College and Research Libraries I f Recent Publications COLLEGE & RESEARCH LIBRARIES Opportunities for Minorities in Librarianship, reviewed by Jessie Carney Smith . . . . . 135 Personnel Development in Libraries, reviewed by Peter Dollard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Levine, Jamie J., and Logan, Timothy. On-Line Resource Sharing: A Comparison of BALWTS and OCLC, re"\liewed by Richard J. Talbot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 User Studies: An Introductory Guide and Select Bibliography, reviewed by Herbert S. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Allen, Thomas J. Managing the Flow of Technology, reviewed by Estelle Brodman . . . 139 Birmingham Libraries Co-operative Mechanisation Project. Final Report, reviewed by Eleanor Montague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Bibliotheek en documentatie, reviewed by Hendrik Edelman . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 On-Line Bibliographic Services-Where We Are, Where We're Going, reviewed by Sara D. Knapp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Japan-U .S. Conference on Libraries and Information Science in Higher Education, 3d. Japanese and U.S . Research Libraries at the Turning Point , reviewed by Everett T. Moore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Cutter, Charles Ammi. Charles Ammi Cutter; Library Systematizer , reviewed by Helen W. Tuttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Scholz, William H. "Computer-based Circulation Systems," reviewed by Edmond A. Menegaux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Dranov, Paula. Automated Library Circulation Systems, 1977-78, reviewed by Ed- mond A. Menegaux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Schlachter, Gail Ann, with Belli, Donna. Minorities and Women, reviewed by Sherrie S. Bergman ... -... . .... . ... . ... .. .. . . . .. ................... .... .......... . 147 McKee, Kathleen Burke. Women's Studies , reviewed by SherrieS. Bergman . . . . . . . . 147 Garfield, Eugene . Essays of an Information Scientist, reviewed by Charles H . Stevens Multitype Library Cooperation , reviewed by Mary A. McKenzie . ...... .. . ... .. .. . 148 150 Thompson , James. A History of the Principles of Librarianship, reviewed by George S. Bobinski . ........ . ..... . .... ... . .. ............... .... . ... . ... ......... . . 151 151 Library Budgeting: Critical Challenges for the Future , reviewed by Albert F. Maag .. Srikantaiah, Taverekere, and Hoffman, Herbert H. An Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods for Librarians, 2d ed. , reviewed by Perry D. Morrison ....... . 153 154 155 156 158 159 164 Busha, Charles H., ed. An Intellectual Freedom Primer, reviewed by Martha Boaz .. . Studies in Micropublishing, 1853-1976, reviewed by Joseph Z. Nitecki . .... ....... . Blumenthal, Joseph . The Printed Book in America, reviewed by Howard W. Winger . Coping with Cuts, reviewed by Albert F. Maag ................................ . Abstracts ...... . ... . . .................. ... . . ..... .. ........ .. .............. . Other Publications of Interest to Academic Librarians .... . ......... .... . .. ...... . BOOK REVIEWS Opportunities for Minorities in Librar- ianship. Edited, with an introduction, by E. J. Josey and Kenneth E. Peeples, Jr . Metuchen, N. J.: Scarecrow, 1977. 201p. $8.00. LC 77-375. ISBN 0-8108-1022-0. The editors of this career-oriented volume saw a need to focus on inequalities in the nation's employment by addressing the underrepresentation of minorities in the li- brary profession. Their · work shows early that, at the training level, what is true in the library profession is also true in other disciplines, as the National Board on Grad- uate Education found in its study Minority Group Participation in Graduate Education (Washington, D.C., 1976). The report illus- trates the nation's failure to ensure equality of eduation and job opportunity for minority men and women, as supported by the fact that such groups represent a small fraction of graduate enrollment. It further points to the need for improved participation of minorities in the nation's graduate pro- grams. I 135 136 I College & Research Libraries • March 1978 Josey and Peeples argue that, in recent years, minority librarians have considered and/or utilized new strategies and ap- proaches to recruit their members into li- brarianship and regard this small volume as a tool for achieving this end. By admission, the book is geared to young minority group members, who, unlike other young people who choose careers as a result of neighbor- hood models, have few models to influence them in their career choices. Thus Oppor- tunities for Minorities in Librarianship aims to "stimulate their thinking to consider a career in this field." In addition, the editors look upon the work as a useful tool for li- brarians, counselors, and other educators to introduce librarianship to their students and as a guide to introduce specific or narrow aspects of librarianship to library school stu- dents or others investigating a career in li- brarianship. This collection of twenty-two essays is ar- ranged in six parts and almost equally di- vided under topics on Native Americans, Chicanos, Afro-Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Asian Americans and librarianship and minority library specialists. With one excep- tion, the authors are themselves members of those minority groups discussed in the essays. Some seize this opportunity to write about their experiences as librarians; others aim to introduce the profession to members of their minority group, and all aim to serve as a source of inspiration for the uninspired. With the exception of the Afro-American writers, the authors point out the market- able skill of the minorities included in these essays and the advantage they have over many other Americans because of their much needed bilingual and bicultural back- ground. The common threads running through the essays are the underrepresenta- tion of that particular minority group in the library profession and the demand for minority librarians, particularly in the larger cities as well as in those cities that contain large numbers of Native Americans, Chicanos, Puerto Ricans , and Asian Ameri- cans. The authors argue that minority librar- ians ar·e vital to their communities; for example, the Native American librarian is needed on the reservation to communicate with its residents, or the Chicano librarian is needed to communicate with the Spanish-speaking barrios. All groups argue that their