witte.indd Selected Reference Works, 2004–2005 1 Sarah Witte and Mary Cargill This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued first by Eugene Sheehy and then by Eileen McIlvaine. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AC527) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996). Religion Encyclopedia of Christian Theology. Ed. Jean-Yves Lacoste. New York: Routledge, 2005. 3 vols. $495 (ISBN 1-57958-250-8). LC 2004-4150. Originally published as the Dictionnaire Critique de Théologie, edited by Jean-Yves Lacoste and Paul Beauchamp (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1998. 1298p.), the publishers of the English- language Encyclopedia also had access to French additions and modifications intended for a then-future second French edition; the Encyclopedia’s introduction states that this is a translation of the sec- ond edition of the French original. Christian theology is defined by the editor as “the massive amount of dis- course and doctrines that Christianity has assembled about God and its experience of God…, the fruits of a kind of covenant between the Greek logos and the Chris- tian restructuring of the Jewish experi- ence” (p. vii). Thus, this comprehensive work does not a empt to cover all aspects of Christianity but, rather, the tradition of its rational, structured thought. More than 500 alphabetically arranged subjects are covered in 1,816 pages. Essays are scholarly, and most are followed by bib- liographies containing citations mainly to French and German works published up to the mid-1990s. The index should be consulted for subfields or alternative subject names as some of the article titles (“Childhood, Spiritual,” “Hellenization of Christianity”) may not be anticipated by the reader. The choice and length of some articles may seem to favor topics of interest to French Catholics—the article on “Chartres, School of” is almost four pages long, whereas “Zwingli” gets two pages—but such arbitrariness does not compromise the value of this work’s non- sectarian and critical essays. Along with the excellent Oxford Companion to Christian Thought (2000), this is one of the few gen- eral English-language theology encyclo- Sarah Wi e and Mary Cargill are reference librarians in Butler Library at Columbia University; e-mail: spurgin@columbia.edu and cargill@columbia.edu. Although it appears under a byline, this list is a project of the reference departments of Columbia University Libraries and notes are signed with the initials of one of the following staff members: Barbara Sykes-Austin, Avery Library; Seth Kasten, Burke Library; Nancy Friedland, Karen Green, Anice Mills, Junko Stuveras, John Tofanelli, Butler Library; Breck Wi e, Library Systems Office; Kathleen Dreyer, Business and Economics Library; Elizabeth Davis, Music Library; and Fadi H. Dagher, Lehman Social Sciences Library. 456 mailto:cargill@columbia.edu mailto:spurgin@columbia.edu Selected Reference Works, 2004–2005 457 pedias of quality to have been published in recent years and is essential to most academic reference collections.—S.K. Literature Dictionnaire de Michel de Montaigne. Ed. Philippe Desan. Paris: Champion, 2004. 1,057p. 148€ (ISBN 2-7453-1142-5). Dictionnaire Marcel Proust. Ed. Annick Bouillaguet and Brian G. Rogers. Paris: Champion, 2004. 1,098p. 100€ (ISBN 2-7453-0956-0). These two titles are recent additions to Dictionnaires & Références, a series of liter- ary dictionaries that began in 1996 with a dictionary on Jean-Jacques Rousseau. So far, some fourteen volumes have been published on individual authors, schools, genres, and themes. Each represents the efforts of many scholars; there are forty contributors to the Proust volume and almost a hundred international contribu- tors for Montaigne. All the articles are signed and accompanied by a selected bibliography. As a dictionary of about 1,000 pages, each provides a good starting point of research and is a quick reference tool. Entries address major themes of the author’s works, characters, place names both real and imaginary, and historical events of the times (e.g., Saint-Barthélemy, the Dreyfus affair). An author’s biographi- cal background, his time, his essential ideas, and contemporary and posthu- mous critical appraisals are condensed in 500 to 600 relatively short entries. The dictionaries reflect the current state of research on each author and draw their strength from the international collabora- tion of scholars. Recommended for college and uni- versity libraries as well as large public libraries serving specialists in French studies.—J.S. Merry, Bruce. Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Pr., 2004. 515p. $125 (ISBN 0-313-30813-6). LC 2003-027500. Stepping in to fill a long-standing void, Bruce Merry has provided the first Eng- lish-language reference work on modern Greek literature. Simply identifying the time period embraced by the appellation “modern” can be quite a challenge when it comes to Greek literature, and Merry devotes his introduction to enumerating the competing claims; these range from the 1000 CE appearance of Byzantine vernacular texts to the seventeenth-cen- tury “Cretan Renaissance” to the past 200 years only (the Library of Congress, incidentally, assigns the starting point of modern Greek to 1453 [i.e., the fall of Constantinople to the Turks]). Merry has chosen the most capacious of these op- tions, fi ing a thousand years of literary history into 900 alphabetically arranged entries in just over 500 pages. Despite the constraints of space, Merry aspires to cover “significant themes, au- thors, movements, novels, ba les, events, or poems” and is largely successful. His literary focus is clear in entries such as “Film” or “Television,” which concentrate less on noteworthy productions than on the literary works that served as sources. Merry also includes entries on such auxil- iary subjects as rhetorical terms, pronun- ciation, and the accent reform of 1982. Most entries are a thousand words or longer. This depth is most notable in entries on luminaries of modern Greek literature such as Constantine Cavafy, Alexandros Papadiamantes, and George Seferis. (Be warned, however, that the Anglicization of many of these names is not in line with Library of Congress pro- tocols, and no variants are listed.) Another lengthy entry addresses the “Language Question” or the debate over what variety of Greek could, or should, become the official national language. Readers of online or journal forums on modern Greek literature and history are well aware of the heated political debates always at a simmer, which