College and Research Libraries 66 I College & Research Libraries • january 1979 suit of the federal connection was intensified by creation of a Washington office in 1945. Divisional dissatisfaction resurfaced after the war when the Association of College and Research Libraries made forceful demands for more autonomy and improved financial support. By 1948, many in ALA were res- tive over Milam's long tenure and some- times autocratic leadership. Milam's exit was undoubtedly influenced by a committee report, which criticized the association's centralized approach and lax financial man- agement. With varying degrees of courage, ALA faced threats emanating from the virulent anti-intellectualism of the McCarthy era. Loyalty oaths, book labeling, and censorship of library materials in overseas libraries were condemned. In 1953, the eloquent Freedom to Read Statement was adopted, an expression that still guides the associa- tion's commitment to intellectual freedom. Following a decade of struggle, federal aid to libraries became a reality with pas- sage of the Library Services Act in 1956. A cascade of federal library programs, all en- dorsed by ALA, were soon to come. Fur- ther democratization of the association was recommended by a management consulting firm in 1955. More divisions were created, and the Council assumed more policy- making prerogatives. The leadership was clearly uncomfortable about the calls for an organizational re- sponse to the wrenching national debate on human rights during the 1960s. When a 1963 report, Access to Public Libraries, concluded that direct discrimination was found in sixteen southern states and that in- direct discrimination was prevalent throughout the country, many northerners were outraged. By 1968 younger members began a sus- tained assault on what they viewed as ALA's cumbersome bureaucracy, elitism, and in- sensitivity to social issues. Once more committees were appointed, and modest gains were achieved in making the associa- tion more responsive. Perhaps the greatest legacy of this period was an enhanced com- mitment to the principle of intellectual freedom. Clearly, the first hundred years have been a fascinating odyssey. Enduring achievements may be claimed in the areas of standards, education, intellectual free- dom, legislation, and publishing. Still await- ing resolution is the pervasive fragmentation that militates against a shared vision. In passing judgment on the merits of Thomison's volume, one must differentiate the objective of history to educate from the objective to achieve an authentic recon- struction. The writing is felicitous, at times moving, and the conclusions generally sound. Apart from the limitations of over- reliance on secondary sources and question- able omissions, such as a contextual discus- sion of the professionalization of American society, librarians should profit from reading this study. One can readily agree with Edward Hol- ley's prefatory comment that Thomison has identified the persistent issues and thus made it easier to avoid roasting the same chestnuts again. When evaluated as a work of scholarship, some disquieting observations must be noted. Conceptual acuity is sometimes ab- sent. For example, the author fails to ex- plore the early period as a clash between elitists and advocates of the diffusion of knowledge. More than two dozen misspellings and factual inaccuracies have been iden- tified. The names of ALA presidents Linda Eastman and Frances Spain are incorrectly rendered in several places; Frank Hill is re- ferred to as Frederick; the title of the Williamson report of 1923 is inaccurately transcribed; and the American Expedition- ary Force is wrongly named the Allied Ex- peditionary Force. More substantive errors, such as the assertion that ALA first en- dorsed federal library legislation in 1930 (it was 1919), reflect inadequate primary re- search. Regrettably, the $30 price tag will not stimulate the broad exposure needed to prevent a reroasting of those chestnuts. A paperback edition is urgently recom- mended.-Arthur P. Young, University of Alabama. Use of Medical Literature. Editor: L. T. Morton. 2d . ed. Information Sources for Research and Development. London, Boston: Butterworths, 1977. 462p. $24.95. LC 77-30008. ISBN 0-408- 70916-2. (Available from: Butterworths, 19 Cummings Park, Woburn, MA 01801.) Human beings seem to be divided into two groups: those who recognize the need for something but do nothing about it (ex- cept perhaps complain about its lack) and those who, realizing a need , set to work to fill that need. Leslie T. Morton, the editor of this work and formerly librarian of the National Institute for Medical Research , Mill Hill, London, is one of the latter group. (His tale of hiding the shoeboxes containing the cards for "Garrison-Morton" under the dining room table in World War II air raids is characteristic of the man.) Au- thor of books on how to use a medical li- brary and directories of medical libraries, as well as his famous " Garrison-Morton" (med- ical bibliography) , without which no medical librarian could purchase rare books or mount a historical exhibit, he has now come out with a second edition of his Use of Med- ical Literature, which first appeared in 1974. The work is a series of articles by spe- cialists in each subject field , written for other specialists or for beginners going into one field from another specialty. As such it has the admirable qualities of authority and pragmatism , but also the poor qualities of unevenness in coverage and style and in- evitable gaps and duplication. Most of the chapters are lists of books and journals with a few words explaining the general subject and other descriptions about the individual titles. The second edition follows the lines-and often the texts-of the first edi- tion , but adds historical sections to each of the subject chapters , offers an entirely new chapter on pediatrics , and revises exten- sively the chapter on mechanization in literature indexes. Indeed, that chapter is perhaps the only one so thoroughly revised-due to the advent of both on-line capabilities in computerized data bases and the growth of the number of such data bases-that it makes a second edition rea- sonable and logical. Without it , a small sup- plement to the first edition would probably have sufficed for ·some time. American readers will note the British emphasis on works cited and institutions recommended , as is to be expected in such a work; but they will also note the great in- Recent Publications I 61 fluence of American efforts in this field. The National Library of Medicine and its publi- cations and data bases are extensively de- scribed, and the cost of many services is given in American dollars. Less frequent references to German, French, Italian, or Russian material-to say nothing of non- European works-mirror the natural tend- ency for English-speaking scientists to stay within their own linguistic capabilities as much as possible. This tendency has, of course, been reinforced by the fact that the overwhelming percentage of scientific litera- ture today appears in the English language. Altogether this volume points to the much more common personal involvement by British scientists in literature searching and reading than by their American col- leagues. The tradition of reading and study- ing the publications of others is obviously still a British tradition, which might well be accepted more frequently in the United States. The book is well printed and the binding is what one expects from the Butterworth series Information Sources for Research and Development. The only question has to do with the price of the book. Even with infla- tion and the sinking of the worth of the American dollar internationally , does this book really merit a price of $24 . 95? We doubt H. -Estelle Brodman , School of Medicine , Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri. Inter-Library Lending-The Challenge of Cooperation. [Fjernllm-samarbeid med utfordringer]. Lectures and Discussions Held at the Conference on Inter-Library Lending, Lysebu , Oslo, August 1977. Edited by Kirsten Engelstand and Jan Erik R~ed. (Scandiaplanen . Skriftserie 4.) Oslo: Hovedkomiteen for Scandiaplanen, 1978. 154p. NCr 75. ISBN 82-7000-066-3. (Available from: The National Office for Research and Special Libraries , P. 0. 2439 Solli, Oslo 2, Norway.) The Scandia Plan was organized in the 1950s by Sweden, Norway, and Finland. Its initial purpose was to bring about a more efficient coordination of the acquisition of literature among the Nordic countries. In 1972 a special committee was appointed to coordinate inter-Nordic lending, and the