id sid tid token lemma pos crl-16824 1 1 the the DET crl-16824 1 2 academic academic PROPN crl-16824 1 3 library library PROPN crl-16824 1 4 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 1 5 contribution contribution NOUN crl-16824 1 6 to to ADP crl-16824 1 7 student student NOUN crl-16824 1 8 success success NOUN crl-16824 1 9 : : PUNCT crl-16824 1 10 library library NOUN crl-16824 1 11 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 1 12 and and CCONJ crl-16824 1 13 gpa gpa VERB crl-16824 1 14 737 737 NUM crl-16824 1 15 the the DET crl-16824 1 16 academic academic PROPN crl-16824 1 17 library library PROPN crl-16824 1 18 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 1 19 contribution contribution NOUN crl-16824 1 20 to to ADP crl-16824 1 21 student student NOUN crl-16824 1 22 success success NOUN crl-16824 1 23 : : PUNCT crl-16824 1 24 library library NOUN crl-16824 1 25 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 1 26 and and CCONJ crl-16824 1 27 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 1 28 * * PROPN crl-16824 1 29 ula ula PROPN crl-16824 1 30 gaha gaha PROPN crl-16824 1 31 , , PUNCT crl-16824 1 32 suzanne suzanne PROPN crl-16824 1 33 hinnefeld hinnefeld PROPN crl-16824 1 34 , , PUNCT crl-16824 1 35 and and CCONJ crl-16824 1 36 catherine catherine PROPN crl-16824 1 37 pellegrino pellegrino NOUN crl-16824 1 38 preliminary preliminary ADJ crl-16824 1 39 data datum NOUN crl-16824 1 40 from from ADP crl-16824 1 41 this this DET crl-16824 1 42 paper paper NOUN crl-16824 1 43 were be AUX crl-16824 1 44 presented present VERB crl-16824 1 45 as as ADP crl-16824 1 46 a a DET crl-16824 1 47 poster poster NOUN crl-16824 1 48 session session NOUN crl-16824 1 49 at at ADP crl-16824 1 50 the the DET crl-16824 1 51 annual annual ADJ crl-16824 1 52 meeting meeting NOUN crl-16824 1 53 of of ADP crl-16824 1 54 the the DET crl-16824 1 55 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 1 56 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 1 57 of of ADP crl-16824 1 58 indiana indiana PROPN crl-16824 1 59 in in ADP crl-16824 1 60 greencastle greencastle PROPN crl-16824 1 61 , , PUNCT crl-16824 1 62 indiana indiana PROPN crl-16824 1 63 on on ADP crl-16824 1 64 may may PROPN crl-16824 1 65 6 6 NUM crl-16824 1 66 , , PUNCT crl-16824 1 67 2016 2016 NUM crl-16824 1 68 and and CCONJ crl-16824 1 69 also also ADV crl-16824 1 70 in in ADP crl-16824 1 71 a a DET crl-16824 1 72 conference conference NOUN crl-16824 1 73 session session NOUN crl-16824 1 74 at at ADP crl-16824 1 75 the the DET crl-16824 1 76 joint joint ADJ crl-16824 1 77 conference conference NOUN crl-16824 1 78 of of ADP crl-16824 1 79 georgia georgia PROPN crl-16824 1 80 como como NOUN crl-16824 1 81 and and CCONJ crl-16824 1 82 the the DET crl-16824 1 83 southeastern southeastern PROPN crl-16824 1 84 library library PROPN crl-16824 1 85 association association PROPN crl-16824 1 86 in in ADP crl-16824 1 87 athens athens PROPN crl-16824 1 88 , , PUNCT crl-16824 1 89 georgia georgia PROPN crl-16824 1 90 on on ADP crl-16824 1 91 october october PROPN crl-16824 1 92 6 6 NUM crl-16824 1 93 , , PUNCT crl-16824 1 94 2016 2016 NUM crl-16824 1 95 . . PUNCT crl-16824 2 1 this this DET crl-16824 2 2 study study NOUN crl-16824 2 3 examines examine VERB crl-16824 2 4 the the DET crl-16824 2 5 relationship relationship NOUN crl-16824 2 6 between between ADP crl-16824 2 7 library library NOUN crl-16824 2 8 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 2 9 and and CCONJ crl-16824 2 10 graduating graduating NOUN crl-16824 2 11 students student NOUN crl-16824 2 12 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 2 13 four four NUM crl-16824 2 14 - - PUNCT crl-16824 2 15 year year NOUN crl-16824 2 16 cumulative cumulative ADJ crl-16824 2 17 grade grade NOUN crl-16824 2 18 point point NOUN crl-16824 2 19 averages average NOUN crl-16824 2 20 for for ADP crl-16824 2 21 the the DET crl-16824 2 22 classes class NOUN crl-16824 2 23 of of ADP crl-16824 2 24 2012 2012 NUM crl-16824 2 25 - - SYM crl-16824 2 26 2015 2015 NUM crl-16824 2 27 . . PUNCT crl-16824 3 1 after after ADP crl-16824 3 2 normalizing normalize VERB crl-16824 3 3 the the DET crl-16824 3 4 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 3 5 by by ADP crl-16824 3 6 departments department NOUN crl-16824 3 7 to to PART crl-16824 3 8 account account VERB crl-16824 3 9 for for ADP crl-16824 3 10 differences difference NOUN crl-16824 3 11 in in ADP crl-16824 3 12 departmental departmental ADJ crl-16824 3 13 grading grading NOUN crl-16824 3 14 , , PUNCT crl-16824 3 15 a a DET crl-16824 3 16 two two NUM crl-16824 3 17 - - PUNCT crl-16824 3 18 tailed tail VERB crl-16824 3 19 t t NOUN crl-16824 3 20 - - PUNCT crl-16824 3 21 test test NOUN crl-16824 3 22 indicated indicate VERB crl-16824 3 23 a a DET crl-16824 3 24 statistically statistically ADV crl-16824 3 25 significant significant ADJ crl-16824 3 26 increase increase NOUN crl-16824 3 27 in in ADP crl-16824 3 28 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 3 29 among among ADP crl-16824 3 30 graduating graduate VERB crl-16824 3 31 students student NOUN crl-16824 3 32 who who PRON crl-16824 3 33 were be AUX crl-16824 3 34 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 3 35 in in ADP crl-16824 3 36 classes class NOUN crl-16824 3 37 in in ADP crl-16824 3 38 which which PRON crl-16824 3 39 at at ADP crl-16824 3 40 least least ADV crl-16824 3 41 one one NUM crl-16824 3 42 library library NOUN crl-16824 3 43 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 3 44 session session NOUN crl-16824 3 45 was be AUX crl-16824 3 46 held hold VERB crl-16824 3 47 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 3 48 n=1,265 n=1,265 PROPN crl-16824 3 49 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 3 50 over over ADP crl-16824 3 51 students student NOUN crl-16824 3 52 who who PRON crl-16824 3 53 were be AUX crl-16824 3 54 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 3 55 in in ADP crl-16824 3 56 no no DET crl-16824 3 57 classes class NOUN crl-16824 3 58 with with ADP crl-16824 3 59 library library NOUN crl-16824 3 60 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 3 61 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 3 62 n=115 n=115 PROPN crl-16824 3 63 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 3 64 . . PUNCT crl-16824 4 1 librarians librarian NOUN crl-16824 4 2 are be AUX crl-16824 4 3 using use VERB crl-16824 4 4 the the DET crl-16824 4 5 results result NOUN crl-16824 4 6 to to PART crl-16824 4 7 demonstrate demonstrate VERB crl-16824 4 8 the the DET crl-16824 4 9 relationship relationship NOUN crl-16824 4 10 between between ADP crl-16824 4 11 the the DET crl-16824 4 12 library library NOUN crl-16824 4 13 and and CCONJ crl-16824 4 14 student student NOUN crl-16824 4 15 success success NOUN crl-16824 4 16 , , PUNCT crl-16824 4 17 and and CCONJ crl-16824 4 18 to to PART crl-16824 4 19 promote promote VERB crl-16824 4 20 library library NOUN crl-16824 4 21 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 4 22 on on ADP crl-16824 4 23 campus campus NOUN crl-16824 4 24 . . PUNCT crl-16824 5 1 introduction introduction NOUN crl-16824 5 2 as as ADP crl-16824 5 3 the the DET crl-16824 5 4 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 5 5 library library NOUN crl-16824 5 6 community community NOUN crl-16824 5 7 has have AUX crl-16824 5 8 seen see VERB crl-16824 5 9 in in ADP crl-16824 5 10 the the DET crl-16824 5 11 half half ADJ crl-16824 5 12 - - PUNCT crl-16824 5 13 decade decade NOUN crl-16824 5 14 since since SCONJ crl-16824 5 15 the the DET crl-16824 5 16 establishment establishment NOUN crl-16824 5 17 of of ADP crl-16824 5 18 the the DET crl-16824 5 19 association association NOUN crl-16824 5 20 of of ADP crl-16824 5 21 college college NOUN crl-16824 5 22 and and CCONJ crl-16824 5 23 research research NOUN crl-16824 5 24 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 5 25 ’ ' PUNCT crl-16824 5 26 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 5 27 acrl acrl ADJ crl-16824 5 28 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 5 29 value value NOUN crl-16824 5 30 of of ADP crl-16824 5 31 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 5 32 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 5 33 project project NOUN crl-16824 5 34 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 35 librarians librarian VERB crl-16824 5 36 at at ADP crl-16824 5 37 institutions institution NOUN crl-16824 5 38 of of ADP crl-16824 5 39 higher high ADJ crl-16824 5 40 education education NOUN crl-16824 5 41 face face VERB crl-16824 5 42 increased increase VERB crl-16824 5 43 pressures pressure NOUN crl-16824 5 44 to to PART crl-16824 5 45 demonstrate demonstrate VERB crl-16824 5 46 their their PRON crl-16824 5 47 contributions contribution NOUN crl-16824 5 48 to to ADP crl-16824 5 49 various various ADJ crl-16824 5 50 measures measure NOUN crl-16824 5 51 of of ADP crl-16824 5 52 student student NOUN crl-16824 5 53 success success NOUN crl-16824 5 54 within within ADP crl-16824 5 55 their their PRON crl-16824 5 56 institutions.1 institutions.1 NOUN crl-16824 5 57 in in ADP crl-16824 5 58 that that DET crl-16824 5 59 context context NOUN crl-16824 5 60 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 61 the the DET crl-16824 5 62 authors author NOUN crl-16824 5 63 encountered encounter VERB crl-16824 5 64 krista krista PROPN crl-16824 5 65 soria soria PROPN crl-16824 5 66 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 67 jan jan PROPN crl-16824 5 68 fransen fransen PROPN crl-16824 5 69 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 70 and and CCONJ crl-16824 5 71 shane shane ADJ crl-16824 5 72 nackerud nackerud NOUN crl-16824 5 73 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 5 74 groundbreaking groundbreake VERB crl-16824 5 75 work work NOUN crl-16824 5 76 linking link VERB crl-16824 5 77 students student NOUN crl-16824 5 78 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 5 79 library library NOUN crl-16824 5 80 experience experience NOUN crl-16824 5 81 with with ADP crl-16824 5 82 their their PRON crl-16824 5 83 educational educational ADJ crl-16824 5 84 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-16824 5 85 at at ADP crl-16824 5 86 the the DET crl-16824 5 87 university university PROPN crl-16824 5 88 of of ADP crl-16824 5 89 minnesota minnesota PROPN crl-16824 5 90 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 91 and and CCONJ crl-16824 5 92 were be AUX crl-16824 5 93 troubled trouble VERB crl-16824 5 94 by by ADP crl-16824 5 95 their their PRON crl-16824 5 96 finding finding NOUN crl-16824 5 97 that that SCONJ crl-16824 5 98 course course NOUN crl-16824 5 99 - - PUNCT crl-16824 5 100 integrated integrate VERB crl-16824 5 101 library library NOUN crl-16824 5 102 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 5 103 in in ADP crl-16824 5 104 students student NOUN crl-16824 5 105 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 5 106 first first ADJ crl-16824 5 107 year year NOUN crl-16824 5 108 of of ADP crl-16824 5 109 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ crl-16824 5 110 study study NOUN crl-16824 5 111 was be AUX crl-16824 5 112 negatively negatively ADV crl-16824 5 113 correlated correlate VERB crl-16824 5 114 with with ADP crl-16824 5 115 their their PRON crl-16824 5 116 first first ADJ crl-16824 5 117 - - PUNCT crl-16824 5 118 year year NOUN crl-16824 5 119 grade grade NOUN crl-16824 5 120 - - PUNCT crl-16824 5 121 point point NOUN crl-16824 5 122 average.2 average.2 PROPN crl-16824 5 123 knowing know VERB crl-16824 5 124 that that SCONJ crl-16824 5 125 both both PRON crl-16824 5 126 shun shun PROPN crl-16824 5 127 han han PROPN crl-16824 5 128 rebekah rebekah PROPN crl-16824 5 129 wong wong PROPN crl-16824 5 130 and and CCONJ crl-16824 5 131 dianne dianne PROPN crl-16824 5 132 cmor cmor NOUN crl-16824 5 133 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 134 as as ADV crl-16824 5 135 well well ADV crl-16824 5 136 as as ADP crl-16824 5 137 melissa melissa PROPN crl-16824 5 138 bowles bowles PROPN crl-16824 5 139 - - PUNCT crl-16824 5 140 terry terry PROPN crl-16824 5 141 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 142 ula ula PROPN crl-16824 5 143 gaha gaha PROPN crl-16824 5 144 is be AUX crl-16824 5 145 reference reference NOUN crl-16824 5 146 and and CCONJ crl-16824 5 147 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 5 148 librarian librarian NOUN crl-16824 5 149 at at ADP crl-16824 5 150 saint saint PROPN crl-16824 5 151 mary mary PROPN crl-16824 5 152 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 5 153 college college PROPN crl-16824 5 154 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 155 notre notre PROPN crl-16824 5 156 dame dame PROPN crl-16824 5 157 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 158 indiana indiana PROPN crl-16824 5 159 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 160 e e NOUN crl-16824 5 161 - - NOUN crl-16824 5 162 mail mail NOUN crl-16824 5 163 : : PUNCT crl-16824 5 164 ugaha@saintmarys.edu ugaha@saintmarys.edu PROPN crl-16824 5 165 ; ; PUNCT crl-16824 5 166 suzanne suzanne PROPN crl-16824 5 167 hinnefeld hinnefeld PROPN crl-16824 5 168 is be AUX crl-16824 5 169 collection collection NOUN crl-16824 5 170 development development NOUN crl-16824 5 171 librarian librarian NOUN crl-16824 5 172 at at ADP crl-16824 5 173 saint saint PROPN crl-16824 5 174 mary mary PROPN crl-16824 5 175 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 5 176 college college PROPN crl-16824 5 177 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 178 notre notre PROPN crl-16824 5 179 dame dame PROPN crl-16824 5 180 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 181 indiana indiana PROPN crl-16824 5 182 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 183 e e NOUN crl-16824 5 184 - - NOUN crl-16824 5 185 mail mail NOUN crl-16824 5 186 : : PUNCT crl-16824 5 187 shinnefe@saintmarys.edu shinnefe@saintmarys.edu PROPN crl-16824 5 188 ; ; PUNCT crl-16824 5 189 catherine catherine PROPN crl-16824 5 190 pellegrino pellegrino NOUN crl-16824 5 191 is be AUX crl-16824 5 192 reference reference NOUN crl-16824 5 193 and and CCONJ crl-16824 5 194 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 5 195 librarian librarian NOUN crl-16824 5 196 at at ADP crl-16824 5 197 saint saint PROPN crl-16824 5 198 mary mary PROPN crl-16824 5 199 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 5 200 college college PROPN crl-16824 5 201 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 202 notre notre PROPN crl-16824 5 203 dame dame PROPN crl-16824 5 204 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 205 indiana indiana PROPN crl-16824 5 206 , , PUNCT crl-16824 5 207 e e NOUN crl-16824 5 208 - - NOUN crl-16824 5 209 mail mail NOUN crl-16824 5 210 : : PUNCT crl-16824 5 211 cpellegr@saintmarys.edu cpellegr@saintmarys.edu PROPN crl-16824 5 212 . . PUNCT crl-16824 6 1 © © ADJ crl-16824 6 2 2018 2018 NUM crl-16824 6 3 ula ula PROPN crl-16824 6 4 gaha gaha PROPN crl-16824 6 5 , , PUNCT crl-16824 6 6 suzanne suzanne PROPN crl-16824 6 7 hinnefeld hinnefeld PROPN crl-16824 6 8 , , PUNCT crl-16824 6 9 and and CCONJ crl-16824 6 10 catherine catherine PROPN crl-16824 6 11 pellegrino pellegrino PROPN crl-16824 6 12 , , PUNCT crl-16824 6 13 attribution attribution NOUN crl-16824 6 14 - - PUNCT crl-16824 6 15 noncommercial noncommercial ADJ crl-16824 6 16 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 6 17 http://creativecommons http://creativecommon NOUN crl-16824 6 18 . . PUNCT crl-16824 7 1 org org PROPN crl-16824 7 2 / / SYM crl-16824 7 3 licenses license NOUN crl-16824 7 4 / / SYM crl-16824 7 5 by by ADP crl-16824 7 6 - - PUNCT crl-16824 7 7 nc/4.0/ nc/4.0/ SPACE crl-16824 7 8 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 7 9 cc cc VERB crl-16824 7 10 by by ADP crl-16824 7 11 - - PUNCT crl-16824 7 12 nc nc PROPN crl-16824 7 13 . . PUNCT crl-16824 8 1 mailto:ugaha@saintmarys.edu mailto:ugaha@saintmarys.edu PROPN crl-16824 8 2 mailto:shinnefe@saintmarys.edu mailto:shinnefe@saintmarys.edu VERB crl-16824 8 3 mailto:cpellegr@saintmarys.edu mailto:cpellegr@saintmarys.edu PROPN crl-16824 8 4 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ PROPN crl-16824 8 5 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ PROPN crl-16824 8 6 738 738 NUM crl-16824 8 7 college college PROPN crl-16824 8 8 & & CCONJ crl-16824 8 9 research research PROPN crl-16824 8 10 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 8 11 september september PROPN crl-16824 8 12 2018 2018 NUM crl-16824 8 13 have have AUX crl-16824 8 14 documented document VERB crl-16824 8 15 positive positive ADJ crl-16824 8 16 correlations correlation NOUN crl-16824 8 17 between between ADP crl-16824 8 18 library library NOUN crl-16824 8 19 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 8 20 and and CCONJ crl-16824 8 21 students student NOUN crl-16824 8 22 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 8 23 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 8 24 , , PUNCT crl-16824 8 25 the the DET crl-16824 8 26 authors author NOUN crl-16824 8 27 wondered wonder VERB crl-16824 8 28 if if SCONJ crl-16824 8 29 variability variability NOUN crl-16824 8 30 in in ADP crl-16824 8 31 disciplinary disciplinary ADJ crl-16824 8 32 grading grading NOUN crl-16824 8 33 standards standard NOUN crl-16824 8 34 accounted account VERB crl-16824 8 35 for for ADP crl-16824 8 36 the the DET crl-16824 8 37 negative negative ADJ crl-16824 8 38 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 8 39 between between ADP crl-16824 8 40 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 8 41 and and CCONJ crl-16824 8 42 gpa gpa NOUN crl-16824 8 43 in in ADP crl-16824 8 44 the the DET crl-16824 8 45 minnesota minnesota PROPN crl-16824 8 46 study.3 study.3 PROPN crl-16824 8 47 in in ADP crl-16824 8 48 other other ADJ crl-16824 8 49 words word NOUN crl-16824 8 50 , , PUNCT crl-16824 8 51 perhaps perhaps ADV crl-16824 8 52 majors major NOUN crl-16824 8 53 with with ADP crl-16824 8 54 more more ADV crl-16824 8 55 rigorous rigorous ADJ crl-16824 8 56 grading grading NOUN crl-16824 8 57 standards standard NOUN crl-16824 8 58 were be AUX crl-16824 8 59 more more ADV crl-16824 8 60 likely likely ADJ crl-16824 8 61 to to PART crl-16824 8 62 use use VERB crl-16824 8 63 library library NOUN crl-16824 8 64 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 8 65 , , PUNCT crl-16824 8 66 while while SCONJ crl-16824 8 67 majors major NOUN crl-16824 8 68 with with ADP crl-16824 8 69 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 8 70 easier easy ADJ crl-16824 8 71 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 8 72 grading grading NOUN crl-16824 8 73 were be AUX crl-16824 8 74 less less ADV crl-16824 8 75 likely likely ADJ crl-16824 8 76 to to PART crl-16824 8 77 use use VERB crl-16824 8 78 library library NOUN crl-16824 8 79 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 8 80 , , PUNCT crl-16824 8 81 resulting result VERB crl-16824 8 82 in in ADP crl-16824 8 83 an an DET crl-16824 8 84 effect effect NOUN crl-16824 8 85 that that PRON crl-16824 8 86 looked look VERB crl-16824 8 87 like like ADP crl-16824 8 88 a a DET crl-16824 8 89 negative negative ADJ crl-16824 8 90 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 8 91 , , PUNCT crl-16824 8 92 but but CCONJ crl-16824 8 93 was be AUX crl-16824 8 94 actually actually ADV crl-16824 8 95 an an DET crl-16824 8 96 artifact artifact NOUN crl-16824 8 97 of of ADP crl-16824 8 98 disciplinary disciplinary ADJ crl-16824 8 99 grading grading NOUN crl-16824 8 100 standards standard NOUN crl-16824 8 101 . . PUNCT crl-16824 9 1 differential differential ADJ crl-16824 9 2 grading grade VERB crl-16824 9 3 standards standard NOUN crl-16824 9 4 in in ADP crl-16824 9 5 different different ADJ crl-16824 9 6 disciplines discipline NOUN crl-16824 9 7 is be AUX crl-16824 9 8 a a DET crl-16824 9 9 well well ADV crl-16824 9 10 - - PUNCT crl-16824 9 11 documented document VERB crl-16824 9 12 phenomenon phenomenon NOUN crl-16824 9 13 in in ADP crl-16824 9 14 higher high ADJ crl-16824 9 15 education education NOUN crl-16824 9 16 : : PUNCT crl-16824 9 17 b. b. PROPN crl-16824 9 18 curtis curtis PROPN crl-16824 9 19 eaton eaton PROPN crl-16824 9 20 and and CCONJ crl-16824 9 21 mukesh mukesh PROPN crl-16824 9 22 eswaran eswaran PROPN crl-16824 9 23 examined examine VERB crl-16824 9 24 data datum NOUN crl-16824 9 25 from from ADP crl-16824 9 26 three three NUM crl-16824 9 27 universities university NOUN crl-16824 9 28 in in ADP crl-16824 9 29 canada canada PROPN crl-16824 9 30 and and CCONJ crl-16824 9 31 found find VERB crl-16824 9 32 a a DET crl-16824 9 33 wide wide ADJ crl-16824 9 34 variation variation NOUN crl-16824 9 35 in in ADP crl-16824 9 36 average average ADJ crl-16824 9 37 grades grade NOUN crl-16824 9 38 by by ADP crl-16824 9 39 discipline discipline NOUN crl-16824 9 40 . . PUNCT crl-16824 10 1 however however ADV crl-16824 10 2 , , PUNCT crl-16824 10 3 that that DET crl-16824 10 4 variation variation NOUN crl-16824 10 5 did do AUX crl-16824 10 6 not not PART crl-16824 10 7 necessarily necessarily ADV crl-16824 10 8 follow follow VERB crl-16824 10 9 the the DET crl-16824 10 10 stereotype stereotype NOUN crl-16824 10 11 of of ADP crl-16824 10 12 higher high ADJ crl-16824 10 13 grades grade NOUN crl-16824 10 14 in in ADP crl-16824 10 15 humanities humanity NOUN crl-16824 10 16 departments department NOUN crl-16824 10 17 and and CCONJ crl-16824 10 18 lower low ADJ crl-16824 10 19 grades grade NOUN crl-16824 10 20 in in ADP crl-16824 10 21 the the DET crl-16824 10 22 sciences science NOUN crl-16824 10 23 ; ; PUNCT crl-16824 10 24 at at ADP crl-16824 10 25 one one NUM crl-16824 10 26 university university NOUN crl-16824 10 27 , , PUNCT crl-16824 10 28 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 10 29 low low ADJ crl-16824 10 30 marks mark NOUN crl-16824 10 31 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 10 32 departments department NOUN crl-16824 10 33 included include VERB crl-16824 10 34 history history NOUN crl-16824 10 35 and and CCONJ crl-16824 10 36 english english PROPN crl-16824 10 37 , , PUNCT crl-16824 10 38 while while SCONJ crl-16824 10 39 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 10 40 high high ADJ crl-16824 10 41 marks mark NOUN crl-16824 10 42 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 10 43 departments department NOUN crl-16824 10 44 included include VERB crl-16824 10 45 physics physics NOUN crl-16824 10 46 and and CCONJ crl-16824 10 47 mechanical mechanical ADJ crl-16824 10 48 engineering.4 engineering.4 PROPN crl-16824 10 49 in in ADP crl-16824 10 50 a a DET crl-16824 10 51 more more ADV crl-16824 10 52 recent recent ADJ crl-16824 10 53 study study NOUN crl-16824 10 54 in in ADP crl-16824 10 55 the the DET crl-16824 10 56 united united PROPN crl-16824 10 57 states states PROPN crl-16824 10 58 , , PUNCT crl-16824 10 59 stuart stuart ADJ crl-16824 10 60 rojstaczer rojstaczer PROPN crl-16824 10 61 and and CCONJ crl-16824 10 62 christopher christopher PROPN crl-16824 10 63 healy healy PROPN crl-16824 10 64 reviewed review VERB crl-16824 10 65 grading grade VERB crl-16824 10 66 norms norm NOUN crl-16824 10 67 of of ADP crl-16824 10 68 more more ADJ crl-16824 10 69 than than ADP crl-16824 10 70 200 200 NUM crl-16824 10 71 institutions institution NOUN crl-16824 10 72 of of ADP crl-16824 10 73 higher high ADJ crl-16824 10 74 education education NOUN crl-16824 10 75 between between ADP crl-16824 10 76 1940 1940 NUM crl-16824 10 77 and and CCONJ crl-16824 10 78 2009 2009 NUM crl-16824 10 79 , , PUNCT crl-16824 10 80 and and CCONJ crl-16824 10 81 found find VERB crl-16824 10 82 that that DET crl-16824 10 83 faculty faculty NOUN crl-16824 10 84 at at ADP crl-16824 10 85 institutions institution NOUN crl-16824 10 86 that that PRON crl-16824 10 87 emphasized emphasize VERB crl-16824 10 88 science science NOUN crl-16824 10 89 and and CCONJ crl-16824 10 90 engineering engineering NOUN crl-16824 10 91 tended tend VERB crl-16824 10 92 to to PART crl-16824 10 93 give give VERB crl-16824 10 94 lower low ADJ crl-16824 10 95 grades grade NOUN crl-16824 10 96 than than ADP crl-16824 10 97 faculty faculty NOUN crl-16824 10 98 at at ADP crl-16824 10 99 institutions institution NOUN crl-16824 10 100 that that PRON crl-16824 10 101 emphasized emphasize VERB crl-16824 10 102 the the DET crl-16824 10 103 liberal liberal ADJ crl-16824 10 104 arts.5 arts.5 CCONJ crl-16824 10 105 the the DET crl-16824 10 106 study study NOUN crl-16824 10 107 reported report VERB crl-16824 10 108 here here ADV crl-16824 10 109 was be AUX crl-16824 10 110 the the DET crl-16824 10 111 authors author NOUN crl-16824 10 112 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 10 113 attempt attempt NOUN crl-16824 10 114 to to PART crl-16824 10 115 test test VERB crl-16824 10 116 the the DET crl-16824 10 117 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN crl-16824 10 118 that that PRON crl-16824 10 119 controlling control VERB crl-16824 10 120 for for ADP crl-16824 10 121 differential differential ADJ crl-16824 10 122 grading grading NOUN crl-16824 10 123 standards standard NOUN crl-16824 10 124 in in ADP crl-16824 10 125 the the DET crl-16824 10 126 statistical statistical ADJ crl-16824 10 127 analysis analysis NOUN crl-16824 10 128 clarifies clarify VERB crl-16824 10 129 the the DET crl-16824 10 130 relationship relationship NOUN crl-16824 10 131 between between ADP crl-16824 10 132 library library NOUN crl-16824 10 133 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 10 134 and and CCONJ crl-16824 10 135 students student NOUN crl-16824 10 136 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 10 137 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 10 138 with with ADP crl-16824 10 139 data datum NOUN crl-16824 10 140 available available ADJ crl-16824 10 141 at at ADP crl-16824 10 142 a a DET crl-16824 10 143 much much ADV crl-16824 10 144 smaller small ADJ crl-16824 10 145 campus campus NOUN crl-16824 10 146 than than ADP crl-16824 10 147 the the DET crl-16824 10 148 university university PROPN crl-16824 10 149 of of ADP crl-16824 10 150 minnesota minnesota PROPN crl-16824 10 151 . . PUNCT crl-16824 11 1 by by ADP crl-16824 11 2 accounting account VERB crl-16824 11 3 for for ADP crl-16824 11 4 differences difference NOUN crl-16824 11 5 in in ADP crl-16824 11 6 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 