o en erupt full boil. Merry treads carefully on politics for the most part, presenting the political views of authors such as Nikos Kazantzakis in their own words or http:affair).An 458 College & Research Libraries September 2005 outlining Marxist philosophies ma er-of- factly in an entry on “Class Struggle.” He avoids the question of Greek minorities, mentioning the Vlachs, for example, only tangentially in the entry on “Macedonia.” On the other hand, he pulls no punches in his entry on the “Colonels’ Junta,” lay- ing out the junta’s history of persecution and torture. In recognition of his Anglophone audi- ence, Merry provides primarily English- language titles in the bibliography for each entry. However, he follows the body of the book with more than twelve pages of further bibliography, including many titles in Greek as well as other Western languages. Boldfaced terms in the introduction and in individual entries serve as cross- references to additional information. Other access points include an alpha- betical list of all entry titles for quick skimming and an extensive index. Merry also includes a four-page time line of Greek history, stretching from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE to the parliamentary triumph of Prime Minister Constantine Simitis’ Panhellenic Socialist Movement in 1997. As mentioned earlier, this is the only such reference work in English, which in itself makes the work almost indispens- able for institutions offering programs in modern Greek. Luckily, it is also a well- cra ed reference work, which makes it a must.—K.G. The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature. Ed. Jay Parini. New York: Oxford University Pr., 2004. 4 vols. il. $495 (ISBN 0-19-515653-6). LC 2002- 156325. This encyclopedia “represents an a empt, necessarily limited by space, to provide a comprehensive discussion of literary practices within the United States from colonial times to the present” (Pref.). It features 338 signed entries by more than 180 contributors. Each entry falls into one of three “general conceptual categories”: author, work, or theme. The cumulative index provides access to main entries and the authors, works, and topics discussed within them. The target audience is the “so-called general reader,” a term specified to include high school and university stu- dents and the interested general public. On the whole, entries (many wri en by scholars who have published on the topic) are clear, accessible, and a entive to recent developments in scholarship and criticism. Each entry is followed by a help- ful “see also” list of entries and by a bib- liography. Bibliographies vary in length and thoroughness: some are annotated fully, others selectively, and others not at all. Related bibliographies can be found at the end of “see also” entries. Entries on themes or works appear to have offered contributors considerable liberty in setting the terms, tone, and scope of the discussion. Such liberty has not been exercised consistently with the general reader’s benefit in mind. At the positive end of the helpful- ness spectrum, the theme entry “Native American Literature” takes the reader back to beginnings and carefully dis- tinguishes between oral traditions and their written or published representa- tions. “‘Bartleby the Scrivener’” provides nuanced, provocative, and historically informed discussion. Near the other end of the spectrum, “Sentimental Literature” includes too much that is dense and dif- ficult. “Sentimentality,” it informs us, “is the set of symbolic gestures used to shape common sense through the simultaneous deployment of both conservative and generative impulses.” For whom is this wri en? “The Glass Menagerie” errs by se ing the bar too low, depending largely on a scene-by-scene summary of the play. (Why? It’s not exactly Orlando Furioso.) Contributors were not provided “much in the way of restraining orders” (Pref.). This is precisely the problem; and perhaps a more positive vision of the editorial function would have helped. The statement of this encyclopedia’s historical scope as “from colonial times to the present” is true on the surface, yet, Selected Reference Works, 2004–2005 459 at a deeper level, misleading. Four-fi hs of the 241 author entries are allocated to twentieth-century authors; 36 of the 45 work entries focus on twentieth-century works. Much of the coverage for authors, works, and contexts of earlier centuries is provided through discussions within sur- vey-oriented theme entries. Lydia Maria Child, for example, is chiefly discussed in entries on two of the genres in which she wrote (the essay and sentimental literature). However, it is impossible to piece together a coherent picture of her career from these disparate discussions. Showcasing of the twentieth century has basically resulted in an unhelpful fore- shortening of prior literary history. The degree of coverage allo ed to any author who is not the focus of a dedicated author entry seems largely a ma er of hit or miss. Some authors who have had sub- stantial impact on a general readership (e.g., Fannie Hurst, William Inge, H. P. Lovecra , and Dawn Powell) are merely mentioned in passing. Charles Brockden Brown (whose widespread persistence on graduate and undergraduate syllabi can be confirmed by a simple Google search) fares even worse. If the index, from which his name is absent, can be trusted, he is never mentioned. “Literary practices” are ordinarily un- derstood to encompass social, economic, and technical aspects as well as personal ones. Therefore, it is curious that the index does not identify the book trade, literacy, printing, or publishing as topics discussed. Some key publicly performed literary types—hymns, sermons, and oratory—likewise go unlisted. In some cases, the index itself is guilty of omis- sion: the book trade should be listed for III, 387–88; as should sermons for I, 291. In other cases, the spirit of omission is in the entries themselves. “Widespread literacy” is mentioned as one of the con- ditions for the growth of colonial poetry, yet no explanation of what “widespread literacy” meant at the time is forthcom- ing. By way of contrast, the index does identify numerous discussions under oral tradition, television, and the Internet. All these are deserving topics, but no more so than those mentioned above. General readers who are truly in search of comprehensive coverage will find themselves much be er served by The Oxford Companion to American Literature (BE435), now in its sixth edition. The Companion provides basic information regarding an extensive and widely var- ied range of authors and works. It also maintains a dependable consistency in its conceptual entries. Its brief entry on Puri- tanism describes the relationship between Puritanism and the Church of England more plainly than does the Encyclopedia’s eleven-page entry “Puritanism: The Sense of an Unending.” Many users will, nevertheless, find value and comfort in the expansive and engaging approach characteristic of this encyclopedia at its best. Libraries that already own the Companion, along with the similarly helpful Oxford Companion to Women’s Writing in the United States and The Oxford Companion to African American Literature, will want to consider adding this Encyclopedia to their collection.