College and Research Libraries value-added taxes on books, subsidizing postal rates, establishing policies on copyright and photocopying, and im- proving the level of support for libraries. Unfortunately, Lillet presents these last proposals with enthusiasm, but without debate. For example, most bookstore chains, some publishers, and many con- sumers oppose retail price maintenance. Both the strengths and the weaknesses of this book lie in the characterization of the individual countries and the use of data from interviews. The information is current and informed. Lillet has a knack for choosing facts and anecdotes that en- liven and clarify his account, but in rely- ing on interviews and pointing out the peculiarities of each country, he loses comparability. We are given one type of information about Italy and quite an- other about Denmark. The introductory and concluding sections bring out the economic factors that are now the most important forces shaping the Community's book trade, but ignore other interesting themes that are raised in the chapters on specific countries. Why, for example, is the rate of readership rising in Italy, but stable or declining in most other coun- tries? Still, readers wanting an overview of the book trade in any of the twelve EC countries, those wanting information on the economic state of the European book trade as it moves toward 1992, and his- torians of the book will all find much to admire in Pour une Europe du livre.- James Campbell, University of Virginia, Charlottesville. Bibliographic Access in Europe: First In- ternational Conference. The Proceed- ings of a Conference Organized by the Centre for Bibliographic Management and Held at the University of Bath 14-17 September 1989. Ed. by Lorcan Dempsey. Aldershot, Hants., England: Gower, 1990. 315p. $69.95 (ISBN 0- 566-03644-4). The First International Conference on Bibliographic Access in Europe was a successor to three conferences on online public access to library files held at Bath from 1984 through 1987. Delegates were present from twenty-eight countries, Book Reviews 593 and speakers came from throughout Eu- rope and beyond. This volume is a collection of thirty papers from the 1989 conference, at which the OPAC theme was expanded to include a much wider variety of issues concerning access to bibliographic mate- rials. The papers describe both achieve- ments and future plans and prospects, ranging from individual innovative cat- aloging projects to attempts at international cooperation. They are grouped into thecate- gories ''Interactive Local Systems," ''Net- worksandNetworking," "Central Databases," "Central Databases-CO-ROM," ''Biblio- graphic Records: Innovations," and ''Biblio- graphic Standards." In his keynote address, "Towards a Golden Age?" Michael Smethurst, presi- dent of the Ligue des Bibliotheques Europeennes de Recherche, juxtaposes the ideals of a common European meta catalog (all records from all libraries convertefi into machine-readable form) with the re- alities of meeting the needs of individual users in countries lacking a common lan- guage and in diverse libraries decentral- ized politically, administratively, and financially. The emphasis, he says, should be on "providing access to machine-read- able catalogs in whatever formats and with whatever standards exist." Some of the most interesting contribu- tions are those describing cooperative projects that reach across borders. Exist- ing cooperative efforts are introduced in such chapters as "The European Cooper- ative CD-ROM Project" by Barbara Buckley (National Bibliographic Service, the British Library), and the OCLC con- tribution, "Issues and Considerations in Creating an International Database," by Janet Mitchell (OCLC International) . Ar- ticles presenting guidelines or frame- works for cooperation developed by European bodies include "The Plan of Action for Libraries in the European Community: New Partnerships," by Ari- ane Iljon (Commission of the European Communities) and Pat Manson (lnfotap, Luxembourg), "EUROLIB-Towards a European Library?" by Harold Dierickx (Library Liaison Division, European Parliament, Luxembourg), and "Retro- 594 College & Research Libraries conversion in Europe: The Council of Europe's Initiatives," by Peter Rau (Hochschulbibliothekszentrum, Koln). Of particular interest to American cat- alogers may be Alan Jeffreys's paper, ''The Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2d Edition (AACR2): Now and in Eu- rope." While he notes that AACR2 has been translated into more than a dozen languages, from Arabic to Urdu, Jeffreys states, "I see little prospect of AACR2 being extended beyond the Anglo-Ameri- can environment in which it is firmly em- bedded." The more likely candidate for an international cataloging code, he writes, is the MARC format, with its more easily transferred numeric structure, or a whole new set of ISBDs, cataloging rules, and machine formats developed, this time, in synchronicity. The thirty papers are framed by excel- lent summarizing reports by the editor, Lorcan Dempsey of the Centre for Biblio- graphic Management, and by Paula Goosens of the European Foundation for Library Cooperation (EFLC). Dempsey's introduction gives an overview of the topics covered in the volume, citing the reasons for differences in developments in the European countries and speculat- ing on the difficulties these differences pose for the future. In Goosens's sum- mary chapter, titled ''The European Li- brary: A Summing Up," she creates a future scenario and a model for a Euro- pean Library and then uses the contents of the papers to explore the chances of "realizing in practice such an ambitious cooperative program." Goosens exam- ines the new tools and techniques neces- sary for bibliographic control and access, and she reviews the political, economic, and organizational structures needed for an "active and positive contribution to a European cooperative program." She concludes with a list of the requirements for bibliographic access in Europe: qual- ity databases, access via user-friendly OPACs, national bibliographic utilities in each country, and cooperative efforts on a supranational level. The value of this volume lies in the insight it provides the reader into the projects and innovations of European li- November 1991 braries, institutions with which the American cataloging specialist usually has little contact. It is easy and pleasant to browse and choose among the thirty short essays on a myriad of specialized topics, and the keynote and summary essays provide an excellent overview of the state of European bibliographic af- fairs in 1989.-Heidi L. Hutchinson, Uni- versity of California, Riverside. Hardesty, Larry L. Faculty and the Li- brary: The Undergraduate Experience. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex, 1991. 170p. $37.50 (ISBN 0-89391-685-4). Larry Hardesty (Eckerd College) is in- terested in the oft-repeated maxim that the library is the heart of the college. According to Hardesty, previous studies on the use of the library clearly show that this truism is not, in fact, true. Working with the concept that student use of the library is prompted primarily by the fac- ulty, he has investigated the attitudes of college faculty toward the library. The results of his study are useful and infor- mative. The most useful parts of this book are the historical sections, which show clearly how little has changed over the 1 years. Hardesty cites a number of stud- ies that show that college libraries serve primarily as study halls and reserve book collections, as they have for so many years. The key chapter in this book, "Select- ing Library Materials for Undergradu- ates," should be required reading for every beginning college librarian. In this chapter, Hardesty shows that there is often little relationship between the need for library material and the actual mate- rial acquired. This discrepancy is most evident in the case of serials. In a compar- ison of mathematical journals held by six college libraries, Hardesty demonstrates that the library with the least need and the least money subscribed to the most jour- nals. He also shows that an alarmingly large proportion of books purchased by college libraries is never used. My disappointment with this book stems from the fact that it is more con- cerned with questions about methodol-