11 7 across across ADP crl-16824 11 8 students student NOUN crl-16824 11 9 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 11 10 majors major NOUN crl-16824 11 11 , , PUNCT crl-16824 11 12 this this DET crl-16824 11 13 study study NOUN crl-16824 11 14 seeks seek VERB crl-16824 11 15 to to PART crl-16824 11 16 determine determine VERB crl-16824 11 17 whether whether SCONJ crl-16824 11 18 library library NOUN crl-16824 11 19 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 11 20 was be AUX crl-16824 11 21 positively positively ADV crl-16824 11 22 or or CCONJ crl-16824 11 23 negatively negatively ADV crl-16824 11 24 correlated correlate VERB crl-16824 11 25 with with ADP crl-16824 11 26 students student NOUN crl-16824 11 27 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 11 28 four four NUM crl-16824 11 29 - - PUNCT crl-16824 11 30 year year NOUN crl-16824 11 31 cumulative cumulative ADJ crl-16824 11 32 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 11 33 , , PUNCT crl-16824 11 34 a a DET crl-16824 11 35 measure measure NOUN crl-16824 11 36 of of ADP crl-16824 11 37 overall overall ADJ crl-16824 11 38 student student NOUN crl-16824 11 39 success success NOUN crl-16824 11 40 . . PUNCT crl-16824 12 1 four four NUM crl-16824 12 2 - - PUNCT crl-16824 12 3 year year NOUN crl-16824 12 4 cumulative cumulative ADJ crl-16824 12 5 grade grade NOUN crl-16824 12 6 point point NOUN crl-16824 12 7 average average NOUN crl-16824 12 8 is be AUX crl-16824 12 9 not not PART crl-16824 12 10 the the DET crl-16824 12 11 only only ADJ crl-16824 12 12 measure measure NOUN crl-16824 12 13 of of ADP crl-16824 12 14 student student NOUN crl-16824 12 15 success success NOUN crl-16824 12 16 , , PUNCT crl-16824 12 17 nor nor CCONJ crl-16824 12 18 is be AUX crl-16824 12 19 it it PRON crl-16824 12 20 necessarily necessarily ADV crl-16824 12 21 a a DET crl-16824 12 22 measure measure NOUN crl-16824 12 23 of of ADP crl-16824 12 24 student student NOUN crl-16824 12 25 learning learning NOUN crl-16824 12 26 . . PUNCT crl-16824 13 1 while while SCONJ crl-16824 13 2 many many ADJ crl-16824 13 3 factors factor NOUN crl-16824 13 4 might might AUX crl-16824 13 5 be be AUX crl-16824 13 6 considered consider VERB crl-16824 13 7 as as ADP crl-16824 13 8 measures measure NOUN crl-16824 13 9 or or CCONJ crl-16824 13 10 indicators indicator NOUN crl-16824 13 11 of of ADP crl-16824 13 12 students student NOUN crl-16824 13 13 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 13 14 success success NOUN crl-16824 13 15 or or CCONJ crl-16824 13 16 learning learning NOUN crl-16824 13 17 — — PUNCT crl-16824 13 18 employment employment NOUN crl-16824 13 19 or or CCONJ crl-16824 13 20 salary salary NOUN crl-16824 13 21 after after ADP crl-16824 13 22 graduation graduation NOUN crl-16824 13 23 , , PUNCT crl-16824 13 24 analysis analysis NOUN crl-16824 13 25 of of ADP crl-16824 13 26 artifacts artifact NOUN crl-16824 13 27 of of ADP crl-16824 13 28 student student NOUN crl-16824 13 29 work work NOUN crl-16824 13 30 , , PUNCT crl-16824 13 31 scores score NOUN crl-16824 13 32 on on ADP crl-16824 13 33 standardized standardized ADJ crl-16824 13 34 exams exam NOUN crl-16824 13 35 , , PUNCT crl-16824 13 36 even even ADV crl-16824 13 37 measures measure NOUN crl-16824 13 38 of of ADP crl-16824 13 39 life life NOUN crl-16824 13 40 satisfaction satisfaction NOUN crl-16824 13 41 — — PUNCT crl-16824 13 42 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 13 43 is be AUX crl-16824 13 44 one one NUM crl-16824 13 45 measure measure NOUN crl-16824 13 46 that that PRON crl-16824 13 47 is be AUX crl-16824 13 48 already already ADV crl-16824 13 49 quantitative quantitative ADJ crl-16824 13 50 , , PUNCT crl-16824 13 51 and and CCONJ crl-16824 13 52 to to ADP crl-16824 13 53 some some DET crl-16824 13 54 degree degree NOUN crl-16824 13 55 standardized standardize VERB crl-16824 13 56 . . PUNCT crl-16824 14 1 in in ADP crl-16824 14 2 addition addition NOUN crl-16824 14 3 , , PUNCT crl-16824 14 4 librarians librarian NOUN crl-16824 14 5 and and CCONJ crl-16824 14 6 faculty faculty NOUN crl-16824 14 7 have have VERB crl-16824 14 8 ready ready ADJ crl-16824 14 9 access access NOUN crl-16824 14 10 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 14 11 with with ADP crl-16824 14 12 appropriate appropriate ADJ crl-16824 14 13 safeguards safeguard NOUN crl-16824 14 14 to to PART crl-16824 14 15 assure assure VERB crl-16824 14 16 confidentiality confidentiality NOUN crl-16824 14 17 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 14 18 to to ADP crl-16824 14 19 students student NOUN crl-16824 14 20 ’ ' PUNCT crl-16824 14 21 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 14 22 data datum NOUN crl-16824 14 23 at at ADP crl-16824 14 24 their their PRON crl-16824 14 25 own own ADJ crl-16824 14 26 institutions institution NOUN crl-16824 14 27 . . PUNCT crl-16824 15 1 for for ADP crl-16824 15 2 these these DET crl-16824 15 3 reasons reason NOUN crl-16824 15 4 , , PUNCT crl-16824 15 5 the the DET crl-16824 15 6 authors author NOUN crl-16824 15 7 agree agree VERB crl-16824 15 8 with with ADP crl-16824 15 9 bowles bowles PROPN crl-16824 15 10 - - PUNCT crl-16824 15 11 terry terry PROPN crl-16824 15 12 that that SCONJ crl-16824 15 13 while while SCONJ crl-16824 15 14 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 15 15 is be AUX crl-16824 15 16 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 15 17 an an DET crl-16824 15 18 imperfect imperfect ADJ crl-16824 15 19 measure measure NOUN crl-16824 15 20 of of ADP crl-16824 15 21 learning learning NOUN crl-16824 15 22 and and CCONJ crl-16824 15 23 achievement achievement NOUN crl-16824 15 24 , , PUNCT crl-16824 15 25 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 15 26 it it PRON crl-16824 15 27 nevertheless nevertheless ADV crl-16824 15 28 can can AUX crl-16824 15 29 be be AUX crl-16824 15 30 understood understand VERB crl-16824 15 31 as as ADP crl-16824 15 32 an an DET crl-16824 15 33 acceptable acceptable ADJ crl-16824 15 34 proxy proxy NOUN crl-16824 15 35 for for ADP crl-16824 15 36 student student NOUN crl-16824 15 37 success.6 success.6 PROPN crl-16824 15 38 literature literature NOUN crl-16824 15 39 review review NOUN crl-16824 15 40 the the DET crl-16824 15 41 three three NUM crl-16824 15 42 studies study NOUN crl-16824 15 43 cited cite VERB crl-16824 15 44 above above ADV crl-16824 15 45 that that PRON crl-16824 15 46 launched launch VERB crl-16824 15 47 this this DET crl-16824 15 48 research research NOUN crl-16824 15 49 project project NOUN crl-16824 15 50 — — PUNCT crl-16824 15 51 soria soria PROPN crl-16824 15 52 et et PROPN crl-16824 15 53 al al PROPN crl-16824 15 54 . . PROPN crl-16824 15 55 , , PUNCT crl-16824 15 56 wong wong VERB crl-16824 15 57 and and CCONJ crl-16824 15 58 cmor cmor VERB crl-16824 15 59 , , PUNCT crl-16824 15 60 and and CCONJ crl-16824 15 61 bowles bowles PROPN crl-16824 15 62 - - PUNCT crl-16824 15 63 terry terry PROPN crl-16824 15 64 — — PUNCT crl-16824 15 65 each each PRON crl-16824 15 66 include include VERB crl-16824 15 67 extensive extensive ADJ crl-16824 15 68 reviews review NOUN crl-16824 15 69 of of ADP crl-16824 15 70 the the DET crl-16824 15 71 literature literature NOUN crl-16824 15 72 surrounding surround VERB crl-16824 15 73 the the DET crl-16824 15 74 intersection intersection NOUN crl-16824 15 75 of of ADP crl-16824 15 76 library library NOUN crl-16824 15 77 services service NOUN crl-16824 15 78 , , PUNCT crl-16824 15 79 particularly particularly ADV crl-16824 15 80 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 15 81 , , PUNCT crl-16824 15 82 and and CCONJ crl-16824 15 83 student student NOUN crl-16824 15 84 success success NOUN crl-16824 15 85 . . PUNCT crl-16824 16 1 additionally additionally ADV crl-16824 16 2 , , PUNCT crl-16824 16 3 joseph joseph PROPN crl-16824 16 4 r. r. PROPN crl-16824 16 5 matthews matthews PROPN crl-16824 16 6 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 16 7 library library NOUN crl-16824 16 8 assessment assessment NOUN crl-16824 16 9 in in ADP crl-16824 16 10 higher high ADJ crl-16824 16 11 education education NOUN crl-16824 16 12 looks look VERB crl-16824 16 13 more more ADV crl-16824 16 14 broadly broadly ADV crl-16824 16 15 at at ADP crl-16824 16 16 what what PRON crl-16824 16 17 had have AUX crl-16824 16 18 been be AUX crl-16824 16 19 written write VERB crl-16824 16 20 about about ADP crl-16824 16 21 assessing assess VERB crl-16824 16 22 and and CCONJ crl-16824 16 23 evaluating evaluate VERB crl-16824 16 24 library library NOUN crl-16824 16 25 services service NOUN crl-16824 16 26 and and CCONJ crl-16824 16 27 collections collection NOUN crl-16824 16 28 prior prior ADV crl-16824 16 29 to to ADP crl-16824 16 30 its its PRON crl-16824 16 31 publication publication NOUN crl-16824 16 32 in in ADP crl-16824 16 33 2007.7 2007.7 NUM crl-16824 16 34 before before ADP crl-16824 16 35 the the DET crl-16824 16 36 publication publication NOUN crl-16824 16 37 of of ADP crl-16824 16 38 the the DET crl-16824 16 39 association association NOUN crl-16824 16 40 of of ADP crl-16824 16 41 college college NOUN crl-16824 16 42 and and CCONJ crl-16824 16 43 research research NOUN crl-16824 16 44 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 16 45 ’ ' PUNCT crl-16824 16 46 value value NOUN crl-16824 16 47 of of ADP crl-16824 16 48 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 16 49 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 16 50 : : PUNCT crl-16824 16 51 a a DET crl-16824 16 52 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ crl-16824 16 53 research research NOUN crl-16824 16 54 review review NOUN crl-16824 16 55 and and CCONJ crl-16824 16 56 report report NOUN crl-16824 16 57 in in ADP crl-16824 16 58 2010 2010 NUM crl-16824 16 59 , , PUNCT crl-16824 16 60 matthews matthews PROPN crl-16824 16 61 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 16 62 book book NOUN crl-16824 16 63 was be AUX crl-16824 16 64 the the DET crl-16824 16 65 most most ADV crl-16824 16 66 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ crl-16824 16 67 review review NOUN crl-16824 16 68 of of ADP crl-16824 16 69 the the DET crl-16824 16 70 library library NOUN crl-16824 16 71 assessment assessment NOUN crl-16824 16 72 literature.8 literature.8 PROPN crl-16824 16 73 in in ADP crl-16824 16 74 particular particular ADJ crl-16824 16 75 , , PUNCT crl-16824 16 76 matthews matthews PROPN crl-16824 16 77 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 16 78 fifth fifth ADJ crl-16824 16 79 chapter chapter NOUN crl-16824 16 80 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 16 81 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 16 82 assessment assessment NOUN crl-16824 16 83 of of ADP crl-16824 16 84 the the DET crl-16824 16 85 library library PROPN crl-16824 16 86 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 16 87 contribution contribution NOUN crl-16824 16 88 to to ADP crl-16824 16 89 the the DET crl-16824 16 90 educational educational ADJ crl-16824 16 91 process process NOUN crl-16824 16 92 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 16 93 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 16 94 examines examine VERB crl-16824 16 95 a a DET crl-16824 16 96 wide wide ADJ crl-16824 16 97 variety variety NOUN crl-16824 16 98 of of ADP crl-16824 16 99 studies study NOUN crl-16824 16 100 on on ADP crl-16824 16 101 library library NOUN crl-16824 16 102 services service NOUN crl-16824 16 103 that that PRON crl-16824 16 104 are be AUX crl-16824 16 105 generally generally ADV crl-16824 16 106 viewed view VERB crl-16824 16 107 as as ADP crl-16824 16 108 essential essential ADJ crl-16824 16 109 to to ADP crl-16824 16 110 students student NOUN crl-16824 16 111 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 16 112 education education NOUN crl-16824 16 113 , , PUNCT crl-16824 16 114 including include VERB crl-16824 16 115 reference reference NOUN crl-16824 16 116 , , PUNCT crl-16824 16 117 library library NOUN crl-16824 16 118 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 16 119 , , PUNCT crl-16824 16 120 and and CCONJ crl-16824 16 121 information information NOUN crl-16824 16 122 literacy literacy NOUN crl-16824 16 123 programs program NOUN crl-16824 16 124 . . PUNCT crl-16824 17 1 rather rather ADV crl-16824 17 2 than than SCONJ crl-16824 17 3 duplicate duplicate VERB crl-16824 17 4 the the DET crl-16824 17 5 work work NOUN crl-16824 17 6 of of ADP crl-16824 17 7 these these DET crl-16824 17 8 previous previous ADJ crl-16824 17 9 reviews review NOUN crl-16824 17 10 here here ADV crl-16824 17 11 , , PUNCT crl-16824 17 12 this this DET crl-16824 17 13 literature literature NOUN crl-16824 17 14 review review NOUN crl-16824 17 15 focuses focus VERB crl-16824 17 16 specifically specifically ADV crl-16824 17 17 on on ADP crl-16824 17 18 what what PRON crl-16824 17 19 the the DET crl-16824 17 20 library library NOUN crl-16824 17 21 research research NOUN crl-16824 17 22 community community NOUN crl-16824 17 23 knows know VERB crl-16824 17 24 about about ADP crl-16824 17 25 the the DET crl-16824 17 26 intersection intersection NOUN crl-16824 17 27 of of ADP crl-16824 17 28 the the DET crl-16824 17 29 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 17 30 library library PROPN crl-16824 17 31 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 17 32 contribution contribution NOUN crl-16824 17 33 to to ADP crl-16824 17 34 student student NOUN crl-16824 17 35 success success NOUN crl-16824 17 36 739 739 NUM crl-16824 17 37 library library NOUN crl-16824 17 38 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 17 39 and and CCONJ crl-16824 17 40 student student NOUN crl-16824 17 41 success success NOUN crl-16824 17 42 , , PUNCT crl-16824 17 43 with with ADP crl-16824 17 44 a a DET crl-16824 17 45 particular particular ADJ crl-16824 17 46 emphasis emphasis NOUN crl-16824 17 47 on on ADP crl-16824 17 48 studies study NOUN crl-16824 17 49 that that PRON crl-16824 17 50 have have AUX crl-16824 17 51 examined examine VERB crl-16824 17 52 students student NOUN crl-16824 17 53 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 17 54 majors major NOUN crl-16824 17 55 or or CCONJ crl-16824 17 56 disciplines discipline NOUN crl-16824 17 57 as as ADP crl-16824 17 58 an an DET crl-16824 17 59 element element NOUN crl-16824 17 60 of of ADP crl-16824 17 61 their their PRON crl-16824 17 62 research research NOUN crl-16824 17 63 design design NOUN crl-16824 17 64 . . PUNCT crl-16824 18 1 several several ADJ crl-16824 18 2 large large ADJ crl-16824 18 3 - - PUNCT crl-16824 18 4 scale scale NOUN crl-16824 18 5 studies study NOUN crl-16824 18 6 have have AUX crl-16824 18 7 established establish VERB crl-16824 18 8 that that SCONJ crl-16824 18 9 library library NOUN crl-16824 18 10 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 18 11 is be AUX crl-16824 18 12 correlated correlate VERB crl-16824 18 13 with with ADP crl-16824 18 14 increased increase VERB crl-16824 18 15 grade grade NOUN crl-16824 18 16 - - PUNCT crl-16824 18 17 point point NOUN crl-16824 18 18 averages average NOUN crl-16824 18 19 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 18 20 gpas gpas PROPN crl-16824 18 21 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 18 22 under under ADP crl-16824 18 23 certain certain ADJ crl-16824 18 24 conditions condition NOUN crl-16824 18 25 . . PUNCT crl-16824 19 1 melissa melissa PROPN crl-16824 19 2 bowlesterry bowlesterry PROPN crl-16824 19 3 found find VERB crl-16824 19 4 that that SCONJ crl-16824 19 5 library library NOUN crl-16824 19 6 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 19 7 was be AUX crl-16824 19 8 positively positively ADV crl-16824 19 9 correlated correlate VERB crl-16824 19 10 with with ADP crl-16824 19 11 students student NOUN crl-16824 19 12 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 19 13 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 19 14 when when SCONJ crl-16824 19 15 the the DET crl-16824 19 16 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 19 17 was be AUX crl-16824 19 18 repeated repeat VERB crl-16824 19 19 at at ADP crl-16824 19 20 different different ADJ crl-16824 19 21 levels level NOUN crl-16824 19 22 in in ADP crl-16824 19 23 the the DET crl-16824 19 24 curriculum curriculum NOUN crl-16824 19 25 ; ; PUNCT crl-16824 19 26 specifically specifically ADV crl-16824 19 27 , , PUNCT crl-16824 19 28 when when SCONJ crl-16824 19 29 it it PRON crl-16824 19 30 was be AUX crl-16824 19 31 offered offer VERB crl-16824 19 32 in in ADP crl-16824 19 33 upper upper ADJ crl-16824 19 34 - - PUNCT crl-16824 19 35 level level NOUN crl-16824 19 36 courses.9 courses.9 NOUN crl-16824 19 37 in in ADP crl-16824 19 38 her her PRON crl-16824 19 39 study study NOUN crl-16824 19 40 of of ADP crl-16824 19 41 almost almost ADV crl-16824 19 42 4,500 4,500 NUM crl-16824 19 43 graduating graduating NOUN crl-16824 19 44 seniors senior NOUN crl-16824 19 45 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 19 46 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 19 47 transcripts transcript NOUN crl-16824 19 48 , , PUNCT crl-16824 19 49 bowles bowles PROPN crl-16824 19 50 - - PUNCT crl-16824 19 51 terry terry PROPN crl-16824 19 52 demonstrated demonstrate VERB crl-16824 19 53 the the DET crl-16824 19 54 reach reach NOUN crl-16824 19 55 of of ADP crl-16824 19 56 library library NOUN crl-16824 19 57 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 19 58 at at ADP crl-16824 19 59 her her PRON crl-16824 19 60 institution institution NOUN crl-16824 19 61 : : PUNCT crl-16824 19 62 she she PRON crl-16824 19 63 found find VERB crl-16824 19 64 that that SCONJ crl-16824 19 65 three three NUM crl-16824 19 66 fourths fourth NOUN crl-16824 19 67 of of ADP crl-16824 19 68 the the DET crl-16824 19 69 students student NOUN crl-16824 19 70 in in ADP crl-16824 19 71 the the DET crl-16824 19 72 study study NOUN crl-16824 19 73 received receive VERB crl-16824 19 74 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 19 75 in in ADP crl-16824 19 76 their their PRON crl-16824 19 77 first first ADJ crl-16824 19 78 year year NOUN crl-16824 19 79 of of ADP crl-16824 19 80 college college NOUN crl-16824 19 81 . . PUNCT crl-16824 20 1 the the DET crl-16824 20 2 extent extent NOUN crl-16824 20 3 of of ADP crl-16824 20 4 first first ADJ crl-16824 20 5 - - PUNCT crl-16824 20 6 year year NOUN crl-16824 20 7 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 20 8 at at ADP crl-16824 20 9 her her PRON crl-16824 20 10 institution institution NOUN crl-16824 20 11 provides provide VERB crl-16824 20 12 the the DET crl-16824 20 13 foundation foundation NOUN crl-16824 20 14 of of ADP crl-16824 20 15 her her PRON crl-16824 20 16 argument argument NOUN crl-16824 20 17 that that SCONJ crl-16824 20 18 a a DET crl-16824 20 19 library library NOUN crl-16824 20 20 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 20 21 program program NOUN crl-16824 20 22 needs need VERB crl-16824 20 23 clearly clearly ADV crl-16824 20 24 defined define VERB crl-16824 20 25 goals goal NOUN crl-16824 20 26 for for ADP crl-16824 20 27 students student NOUN crl-16824 20 28 at at ADP crl-16824 20 29 every every DET crl-16824 20 30 level level NOUN crl-16824 20 31 of of ADP crl-16824 20 32 study study NOUN crl-16824 20 33 , , PUNCT crl-16824 20 34 and and CCONJ crl-16824 20 35 a a DET crl-16824 20 36 scaffolded scaffolded ADJ crl-16824 20 37 approach approach NOUN crl-16824 20 38 to to ADP crl-16824 20 39 student student NOUN crl-16824 20 40 mastery mastery NOUN crl-16824 20 41 of of ADP crl-16824 20 42 specific specific ADJ crl-16824 20 43 information information NOUN crl-16824 20 44 literacy literacy NOUN crl-16824 20 45 skills skill NOUN crl-16824 20 46 at at ADP crl-16824 20 47 each each DET crl-16824 20 48 level level NOUN crl-16824 20 49 . . PUNCT crl-16824 21 1 her her PRON crl-16824 21 2 work work NOUN crl-16824 21 3 suggests suggest VERB crl-16824 21 4 that that SCONJ crl-16824 21 5 librarians librarian NOUN crl-16824 21 6 need need VERB crl-16824 21 7 to to PART crl-16824 21 8 design design VERB crl-16824 21 9 more more ADV crl-16824 21 10 cohesive cohesive ADJ crl-16824 21 11 and and CCONJ crl-16824 21 12 non non ADJ crl-16824 21 13 - - ADJ crl-16824 21 14 repetitive repetitive ADJ crl-16824 21 15 information information NOUN crl-16824 21 16 literacy literacy NOUN crl-16824 21 17 curricula curricula NOUN crl-16824 21 18 by by ADP crl-16824 21 19 differentiating differentiate VERB crl-16824 21 20 between between ADP crl-16824 21 21 lower low ADJ crl-16824 21 22 - - PUNCT crl-16824 21 23 division division NOUN crl-16824 21 24 and and CCONJ crl-16824 21 25 upperdivision upperdivision NOUN crl-16824 21 26 learning learning NOUN crl-16824 21 27 objectives objective NOUN crl-16824 21 28 . . PUNCT crl-16824 22 1 library library NOUN crl-16824 22 2 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 22 3 also also ADV crl-16824 22 4 correlates correlate VERB crl-16824 22 5 with with ADP crl-16824 22 6 increased increase VERB crl-16824 22 7 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 22 8 when when SCONJ crl-16824 22 9 students student NOUN crl-16824 22 10 receive receive VERB crl-16824 22 11 more more ADJ crl-16824 22 12 than than ADP crl-16824 22 13 a a DET crl-16824 22 14 baseline baseline ADJ crl-16824 22 15 level level NOUN crl-16824 22 16 , , PUNCT crl-16824 22 17 defined define VERB crl-16824 22 18 as as ADP crl-16824 22 19 one one NUM crl-16824 22 20 or or CCONJ crl-16824 22 21 two two NUM crl-16824 22 22 sessions session NOUN crl-16824 22 23 , , PUNCT crl-16824 22 24 of of ADP crl-16824 22 25 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 22 26 . . PUNCT crl-16824 23 1 shun shun PROPN crl-16824 23 2 han han PROPN crl-16824 23 3 rebekah rebekah PROPN crl-16824 23 4 wong wong PROPN crl-16824 23 5 and and CCONJ crl-16824 23 6 dianne dianne PROPN crl-16824 23 7 cmor cmor PROPN crl-16824 23 8 evaluated evaluate VERB crl-16824 23 9 over over ADP crl-16824 23 10 8,000 8,000 NUM crl-16824 23 11 undergraduate undergraduate NOUN crl-16824 23 12 and and CCONJ crl-16824 23 13 graduate graduate ADJ crl-16824 23 14 transcripts transcript NOUN crl-16824 23 15 at at ADP crl-16824 23 16 hong hong PROPN crl-16824 23 17 kong kong PROPN crl-16824 23 18 baptist baptist PROPN crl-16824 23 19 university university PROPN crl-16824 23 20 , , PUNCT crl-16824 23 21 and and CCONJ crl-16824 23 22 found find VERB crl-16824 23 23 a a DET crl-16824 23 24 positive positive ADJ crl-16824 23 25 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 23 26 between between ADP crl-16824 23 27 exposure exposure NOUN crl-16824 23 28 to to ADP crl-16824 23 29 multiple multiple ADJ crl-16824 23 30 library library NOUN crl-16824 23 31 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 23 32 workshops workshop NOUN crl-16824 23 33 and and CCONJ crl-16824 23 34 higher high ADJ crl-16824 23 35 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 23 36 ; ; PUNCT crl-16824 23 37 however however ADV crl-16824 23 38 , , PUNCT crl-16824 23 39 that that DET crl-16824 23 40 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 23 41 only only ADV crl-16824 23 42 occurs occur VERB crl-16824 23 43 when when SCONJ crl-16824 23 44 a a DET crl-16824 23 45 minimum minimum ADJ crl-16824 23 46 amount amount NOUN crl-16824 23 47 of of ADP crl-16824 23 48 library library NOUN crl-16824 23 49 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 23 50 is be AUX crl-16824 23 51 provided provide VERB crl-16824 23 52 . . PUNCT crl-16824 24 1 one one NUM crl-16824 24 2 or or CCONJ crl-16824 24 3 two two NUM crl-16824 24 4 library library NOUN crl-16824 24 5 workshops workshop NOUN crl-16824 24 6 had have VERB crl-16824 24 7 little little ADJ crl-16824 24 8 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 24 9 with with ADP crl-16824 24 10 higher high ADJ crl-16824 24 11 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 24 12 , , PUNCT crl-16824 24 13 but but CCONJ crl-16824 24 14 three three NUM crl-16824 24 15 or or CCONJ crl-16824 24 16 more more ADJ crl-16824 24 17 workshops workshop NOUN crl-16824 24 18 had have VERB crl-16824 24 19 a a DET crl-16824 24 20 stronger strong ADJ crl-16824 24 21 correlation.10 correlation.10 NOUN crl-16824 24 22 in in ADP crl-16824 24 23 contrast contrast NOUN crl-16824 24 24 with with ADP crl-16824 24 25 wong wong PROPN crl-16824 24 26 and and CCONJ crl-16824 24 27 cmor cmor NOUN crl-16824 24 28 ’s ’s NOUN crl-16824 24 29 work work NOUN crl-16824 24 30 , , PUNCT crl-16824 24 31 felly felly ADV crl-16824 24 32 chiteng chiteng PROPN crl-16824 24 33 kot kot PROPN crl-16824 24 34 and and CCONJ crl-16824 24 35 jennifer jennifer PROPN crl-16824 24 36 jones jones PROPN crl-16824 24 37 found find VERB crl-16824 24 38 a a DET crl-16824 24 39 small small ADJ crl-16824 24 40 but but CCONJ crl-16824 24 41 significant significant ADJ crl-16824 24 42 gain gain NOUN crl-16824 24 43 in in ADP crl-16824 24 44 first first ADJ crl-16824 24 45 - - PUNCT crl-16824 24 46 term term NOUN crl-16824 24 47 gpa gpa NOUN crl-16824 24 48 in in ADP crl-16824 24 49 students student NOUN crl-16824 24 50 who who PRON crl-16824 24 51 participated participate VERB crl-16824 24 52 in in ADP crl-16824 24 53 a a DET crl-16824 24 54 variety variety NOUN crl-16824 24 55 of of ADP crl-16824 24 56 library library NOUN crl-16824 24 57 interactions interaction NOUN crl-16824 24 58 , , PUNCT crl-16824 24 59 as as SCONJ crl-16824 24 60 compared compare VERB crl-16824 24 61 with with ADP crl-16824 24 62 students student NOUN crl-16824 24 63 who who PRON crl-16824 24 64 did do VERB crl-16824 24 65 not.11 not.11 PRON crl-16824 24 66 most most ADV crl-16824 24 67 notable notable ADJ crl-16824 24 68 among among ADP crl-16824 24 69 those those DET crl-16824 24 70 interactions interaction NOUN crl-16824 24 71 were be AUX crl-16824 24 72 research research NOUN crl-16824 24 73 clinics clinic NOUN crl-16824 24 74 , , PUNCT crl-16824 24 75 which which PRON crl-16824 24 76 were be AUX crl-16824 24 77 one one NUM crl-16824 24 78 - - PUNCT crl-16824 24 79 hour hour NOUN crl-16824 24 80 workshops workshop NOUN crl-16824 24 81 on on ADP crl-16824 24 82 various various ADJ crl-16824 24 83 topics topic NOUN crl-16824 24 84 relating relate VERB crl-16824 24 85 to to ADP crl-16824 24 86 library library NOUN crl-16824 24 87 research research NOUN crl-16824 24 88 , , PUNCT crl-16824 24 89 rather rather ADV crl-16824 24 90 than than ADP crl-16824 24 91 the