reviews Book Reviews 181 demonstrates the difficulty in maintain- ing balance, ensuring comprehensiveness and breadth of coverage necessary in a reference source on the one hand and pro- viding a clear indication of the range of understanding of terminology and con- cepts in different parts of the world on the other. With regard to the discussion of professional codes of conduct, Bob Usherwood addresses one such distinc- tion. “There are also differences between the British and U.S. positions on the pro- motion of material the purpose of which is to encourage discrimination on grounds of race, colour, creed, gender or sexual orientation. These differences re- flect the tension in trying to accommodate two ethical concerns: intellectual freedom and social responsibility.” It is clear that there is difficulty for an encyclopedia en- try for one term to provide the depth of analysis needed to indicate the societal and cultural distinctions associated with the use and understanding of related ter- minology, therefore supporting the inclu- sion of recommended sources for further reading. There also are some concerns that re- late to the actual content covered or to the indexing. For example, the legislative acts presented represent mainly British library legislation. A few of the more important acts in the United States, such as CIPA and the USA Patriot Act, do not appear to have been addressed in the entries on censor- ship, children, and public libraries (nor are they indexed). Certainly, one of the challenges associated with the develop- ment of content for a reference source of this type is the need for broad coverage that is not time specific and is still authori- tative even after legislative and judicial decisions are made and organizational interpretations come into play. Although the topics of women in librarianship and gay and lesbian librar- ians are addressed, racial and ethnic mi- nority librarians are not indexed or ad- dressed similarly. Nor is the issue of di- versity in librarianship mentioned in the entries for management and administra- tion, collection development, and services to various user populations. The issue of diversity is addressed in entries such as Louise Robbins’s “North American Li- braries and Librarianship”; however, it is not indexed. The second edition of the International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Sci- ence is a substantive and comprehensive addition to the reference literature in li- brary and information science. It is an important resource for the practitioner and, based on the coverage of issues in related fields, for practitioners and those conducting basic research in similar ar- eas.—Mark Winston, Rutgers University. Libraries in Open Societies: Proceedings of the Fifth International Slavic Li- brarians’ Conference. Ed. Harold M. Leich. Binghamton, N.Y.: Haworth, 2002. 264p. alk. paper, $39.95 (ISBN 078901968X). LC 2002-5936. This volume of twenty-two papers from the Fifth International Slavic Librarians’ Conference, held in Tallinn, Estonia, in July 2000, provides an overview of a field that has changed dramatically in the past three decades, especially since the fall of the Soviet Union. Meticulously edited by Harold M. Leich, Russian Area Specialist in the European Division of the Library of Congress, these essays address a multitude of topics in Slavic and East European librarianship, ranging from traditional ones such as collection development to the opportunities afforded by new technolo- gies. The essays likewise reflect the ongo- ing political and economic transformations of the countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. As Marianna Tax Choldin points out in the opening essay of the volume, the international network- ing of Slavic librarians today is a far cry from the early efforts of a handful of li- brarians to attain an international presence in 1974 as part of the newly formed Inter- national Committee for Soviet and East European Studies. The contributors to this book, pub- lished simultaneously as a special issue of Slavic & East European Information Resources (vol. 3, no. 2/3, 2002), represent librarians, 182 College & Research Libraries March 2004 scholars, and other Slavic and Eastern European studies specialists from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, the Czech Re- public, England, Estonia, France, Ger- many, Latvia, Russia, and the United States. The essays are organized into six sections: collection development, full-text databases, electronic information delivery, preservation of Slavic collections, journals in Slavic and East European librarianship, and Baltic collections outside the Baltic countries. Most of the articles are short, only a handful of them longer than fifteen pages. The volume includes an index, and each article is well organized with a sum- mary, ample headings, and extensive bib- liographical and explanatory notes. Although several of the authors de- scribe various collections and address tra- ditional topics such as collection-building and preservation, a larger proportion of the articles is devoted to various facets of electronic information-sharing and deliv- ery. Among these are discussions of sev- eral digitizing projects, such as the efforts to reconstruct the collections of the Na- tional and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina by creating digital ar- chives and a project at Indiana Univer- sity to convert the primary index of So- viet serials to a word-searchable database that can be mounted on the Web. As in all other fields, the Internet and the Web have opened up an array of pos- sibilities for information and resource- sharing, and offerings on the Web continue to grow daily. Several of the authors speak to the possibilities offered by the Web, in- cluding creation of an international online bibliography of Slavic and East European studies and the many networks of librar- ies that have developed in Russia result- ing from the rapid growth of the Internet. This volume itself is a testament to the growing role of the Internet for Slavic and East European librarianship, with its nu- merous references to Russian, Latvian, and other Web sites, and e-mail addresses for all but one of the contributors to this col- lection. And much to the credit of the edi- tor and my delight, all the interesting sounding URLs that I tried actually worked! As someone who has worked for many years in a library with a strong ex- change program, I was particularly inter- ested in the two papers that posed argu- ments against exchanges as a primary means of acquisition from the former So- viet Union and Eastern Europe, as well as the ensuing discussions of reasons and alternatives. Without a doubt, for many libraries and collections exchange is no longer the cost-effective acquisitions tool that it once was. Not only has there been widespread growth in commercial ven- dors able to supply materials more effi- ciently than through exchange agree- ments, but Western researchers them- selves are now able to visit areas formerly closed to them and provide their institu- tions with materials not available else- where. However, there remain those in- stitutions and specialized libraries for which limited exchanges make sense, es- pecially with countries still lacking firmly established vendor sources. Perhaps because this conference was held in one of the Baltic countries, five