Books Online (EEBO) KBART file.1 Initially, the project was an attempt to adapt cataloging workflows to a new environment in which the copy cataloging of e-resources takes place within discovery system tools rather than traditional cataloging utilities and MARC record set or individual record downloads into online catalogs.
    keywords: eebo; libraries; microfilm; oclc; record; resource
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        item: #5668 of 5668
          id: ital-9987
      author: Zvyagintseva, Lydia
       title: It is Our Flagship: Surveying the Landscape of Digital Interactive Displays in Learning Environments
        date: 2018-06-18
       words: 10068
      flesch: 40
     summary: Wherever the service of running, managing, or using this technology is discussed, it is framed as “digital display service” and concerns both technical and organizational aspects of using this technology in a learning institution. Data gathered shows that the average full-time equivalent (FTE) needed to support digital display services in organizations interviewed was 2.97—around three full time staff members.
    keywords: content; digital; digital displays; displays; exhibits; organizations; public; service; study; technology; university; users
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