—J.T. Art and Design Paterson, Ian. A Dictionary of Colour: A Lexicon of the Language of Colour. Lon- don: Thorogood, 2004. 520p. $30 (ISBN 1-854183-75-3). LC 2004-351467. This is a black-and-white book about color or, rather, words that describe color. It makes for interesting reading because the author himself admits that “any at- tempt to define any particular colour merely by means of words is doomed to failure… Rather, the purpose of this work is to provide a treasury of words of, or concerning colour, and to do so in a way which is inviting enough to encourage readers to dabble” (Introd.). In this, the book is successful not only because it lists names for thousands of colors, but because it ventures beyond the traditional spectrum to include words and phrases that have wider cultural 460 College & Research Libraries September 2005 connotations and, conversely, many that are rarely, if ever, used anywhere but in technical manuals. British spelling and usage are another variable for American readers. Aspects of light and dark, and words indicating markings or pa erns also are included. The main part of the dictionary is an alphabetical list of terms with their definitions, which can be as brief as a single word (e.g., “black lead” is defined as “graphite”) or as long as the full paragraphs needed to explain “black- le er” or “blackmail.” This is indeed a book for “dabblers” who may take plea- sure in seeing such terms as “grey goo,” “Bikini alert colours,” and “leucipotomy” (var. “leucippotomy”), which is that very specialized art of carving white horses out of hillsides. Each entry is preceded by a code le er identifying it as an adjective, adverb, color, noun, prefix, suffix, or verb, with the legend reproduced on every fourth page. There are four appendixes: colour phrases; the colours in alphabetical order; colours in colour order; and adjectives of colour. The color phrases include “blonde bombshell” and “dark horse,” “red carpet treatment” and “white bread,” and are given brief definitions, with distinctions made among British, Australian, and American usage. The colours in alphabeti- cal order sets out a chart of 21 characteris- tics, such as black, blue, dark, gold, light, metallic, pearl, purple, red, white, etc., and applies a corresponding le er code to over 1,100 colors arranged in alpha- betical order. The colours in colour order use the same 21 characteristics applied to the same words, only here they are ar- ranged as the colors would appear in the spectrum, from various forms of black to whites and yellows. Eight hundred adjectives listed in the final appendix are identified with one of 28 characteristics, many similar to those in the previous two lists, but with the addition of such a ributes as “changing colour” or “no colour” or “pa ern word.” An example of the last is the last word in the dictionary: “zebra-striped.” This is a very enjoyable book, probably most useful to wordsmiths seeking to render a more vivid, delicate, or subtle image than standard dictionary terms or thesauri might provide. One thesaurus in particular, however, does define colors as precisely as it is possible to do: the Art and Architecture Thesaurus Online produced by the Ge y Research Institute (h p://www. ge y.edu/research/conducting_research/ vocabularies/aat/) can provide those who write about or catalog art with precise information about color arranged in hier- archical facets (such as physical a ributes, paint, scientific concepts, etc.). Paterson’s book is a bit idiosyncratic (rather a lot of exclamation points in the definitions), but highly readable and a good place for ideas about what makes us so receptive to color, whether in print or in real life.—B.S.-A. Woodham, Jonathan M. A Dictionary of Modern Design. New York: Oxford Univ. Pr., 2004. 520p. il. $45 (ISBN 0- 19-280097-3). LC 2004-024897. If one is looking for a concise essay on the influence of design in the past 150 years, particularly in Britain, emerging as a result of the explosive growth of nine- teenth- and twentieth-century industrial processes, manufactured products and advertising as an academic discipline distinct from art history, or the reasons for the recent proliferation of design muse- ums, the introduction to this volume will serve as a useful guide. It opens up the notion of an implicit a ribution of good taste and high style to any object defined as “designed” or to anyone whose profes- sion is that of “designer” to “many of the wider social, political, cultural, economic, and technological circumstances in which [an object] is manufactured, marketed, and consumed” (Introd). Thus, “the vast majority of entries [there appear to be about 1,000] relate to mass-produced goods, designers and manufacturers, critics and theorists, al- though key entries relating to fields such as graphics and clothing design have also been included.” A useful indication Selected Reference Works, 2004–2005 461 of coverage is to be found in the bibli- ography, which is classified according to general introductory texts, design atlas (geographical coverage, primarily Western but with some attention paid to Asian and Far Eastern design), major design movements, and a collection of topics that include corporate and retail design, criticism, the design profession, gender and design, and green (i.e., envi- ronmental) design. A time line from 1840 to 2003 identifies the formation of design groups and organizations, companies and corporations, landmark designs (e.g., furniture, wallpaper, ceramics, etc.), and contemporary technology, processes, and materials with key exhibitions and publi- cations, and major world events. A chart preceding the time lines lays out the life spans of major aesthetic and technological movements from 1860 to 2000; these are: Arts and Cra s Movement, Art Nouveau, Wiener Werksta e, Fordism, Futurism, Czech Cubism, Constructivism, Art