the DET crl-16824 24 92 course course NOUN crl-16824 24 93 - - PUNCT crl-16824 24 94 integrated integrate VERB crl-16824 24 95 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 24 96 sessions session NOUN crl-16824 24 97 described describe VERB crl-16824 24 98 in in ADP crl-16824 24 99 bowles bowles PROPN crl-16824 24 100 - - PUNCT crl-16824 24 101 terry terry PROPN crl-16824 24 102 and and CCONJ crl-16824 24 103 wong wong NOUN crl-16824 24 104 and and CCONJ crl-16824 24 105 cmor cmor VERB crl-16824 24 106 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 24 107 research research NOUN crl-16824 24 108 . . PUNCT crl-16824 25 1 kot kot PROPN crl-16824 25 2 and and CCONJ crl-16824 25 3 jones jones PROPN crl-16824 25 4 found find VERB crl-16824 25 5 a a DET crl-16824 25 6 statistically statistically ADV crl-16824 25 7 significant significant ADJ crl-16824 25 8 increase increase NOUN crl-16824 25 9 in in ADP crl-16824 25 10 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 25 11 with with ADP crl-16824 25 12 attendance attendance NOUN crl-16824 25 13 at at ADP crl-16824 25 14 just just ADV crl-16824 25 15 a a DET crl-16824 25 16 single single ADJ crl-16824 25 17 research research NOUN crl-16824 25 18 clinic clinic NOUN crl-16824 25 19 . . PUNCT crl-16824 26 1 their their PRON crl-16824 26 2 work work NOUN crl-16824 26 3 is be AUX crl-16824 26 4 notable notable ADJ crl-16824 26 5 for for ADP crl-16824 26 6 their their PRON crl-16824 26 7 use use NOUN crl-16824 26 8 of of ADP crl-16824 26 9 propensity propensity NOUN crl-16824 26 10 score score NOUN crl-16824 26 11 matching matching NOUN crl-16824 26 12 to to PART crl-16824 26 13 reduce reduce VERB crl-16824 26 14 self self NOUN crl-16824 26 15 - - PUNCT crl-16824 26 16 selection selection NOUN crl-16824 26 17 bias bias NOUN crl-16824 26 18 in in ADP crl-16824 26 19 their their PRON crl-16824 26 20 sample sample NOUN crl-16824 26 21 . . PUNCT crl-16824 27 1 the the DET crl-16824 27 2 authors author NOUN crl-16824 27 3 paired pair VERB crl-16824 27 4 students student NOUN crl-16824 27 5 who who PRON crl-16824 27 6 used use VERB crl-16824 27 7 library library NOUN crl-16824 27 8 resources resource NOUN crl-16824 27 9 with with ADP crl-16824 27 10 students student NOUN crl-16824 27 11 with with ADP crl-16824 27 12 similar similar ADJ crl-16824 27 13 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-16824 27 14 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 27 15 e.g. e.g. ADV crl-16824 27 16 , , PUNCT crl-16824 27 17 gender gender NOUN crl-16824 27 18 , , PUNCT crl-16824 27 19 race race NOUN crl-16824 27 20 , , PUNCT crl-16824 27 21 campus campus NOUN crl-16824 27 22 experiences experience NOUN crl-16824 27 23 , , PUNCT crl-16824 27 24 etc etc X crl-16824 27 25 . . PUNCT crl-16824 27 26 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 27 27 who who PRON crl-16824 27 28 did do VERB crl-16824 27 29 not not PART crl-16824 27 30 . . PUNCT crl-16824 28 1 this this DET crl-16824 28 2 strategy strategy NOUN crl-16824 28 3 allowed allow VERB crl-16824 28 4 them they PRON crl-16824 28 5 to to PART crl-16824 28 6 mimic mimic VERB crl-16824 28 7 the the DET crl-16824 28 8 effect effect NOUN crl-16824 28 9 of of ADP crl-16824 28 10 treatment treatment NOUN crl-16824 28 11 and and CCONJ crl-16824 28 12 control control NOUN crl-16824 28 13 groups group NOUN crl-16824 28 14 by by ADP crl-16824 28 15 sorting sort VERB crl-16824 28 16 roughly roughly ADV crl-16824 28 17 equivalent equivalent ADJ crl-16824 28 18 groups group NOUN crl-16824 28 19 of of ADP crl-16824 28 20 students student NOUN crl-16824 28 21 into into ADP crl-16824 28 22 both both PRON crl-16824 28 23 the the DET crl-16824 28 24 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 28 25 treatment treatment NOUN crl-16824 28 26 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 28 27 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 28 28 used use VERB crl-16824 28 29 library library NOUN crl-16824 28 30 resources resource NOUN crl-16824 28 31 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 28 32 and and CCONJ crl-16824 28 33 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 28 34 control control NOUN crl-16824 28 35 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 28 36 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 28 37 did do AUX crl-16824 28 38 not not PART crl-16824 28 39 use use VERB crl-16824 28 40 library library NOUN crl-16824 28 41 resources resource NOUN crl-16824 28 42 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 28 43 groups.12 groups.12 NOUN crl-16824 28 44 these these DET crl-16824 28 45 three three NUM crl-16824 28 46 studies study NOUN crl-16824 28 47 , , PUNCT crl-16824 28 48 each each PRON crl-16824 28 49 demonstrating demonstrate VERB crl-16824 28 50 a a DET crl-16824 28 51 positive positive ADJ crl-16824 28 52 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 28 53 between between ADP crl-16824 28 54 participation participation NOUN crl-16824 28 55 in in ADP crl-16824 28 56 library library NOUN crl-16824 28 57 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 28 58 and and CCONJ crl-16824 28 59 students student NOUN crl-16824 28 60 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 28 61 graduating graduate VERB crl-16824 28 62 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 28 63 , , PUNCT crl-16824 28 64 make make VERB crl-16824 28 65 the the DET crl-16824 28 66 negative negative ADJ crl-16824 28 67 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 28 68 demonstrated demonstrate VERB crl-16824 28 69 by by ADP crl-16824 28 70 krista krista PROPN crl-16824 28 71 soria soria PROPN crl-16824 28 72 , , PUNCT crl-16824 28 73 jan jan PROPN crl-16824 28 74 fransen fransen PROPN crl-16824 28 75 , , PUNCT crl-16824 28 76 and and CCONJ crl-16824 28 77 shane shane ADJ crl-16824 28 78 nackerud nackerud NOUN crl-16824 28 79 that that ADV crl-16824 28 80 much much ADV crl-16824 28 81 more more ADV crl-16824 28 82 surprising surprising ADJ crl-16824 28 83 . . PUNCT crl-16824 29 1 in in ADP crl-16824 29 2 the the DET crl-16824 29 3 largest large ADJ crl-16824 29 4 study study NOUN crl-16824 29 5 of of ADP crl-16824 29 6 its its PRON crl-16824 29 7 kind kind NOUN crl-16824 29 8 within within ADP crl-16824 29 9 the the DET crl-16824 29 10 united united PROPN crl-16824 29 11 states states PROPN crl-16824 29 12 , , PUNCT crl-16824 29 13 soria soria PROPN crl-16824 29 14 and and CCONJ crl-16824 29 15 her her PRON crl-16824 29 16 co co NOUN crl-16824 29 17 - - NOUN crl-16824 29 18 authors author NOUN crl-16824 29 19 examined examine VERB crl-16824 29 20 the the DET crl-16824 29 21 intersection intersection NOUN crl-16824 29 22 of of ADP crl-16824 29 23 multiple multiple ADJ crl-16824 29 24 library library NOUN crl-16824 29 25 resources resource NOUN crl-16824 29 26 and and CCONJ crl-16824 29 27 services service NOUN crl-16824 29 28 with with ADP crl-16824 29 29 student student NOUN crl-16824 29 30 retention retention NOUN crl-16824 29 31 and and CCONJ crl-16824 29 32 success success NOUN crl-16824 29 33 at at ADP crl-16824 29 34 the the DET crl-16824 29 35 university university PROPN crl-16824 29 36 of of ADP crl-16824 29 37 minnesota.13 minnesota.13 PROPN crl-16824 29 38 they they PRON crl-16824 29 39 studied study VERB crl-16824 29 40 over over ADP crl-16824 29 41 5,300 5,300 NUM crl-16824 29 42 first first ADJ crl-16824 29 43 - - PUNCT crl-16824 29 44 year year NOUN crl-16824 29 45 , , PUNCT crl-16824 29 46 non non ADJ crl-16824 29 47 - - ADJ crl-16824 29 48 transfer transfer ADJ crl-16824 29 49 undergraduate undergraduate NOUN crl-16824 29 50 students student NOUN crl-16824 29 51 ; ; PUNCT crl-16824 29 52 the the DET crl-16824 29 53 study study NOUN crl-16824 29 54 is be AUX crl-16824 29 55 particularly particularly ADV crl-16824 29 56 groundbreaking groundbreake VERB crl-16824 29 57 for for ADP crl-16824 29 58 its its PRON crl-16824 29 59 extensive extensive ADJ crl-16824 29 60 controls control NOUN crl-16824 29 61 for for ADP crl-16824 29 62 demographic demographic ADJ crl-16824 29 63 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-16824 29 64 , , PUNCT crl-16824 29 65 pre pre ADJ crl-16824 29 66 - - ADJ crl-16824 29 67 college college ADJ crl-16824 29 68 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 29 69 preparation preparation NOUN crl-16824 29 70 , , PUNCT crl-16824 29 71 and and CCONJ crl-16824 29 72 campus campus NOUN crl-16824 29 73 experiences experience NOUN crl-16824 29 74 . . PUNCT crl-16824 30 1 the the DET crl-16824 30 2 authors author NOUN crl-16824 30 3 found find VERB crl-16824 30 4 that that SCONJ crl-16824 30 5 students student NOUN crl-16824 30 6 who who PRON crl-16824 30 7 utilized utilize VERB crl-16824 30 8 at at ADP crl-16824 30 9 least least ADV crl-16824 30 10 one one NUM crl-16824 30 11 library library NOUN crl-16824 30 12 resource resource NOUN crl-16824 30 13 or or CCONJ crl-16824 30 14 service service NOUN crl-16824 30 15 — — PUNCT crl-16824 30 16 e.g. e.g. ADV crl-16824 30 17 , , PUNCT crl-16824 30 18 checking check VERB crl-16824 30 19 out out ADP crl-16824 30 20 books book NOUN crl-16824 30 21 , , PUNCT crl-16824 30 22 logging log VERB crl-16824 30 23 into into ADP crl-16824 30 24 electronic electronic ADJ crl-16824 30 25 journals journal NOUN crl-16824 30 26 , , PUNCT crl-16824 30 27 or or CCONJ crl-16824 30 28 using use VERB crl-16824 30 29 chat chat NOUN crl-16824 30 30 reference reference NOUN crl-16824 30 31 — — PUNCT crl-16824 30 32 at at ADP crl-16824 30 33 least least ADJ crl-16824 30 34 once once ADV crl-16824 30 35 during during ADP crl-16824 30 36 their their PRON crl-16824 30 37 first first ADJ crl-16824 30 38 semester semester NOUN crl-16824 30 39 had have VERB crl-16824 30 40 a a DET crl-16824 30 41 higher high ADJ crl-16824 30 42 first first ADJ crl-16824 30 43 - - PUNCT crl-16824 30 44 term term NOUN crl-16824 30 45 gpa gpa NOUN crl-16824 30 46 , , PUNCT crl-16824 30 47 and and CCONJ crl-16824 30 48 higher high ADJ crl-16824 30 49 fall fall NOUN crl-16824 30 50 - - PUNCT crl-16824 30 51 to to ADP crl-16824 30 52 - - PUNCT crl-16824 30 53 spring spring NOUN crl-16824 30 54 semester semester NOUN crl-16824 30 55 retention retention NOUN crl-16824 30 56 , , PUNCT crl-16824 30 57 in in ADP crl-16824 30 58 comparison comparison NOUN crl-16824 30 59 to to ADP crl-16824 30 60 non non ADJ crl-16824 30 61 - - ADJ crl-16824 30 62 library library ADJ crl-16824 30 63 users user NOUN crl-16824 30 64 . . PUNCT crl-16824 31 1 students student NOUN crl-16824 31 2 who who PRON crl-16824 31 3 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 31 4 in in ADP crl-16824 31 5 a a DET crl-16824 31 6 credit credit NOUN crl-16824 31 7 - - PUNCT crl-16824 31 8 bearing bear VERB crl-16824 31 9 library library NOUN crl-16824 31 10 research research NOUN crl-16824 31 11 course course NOUN crl-16824 31 12 also also ADV crl-16824 31 13 had have VERB crl-16824 31 14 a a DET crl-16824 31 15 higher high ADJ crl-16824 31 16 fall fall NOUN crl-16824 31 17 - - PUNCT crl-16824 31 18 to to ADP crl-16824 31 19 - - PUNCT crl-16824 31 20 spring spring NOUN crl-16824 31 21 retention retention NOUN crl-16824 31 22 rate rate NOUN crl-16824 31 23 . . PUNCT crl-16824 32 1 however however ADV crl-16824 32 2 , , PUNCT crl-16824 32 3 their their PRON crl-16824 32 4 data datum NOUN crl-16824 32 5 also also ADV crl-16824 32 6 reveal reveal VERB crl-16824 32 7 that that SCONJ crl-16824 32 8 740 740 NUM crl-16824 32 9 college college NOUN crl-16824 32 10 & & CCONJ crl-16824 32 11 research research PROPN crl-16824 32 12 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 32 13 september september PROPN crl-16824 32 14 2018 2018 NUM crl-16824 32 15 participation participation NOUN crl-16824 32 16 in in ADP crl-16824 32 17 a a DET crl-16824 32 18 course course NOUN crl-16824 32 19 - - PUNCT crl-16824 32 20 integrated integrate VERB crl-16824 32 21 library library NOUN crl-16824 32 22 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 32 23 session session NOUN crl-16824 32 24 was be AUX crl-16824 32 25 associated associate VERB crl-16824 32 26 with with ADP crl-16824 32 27 a a DET crl-16824 32 28 decrease decrease NOUN crl-16824 32 29 of of ADP crl-16824 32 30 0.08 0.08 NUM crl-16824 32 31 points point NOUN crl-16824 32 32 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 32 33 on on ADP crl-16824 32 34 a a DET crl-16824 32 35 four four NUM crl-16824 32 36 - - PUNCT crl-16824 32 37 point point NOUN crl-16824 32 38 scale scale NOUN crl-16824 32 39 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 32 40 in in ADP crl-16824 32 41 students student NOUN crl-16824 32 42 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 32 43 first first ADJ crl-16824 32 44 - - PUNCT crl-16824 32 45 year year NOUN crl-16824 32 46 gpas.14 gpas.14 NOUN crl-16824 32 47 although although SCONJ crl-16824 32 48 the the DET crl-16824 32 49 practical practical ADJ crl-16824 32 50 significance significance NOUN crl-16824 32 51 of of ADP crl-16824 32 52 such such DET crl-16824 32 53 a a DET crl-16824 32 54 small small ADJ crl-16824 32 55 differential differential NOUN crl-16824 32 56 is be AUX crl-16824 32 57 minor minor ADJ crl-16824 32 58 , , PUNCT crl-16824 32 59 it it PRON crl-16824 32 60 still still ADV crl-16824 32 61 represents represent VERB crl-16824 32 62 a a DET crl-16824 32 63 negative negative ADJ crl-16824 32 64 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 32 65 . . PUNCT crl-16824 33 1 while while SCONJ crl-16824 33 2 the the DET crl-16824 33 3 authors author NOUN crl-16824 33 4 note note VERB crl-16824 33 5 challenges challenge NOUN crl-16824 33 6 with with ADP crl-16824 33 7 measuring measure VERB crl-16824 33 8 the the DET crl-16824 33 9 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN crl-16824 33 10 of of ADP crl-16824 33 11 library library NOUN crl-16824 33 12 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 33 13 , , PUNCT crl-16824 33 14 they they PRON crl-16824 33 15 offered offer VERB crl-16824 33 16 no no DET crl-16824 33 17 specific specific ADJ crl-16824 33 18 explanation explanation NOUN crl-16824 33 19 for for ADP crl-16824 33 20 this this DET crl-16824 33 21 negative negative ADJ crl-16824 33 22 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 33 23 , , PUNCT crl-16824 33 24 prompting prompt VERB crl-16824 33 25 the the DET crl-16824 33 26 current current ADJ crl-16824 33 27 study.15 study.15 NOUN crl-16824 33 28 while while SCONJ crl-16824 33 29 many many ADJ crl-16824 33 30 researchers researcher NOUN crl-16824 33 31 have have AUX crl-16824 33 32 examined examine VERB crl-16824 33 33 the the DET crl-16824 33 34 relationship relationship NOUN crl-16824 33 35 between between ADP crl-16824 33 36 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 33 37 and and CCONJ crl-16824 33 38 kinds kind NOUN crl-16824 33 39 of of ADP crl-16824 33 40 library library NOUN crl-16824 33 41 interaction interaction NOUN crl-16824 33 42 that that PRON crl-16824 33 43 are be AUX crl-16824 33 44 not not PART crl-16824 33 45 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 33 46 - - PUNCT crl-16824 33 47 based base VERB crl-16824 33 48 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 33 49 e.g. e.g. ADV crl-16824 33 50 , , PUNCT crl-16824 33 51 using use VERB crl-16824 33 52 books book NOUN crl-16824 33 53 or or CCONJ crl-16824 33 54 online online ADJ crl-16824 33 55 resources resource NOUN crl-16824 33 56 , , PUNCT crl-16824 33 57 reserving reserve VERB crl-16824 33 58 study study NOUN crl-16824 33 59 rooms room NOUN crl-16824 33 60 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 33 61 , , PUNCT crl-16824 33 62 those those DET crl-16824 33 63 studies study NOUN crl-16824 33 64 fall fall VERB crl-16824 33 65 outside outside ADP crl-16824 33 66 the the DET crl-16824 33 67 scope scope NOUN crl-16824 33 68 of of ADP crl-16824 33 69 this this DET crl-16824 33 70 review review NOUN crl-16824 33 71 of of ADP crl-16824 33 72 the the DET crl-16824 33 73 literature literature NOUN crl-16824 33 74 . . PUNCT crl-16824 34 1 nevertheless nevertheless ADV crl-16824 34 2 , , PUNCT crl-16824 34 3 one one NUM crl-16824 34 4 exception exception NOUN crl-16824 34 5 is be AUX crl-16824 34 6 the the DET crl-16824 34 7 work work NOUN crl-16824 34 8 of of ADP crl-16824 34 9 deeann deeann PROPN crl-16824 34 10 allison allison NOUN crl-16824 34 11 at at ADP crl-16824 34 12 the the DET crl-16824 34 13 university university PROPN crl-16824 34 14 of of ADP crl-16824 34 15 nebraska nebraska PROPN crl-16824 34 16 — — PUNCT crl-16824 34 17 lincoln.16 lincoln.16 PROPN crl-16824 34 18 because because SCONJ crl-16824 34 19 allison allison PROPN crl-16824 34 20 took take VERB crl-16824 34 21 into into ADP crl-16824 34 22 account account NOUN crl-16824 34 23 students student NOUN crl-16824 34 24 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 34 25 large large ADJ crl-16824 34 26 - - PUNCT crl-16824 34 27 scale scale NOUN crl-16824 34 28 disciplines discipline NOUN crl-16824 34 29 of of ADP crl-16824 34 30 study study NOUN crl-16824 34 31 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 34 32 humanities humanity NOUN crl-16824 34 33 , , PUNCT crl-16824 34 34 social social ADJ crl-16824 34 35 sciences science NOUN crl-16824 34 36 , , PUNCT crl-16824 34 37 or or CCONJ crl-16824 34 38 stem stem NOUN crl-16824 34 39 disciplines discipline NOUN crl-16824 34 40 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 34 41 , , PUNCT crl-16824 34 42 it it PRON crl-16824 34 43 is be AUX crl-16824 34 44 included include VERB crl-16824 34 45 here here ADV crl-16824 34 46 for for ADP crl-16824 34 47 its its PRON crl-16824 34 48 relationship relationship NOUN crl-16824 34 49 to to ADP crl-16824 34 50 this this DET crl-16824 34 51 current current ADJ crl-16824 34 52 study study NOUN crl-16824 34 53 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 34 54 methodology methodology NOUN crl-16824 34 55 , , PUNCT crl-16824 34 56 which which PRON crl-16824 34 57 accounts account VERB crl-16824 34 58 for for ADP crl-16824 34 59 students student NOUN crl-16824 34 60 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 34 61 majors major NOUN crl-16824 34 62 . . PUNCT crl-16824 35 1 allison allison PROPN crl-16824 35 2 found find VERB crl-16824 35 3 the the DET crl-16824 35 4 strongest strong ADJ crl-16824 35 5 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 35 6 between between ADP crl-16824 35 7 library library NOUN crl-16824 35 8 use use NOUN crl-16824 35 9 and and CCONJ crl-16824 35 10 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 35 11 in in ADP crl-16824 35 12 students student NOUN crl-16824 35 13 who who PRON crl-16824 35 14 majored major VERB crl-16824 35 15 in in ADP crl-16824 35 16 humanities humanity NOUN crl-16824 35 17 disciplines discipline VERB crl-16824 35 18 . . PUNCT crl-16824 36 1 she she PRON crl-16824 36 2 also also ADV crl-16824 36 3 took take VERB crl-16824 36 4 a a DET crl-16824 36 5 different different ADJ crl-16824 36 6 approach approach NOUN crl-16824 36 7 to to ADP crl-16824 36 8 the the DET crl-16824 36 9 question question NOUN crl-16824 36 10 of of ADP crl-16824 36 11 library library NOUN crl-16824 36 12 use use NOUN crl-16824 36 13 and and CCONJ crl-16824 36 14 students student NOUN crl-16824 36 15 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 36 16 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 36 17 by by ADP crl-16824 36 18 reversing reverse VERB crl-16824 36 19 the the DET crl-16824 36 20 independent independent ADJ crl-16824 36 21 and and CCONJ crl-16824 36 22 dependent dependent ADJ crl-16824 36 23 variables variable NOUN crl-16824 36 24 in in ADP crl-16824 36 25 one one NUM crl-16824 36 26 aspect aspect NOUN crl-16824 36 27 of of ADP crl-16824 36 28 her her PRON crl-16824 36 29 study study NOUN crl-16824 36 30 . . PUNCT crl-16824 37 1 she she PRON crl-16824 37 2 found find VERB crl-16824 37 3 that that SCONJ crl-16824 37 4 undergraduates undergraduate VERB crl-16824 37 5 with with ADP crl-16824 37 6 higher high ADJ crl-16824 37 7 than than ADP crl-16824 37 8 average average ADJ crl-16824 37 9 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 37 10 accessed access VERB crl-16824 37 11 electronic electronic ADJ crl-16824 37 12 resources resource NOUN crl-16824 37 13 from from ADP crl-16824 37 14 off off ADP crl-16824 37 15 campus campus NOUN crl-16824 37 16 and and CCONJ crl-16824 37 17 checked check VERB crl-16824 37 18 out out ADP crl-16824 37 19 print print NOUN crl-16824 37 20 books book NOUN crl-16824 37 21 more more ADV crl-16824 37 22 often often ADV crl-16824 37 23 than than ADP crl-16824 37 24 students student NOUN crl-16824 37 25 with with ADP crl-16824 37 26 lower low ADJ crl-16824 37 27 than than ADP crl-16824 37 28 average average ADJ crl-16824 37 29 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 37 30 . . PUNCT crl-16824 38 1 allison allison PROPN crl-16824 38 2 cautions caution VERB crl-16824 38 3 , , PUNCT crl-16824 38 4 however however ADV crl-16824 38 5 , , PUNCT crl-16824 38 6 that that SCONJ crl-16824 38 7 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 38 8 it it PRON crl-16824 38 9 is be AUX crl-16824 38 10 difficult difficult ADJ crl-16824 38 11 to to PART crl-16824 38 12 say say VERB crl-16824 38 13 whether whether SCONJ crl-16824 38 14 library library NOUN crl-16824 38 15 use use NOUN crl-16824 38 16 makes make VERB crl-16824 38 17 good good ADJ crl-16824 38 18 students student NOUN crl-16824 38 19 , , PUNCT crl-16824 38 20 or or CCONJ crl-16824 38 21 library library NOUN crl-16824 38 22 use use NOUN crl-16824 38 23 is be AUX crl-16824 38 24 a a DET crl-16824 38 25 characteristic characteristic NOUN crl-16824 38 26 of of ADP crl-16824 38 27 a a DET crl-16824 38 28 good good ADJ crl-16824 38 29 student student NOUN crl-16824 38 30 . . PUNCT crl-16824 38 31 ”17 ”17 PROPN crl-16824 39 1 one one NUM crl-16824 39 2 other other ADJ crl-16824 39 3 study study NOUN crl-16824 39 4 already already ADV crl-16824 39 5 cited cite VERB crl-16824 39 6 above above ADV crl-16824 39 7 also also ADV crl-16824 39 8 sorted sort VERB crl-16824 39 9 student student NOUN crl-16824 39 10 participants participant NOUN crl-16824 39 11 into into ADP crl-16824 39 12 groups group NOUN crl-16824 39 13 by by ADP crl-16824 39 14 their their PRON crl-16824 39 15 majors major NOUN crl-16824 39 16 or or CCONJ crl-16824 39 17 larger large ADJ crl-16824 39 18 fields field NOUN crl-16824 39 19 : : PUNCT crl-16824 39 20 in in ADP crl-16824 39 21 wong wong PROPN crl-16824 39 22 and and CCONJ crl-16824 39 23 cmor cmor NOUN crl-16824 39 24 ’s ’s NOUN crl-16824 39 25 work work NOUN crl-16824 39 26 , , PUNCT crl-16824 39 27 it it PRON crl-16824 39 28 was be AUX crl-16824 39 29 precisely precisely ADV crl-16824 39 30 the the DET crl-16824 39 31 separation separation NOUN crl-16824 39 32 of of ADP crl-16824 39 33 participants participant NOUN crl-16824 39 34 by by ADP crl-16824 39 35 majors major NOUN crl-16824 39 36 that that PRON crl-16824 39 37 enabled enable VERB crl-16824 39 38 the the DET crl-16824 39 39 authors author NOUN crl-16824 39 40 to to PART crl-16824 39 41 discover discover VERB crl-16824 39 42 that that SCONJ crl-16824 39 43 more more ADJ crl-16824 39 44 than than ADP crl-16824 39 45 two two NUM crl-16824 39 46 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 39 47 sessions session NOUN crl-16824 39 48 increased increase VERB crl-16824 39 49 the the DET crl-16824 39 50 likelihood likelihood NOUN crl-16824 39 51 of of ADP crl-16824 39 52 a a DET crl-16824 39 53 positive positive ADJ crl-16824 39 54 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 39 55 between between ADP crl-16824 39 56 the the DET crl-16824 39 57 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 39 58 and and CCONJ crl-16824 39 59 students student NOUN crl-16824 39 60 ’ ' PUNCT crl-16824 39 61 gpas.18 gpas.18 VERB crl-16824 39 62 an an DET crl-16824 39 63 earlier early ADJ crl-16824 39 64 research research NOUN crl-16824 39 65 project project NOUN crl-16824 39 66 by by ADP crl-16824 39 67 wong wong PROPN crl-16824 39 68 , , PUNCT crl-16824 39 69 with with ADP crl-16824 39 70 co co NOUN crl-16824 39 71 - - NOUN crl-16824 39 72 author author NOUN crl-16824 39 73 t.d t.d PROPN crl-16824 39 74 . . PROPN crl-16824 39 75 webb webb PROPN crl-16824 39 76 , , PUNCT crl-16824 39 77 also also ADV crl-16824 39 78 divided divide VERB crl-16824 39 79 participants participant NOUN crl-16824 39 80 by by ADP crl-16824 39 81 their their PRON crl-16824 39 82 majors major NOUN crl-16824 39 83 and and CCONJ crl-16824 39 84 compared compare VERB crl-16824 39 85 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 39 86 of of ADP crl-16824 39 87 students student NOUN crl-16824 39 88 who who PRON crl-16824 39 89 did do VERB crl-16824 39 90 and and CCONJ crl-16824 39 91 did do AUX crl-16824 39 92 not not PART crl-16824 39 93 check check VERB crl-16824 39 94 out out ADP crl-16824 39 95 materials material NOUN crl-16824 39 96 from from ADP crl-16824 39 97 the the DET crl-16824 39 98 library library NOUN crl-16824 39 99 only only ADV crl-16824 39 100 within within ADP crl-16824 39 101 the the DET crl-16824 39 102 same same ADJ crl-16824 39 103 department department NOUN crl-16824 39 104 , , PUNCT crl-16824 39 105 rather rather ADV crl-16824 39 106 than than ADP crl-16824 39 107 across across ADP crl-16824 39 108 departments.19 departments.19 NOUN crl-16824 39 109 by by ADP crl-16824 39 110 comparing compare VERB crl-16824 39 111 only only ADJ crl-16824 39 112 students student NOUN crl-16824 39 113 within within ADP crl-16824 39 114 the the DET crl-16824 39 115 same same ADJ crl-16824 39 116 department department NOUN crl-16824 39 117 , , PUNCT crl-16824 39 118 wong wong PROPN crl-16824 39 119 and and CCONJ crl-16824 39 120 webb webb PROPN crl-16824 39 121 were be AUX crl-16824 39 122 motivated motivate VERB crl-16824 39 123 by by ADP crl-16824 39 124 the the DET crl-16824 39 125 same same ADJ crl-16824 39 126 concern concern NOUN crl-16824 39 127 as as SCONJ crl-16824 39 128 the the DET crl-16824 39 129 research research NOUN crl-16824 39 130 reported report VERB crl-16824 39 131 here here ADV crl-16824 39 132 : : PUNCT crl-16824 39 133 a a DET crl-16824 39 134 desire desire NOUN crl-16824 39 135 to to PART crl-16824 39 136 account account VERB crl-16824 39 137 for for ADP crl-16824 39 138 different different ADJ crl-16824 39 139 disciplinary disciplinary ADJ crl-16824 39 140 grading grading NOUN crl-16824 39 141 standards standard