College and Research Libraries 418 I College & Research Libraries • September 1975 ary and stylistic qualities of this volume, it seems more important to synthesize the chapters in the review. Volume nine is divided into four broad categories: ( 1) Planning Information Sys- tems and Services, (2) Basic Techniques and Tools, ( 3) Applications, and ( 4) The Profession. There are individual chapters dealing with the most important develop- ments during 1973 in each of these cate- gories. Since the chapter contributors ·are eminent in the field, the chapters are filled with the most recent research and applica- tions in the categories. In the section on "Planning Information Systems and Services," there are three chapters: one which reviews the literature of information systems, one which deals with the importance of the user's needs in information system design and evaluation, and one which focuses on the "economics of information." The second and shortest section, "Basic Techniques and Tools," consists of Jessica L. Harris' chapter on "Document Descrip- tion and Representation." This chapter is extremely helpful in sorting out the most significant elements of the move toward standardization of bibliographic data. ISBD (S) and (M), NSDP, MARC, RECON, and SUPERMARC are explained very well, with their interrelationships, complexities, and ambiguities superbly demonstrated. It is this chapter, I feel, that leads to the most optimism about the new trends in informa- tion science, for it is in the area of stan- dardization of bibliographic data that real progress can be demonstrated. The section on "Applications" is the larg- est and represents the area of greatest ac- tivity in 1973. An overview of the state of the automation art is followed by status re- ports on the many emerging information networks. In another chapter, the "Use of Machine-Readable Data Bases" is examined carefully by Martha E. Williams. (As an aside, I must say that I found Ms. Williams' list, data bases-p.224-230, one of the most helpful sections of the book because it brings together all kinds of data bases in one list.) In the section's last chapter, there is a review of the literature relating to "Document Retrieval Systems and Tech- niques." The final section, entitled "The Profes- sion," focuses on two topics: "The Manage- ment of Libraries and Information Centers" and "The Copyright Issue." Michael Buck- land notes that 1973 is the year the Man- agement Review and Analysis Program was launched by ARL' s Office of Management Studies. Also, Buckland demonstrates that management is receiving increasingly great- er attention as evidenced by the number of projects that have been undertaken by . many libraries. Perhaps the most interesting article in ARIST is "The Copyright Issue" by Joseph J. Beard. It is the first time that this issue has been addressed in the Annual Review and it is noteworthy that the Williams and Wilkins case has stirred such interest pri- marily because of the consequences it could have on networks. At the time of the article the Supreme Court had not ruled on the case, but, in light of their rather neutral decision, Mr. Beard's proposed solution through an economic process is a most provocative idea. In summary, this book is well written, and the information contained in it is inval- uable. The purchase of this ninth volume of ARIST is highly recommended for li- braries and for librarians who want to keep abreast of developments in information sci- ence :-Deanna Hudson Marcum, Director of Research and Development, ] oint U ni- versity Libraries, Nashville, Tennessee. Thomassen, Cora E., ed. CATV and Its Implications for Libraries: Proceedings of a Conference Sponsored by the Illi- nois State Library and U.niversity of filinois Graduate School of Library Science and University of filinois Office of Continuing Education and Public Service. (Allerton Park Institute, Num- ber 19) Urbana-Champaign, Ill.: Uni- versity of Illinois Graduate School of Li- brary Science, 1974. 91p. $6.00 (LC 74-620101) (ISBN 0-87845-040-8) Anderson, LeMoyne W., ed. Networks and the University Library: Proceedings of an Institute Presented by the Universi- ty Libraries Secti()lfl,, Association of College and Research Libraries, at Las Vegas, Nevada, June 21, 22 & 23, 1973. Chicago, Ill.: Association of College and Research Libraries, 197 4. 90p. These publications constitute the pro- ceedings of two conferences dealing with the external interactions of libraries: the first discussing roles for libraries in linking into cable television systems, and the sec- ond dealing with the development of for- mal organizational structures, or networks, for library interaction. Both publications in- clude papers on advances in electronic me- dia and telecommunication and what li- braries are doing and might further do with these capabilities. Hut because libraries can, it does not follow that they should-what- ever the capability. In both of these collections, the more perceptive and useful papers are those which go beyond blue-sky speculation or descriptions of projects to focus on whether or why libraries should move in the direc- tions charted instead of merely how. The Conference on CATV and its Impli- cations for Libraries was itself videotaped and cablecast through the conference cen- ter while in progress, as Cora Thomassen notes in the introduction. It is, however, this printed volume which "broadcasts" the proceedings. As to the future of cable tele- vision for education and libraries, Donald Mullally expresses guarded optimism in his paper on "Libraries and CATV: Some Hopes and Fears." . . . Frankly, I am quite hopeful that CATV will have a profound effect upon education and a very positive effect upon society as a whole, although that attitude may sound too optimistic. ( p.5) Mullally traces some lessons from history, which do not support even guarded op- timism. In the early 1920's David Sarnoff and Lee Deforest predicted that radio would bring education and culture into every home. In general, radio has not lived up to this expectation .... Having failed with radio, there were in the 1940's predictions that television would cure our educational ills, but it has not. Dozens of experiments with edu- cational television have come to almost nothing, despite millions of dollars of sup- port. Public television, a somewhat differ- ent concept, will probably come to al- most nothing. ( p.5) Mullally goes on to