of the twenty-two papers cover Baltic top- ics. This was especially welcome to some- one who has spent half a century explain- ing just exactly what and where Latvia, the country where I was born, is. Three of the articles address Baltic collections in North America, Germany, and the United Kingdom. One describes a project to compile a database of Latvian calen- dars, or almanacs, from 1750 to 1919. An- other traces the history of an Estonian li- brary journal. Index to advertisers Annual Reviews 92 Archival Products 176 CHOICE 122 Haworth Press 91 Idea Group cover 2 Library Technologies cover 3 Libraries Unlimited 94 Optical Society of America 151 Paratext 186 Science Direct cover 4 Book Reviews 183 Libraries in Open Societies presents an excellent overview of a rapidly changing area in international librarianship. The topics and concerns addressed by the authors illustrate both the challenges and solutions offered by technology and their application to specific projects and needs. Although the volume relates specifically to Slavic and East European librarianship, many of the articles would be of interest to anyone engaged in digitizing efforts, resource-sharing, bibliographic projects, or international cooperation.—Maija M. Lutz, Harvard University. Schonfeld, Roger C. JSTOR: A History. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Pr., 2003. 412p. acid-free paper, $29.95 cloth (ISBN 0691115311). LC 2002-035907. When I mentioned to my coworkers that I had been invited to review a book on the history of JSTOR, most were sur- prised to learn that anyone would even think of writing such a book and many wondered if anyone would want to read it. Although at first I shared some of these feelings, they dissipated quickly as I read the first chapter. In fact, when I finished reading the book, I found my- self eager for the next installment. The key to the value of this book is that JSTOR represents a unique, mission- driven experiment in scholarly commu- nications. From the beginning, JSTOR has focused on the mission of providing a high-quality back-issue archive of core scholarly journals as a service, and not a profit-making enterprise, to the aca- demic and research community. In writ- ing this history, Roger C. Schonfeld, a re- search associate at the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, was given access to JSTOR internal documents (minutes, re- ports, correspondence, personal notes, etc.), conducted detailed interviews with all of the major figures, and consulted numerous articles from a variety of pub- lications. These sources enabled him to describe and analyze the major issues and events in great detail. The result is a highly detailed, but very readable, his- tory of a unique nonprofit organization. Following a useful introduction and detailed time line, Schonfeld begins the body of the book with five chapters that trace the history of JSTOR from its begin- nings as an idea in 1993 to its emergence in 1995 as an independent organization. The idea that ultimately led to the creation of JSTOR came to William G. Bowen (president of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and a trustee of Denison Uni- versity) when he learned that Denison’s library was rapidly running out of space. Bowen believed that libraries could save large amounts of space by withdrawing extended back runs of print journals and replacing them with a reliable and high- quality digital archive, alleviating the pressure for expansion or new construc- tion. This goal of saving space was the driving force behind the project that Bowen proposed to the board of the Mellon Foundation. Schonfeld carefully documents how Bowen insisted that the archive be of the highest quality, reason- ably priced, and made as widely avail- able on campus as possible. Bowen also believed that cover-to-cover indexing should be provided and that the archive should contain not only archival-quality images of each page of the journal, but also searchable full text. With authoriza- tion from the Mellon board, Bowen and his colleagues began the search for an organization that would be willing and able to take on this pilot project. The search quickly led to the University of Michigan, which already had developed software that could be modified to pro- vide the required searching capability. Schonfeld notes that the agreement with Michigan was unfortunately vague in certain respects, resulting in many diffi- culties down the road. Perhaps the most significant of these was the failure to an- ticipate problems that would arise in the relationship with the vendor selected to digitize the journals. Rights to the soft- ware that Michigan developed to support searching the archive also were not clearly defined. By the end of 1994, indications that the project was viable—but also far too complex for him to handle on his << /ASCII85EncodePages false /AllowTransparency false /AutoPositionEPSFiles true /AutoRotatePages /All /Binding /Left /CalGrayProfile (Dot Gain 20%) /CalRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CalCMYKProfile (U.S. Web Coated \050SWOP\051 v2) /sRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CannotEmbedFontPolicy /Warning /CompatibilityLevel 1.3 /CompressObjects /Tags /CompressPages true /ConvertImagesToIndexed true /PassThroughJPEGImages true /CreateJobTicket false /DefaultRenderingIntent /Default /DetectBlends true /DetectCurves 0.0000 /ColorConversionStrategy /CMYK /DoThumbnails false /EmbedAllFonts true /EmbedOpenType false /ParseICCProfilesInComments true /EmbedJobOptions true /DSCReportingLevel 0 /EmitDSCWarnings false /EndPage -1 /ImageMemory 1048576 /LockDistillerParams false /MaxSubsetPct 1 /Optimize true /OPM 1 /ParseDSCComments true /ParseDSCCommentsForDocInfo true /PreserveCopyPage true /PreserveDICMYKValues true /PreserveEPSInfo true /PreserveFlatness false /PreserveHalftoneInfo true /PreserveOPIComments false /PreserveOverprintSettings true /StartPage 1 /SubsetFonts false /TransferFunctionInfo /Apply /UCRandBGInfo /Preserve /UsePrologue false /ColorSettingsFile () /AlwaysEmbed [ true ] /NeverEmbed [ true ] /AntiAliasColorImages false /CropColorImages false /ColorImageMinResolution 151 /ColorImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleColorImages true /ColorImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /ColorImageResolution 300 /ColorImageDepth -1 /ColorImageMinDownsampleDepth 1 /ColorImageDownsampleThreshold 1.10000 /EncodeColorImages true /ColorImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterColorImages true /ColorImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /ColorACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /ColorImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000ColorImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages false /GrayImageMinResolution 151 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.10000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /GrayImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000GrayImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages false /MonoImageMinResolution 600 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.16667 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict << /K -1 >> /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False /CreateJDFFile false /Description << /ENU (IPC Print Services, Inc. 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