College and Research Libraries 188 College & Research Libraries only model that presently exists? With all of the insights and information Sex Segregation in Librarianship supplies to aspiring administrators and personnel li- brarians, it cannot be seriously faulted for not attempting to answer such difficult and provocative questions. In light of Ir- vine's stated goals (to explore the reasons behind the '' intraoccupational sex segre- gation of academic librarianship"), how- ever, the fact that these questions were not even raised constitutes an interesting and perplexing omission. As its series title implies, this book makes an important contribution to librarianship and provides an excellent review of the literature, a lengthy bibliography, and a detailed ap- pendix describing the research methodology. -Constance Miller, Univer- sity Library, University of Illinois at Chicago. Lindsey, Jonathan A., and Ann E. Pren- tice, Professional Ethics and Librarians. Phoenix: Oryx, 1985. 103p. $32.50. LC 83-43244. ISBN 0-89774-133-1. This work, the outgrowth of the au- thors' involvement with the Professional Ethics Committee of the American Library Association, is a thoughtful, historical commentary on a topic that has been fre- quently ignored by practicing librarians and library educators. Patrick M. O'Brien, writing in the foreword to the work, hails it as the ''definitive history'' for those studying the development of ethical codes for U.S. librarians. Certainly, this is a book whose time has come. As the authors aptly point out, librarians' professional judgment has not necessarily counted for much in dealing with patrons in the past. . With the introduction of database search- ing, payment of fees for specialized biblio- graphic searching, and the increased use of technology in libraries, the "informa- tion specialist" is one who "may indeed have power to help or harm the client." Because ethical codes are meant to assure society that the professional person "will provide high-quality service free from any implications of personal gain,'' this work has more relevance to librarianship than ever before. Given its historical nature, the work is largely descriptive and chronicles the de- March 1986 velopment of ethics statements for librari- ans from as early as 1903 from a speech by Mary W. Plummer through the adoption of the codes enacted by the American Li- brary Association in 1929, 1938, 1975, and 1981. The account is presented in the sec- ond chapter, "American Library Codes of Ethics: A Documentary Approach," and consumes almost half of the book. The third chapter, "Commentary on the Code,'' records the reactions and impres- sions of nine library leaders unadorned by any attempt on the part of the authors to assimilate and condense their opinions. The persons include Page Ackerman, Car- oline Arden, Lester Asheim, Jack Dalton, Brooke Sheldon, Robert Vosper, Robert Wedgeworth, William J. Welsh, and Vir- ginia G. Young. The final chapter, ''Cases and Questions,'' presents five summaries of hypothetical situations developed by the ALA Professional Ethics Committee in the early 1980s that were employed at the 1981 Annual Meeting in San Francisco to illustrate how each situation was ad- dressed by the "Statement on Profes- sional Ethics 1981." No commentary accompanies the cases. Sixteen thought- provoking questions are presented at the end of the chapter, which were written by David Kaser when he was chair of the Pro- fessional Ethics Committee in 1976. Again, there is no commentary given. Pre- sented in this manner, the format is con- ducive for discussion in library-education classes when covering matters involving ethics. The first chapter, ''The Development of Ethics Codes,'' provides an excellent, con- cise backdrop to the development of ethi- cal codes in the United States. Its true value is that it takes an interdisciplinary approach and thus assists the reader to place the development of library ethical codes into a greater historical context. It is here that we learn that it is the responsibil- ity of the members of professional associa- tions to "mutually guarantee" the compe- tence of its membership and also its members' "honor and integrity." This is pretty heady stuff, especially for Ameri- can librarianship, which prides itself on its egalitarianism and allows nondegreed persons to become members of its largest Swets ... an attractive, many facetted and transparent subscription service. We would be pleased to send you our informative brochure as well as detailed documentation of our services. ------------------ ---- --- 190 College & Research Libraries professional association. The chapter also contains a discussion of professional be- havior in the public sector in which ethics loom greater than merely "staying out of trouble." The issue of enforcement is most effective, the author's maintain, when there is a written code that has been agreed upon by members of the profes- sion, where there is appropriate education of members and those studying to be members of the profession, and where there is sufficient peer-group pressure to enforce the precepts of the code. It should be noted that an excellent, se- lect bibliography appears at the conclu- sion of the work along with an index. Professional Ethics and Librarians can be read with profit by all who consider them- selves professional librarians. The work is particularly useful for those librarians ed- ucating future librarians and to those in- volved in revising the current ALA "Statement on Professional Ethics. 11 It will certainly be the source to consult for anyone involved in studying the profes- sional ethics of the library profession in the United States.-Larry A. Kroah, Uni- versity Library, Indiana University of Penn- sylvania. University Libraries in Developing Coun- tries: Structure and Function in Regard to Information Transfer for Science and Technology: Proceedings of the IFLA/ Unesco Pre-Session Seminar for Librari- ans from Developing Countries, Mii.n- chen, August 16-19, 1983. Ed. by An- thony J. Loveday and Gunter Gattermann. Miinchen: K. G. Saur, 1985. 183p. (IFLA Publications, V.33). $20. ISBN 3-598-20397-7. These fourteen papers cover well the wide range of development issues faced by university libraries in developing coun- tries, from a variety of perspectives. Many of the papers specifically address the ma- jor focus of the seminar-information transfer for science and technology. The remainder, while not directly addressing this focus, concentrate on related develop- mental issues that are of crucial impor- tance to information transfer regardless of the discipline. All of the papers were writ- ten by experts addressing the issues both from firsthand experience as well as in tel- March 1986 · lectual endeavor. Only two contributors come from outside the developing world (United Kingdom and West Germany) while the remainder come from a repre- sentative cross-section of the developing · world (Barbados, Brazil, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Thailand, and Zambia). Two introductory papers are followed by three parts in which papers are ar- ranged by theme: Part 1, "Acquisitions, 11 Part 2, "Information Technology," and Part 3, "Training." As with many IFLA seminar publication, summaries of confer- ence discussion follow each paper. A list of sixteen ''Recommendations and Reso- lutions" growing out of the seminar con- cludes the work. It is important to evaluate this collection from the perspective of two potential · groups of readers: those in the developed world attempting to understand aspects of international and comparative librari- anship and those in the developing world attempting to accomplish development goals in their libraries. For both groups this collection is an important contribution to the literature since it goes beyond merely explaining the concerns, needs, and problems of development and de- scribes possibilities for development as well as achievement, sometimes against considerable obstacles. Papers are fre- quently very well paired. For example, S. W. Massil's "New Information Tech- nologies Available in the Industrialised World" (p.ll0-18) is followed by H. T. Lim's ''Choosing the Moment: A Review of the Organisational Problems and Changes Arising out of Conversion to Computerised Systems" (p.l19-34). The broad perspective of what is available is, therefore, followed by the practical exam- ple of the development of MALMARC at the Universiti Sains Malaysia. The important role university libraries in the developing world play in national development can sometimes be over- looked by nonlibrarians making crucial funding decisions. This collection of pa- pers is recommended not only for library and information professionals but for those outside of the field concerned with Third World development because of the