NOUN crl-16824 39 142 . . PUNCT crl-16824 40 1 wong wong PROPN crl-16824 40 2 and and CCONJ crl-16824 40 3 webb webb PROPN crl-16824 40 4 ’s ’s NOUN crl-16824 40 5 approach approach NOUN crl-16824 40 6 is be AUX crl-16824 40 7 appropriate appropriate ADJ crl-16824 40 8 for for ADP crl-16824 40 9 the the DET crl-16824 40 10 very very ADV crl-16824 40 11 large large ADJ crl-16824 40 12 data datum NOUN crl-16824 40 13 sets set NOUN crl-16824 40 14 available available ADJ crl-16824 40 15 at at ADP crl-16824 40 16 a a DET crl-16824 40 17 large large ADJ crl-16824 40 18 research research NOUN crl-16824 40 19 university university NOUN crl-16824 40 20 , , PUNCT crl-16824 40 21 where where SCONJ crl-16824 40 22 each each DET crl-16824 40 23 major major ADJ crl-16824 40 24 might might AUX crl-16824 40 25 have have VERB crl-16824 40 26 hundreds hundred NOUN crl-16824 40 27 of of ADP crl-16824 40 28 student student NOUN crl-16824 40 29 graduates graduate NOUN crl-16824 40 30 within within ADP crl-16824 40 31 a a DET crl-16824 40 32 few few ADJ crl-16824 40 33 years year NOUN crl-16824 40 34 . . PUNCT crl-16824 41 1 the the DET crl-16824 41 2 current current ADJ crl-16824 41 3 study study NOUN crl-16824 41 4 ’s ’s NOUN crl-16824 41 5 approach approach NOUN crl-16824 41 6 of of ADP crl-16824 41 7 normalizing normalize VERB crl-16824 41 8 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 41 9 works work VERB crl-16824 41 10 with with ADP crl-16824 41 11 the the DET crl-16824 41 12 smaller small ADJ crl-16824 41 13 data datum NOUN crl-16824 41 14 sets set NOUN crl-16824 41 15 available available ADJ crl-16824 41 16 at at ADP crl-16824 41 17 a a DET crl-16824 41 18 smaller small ADJ crl-16824 41 19 institution institution NOUN crl-16824 41 20 , , PUNCT crl-16824 41 21 and and CCONJ crl-16824 41 22 allows allow VERB crl-16824 41 23 researchers researcher NOUN crl-16824 41 24 to to PART crl-16824 41 25 compare compare VERB crl-16824 41 26 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 41 27 across across ADP crl-16824 41 28 an an DET crl-16824 41 29 entire entire ADJ crl-16824 41 30 college college NOUN crl-16824 41 31 or or CCONJ crl-16824 41 32 university university NOUN crl-16824 41 33 . . PUNCT crl-16824 42 1 none none NOUN crl-16824 42 2 of of ADP crl-16824 42 3 the the DET crl-16824 42 4 research research NOUN crl-16824 42 5 published publish VERB crl-16824 42 6 to to ADP crl-16824 42 7 date date NOUN crl-16824 42 8 duplicates duplicate VERB crl-16824 42 9 the the DET crl-16824 42 10 methodology methodology NOUN crl-16824 42 11 presented present VERB crl-16824 42 12 here here ADV crl-16824 42 13 , , PUNCT crl-16824 42 14 which which PRON crl-16824 42 15 seeks seek VERB crl-16824 42 16 to to PART crl-16824 42 17 neutralize neutralize VERB crl-16824 42 18 the the DET crl-16824 42 19 differences difference NOUN crl-16824 42 20 between between ADP crl-16824 42 21 grading grade VERB crl-16824 42 22 standards standard NOUN crl-16824 42 23 in in ADP crl-16824 42 24 different different ADJ crl-16824 42 25 departments department NOUN crl-16824 42 26 and and CCONJ crl-16824 42 27 disciplines discipline NOUN crl-16824 42 28 , , PUNCT crl-16824 42 29 so so SCONJ crl-16824 42 30 that that SCONJ crl-16824 42 31 differences difference NOUN crl-16824 42 32 in in ADP crl-16824 42 33 students student NOUN crl-16824 42 34 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 42 35 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 42 36 might might AUX crl-16824 42 37 be be AUX crl-16824 42 38 more more ADV crl-16824 42 39 directly directly ADV crl-16824 42 40 attributable attributable ADJ crl-16824 42 41 to to ADP crl-16824 42 42 their their PRON crl-16824 42 43 experience experience NOUN crl-16824 42 44 with with ADP crl-16824 42 45 library library NOUN crl-16824 42 46 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 42 47 , , PUNCT crl-16824 42 48 rather rather ADV crl-16824 42 49 than than ADP crl-16824 42 50 an an DET crl-16824 42 51 artifact artifact NOUN crl-16824 42 52 of of ADP crl-16824 42 53 varying vary VERB crl-16824 42 54 grading grade VERB crl-16824 42 55 standards standard NOUN crl-16824 42 56 across across ADP crl-16824 42 57 the the DET crl-16824 42 58 college college NOUN crl-16824 42 59 . . PUNCT crl-16824 43 1 methods method NOUN crl-16824 43 2 after after SCONJ crl-16824 43 3 the the DET crl-16824 43 4 project project NOUN crl-16824 43 5 was be AUX crl-16824 43 6 approved approve VERB crl-16824 43 7 by by ADP crl-16824 43 8 the the DET crl-16824 43 9 saint saint PROPN crl-16824 43 10 mary mary PROPN crl-16824 43 11 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 43 12 college college NOUN crl-16824 43 13 review review NOUN crl-16824 43 14 board board NOUN crl-16824 43 15 for for ADP crl-16824 43 16 research research NOUN crl-16824 43 17 with with ADP crl-16824 43 18 human human ADJ crl-16824 43 19 subjects subject NOUN crl-16824 43 20 , , PUNCT crl-16824 43 21 the the DET crl-16824 43 22 authors author NOUN crl-16824 43 23 worked work VERB crl-16824 43 24 with with ADP crl-16824 43 25 the the DET crl-16824 43 26 office office NOUN crl-16824 43 27 of of ADP crl-16824 43 28 institutional institutional ADJ crl-16824 43 29 research research NOUN crl-16824 43 30 and and CCONJ crl-16824 43 31 assessment assessment NOUN crl-16824 43 32 to to PART crl-16824 43 33 collect collect VERB crl-16824 43 34 data datum NOUN crl-16824 43 35 on on ADP crl-16824 43 36 students student NOUN crl-16824 43 37 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 43 38 transcripts transcript NOUN crl-16824 43 39 and and CCONJ crl-16824 43 40 cumulative cumulative ADJ crl-16824 43 41 grade grade NOUN crl-16824 43 42 - - PUNCT crl-16824 43 43 point point NOUN crl-16824 43 44 averages average NOUN crl-16824 43 45 , , PUNCT crl-16824 43 46 beginning begin VERB crl-16824 43 47 with with ADP crl-16824 43 48 a a DET crl-16824 43 49 list list NOUN crl-16824 43 50 of of ADP crl-16824 43 51 all all DET crl-16824 43 52 courses course NOUN crl-16824 43 53 that that PRON crl-16824 43 54 had have VERB crl-16824 43 55 at at ADV crl-16824 43 56 least least ADV crl-16824 43 57 one one NUM crl-16824 43 58 library library NOUN crl-16824 43 59 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 43 60 session session NOUN crl-16824 43 61 from from ADP crl-16824 43 62 fall fall NOUN crl-16824 43 63 2008 2008 NUM crl-16824 43 64 through through ADP crl-16824 43 65 spring spring NOUN crl-16824 43 66 2015 2015 NUM crl-16824 43 67 . . PUNCT crl-16824 44 1 this this DET crl-16824 44 2 list list NOUN crl-16824 44 3 included include VERB crl-16824 44 4 every every DET crl-16824 44 5 course course NOUN crl-16824 44 6 with with ADP crl-16824 44 7 library library NOUN crl-16824 44 8 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 44 9 taken take VERB crl-16824 44 10 by by ADP crl-16824 44 11 students student NOUN crl-16824 44 12 graduating graduate VERB crl-16824 44 13 with with ADP crl-16824 44 14 the the DET crl-16824 44 15 classes class NOUN crl-16824 44 16 of of ADP crl-16824 44 17 2012 2012 NUM crl-16824 44 18 through through ADP crl-16824 44 19 2015 2015 NUM crl-16824 44 20 . . PUNCT crl-16824 45 1 the the DET crl-16824 45 2 staff staff NOUN crl-16824 45 3 of of ADP crl-16824 45 4 the the DET crl-16824 45 5 office office NOUN crl-16824 45 6 of of ADP crl-16824 45 7 institutional institutional ADJ crl-16824 45 8 research research NOUN crl-16824 45 9 and and CCONJ crl-16824 45 10 assessment assessment NOUN crl-16824 45 11 then then ADV crl-16824 45 12 ran run VERB crl-16824 45 13 that that DET crl-16824 45 14 list list NOUN crl-16824 45 15 of of ADP crl-16824 45 16 courses course NOUN crl-16824 45 17 against against ADP crl-16824 45 18 the the DET crl-16824 45 19 transcripts transcript NOUN crl-16824 45 20 of of ADP crl-16824 45 21 students student NOUN crl-16824 45 22 graduating graduate VERB crl-16824 45 23 with with ADP crl-16824 45 24 the the DET crl-16824 45 25 classes class NOUN crl-16824 45 26 of of ADP crl-16824 45 27 2012 2012 NUM crl-16824 45 28 through through ADP crl-16824 45 29 2015 2015 NUM crl-16824 45 30 . . PUNCT crl-16824 46 1 the the DET crl-16824 46 2 academic academic PROPN crl-16824 46 3 library library PROPN crl-16824 46 4 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 46 5 contribution contribution NOUN crl-16824 46 6 to to ADP crl-16824 46 7 student student NOUN crl-16824 46 8 success success NOUN crl-16824 46 9 741 741 NUM crl-16824 46 10 the the DET crl-16824 46 11 list list NOUN crl-16824 46 12 of of ADP crl-16824 46 13 graduating graduate VERB crl-16824 46 14 students student NOUN crl-16824 46 15 included include VERB crl-16824 46 16 1380 1380 NUM crl-16824 46 17 individuals individual NOUN crl-16824 46 18 . . PUNCT crl-16824 47 1 students student NOUN crl-16824 47 2 who who PRON crl-16824 47 3 matriculated matriculate VERB crl-16824 47 4 between between ADP crl-16824 47 5 fall fall NOUN crl-16824 47 6 2008 2008 NUM crl-16824 47 7 and and CCONJ crl-16824 47 8 fall fall VERB crl-16824 47 9 2011 2011 NUM crl-16824 47 10 , , PUNCT crl-16824 47 11 but but CCONJ crl-16824 47 12 did do AUX crl-16824 47 13 not not PART crl-16824 47 14 graduate graduate VERB crl-16824 47 15 , , PUNCT crl-16824 47 16 were be AUX crl-16824 47 17 excluded exclude VERB crl-16824 47 18 from from ADP crl-16824 47 19 the the DET crl-16824 47 20 study study NOUN crl-16824 47 21 . . PUNCT crl-16824 48 1 students student NOUN crl-16824 48 2 who who PRON crl-16824 48 3 took take VERB crl-16824 48 4 more more ADJ crl-16824 48 5 than than ADP crl-16824 48 6 four four NUM crl-16824 48 7 years year NOUN crl-16824 48 8 to to ADP crl-16824 48 9 graduate graduate NOUN crl-16824 48 10 were be AUX crl-16824 48 11 included include VERB crl-16824 48 12 as as ADP crl-16824 48 13 part part NOUN crl-16824 48 14 of of ADP crl-16824 48 15 the the DET crl-16824 48 16 class class NOUN crl-16824 48 17 with with ADP crl-16824 48 18 which which PRON crl-16824 48 19 they they PRON crl-16824 48 20 graduated graduate VERB crl-16824 48 21 . . PUNCT crl-16824 49 1 because because SCONJ crl-16824 49 2 92.6 92.6 NUM crl-16824 49 3 % % NOUN crl-16824 49 4 of of ADP crl-16824 49 5 graduates graduate NOUN crl-16824 49 6 at at ADP crl-16824 49 7 saint saint PROPN crl-16824 49 8 mary mary PROPN crl-16824 49 9 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 49 10 college college NOUN crl-16824 49 11 complete complete VERB crl-16824 49 12 their their PRON crl-16824 49 13 degree degree NOUN crl-16824 49 14 in in ADP crl-16824 49 15 four four NUM crl-16824 49 16 years year NOUN crl-16824 49 17 , , PUNCT crl-16824 49 18 the the DET crl-16824 49 19 authors author NOUN crl-16824 49 20 simplified simplify VERB crl-16824 49 21 the the DET crl-16824 49 22 analysis analysis NOUN crl-16824 49 23 by by ADP crl-16824 49 24 not not PART crl-16824 49 25 attempting attempt VERB crl-16824 49 26 to to PART crl-16824 49 27 adjust adjust VERB crl-16824 49 28 the the DET crl-16824 49 29 collection collection NOUN crl-16824 49 30 methods method NOUN crl-16824 49 31 to to PART crl-16824 49 32 account account VERB crl-16824 49 33 for for ADP crl-16824 49 34 the the DET crl-16824 49 35 relatively relatively ADV crl-16824 49 36 small small ADJ crl-16824 49 37 number number NOUN crl-16824 49 38 of of ADP crl-16824 49 39 students student NOUN crl-16824 49 40 who who PRON crl-16824 49 41 took take VERB crl-16824 49 42 more more ADJ crl-16824 49 43 than than ADP crl-16824 49 44 four four NUM crl-16824 49 45 years year NOUN crl-16824 49 46 to to ADP crl-16824 49 47 graduate.20 graduate.20 PROPN crl-16824 49 48 what what PRON crl-16824 49 49 resulted result VERB crl-16824 49 50 was be AUX crl-16824 49 51 a a DET crl-16824 49 52 list list NOUN crl-16824 49 53 of of ADP crl-16824 49 54 anonymized anonymize VERB crl-16824 49 55 identification identification NOUN crl-16824 49 56 numbers number NOUN crl-16824 49 57 for for ADP crl-16824 49 58 individual individual ADJ crl-16824 49 59 students student NOUN crl-16824 49 60 ; ; PUNCT crl-16824 49 61 those those DET crl-16824 49 62 students student NOUN crl-16824 49 63 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 49 64 majors major NOUN crl-16824 49 65 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 49 66 coded code VERB crl-16824 49 67 as as ADP crl-16824 49 68 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 49 69 major1 major1 PROPN crl-16824 49 70 , , PUNCT crl-16824 49 71 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 49 72 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 49 73 major2 major2 PROPN crl-16824 49 74 , , PUNCT crl-16824 49 75 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 49 76 etc etc X crl-16824 49 77 . . X crl-16824 49 78 to to PART crl-16824 49 79 preserve preserve VERB crl-16824 49 80 students student NOUN crl-16824 49 81 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 49 82 anonymity anonymity NOUN crl-16824 49 83 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 49 84 ; ; PUNCT crl-16824 49 85 the the DET crl-16824 49 86 number number NOUN crl-16824 49 87 of of ADP crl-16824 49 88 courses course NOUN crl-16824 49 89 those those DET crl-16824 49 90 students student NOUN crl-16824 49 91 were be AUX crl-16824 49 92 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 49 93 in in ADP crl-16824 49 94 that that PRON crl-16824 49 95 had have VERB crl-16824 49 96 a a DET crl-16824 49 97 library library NOUN crl-16824 49 98 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 49 99 session session NOUN crl-16824 49 100 ; ; PUNCT crl-16824 49 101 and and CCONJ crl-16824 49 102 students student NOUN crl-16824 49 103 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 49 104 four four NUM crl-16824 49 105 - - PUNCT crl-16824 49 106 year year NOUN crl-16824 49 107 cumulative cumulative ADJ crl-16824 49 108 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 49 109 . . PUNCT crl-16824 50 1 it it PRON crl-16824 50 2 is be AUX crl-16824 50 3 important important ADJ crl-16824 50 4 to to PART crl-16824 50 5 note note VERB crl-16824 50 6 that that SCONJ crl-16824 50 7 these these DET crl-16824 50 8 data datum NOUN crl-16824 50 9 indicate indicate VERB crl-16824 50 10 whether whether SCONJ crl-16824 50 11 students student NOUN crl-16824 50 12 were be AUX crl-16824 50 13 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 50 14 in in ADP crl-16824 50 15 a a DET crl-16824 50 16 course course NOUN crl-16824 50 17 that that PRON crl-16824 50 18 had have VERB crl-16824 50 19 a a DET crl-16824 50 20 library library NOUN crl-16824 50 21 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 50 22 session session NOUN crl-16824 50 23 , , PUNCT crl-16824 50 24 not not PART crl-16824 50 25 whether whether SCONJ crl-16824 50 26 each each DET crl-16824 50 27 student student NOUN crl-16824 50 28 actually actually ADV crl-16824 50 29 attended attend VERB crl-16824 50 30 the the DET crl-16824 50 31 library library NOUN crl-16824 50 32 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 50 33 session session NOUN crl-16824 50 34 . . PUNCT crl-16824 51 1 since since SCONJ crl-16824 51 2 the the DET crl-16824 51 3 research research NOUN crl-16824 51 4 targeted target VERB crl-16824 51 5 courses course NOUN crl-16824 51 6 and and CCONJ crl-16824 51 7 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 51 8 sessions session NOUN crl-16824 51 9 that that PRON crl-16824 51 10 had have AUX crl-16824 51 11 already already ADV crl-16824 51 12 occurred occur VERB crl-16824 51 13 , , PUNCT crl-16824 51 14 it it PRON crl-16824 51 15 was be AUX crl-16824 51 16 not not PART crl-16824 51 17 logistically logistically ADV crl-16824 51 18 possible possible ADJ crl-16824 51 19 to to PART crl-16824 51 20 measure measure VERB crl-16824 51 21 actual actual ADJ crl-16824 51 22 student student NOUN crl-16824 51 23 attendance attendance NOUN crl-16824 51 24 . . PUNCT crl-16824 52 1 experience experience NOUN crl-16824 52 2 at at ADP crl-16824 52 3 saint saint PROPN crl-16824 52 4 mary mary PROPN crl-16824 52 5 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 52 6 college college NOUN crl-16824 52 7 indicates indicate VERB crl-16824 52 8 that that SCONJ crl-16824 52 9 the the DET crl-16824 52 10 attendance attendance NOUN crl-16824 52 11 rate rate NOUN crl-16824 52 12 for for ADP crl-16824 52 13 course course NOUN crl-16824 52 14 - - PUNCT crl-16824 52 15 related relate VERB crl-16824 52 16 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 52 17 sessions session NOUN crl-16824 52 18 is be AUX crl-16824 52 19 sufficiently sufficiently ADV crl-16824 52 20 high high ADJ crl-16824 52 21 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 52 22 generally generally ADV crl-16824 52 23 no no DET crl-16824 52 24 more more ADJ crl-16824 52 25 than than ADP crl-16824 52 26 2 2 NUM crl-16824 52 27 - - SYM crl-16824 52 28 3 3 NUM crl-16824 52 29 absent absent ADJ crl-16824 52 30 students student NOUN crl-16824 52 31 out out ADP crl-16824 52 32 of of ADP crl-16824 52 33 a a DET crl-16824 52 34 class class NOUN crl-16824 52 35 enrollment enrollment NOUN crl-16824 52 36 of of ADP crl-16824 52 37 20 20 NUM crl-16824 52 38 - - SYM crl-16824 52 39 30 30 NUM crl-16824 52 40 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 52 41 that that SCONJ crl-16824 52 42 it it PRON crl-16824 52 43 should should AUX crl-16824 52 44 not not PART crl-16824 52 45 materially materially ADV crl-16824 52 46 affect affect VERB crl-16824 52 47 the the DET crl-16824 52 48 statistical statistical ADJ crl-16824 52 49 analysis analysis NOUN crl-16824 52 50 . . PUNCT crl-16824 53 1 the the DET crl-16824 53 2 authors author NOUN crl-16824 53 3 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 53 4 decision decision NOUN crl-16824 53 5 to to PART crl-16824 53 6 simplify simplify VERB crl-16824 53 7 the the DET crl-16824 53 8 analysis analysis NOUN crl-16824 53 9 matches match NOUN crl-16824 53 10 both both PRON crl-16824 53 11 bowlesterry bowlesterry VERB crl-16824 53 12 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 53 13 and and CCONJ crl-16824 53 14 soria soria PROPN crl-16824 53 15 et et PROPN crl-16824 54 1 al al PROPN crl-16824 54 2 . . PROPN crl-16824 54 3 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 54 4 methodologies methodology NOUN crl-16824 54 5 , , PUNCT crl-16824 54 6 in in ADP crl-16824 54 7 which which PRON crl-16824 54 8 both both DET crl-16824 54 9 sets set NOUN crl-16824 54 10 of of ADP crl-16824 54 11 researchers researcher NOUN crl-16824 54 12 assumed assume VERB crl-16824 54 13 that that SCONJ crl-16824 54 14 students student NOUN crl-16824 54 15 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 54 16 in in ADP crl-16824 54 17 courses course NOUN crl-16824 54 18 with with ADP crl-16824 54 19 library library NOUN crl-16824 54 20 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 54 21 attended attend VERB crl-16824 54 22 that that SCONJ crl-16824 54 23 instruction.21 instruction.21 NOUN crl-16824 54 24 before before ADP crl-16824 54 25 looking look VERB crl-16824 54 26 for for ADP crl-16824 54 27 a a DET crl-16824 54 28 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 54 29 between between ADP crl-16824 54 30 enrollment enrollment NOUN crl-16824 54 31 in in ADP crl-16824 54 32 courses course NOUN crl-16824 54 33 with with ADP crl-16824 54 34 library library NOUN crl-16824 54 35 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 54 36 and and CCONJ crl-16824 54 37 students student NOUN crl-16824 54 38 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 54 39 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 54 40 , , PUNCT crl-16824 54 41 the the DET crl-16824 54 42 authors author NOUN crl-16824 54 43 controlled control VERB crl-16824 54 44 for for ADP crl-16824 54 45 differences difference NOUN crl-16824 54 46 in in ADP crl-16824 54 47 departmental departmental ADJ crl-16824 54 48 grading grading NOUN crl-16824 54 49 by by ADP crl-16824 54 50 normalizing normalize VERB crl-16824 54 51 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 54 52 by by ADP crl-16824 54 53 majors major NOUN crl-16824 54 54 . . PUNCT crl-16824 55 1 this this PRON crl-16824 55 2 was be AUX crl-16824 55 3 accomplished accomplish VERB crl-16824 55 4 by by ADP crl-16824 55 5 calculating calculate VERB crl-16824 55 6 a a DET crl-16824 55 7 mean mean ADJ crl-16824 55 8 gpa gpa NOUN crl-16824 55 9 for for ADP crl-16824 55 10 each each DET crl-16824 55 11 major major ADJ crl-16824 55 12 , , PUNCT crl-16824 55 13 and and CCONJ crl-16824 55 14 dividing divide VERB crl-16824 55 15 each each DET crl-16824 55 16 major major ADJ crl-16824 55 17 ’s ’s NOUN crl-16824 55 18 mean mean ADJ crl-16824 55 19 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 55 20 into into ADP crl-16824 55 21 the the DET crl-16824 55 22 highest high ADJ crl-16824 55 23 departmental departmental ADJ crl-16824 55 24 mean mean ADJ crl-16824 55 25 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 55 26 , , PUNCT crl-16824 55 27 resulting result VERB crl-16824 55 28 in in ADP crl-16824 55 29 a a DET crl-16824 55 30 normalizing normalizing ADJ crl-16824 55 31 factor factor NOUN crl-16824 55 32 ratio ratio NOUN crl-16824 55 33 greater great ADJ crl-16824 55 34 or or CCONJ crl-16824 55 35 equal equal ADJ crl-16824 55 36 to to ADP crl-16824 55 37 1 1 NUM crl-16824 55 38 for for ADP crl-16824 55 39 each each DET crl-16824 55 40 major major ADJ crl-16824 55 41 . . PUNCT crl-16824 56 1 each each DET crl-16824 56 2 student student NOUN crl-16824 56 3 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 56 4 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 56 5 was be AUX crl-16824 56 6 then then ADV crl-16824 56 7 multiplied multiply VERB crl-16824 56 8 by by ADP crl-16824 56 9 the the DET crl-16824 56 10 normalizing normalizing ADJ crl-16824 56 11 factor factor NOUN crl-16824 56 12 for for ADP crl-16824 56 13 their their PRON crl-16824 56 14 major major NOUN crl-16824 56 15 . . PUNCT crl-16824 57 1 for for ADP crl-16824 57 2 example example NOUN crl-16824 57 3 , , PUNCT crl-16824 57 4 when when SCONJ crl-16824 57 5 the the DET crl-16824 57 6 mean mean ADJ crl-16824 57 7 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 57 8 for for ADP crl-16824 57 9 major3 major3 NOUN crl-16824 57 10 was be AUX crl-16824 57 11 divided divide VERB crl-16824 57 12 into into ADP crl-16824 57 13 the the DET crl-16824 57 14 maximum maximum PROPN crl-16824 57 15 mean mean ADJ crl-16824 57 16 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 57 17 , , PUNCT crl-16824 57 18 the the DET crl-16824 57 19 result result NOUN crl-16824 57 20 was be AUX crl-16824 57 21 a a DET crl-16824 57 22 factor factor NOUN crl-16824 57 23 ratio ratio NOUN crl-16824 57 24 of of ADP crl-16824 57 25 1.104 1.104 NUM crl-16824 57 26 . . PUNCT crl-16824 58 1 each each DET crl-16824 58 2 student student NOUN crl-16824 58 3 in in ADP crl-16824 58 4 major3 major3 NOUN crl-16824 58 5 had have VERB crl-16824 58 6 her her PRON crl-16824 58 7 gpa gpa NOUN crl-16824 58 8 multiplied multiply VERB crl-16824 58 9 by by ADP crl-16824 58 10 1.104 1.104 NUM crl-16824 58 11 to to PART crl-16824 58 12 account account VERB crl-16824 58 13 for for ADP crl-16824 58 14 the the DET crl-16824 58 15 difference difference NOUN crl-16824 58 16 in in ADP crl-16824 58 17 departmental departmental ADJ crl-16824 58 18 grading grading NOUN crl-16824 58 19 between between ADP crl-16824 58 20 this this DET crl-16824 58 21 major major ADJ crl-16824 58 22 and and CCONJ crl-16824 58 23 the the DET crl-16824 58 24 highest high ADJ crl-16824 58 25 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 58 26 or or CCONJ crl-16824 58 27 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 58 28 easiest easy ADJ crl-16824 58 29 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 58 30 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 58 31 major major ADJ crl-16824 58 32 . . PUNCT crl-16824 59 1 this this PRON crl-16824 59 2 resulted result VERB crl-16824 59 3 in in ADP crl-16824 59 4 a a DET crl-16824 59 5 list list NOUN crl-16824 59 6 of of ADP crl-16824 59 7 students student NOUN crl-16824 59 8 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 59 9 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 59 10 that that PRON crl-16824 59 11 were be AUX crl-16824 59 12 effectively effectively ADV crl-16824 59 13 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 59 14 curved curved ADJ crl-16824 59 15 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 59 16 for for ADP crl-16824 59 17 the the DET crl-16824 59 18 differences difference NOUN crl-16824 59 19 in in ADP crl-16824 59 20 departmental departmental ADJ crl-16824 59 21 grading grading NOUN crl-16824 59 22 across across ADP crl-16824 59 23 the the DET crl-16824 59 24 institution institution NOUN crl-16824 59 25 . . PUNCT crl-16824 60 1 normalizing normalize VERB crl-16824 60 2 the the DET crl-16824 60 3 students student NOUN crl-16824 60 4 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 60 5 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 60 6 enabled enable VERB crl-16824 60 7 comparisons comparison NOUN crl-16824 60 8 among among ADP crl-16824 60 9 students student NOUN crl-16824 60 10 across across ADP crl-16824 60 11 all all DET crl-16824 60 12 departments department NOUN crl-16824 60 13 at at ADP crl-16824 60 14 the the DET crl-16824 60 15 college college NOUN crl-16824 60 16 on on ADP crl-16824 60 17 a a DET crl-16824 60 18 level level NOUN crl-16824 60 19 playing playing NOUN crl-16824 60 20 field field NOUN crl-16824 60 21 ; ; PUNCT crl-16824 60 22 a a DET crl-16824 60 23 student student NOUN crl-16824 60 24 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 60 25 normalized normalize VERB crl-16824 60 26 gpa gpa NOUN crl-16824 60 27 could could AUX crl-16824 60 28 be be AUX crl-16824 60 29 compared compare VERB crl-16824 60 30 with with ADP crl-16824 60 31 other other ADJ crl-16824 60 32 students student NOUN crl-16824 60 33 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 60 34 normalized normalize VERB crl-16824 60 35 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 60 36 without without ADP crl-16824 60 37 the the DET crl-16824 60 38 grading grade VERB crl-16824 60 39 practices practice NOUN crl-16824 60 40 of of ADP crl-16824 60 41 their their PRON crl-16824 60 42 disciplines discipline NOUN crl-16824 60 43 affecting affect VERB crl-16824 60 44 the the DET crl-16824 60 45 comparison comparison NOUN crl-16824 60 46 . . PUNCT crl-16824 61 1 the the DET crl-16824 61 