Deco, De Stijl, Modernism and the International Style, Pop, Postmodernism, and Punk. The only illustrations are those that identify sections for le ers of the alphabet. These are signature designs printed in black and white, and credited in the list of illustra- tions at the beginning of the book. It is worthwhile here to note the publi- cation, also in 2004, of the revised edition of Mel Byars’s Design Encyclopedia. It is illustrated in color on most pages and provides a wealth of names of designers and firms, with short entries organized neatly by history, exhibitions, and/or bibliography. In fact, the Design Encyclo- pedia functions more as a biographical dictionary, whereas Woodham’s Diction- ary of Modern Design reads more like an encyclopedia. Both cover roughly the same chronological period, from the mid- to late nineteenth century to the present, but the Dictionary a empts a more contex- tual approach, reflecting a philosophy its author makes plain at the outset: “Design is present in all aspects of daily life… It influences the appearance of everything encountered during the course of a day.” Never more so, it seems, than at present. Between them, these two books can help further an understanding of how today’s saturation of consumer goods, and the ubiquitous advertising promoting them, fits into the history of design, and what it really means to be a designer.—B.S.-A. Music Hixon, Donald L. Music Abbreviations: A Reverse Dictionary. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 2005. 226p. $29.95 (0-8108- 4834-1). LC 2004-021561. This work is presented in two parts: a Dictionary of 3,000 abbreviations, acro- nyms, and initialisms for musical terms, monograph and serial titles, academic degrees, record labels, music so ware and computer programs, organizations, performing groups, music facsimiles and manuscripts, notation conventions, and chant designations. Focus is on classical music (e.g., K.V., Kochel-Verzeichnis; ICS, International Clarinet Society; Kbd., keyboard), although entries related to folk and jazz are represented (ICTM, In- ternational Council for Traditional Music; JazzF, Jazzforschung). The Reverse Dictionary follows, with full information for every term in the Dictionary, but with additional cross- reference entries for forms in other lan- guages, title histories of journals, variant names for organizations, etc. All for- eign-language entities are found in the Dictionary under the English form of the name; cross-references in all languages to the English form are contained in the Reverse Dictionary. Very useful for both the specialist and novice user.—E.D. Russell, Tony. Country Music Records: A Discography, 1921–1942, with editorial research by Bob Pinson, assisted by the staff of the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum. New York: Oxford Univ. Pr., 2004. 1,183p. $95 (0- 19-513989-5). LC 2002-022464. Country Music Records documents an important genre of American music by providing a comprehensive discography 462 College & Research Libraries September 2005 to recordings that “were designed to be sold principally to a market identified by the sellers as largely white, initially south- ern, and substantially composed of rural or small-town dwellers” (Introd.). Almost exclusively, these include 78 rpm recordings made by commercial companies for sale through normal re- tail outlets. The recordings were made chiefly in the U.S. by about twenty-three recording companies, although another twenty-odd companies from the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and India are represented. The initial identification of country music was made by the com- panies that identified these recordings through segregated numerical listings within their catalogs. A erwards, vari- ous genres were added, including tunes played on a fiddle, banjo, other instru- ments, traditional ballads, love songs, comic songs, ragtime, popular, cowboy songs, blues, Cajun music, and western swing. Although even some blues and jazz works came to be identified as coun- try, African-American music is generally excluded here, except for some collabora- tions by white and black musicians. The first recordings of the Vaughan Quartet in 1921 provide the starting date; 1942 was adopted as the closing date in ac- cordance with most other discographies of American vernacular music, as this year is seen as the time when styles of performances in popular music changed radically. The approximately 5,500 entries are arranged by last name of approximately 272 artists, with chronological subar- rangement. Each entry contains personnel and instrumentation (the rationale for the order of instruments is explained in the introductory ma er), location and date of recording session, matrix number, take numbers and le ers (includes all takes that are known for unissued recordings), the recording title and issue number, and miscellaneous notes. Interfiled with these full entries are cross- references that lead from pseudonyms to real names, from performers who are not the main entry to recordings in which they appear, and explanatory references that explain omissions. This is a comprehensive work under- taken by the compiler with the aid of numerous collectors, as well as personnel from the Country Music Foundation, and with some funding from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Na- tional Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.—E.D. Folklore El-Shamy, Hasan. Types of the Folktale in the Arab World: A Demographically Ori- ented Tale-Type Index. Bloomington: In- diana Univ. Pr., 2004. 1255p. $75 (ISBN 0-253-34447-6). LC 2004-007894. This index is based on the tale-type system devised by Antii Aarne and Stith Thompson in their Types of the Folktale: A Classification and Bibliography (CF45). Because Thompson’s Motif-Index of Folk- Literature (CF49) has few Arab sources, this, to some extent, is an extension of that work and greatly expands the coverage of folk literature. The work, which includes an outline of the Aarne-Thompson classification scheme (saving a great deal of back and forth), has a detailed breakdown of the motifs in each tale type, followed by refer- ences to the sources in several languages, primarily Arabic, English, French, and German. The bibliography of sources follows the index, though it might have been be er to put the bibliography at the beginning because it is easy to miss. There is also a register of motifs, a register of countries where the tales origi- nated, and a tale-type subject index. It can be used in conjunction with Hasan El- Shamy’s Folk Traditions of the Arab World: A Guide to Motif Classification (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Pr., 1995. 