College and Research Libraries clueing charges may very well lead to a requirement that libraries become self- supporting. In her paper on charging practices in uni- versities, Sandra Rouse qualifies the fee con- cept. She notes that "while the current en- vironment may dictate charging library pa- trons for on-line reference services, we be- lieve that future improvements in on-line sys- tems will result in the library's absorbing an increasing percentage of the total cost." There is little doubt that the public li- brary, as we have known it, is in jeopardy. It is threatened by lack of funding, lack of pub- lic support, and by computers and electronic technologies. Drake's conclusion that "policy makers are likely ~o seek a compromise posi- tion between fully subsidized library service and fee for service" seems to me a very likely scenario for the future. Although Drake does not say so, the next question this raises is: What is the optimum division between these two sources of revenue? One would hope that Recent Publications I 365 another "practical perspective" would ad- dress this issue, which will be a real issue for library administrators. The discussions of fees in various types of libraries vary in their relevance and interest. James Dodd's piece on information brokers highlights the paradoxical nature of the rela- tionship 'between information brokers and public libraries. Rouse's paper summarizes charging policies in ten universities. But the paper on the Dialib project, which presents guidelines for introducing online services, is only peripherally related to charging fees. This volume is recommended to those con- cerned with the future of libraries. It is espe- cially recommended for the questions raised by both Drake and Blake and for Pfister's ec- onomic analysis. -Sara D. Knapp, State University of New York at Albany. Blackwell, James E. Mainstreaming Outsid- ers: The Production of Black Professionals. New York: General Hall, 1981. 345p. 366 I College & Research Libraries· july 1982 "WE WROTE THE BOOK ON SERVICE" - (/wtlt/tua/t(m ( fiam~/W {!}IY/er.r - 6t.Miomi:n/ lj;prooal. .--. ' !L'iti/M ! AMBASSADOR BOOK SERVICE, INC. "furnishing books and related services to academic & research libraries" 42 CHASNER STREET HEMPSTEAD, NY 11550 (516) 489-4011 Low-Cost ·Microcomputer Based AV Circulation System Replace outdated manual booking methods for as little as $129 a week! With AM I you can improve service to your custom- ers, keep more complete and accurate re- cords, increase inventory turnover, reduce labor expense and speed up response time. AM I is the truly low-cost way to mod- ernize your operations and save money. Call TOLL FREE 800/323-7520* I R~l /, RE SEARCH TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 4700 Chase, Lincolnwood, Illinois 60646 "Illinois , Alaska , Hawaii Call 312/677-3000 $30.95. LC 81-82121. ISBN 0-930390- 39-3. The focus of Dr. Blackwell's scholarly study is upon access by blacks to education for the professions during the 1970s. The author selects eight professions: medi- cine, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy, veter- inary medicine, engineering, law, and social work. All of the publicly available documen- tation on recruitment, admissions, degrees granted, financial aid, and special programs for blacks and other minorities (especially re- ports by professional associations and the government) are examined to assess the situa- tion in each field. For each of the professions, detailed infor- mation on enrollments for each academic year of the 1970s is provided, and the data are carefully analyzed. The eight professions are examined for current racial composition, the peculiar problems that entry into each presents for minority-group members, and whatever reasons might account for the ups and downs of black enrollments during the decade. Blackwell takes note of gains where gains have been made, but they have been, for the most part, pathetically modest. He posits,.. a: hypothetical "parity" at somewhere between 11 and 12 percent. That is, the total black population of the United States is about this percent therefore, if a profession were fully integrated, one could expect the members to be about 11 or 12 percent black. In fact, only social work ever achieved anything like this level of parity (and the percentage of black enrollments in schools of social work has been declining during the past three years) . The proportion of black students in medi- cal colleges in the United States more than doubled between 1969 and 1979, certainly an admirable achievement by all concerned, but black medical students still represent only about 6 percent of all medical students. As late as 1967, approximately 83 percent of the 6,000 black physicians then in practice had received their medical training at one of two traditionally black institutions, Howard University Medical School or Meharry Medi- cal College in Nashville. Even at present, these two institutions account for 40 percent of all black medical faculty in the United States and turn out more black dentists than any dozen other dental schools combined. In 1982 3,000 new titles in science and technology and 3,000 new titles in the social sciences are accessed for the first time in The Catalogue of British Official Publications Not Published by HMSO 1982 and are available on demand or on standing order on microfiche. These are books, serials and documents issued by over 350 official British agencies and are NOT listed in: The HMSO Catalogues The British National Bibliography NTIS or in any other Catalogue Catalogue of British Official Publications Not Published by HMSO 1982 6 bi-monthly issues and clothbound annual cumulation $260 Please ask for a free specimen issue of the Catalogue and information on special collections of documents on microfiche on Energy, Transport, Social Problems in Urban Areas, Equality of Opportunity (Race, Sex and Age Discrimination in Britain) and Bibliographies and Reading Lists. Chadwyck-Healey Inc 623 Martense Avenue, Teaneck NJ 07666. Telephone: (201) 692 1801 368 I College & Research Libraries • july 1982 In optometry, only 1 percent of the profes- sion is black and in veterinary medicine only about 1. 7 percent (with currently about 85 percent of all black veterinarian graduates from one institution- Tuskegee). Fewer than 2 percent of American engineers and fewer than 2 percent of our almost 600,000 lawyers are black. For the eight professions that he studies, Blackwell makes a strong case that while progress toward "parity" has been made, it has been excruciatingly slow. In a separate chapter on the production of black doctorates during the 1970s, he dem- onstrates that a situation similar to that of the professions existed in every field and in every state. At mid-decade, six out of every ten doctorates earned by blacks were in educa- tion. Blackwell calls for increased involvement · by government, foundations, and. private in- dustry in improving access to professional ed- ucation for blacks, but his expect~tions of the Reagan . admfnistration fall considerably short of the optimistic. Nowhere is librarianship mentioned in Blackwell's research, but his useful volume provides the data against which the library profession can measure its own accomplish- ments in "mainstreaming outsiders."- John Farley, School of Library and Information Science, State University of New York at Al- bany. Editor in Chief: RICHARD PoiRIER Executive Editor: THOMAS R. EDWARDS Contributors: ' LINCOLN KIRSTEIN MICHEL FoucAULT LEO BERSANI ELAINE SHOWALTER GEORGES BATAILLE RosALIND J(RAuss FRANK LENTRICCHIA DENIS DoNOGHUE ANITA KERMODE HAROLD BLOOM JOHN HoLLANDER EDWARD SAID RoBERT CoLEs JAY CANTOR RICHARD HowARD ALEXANDER CocKBURN MARGERY SABIN DAVID BROMWICH GEORGE KATEB FRANK KERMODE ANDREW HACKER LEO BRAUDY ALICE WEXLER DAVID KALSTONE Subscription Rates: Individuals $12.00/ 1 yr., $21.00/ 2 yrs.; Institutions $16/ 1 yr., $26.00/ 2 yrs. Postage to all foreign countries, add $5.50/year surface mail, $12.00/ year for air mail. RARITAN: A QUARTERLY REVIEW Rutgers University • 165 College Avenue • New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903