2 null null ADJ crl-16824 61 3 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN crl-16824 61 4 was be AUX crl-16824 61 5 that that SCONJ crl-16824 61 6 the the DET crl-16824 61 7 normalized normalize VERB crl-16824 61 8 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 61 9 of of ADP crl-16824 61 10 students student NOUN crl-16824 61 11 who who PRON crl-16824 61 12 took take VERB crl-16824 61 13 no no DET crl-16824 61 14 classes class NOUN crl-16824 61 15 with with ADP crl-16824 61 16 library library NOUN crl-16824 61 17 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 61 18 were be AUX crl-16824 61 19 equal equal ADJ crl-16824 61 20 to to ADP crl-16824 61 21 the the DET crl-16824 61 22 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 61 23 of of ADP crl-16824 61 24 students student NOUN crl-16824 61 25 who who PRON crl-16824 61 26 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 61 27 in in ADP crl-16824 61 28 at at ADV crl-16824 61 29 least least ADV crl-16824 61 30 one one NUM crl-16824 61 31 class class NOUN crl-16824 61 32 with with ADP crl-16824 61 33 a a DET crl-16824 61 34 library library NOUN crl-16824 61 35 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 61 36 session session NOUN crl-16824 61 37 . . PUNCT crl-16824 62 1 to to PART crl-16824 62 2 test test VERB crl-16824 62 3 the the DET crl-16824 62 4 null null ADJ crl-16824 62 5 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN crl-16824 62 6 , , PUNCT crl-16824 62 7 the the DET crl-16824 62 8 authors author NOUN crl-16824 62 9 performed perform VERB crl-16824 62 10 a a DET crl-16824 62 11 two two NUM crl-16824 62 12 - - PUNCT crl-16824 62 13 tailed tail VERB crl-16824 62 14 t t NOUN crl-16824 62 15 - - PUNCT crl-16824 62 16 test test NOUN crl-16824 62 17 on on ADP crl-16824 62 18 normalized normalize VERB crl-16824 62 19 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 62 20 for for ADP crl-16824 62 21 students student NOUN crl-16824 62 22 who who PRON crl-16824 62 23 had have VERB crl-16824 62 24 no no DET crl-16824 62 25 library library NOUN crl-16824 62 26 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 62 27 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 62 28 n=115 n=115 PROPN crl-16824 62 29 , , PUNCT crl-16824 62 30 8.3 8.3 NUM crl-16824 62 31 % % NOUN crl-16824 62 32 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 62 33 versus versus ADP crl-16824 62 34 students student NOUN crl-16824 62 35 who who PRON crl-16824 62 36 took take VERB crl-16824 62 37 at at ADV crl-16824 62 38 least least ADV crl-16824 62 39 one one NUM crl-16824 62 40 course course NOUN crl-16824 62 41 with with ADP crl-16824 62 42 library library NOUN crl-16824 62 43 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 62 44 session session NOUN crl-16824 62 45 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 62 46 n=1,265 n=1,265 PROPN crl-16824 62 47 , , PUNCT crl-16824 62 48 91.7 91.7 NUM crl-16824 62 49 % % NOUN crl-16824 62 50 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 62 51 . . PUNCT crl-16824 63 1 the the DET crl-16824 63 2 two two NUM crl-16824 63 3 - - PUNCT crl-16824 63 4 tailed tail VERB crl-16824 63 5 t t NOUN crl-16824 63 6 - - PUNCT crl-16824 63 7 test test NOUN crl-16824 63 8 is be AUX crl-16824 63 9 a a DET crl-16824 63 10 statistical statistical ADJ crl-16824 63 11 measure measure NOUN crl-16824 63 12 that that PRON crl-16824 63 13 tests test VERB crl-16824 63 14 whether whether SCONJ crl-16824 63 15 the the DET crl-16824 63 16 means mean NOUN crl-16824 63 17 of of ADP crl-16824 63 18 two two NUM crl-16824 63 19 populations population NOUN crl-16824 63 20 are be AUX crl-16824 63 21 equal equal ADJ crl-16824 63 22 , , PUNCT crl-16824 63 23 or or CCONJ crl-16824 63 24 whether whether SCONJ crl-16824 63 25 the the DET crl-16824 63 26 mean mean NOUN crl-16824 63 27 of of ADP crl-16824 63 28 one one NUM crl-16824 63 29 population population NOUN crl-16824 63 30 is be AUX crl-16824 63 31 greater great ADJ crl-16824 63 32 or or CCONJ crl-16824 63 33 lesser less ADJ crl-16824 63 34 than than ADP crl-16824 63 35 that that PRON crl-16824 63 36 of of ADP crl-16824 63 37 the the DET crl-16824 63 38 other other ADJ crl-16824 63 39 , , PUNCT crl-16824 63 40 and and CCONJ crl-16824 63 41 also also ADV crl-16824 63 42 whether whether SCONJ crl-16824 63 43 that that DET crl-16824 63 44 difference difference NOUN crl-16824 63 45 is be AUX crl-16824 63 46 too too ADV crl-16824 63 47 great great ADJ crl-16824 63 48 to to PART crl-16824 63 49 be be AUX crl-16824 63 50 attributed attribute VERB crl-16824 63 51 to to ADP crl-16824 63 52 random random ADJ crl-16824 63 53 chance chance NOUN crl-16824 63 54 and and CCONJ crl-16824 63 55 variation variation NOUN crl-16824 63 56 in in ADP crl-16824 63 57 the the DET crl-16824 63 58 data datum NOUN crl-16824 63 59 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 63 60 i.e. i.e. X crl-16824 63 61 , , PUNCT crl-16824 63 62 statistically statistically ADV crl-16824 63 63 significant significant ADJ crl-16824 63 64 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 63 65 . . PUNCT crl-16824 64 1 when when SCONJ crl-16824 64 2 applied apply VERB crl-16824 64 3 to to ADP crl-16824 64 4 the the DET crl-16824 64 5 data datum NOUN crl-16824 64 6 , , PUNCT crl-16824 64 7 the the DET crl-16824 64 8 two two NUM crl-16824 64 9 - - PUNCT crl-16824 64 10 tailed tail VERB crl-16824 64 11 t t NOUN crl-16824 64 12 - - PUNCT crl-16824 64 13 test test NOUN crl-16824 64 14 measured measure VERB crl-16824 64 15 whether whether SCONJ crl-16824 64 16 the the DET crl-16824 64 17 normalized normalize VERB crl-16824 64 18 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 64 19 of of ADP crl-16824 64 20 students student NOUN crl-16824 64 21 who who PRON crl-16824 64 22 took take VERB crl-16824 64 23 classes class NOUN crl-16824 64 24 with with ADP crl-16824 64 25 library library NOUN crl-16824 64 26 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 64 27 were be AUX crl-16824 64 28 greater great ADJ crl-16824 64 29 , , PUNCT crl-16824 64 30 lesser less ADJ crl-16824 64 31 , , PUNCT crl-16824 64 32 or or CCONJ crl-16824 64 33 equal equal ADJ crl-16824 64 34 to to ADP crl-16824 64 35 the the DET crl-16824 64 36 normalized normalized ADJ crl-16824 64 37 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 64 38 of of ADP crl-16824 64 39 students student NOUN crl-16824 64 40 who who PRON crl-16824 64 41 did do AUX crl-16824 64 42 not not PART crl-16824 64 43 take take VERB crl-16824 64 44 classes class NOUN crl-16824 64 45 with with ADP crl-16824 64 46 library library NOUN crl-16824 64 47 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 64 48 . . PUNCT crl-16824 65 1 prior prior ADV crl-16824 65 2 to to ADP crl-16824 65 3 comparing compare VERB crl-16824 65 4 the the DET crl-16824 65 5 means mean NOUN crl-16824 65 6 with with ADP crl-16824 65 7 the the DET crl-16824 65 8 t t NOUN crl-16824 65 9 - - PUNCT crl-16824 65 10 test test NOUN crl-16824 65 11 , , PUNCT crl-16824 65 12 the the DET crl-16824 65 13 authors author NOUN crl-16824 65 14 first first ADV crl-16824 65 15 determined determine VERB crl-16824 65 16 with with ADP crl-16824 65 17 an an DET crl-16824 65 18 f f NOUN crl-16824 65 19 - - PUNCT crl-16824 65 20 test test NOUN crl-16824 65 21 that that SCONJ crl-16824 65 22 the the DET crl-16824 65 23 two two NUM crl-16824 65 24 populations population NOUN crl-16824 65 25 had have AUX crl-16824 65 26 equal equal ADJ crl-16824 65 27 variances variance NOUN crl-16824 65 28 . . PUNCT crl-16824 66 1 the the DET crl-16824 66 2 results result NOUN crl-16824 66 3 from from ADP crl-16824 66 4 the the DET crl-16824 66 5 f f NOUN crl-16824 66 6 - - PUNCT crl-16824 66 7 test test NOUN crl-16824 66 8 indicated indicate VERB crl-16824 66 9 which which DET crl-16824 66 10 t t NOUN crl-16824 66 11 - - PUNCT crl-16824 66 12 test test NOUN crl-16824 66 13 to to PART crl-16824 66 14 perform perform VERB crl-16824 66 15 . . PUNCT crl-16824 67 1 because because SCONJ crl-16824 67 2 the the DET crl-16824 67 3 two two NUM crl-16824 67 4 populations population NOUN crl-16824 67 5 had have VERB crl-16824 67 6 equal equal ADJ crl-16824 67 7 variances variance NOUN crl-16824 67 8 , , PUNCT crl-16824 67 9 the the DET crl-16824 67 10 two two NUM crl-16824 67 11 - - PUNCT crl-16824 67 12 tailed tail VERB crl-16824 67 13 t t NOUN crl-16824 67 14 - - PUNCT crl-16824 67 15 test test NOUN crl-16824 67 16 was be AUX crl-16824 67 17 the the DET crl-16824 67 18 appropriate appropriate ADJ crl-16824 67 19 choice choice NOUN crl-16824 67 20 . . PUNCT crl-16824 68 1 742 742 NUM crl-16824 68 2 college college PROPN crl-16824 68 3 & & CCONJ crl-16824 68 4 research research PROPN crl-16824 68 5 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 68 6 september september PROPN crl-16824 68 7 2018 2018 NUM crl-16824 68 8 results result VERB crl-16824 68 9 the the DET crl-16824 68 10 first first ADJ crl-16824 68 11 thing thing NOUN crl-16824 68 12 the the DET crl-16824 68 13 research research NOUN crl-16824 68 14 demonstrated demonstrate VERB crl-16824 68 15 was be AUX crl-16824 68 16 the the DET crl-16824 68 17 extent extent NOUN crl-16824 68 18 of of ADP crl-16824 68 19 the the DET crl-16824 68 20 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 68 21 program program NOUN crl-16824 68 22 ’s ’s NOUN crl-16824 68 23 reach reach NOUN crl-16824 68 24 within within ADP crl-16824 68 25 the the DET crl-16824 68 26 institution institution NOUN crl-16824 68 27 , , PUNCT crl-16824 68 28 information information NOUN crl-16824 68 29 that that PRON crl-16824 68 30 was be AUX crl-16824 68 31 inaccessible inaccessible ADJ crl-16824 68 32 prior prior ADV crl-16824 68 33 to to ADP crl-16824 68 34 the the DET crl-16824 68 35 data data NOUN crl-16824 68 36 collection collection NOUN crl-16824 68 37 . . PUNCT crl-16824 69 1 table table NOUN crl-16824 69 2 1 1 NUM crl-16824 69 3 shows show VERB crl-16824 69 4 the the DET crl-16824 69 5 number number NOUN crl-16824 69 6 of of ADP crl-16824 69 7 courses course NOUN crl-16824 69 8 with with ADP crl-16824 69 9 library library NOUN crl-16824 69 10 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 69 11 that that SCONJ crl-16824 69 12 students student NOUN crl-16824 69 13 from from ADP crl-16824 69 14 the the DET crl-16824 69 15 graduating graduating NOUN crl-16824 69 16 classes class NOUN crl-16824 69 17 of of ADP crl-16824 69 18 2012 2012 NUM crl-16824 69 19 - - SYM crl-16824 69 20 2015 2015 NUM crl-16824 69 21 completed complete VERB crl-16824 69 22 . . PUNCT crl-16824 70 1 as as SCONJ crl-16824 70 2 the the DET crl-16824 70 3 table table NOUN crl-16824 70 4 demonstrates demonstrate VERB crl-16824 70 5 , , PUNCT crl-16824 70 6 a a DET crl-16824 70 7 large large ADJ crl-16824 70 8 majority majority NOUN crl-16824 70 9 of of ADP crl-16824 70 10 graduates graduate NOUN crl-16824 70 11 took take VERB crl-16824 70 12 one one NUM crl-16824 70 13 to to ADP crl-16824 70 14 three three NUM crl-16824 70 15 courses course NOUN crl-16824 70 16 with with ADP crl-16824 70 17 library library NOUN crl-16824 70 18 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 70 19 , , PUNCT crl-16824 70 20 and and CCONJ crl-16824 70 21 very very ADV crl-16824 70 22 few few ADJ crl-16824 70 23 — — PUNCT crl-16824 70 24 only only ADV crl-16824 70 25 115 115 NUM crl-16824 70 26 students student NOUN crl-16824 70 27 , , PUNCT crl-16824 70 28 or or CCONJ crl-16824 70 29 8.3%—had 8.3%—had NUM crl-16824 70 30 no no DET crl-16824 70 31 contact contact NOUN crl-16824 70 32 with with ADP crl-16824 70 33 library library NOUN crl-16824 70 34 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 70 35 . . PUNCT crl-16824 71 1 the the DET crl-16824 71 2 data datum NOUN crl-16824 71 3 also also ADV crl-16824 71 4 demonstrated demonstrate VERB crl-16824 71 5 the the DET crl-16824 71 6 range range NOUN crl-16824 71 7 of of ADP crl-16824 71 8 possible possible ADJ crl-16824 71 9 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 71 10 among among ADP crl-16824 71 11 students student NOUN crl-16824 71 12 who who PRON crl-16824 71 13 graduated graduate VERB crl-16824 71 14 from from ADP crl-16824 71 15 the the DET crl-16824 71 16 institution institution NOUN crl-16824 71 17 : : PUNCT crl-16824 71 18 prior prior ADV crl-16824 71 19 to to ADP crl-16824 71 20 the the DET crl-16824 71 21 normalizing normalizing ADJ crl-16824 71 22 process process NOUN crl-16824 71 23 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 71 24 which which PRON crl-16824 71 25 raised raise VERB crl-16824 71 26 nearly nearly ADV crl-16824 71 27 all all PRON crl-16824 71 28 students student NOUN crl-16824 71 29 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 71 30 gpas gpas PROPN crl-16824 71 31 considerably considerably ADV crl-16824 71 32 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 71 33 , , PUNCT crl-16824 71 34 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 71 35 ranged range VERB crl-16824 71 36 from from ADP crl-16824 71 37 a a DET crl-16824 71 38 high high NOUN crl-16824 71 39 of of ADP crl-16824 71 40 4.0 4.0 NUM crl-16824 71 41 to to ADP crl-16824 71 42 a a DET crl-16824 71 43 low low NOUN crl-16824 71 44 of of ADP crl-16824 71 45 2.187 2.187 NUM crl-16824 71 46 . . PUNCT crl-16824 72 1 two two NUM crl-16824 72 2 hundred hundred NUM crl-16824 72 3 twenty twenty NUM crl-16824 72 4 - - PUNCT crl-16824 72 5 five five NUM crl-16824 72 6 students student NOUN crl-16824 72 7 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 72 8 16.3 16.3 NUM crl-16824 72 9 % % NOUN crl-16824 72 10 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 72 11 had have VERB crl-16824 72 12 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 72 13 of of ADP crl-16824 72 14 less less ADJ crl-16824 72 15 than than ADP crl-16824 72 16 3.0 3.0 NUM crl-16824 72 17 , , PUNCT crl-16824 72 18 and and CCONJ crl-16824 72 19 503 503 NUM crl-16824 72 20 students student NOUN crl-16824 72 21 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 72 22 36.4 36.4 NUM crl-16824 72 23 % % NOUN crl-16824 72 24 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 72 25 had have VERB crl-16824 72 26 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 72 27 of of ADP crl-16824 72 28 greater great ADJ crl-16824 72 29 than than ADP crl-16824 72 30 3.5 3.5 NUM crl-16824 73 1 . . PUNCT crl-16824 73 2 table table NOUN crl-16824 73 3 1 1 NUM crl-16824 73 4 range range NOUN crl-16824 73 5 of of ADP crl-16824 73 6 student student NOUN crl-16824 73 7 participation participation NOUN crl-16824 73 8 in in ADP crl-16824 73 9 library library NOUN crl-16824 73 10 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 73 11 number number NOUN crl-16824 73 12 of of ADP crl-16824 73 13 courses course NOUN crl-16824 73 14 with with ADP crl-16824 73 15 library library NOUN crl-16824 73 16 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 73 17 n n PROPN crl-16824 73 18 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 73 19 number number NOUN crl-16824 73 20 of of ADP crl-16824 73 21 students student NOUN crl-16824 73 22 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 73 23 percent percent NOUN crl-16824 73 24 0 0 NUM crl-16824 73 25 115 115 NUM crl-16824 73 26 8.3 8.3 NUM crl-16824 73 27 % % NOUN crl-16824 73 28 1 1 NUM crl-16824 73 29 321 321 NUM crl-16824 73 30 23.3 23.3 NUM crl-16824 73 31 % % NOUN crl-16824 73 32 2 2 NUM crl-16824 73 33 360 360 NUM crl-16824 73 34 26.1 26.1 NUM crl-16824 73 35 % % NOUN crl-16824 73 36 3 3 NUM crl-16824 73 37 292 292 NUM crl-16824 73 38 21.2 21.2 NUM crl-16824 73 39 % % NOUN crl-16824 73 40 4 4 NUM crl-16824 73 41 159 159 NUM crl-16824 73 42 11.5 11.5 NUM crl-16824 73 43 % % NOUN crl-16824 73 44 5 5 NUM crl-16824 73 45 83 83 NUM crl-16824 73 46 6.0 6.0 NUM crl-16824 73 47 % % NOUN crl-16824 73 48 6 6 NUM crl-16824 73 49 40 40 NUM crl-16824 73 50 2.9 2.9 NUM crl-16824 73 51 % % NOUN crl-16824 73 52 7 7 NUM crl-16824 73 53 3 3 NUM crl-16824 73 54 0.2 0.2 NUM crl-16824 73 55 % % NOUN crl-16824 73 56 8 8 NUM crl-16824 73 57 7 7 NUM crl-16824 73 58 0.5 0.5 NUM crl-16824 73 59 % % NOUN crl-16824 73 60 total total NOUN crl-16824 73 61 : : PUNCT crl-16824 73 62 1,380 1,380 NUM crl-16824 73 63 100 100 NUM crl-16824 73 64 % % NOUN crl-16824 73 65 table table NOUN crl-16824 73 66 2 2 NUM crl-16824 73 67 average average ADJ crl-16824 73 68 normalized normalize VERB crl-16824 73 69 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 73 70 by by ADP crl-16824 73 71 number number NOUN crl-16824 73 72 of of ADP crl-16824 73 73 library library NOUN crl-16824 73 74 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 73 75 sessions session NOUN crl-16824 73 76 number number NOUN crl-16824 73 77 of of ADP crl-16824 73 78 library library NOUN crl-16824 73 79 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 73 80 sessions session NOUN crl-16824 73 81 average average NOUN crl-16824 73 82 of of ADP crl-16824 73 83 normalized normalize VERB crl-16824 73 84 gpas gpas PROPN crl-16824 73 85 standard standard ADJ crl-16824 73 86 deviation deviation NOUN crl-16824 73 87 n n X crl-16824 73 88 0 0 NUM crl-16824 73 89 3.62 3.62 NUM crl-16824 73 90 0.347 0.347 NUM crl-16824 73 91 115 115 NUM crl-16824 73 92 1 1 NUM crl-16824 73 93 3.73 3.73 NUM crl-16824 73 94 0.330 0.330 NUM crl-16824 73 95 321 321 NUM crl-16824 73 96 2 2 NUM crl-16824 73 97 3.68 3.68 NUM crl-16824 73 98 0.324 0.324 NUM crl-16824 73 99 360 360 NUM crl-16824 73 100 3 3 NUM crl-16824 73 101 3.69 3.69 NUM crl-16824 73 102 0.339 0.339 NUM crl-16824 73 103 292 292 NUM crl-16824 73 104 4 4 NUM crl-16824 73 105 3.68 3.68 NUM crl-16824 73 106 0.347 0.347 NUM crl-16824 73 107 159 159 NUM crl-16824 73 108 5 5 NUM crl-16824 73 109 3.66 3.66 NUM crl-16824 73 110 0.359 0.359 NUM crl-16824 73 111 83 83 NUM crl-16824 73 112 6 6 NUM crl-16824 73 113 3.69 3.69 NUM crl-16824 73 114 0.276 0.276 NUM crl-16824 73 115 40 40 NUM crl-16824 73 116 7 7 NUM crl-16824 73 117 3.76 3.76 NUM crl-16824 73 118 0.295 0.295 NUM crl-16824 73 119 3 3 NUM crl-16824 73 120 8 8 NUM crl-16824 73 121 3.78 3.78 NUM crl-16824 73 122 0.308 0.308 NUM crl-16824 73 123 7 7 NUM crl-16824 73 124 1–8 1–8 NUM crl-16824 73 125 3.70 3.70 NUM crl-16824 73 126 0.333 0.333 NUM crl-16824 73 127 1,265 1,265 NUM crl-16824 73 128 the the DET crl-16824 73 129 academic academic PROPN crl-16824 73 130 library library PROPN crl-16824 73 131 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 73 132 contribution contribution NOUN crl-16824 73 133 to to ADP crl-16824 73 134 student student NOUN crl-16824 73 135 success success NOUN crl-16824 73 136 743 743 NUM crl-16824 73 137 students student NOUN crl-16824 73 138 who who PRON crl-16824 73 139 did do AUX crl-16824 73 140 not not PART crl-16824 73 141 take take VERB crl-16824 73 142 any any DET crl-16824 73 143 classes class NOUN crl-16824 73 144 with with ADP crl-16824 73 145 library library NOUN crl-16824 73 146 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 73 147 had have VERB crl-16824 73 148 the the DET crl-16824 73 149 lowest low ADJ crl-16824 73 150 average average ADJ crl-16824 73 151 normalized normalized ADJ crl-16824 73 152 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 73 153 , , PUNCT crl-16824 73 154 3.62 3.62 NUM crl-16824 73 155 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 73 156 see see VERB crl-16824 73 157 table table NOUN crl-16824 73 158 2 2 NUM crl-16824 73 159 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 73 160 . . PUNCT crl-16824 74 1 this this PRON crl-16824 74 2 compares compare VERB crl-16824 74 3 to to ADP crl-16824 74 4 an an DET crl-16824 74 5 average average ADJ crl-16824 74 6 normalized normalize VERB crl-16824 74 7 gpa gpa NOUN crl-16824 74 8 of of ADP crl-16824 74 9 3.73 3.73 NUM crl-16824 74 10 for for ADP crl-16824 74 11 students student NOUN crl-16824 74 12 who who PRON crl-16824 74 13 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 74 14 in in ADP crl-16824 74 15 one one NUM crl-16824 74 16 course course NOUN crl-16824 74 17 with with ADP crl-16824 74 18 library library NOUN crl-16824 74 19 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 74 20 , , PUNCT crl-16824 74 21 and and CCONJ crl-16824 74 22 3.70 3.70 NUM crl-16824 74 23 for for ADP crl-16824 74 24 all all DET crl-16824 74 25 students student NOUN crl-16824 74 26 who who PRON crl-16824 74 27 took take VERB crl-16824 74 28 one one NUM crl-16824 74 29 or or CCONJ crl-16824 74 30 more more ADJ crl-16824 74 31 courses course NOUN crl-16824 74 32 with with ADP crl-16824 74 33 library library NOUN crl-16824 74 34 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 74 35 . . PUNCT crl-16824 75 1 fitting fit VERB crl-16824 75 2 a a DET crl-16824 75 3 smooth smooth ADJ crl-16824 75 4 curve curve NOUN crl-16824 75 5 through through ADP crl-16824 75 6 normalized normalize VERB crl-16824 75 7 average average ADJ crl-16824 75 8 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 75 9 for for ADP crl-16824 75 10 students student NOUN crl-16824 75 11 with with ADP crl-16824 75 12 zero zero NUM crl-16824 75 13 to to ADP crl-16824 75 14 four four NUM crl-16824 75 15 courses course NOUN crl-16824 75 16 with with ADP crl-16824 75 17 library library NOUN crl-16824 75 18 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 75 19 illustrates illustrate VERB crl-16824 75 20 the the DET crl-16824 75 21 increase increase NOUN crl-16824 75 22 in in ADP crl-16824 75 23 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 75 24 for for ADP crl-16824 75 25 students student NOUN crl-16824 75 26 in in ADP crl-16824 75 27 these these DET crl-16824 75 28 most most ADV crl-16824 75 29 highly highly ADV crl-16824 75 30 populated populate VERB crl-16824 75 31 groups group NOUN crl-16824 75 32 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 75 33 see see VERB crl-16824 75 34 figure figure NOUN crl-16824 75 35 1 1 NUM crl-16824 75 36 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 75 37 . . PUNCT crl-16824 76 1 after after ADP crl-16824 76 2 four four NUM crl-16824 76 3 courses course NOUN crl-16824 76 4 with with ADP crl-16824 76 5 library library NOUN crl-16824 76 6 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 76 7 , , PUNCT crl-16824 76 8 the the DET crl-16824 76 9 sample sample NOUN crl-16824 76 10 sizes size NOUN crl-16824 76 11 drop drop VERB crl-16824 76 12 dramatically dramatically ADV crl-16824 76 13 ; ; PUNCT crl-16824 76 14 the the DET crl-16824 76 15 groups group NOUN crl-16824 76 16 with with ADP crl-16824 76 17 seven seven NUM crl-16824 76 18 and and CCONJ crl-16824 76 19 eight eight NUM crl-16824 76 20 courses course NOUN crl-16824 76 21 with with ADP crl-16824 76 22 library library NOUN crl-16824 76 23 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 76 24 include include VERB crl-16824 76 25 only only ADV crl-16824 76 26 three three NUM crl-16824 76 27 and and CCONJ crl-16824 76 28 seven seven NUM crl-16824 76 29 students student NOUN crl-16824 76 30 , , PUNCT crl-16824 76 31 respectively respectively ADV crl-16824 76 32 . . PUNCT crl-16824 77 1 the the DET crl-16824 77 2 authors author NOUN crl-16824 77 3 hypothesize hypothesize VERB crl-16824 77 4 that that SCONJ crl-16824 77 5 the the DET crl-16824 77 6 high high ADJ crl-16824 77 7 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 77 8 in in ADP crl-16824 77 9 these these DET crl-16824 77 10 two two NUM crl-16824 77 11 groups group NOUN crl-16824 77 12 are be AUX crl-16824 77 13 the the DET crl-16824 77 14 result result NOUN crl-16824 77 15 of of ADP crl-16824 77 16 outlier outlier NOUN crl-16824 77 17 data data NOUN crl-16824 77 18 points point NOUN crl-16824 77 19 : : PUNCT crl-16824 77 20 students student NOUN crl-16824 77 21 with with ADP crl-16824 77 22 unusually unusually ADV crl-16824 77 23 high high ADJ crl-16824 77 24 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 77 25 . . PUNCT crl-16824 78 1 if if SCONJ crl-16824 78 2 those those DET crl-16824 78 3 two two NUM crl-16824 78 4 groups group NOUN crl-16824 78 5 had have AUX crl-16824 78 6 had have VERB crl-16824 78 7 larger large ADJ crl-16824 78 8 sample sample NOUN crl-16824 78 9 sizes size NOUN crl-16824 78 10 , , PUNCT crl-16824 78 11 those those DET crl-16824 78 12 outlier outlier NOUN crl-16824 78 13 data data NOUN crl-16824 78 14 points point NOUN crl-16824 78 15 might might AUX crl-16824 78 16 not not PART crl-16824 78 17 have have AUX crl-16824 78 18 skewed skew VERB crl-16824 78 19 the the DET crl-16824 78 20 averaged average VERB crl-16824 78 21 normalized normalize VERB crl-16824 78 22 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 78 23 so so ADV crl-16824 78 24 strongly strongly ADV crl-16824 78 25 . . PUNCT crl-16824 79 1 further further ADJ crl-16824 79 2 research research NOUN crl-16824 79 3 , , PUNCT crl-16824 79 4 with with ADP crl-16824 79 5 larger large ADJ crl-16824 79 6 sample sample NOUN crl-16824 79 7 sizes size NOUN crl-16824 79 8 , , PUNCT crl-16824 79 9 is be AUX crl-16824 79 10 necessary necessary ADJ crl-16824 79 11 to to PART crl-16824 79 12 confirm confirm VERB crl-16824 79 13 this this DET crl-16824 79 14 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN crl-16824 79 15 . . PUNCT crl-16824 80 1 as as ADP crl-16824 80 2 table table NOUN crl-16824 80 3 3 3 NUM crl-16824 80 4 shows show NOUN crl-16824 80 5 , , PUNCT crl-16824 80 6 the the DET crl-16824 80 7 t t NOUN crl-16824 80 8 - - PUNCT crl-16824 80 9 tests test NOUN crl-16824 80 10 for for ADP crl-16824 80 11 equality equality NOUN crl-16824 80 12 of of ADP crl-16824 80 13 means mean NOUN crl-16824 80 14 reject reject VERB crl-16824 80 15 the the DET crl-16824 80 16 null null ADJ crl-16824 80 17 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN crl-16824 80 18 that that PRON crl-16824 80 19 the the DET crl-16824 80 20 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 80 21 of of ADP crl-16824 80 22 students student NOUN crl-16824 80 23 who who PRON crl-16824 80 24 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 80 25 in in ADP crl-16824 80 26 no no DET crl-16824 80 27 classes class NOUN crl-16824 80 28 with with ADP crl-16824 80 29 library library NOUN crl-16824 80 30 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 80 31 were be AUX crl-16824 80 32 equal equal ADJ crl-16824 80 33 to to ADP crl-16824 80 34 the the DET crl-16824 80 35 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 80 36 of of ADP crl-16824 80 37 students student NOUN crl-16824 80 38 who who PRON crl-16824 80 39 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 