2v.) to locate spe- cific stories when the reader has found a motif. Both works are intended for schol- arly use and can be fairly intimidating, but the wealth of material they provide make them indispensable guides to the folklore of the Arab world.—M.C. Selected Reference Works, 2004–2005 463 Sociology Encyclopedia of Social Measurement. Ed. Kimberly Kempf-Leonard. Boston: Elsevier Academic Pr., 2005. 3 vols. il. $760 (ISBN 0-12-443890-3). LC 2004- 104292. This unique encyclopedia is a compilation of work by a group of scholars of various knowledge and expertise in the social sci- ence disciplines. Its goal is to bring down the walls of isolation and “encourage ex- ploration across the social sciences.” The Encyclopedia provides “transdisciplinary descriptions of quantitative and qualita- tive techniques, measurement, sampling, and statistical methods” required for observing social phenomena. The more than 350 alphabetically arranged peer-reviewed articles in the three-volume set cover the field of social measurement. The signed entries feature a glossary of key terms, a concise synoptic outline, cross-referencing to related ar- ticles, and a useful bibliography. To facili- tate finding information, the Encyclopedia provides a list of contributors, including association; an alphabetical listing of en- tries by volume; a list of contents under eleven subject areas; a chapter on how to use the encyclopedia; a list of reviewers; and a comprehensive subject index (at the end of volume three). An open gateway to histories and back- ground information, data and case stud- ies, theories and methods, applications and implications, research techniques and strategies, the Encyclopedia is highly recommended to upper-division under- graduates and graduate students, faculty, and professional practitioners.—F.H.D. Race and Ethnic Studies Encyclopedia of Black Studies. Ed. Molefi Kete Asante and Ama Mazama. Thou- sand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2005. 568p. il. $150 (ISBN: 0-7619-2762- X). LC 2004-40100991. Cashmore, Ellis. Encyclopedia of Race and Ethnic Studies. New York: Routledge, 2004. 512p. $150 (ISBN: 0-415-28674-3). LC 2003-046697. These two authoritative works focus on different aspects of ethnic studies and enhance an already established collection of existing works in the field. The Ency- clopedia of Black Studies opens with a brief history and description of the intellectual field of Black Studies. Developed from founding editor Asante’s concept for the Journal of Black Studies, this one-volume reference source covers economic, politi- cal, sociological, historical, literary, and philosophical issues related to Americans of African descent in an effort to provide the “full measure of the state of Black Studies.” Designed to serve “as a source for the most used ideas and concepts in the field,” signed entries by an impressive group of scholars are wri en in a readable essay style and include bibliographies for further reading. In addition to a list of alphabetical entries, a Reader’s Guide arranges entries by topical category such as concepts, movements, and theories. Appendices include a chronology of the development of Black Studies, a list of advanced-degree-granting programs and major journals in Black Studies, as well as a comprehensive bibliography of suggested resources. A broader, more global approach to the topic of race and ethnicity is offered in the one-volume Encyclopedia of Race and Eth- nic Studies compiled by Ellis Cashmore, professor of culture, media and sport at Staffordshire University. His goal is to provide “an understanding of the mean- ings, importance and implications of key terms, legal milestones, historically significant events, influential figures, il- luminating theories and concepts.” In- cluded are entries that shape the way we approach, examine, understand, or think about issues of race and ethnicity. Build- ing on the author’s previous Dictionary of Race and Ethnic Relations (1997), this new volume has short entries, many of them signed, that include cross-references and further readings. The content is broad- ened here to include issues of race and ethnicity from a European point of view, and although it can appear uneven in its 464 College & Research Libraries September 2005 choice of entry topics, it does cover such contemporary issues as September 11 and Islamophobia. Because the topics are so wide ranging, this volume would have benefited from a list of entries or some other mode of accessing the informa- tion aside from the index. Particularly valuable is the extensive list of Internet resources arranged by categories such as caste, genocide, human rights, and slavery. As complementary works, each of these reference volumes provides a different perspective on its subject mat- ter and, though expensive, each will be a useful addition to the literature in these fields.—A.M. Women’s Studies Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Des Sources pour l’Histoire des Femmes: Guide. Ed. Annick Tillier with Odile Faliu. Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale de France, 2004. 203p. il. 20€ (ISBN 2-7177-2322-6). This is an introduction to the resources for research in women’s studies in the French national library. The first section describes general research tools, including online catalogs, databases, and print sources. The guide then lists individual depart- ments of the BN and affiliated libraries, presenting their special collections and tools for research. This is followed by a bibliography of recent works on the history of women (pp.141–82), which is arranged by topic and indexed by proper name. The book has a very detailed table of contents that helps the reader locate sources for a spe- cific topic. Emphasis is on the interdisciplinary nature of women’s studies, and the guide includes tools for the use of nonprint ma- terials such as pictorial and audiovisual resources. Whether they are planning to do research in Paris or not, the bibliography of recent works should be useful to students in women’s studies. It includes a number of English-language works as well. Recommended for university libraries serving postgraduate researchers.—J.S. History The Encyclopedia of Chicago. Ed. James R. Grossman, Ann Durkin Keating, and Janice L. Reiff. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Pr., 2004. 1117p. il. $65 (ISBN 0-226-31015-9). LC 2004-003487. The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago: Chicago Historical Society, 2005. www.encyclopedia.chicagohis- tory.org. Free. This excellent encyclopedia, developed at The Newberry Library in cooperation with the Chicago Historical Society and supported by grants from the National Endowment of the Humanities and other public and private donors, could not be be er. It builds on existing scholarship while presenting entries resulting from substantial new research and field work undertaken during the ten-year project. Entries range in length from broad essays of 1,000 to 4,000 words provid- ing topical overviews (e.g., clothing and garment manufacturing, dance, film, homicide, classical music, literary images of Chicago, Poles, planning Chicago) to shorter entries addressing specific events, institutions, organizations, or places (e.g., Haymarket and May Day, Hyde Park, Soldier Field). All entries are signed with cross references and bibliographies. There also are twenty-one interpretive essays with extensive bibliographies. Authors of these essays “were asked to reflect on recent scholarship rather than provide comprehensive topical or chronologi- cal coverage.” (Introd.) These essays are indicated by a special symbol. The En- cyclopedia does not include biographical entries in the main section. Nearly every page is illustrated with black-and-white photographs, insets, or maps from the Newberry or other local collections. New maps were also created specifically for the Encyclopedia; for example, the Chicago Defender entry includes a map showing the southern distribution of the Defender. Moreover, maps were created to illustrate the dis- tribution of ethnic groups throughout the city, the migration of congregations across http:tory.org www.encyclopedia.chicagohis Selected Reference Works, 2004–2005 465 the city, or Indian se lement pa erns in the Chicago region. Thumbnail maps are included with every entry for the 298 incorporated municipalities in Cook, DuPage, McHenry, Lake, Will, and Kane counties, the 77 community areas within the city, and 33 neighborhoods. In addition to the main alphabetical list of entries, there are several color inserts: a time line, color maps, and an essay, “The City as Artifact: Above Ground Archae- ology of an Urban History.” Appendices include a dictionary of leading Chicago businesses 1820–2000; a biographical dictionary with 2,200 brief entries; a chart of Chicago’s mayors, listing election re- sults and opposing candidates; Chicago’s metropolitan population, giving data for counties, municipalities; and Chicago community areas at 30-year intervals from 1840 to 1990; illustration credits; map sources; and an excellent index. The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago, released in May 2005, makes the paper Encyclopedia accessible and fully search- able online and includes additional bio- graphical entries. It will remain static for the coming year and then will be updated regularly. Hyperlinks within the text pro- vide seamless navigation between entries, and the electronic encyclopedia integrates some sections of the print encyclopedia; here, a search for the Edgewater neighbor- hood combines the text of the Encyclopedia entry with the population tables found in the appendix. Although the electronic encyclopedia is free, the print volume is a beautifully produced book: the design, typography, quality of the paper, and, of course, the excellent scholarly research make this an indispensable reference work for any collection in American history or urban planning.—S.W. Encyclopedia of New Jersey. Ed. Maxine N. Lurie and Marc Mappen. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers Univ. Pr., 2004. 927p. il. $49.95 (ISBN 0-8135- 3325-2). LCCN 2003-021107. Do you know why so many New Yorkers are depressed? Because the light at the end of the tunnel is Jersey. It is this kind of “Jersey joke” (see entry in the encyclo- pedia) that the editors, both historians, would like to dispel. They believe New Jersey is interesting and that the state has many redeeming qualities. It is their hope that this volume will help New Jersey come out from the shadow cast by neighboring Philadelphia and New York City. New Jersey is a curiosity. One of the most densely populated states, it still retains the sobriquet “The Garden State.” A leading producer of blueberries, cran- berries, and some of the best tasting corn, tomatoes, and peaches, the state is more widely known for diners, shopping malls, the Turnpike and Parkway, and as a pass through on the way to somewhere else. Exquisite landscape lines the Delaware River on the west side while the eastern corridor is home to oil refineries and loading docks. The single volume is composed of 2,900 entries by more than 600 authors and is intended as a beginning point of research. Topical coverage is broad, including history, agriculture, business, govern- ment, politics, religion, weather, educa- tion, law, medicine, science, geography, transportation, art, architecture, sports, music and literature. Biographies are included for those individuals who were born, lived, or worked in the state. Some of the personal associations are fascinat- ing. Entries on individual counties and townships make the book particularly good for information on local governance bodies. Bibliographies are included and the articles are signed. The entries provide adequate infor- mation; however, the cross-referencing is uneven. For example, there is an indi- vidual entry for Beth Medrash Govoha, one of the most recognized yeshivas in the world. It is located in Lakewood. How- ever, it is not mentioned in the Lakewood entry, and no cross-reference is provided in either entry. If a user were looking for that famous yeshiva in Lakewood, also 466 College & Research Libraries September 2005 known as the “Lakewood Yeshiva,” they would have to know the proper name. Sadly, there are no entries for Mr. Peanut, Tillie the Clown, tomato pie, The Blue Comet, The Sopranos, or films that were shot or took place in New Jersey, to name a few. This volume is an interesting and a worthy read. One will come away with a be er-informed outlook of the state and its place in the history of this country. The editors have succeeded in compiling an excellent reference resource on this coun- try’s third state. Recommended.—N.F. Weir, William. The Encyclopedia of African American Military History. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2004. 