College and Research Libraries freedom for achievement. By using illustra- tions from real life (the author has par- ticipated in the analysis of many actual cases in business administration and served as con- sultant to forty-five companies and trade groups), Mr. Copeland has provided a frame- work which is characterized by practical ap- plication. Librarians will recognize the administrator who hesitates to make decisions. As Cope- land observes: One of the keys to effective organiza- tion is the avoidance or elimination of administrative bottlenecks, a fact well illustrated in this wartime expansion of the American aircraft industry. Any en- terprise becomes paralyzed if there are persistently long or chronically occurring delays in the making of executive deci- sions. Such delays in executive decisions cause wasteful interruptions of operations and jeopardize the spirit of teamwork . Oftentimes, furthermore, it is less impor- tant that the decision be made the best possible decision than that som e decision be made. Usually it is easier to correct a mistake than it is to regain lost momen- tum. The author clearly points out that it is not always easy for some persons to make deci- sions. They do not belong in executive posi- tions. Similarly, the librarian who, like other administrators , does not delegate responsibil- ity and authority to proper assistants, fails to keep informed of developments in his field, hesitates to take risks or to introduce new procedures or equipment, or lacks knowledge of how to maintain morale, will not succeed as an executive. There are many sections in this work, such as keeping the wheels turning (getting things done) and extracurricular activities, which will provide food for thQught for library ad- ministrators. Many statements could be easily paraphrased to fit librarians.-M aurice F. Tauber> Columbia Univ ersity. Anonyma and Pseudonyma The Bibliographical History of Anonyma and Pseudonyma. By Archer Taylor & Fred- eric J. Mosher. Chicago, University of Chi- cago Press, 1951. IX, 289 p. $12.50. It is a pleasure to read and to review a APRILJ 1952 book whose authors have met high standards of accuracy and erudition. The work under review is not only an important contribution to the history of bibliography but also a ref- erence tool of great usefulness. It is valuable for the bibliographer who must be familiar with the development and theory of his dis- cipline and profitable for the cataloger or reference librarian who has to solve the riddle of an anonymous or pseudonymous author entry. The first three chapters have introductory value only. They treat I) homonyms, 2) latin- ized names, and 3) pseudepigrapha in a well written summary, but do not appreciably add to our knowledge of the subject. The schol- arly core of the book is chapter 4 which delineates most lucidly the development of bibliographical control of anonymous and pseudonymous publications. Especially, the history of the international bibliographies cul- minating in Placcius' Th eatrum is a mine of wealth of little known or hitherto overlooked but relevant facts which are woven together in a brilliant picture of bibliographical de- velopment. The distinction between "N a- tiona! Dictionaries" and "Other Lists" is a clear one as originally conceived by the two authors but in the actual writing of the chap- ter the demarcation line was not always clearly kept. Chapter 5 "Confusing Titles and Fictitious Facts of Publication" is not quite as satisfac- tory as the preceding one. I grant that the bibliographical control of this particular aspect of publishing history is still scanty but not all known facts were brought out. For instance, it is incorrect to state that "fictitious places of publications have been known since the sixteenth century." Similar incidents oc- curred in the fifteenth century. The best known example is that of Scinzenzeler in Milan, who published several books with the fictitious imprint "Venice," probably in order to cash in on the superior reputation of the Venetian printers. (Konrad Haebler, Die deutschen Buchdrucker d es XV. 1 ahrhun- derts im AuslandJ Munchen, 1924 p. 53-54). To the listing of "Confusing titles" should be added: Archibald Sparke "Duplicate titles of novels" Library 1 ournal 47, 1922, 73 -74 (pre- viously published in Publish er/ Circular). The book closes with the bibliography proper, the value of which is still increased 173 by three carefully worked indices. It is a most impressive list which carries all the ear- marks of completeness. Undoubtedly minor additions will be brought to the attention of the compilers from time to time but I do not believe they have overlooked any contribution of importance. Just for the sake of complete- ness I would like to suggest the inclusion of two titles. (Duduit de Maizieres) Les Muses Fran- r;oises. Premiere Partie, contenan~ un tableau universal par alphabet & numero de T.heatres de France, avec [es noms de leurs auteurs & de toutes les pieces anonimes de ces Theatres, de puis les Misteres jusqu' en t annee 1764. Paris, Duchene, 1764. pp. 241 (Cornell Uni- versity) (A mere listing of anonymous pieces). Grienwaldt, Franciscus Josephus. A !bum Bavariae I atricae seu catalogus celebrio'rum aliquot medicorum, qui suis in Bavaria scriptis medicinam · exornarunt ... Munich, Riedlin. 1733. 148 p. (Army Medical Library, Cleve- land) (Gives after the latinized name the German name in parenthesis, no index, rather unsatisfactory). Taylor and Mosher did not intend to ex- haust the fascinating subject of fictitious names in literature. Further studies in this field may well · concentrate on the following aspects. I) Classic literature, following Clift's re- search (Evelyn Clift, Latin pseudepigraphia) a Study in Literary Attributions. Baltimore, 1945) 2) Livres a clef, utilizing Schneider's prominent investigations which were pub- lished just a couple of months ago (Georg Schneider, Die Schliisselliteratur. Band I. Stuttgart, 1951) 3) The development of the hereditary family name. The conception "pseudonym" presup- poses that the person had another real name. But as long as the family name was preceded by the word "dictus" and was legally defined as "the passive acceptance of a neighbor's in- vention" one cannot call it a pseudonym in the modern sense of the. word. As late as r628 the English jurist Edward Coke ruled, that a man can have "divers surnames." The first restriction of the personal right to change one's name was imposed by Louis XI of France in 1474. This regulation applied to nobility only and had to be repeated fre- quently in the following centuries. From the last years of the seventeenth century on (Bavaria 1677) most European countries ac- cepted the family name as hereditary right and obligation which could be changed only by "administrative grace" and after showing valid reasons. The last country to accept the legal connotation of the family name was Turkey ( 1935). Both in England and in America the change of name is comparatively easy. Taylor and Mosher have mentioned several instances of the interesting development of the "name" but they have failed to summarize it and to integrate it into their topic. A com- prehension of the bibliographical connotation of the "name" is imperative for an under- standing of the development of the title page and of the author entry in general. These few critical comments are in no way intended to depreciate this excellent book. The Bibliographical History of Anonyma and Pseudonyma is a must for every scholarly li- brarian.-Felix Reichmann, Cornell University Library. Library 1n College Instruction The Library in College Instruction . ... By Louis Round Wilson, Mildred Hawks- worth Lowell, and Sarah Rebecca Reed. New York, The H. W. Wilson Company, 1951. 347 p. $3·75· The Library in College Instruction by Louis Round Wilson, Mildred Hawks- worth Lowell, and Sarah Rebecca Reed recognizes the central role of the instructor in the effective utilization of the college li- brary. Subtitled "A Syllabus on the Im- provement of College Instruction through Li- brary Use" this volume "is intended for the prospective college teacher or teacher in serv- ice and is designed to assist him in utilizing more effectively library materials and services that are essential in present-day teaching at the undergraduate level." (p. 4) The authors stress the fact that this sylla- bus is in no sense a course in library admini- stration for teachers-nor is it a manual for the preparation of college or university li- brarians. The volume is particularly planned for use in graduate schools either as a sepa- rate course or as part of a course in which students are preparing for teaching. It can 174 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES