College and Research Libraries that libraries will run , as Freedman puts it, "lemming-like to follow the de facto national library's practices or support their biblio- graphic utility's practices .... " Like most of the authors, they argue strongly for rigorous authority control as an essential element of good cataloging. In his closing remarks S. Michael Malico- nico is equally critical of the rush to close. He also questions the benefits libraries will derive from AACR2 when machine search- ing is capable of rendering moot many of the questions of choice and form of entry. Perhaps AACR2' s most lasting benefit will be as a catalyst to change . This work is a provocative one , well worth its cost. This brief review necessarily telescopes much of the commentary by these cataloging experts, and this reviewer strongly urges that libraries purchase this ti- tle and librarians read it.-Frederick C. Lynden, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island. The Making of a Code: The Issues Under- lying AACR2. Edited by Doris Hargrett Clack. Chicago: American Library Assn. , 1980. 264p. $15. LC 80-17496 . ISBN 0-8389-0309-6. Maxwell , Margaret F. Handbook for AACR2: Explaining and Illustrating Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition. Chicago: American Li- brary Assn., 1980. 476p. $20. LC 80- 17667. ISBN 0-8389-0301-0. The Making of a Code gathers papers presented at the International Conference on AACR2 held March 11-14, 1979, in Tal- lahassee, Florida. Objectives of the confer- ence were : (1) to provide librarians with an opportunity for dialogue with the individuals directly responsible for the revision of AACR; (2) to provide an opportunity for in- dividuals to discuss the various rule changes and thus _gain a better insight into the theory behind the rules ; (3) to provide an opportunity for individuals to exchange ideas about the code to increase their understanding of the impact of the code on library operations and user expectations; and (4) to e;x:plore avenues for implementa- tion. The majority of the papers, particular- ly in part 2, "Description," part 3, "Access Points," and part 4, "Looking beyond the Recent Publications I 265 Rules," do not provide new insights into the interpretation of use of the code or even the background of the code development for the most part. A notable exception is "Examin- ing the ' Main' in Main Entry Headings" by Eli~beth L . Tate, who addresses the fun- damental concept of the role of the main entry in cataloging, tracing the development of the main entry (as reflected in an author- unit-entry) over the past 130 years. Tate in- vestigates three questions : (1) Is the author- unit-entry more efficient than the title-unit- entry as far as the user is concerned or vice versa? (2) Is either method demonstrably more or less costly? (3) Is either type of cataloging more or less suitable for interna- tional exchange of cataloging data? Although she can answer only the last question with any degree of certainty (the title-unit-entry appears to be more amenable to effective international exchange of bibliographic data in her opinion), she touches on questions of catalog use studies, work-flow analyses, and other studies as part of her examination of the still unsettled controversy. It is in part 1, "Generalities ," however , that the most interesting presentations appear. In "The Fundamentals of Biblio- graphic Cataloging and AACR2 ," Seymour Lubetzky points out that the attempts of the authors of AACR2 to reconcile widely diver- gent opinions and objectives has resulted in a "compromise unsusceptible to a coherent ideology based on the requirements of a sound catalog designed to serve the users of the library. " Despite praise for the crafts- manship of the new code , Lubetzky iden- tifies three decisions made dming its de- velopment that · have compromised the in- tegrity of AACR: first , a compromise on the issue of main entry that blurs the primary objective of the catalog as first set forward by Panizzi ; second , the abandonment of the principle of corporate authorship ; and third , the resulting inadequacy of the treatment of serials in AACR2. Lubetzky reminds us of Panizzi's critics, who looked at a catalog pri- marily as a finding list rather than as a de- vice that could also in its structure reflect the relationships of works and editions to one another, thus providing the catalog user with more information than simply that needed for identification of a specific item. The collocating function of a catalog that in- 266 I College & Research Libraries • May 1981 eludes syndetic devices was a guiding prin- ciple in the development of AACR1. According to Lubetzky, this view has been lost in the new code, which reflects a view of the catalog as a finding list. The importance of Lubetzky' s comments is underscored by S. Michael Malinconico in "AACR2 and Automation." Malinconico points out that although automation can make it easier for libraries to accommodate changes in bibliographical principles, such principles exist independently from any technology and must be developed in isola- tion from computers, despite the intention of drafters of the new code "to take de- velopments in library automation into account." Malinconico notes that the con- cept of the main entry, despite its demise in AACR2, reappears in the frequently for- warded suggestion that automated systems can compensate for the absence of the main entry and collocation function by linking var- ious versions of a work. However, the abil- ity of most systems to accomplish this or to support any of the extensive modifications necessary to implement the new code well is not evident at this time . He argues that the time to implement a new cataloging code would have been at a point when this kind of support was available. Malinconico also lists some accommoda- tions to automation that are evident in the new code, although his opinion of at least two of these is that the code has found solu- tions to relatively trivial problems. For ex- ample, the filing provisions in AACR2 occa- sionally result in forms of access that-while easily processed by machine--look peculiar to the people reading them. He points out that in the experience of the New York Public Library, reliance on manual filing forms when necessary has caused no major problems. In addition , use of rigid punctua- tion rules to help machine sorting will not be as effective as the consistent use of explicit content designators that already ex- ist in the MARC format. The Making of a Code will be an impor- tant text on the development of the second edition of AACR for future students of cata- loging history. For the present, it raises questions and dQubts about the code that continue to be troublesome and controver- sial. In The Handbook for AACR2, Margaret Maxwell presents a useful explication of the new code by providing clear explanations of specific rules, numerous full catalog entry format examples illustrating code prescrip- tions, transcriptions of title pages from which the examples are derived, and refer- ences to treatment of specific topics in earli- er codes when possible and appropriate. The Handbook also includes helpful appen- dixes such as descriptions of anonymous classics; AACR2 forms of headings for U.S. presidents, British sovereigns, etc.; and in- dexes to rules, examples, and topics cov- ered in the book. Library of Congress prac- tice is reflected as much as possible in the text and examples. Most valuable to nonspecialist catalogers will be the chapters on special materials that provide examples of cataloging of mo- tion pictures, video records , graphic mate- rials, three-dimensional artifacts and reali~ items that many catalogers encounter only occasionally and that present problems be- cause of their rarity in many collections. Although the Handbook will not take the place of the example files most catalogers compile to illustrate unusual problems they solve ·in their work, it does provide a very useful basic collection that, together with the explanations, will be valuable for train- ing purposes in both libraries and library schools, and for general consultation in cata- log departments.-Tina Kass, Research Li- braries Group , Stanford, California. Roper, Fred W., and Boorkman, Jo Anne. Introduction to Reference · Sources in the !fealth Sciences. Chicago: Medical Li- brary Association, 1980. 252p. $18. ISBN 0-912176-08-3. Roper and Boorkman are the principal authors of this work, writing nine of the fourteen chapters; the remaining chapters were contributed by librarians from various health sciences libraries around the country. Intended primarily fo~ use as a library school text, this book should be equally use- ful to practicing librarians and library users. The first chapter covers the organization and management of a reference collection. It offers no cut-and-dried blueprint, but rather a discussion of alternatives and the factors to be considered. when making deci-