365p. il. $99 (ISBN 1-59102-169-3). LC 2004- 007622. Subject encyclopedias can be a very use- ful introduction for students looking for overviews, concise summaries of events, or useful references to broad topics, and publishers are producing them at prodi- gious rates. But a work that calls itself an encyclopedia and covers a popular topic must still prove its usefulness. Any mili- tary history encyclopedia should provide overviews of significant topics, useful sta- tistics, basic facts, and relevant resources. Unfortunately, this work fails on many counts. It offers no specific entries for the wars in which the United States has fought, no overview of integration and its problems; instead, much more a ention is given to specific individuals with li le in the way of context. Crispus A ucks, for example, gets four pages while the American Revolution gets none. There are no statistical charts, only entries under Civil War Statistics, which references the 1999 World Almanac, and World War II Statistics, which has no references at all. Factually, there are some serious omissions. There is no reference at all to President Truman or to Executive Order 9981, which integrated the army. (One might expect it at least under Korean War, but that, too, is omi ed from the en- cyclopedia; it is not even in the index.) Some, though not all, of the entries list additional sources, and there is a bibliog- raphy at the end, which, unfortunately, is just as inadequate as the encyclopedia. Books are listed alphabetically under the author, with no subject or chronological breakdown. There is an extensive list of online articles, which is arranged by subject (generally a specific person); many of the links I tried did not work or linked to sites with scanty information. There is also a brief list of periodical articles, most of which refer the reader to either the New York Times (as in “A former slave’s prop- erty may become a nuclear waste site”) or Newsweek. There are no references to other bibliographies or to America: History & Life. Despite the encyclopedia of the title, this in not a very useful or encyclopedic work.—M. C. Business Foundation Directory Online Platinum. New York: The Foundation Center. http://www.fdncenter.org. Various pricing options. The Foundation Directory Online Platinum includes two searchable databases: the Foundation database houses a collection of data on the entire universe of more than 76,000 foundations, corporate giving pro- grams, and grant-making public charities; and the Grants database is a collection of more than 500,000 grants awarded by foundations in the United States. Principal sources of the database are voluntary reports by many grant mak- ers directly to the Foundation Center and information obtained from public information returns filed each year with the Internal Revenue Service by private foundations. Updated weekly, the direc- tory contains information about the larg- est public and private foundations in the U.S. and links to foundation Web sites. The search interface of the directory is very easy to use. Users can search by foundation or grant name, geography, area of interest, type of grant, and more. Results can be printed, but not down- loaded to disk. http:http://www.fdncenter.org Selected Reference Works, 2004–2005 467 There are three other subscription op- tions in addition to the Platinum version: the Premium version contains 20,000 of the largest and midsized U.S. founda- tions and a file of more than half a mil- lion grants; the Plus version contains the nation’s largest 10,000 foundations, plus a file of more than half a million grants; and the Basic version includes the nation’s largest 10,000 foundations without grant data. Large universities with a nonprofit program will benefit from this database; development officers also will find this useful for fund raising efforts.—K.D. Information Science Bell, David, et al. Cyberculture: The Key Concepts. New York: Routledge, 2004. 211p. $80 (ISBN 0415247535). LC 2003- 017827. Boasting a breadth and depth of content that belies its somewhat trendy-sound- ing title, this volume does an admirable job of documenting the current state of Internet culture. Alphabetically arranged entries vary in length from a sentence to several pages. There is a sociological bent: entries on virtual social support and electronic de- mocracy total nearly seven pages whereas those on blogging, encryption, FAQ, linux, and hacking total barely two. From entries on the film The Matrix and the novel Neuromancer to the Fed- eral Communications Commission and TCP/IP (the core communication protocol on which the Internet is based), li le is omi ed, although it was a bit surprising not to find an entry for spyware along with those for virus, worm, and trojan. Of course, to a certain extent producing a volume on this topic is akin to writing a book about today’s weather. The authors, however, have selected a nice balance of terms from the fields of science, popular culture, government, and dozens of sub- cultures. By approaching their topic from these different perspectives, the authors create a balance in tone sometimes lack- ing in works on this subject. This is both a strength and a weakness; it at once preserves balance and creates a distance, giving the reader a sense that what is described is less fluid (and in some cases disputative) than it really is. Sources of entries are well cited, and URLs are o en included for those who wish to learn more about a given term without checking the titles in this volume’s impressive bibliography. In- terestingly, missing from this bibliogra- phy is what is perhaps the best-known and certainly the most comprehensive lexicography of the computer subculture: The Jargon File and its (controversially updated) print manifestation The New Hacker’s Dictionary. We can learn a lot about a culture by reading what it thinks of itself, and certainly the definition of “hacker” would have benefited from the perspective of this precursor. Though fairly well indexed, a con- vention seems to have been followed whereby acronyms (the bane of anyone dealing with computers) are entered only parenthetically following a term; as a result, someone looking for IM would have to hunt through the i’s until finding it under instant messaging; both the index and the otherwise-useful cross-refer- ences would benefit by an inclusion of acronyms. At a minimum, a glossary of acronyms could be added. Despite its few shortcomings, this scholarly look at “cyberculture” as it stood in 2004 is a valuable reference work for those studying cultural aspects of the Internet.— B.W. New Editions and Supplements The Theologisches Realenzyklopädie (BC69), which began appearing in 1977, is now complete in 36 volumes. The second edi- tion of The Encyclopedia of Religion has been published (Detroit: Macmillan, 2005. 