80 40 in in ADP crl-16824 80 41 at at ADV crl-16824 80 42 least least ADV crl-16824 80 43 one one NUM crl-16824 80 44 class class NOUN crl-16824 80 45 with with ADP crl-16824 80 46 library library NOUN crl-16824 80 47 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 80 48 . . PUNCT crl-16824 81 1 in in ADP crl-16824 81 2 other other ADJ crl-16824 81 3 words word NOUN crl-16824 81 4 , , PUNCT crl-16824 81 5 the the DET crl-16824 81 6 authors author NOUN crl-16824 81 7 observed observe VERB crl-16824 81 8 a a DET crl-16824 81 9 statistically statistically ADV crl-16824 81 10 significant significant ADJ crl-16824 81 11 increase increase NOUN crl-16824 81 12 in in ADP crl-16824 81 13 the the DET crl-16824 81 14 normalized normalized ADJ crl-16824 81 15 figure figure NOUN crl-16824 81 16 1 1 NUM crl-16824 81 17 number number NOUN crl-16824 81 18 of of ADP crl-16824 81 19 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 81 20 sessions session NOUN crl-16824 81 21 vs. vs. ADP crl-16824 81 22 average average ADJ crl-16824 81 23 normalized normalize VERB crl-16824 81 24 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 81 25 table table NOUN crl-16824 81 26 3 3 NUM crl-16824 81 27 t t NOUN crl-16824 81 28 - - PUNCT crl-16824 81 29 tests test NOUN crl-16824 81 30 for for ADP crl-16824 81 31 equality equality NOUN crl-16824 81 32 of of ADP crl-16824 81 33 means mean NOUN crl-16824 81 34 means mean VERB crl-16824 81 35 compared compare VERB crl-16824 81 36 t t PROPN crl-16824 81 37 df df NOUN crl-16824 81 38 sig sig NOUN crl-16824 81 39 . . PUNCT crl-16824 82 1 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 82 2 2 2 NUM crl-16824 82 3 - - PUNCT crl-16824 82 4 tailed tail VERB crl-16824 82 5 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 82 6 mean mean ADJ crl-16824 82 7 difference difference NOUN crl-16824 82 8 std std NOUN crl-16824 82 9 . . PUNCT crl-16824 83 1 error error NOUN crl-16824 83 2 difference difference NOUN crl-16824 83 3 95 95 NUM crl-16824 83 4 % % NOUN crl-16824 83 5 confidence confidence NOUN crl-16824 83 6 interval interval NOUN crl-16824 83 7 of of ADP crl-16824 83 8 the the DET crl-16824 83 9 difference difference NOUN crl-16824 83 10 lower lower ADV crl-16824 83 11 upper upper ADJ crl-16824 83 12 0 0 NUM crl-16824 83 13 vs vs ADP crl-16824 83 14 1 1 NUM crl-16824 83 15 – – SYM crl-16824 83 16 2.94 2.94 NUM crl-16824 83 17 434 434 NUM crl-16824 83 18 0.00346 0.00346 NUM crl-16824 83 19 – – PUNCT crl-16824 83 20 0.107 0.107 NUM crl-16824 83 21 0.0364 0.0364 NUM crl-16824 83 22 – – PUNCT crl-16824 83 23 0.178 0.178 NUM crl-16824 83 24 – – PUNCT crl-16824 83 25 0.0355 0.0355 NUM crl-16824 83 26 0 0 NUM crl-16824 83 27 vs vs ADP crl-16824 83 28 2 2 NUM crl-16824 83 29 – – SYM crl-16824 83 30 1.54 1.54 NUM crl-16824 83 31 473 473 NUM crl-16824 83 32 0.124 0.124 NUM crl-16824 83 33 – – PUNCT crl-16824 83 34 0.0544 0.0544 NUM crl-16824 83 35 0.0353 0.0353 NUM crl-16824 83 36 – – SYM crl-16824 83 37 0.124 0.124 NUM crl-16824 83 38 0.0150 0.0150 NUM crl-16824 83 39 0 0 NUM crl-16824 83 40 vs vs ADP crl-16824 83 41 3 3 NUM crl-16824 83 42 – – SYM crl-16824 83 43 1.97 1.97 NUM crl-16824 83 44 405 405 NUM crl-16824 83 45 0.0494 0.0494 NUM crl-16824 83 46 – – PUNCT crl-16824 83 47 0.0740 0.0740 NUM crl-16824 83 48 0.0376 0.0376 NUM crl-16824 83 49 – – PUNCT crl-16824 83 50 0.148 0.148 NUM crl-16824 83 51 – – PUNCT crl-16824 83 52 0.000193 0.000193 NUM crl-16824 83 53 0 0 NUM crl-16824 83 54 vs vs ADP crl-16824 83 55 4 4 NUM crl-16824 83 56 – – SYM crl-16824 83 57 1.20 1.20 NUM crl-16824 83 58 272 272 NUM crl-16824 83 59 0.232 0.232 NUM crl-16824 83 60 – – PUNCT crl-16824 83 61 0.0509 0.0509 NUM crl-16824 83 62 0.0425 0.0425 NUM crl-16824 83 63 – – SYM crl-16824 83 64 0.135 0.135 NUM crl-16824 83 65 0.0327 0.0327 NUM crl-16824 83 66 0 0 NUM crl-16824 83 67 vs vs ADP crl-16824 83 68 1 1 NUM crl-16824 83 69 or or CCONJ crl-16824 83 70 more more ADJ crl-16824 83 71 – – PUNCT crl-16824 83 72 2.21 2.21 NUM crl-16824 83 73 1,378 1,378 NUM crl-16824 83 74 0.0274 0.0274 NUM crl-16824 83 75 – – PUNCT crl-16824 83 76 0.0719 0.0719 NUM crl-16824 83 77 0.0325 0.0325 NUM crl-16824 83 78 – – PUNCT crl-16824 83 79 0.136 0.136 NUM crl-16824 83 80 – – PUNCT crl-16824 83 81 0.00803 0.00803 NUM crl-16824 83 82 744 744 NUM crl-16824 83 83 college college NOUN crl-16824 83 84 & & CCONJ crl-16824 83 85 research research PROPN crl-16824 83 86 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 83 87 september september PROPN crl-16824 83 88 2018 2018 NUM crl-16824 83 89 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 83 90 of of ADP crl-16824 83 91 students student NOUN crl-16824 83 92 who who PRON crl-16824 83 93 were be AUX crl-16824 83 94 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 83 95 in in ADP crl-16824 83 96 at at ADV crl-16824 83 97 least least ADV crl-16824 83 98 one one NUM crl-16824 83 99 class class NOUN crl-16824 83 100 with with ADP crl-16824 83 101 a a DET crl-16824 83 102 library library NOUN crl-16824 83 103 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 83 104 session session NOUN crl-16824 83 105 . . PUNCT crl-16824 84 1 the the DET crl-16824 84 2 confidence confidence NOUN crl-16824 84 3 intervals interval NOUN crl-16824 84 4 listed list VERB crl-16824 84 5 in in ADP crl-16824 84 6 table table NOUN crl-16824 84 7 3 3 NUM crl-16824 84 8 indicate indicate VERB crl-16824 84 9 the the DET crl-16824 84 10 precision precision NOUN crl-16824 84 11 of of ADP crl-16824 84 12 the the DET crl-16824 84 13 differences difference NOUN crl-16824 84 14 of of ADP crl-16824 84 15 the the DET crl-16824 84 16 means mean NOUN crl-16824 84 17 . . PUNCT crl-16824 85 1 because because SCONJ crl-16824 85 2 this this DET crl-16824 85 3 research research NOUN crl-16824 85 4 accounted account VERB crl-16824 85 5 for for ADP crl-16824 85 6 differences difference NOUN crl-16824 85 7 in in ADP crl-16824 85 8 grading grade VERB crl-16824 85 9 among among ADP crl-16824 85 10 students student NOUN crl-16824 85 11 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 85 12 majors major NOUN crl-16824 85 13 , , PUNCT crl-16824 85 14 and and CCONJ crl-16824 85 15 the the DET crl-16824 85 16 data datum NOUN crl-16824 85 17 set set VERB crl-16824 85 18 therefore therefore ADV crl-16824 85 19 included include VERB crl-16824 85 20 students student NOUN crl-16824 85 21 ’ ' PUNCT crl-16824 85 22 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 85 23 coded code VERB crl-16824 85 24 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 85 25 majors major NOUN crl-16824 85 26 , , PUNCT crl-16824 85 27 the the DET crl-16824 85 28 authors author NOUN crl-16824 85 29 also also ADV crl-16824 85 30 investigated investigate VERB crl-16824 85 31 whether whether SCONJ crl-16824 85 32 , , PUNCT crl-16824 85 33 within within ADP crl-16824 85 34 a a DET crl-16824 85 35 specific specific ADJ crl-16824 85 36 major major NOUN crl-16824 85 37 , , PUNCT crl-16824 85 38 students student NOUN crl-16824 85 39 who who PRON crl-16824 85 40 had have VERB crl-16824 85 41 courses course NOUN crl-16824 85 42 with with ADP crl-16824 85 43 library library NOUN crl-16824 85 44 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 85 45 graduated graduate VERB crl-16824 85 46 with with ADP crl-16824 85 47 higher high ADJ crl-16824 85 48 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 85 49 than than ADP crl-16824 85 50 students student NOUN crl-16824 85 51 who who PRON crl-16824 85 52 did do VERB crl-16824 85 53 not not PART crl-16824 85 54 . . PUNCT crl-16824 86 1 unfortunately unfortunately ADV crl-16824 86 2 , , PUNCT crl-16824 86 3 despite despite SCONJ crl-16824 86 4 pooling pool VERB crl-16824 86 5 data datum NOUN crl-16824 86 6 from from ADP crl-16824 86 7 four four NUM crl-16824 86 8 graduating graduating NOUN crl-16824 86 9 classes class NOUN crl-16824 86 10 , , PUNCT crl-16824 86 11 the the DET crl-16824 86 12 small small ADJ crl-16824 86 13 size size NOUN crl-16824 86 14 of of ADP crl-16824 86 15 the the DET crl-16824 86 16 institution institution NOUN crl-16824 86 17 and and CCONJ crl-16824 86 18 the the DET crl-16824 86 19 reach reach NOUN crl-16824 86 20 of of ADP crl-16824 86 21 the the DET crl-16824 86 22 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 86 23 program program NOUN crl-16824 86 24 hampered hamper VERB crl-16824 86 25 this this DET crl-16824 86 26 analysis analysis NOUN crl-16824 86 27 . . PUNCT crl-16824 87 1 few few ADJ crl-16824 87 2 majors major NOUN crl-16824 87 3 included include VERB crl-16824 87 4 sufficient sufficient ADJ crl-16824 87 5 numbers number NOUN crl-16824 87 6 of of ADP crl-16824 87 7 students student NOUN crl-16824 87 8 who who PRON crl-16824 87 9 had have VERB crl-16824 87 10 no no DET crl-16824 87 11 library library NOUN crl-16824 87 12 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 87 13 to to PART crl-16824 87 14 make make VERB crl-16824 87 15 the the DET crl-16824 87 16 analysis analysis NOUN crl-16824 87 17 possible possible ADJ crl-16824 87 18 . . PUNCT crl-16824 88 1 of of ADP crl-16824 88 2 the the DET crl-16824 88 3 40 40 NUM crl-16824 88 4 majors major NOUN crl-16824 88 5 offered offer VERB crl-16824 88 6 at at ADP crl-16824 88 7 saint saint PROPN crl-16824 88 8 mary mary PROPN crl-16824 88 9 ’s ’s NUM crl-16824 88 10 , , PUNCT crl-16824 88 11 20 20 NUM crl-16824 88 12 could could AUX crl-16824 88 13 not not PART crl-16824 88 14 be be AUX crl-16824 88 15 evaluated evaluate VERB crl-16824 88 16 for for ADP crl-16824 88 17 the the DET crl-16824 88 18 impact impact NOUN crl-16824 88 19 of of ADP crl-16824 88 20 library library NOUN crl-16824 88 21 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 88 22 on on ADP crl-16824 88 23 gpa gpa NOUN crl-16824 88 24 at at ADP crl-16824 88 25 the the DET crl-16824 88 26 major major ADJ crl-16824 88 27 level level NOUN crl-16824 88 28 because because SCONJ crl-16824 88 29 there there PRON crl-16824 88 30 were be VERB crl-16824 88 31 fewer few ADJ crl-16824 88 32 than than ADP crl-16824 88 33 two two NUM crl-16824 88 34 students student NOUN crl-16824 88 35 who who PRON crl-16824 88 36 had have VERB crl-16824 88 37 no no DET crl-16824 88 38 contact contact NOUN crl-16824 88 39 with with ADP crl-16824 88 40 library library NOUN crl-16824 88 41 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 88 42 . . PUNCT crl-16824 89 1 evaluating evaluate VERB crl-16824 89 2 these these DET crl-16824 89 3 majors major NOUN crl-16824 89 4 would would AUX crl-16824 89 5 have have AUX crl-16824 89 6 resulted result VERB crl-16824 89 7 in in ADP crl-16824 89 8 degrees degree NOUN crl-16824 89 9 of of ADP crl-16824 89 10 freedom freedom NOUN crl-16824 89 11 of of ADP crl-16824 89 12 less less ADJ crl-16824 89 13 than than ADP crl-16824 89 14 zero zero NUM crl-16824 89 15 , , PUNCT crl-16824 89 16 and and CCONJ crl-16824 89 17 the the DET crl-16824 89 18 resulting result VERB crl-16824 89 19 t t NOUN crl-16824 89 20 - - PUNCT crl-16824 89 21 test test NOUN crl-16824 89 22 calculation calculation NOUN crl-16824 89 23 would would AUX crl-16824 89 24 have have AUX crl-16824 89 25 been be AUX crl-16824 89 26 impossible impossible ADJ crl-16824 89 27 . . PUNCT crl-16824 90 1 of of ADP crl-16824 90 2 the the DET crl-16824 90 3 20 20 NUM crl-16824 90 4 majors major NOUN crl-16824 90 5 for for ADP crl-16824 90 6 which which PRON crl-16824 90 7 a a DET crl-16824 90 8 t t NOUN crl-16824 90 9 value value NOUN crl-16824 90 10 could could AUX crl-16824 90 11 be be AUX crl-16824 90 12 calculated calculate VERB crl-16824 90 13 , , PUNCT crl-16824 90 14 four four NUM crl-16824 90 15 majors major NOUN crl-16824 90 16 demonstrated demonstrate VERB crl-16824 90 17 statistical statistical ADJ crl-16824 90 18 significance significance NOUN crl-16824 90 19 at at ADP crl-16824 90 20 the the DET crl-16824 90 21 p≤0.05 p≤0.05 PROPN crl-16824 90 22 level level NOUN crl-16824 90 23 . . PUNCT crl-16824 91 1 for for ADP crl-16824 91 2 these these DET crl-16824 91 3 four four NUM crl-16824 91 4 majors major NOUN crl-16824 91 5 , , PUNCT crl-16824 91 6 students student NOUN crl-16824 91 7 who who PRON crl-16824 91 8 took take VERB crl-16824 91 9 at at ADV crl-16824 91 10 least least ADV crl-16824 91 11 one one NUM crl-16824 91 12 class class NOUN crl-16824 91 13 with with ADP crl-16824 91 14 library library NOUN crl-16824 91 15 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 91 16 had have VERB crl-16824 91 17 statistically statistically ADV crl-16824 91 18 significant significant ADJ crl-16824 91 19 higher high ADJ crl-16824 91 20 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 91 21 than than ADP crl-16824 91 22 students student NOUN crl-16824 91 23 in in ADP crl-16824 91 24 the the DET crl-16824 91 25 same same ADJ crl-16824 91 26 major major NOUN crl-16824 91 27 who who PRON crl-16824 91 28 were be AUX crl-16824 91 29 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 91 30 in in ADP crl-16824 91 31 no no DET crl-16824 91 32 classes class NOUN crl-16824 91 33 with with ADP crl-16824 91 34 library library NOUN crl-16824 91 35 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 91 36 . . PUNCT crl-16824 92 1 although although SCONJ crl-16824 92 2 the the DET crl-16824 92 3 data datum NOUN crl-16824 92 4 only only ADV crl-16824 92 5 supported support VERB crl-16824 92 6 this this DET crl-16824 92 7 kind kind NOUN crl-16824 92 8 of of ADP crl-16824 92 9 analysis analysis NOUN crl-16824 92 10 with with ADP crl-16824 92 11 a a DET crl-16824 92 12 small small ADJ crl-16824 92 13 number number NOUN crl-16824 92 14 of of ADP crl-16824 92 15 majors major NOUN crl-16824 92 16 , , PUNCT crl-16824 92 17 this this DET crl-16824 92 18 result result NOUN crl-16824 92 19 nevertheless nevertheless ADV crl-16824 92 20 suggests suggest VERB crl-16824 92 21 that that SCONJ crl-16824 92 22 the the DET crl-16824 92 23 positive positive ADJ crl-16824 92 24 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 92 25 between between ADP crl-16824 92 26 library library NOUN crl-16824 92 27 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 92 28 and and CCONJ crl-16824 92 29 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 92 30 also also ADV crl-16824 92 31 exists exist VERB crl-16824 92 32 within within ADP crl-16824 92 33 certain certain ADJ crl-16824 92 34 majors major NOUN crl-16824 92 35 , , PUNCT crl-16824 92 36 as as ADV crl-16824 92 37 well well ADV crl-16824 92 38 as as ADP crl-16824 92 39 across across ADP crl-16824 92 40 majors major NOUN crl-16824 92 41 . . PUNCT crl-16824 93 1 discussion discussion NOUN crl-16824 93 2 many many ADJ crl-16824 93 3 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 93 4 librarians librarian NOUN crl-16824 93 5 are be AUX crl-16824 93 6 familiar familiar ADJ crl-16824 93 7 with with ADP crl-16824 93 8 the the DET crl-16824 93 9 student student NOUN crl-16824 93 10 complaint complaint NOUN crl-16824 93 11 , , PUNCT crl-16824 93 12 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 93 13 i i PRON crl-16824 93 14 ’ve ’ve AUX crl-16824 93 15 already already ADV crl-16824 93 16 heard hear VERB crl-16824 93 17 all all PRON crl-16824 93 18 of of ADP crl-16824 93 19 this this PRON crl-16824 93 20 before before ADV crl-16824 93 21 ! ! PUNCT crl-16824 93 22 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 94 1 yet yet CCONJ crl-16824 94 2 prior prior ADV crl-16824 94 3 to to ADP crl-16824 94 4 collecting collect VERB crl-16824 94 5 the the DET crl-16824 94 6 data datum NOUN crl-16824 94 7 , , PUNCT crl-16824 94 8 librarians librarian NOUN crl-16824 94 9 at at ADP crl-16824 94 10 saint saint PROPN crl-16824 94 11 mary mary PROPN crl-16824 94 12 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 94 13 college college NOUN crl-16824 94 14 did do AUX crl-16824 94 15 not not PART crl-16824 94 16 know know VERB crl-16824 94 17 how how SCONJ crl-16824 94 18 many many ADJ crl-16824 94 19 students student NOUN crl-16824 94 20 had have AUX crl-16824 94 21 indeed indeed ADV crl-16824 94 22 attended attend VERB crl-16824 94 23 multiple multiple ADJ crl-16824 94 24 library library NOUN crl-16824 94 25 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 94 26 sessions session NOUN crl-16824 94 27 , , PUNCT crl-16824 94 28 what what PRON crl-16824 94 29 the the DET crl-16824 94 30 maximum maximum ADJ crl-16824 94 31 number number NOUN crl-16824 94 32 of of ADP crl-16824 94 33 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 94 34 sessions session NOUN crl-16824 94 35 attended attend VERB crl-16824 94 36 was be AUX crl-16824 94 37 , , PUNCT crl-16824 94 38 or or CCONJ crl-16824 94 39 even even ADV crl-16824 94 40 how how SCONJ crl-16824 94 41 many many ADJ crl-16824 94 42 students student NOUN crl-16824 94 43 graduated graduate VERB crl-16824 94 44 with with ADP crl-16824 94 45 no no DET crl-16824 94 46 library library NOUN crl-16824 94 47 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 94 48 at at ADV crl-16824 94 49 all all ADV crl-16824 94 50 . . PUNCT crl-16824 95 1 the the DET crl-16824 95 2 data datum NOUN crl-16824 95 3 presented present VERB crl-16824 95 4 in in ADP crl-16824 95 5 table table NOUN crl-16824 95 6 1 1 NUM crl-16824 95 7 show show VERB crl-16824 95 8 that that SCONJ crl-16824 95 9 a a DET crl-16824 95 10 very very ADV crl-16824 95 11 large large ADJ crl-16824 95 12 majority majority NOUN crl-16824 95 13 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 95 14 n=973 n=973 NOUN crl-16824 95 15 , , PUNCT crl-16824 95 16 70.5 70.5 NUM crl-16824 95 17 % % NOUN crl-16824 95 18 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 95 19 of of ADP crl-16824 95 20 the the DET crl-16824 95 21 seniors senior NOUN crl-16824 95 22 graduating graduate VERB crl-16824 95 23 between between ADP crl-16824 95 24 2012 2012 NUM crl-16824 95 25 and and CCONJ crl-16824 95 26 2015 2015 NUM crl-16824 95 27 took take VERB crl-16824 95 28 one one NUM crl-16824 95 29 to to PART crl-16824 95 30 three three NUM crl-16824 95 31 courses course NOUN crl-16824 95 32 that that PRON crl-16824 95 33 incorporated incorporate VERB crl-16824 95 34 library library NOUN crl-16824 95 35 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 95 36 sessions session NOUN crl-16824 95 37 , , PUNCT crl-16824 95 38 with with ADP crl-16824 95 39 a a DET crl-16824 95 40 small small ADJ crl-16824 95 41 subset subset NOUN crl-16824 95 42 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 95 43 n=7 n=7 PROPN crl-16824 95 44 , , PUNCT crl-16824 95 45 0.5 0.5 NUM crl-16824 95 46 % % NOUN crl-16824 95 47 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 95 48 of of ADP crl-16824 95 49 students student NOUN crl-16824 95 50 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 95 51 in in ADP crl-16824 95 52 eight eight NUM crl-16824 95 53 courses course NOUN crl-16824 95 54 in in ADP crl-16824 95 55 which which PRON crl-16824 95 56 library library NOUN crl-16824 95 57 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 95 58 sessions session NOUN crl-16824 95 59 had have AUX crl-16824 95 60 been be AUX crl-16824 95 61 held hold VERB crl-16824 95 62 , , PUNCT crl-16824 95 63 and and CCONJ crl-16824 95 64 an an DET crl-16824 95 65 even even ADV crl-16824 95 66 smaller small ADJ crl-16824 95 67 subset subset NOUN crl-16824 95 68 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 95 69 n=3 n=3 ADV crl-16824 95 70 , , PUNCT crl-16824 95 71 0.2 0.2 NUM crl-16824 95 72 % % NOUN crl-16824 95 73 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 95 74 who who PRON crl-16824 95 75 had have AUX crl-16824 95 76 taken take VERB crl-16824 95 77 seven seven NUM crl-16824 95 78 courses course NOUN crl-16824 95 79 . . PUNCT crl-16824 96 1 ninety ninety NUM crl-16824 96 2 - - PUNCT crl-16824 96 3 two two NUM crl-16824 96 4 percent percent NOUN crl-16824 96 5 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 96 6 n=1265 n=1265 X crl-16824 96 7 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 96 8 of of ADP crl-16824 96 9 seniors senior NOUN crl-16824 96 10 graduating graduate VERB crl-16824 96 11 between between ADP crl-16824 96 12 2012 2012 NUM crl-16824 96 13 and and CCONJ crl-16824 96 14 2015 2015 NUM crl-16824 96 15 were be AUX crl-16824 96 16 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 96 17 in in ADP crl-16824 96 18 at at ADV crl-16824 96 19 least least ADV crl-16824 96 20 one one NUM crl-16824 96 21 course course NOUN crl-16824 96 22 with with ADP crl-16824 96 23 a a DET crl-16824 96 24 library library NOUN crl-16824 96 25 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 96 26 component component NOUN crl-16824 96 27 . . PUNCT crl-16824 97 1 these these DET crl-16824 97 2 numbers number NOUN crl-16824 97 3 provide provide VERB crl-16824 97 4 context context NOUN crl-16824 97 5 for for ADP crl-16824 97 6 the the DET crl-16824 97 7 reach reach NOUN crl-16824 97 8 and and CCONJ crl-16824 97 9 scope scope NOUN crl-16824 97 10 of of ADP crl-16824 97 11 the the DET crl-16824 97 12 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 97 13 program program NOUN crl-16824 97 14 , , PUNCT crl-16824 97 15 while while SCONJ crl-16824 97 16 also also ADV crl-16824 97 17 serving serve VERB crl-16824 97 18 as as ADP crl-16824 97 19 a a DET crl-16824 97 20 useful useful ADJ crl-16824 97 21 reminder reminder NOUN crl-16824 97 22 that that SCONJ crl-16824 97 23 at at ADP crl-16824 97 24 least least ADJ crl-16824 97 25 a a DET crl-16824 97 26 small small ADJ crl-16824 97 27 number number NOUN crl-16824 97 28 of of ADP crl-16824 97 29 students student NOUN crl-16824 97 30 can can AUX crl-16824 97 31 truthfully truthfully ADV crl-16824 97 32 complain complain VERB crl-16824 97 33 , , PUNCT crl-16824 97 34 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 97 35 but but CCONJ crl-16824 97 36 i i PRON crl-16824 97 37 ’ve ’ve AUX crl-16824 97 38 heard hear VERB crl-16824 97 39 this this PRON crl-16824 97 40 all all PRON crl-16824 97 41 before before ADV crl-16824 97 42 ! ! PUNCT crl-16824 97 43 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 98 1 the the DET crl-16824 98 2 data datum NOUN crl-16824 98 3 illustrate illustrate VERB crl-16824 98 4 a a DET crl-16824 98 5 small small ADJ crl-16824 98 6 but but CCONJ crl-16824 98 7 statistically statistically ADV crl-16824 98 8 significant significant ADJ crl-16824 98 9 increase increase NOUN crl-16824 98 10 in in ADP crl-16824 98 11 the the DET crl-16824 98 12 four four NUM crl-16824 98 13 - - PUNCT crl-16824 98 14 year year NOUN crl-16824 98 15 cumulative cumulative ADJ crl-16824 98 16 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 98 17 of of ADP crl-16824 98 18 students student NOUN crl-16824 98 19 who who PRON crl-16824 98 20 were be AUX crl-16824 98 21 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 98 22 in in ADP crl-16824 98 23 classes class NOUN crl-16824 98 24 in in ADP crl-16824 98 25 which which PRON crl-16824 98 26 at at ADP crl-16824 98 27 least least ADV crl-16824 98 28 one one NUM crl-16824 98 29 library library NOUN crl-16824 98 30 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 98 31 session session NOUN crl-16824 98 32 was be AUX crl-16824 98 33 held hold VERB crl-16824 98 34 . . PUNCT crl-16824 99 1 while while SCONJ crl-16824 99 2 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 99 3 does do AUX crl-16824 99 4 not not PART crl-16824 99 5 indicate indicate VERB crl-16824 99 6 causation causation NOUN crl-16824 99 7 , , PUNCT crl-16824 99 8 the the DET crl-16824 99 9 t t NOUN crl-16824 99 10 - - PUNCT crl-16824 99 11 tests test NOUN crl-16824 99 12 in in ADP crl-16824 99 13 this this DET crl-16824 99 14 statistical statistical ADJ crl-16824 99 15 analysis analysis NOUN crl-16824 99 16 indicate indicate VERB crl-16824 99 17 that that SCONJ crl-16824 99 18 the the DET crl-16824 99 19 increase increase NOUN crl-16824 99 20 in in ADP crl-16824 99 21 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 99 22 is be AUX crl-16824 99 23 not not PART crl-16824 99 24 due due ADJ crl-16824 99 25 to to ADP crl-16824 99 26 chance chance NOUN crl-16824 99 27 . . PUNCT crl-16824 100 1 moreover moreover ADV crl-16824 100 2 , , PUNCT crl-16824 100 3 the the DET crl-16824 100 4 relatively relatively ADV crl-16824 100 5 large large ADJ crl-16824 100 6 sample sample NOUN crl-16824 100 7 size size NOUN crl-16824 100 8 of of ADP crl-16824 100 9 1,380 1,380 NUM crl-16824 100 10 students student NOUN crl-16824 100 11 contributes contribute VERB crl-16824 100 12 to to ADP crl-16824 100 13 the the DET crl-16824 100 14 authors author NOUN crl-16824 100 15 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 100 16 confidence confidence NOUN crl-16824 100 17 in in ADP crl-16824 100 18 the the DET crl-16824 100 19 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 100 20 . . PUNCT crl-16824 101 1 when when SCONJ crl-16824 101 2 each each DET crl-16824 101 3 student student NOUN crl-16824 101 4 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 101 5 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 101 6 was be AUX crl-16824 101 7 normalized normalize VERB crl-16824 101 8 to to PART crl-16824 101 9 account account VERB crl-16824 101 10 for for ADP crl-16824 101 11 differences difference NOUN crl-16824 101 12 in in ADP crl-16824 101 13 grading grade VERB crl-16824 101 14 rigor rigor NOUN crl-16824 101 15 between between ADP crl-16824 101 16 departments department NOUN crl-16824 101 17 and and CCONJ crl-16824 101 18 majors major NOUN crl-16824 101 19 , , PUNCT crl-16824 101 20 the the DET crl-16824 101 21 results result NOUN crl-16824 101 22 did do AUX crl-16824 101 23 not not PART crl-16824 101 24 display display VERB crl-16824 101 25 the the DET crl-16824 101 26 negative negative ADJ crl-16824 101 27 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 101 28 that that PRON crl-16824 101 29 soria soria VERB crl-16824 101 30 et et PROPN crl-16824 101 31 al al PROPN crl-16824 101 32 . . PROPN crl-16824 101 33 found find VERB crl-16824 101 34 in in ADP crl-16824 101 35 their their PRON crl-16824 101 36 data datum NOUN crl-16824 101 37 at at ADP crl-16824 101 38 the the DET crl-16824 101 39 university university PROPN crl-16824 101 40 of of ADP crl-16824 101 41 minnesota minnesota PROPN crl-16824 101 42 . . PUNCT crl-16824 102 1 the the DET crl-16824 102 2 evidence evidence NOUN crl-16824 102 3 indicates indicate VERB crl-16824 102 4 , , PUNCT crl-16824 102 5 therefore therefore ADV crl-16824 102 6 , , PUNCT crl-16824 102 7 that that SCONJ crl-16824 102 8 the the DET crl-16824 102 9 