reviews 94 College & Research Libraries January 2003 first has to do with what the late Don McKenzie referred to as the “expressive- ness of the artifact”: These concentric wheels are intensely evocative of their contexts. Whether those contexts be World War Two or America’s ongoing obsession with diets and health regimes, these calculating wheels can provide scholars with quirky and revealing ways into sociocultural milieus. Among other things, they “empower” users (to resur- rect a term) in moments of challenge as well as in moments of play. Primary source material of this ilk may not, in it- self, sustain a monograph, but it is capable of adding nuance and emphases in unex- pected ways. The second reason to take these arti- facts seriously is a bit more abstract, but no less compelling, at least for this re- viewer. Helfand is a designer, and her book seems to be aimed primarily at members of her own tribe. Her message to them has to do with the new opportu- nities for design applications based on circularity and “kinetic thinking” rather than on static grids and squares. Her col- lection is thus a working library for her and perhaps her gift to colleagues. But this doesn’t mean that there is nothing here for us. Wheel charts may be one of the earliest and most persistent types of interactive information media. It is the array of inter- active possibilities latent in superimposed circles that interests Helfand and should interest us. From the standpoint of the his- tory of books and reading, volvelles and their more recent progeny present histori- ans with alternative examples of “reading” and learning. When Helfand talks about the “merits of kinetic thinking,” she may not have the authority of the academy be- hind her, but she does suggest a potentially rich approach to interactive media that deserves further exploration. Even if the reader is unimpressed by this reviewer ’s enthusiasms, she or he should still make a point of looking at this book. If nothing else, the remarkable dis- play of twentieth-century wheel charts provides a rich and fascinating tour of an underappreciated genre of printed mat- ter.—Michael Ryan, University of Pennsyl- vania. Scholarly Publishing: Books, Journals, Publishers, and Libraries in the Twen- tieth Century. Ed. Richard E. Abel, Lyman W. Newlin, Katina Strauch, and Bruce Strauch. New York: Wiley, 2002. 318p. alk. paper $29.95, (ISBN 0471219290). LC 2001-6154. This publication provides a unique view into the world of scholarly publishing. Despite the large number of books now coming out in the field of publishing his- tory and the flood of books critical of the current state of education, there are no works that treat so thoroughly the history, current situation, and future prospects of scholarly publishing. In addition to articles by librarians at the front lines of change, there are vibrant essays by some of the prime movers in publishing, bookselling, and library technology. Formats and top- ics as diverse as books and journals, mi- croforms, CD roms, scholarly reprints, print on demand, e-books, and i-books are discussed both historically and in the cur- rent context. The variety of perspectives provided by this amalgam of publishers, librarians, authors, booksellers, and journal dealers reflects the book’s genesis at the Charles- ton Conference and in its journal Against the Grain. The Charleston Conference is already in its twenty-second year of bring- ing together all of the disparate elements in the scholarly publishing equation. It is a venue where librarians can confront pub- lishers about pricing, where publishers can respond with questions about the “Napstering” of information, where copy- right issues can be debated, where predic- tions about the future of libraries and pub- lishing can be proposed and debated. In sum, it is a forum where all parties inter- ested in scholarly publishing and the li- brary market can meet face to face. The two lead editors, Richard Abel, a seminal figure in scholarly bookselling, and Lyman Newlin, a veteran bookman with more than sixty years’ experience in Book Reviews 95 publishing and bookselling, were called on by Katina Strauch, founder of the Charleston Conference and editor of Against the Grain, to gather a fair cross section of these voices and produce a “Millennial” volume assessing the past century, especially the past fifty years, of scholarly publishing. The sixteen writers who were chosen then were asked to speculate about the future of publishing from their individual perspectives. The editors exceeded expectations by produc- ing a volume that literally stands alone as a study of the field of scholarly pub- lishing in its many forms. The authors are all very straightfor- ward in relating the early history of schol- arly publishing and all agree that there was an explosion of scholarship and pub- lishing in the first half of the century. They also agree that there has been a crisis in libraries and publishing since the 1970s. Where once there had been nearly bot- tomless funding for libraries and research, there now came the end of the Baby Boom, government blank checks, and constant expansion of university library budgets. To compound the situation, there also has been an explosion of scien- tific and technical research and publish- ing that is overwhelming these same li- braries and their diminished budgets. As Albert Henderson, former editor of Pub- lishing Research Quarterly, points out: “an assault on the latest Standards for College Libraries prepared by the Association of College and Research Libraries (C&RL News 2000) . . . . excised the following passage: ‘[8.1] The library’s annual autho- rized expenditures shall be at least six percent of the total institutional expenditure for educational and general purposes.’” Removing this criterion goes against long-standing recommendations. In addition to fostering subscription cancellation, it encourages the inadequate pay of librarians, as well as the impover- ishment of other acquisitions, facili- ties, training, and services. Peter Givler, executive director of the Association of American University Presses, gives a detailed history of uni- versity press publishing followed by a cogent analysis of the current economics and rationale of university press publish- ing. To quote Mr. Givler, “The year 1970 . . . marked the beginning of a slow decline in purchases by libraries of scholarly monographs, particularly in the humani- ties and social sciences, a decline that con- tinues to this day and that has had a pro- found impact on university