members are naturals to fill posi- tions in certain areas or communities be- cause they can relate much more closely to the needs and interests of their minority members. As a recruiting mechanism, one or more essays under a particular ethnic heading de- scribes the potential job market for the minority group, the duties by type of job, and sources of scholarships. Too often, how- ever, there is an overlap on certain points, such as in sources of scholarships and ALA's minority recruiting programs. The relatively short supply of minority li- brarians has also been attributed to the ab- sence of visible role models that minority librarians may wish to emulate. As example, for the Mro-American, Patricia Quarterman finds no Pam Grier and 0. J. Simpson types among the profession. It would seen, how- ever, that librarianship might need to seek other strategies for attracting minority members to the profession, especially since librarianship never has been or may never be sensational. Even with this caveat, how- ever, only one essayist, Charles Townley, gives the reader names of minority librar- ians and describes their contributions to the profession. For minority librarians, C. K. Huang ef- fectively summarizes the problems minority groups still face by asserting that such groups continue to live "in a joint situation of frustration and aspiration." But some problems seem special to one or two of the groups. According to Huang, the problem is compounded for the Asian American librar- ian because of inappropriate educational background and because the Asian Ameri- can, who is the Chinese, the Japanese, the Filipino , and others, is a small minority composed of many nationalities and races within themselves. Unlike other minority groups, they never can be organized as "one." On the other hand, Native Ameri- cans recognize their crucial plight, as illus- trated by the fact that fewer than ten Native Americans were working as professional li- brarians in academic libraries at the time the article was prepared. A serious weak- ness of the work, however, is the conspicu- ous absence of the Cuban American librar- ian, who faces essentially the same prob- ' lems as those groups who are included in the work. In this much needed work, the level of readability is uneven; some of the essays are much more scholarly and others much more popularly written. This approach helps to mold the work into its purpose-to attract the nation's young early and to guide the more mature student into career choices. Even so, the problems of these groups are much more easily enumerated than the so- lutions. The work should still serve its pur- pose well and indeed should .go a long way toward encouraging minority groups to enter the profession and to stimulate the na- tion to commit itself to ensure equality of education and job opportunities for all minorities and to honor that commitment. While necessary and well intended, the few federal and other institutional efforts in- itiated to counteract this problem have been too meager, too restrictive, too tempo- rary.-Jessie Carney Smith, University Li- brarian and Federal Relations Officer, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee. Personnel Development in Libraries. Edited by R. Kay Maloney. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Symposium Sponsored by the Alumni and the Faculty of the Rutgers University Graduate School of Library Service. Issues in Library and In- formation Sciences, no . 3. New Brunswick, N.J. : Bureau of Library and Information Science Research, Rutgers University Graduate School of Library Service, 1976. 115p. $6. LC 77-5023. ISBN 0-8135-0843-6. (Distributed by Rutgers University Press.) This volume constitutes the proceedings of the thirteenth annual Rutgers GSLS Alumni/Faculty Symposium, which was held in April 1975. It includes an introduction by the editor, three papers, a discussion sec- tion, and a selected annotated bibliography. The discussion section-about a sixth of the book-should have been left out. It is marred by typos (management's "bag of tracks"!), and the discussion groups too often wound up discussing tangential issues. At times, the groups seem to have missed the speakers' points altogether. The bibli- ography seems adequate, though its 102 an- notations might have been briefer and more informative, and it might have focused less narrowly on 1970-1975. Recent Publications I 137 The three papers themselves make a total of only forty-four pages. For those not abreast with the current literature, Jeffrey Gardner's paper could be useful. Gardner reviews the inadequacy of salary increments as a motivating device, then describes two "new" approaches: peer review and perfor- mance goals. Myrl Ricking's paper suggests that "task analysis" might help "define, at long last, what the profession of librarian really is." Unfortunately, as Ricking points out, her paper provides little practical ad- vice, since task analysis is "exacting . . . ir- ritatingly detailed ... imd very expensive." Paul Strauss' paper is the most interesting of the three. He makes the point that job enrichment and career ladder programs fre- quently fail because they do not recognize that many workers prefer externally im- posed work-structures while other workers reject such externally imposed structures. His distinction between "structure abetted" and "structure threatened" individuals is useful as still another means of sorting out the · difference between professional and nonprofessional tasks. The "personnel" referred to in the book's title are actually professional librarians rather than library employees in general. The personnel methods described are more appropriate for a large library than for a small one. Peer review, for example, takes place on a collegewide basis rather than in- house in a small institution. The book's focus is therefore much more narrow than its title implies, while the · book's brevity in itself restricts its usefulness. The application of modern personnel techniques to libraries is probably for the good, especially when those techniques en- hance the likelihood that librarians will be able to maintain and develop their prof~s­ sional skills. However, this particular volume lends little to the dialogue.-Peter Dollard, Alma College Library, Alma, Michigan. Levine, Jamie J., and Logan, Timothy. On-Line ·Resource Sharing: A Comparison of BALLOTS and OCLC. A Guide for Library Administrators. San Jose, Calif.: California Library Authority for Systems and Services (CLASS), 1977. 121p. $5. (Available from California Library Author-