relationship relationship NOUN crl-16824 102 10 between between ADP crl-16824 102 11 library library NOUN crl-16824 102 12 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 102 13 and and CCONJ crl-16824 102 14 gpa gpa NOUN crl-16824 102 15 — — PUNCT crl-16824 102 16 at at ADP crl-16824 102 17 least least ADJ crl-16824 102 18 at at ADP crl-16824 102 19 this this DET crl-16824 102 20 institution institution NOUN crl-16824 102 21 — — PUNCT crl-16824 102 22 is be AUX crl-16824 102 23 not not PART crl-16824 102 24 due due ADJ crl-16824 102 25 to to ADP crl-16824 102 26 departments department NOUN crl-16824 102 27 with with ADP crl-16824 102 28 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 102 29 harder hard ADJ crl-16824 102 30 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 102 31 grading grade VERB crl-16824 102 32 standards standard NOUN crl-16824 102 33 that that PRON crl-16824 102 34 coincidentally coincidentally ADV crl-16824 102 35 happened happen VERB crl-16824 102 36 to to PART crl-16824 102 37 have have VERB crl-16824 102 38 fewer few ADJ crl-16824 102 39 courses course NOUN crl-16824 102 40 with with ADP crl-16824 102 41 library library NOUN crl-16824 102 42 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 102 43 . . PUNCT crl-16824 103 1 there there PRON crl-16824 103 2 were be VERB crl-16824 103 3 , , PUNCT crl-16824 103 4 of of ADP crl-16824 103 5 course course NOUN crl-16824 103 6 , , PUNCT crl-16824 103 7 several several ADJ crl-16824 103 8 limitations limitation NOUN crl-16824 103 9 with with ADP crl-16824 103 10 the the DET crl-16824 103 11 research research NOUN crl-16824 103 12 reported report VERB crl-16824 103 13 here here ADV crl-16824 103 14 . . PUNCT crl-16824 104 1 the the DET crl-16824 104 2 first first ADJ crl-16824 104 3 is be AUX crl-16824 104 4 that that SCONJ crl-16824 104 5 the the DET crl-16824 104 6 data datum NOUN crl-16824 104 7 did do AUX crl-16824 104 8 not not PART crl-16824 104 9 fully fully ADV crl-16824 104 10 account account VERB crl-16824 104 11 for for ADP crl-16824 104 12 the the DET crl-16824 104 13 6.5 6.5 NUM crl-16824 104 14 % % NOUN crl-16824 104 15 of of ADP crl-16824 104 16 students student NOUN crl-16824 104 17 who who PRON crl-16824 104 18 take take VERB crl-16824 104 19 more more ADJ crl-16824 104 20 than than ADP crl-16824 104 21 four four NUM crl-16824 104 22 the the DET crl-16824 104 23 academic academic PROPN crl-16824 104 24 library library PROPN crl-16824 104 25 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 104 26 contribution contribution NOUN crl-16824 104 27 to to ADP crl-16824 104 28 student student NOUN crl-16824 104 29 success success NOUN crl-16824 104 30 745 745 NUM crl-16824 104 31 years year NOUN crl-16824 104 32 to to PART crl-16824 104 33 graduate graduate VERB crl-16824 104 34 ; ; PUNCT crl-16824 104 35 for for ADP crl-16824 104 36 some some PRON crl-16824 104 37 of of ADP crl-16824 104 38 these these DET crl-16824 104 39 students student NOUN crl-16824 104 40 , , PUNCT crl-16824 104 41 this this DET crl-16824 104 42 analysis analysis NOUN crl-16824 104 43 may may AUX crl-16824 104 44 have have AUX crl-16824 104 45 under under ADV crl-16824 104 46 - - PUNCT crl-16824 104 47 calculated calculate VERB crl-16824 104 48 the the DET crl-16824 104 49 number number NOUN crl-16824 104 50 of of ADP crl-16824 104 51 courses course NOUN crl-16824 104 52 they they PRON crl-16824 104 53 took take VERB crl-16824 104 54 that that PRON crl-16824 104 55 had have VERB crl-16824 104 56 library library NOUN crl-16824 104 57 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 104 58 . . PUNCT crl-16824 105 1 a a DET crl-16824 105 2 more more ADV crl-16824 105 3 careful careful ADJ crl-16824 105 4 analysis analysis NOUN crl-16824 105 5 would would AUX crl-16824 105 6 have have AUX crl-16824 105 7 included include VERB crl-16824 105 8 a a DET crl-16824 105 9 list list NOUN crl-16824 105 10 of of ADP crl-16824 105 11 courses course NOUN crl-16824 105 12 for for ADP crl-16824 105 13 six six NUM crl-16824 105 14 or or CCONJ crl-16824 105 15 more more ADJ crl-16824 105 16 years year NOUN crl-16824 105 17 prior prior ADV crl-16824 105 18 to to ADP crl-16824 105 19 the the DET crl-16824 105 20 students student NOUN crl-16824 105 21 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 105 22 graduation graduation NOUN crl-16824 105 23 year year NOUN crl-16824 105 24 , , PUNCT crl-16824 105 25 and and CCONJ crl-16824 105 26 future future ADJ crl-16824 105 27 studies study NOUN crl-16824 105 28 may may AUX crl-16824 105 29 be be AUX crl-16824 105 30 able able ADJ crl-16824 105 31 to to PART crl-16824 105 32 incorporate incorporate VERB crl-16824 105 33 this this DET crl-16824 105 34 more more ADV crl-16824 105 35 nuanced nuanced ADJ crl-16824 105 36 analysis analysis NOUN crl-16824 105 37 . . PUNCT crl-16824 106 1 this this DET crl-16824 106 2 research research NOUN crl-16824 106 3 also also ADV crl-16824 106 4 did do AUX crl-16824 106 5 not not PART crl-16824 106 6 account account VERB crl-16824 106 7 for for ADP crl-16824 106 8 actual actual ADJ crl-16824 106 9 student student NOUN crl-16824 106 10 attendance attendance NOUN crl-16824 106 11 at at ADP crl-16824 106 12 library library NOUN crl-16824 106 13 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 106 14 ; ; PUNCT crl-16824 106 15 if if SCONJ crl-16824 106 16 a a DET crl-16824 106 17 student student NOUN crl-16824 106 18 missed miss VERB crl-16824 106 19 class class NOUN crl-16824 106 20 on on ADP crl-16824 106 21 the the DET crl-16824 106 22 day day NOUN crl-16824 106 23 of of ADP crl-16824 106 24 the the DET crl-16824 106 25 library library NOUN crl-16824 106 26 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 106 27 session session NOUN crl-16824 106 28 , , PUNCT crl-16824 106 29 that that DET crl-16824 106 30 student student NOUN crl-16824 106 31 was be AUX crl-16824 106 32 still still ADV crl-16824 106 33 counted count VERB crl-16824 106 34 as as ADP crl-16824 106 35 having having AUX crl-16824 106 36 attended attend VERB crl-16824 106 37 the the DET crl-16824 106 38 session session NOUN crl-16824 106 39 by by ADP crl-16824 106 40 virtue virtue NOUN crl-16824 106 41 of of ADP crl-16824 106 42 being be AUX crl-16824 106 43 enrolled enrol VERB crl-16824 106 44 in in ADP crl-16824 106 45 the the DET crl-16824 106 46 course course NOUN crl-16824 106 47 . . PUNCT crl-16824 107 1 it it PRON crl-16824 107 2 is be AUX crl-16824 107 3 hard hard ADJ crl-16824 107 4 to to PART crl-16824 107 5 imagine imagine VERB crl-16824 107 6 a a DET crl-16824 107 7 feasible feasible ADJ crl-16824 107 8 strategy strategy NOUN crl-16824 107 9 for for ADP crl-16824 107 10 overcoming overcome VERB crl-16824 107 11 this this DET crl-16824 107 12 limitation limitation NOUN crl-16824 107 13 , , PUNCT crl-16824 107 14 because because SCONJ crl-16824 107 15 taking take VERB crl-16824 107 16 attendance attendance NOUN crl-16824 107 17 at at ADP crl-16824 107 18 every every DET crl-16824 107 19 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 107 20 session session NOUN crl-16824 107 21 would would AUX crl-16824 107 22 be be AUX crl-16824 107 23 tremendously tremendously ADV crl-16824 107 24 burdensome burdensome ADJ crl-16824 107 25 for for ADP crl-16824 107 26 librarians librarian NOUN crl-16824 107 27 and and CCONJ crl-16824 107 28 would would AUX crl-16824 107 29 significantly significantly ADV crl-16824 107 30 reduce reduce VERB crl-16824 107 31 students student NOUN crl-16824 107 32 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 107 33 anonymity anonymity NOUN crl-16824 107 34 . . PUNCT crl-16824 108 1 while while SCONJ crl-16824 108 2 coding code VERB crl-16824 108 3 students student NOUN crl-16824 108 4 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 108 5 majors major NOUN crl-16824 108 6 reduced reduce VERB crl-16824 108 7 the the DET crl-16824 108 8 risk risk NOUN crl-16824 108 9 of of ADP crl-16824 108 10 reverse reverse NOUN crl-16824 108 11 - - PUNCT crl-16824 108 12 identification identification NOUN crl-16824 108 13 of of ADP crl-16824 108 14 individual individual ADJ crl-16824 108 15 students student NOUN crl-16824 108 16 , , PUNCT crl-16824 108 17 it it PRON crl-16824 108 18 also also ADV crl-16824 108 19 made make VERB crl-16824 108 20 it it PRON crl-16824 108 21 impossible impossible ADJ crl-16824 108 22 to to PART crl-16824 108 23 determine determine VERB crl-16824 108 24 which which DET crl-16824 108 25 departments department NOUN crl-16824 108 26 saw see VERB crl-16824 108 27 the the DET crl-16824 108 28 greatest great ADJ crl-16824 108 29 increase increase NOUN crl-16824 108 30 in in ADP crl-16824 108 31 students student NOUN crl-16824 108 32 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 108 33 gpas gpas NOUN crl-16824 108 34 with with ADP crl-16824 108 35 library library NOUN crl-16824 108 36 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 108 37 . . PUNCT crl-16824 109 1 larger large ADJ crl-16824 109 2 data datum NOUN crl-16824 109 3 sets set NOUN crl-16824 109 4 would would AUX crl-16824 109 5 increase increase VERB crl-16824 109 6 the the DET crl-16824 109 7 number number NOUN crl-16824 109 8 of of ADP crl-16824 109 9 majors major NOUN crl-16824 109 10 with with ADP crl-16824 109 11 very very ADV crl-16824 109 12 small small ADJ crl-16824 109 13 numbers number NOUN crl-16824 109 14 of of ADP crl-16824 109 15 student student NOUN crl-16824 109 16 participants participant NOUN crl-16824 109 17 , , PUNCT crl-16824 109 18 and and CCONJ crl-16824 109 19 make make VERB crl-16824 109 20 it it PRON crl-16824 109 21 possible possible ADJ crl-16824 109 22 for for SCONJ crl-16824 109 23 researchers researcher NOUN crl-16824 109 24 to to PART crl-16824 109 25 view view VERB crl-16824 109 26 the the DET crl-16824 109 27 data datum NOUN crl-16824 109 28 with with ADP crl-16824 109 29 actual actual ADJ crl-16824 109 30 department department NOUN crl-16824 109 31 names name NOUN crl-16824 109 32 , , PUNCT crl-16824 109 33 rather rather ADV crl-16824 109 34 than than ADP crl-16824 109 35 codes code NOUN crl-16824 109 36 . . PUNCT crl-16824 110 1 finally finally ADV crl-16824 110 2 , , PUNCT crl-16824 110 3 the the DET crl-16824 110 4 authors author NOUN crl-16824 110 5 recognize recognize VERB crl-16824 110 6 that that SCONJ crl-16824 110 7 four four NUM crl-16824 110 8 - - PUNCT crl-16824 110 9 year year NOUN crl-16824 110 10 cumulative cumulative ADJ crl-16824 110 11 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 110 12 is be AUX crl-16824 110 13 not not PART crl-16824 110 14 a a DET crl-16824 110 15 perfect perfect ADJ crl-16824 110 16 proxy proxy NOUN crl-16824 110 17 for for ADP crl-16824 110 18 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 110 19 student student NOUN crl-16824 110 20 success success NOUN crl-16824 110 21 . . PUNCT crl-16824 110 22 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 111 1 while while SCONJ crl-16824 111 2 there there PRON crl-16824 111 3 are be VERB crl-16824 111 4 many many ADJ crl-16824 111 5 definitions definition NOUN crl-16824 111 6 of of ADP crl-16824 111 7 student student NOUN crl-16824 111 8 success success NOUN crl-16824 111 9 , , PUNCT crl-16824 111 10 gpa gpa PROPN crl-16824 111 11 is be AUX crl-16824 111 12 one one NUM crl-16824 111 13 that that PRON crl-16824 111 14 is be AUX crl-16824 111 15 widely widely ADV crl-16824 111 16 recognized recognize VERB crl-16824 111 17 , , PUNCT crl-16824 111 18 easily easily ADV crl-16824 111 19 quantifiable quantifiable ADJ crl-16824 111 20 , , PUNCT crl-16824 111 21 and and CCONJ crl-16824 111 22 readily readily ADV crl-16824 111 23 available available ADJ crl-16824 111 24 at at ADP crl-16824 111 25 many many ADJ crl-16824 111 26 , , PUNCT crl-16824 111 27 if if SCONJ crl-16824 111 28 not not PART crl-16824 111 29 all all PRON crl-16824 111 30 , , PUNCT crl-16824 111 31 institutions institution NOUN crl-16824 111 32 of of ADP crl-16824 111 33 higher high ADJ crl-16824 111 34 education education NOUN crl-16824 111 35 . . PUNCT crl-16824 112 1 conclusions conclusion NOUN crl-16824 112 2 the the DET crl-16824 112 3 results result NOUN crl-16824 112 4 have have AUX crl-16824 112 5 been be AUX crl-16824 112 6 useful useful ADJ crl-16824 112 7 both both PRON crl-16824 112 8 locally locally ADV crl-16824 112 9 on on ADP crl-16824 112 10 the the DET crl-16824 112 11 saint saint PROPN crl-16824 112 12 mary mary PROPN crl-16824 112 13 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 112 14 college college NOUN crl-16824 112 15 campus campus NOUN crl-16824 112 16 , , PUNCT crl-16824 112 17 and and CCONJ crl-16824 112 18 also also ADV crl-16824 112 19 in in ADP crl-16824 112 20 the the DET crl-16824 112 21 wider wide ADJ crl-16824 112 22 conversation conversation NOUN crl-16824 112 23 about about ADP crl-16824 112 24 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 112 25 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 112 26 and and CCONJ crl-16824 112 27 student student NOUN crl-16824 112 28 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-16824 112 29 , , PUNCT crl-16824 112 30 because because SCONJ crl-16824 112 31 they they PRON crl-16824 112 32 show show VERB crl-16824 112 33 a a DET crl-16824 112 34 real real ADJ crl-16824 112 35 , , PUNCT crl-16824 112 36 statistically statistically ADV crl-16824 112 37 valid valid ADJ crl-16824 112 38 connection connection NOUN crl-16824 112 39 between between ADP crl-16824 112 40 library library NOUN crl-16824 112 41 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 112 42 and and CCONJ crl-16824 112 43 students student NOUN crl-16824 112 44 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 112 45 long long ADJ crl-16824 112 46 - - PUNCT crl-16824 112 47 term term NOUN crl-16824 112 48 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 112 49 achievement achievement NOUN crl-16824 112 50 , , PUNCT crl-16824 112 51 as as SCONJ crl-16824 112 52 represented represent VERB crl-16824 112 53 by by ADP crl-16824 112 54 their their PRON crl-16824 112 55 grade grade NOUN crl-16824 112 56 - - PUNCT crl-16824 112 57 point point NOUN crl-16824 112 58 averages average NOUN crl-16824 112 59 . . PUNCT crl-16824 113 1 the the DET crl-16824 113 2 results result NOUN crl-16824 113 3 also also ADV crl-16824 113 4 provide provide VERB crl-16824 113 5 greater great ADJ crl-16824 113 6 context context NOUN crl-16824 113 7 for for ADP crl-16824 113 8 the the DET crl-16824 113 9 negative negative ADJ crl-16824 113 10 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 113 11 that that PRON crl-16824 113 12 soria soria VERB crl-16824 113 13 et et PROPN crl-16824 113 14 al al PROPN crl-16824 113 15 . . PROPN crl-16824 113 16 found find VERB crl-16824 113 17 at at ADP crl-16824 113 18 the the DET crl-16824 113 19 university university PROPN crl-16824 113 20 of of ADP crl-16824 113 21 minnesota minnesota PROPN crl-16824 113 22 , , PUNCT crl-16824 113 23 and and CCONJ crl-16824 113 24 suggest suggest VERB crl-16824 113 25 that that SCONJ crl-16824 113 26 disciplinary disciplinary ADJ crl-16824 113 27 grading grading NOUN crl-16824 113 28 standards standard NOUN crl-16824 113 29 are be AUX crl-16824 113 30 yet yet ADV crl-16824 113 31 another another PRON crl-16824 113 32 among among ADP crl-16824 113 33 the the DET crl-16824 113 34 many many ADJ crl-16824 113 35 factors factor NOUN crl-16824 113 36 researchers researcher NOUN crl-16824 113 37 need need VERB crl-16824 113 38 to to PART crl-16824 113 39 take take VERB crl-16824 113 40 into into ADP crl-16824 113 41 account account NOUN crl-16824 113 42 when when SCONJ crl-16824 113 43 planning plan VERB crl-16824 113 44 research research NOUN crl-16824 113 45 design design NOUN crl-16824 113 46 . . PUNCT crl-16824 114 1 data datum NOUN crl-16824 114 2 like like ADP crl-16824 114 3 those those PRON crl-16824 114 4 described describe VERB crl-16824 114 5 here here ADV crl-16824 114 6 can can AUX crl-16824 114 7 be be AUX crl-16824 114 8 used use VERB crl-16824 114 9 by by ADP crl-16824 114 10 librarians librarian NOUN crl-16824 114 11 to to PART crl-16824 114 12 demonstrate demonstrate VERB crl-16824 114 13 the the DET crl-16824 114 14 value value NOUN crl-16824 114 15 of of ADP crl-16824 114 16 their their PRON crl-16824 114 17 work work NOUN crl-16824 114 18 in in ADP crl-16824 114 19 tangible tangible ADJ crl-16824 114 20 terms term NOUN crl-16824 114 21 that that PRON crl-16824 114 22 communicate communicate VERB crl-16824 114 23 to to ADP crl-16824 114 24 administrators administrator NOUN crl-16824 114 25 , , PUNCT crl-16824 114 26 to to PART crl-16824 114 27 advocate advocate VERB crl-16824 114 28 for for ADP crl-16824 114 29 additional additional ADJ crl-16824 114 30 resources resource NOUN crl-16824 114 31 , , PUNCT crl-16824 114 32 and and CCONJ crl-16824 114 33 to to PART crl-16824 114 34 persuade persuade VERB crl-16824 114 35 faculty faculty NOUN crl-16824 114 36 of of ADP crl-16824 114 37 the the DET crl-16824 114 38 benefits benefit NOUN crl-16824 114 39 of of ADP crl-16824 114 40 library library NOUN crl-16824 114 41 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 114 42 to to ADP crl-16824 114 43 their their PRON crl-16824 114 44 students student NOUN crl-16824 114 45 . . PUNCT crl-16824 115 1 on on ADP crl-16824 115 2 this this DET crl-16824 115 3 campus campus NOUN crl-16824 115 4 , , PUNCT crl-16824 115 5 the the DET crl-16824 115 6 next next ADJ crl-16824 115 7 steps step NOUN crl-16824 115 8 will will AUX crl-16824 115 9 also also ADV crl-16824 115 10 include include VERB crl-16824 115 11 working work VERB crl-16824 115 12 to to PART crl-16824 115 13 build build VERB crl-16824 115 14 consistent consistent ADJ crl-16824 115 15 and and CCONJ crl-16824 115 16 tiered tiere VERB crl-16824 115 17 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 115 18 in in ADP crl-16824 115 19 departments department NOUN crl-16824 115 20 where where SCONJ crl-16824 115 21 a a DET crl-16824 115 22 large large ADJ crl-16824 115 23 number number NOUN crl-16824 115 24 of of ADP crl-16824 115 25 courses course NOUN crl-16824 115 26 have have VERB crl-16824 115 27 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 115 28 , , PUNCT crl-16824 115 29 in in ADP crl-16824 115 30 order order NOUN crl-16824 115 31 to to PART crl-16824 115 32 reduce reduce VERB crl-16824 115 33 the the DET crl-16824 115 34 effect effect NOUN crl-16824 115 35 of of ADP crl-16824 115 36 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 115 37 i i PRON crl-16824 115 38 ’ve ’ve AUX crl-16824 115 39 heard hear VERB crl-16824 115 40 this this PRON crl-16824 115 41 before before ADV crl-16824 115 42 ! ! PUNCT crl-16824 115 43 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 116 1 one one NUM crl-16824 116 2 of of ADP crl-16824 116 3 the the DET crl-16824 116 4 advantages advantage NOUN crl-16824 116 5 of of ADP crl-16824 116 6 conducting conduct VERB crl-16824 116 7 research research NOUN crl-16824 116 8 such such ADJ crl-16824 116 9 as as ADP crl-16824 116 10 this this PRON crl-16824 116 11 is be AUX crl-16824 116 12 that that SCONJ crl-16824 116 13 librarians librarians PROPN crl-16824 116 14 do do AUX crl-16824 116 15 not not PART crl-16824 116 16 have have VERB crl-16824 116 17 to to PART crl-16824 116 18 collect collect VERB crl-16824 116 19 additional additional ADJ crl-16824 116 20 data datum NOUN crl-16824 116 21 beyond beyond ADP crl-16824 116 22 what what PRON crl-16824 116 23 the the DET crl-16824 116 24 institution institution NOUN crl-16824 116 25 already already ADV crl-16824 116 26 tracks track VERB crl-16824 116 27 and and CCONJ crl-16824 116 28 stores store NOUN crl-16824 116 29 . . PUNCT crl-16824 117 1 after after ADP crl-16824 117 2 receiving receive VERB crl-16824 117 3 irb irb NOUN crl-16824 117 4 approval approval NOUN crl-16824 117 5 and and CCONJ crl-16824 117 6 safeguarding safeguard VERB crl-16824 117 7 participants participant NOUN crl-16824 117 8 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 117 9 privacy privacy NOUN crl-16824 117 10 by by ADP crl-16824 117 11 removing remove VERB crl-16824 117 12 student student NOUN crl-16824 117 13 identification identification NOUN crl-16824 117 14 numbers number NOUN crl-16824 117 15 and and CCONJ crl-16824 117 16 anonymizing anonymize VERB crl-16824 117 17 the the DET crl-16824 117 18 major major ADJ crl-16824 117 19 codes code NOUN crl-16824 117 20 , , PUNCT crl-16824 117 21 researchers researcher NOUN crl-16824 117 22 can can AUX crl-16824 117 23 tap tap VERB crl-16824 117 24 into into ADP crl-16824 117 25 a a DET crl-16824 117 26 source source NOUN crl-16824 117 27 of of ADP crl-16824 117 28 data datum NOUN crl-16824 117 29 that that PRON crl-16824 117 30 exists exist VERB crl-16824 117 31 on on ADP crl-16824 117 32 all all DET crl-16824 117 33 college college NOUN crl-16824 117 34 and and CCONJ crl-16824 117 35 university university NOUN crl-16824 117 36 campuses campus NOUN crl-16824 117 37 . . PUNCT crl-16824 118 1 similar similar ADJ crl-16824 118 2 studies study NOUN crl-16824 118 3 could could AUX crl-16824 118 4 easily easily ADV crl-16824 118 5 be be AUX crl-16824 118 6 performed perform VERB crl-16824 118 7 across across ADP crl-16824 118 8 a a DET crl-16824 118 9 variety variety NOUN crl-16824 118 10 of of ADP crl-16824 118 11 campuses campus NOUN crl-16824 118 12 , , PUNCT crl-16824 118 13 and and CCONJ crl-16824 118 14 indeed indeed ADV crl-16824 118 15 , , PUNCT crl-16824 118 16 several several ADJ crl-16824 118 17 have have AUX crl-16824 118 18 already already ADV crl-16824 118 19 been be AUX crl-16824 118 20 done do VERB crl-16824 118 21 , , PUNCT crl-16824 118 22 as as SCONJ crl-16824 118 23 documented document VERB crl-16824 118 24 above above ADV crl-16824 118 25 in in ADP crl-16824 118 26 the the DET crl-16824 118 27 review review NOUN crl-16824 118 28 of of ADP crl-16824 118 29 the the DET crl-16824 118 30 literature literature NOUN crl-16824 118 31 . . PUNCT crl-16824 119 1 future future ADJ crl-16824 119 2 research research NOUN crl-16824 119 3 could could AUX crl-16824 119 4 control control VERB crl-16824 119 5 for for ADP crl-16824 119 6 both both DET crl-16824 119 7 students student NOUN crl-16824 119 8 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 119 9 demographics demographic NOUN crl-16824 119 10 and and CCONJ crl-16824 119 11 pre pre ADJ crl-16824 119 12 - - ADJ crl-16824 119 13 college college ADJ crl-16824 119 14 preparation preparation NOUN crl-16824 119 15 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 119 16 as as ADP crl-16824 119 17 soria soria PROPN crl-16824 119 18 et et PROPN crl-16824 120 1 al al PROPN crl-16824 120 2 . . PROPN crl-16824 120 3 did do AUX crl-16824 120 4 so so ADV crl-16824 120 5 thoroughly thoroughly ADV crl-16824 120 6 in in ADP crl-16824 120 7 their their PRON crl-16824 120 8 work work NOUN crl-16824 120 9 at at ADP crl-16824 120 10 the the DET crl-16824 120 11 university university PROPN crl-16824 120 12 of of ADP crl-16824 120 13 minnesota minnesota PROPN crl-16824 120 14 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 120 15 , , PUNCT crl-16824 120 16 as as ADV crl-16824 120 17 well well ADV crl-16824 120 18 as as ADP crl-16824 120 19 students student NOUN crl-16824 120 20 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 120 21 majors major NOUN crl-16824 120 22 and and CCONJ crl-16824 120 23 departmental departmental ADJ crl-16824 120 24 grading grading NOUN crl-16824 120 25 standards standard NOUN crl-16824 120 26 . . PUNCT crl-16824 121 1 the the DET crl-16824 121 2 authors author NOUN crl-16824 121 3 would would AUX crl-16824 121 4 also also ADV crl-16824 121 5 like like VERB crl-16824 121 6 to to PART crl-16824 121 7 repeat repeat VERB crl-16824 121 8 this this DET crl-16824 121 9 study study NOUN crl-16824 121 10 with with ADP crl-16824 121 11 a a DET crl-16824 121 12 larger large ADJ crl-16824 121 13 set set NOUN crl-16824 121 14 of of ADP crl-16824 121 15 student student NOUN crl-16824 121 16 data datum NOUN crl-16824 121 17 to to PART crl-16824 121 18 investigate investigate VERB crl-16824 121 19 whether whether SCONJ crl-16824 121 20 students student NOUN crl-16824 121 21 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 121 22 gpas gpa NOUN crl-16824 121 23 truly truly ADV crl-16824 121 24 do do AUX crl-16824 121 25 increase increase VERB crl-16824 121 26 dramatically dramatically ADV crl-16824 121 27 with with ADP crl-16824 121 28 large large ADJ crl-16824 121 29 amounts amount NOUN crl-16824 121 30 of of ADP crl-16824 121 31 library library NOUN crl-16824 121 32 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 121 33 , , PUNCT crl-16824 121 34 as as SCONJ crl-16824 121 35 the the DET crl-16824 121 36 data datum NOUN crl-16824 121 37 reported report VERB crl-16824 121 38 here here ADV crl-16824 121 39 appear appear VERB crl-16824 121 40 to to PART crl-16824 121 41 suggest suggest VERB crl-16824 121 42 , , PUNCT crl-16824 121 43 or or CCONJ crl-16824 121 44 whether whether SCONJ crl-16824 121 45 that that DET crl-16824 121 46 increase increase NOUN crl-16824 121 47 was be AUX crl-16824 121 48 a a DET crl-16824 121 49 statistical statistical ADJ crl-16824 121 50 anomaly anomaly NOUN crl-16824 121 51 that that PRON crl-16824 121 52 disappears disappear VERB crl-16824 121 53 with with ADP crl-16824 121 54 a a DET crl-16824 121 55 larger large ADJ crl-16824 121 56 data datum NOUN crl-16824 121 57 set set VERB crl-16824 121 58 . . PUNCT crl-16824 122 1 a a DET crl-16824 122 2 larger large ADJ crl-16824 122 3 data datum NOUN crl-16824 122 4 set set VERB crl-16824 122 5 would would AUX crl-16824 122 6 also also ADV crl-16824 122 7 increase increase VERB crl-16824 122 8 the the DET crl-16824 122 9 number number NOUN crl-16824 122 10 of of ADP crl-16824 122 11 individual individual ADJ crl-16824 122 12 majors major NOUN crl-16824 122 13 with with ADP crl-16824 122 14 enough enough ADJ crl-16824 122 15 data data NOUN crl-16824 122 16 points point NOUN crl-16824 122 17 to to PART crl-16824 122 18 perform perform VERB crl-16824 122 19 t t NOUN crl-16824 122 20 - - PUNCT crl-16824 122 21 tests test NOUN crl-16824 122 22 on on ADP crl-16824 122 23 students student NOUN crl-16824 122 24 within within ADP crl-16824 122 25 that that DET crl-16824 122 26 major major NOUN crl-16824 122 27 . . PUNCT crl-16824 123 1 the the DET crl-16824 123 2 authors author NOUN crl-16824 123 3 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 123 4 hope hope NOUN