presses.” But he concludes on a positive note, “the twenty-first century brings with it the opportunity for new relationships and new forms of collaboration between uni- versity presses, university libraries, and universities themselves.” This situation is amply explored by Michael Gorman, dean of library services, California State University-Fresno, in his essay “The Economic Crisis in Libraries: Causes and Effects.” With the advent of a new “crisis” in library funding in our new millennium, Gorman’s essay is a renewed call to arms to defend libraries and the inherited wisdom they embody. Another pointed commentary can be found in the essay by Robert Follett sim- ply titled “Textbook Publishing.” Mr. Follett, who has been in the textbook and campus bookstore business for nearly fifty years, levels a challenge to all of those in- volved in writing and selecting textbooks to improve their work for the sake of read- ers and students. To quote Mr. Follett, “The best kind of publishing involves a close and intimate relationship between the au- thor and the reader, with the publisher providing the essential bridge between them. This is not the case in most textbook publishing. That this is so is unfortunate for authors, publishers, educators, and most of all, students.” His survey of the field and his understanding of the econom- ics and social dynamics of textbook pub- lishing make up another surprising per- spective provided by this volume. Stephanie Oda, editor and publisher of Subtext and president of Open Book Pub- lishing, gives a detailed reading of the fi- 96 College & Research Libraries January 2003 nancial and social dynamics of bookstores and book distribution. As a market ana- lyst, she provides the reader with infor- mation usually reserved for those inside the industry. Ralph Shoffner, president of Ringgold Management Systems, offers a masterful history of library automation and electronic information sources. He speaks with the authority of one who has been intimately involved in the development of many of those systems. Accompanying his defini- tive history, Shoffner’s “webography” is a valuable addition to the volume. Essays by Jack Goellner, former direc- tor of the Johns Hopkins University Press, and Hendrilk Edelman, former director of the Rutgers School of Information and Library Science, provide even more his- torical perspective and a look into a fu- ture where, in the words of Professor Edelman, for research libraries “in an- other fifty years, most of these (paper) collections will become special collections with extensive preservation needs and, undoubtedly, much more limited access. It will be a considerable managerial, tech- nological and architectural challenge.” Allen Veaner, former director of the University of Arizona Library, reflects on the kaleidoscopic array of information formats that libraries must deal with in his essay, “From Bibliotheque to Omnitheque.” He, too, speculates about the difficulty libraries will have in pre- serving the myriad formats and technolo- gies under their care. Finally, Chuck Hamaker, associate university librarian for collections and technical services at UNC Charlotte, was given the task of speculating on the fu- ture of the traditional library in his es- say, “The Place of Scholarly and Scien- tific Libraries in an Increasingly and More Widespread Competitive Informa- tion Knowledge Marketplace.” Mr. Hamaker applies the scholarly rigor and appropriate statistics that he has continu- ally brought to the argument to state as forcefully as possible that libraries and scholarly publishing, confronted with spiraling costs, cannot continue with the present contradictory models of poor funding and unlimited access to infor- mation. There are too many other points of access to high-quality information, es- pecially on the Web, for libraries to con- tinue trying to be all things to all users and for publishers to try to continue mo- nopolizing scholarly communication.— John Riley, Eastern Book Company and Gabriel Books << /ASCII85EncodePages false /AllowTransparency false /AutoPositionEPSFiles true /AutoRotatePages /All /Binding /Left /CalGrayProfile (Dot Gain 20%) /CalRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CalCMYKProfile (U.S. Web Coated \050SWOP\051 v2) /sRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CannotEmbedFontPolicy /Warning /CompatibilityLevel 1.3 /CompressObjects /Tags /CompressPages true /ConvertImagesToIndexed true /PassThroughJPEGImages true /CreateJobTicket false /DefaultRenderingIntent /Default /DetectBlends true /DetectCurves 0.0000 /ColorConversionStrategy /CMYK /DoThumbnails false /EmbedAllFonts true /EmbedOpenType false /ParseICCProfilesInComments true /EmbedJobOptions true /DSCReportingLevel 0 /EmitDSCWarnings false /EndPage -1 /ImageMemory 1048576 /LockDistillerParams false /MaxSubsetPct 1 /Optimize true /OPM 1 /ParseDSCComments true /ParseDSCCommentsForDocInfo true /PreserveCopyPage true /PreserveDICMYKValues true /PreserveEPSInfo true /PreserveFlatness false /PreserveHalftoneInfo true /PreserveOPIComments false /PreserveOverprintSettings true /StartPage 1 /SubsetFonts false /TransferFunctionInfo /Apply /UCRandBGInfo /Preserve /UsePrologue false /ColorSettingsFile () /AlwaysEmbed [ true ] /NeverEmbed [ true ] /AntiAliasColorImages false /CropColorImages false /ColorImageMinResolution 151 /ColorImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleColorImages true /ColorImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /ColorImageResolution 300 /ColorImageDepth -1 /ColorImageMinDownsampleDepth 1 /ColorImageDownsampleThreshold 1.10000 /EncodeColorImages true /ColorImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterColorImages true /ColorImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /ColorACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /ColorImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000ColorImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages false /GrayImageMinResolution 151 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.10000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /GrayImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000GrayImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages false /MonoImageMinResolution 600 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.16667 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict << /K -1 >> /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False /CreateJDFFile false /Description << /ENU (IPC Print Services, Inc. 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