reviews 180 College & Research Libraries March 2004 action. The editors of this work acknowl- edge that lawmakers cannot and should not legislate people’s attitudes or thoughts concerning issues of race; how- ever, they agree that “contemporary laws or policies ought to recognize that racial differences continue to play a significant role in determining life opportunities.” Affirmative action is just one effort in a long and ongoing struggle to rectify in- equality in America. The Supreme Court acknowledged this compelling interest in its recent decision upholding the right of colleges and universities to consider race in admissions decisions, recognizing the need for—and value of—diversity and racial equality in America’s system of higher education.—Kelly C. Rhodes, Appa- lachian State University. International Encyclopedia of Informa- tion and Library Science, 2nd ed. Eds. John Feather and Paul Sturges. London and New York: Routledge. 2003. 688p. alk. paper, $195 (ISBN 0415259010). LC 2992-32699. The second edition of the International En- cyclopedia of Information and Library Science provides, for the most part, comprehen- sive coverage of issues (e.g., history, policy, library types, library functional areas, cli- ent bases, and library services internation- ally), as well as a range of research areas (e.g., information-seeking behavior). It also includes key individuals, institutions, en- tities, and concepts (e.g., Internet, personal computer, technology, intellectual prop- erty, information theory, and the informa- tion society), providing historical, societal, and professional context and additional references for further reading. As the title suggests, the contributors and consultant editors represent a num- ber of parts of the world, primarily the United States and the United Kingdom, but also other European countries, Africa, Australia, Asia, South America, Canada, and Mexico. In addition to the interna- tional representation of the contributors and editors, it is important to note the depth and breadth in professional exper- tise of this distinguished roster of indi- viduals whose work has resulted in a sub- stantive contribution to the discipline and the profession. To a great extent, the work achieves the ambitious goals of an inter- national encyclopedia of a profession with a rich history; a profession made more complex by its international reach and regional distinctions. The critique of such a volume as this inevitably addresses the question of cov- erage, organization, and ease of use. With regard to the organization and use of the volume, clarity is enhanced by the inclu- sion of the section entitled “How to Use This Book,” as well as by the cross-refer- ences, see-also references, and the index. In addition, the book begins with a list of abbreviations and their meanings. The Encyclopedia addresses library and information science (and related) topics as broad as communication and informatics and as specific as Roman libraries in Af- rica and library associations in Central America. As might be expected, some tan- gential terms, such as Web master, are de- fined in less detail than are others. It is unrealistic to assume that any one volume could provide complete and even coverage of library systems and services on all continents and in all countries. Thus, one concern relates to the fact that the discussion of library history, services and challenges, policies, legislation, and client bases is not always even across con- tinents and countries, with some entries providing greater detail than others. In addition, one of the challenges as- sociated with a volume that covers such a broad international scope is the use of ter- minology by authors from one country that may be either less familiar or differ- ently interpreted by those in other coun- tries. For example, the description of librar- ies as one of a number of cultural indus- tries involves the use of two terms that have different meanings and different in- terpretations and, to provide adequate clarity, would likely require more attention than is appropriate in an encyclopedic entry. The discussion of codes of profes- sional conduct among various countries Book Reviews 181 demonstrates the difficulty in maintain- ing balance, ensuring comprehensiveness and breadth of coverage necessary in a reference source on the one hand and pro- viding a clear indication of the range of understanding of terminology and con- cepts in different parts of the world on the other. With regard to the discussion of professional codes of conduct, Bob Usherwood addresses one such distinc- tion. “There are also differences between the British and U.S. positions on the pro- motion of material the purpose of which is to encourage discrimination on grounds of race, colour, creed, gender or sexual orientation. These differences re- flect the tension in trying to accommodate two ethical concerns: intellectual freedom and social responsibility.” It is clear that there is difficulty for an encyclopedia en- try for one term to provide the depth of analysis needed to indicate the societal and cultural distinctions associated with the use and understanding of related ter- minology, therefore supporting the inclu- sion of recommended sources for further reading. There also are some concerns that re- late to the actual content covered or to the indexing. For example, the legislative acts presented represent mainly British library legislation. A few of the more important acts in the United States, such as CIPA and the USA Patriot Act, do not appear to have been addressed in the entries on censor- ship, children, and public libraries (nor are they indexed). Certainly, one of the challenges associated with the develop- ment of content for a reference source of this type is the need for broad coverage that is not time specific and is still authori- tative even after legislative and judicial decisions are made and organizational interpretations come into play. Although the topics of women in librarianship and gay and lesbian librar- ians are addressed, racial and ethnic mi- nority librarians are not indexed or ad- dressed similarly. Nor is the issue of di- versity in librarianship mentioned in the entries for management and administra- tion, collection development, and services to various user populations. The issue of diversity is addressed in entries such as Louise Robbins’s “North American Li- braries and Librarianship”; however, it is not indexed. The second edition of the International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Sci- ence is a substantive and comprehensive addition to the reference literature in li- brary and information science. It is an important resource for the practitioner and, based on the coverage of issues in related fields, for practitioners and those conducting basic research in similar ar- eas.—Mark Winston, Rutgers University. Libraries in Open Societies: Proceedings of the Fifth International Slavic Li- brarians’ Conference. Ed. Harold M. Leich. Binghamton, N.Y.: Haworth, 2002. 264p. alk. paper, $39.95 (ISBN 078901968X). LC 2002-5936. This volume of twenty-two papers from the Fifth International Slavic Librarians’ Conference, held in Tallinn, Estonia, in July 2000, provides an overview of a field that has changed dramatically in the past three decades, especially since the fall of the Soviet Union. Meticulously edited by Harold M. Leich, Russian Area Specialist in the European Division of the Library of Congress, these essays address a multitude of topics in Slavic and East European librarianship, ranging from traditional ones such as collection development to the opportunities afforded by new technolo- gies. The essays likewise reflect the ongo- ing political and economic transformations of the countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. As Marianna Tax Choldin points out in the opening essay of the volume, the international network- ing of Slavic librarians today is a far cry from the early efforts of a handful of li- brarians to attain an international presence in 1974 as part of the newly formed Inter- national Committee for Soviet and East European Studies. 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