crl-16824 123 5 is be AUX crl-16824 123 6 that that SCONJ crl-16824 123 7 future future ADJ crl-16824 123 8 research research NOUN crl-16824 123 9 on on ADP crl-16824 123 10 this this DET crl-16824 123 11 746 746 NUM crl-16824 123 12 college college NOUN crl-16824 123 13 & & CCONJ crl-16824 123 14 research research PROPN crl-16824 123 15 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 123 16 september september PROPN crl-16824 123 17 2018 2018 NUM crl-16824 123 18 campus campus NOUN crl-16824 123 19 , , PUNCT crl-16824 123 20 or or CCONJ crl-16824 123 21 on on ADP crl-16824 123 22 campuses campus NOUN crl-16824 123 23 with with ADP crl-16824 123 24 larger large ADJ crl-16824 123 25 undergraduate undergraduate NOUN crl-16824 123 26 student student NOUN crl-16824 123 27 bodies body NOUN crl-16824 123 28 , , PUNCT crl-16824 123 29 would would AUX crl-16824 123 30 help help VERB crl-16824 123 31 to to PART crl-16824 123 32 clarify clarify VERB crl-16824 123 33 the the DET crl-16824 123 34 extent extent NOUN crl-16824 123 35 and and CCONJ crl-16824 123 36 range range NOUN crl-16824 123 37 of of ADP crl-16824 123 38 the the DET crl-16824 123 39 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 123 40 between between ADP crl-16824 123 41 library library NOUN crl-16824 123 42 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 123 43 and and CCONJ crl-16824 123 44 graduating graduating NOUN crl-16824 123 45 students student NOUN crl-16824 123 46 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 123 47 grade grade NOUN crl-16824 123 48 point point NOUN crl-16824 123 49 average average NOUN crl-16824 123 50 . . PUNCT crl-16824 124 1 acknowledgements acknowledgement NOUN crl-16824 124 2 the the DET crl-16824 124 3 authors author NOUN crl-16824 124 4 gratefully gratefully ADV crl-16824 124 5 acknowledge acknowledge VERB crl-16824 124 6 the the DET crl-16824 124 7 assistance assistance NOUN crl-16824 124 8 and and CCONJ crl-16824 124 9 contributions contribution NOUN crl-16824 124 10 of of ADP crl-16824 124 11 daniel daniel NOUN crl-16824 124 12 flowers flower NOUN crl-16824 124 13 , , PUNCT crl-16824 124 14 director director NOUN crl-16824 124 15 of of ADP crl-16824 124 16 institutional institutional ADJ crl-16824 124 17 research research NOUN crl-16824 124 18 and and CCONJ crl-16824 124 19 assessment assessment NOUN crl-16824 124 20 and and CCONJ crl-16824 124 21 todd todd ADJ crl-16824 124 22 norris norris PROPN crl-16824 124 23 , , PUNCT crl-16824 124 24 college college NOUN crl-16824 124 25 registrar registrar NOUN crl-16824 124 26 . . PUNCT crl-16824 125 1 notes note NOUN crl-16824 125 2 1 1 NUM crl-16824 125 3 . . PROPN crl-16824 125 4 association association PROPN crl-16824 125 5 of of ADP crl-16824 125 6 college college NOUN crl-16824 125 7 and and CCONJ crl-16824 125 8 research research NOUN crl-16824 125 9 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 125 10 , , PUNCT crl-16824 125 11 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 125 12 acrl acrl ADJ crl-16824 125 13 value value NOUN crl-16824 125 14 of of ADP crl-16824 125 15 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 125 16 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 125 17 , , PUNCT crl-16824 125 18 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 125 19 accessed access VERB crl-16824 125 20 october october PROPN crl-16824 125 21 28 28 NUM crl-16824 125 22 , , PUNCT crl-16824 125 23 2016 2016 NUM crl-16824 125 24 , , PUNCT crl-16824 125 25 http://www.acrl.ala.org/value/ http://www.acrl.ala.org/value/ NOUN crl-16824 125 26 . . PUNCT crl-16824 126 1 2 2 X crl-16824 126 2 . . X crl-16824 126 3 krista krista PROPN crl-16824 126 4 m. m. PROPN crl-16824 126 5 soria soria PROPN crl-16824 126 6 , , PUNCT crl-16824 126 7 jan jan PROPN crl-16824 126 8 fransen fransen PROPN crl-16824 126 9 , , PUNCT crl-16824 126 10 and and CCONJ crl-16824 126 11 shane shane ADJ crl-16824 126 12 nackerud nackerud NOUN crl-16824 126 13 , , PUNCT crl-16824 126 14 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 126 15 library library NOUN crl-16824 126 16 use use NOUN crl-16824 126 17 and and CCONJ crl-16824 126 18 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ crl-16824 126 19 student student NOUN crl-16824 126 20 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-16824 126 21 : : PUNCT crl-16824 126 22 new new ADJ crl-16824 126 23 evidence evidence NOUN crl-16824 126 24 for for ADP crl-16824 126 25 students student NOUN crl-16824 126 26 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 126 27 retention retention NOUN crl-16824 126 28 and and CCONJ crl-16824 126 29 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 126 30 success success NOUN crl-16824 126 31 , , PUNCT crl-16824 126 32 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 126 33 portal portal ADJ crl-16824 126 34 : : PUNCT crl-16824 126 35 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 126 36 and and CCONJ crl-16824 126 37 the the DET crl-16824 126 38 academy academy NOUN crl-16824 126 39 13 13 NUM crl-16824 126 40 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 126 41 apr apr NOUN crl-16824 126 42 . . PROPN crl-16824 126 43 2013 2013 NUM crl-16824 126 44 ): ): PUNCT crl-16824 126 45 147 147 NUM crl-16824 126 46 - - SYM crl-16824 126 47 164 164 NUM crl-16824 126 48 , , PUNCT crl-16824 126 49 accessed access VERB crl-16824 126 50 april april PROPN crl-16824 126 51 21 21 NUM crl-16824 126 52 , , PUNCT crl-16824 126 53 2017 2017 NUM crl-16824 126 54 , , PUNCT crl-16824 126 55 doi doi PROPN crl-16824 126 56 : : PUNCT crl-16824 126 57 10.1353 10.1353 NUM crl-16824 126 58 / / SYM crl-16824 126 59 pla.2013.0010 pla.2013.0010 NUM crl-16824 126 60 . . PUNCT crl-16824 127 1 3 3 X crl-16824 127 2 . . X crl-16824 127 3 shun shun PROPN crl-16824 127 4 han han PROPN crl-16824 127 5 rebekah rebekah PROPN crl-16824 127 6 wong wong PROPN crl-16824 127 7 and and CCONJ crl-16824 127 8 dianne dianne PROPN crl-16824 127 9 cmor cmor NOUN crl-16824 127 10 , , PUNCT crl-16824 127 11 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 127 12 measuring measure VERB crl-16824 127 13 association association NOUN crl-16824 127 14 between between ADP crl-16824 127 15 library library NOUN crl-16824 127 16 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 127 17 and and CCONJ crl-16824 127 18 graduation graduation NOUN crl-16824 127 19 gpa gpa NOUN crl-16824 127 20 , , PUNCT crl-16824 127 21 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 127 22 college college NOUN crl-16824 127 23 and and CCONJ crl-16824 127 24 research research NOUN crl-16824 127 25 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 127 26 72 72 NUM crl-16824 127 27 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 127 28 sept sept PROPN crl-16824 127 29 . . PROPN crl-16824 127 30 2011 2011 NUM crl-16824 127 31 ): ): PUNCT crl-16824 127 32 464 464 NUM crl-16824 127 33 - - SYM crl-16824 127 34 473 473 NUM crl-16824 127 35 , , PUNCT crl-16824 127 36 accessed access VERB crl-16824 127 37 october october PROPN crl-16824 127 38 28 28 NUM crl-16824 127 39 , , PUNCT crl-16824 127 40 2016 2016 NUM crl-16824 127 41 , , PUNCT crl-16824 127 42 doi doi PROPN crl-16824 127 43 : : PUNCT crl-16824 127 44 10.5860 10.5860 NUM crl-16824 127 45 / / SYM crl-16824 127 46 crl-151 crl-151 NOUN crl-16824 127 47 ; ; PUNCT crl-16824 127 48 melissa melissa PROPN crl-16824 127 49 bowles bowles PROPN crl-16824 127 50 - - PUNCT crl-16824 127 51 terry terry PROPN crl-16824 127 52 , , PUNCT crl-16824 127 53 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 127 54 library library NOUN crl-16824 127 55 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 127 56 and and CCONJ crl-16824 127 57 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 127 58 success success NOUN crl-16824 127 59 : : PUNCT crl-16824 127 60 a a DET crl-16824 127 61 mixed mix VERB crl-16824 127 62 - - PUNCT crl-16824 127 63 methods method NOUN crl-16824 127 64 assessment assessment NOUN crl-16824 127 65 of of ADP crl-16824 127 66 a a DET crl-16824 127 67 library library NOUN crl-16824 127 68 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 127 69 program program NOUN crl-16824 127 70 , , PUNCT crl-16824 127 71 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 127 72 evidence evidence NOUN crl-16824 127 73 based base VERB crl-16824 127 74 library library NOUN crl-16824 127 75 and and CCONJ crl-16824 127 76 information information NOUN crl-16824 127 77 practice practice NOUN crl-16824 127 78 7 7 NUM crl-16824 127 79 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 127 80 2012 2012 NUM crl-16824 127 81 ): ): PUNCT crl-16824 127 82 82 82 NUM crl-16824 127 83 - - SYM crl-16824 127 84 95 95 NUM crl-16824 127 85 , , PUNCT crl-16824 127 86 accessed access VERB crl-16824 127 87 april april PROPN crl-16824 127 88 21 21 NUM crl-16824 127 89 , , PUNCT crl-16824 127 90 2017 2017 NUM crl-16824 127 91 , , PUNCT crl-16824 127 92 doi doi INTJ crl-16824 127 93 : : PUNCT crl-16824 127 94 10.18438 10.18438 NUM crl-16824 127 95 / / SYM crl-16824 127 96 b8ps4d b8ps4d NOUN crl-16824 127 97 . . PUNCT crl-16824 128 1 4 4 X crl-16824 128 2 . . X crl-16824 128 3 b. b. PROPN crl-16824 128 4 curtis curtis PROPN crl-16824 128 5 eaton eaton PROPN crl-16824 128 6 and and CCONJ crl-16824 128 7 mukesh mukesh PROPN crl-16824 128 8 eswaran eswaran NOUN crl-16824 128 9 , , PUNCT crl-16824 128 10 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 128 11 differential differential ADJ crl-16824 128 12 grading grade VERB crl-16824 128 13 standards standard NOUN crl-16824 128 14 and and CCONJ crl-16824 128 15 student student NOUN crl-16824 128 16 incentives incentive NOUN crl-16824 128 17 , , PUNCT crl-16824 128 18 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 128 19 canadian canadian ADJ crl-16824 128 20 public public ADJ crl-16824 128 21 policy policy NOUN crl-16824 128 22 / / SYM crl-16824 128 23 analyse analyse PROPN crl-16824 128 24 de de PROPN crl-16824 128 25 politiques politique NOUN crl-16824 128 26 34 34 NUM crl-16824 128 27 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 128 28 june june PROPN crl-16824 128 29 2008 2008 NUM crl-16824 128 30 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 128 31 , , PUNCT crl-16824 128 32 222 222 NUM crl-16824 128 33 , , PUNCT crl-16824 128 34 accessed access VERB crl-16824 128 35 april april PROPN crl-16824 128 36 21 21 NUM crl-16824 128 37 , , PUNCT crl-16824 128 38 2017 2017 NUM crl-16824 128 39 , , PUNCT crl-16824 128 40 doi doi PROPN crl-16824 128 41 : : PUNCT crl-16824 128 42 10.3138 10.3138 NUM crl-16824 128 43 / / SYM crl-16824 128 44 cpp.34.2.215 cpp.34.2.215 PROPN crl-16824 128 45 . . PROPN crl-16824 128 46 5 5 NUM crl-16824 128 47 . . X crl-16824 128 48 stuart stuart PROPN crl-16824 128 49 rojstaczer rojstaczer PROPN crl-16824 128 50 and and CCONJ crl-16824 128 51 christopher christopher PROPN crl-16824 128 52 healy healy PROPN crl-16824 128 53 , , PUNCT crl-16824 128 54 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 128 55 where where SCONJ crl-16824 128 56 a a PRON crl-16824 128 57 is be AUX crl-16824 128 58 ordinary ordinary ADJ crl-16824 128 59 : : PUNCT crl-16824 128 60 the the DET crl-16824 128 61 evolution evolution NOUN crl-16824 128 62 of of ADP crl-16824 128 63 american american PROPN crl-16824 128 64 college college PROPN crl-16824 128 65 and and CCONJ crl-16824 128 66 university university NOUN crl-16824 128 67 grading grading NOUN crl-16824 128 68 , , PUNCT crl-16824 128 69 1940 1940 NUM crl-16824 128 70 - - SYM crl-16824 128 71 2009 2009 NUM crl-16824 128 72 , , PUNCT crl-16824 128 73 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 128 74 teachers teacher NOUN crl-16824 128 75 college college PROPN crl-16824 128 76 record record NOUN crl-16824 128 77 114 114 NUM crl-16824 128 78 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 128 79 2012 2012 NUM crl-16824 128 80 ): ): PUNCT crl-16824 128 81 1 1 NUM crl-16824 128 82 - - SYM crl-16824 128 83 23 23 NUM crl-16824 128 84 , , PUNCT crl-16824 128 85 accessed access VERB crl-16824 128 86 april april PROPN crl-16824 128 87 21 21 NUM crl-16824 128 88 , , PUNCT crl-16824 128 89 2017 2017 NUM crl-16824 128 90 . . PUNCT crl-16824 129 1 6 6 X crl-16824 129 2 . . X crl-16824 129 3 bowles bowles PROPN crl-16824 129 4 - - PUNCT crl-16824 129 5 terry terry PROPN crl-16824 129 6 , , PUNCT crl-16824 129 7 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 129 8 library library NOUN crl-16824 129 9 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 129 10 and and CCONJ crl-16824 129 11 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 129 12 success success NOUN crl-16824 129 13 , , PUNCT crl-16824 129 14 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 129 15 84 84 NUM crl-16824 129 16 . . PUNCT crl-16824 130 1 7 7 X crl-16824 130 2 . . PROPN crl-16824 130 3 joseph joseph PROPN crl-16824 130 4 r. r. PROPN crl-16824 130 5 matthews matthews PROPN crl-16824 130 6 , , PUNCT crl-16824 130 7 library library NOUN crl-16824 130 8 assessment assessment NOUN crl-16824 130 9 in in ADP crl-16824 130 10 higher high ADJ crl-16824 130 11 education education NOUN crl-16824 130 12 , , PUNCT crl-16824 130 13 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 130 14 westport westport NOUN crl-16824 130 15 , , PUNCT crl-16824 130 16 ct ct VERB crl-16824 130 17 : : PUNCT crl-16824 130 18 greenwood greenwood PROPN crl-16824 130 19 , , PUNCT crl-16824 130 20 2007 2007 NUM crl-16824 130 21 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 130 22 . . PUNCT crl-16824 131 1 8 8 X crl-16824 131 2 . . X crl-16824 131 3 megan megan PROPN crl-16824 131 4 oakleaf oakleaf PROPN crl-16824 131 5 , , PUNCT crl-16824 131 6 value value NOUN crl-16824 131 7 of of ADP crl-16824 131 8 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 131 9 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 131 10 : : PUNCT crl-16824 131 11 a a DET crl-16824 131 12 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ crl-16824 131 13 research research NOUN crl-16824 131 14 review review NOUN crl-16824 131 15 and and CCONJ crl-16824 131 16 report report NOUN crl-16824 131 17 , , PUNCT crl-16824 131 18 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 131 19 chicago chicago PROPN crl-16824 131 20 , , PUNCT crl-16824 131 21 il il PROPN crl-16824 131 22 : : PUNCT crl-16824 131 23 association association PROPN crl-16824 131 24 of of ADP crl-16824 131 25 college college NOUN crl-16824 131 26 and and CCONJ crl-16824 131 27 research research NOUN crl-16824 131 28 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 131 29 , , PUNCT crl-16824 131 30 2010 2010 NUM crl-16824 131 31 ) ) PUNCT crl-16824 131 32 . . PUNCT crl-16824 132 1 9 9 X crl-16824 132 2 . . X crl-16824 132 3 bowles bowles PROPN crl-16824 132 4 - - PUNCT crl-16824 132 5 terry terry PROPN crl-16824 132 6 , , PUNCT crl-16824 132 7 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 132 8 library library NOUN crl-16824 132 9 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 132 10 and and CCONJ crl-16824 132 11 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 132 12 success success NOUN crl-16824 132 13 , , PUNCT crl-16824 132 14 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 132 15 88 88 NUM crl-16824 132 16 . . NUM crl-16824 132 17 10 10 NUM crl-16824 132 18 . . PUNCT crl-16824 132 19 wong wong NOUN crl-16824 132 20 and and CCONJ crl-16824 132 21 cmor cmor VERB crl-16824 132 22 , , PUNCT crl-16824 132 23 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 132 24 measuring measure VERB crl-16824 132 25 association association NOUN crl-16824 132 26 , , PUNCT crl-16824 132 27 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 132 28 470 470 NUM crl-16824 132 29 . . NUM crl-16824 132 30 11 11 NUM crl-16824 132 31 . . PUNCT crl-16824 133 1 felly felly ADV crl-16824 133 2 chiteng chiteng PROPN crl-16824 133 3 kot kot PROPN crl-16824 133 4 and and CCONJ crl-16824 133 5 jennifer jennifer PROPN crl-16824 133 6 l. l. PROPN crl-16824 133 7 jones jones PROPN crl-16824 133 8 , , PUNCT crl-16824 133 9 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 133 10 the the DET crl-16824 133 11 impact impact NOUN crl-16824 133 12 of of ADP crl-16824 133 13 library library NOUN crl-16824 133 14 resource resource NOUN crl-16824 133 15 utilization utilization NOUN crl-16824 133 16 on on ADP crl-16824 133 17 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ crl-16824 133 18 students student NOUN crl-16824 133 19 ’ ’ PART crl-16824 133 20 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 133 21 performance performance NOUN crl-16824 133 22 : : PUNCT crl-16824 133 23 a a DET crl-16824 133 24 propensity propensity NOUN crl-16824 133 25 score score NOUN crl-16824 133 26 matching matching NOUN crl-16824 133 27 design design NOUN crl-16824 133 28 , , PUNCT crl-16824 133 29 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 133 30 college college NOUN crl-16824 133 31 and and CCONJ crl-16824 133 32 research research NOUN crl-16824 133 33 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 133 34 76 76 NUM crl-16824 133 35 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 133 36 july july PROPN crl-16824 133 37 2015 2015 NUM crl-16824 133 38 ): ): PUNCT crl-16824 133 39 566 566 NUM crl-16824 133 40 - - SYM crl-16824 133 41 586 586 NUM crl-16824 133 42 , , PUNCT crl-16824 133 43 accessed access VERB crl-16824 133 44 april april PROPN crl-16824 133 45 21 21 NUM crl-16824 133 46 , , PUNCT crl-16824 133 47 2017 2017 NUM crl-16824 133 48 , , PUNCT crl-16824 133 49 doi doi PROPN crl-16824 133 50 : : PUNCT crl-16824 133 51 10.5860 10.5860 NUM crl-16824 133 52 / / SYM crl-16824 133 53 crl.76.5.566 crl.76.5.566 PROPN crl-16824 133 54 . . PROPN crl-16824 133 55 12 12 NUM crl-16824 133 56 . . PUNCT crl-16824 134 1 ibid ibid VERB crl-16824 134 2 . . PUNCT crl-16824 134 3 , , PUNCT crl-16824 134 4 573 573 NUM crl-16824 134 5 . . PUNCT crl-16824 135 1 13 13 NUM crl-16824 135 2 . . PUNCT crl-16824 136 1 soria soria PROPN crl-16824 136 2 , , PUNCT crl-16824 136 3 fransen fransen NOUN crl-16824 136 4 , , PUNCT crl-16824 136 5 and and CCONJ crl-16824 136 6 nackerud nackerud PROPN crl-16824 136 7 , , PUNCT crl-16824 136 8 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 136 9 library library NOUN crl-16824 136 10 use use NOUN crl-16824 136 11 and and CCONJ crl-16824 136 12 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ crl-16824 136 13 student student NOUN crl-16824 136 14 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-16824 136 15 . . PUNCT crl-16824 136 16 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 137 1 14 14 NUM crl-16824 137 2 . . PUNCT crl-16824 138 1 ibid ibid PROPN crl-16824 138 2 . . PUNCT crl-16824 138 3 , , PUNCT crl-16824 138 4 155 155 NUM crl-16824 138 5 . . NUM crl-16824 139 1 15 15 NUM crl-16824 139 2 . . X crl-16824 140 1 ibid ibid PROPN crl-16824 140 2 . . PUNCT crl-16824 140 3 , , PUNCT crl-16824 140 4 160 160 NUM crl-16824 140 5 - - SYM crl-16824 140 6 161 161 NUM crl-16824 140 7 . . PUNCT crl-16824 141 1 16 16 NUM crl-16824 141 2 . . PUNCT crl-16824 142 1 deeann deeann PROPN crl-16824 142 2 allison allison PROPN crl-16824 142 3 , , PUNCT crl-16824 142 4 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 142 5 measuring measure VERB crl-16824 142 6 the the DET crl-16824 142 7 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 142 8 impact impact NOUN crl-16824 142 9 of of ADP crl-16824 142 10 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 142 11 , , PUNCT crl-16824 142 12 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 142 13 portal portal ADJ crl-16824 142 14 : : PUNCT crl-16824 142 15 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 142 16 and and CCONJ crl-16824 142 17 the the DET crl-16824 142 18 academy academy NOUN crl-16824 142 19 15 15 NUM crl-16824 142 20 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 142 21 jan jan PROPN crl-16824 142 22 . . PROPN crl-16824 142 23 2015 2015 NUM crl-16824 142 24 ): ): PUNCT crl-16824 142 25 29 29 NUM crl-16824 142 26 - - SYM crl-16824 142 27 40 40 NUM crl-16824 142 28 , , PUNCT crl-16824 142 29 accessed access VERB crl-16824 142 30 april april PROPN crl-16824 142 31 21 21 NUM crl-16824 142 32 , , PUNCT crl-16824 142 33 2017 2017 NUM crl-16824 142 34 , , PUNCT crl-16824 142 35 doi doi PROPN crl-16824 142 36 : : PUNCT crl-16824 142 37 10.1353 10.1353 NUM crl-16824 142 38 / / SYM crl-16824 142 39 pla.2015.0001 pla.2015.0001 NUM crl-16824 142 40 . . PUNCT crl-16824 143 1 17 17 NUM crl-16824 143 2 . . PUNCT crl-16824 144 1 ibid ibid PROPN crl-16824 144 2 . . PUNCT crl-16824 144 3 , , PUNCT crl-16824 144 4 37 37 NUM crl-16824 144 5 , , PUNCT crl-16824 144 6 emphasis emphasis NOUN crl-16824 144 7 added add VERB crl-16824 144 8 . . PUNCT crl-16824 145 1 18 18 NUM crl-16824 145 2 . . X crl-16824 145 3 wong wong PROPN crl-16824 145 4 & & CCONJ crl-16824 145 5 cmor cmor VERB crl-16824 145 6 , , PUNCT crl-16824 145 7 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 145 8 measuring measure VERB crl-16824 145 9 association association NOUN crl-16824 145 10 , , PUNCT crl-16824 145 11 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 145 12 469 469 NUM crl-16824 145 13 . . NUM crl-16824 146 1 19 19 NUM crl-16824 146 2 . . PUNCT crl-16824 146 3 shun shun PROPN crl-16824 146 4 han han PROPN crl-16824 146 5 rebekah rebekah PROPN crl-16824 146 6 wong wong PROPN crl-16824 146 7 and and CCONJ crl-16824 146 8 t. t. PROPN crl-16824 146 9 d. d. PROPN crl-16824 146 10 webb webb PROPN crl-16824 146 11 , , PUNCT crl-16824 146 12 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 146 13 uncovering uncover VERB crl-16824 146 14 meaningful meaningful ADJ crl-16824 146 15 correlation correlation NOUN crl-16824 146 16 between between ADP crl-16824 146 17 student student NOUN crl-16824 146 18 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 146 19 performance performance NOUN crl-16824 146 20 and and CCONJ crl-16824 146 21 library library NOUN crl-16824 146 22 material material NOUN crl-16824 146 23 usage usage NOUN crl-16824 146 24 , , PUNCT crl-16824 146 25 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 146 26 college college NOUN crl-16824 146 27 and and CCONJ crl-16824 146 28 research research NOUN crl-16824 146 29 libraries library NOUN crl-16824 146 30 72 72 NUM crl-16824 146 31 ( ( PUNCT crl-16824 146 32 july july PROPN crl-16824 146 33 2011 2011 NUM crl-16824 146 34 ): ): PUNCT crl-16824 146 35 364 364 NUM crl-16824 146 36 , , PUNCT crl-16824 146 37 accessed access VERB crl-16824 146 38 april april PROPN crl-16824 146 39 21 21 NUM crl-16824 146 40 , , PUNCT crl-16824 146 41 2017 2017 NUM crl-16824 146 42 , , PUNCT crl-16824 146 43 doi doi PROPN crl-16824 146 44 : : PUNCT crl-16824 146 45 10.5860 10.5860 NUM crl-16824 146 46 / / SYM crl-16824 146 47 crl-129 crl-129 NOUN crl-16824 146 48 . . PUNCT crl-16824 147 1 20 20 NUM crl-16824 147 2     SPACE crl-16824 147 3 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 147 4 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ crl-16824 147 5 graduation graduation NOUN crl-16824 147 6 rates rate NOUN crl-16824 147 7 , , PUNCT crl-16824 147 8 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 147 9 fact fact NOUN crl-16824 147 10 book book NOUN crl-16824 147 11 , , PUNCT crl-16824 147 12 saint saint PROPN crl-16824 147 13 mary mary PROPN crl-16824 147 14 ’s ’s PART crl-16824 147 15 college college PROPN crl-16824 147 16 , , PUNCT crl-16824 147 17 notre notre PROPN crl-16824 147 18 dame dame PROPN crl-16824 147 19 , , PUNCT crl-16824 147 20 indiana indiana PROPN crl-16824 147 21 , , PUNCT crl-16824 147 22 accessed access VERB crl-16824 147 23 october october PROPN crl-16824 147 24 10 10 NUM crl-16824 147 25 , , PUNCT crl-16824 147 26 2017 2017 NUM crl-16824 147 27 , , PUNCT crl-16824 147 28 https://www.saintmarys.edu/files/2016/10/pg33-undergradgraduationrates2016.pdf https://www.saintmarys.edu/files/2016/10/pg33-undergradgraduationrates2016.pdf NUM crl-16824 147 29 . . PUNCT crl-16824 147 30 21 21 NUM crl-16824 147 31 . . PUNCT crl-16824 148 1 bowles bowles PROPN crl-16824 148 2 - - PUNCT crl-16824 148 3 terry terry PROPN crl-16824 148 4 , , PUNCT crl-16824 148 5 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 148 6 library library NOUN crl-16824 148 7 instruction instruction NOUN crl-16824 148 8 and and CCONJ crl-16824 148 9 academic academic ADJ crl-16824 148 10 success success NOUN crl-16824 148 11 , , PUNCT crl-16824 148 12 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 148 13 86 86 NUM crl-16824 148 14 ; ; PUNCT crl-16824 148 15 soria soria PROPN crl-16824 148 16 , , PUNCT crl-16824 148 17 fransen fransen NOUN crl-16824 148 18 , , PUNCT crl-16824 148 19 and and CCONJ crl-16824 148 20 nackerud nackerud PROPN crl-16824 148 21 , , PUNCT crl-16824 148 22 “ " PUNCT crl-16824 148 23 library library NOUN crl-16824 148 24 use use NOUN crl-16824 148 25 and and CCONJ crl-16824 148 26 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ crl-16824 148 27 student student NOUN crl-16824 148 28 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-16824 148 29 , , PUNCT crl-16824 148 30 ” " PUNCT crl-16824 148 31 162 162 NUM crl-16824 148 32 . . PUNCT crl-16824 149 1 http://www.acrl.ala.org/value http://www.acrl.ala.org/value PROPN crl-16824 149 2 https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2013.0010 https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2013.0010 PROPN crl-16824 149 3 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-151 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-151 PROPN crl-16824 149 4 https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.34.2.215 https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.34.2.215 PROPN crl-16824 149 5 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.76.5.566 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.76.5.566 X crl-16824 149 6 https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2015.0001 https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2015.0001 VERB crl-16824 149 7 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-129 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-129 NUM crl-16824 149 8 https://www.saintmarys.edu/files/2016/10/pg33-undergradgraduationrates2016.pdf https://www.saintmarys.edu/files/2016/10/pg33-undergradgraduationrates2016.pdf NOUN crl-16824 149 9 https://www.saintmarys.edu/files/2016/10/pg33-undergradgraduationrates2016.pdf https://www.saintmarys.edu/files/2016/10/pg33-undergradgraduationrates2016.pdf NUM