College and Research Libraries rejomder, "Librarianship and Informa- tion Research: Together or Apart?" Ray- ward comments on each response. Unlike a standard symposium or anthology that includes a series of unrelated papers on a given subject, this plan works well for pro- viding a form of dialogue among scholars in a given discipline. Altogether there are fifty-six articles in these.principal sections. A length introduction to the volume, ''Cultural Diversity in Studies of Informa- tion,'' provides a setting and context for the following principal sections. In an epi- logue, "Semantic Quirks in Studies of In- formation,'' Machlup gives his own re- joinder to the previous papers, presenting his views on what the authors mean by in- formation, by science, and by computing. Machlup died before he had completed writing this section, and Mansfield pre- pared the final text for publication, noting the missing parts and what they would have included. A list of approximately one thousand references and a name index conclude the volume. The list of references, arranged alphabetically by author, does not, how- ever, serve as a subject bibliography for the individual disciplines covered. This is not a volume one will read from cover to cover. Instead, one will consult its individual sections to discover how present-day scholars view their subject disciplines and relationships with other fields. But as readers study one section, they may be led to others and may also benefit from Machi up and Mansfield's in- troductory and concluding essays. This volume is but one part of the mam- moth legacy Fritz Machlup has left to the world of scholarship. We hope that his colleagues and students will be able to continue and conclude the research that he began.-Richard D. Johnson, State Uni- versity of New York, College at Oneonta. Richards, Pamela Spence. Scholars and Gentleman: The Library of the New-York Historical Society, 1804-1982. Hamden, Conn.: Archon, 1984. 144p. $17.50. LC 83-15876. ISBN 0-208-2039-X. The New-York Historical Society, founded in 1804, is the second oldest his- torical society in the United States. A cul- tural institution of national significance, Recent Publications 183 the society maintains a library and a mu- seum, the latter devoted to the fine arts and the decorative arts. The resources of the society include more than five hun- dred thousand volumes, several million transcripts, and an extensive collection of prints, photographs, drawings, and paintings with a particular emphasis on the history of New York City and New York state and the early colonial period. In Scholars and Gentlemen: The Library of the New-York Historical Society, 1804-1982, Pamela Spence Richards traces the for- tunes and misfortunes of the institution during its 178-year history. As the subtitle indicates, she places her emphasis on the library that played a dominant role in the development of the historical society: the collecting of historical materials was seen as the primary task of the society from its inception. Richards does, however, show how the museum collections grew, how they occasionally seemed to overwhelm the scholarly functions of the library, and how the museum eventually became a separate department that took on the gen- eral educational functions of the society. Evident throughout Richards' narrative are the difficulties that the society faced as a result of its limited financial resources. Although it received an occasional grant from the state of New York early in its his- tory, and some funds from private foun- dations and federal funding agencies in the twentieth century, the institution has survived primarily on an endowment built up by philanthropic New Yorkers. Fi- nancial constraints over the years nearly led to the sale of the library in 1825; caused delays and ultimately the suspension of the publishing activities of the society; af- fected its public services because of cramped quarters, insufficient staff, and inadequate cataloging; and resulted in a strike by some two dozen of the society's clerical, technical, and professional work- ers in 1979. A problem of equal significance, as Rich- ards presents it, was the conflict, particu- larly in the second half of the nineteenth century, over the focus of the institution. Related to this issue were the challenges the society faced at that time as a result of the social changes in the city and the pro- fessionalization of scholarship and librari- 184 College & Research Libraries anship. Frederic de Peyster, president of the society from 1864-1866 and 1873-1882, emphasized the broad educational role of the institution, while George Henry Moore, librarian from 1849-1866, viewed it as a professional library serving special- ized scholars. Under Moore's successors, William and Robert Kelby, the society be- came one of the city's chief centers of ge- nealogical research and hereditary patri- otic organizations. A solution to this issue was eventually facilitated by the depart- mentalization of the functions and pur- poses of the society by librarian (and later director) Alexander J. Wall in 1939. The li- brary continued to function as a scholarly resource while the new museum allowed the society to meet the popular educa- tional demands. Despite these difficulties, the New-York Historical Society managed to attract col- lections of major importance. Richards' account is peppered with descriptions of the manuscript and printed riches that came into the institution. Unrelated mate- rials were accepted as well. This "vacuum cleaner'' approach to acquisitions was eventually refined by director R. W. G. Vail, who established a policy of building to the strengths of the collection in 1959. Like his predecessor, Alexander J. Wall, Vail worked to achieve closer cooperation with other New York institutions. Richards brings her story up to the present with a discussion of the recatalog- ing and conservation projects of the soci- ety under director James D. Heslin and li- brarian James Gregory. The problems of escalating costs and a stagnating endow- ment fill the final pages of her study. Scholars and Gentlemen is a fine contribu- tion to the history of the cultural institu- tions of New York City and of the United States.-Marie Elena Korey, Free Library of Philadelphia. Library Technical Services: Operations and Management. Ed. by Irene P. God- den. (Library and Information Science series) Orlando, Fla.: Academic, 1984. 272p. $32. LC 83-15645. ISBN 0-12- 287040-9. The editor of Library Technical Seroices: Operations and Management says that the March 1985 text is intended to provide an overview of current technical services operations. It is also intimated that this work is for the pro- fessional reader. The operations described are mainly those found in academic and research libraries-but applicability in other types of libraries is assumed. The book attempts, therefore, to provide a comprehensive overview of current tech- nical services operations, including ad- ministration, automation, acquisitions, bibliographic control, preservation, and circulation. By current is meant not only recent, but developments since the publication of Maurice Tauber's classic text Technical Ser- vices in Libraries (New York: Columbia Univ. Pr ., 1954)-a period of thirty years. The emphasis, however, is not on a histor- ical overview but primarily on the current situation. Tauber's work originated with his teaching duties in Columbia's School of Library Service and came within a de- cade or two of the time in the library world when technical services as such were first conceived. As much as any other single event, the publication of Tauber's text her- alded the arrival of an organizational iden- tity for the library technical services unit or division. Ironically, this new work edited by Irene Godden appears at a time when that identity is undergoing serious re- thinking and when some are even predict- ing its demise. Library Technical Seroices contains only seven chapters, and one of those is the in- troduction. Other chapters are devoted to administration, automation, acquisitions, bibliographic control, preservation, and circulation. These are considered to be the functional areas of technical services, and the editor explains that discussions of spe- cific materials and operations are . covered in each functional chapter. Hence, for de- scriptions and discussions of specific top- ics (e.g., serials, government publica- tions, binding), it is essential that the reader refer to the index where treatment in the respective chapter is referenced. Each of the chapters is organized along similar lines. That is, the specialist author for the particular chapter provides an in- troduction, deals with the terminology, discusses major topics, issues, and special