argue, not convinc- Recent Publications I 419 ingly to this reviewer, that "there is a great difference" promising greater success for cable television-which has unlimited chan- nel capacity and does not depend on mass advertising. James Keller provides some facts and opinions relating to commercial cable de- velopments and franchises. Brigitte Kenny reports on applications of cable television which she observed in an investigative trip across the country, and Lawrence Katz pro- vides a blue-sky look at "Potentials of In- teractive Cable Television," together with a "Hypothetical Scenario of the Use of In- teractive Television by One Family," which is more the stuff of the throwaway Sunday supplement. Ken Dowlin, Roberto Esteves, and Bob- by Mariano describe public cable television applications. Russell Shank concludes the volume, identifying "CATV and Libraries: Issues and Challenges." Shank cites chal- lenges to institutional change which must underlie technological change. One quotation from Mullally remains with this reviewer: . . . do not be impressed with technology for its own sake. Before you commit your- self to a new technology, be sure that it will really do a better job than one of the other technologies available, or that it makes it possible to do a job you should really be doing. ( p.ll) The volume, Networks and the Univer- sity Library, reports the papers presented at the 1973 American Library Association Pre-Conference. Maryann Duggan began by providing some useful definition and requisite conditions. Brigitte Kenny shares some purposes for which networks are or- ganized. Frederick Kilgour provided facts and figures on OCLC, and A. H. Epstein gives similar details on Stanford's BALLOTS sys- tem. Alice Wilcox describes operations of the MINITEX network in Minnesota, Don- ald Davidson outlines the multitype TIE cooperative in California, and John Berthel provides information on the MARLIN net- work for the Middle Atlantic States. These four reports have a certain journalistic, de- scriptive quality, which limits their useful- ness. They are already inaccurate with the passage of time. While useful as discussions 420 I College & Research Libraries • September 1975 at the conference, their preservation in this volume is less valuable. Of more lasting interest are papers which probe· to the underlying issues. Jean L. Connor clearly identifies ten factors of net- work success, while Michael M. Reynolds explores similar issues, but gets lost in wordiness: Efforts to promote cooperation should con- tinue because of the social value for li- braries, regardless of the operant facts, since the consequences of the idea of co- operation not being present will be det- rimental to the library as an institution and as an organization, and will inhibit the possibilities for developing other al- ternatives to achieve professionally de- sirable goals-goals which frequently do not lend themselves easily to operational definitions. ( p.51) Wallace Olsen and Hugh Atkinson pro- vide perceptive papers on constraints in- fluencing network development. As Atkin- son states: "Constraints are not to be con- strued as reasons to avoid networks, but really parameters within which networks exist." (p.57) Paxton Price looks at some state plans re- lating to networks, and Gordon Williams examines national plans. Williams proceeds beyond . descriptions to critically examine the assumptions in network planning. Finally, Glyn T. Evans, charged with discussing "Networks: The Future," es- chews more of the blue-sky and instead focuses on the prime and more difficult question: What do we want to become? Both publications reflect quick and in- adequately edited transcripts from tapes: a reference to "Urbana-Champagne" (p.30) in the CATV volume, and a citation in the "Networks" report to a paper by Donald Urquhart, director of the National Lending Library in Great Britian, "A National Loan Policy for Syrians" (p.80). Both reports contain some worthwhile and perceptive papers, and provide useful overviews of topics of current interest.- John W. Aubry, Coordinator of Library Systems, Five Associated University Librar- ies, Syracuse, New York. Wilson , T. D., and Marsterson, W. A. J. Local Library Cooperation: Final Re- port on a Project Funded by the De- partment of Educa.~ & Science. ( Oc .. ·casional Publications Series No. 4) Shef- field: University of Sheffield, Postgradu- ate School of Librarianship and Informa- tion Science, 1974. 2 vol. (v.1: 223p. [text]; v.2: 3 microfiche [additional ta- bles and exhibits]) £3.50 (ISBN 0- 903522-01-2) Wilson and Marsterson, with a grant from the British government's Department of Education and Science, explored cooper- ative projects whereby six Sheffield libraries might increase the availability of their li- brary resources to user groups in higher ed- ucation. The study included libraries of the university, ·the polytechnic, the city, the University Institute of Education, the City College of Education, and the Totley/ Thornbridge College of Education. The principal report is printed in volume one. Volume two consists of three micro- fiche inserted in a pocket inside the back cover of volume one. Over 100 statistical tables and charts compare such variants as resources, expenditures, users,, services, and staff. The rep01t is numbered and subnum- bered for easy reference, although scarcely for smooth reading. Nevertheless, the au- thors occasionally included unrelated in- formation in a paragraph; for example, on page 75 in paragraph 5.5 headed "Cata- loguing and Classification" the last two sen- tences deal with charging systems. The authors found library cooperation in Sheffield rather limited. The study sug- gested improved communication links both between librarians and between librarians and patrons in regard to the resources avail- able in the Sheffield libraries. The authors recommended a more in-depth study of a cooperative transport system to facilitate interlibrary loan service; a complete union list of periodicals; coordination of nonbook resources; cooperative cataloging and ac- quisitions systems; and cooperative pur- chase and use of computer data bases. Two suggestions beg implementation-including patrons of other libraries in the orientation program of each library and providing fa- miliarization training sessions for staff mem- bers at other libraries. This study should be read by librarians interested in either cooperative library proj-