15v. $1,195; 1st ed. 1987). Most of the origi- nal entries have been updated, and some 600 new subjects have been added. The index, though (vol. 15), has yet to appear. The second, revised and enlarged, edition of A Mormon Bibliography, 1830–1930: 468 College & Research Libraries September 2005 Books, Pamphlets, Periodicals, and Broadsides Relating to the First Century of Mormonism (Provo, Utah: Brigham Young Univ. Pr., 2004. 2v. $149.99; lst ed. 1978; suppl. 1992) adds some 4,500 entries. The fi h edition of The Oxford Dictionary of Saints (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Pr., 2004. 579p. $15.95); 1st ed. 1978) has been published. 2004 saw two new titles in the revised edition of Friedrich Ueberweg’s Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie (BB50). The “Durchgesehene und Erweiterte Auflage“ of Bd. 3 of Die Philosophie der Antike, Ältere Akademe. Aristotelies. Peripatos., replaces the second edition, which appeared in 1983. The first volume of the new edition of Die Philosophie des 18. Jahrhunderts, Grossbritannien. Nordamerka. Niederlande., was published in 2004; it will be complete in two volumes. In the field of literature, the second edition of the Johns Hopkins Guide to Liter- ary Theory and Criticism (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Pr., 2005; 985p. $80; 1st ed. 1994) has been published; like the first edi- tion, it concentrates on more recent ver- sions of literary theory. More than half of the original entries have been revised, and 45 new topics have been added. Supple- ments for bibliographies of individual authors include Supplement 2 of Christine de Pizan: A Bibliographical Guide (London: Tamesis, 2004. 285p. $75), which includes scholarship published from 1991 to 2002; and John Richard Robert’s John Donne: An Annotated Bibliography of Modern Criticism, 1979–1995 (Pi sburgh: Duquesne Univ. Pr., 2004. 605p. $145), which extends the 1912–1967 (1973) and the 1968–1978 (1982) compilations by the same author. New editions on the artistic front in- clude the third, revised and expanded, edition of the Oxford Dictionary of Art (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Pr., 2004. 816p. $45; 1st ed. 1988; 2nd ed. 1997), with more than 200 new entries on contemporary artists and new art forms. The eleventh edition of Museums of the World (Munich: Saur, 2004. 2v. $195; 1st ed. 1973) has appeared. The second edition of the Guide to the Lit- erature of Art History (Chicago: ALA, 2005. 899p. $195) is really a supplement to the 1980 title (BF1) and includes references to works published from 1977 to 1998. Elsevier’s Dictionary of Symbols and Imagery (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004. 627p. $150) is the new edition of Ad de Vries’s Dictionary of Symbols and Imagery (BF174). In the social sciences, the second edi- tion of the Oxford Companion to the Mind (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Pr., 2004. 1004p. $75; 1st ed. 1987) includes new essays on consciousness, brain scanning, and artifi- cial intelligence, as well as new entries on topics such as artificial life, lying, and ex- traterrestrial intelligence. The second edi- tion of the Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Pr., 2005. 1080p. $65; 1st ed. 1992) has updated information on key cases and issues. The National Geographic Atlas of the World is now in its eighth edition (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004. 416p. $165; 1st ed. 1963), making it a li le easier to keep up with shi ing boundaries. Linda Akrikos has compiled the third edition of Women’s Studies: A Recommend- ed Bibliography (Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2004. 828 p. $120; 1st ed. 1979 Women’s Studies: A Recommended Core Bibliography; 2nd ed., 1987, a supplement covering 1980–1985.) It includes a very useful appendix listing special issues of journals published from 1986 to 1999. A new, very expanded edition of Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Pr., 2005. 5v. $525; 1st ed. 1999) has increased coverage of the African commu- nities in Central and South America and now includes selected bibliographies for most entries. Kelly De Vries has compiled a supplement to his 2002 A Cumulative Bibliography of Medieval Military History and Technology (Leiden: Brill, 2004. 304p. $149), which lists works published from 2000 to 2002 as well as some additional pre-2000 works. Barton C. Hacker’s World Military History Annotated Bibliography: Pre-Modern and Nonwestern Military In- stitutions (Leiden: Brill, 2005. 305p. $134) lists works published before 1967, making it a sort of a prequel to his World Military History Bibliography (Leiden: Brill, 2003). The emphasis is more on military sociol- ogy than on tactics and strategy, and the geographical arrangement makes finding useful material very easy. Important supplements to biographi- cal sources include the second supple- ment (2005) to the American National Biography (New York: Oxford Univ. Pr., 1999). It includes entries for people who have died since the first supplement appeared in 2002, as well as some who were omi ed from the earlier editions. It also includes a “cumulative index by oc- cupation and realms of renown,” which has been reorganized by broad topic, with more detailed subdivisions, some of which seem somewhat unintuitive. (Gertrude Stein is indexed under Miscel- laneous Occupations—Salon Hostess and Kay Summersby under Miscellaneous Occupations—Confidantes.) Unfortu- nately, there is no cumulative alphabeti- cal listing. Selected Reference Works, 2004–2005 469 Notable American Women: A Biographi- cal Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Pr., 2004. $45) has profiles of 483 American women who died between 1976 and 1999. Like the earlier Notable American women (AH66), it includes brief bibliographies and locations of manuscript sources. J. C. Poggendorff’s magisterial Biog- raphisch-literarisches Handwörterbuch der exakten Naturwissenscha en (EA181) now includes a three-volume supplement de- voted to mathematicians, Ergänzungsband Mathematik (2004). The impeccably docu- mented source includes brief biographical information, exhaustive bibliographies, and selected citations to biographical sources, including obituaries, for math- ematicians from every country who are no longer living. On a closing note, the two concise and useful bibliographic series, Contemporary Social Issues and Social Theory, published by Reference and Research Services, have ceased publication.