witte.indd Selected Reference Works, 2005-2006 1 Sarah Witte and Mary Cargill This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued first by Eugene Sheehy and then by Eileen McIlvaine. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AC527) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996). Religion and Ethics Encyclopedia of Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity. Ed. Stanley M. Burgess. New York: Routledge, 2006. 500p. il. $150 (ISBN 0-415-96966-2). LC 2005- 037111. Pentecostals and Charismatics, accord- ing to the Encyclopedia of Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity, comprise the most rapidly-growing Christian move- ments in the world; consisting of some 550,000,000 “peoples of the Spirit,” this spiritual and theological family is al- ready second only to the Roman Catholic Church in size. Another notable statistic: a Pentecostal congregation in Seoul, South Korea, Yoido Full Gospel Church, is the largest individual Christian congregation in the world, consisting of some 700,000 congregants! Pentecostalism might be said to have begun almost 2000 years ago with the out- pouring of the Holy Spirit to the Apostles on Pentecost, 50 days a er the Resurrec- tion of Jesus (New Testament, Acts 2:1-4). Church historians usually describe the classical Pentecostal movement as com- ing to the world’s a ention as a result of the Azusa Street Revival that took place in Los Angeles 100 years ago, spreading from there across America, then to Europe and Latin America, and now especially throughout the “three-quarters world.” A er division into some 750 bewilder- ingly diverse denominations, it is difficult to limit the concept of Pentecostalism to a brief, consistent definition, but the family is generally characterized by belief in the possibility of receiving through “Baptism in the Holy Spirit” the gi s of the Holy Spirit received by the Apostles on the first Pentecost, by witness to the presence and power of the Spirit, by experiential, sometimes ecstatic corporate worship, healing, prophesy, and (with exceptions) glossolalia (speaking in tongues), and exorcism. The Charismatic movement began in 1960s America as a Pentecostal- Sarah Wi e and Mary Cargill are reference librarians in Butler Library at Columbia University; e-mail: spurgin@columbia.edu and cargill@columbia.edu. Although it appears under a byline, this list is a project of the reference departments of the Columbia University Libraries and notes are signed with the initials of one of the following staff members: Barbara Sykes-Austin, Avery Library; Seth Kasten, Burke Library; Nancy Friedland, Karen Green, Ellyssa Kroski, Anice Mills, Robert H. Sco , and Junko Stuveras, Butler Library; and Fadi H. Dagher, Lehman Social Sciences Library. 463 mailto:cargill@columbia.edu mailto:spurgin@columbia.edu 464 College & Research Libraries September 2006 like renewal movement within already existing non-Pentecostal denominations (Roman Catholicism, mainline Protestant denominations, and others) and led in the 1970s to the creation of independent groups that were within neither the historic mainline nor the Pentecostal denominations. A third major category sometimes named is the Neo-charismatic movement, consisting of independent and indigenous churches that are neither Pentecostal nor Charismatic but which partake of Pentecostal-like beliefs and practices, making use or not of classical Pentecostal terms for these. The complexity of the history, con- stituency, beliefs, and practices of these three waves calls for the availability of comprehensive reference tools for making one’s way toward some understanding of the phenomenon. The Encyclopedia of Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity is quite helpful to the non-expert. It includes 135 signed articles which fall into four categories—concepts, from the point of view of Pentecostalism (e.g., “Escatol- ogy,” “Gi s of the Spirit”); the history and study of Pentecostalism (“Antecedents of Pentecostalism,” “Azusa Street Revival”); its practices and institutions (“Hispanic Pentecostalism,” “Music”); and regional surveys (“Africa, West”). Most articles have up-to-date bibliographies and sev- eral are accompanied by photographs. A helpfully detailed index is included. Sometimes included are observations from a socio-cultural perspective, such as, in the “Glossolalia” article, “[Tongues] imply for many an upse ing of the social privilege of those who seem to monopo- lize public discourse by virtue of educa- tion or social class, granting everyone equal access to the inspired speech that transforms lives” (p. 225). Pentecostal research is a comparatively new field both in the church and in the academy. “Contributors represent both ‘insider ’ and ‘outsider ’ perspectives. Treatment is necessarily uneven because academic scholarship of classical Pentecostal and Charismatic movements is just now flowering, and the independent and in- digenous churches and groups included in the neo-charismatic fold have only been episodically studied by social scientists” (p. xiii–xiv). A review of this encyclopedia should not fail to mention that a related and more detailed reference work on the same sub- ject ma er, also edited by Stanley M. Bur- gess, appeared only five years ago—the New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements (Rev. and expanded ed. Stanley M. Burgess, editor. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan Pub. House, 2002. rev. ed. of: Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements). The earlier work has three times the number of pages (we are reminded that an encyclopedia is not always larger than a dictionary!), which allows inclu- sion of article topics of greater specific- ity (e.g., articles on individual countries rather than broad regions; historical and contemporary individuals as subjects; specific groups and organizations). Bib- liographies are quite extensive, though, understandably, not as current as some of those in the Encyclopedia. A number of contributors have articles in both works. A potentially helpful feature of the Diction- ary is the inclusion among its five indices of an “Index of Publications” (i.e., titles of Pentecostal and Charismatic journals). Also appealing about the Dictionary is that, although it is three times larger, its cost is curiously one-third that of the Encyclopedia. The Encyclopedia’s chief ad- vantage, in addition to the recent works cited in the bibliographies, seems to be the inclusion of some longer essay-like articles like “Filled with the Spirit” and “Oil, Anointing with”; in the case of these and other examples, the Dictionary lacks even index entries. Because the two refer- ence works were prepared with different approaches and organize a large body of knowledge in varied ways, the researcher is advantaged by access to both of them; despite some overlap, a comparison be- tween them o en results in helpful new access points and content.—S.K. Selected Reference Works, 2005-2006 465 Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics. Ed.-in-chief Carl Mitcham. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Macmillan Reference USA, an imprint of Thomson Gale, 2005. 4 vols. il. $450 (ISBN 0-02- 865834-5). LCCN: 2005-006968. In light of recent high profile incidences of ethical lapses in scientific research as well as the ethical debates surrounding some technological developments, the need for an encyclopedia of this nature is both topical and necessary. Covering a broad range of subjects from animal rights to genetics to video games, each entry in this four-volume set is signed by the contributor and includes cross-refer- ences and a bibliography. The entries are fairly brief but provide a good overview of a topic and will be a useful resource for students beginning exploration of a topic as well as further study. The editors have made every effort to make this material as accessible as possible to good effect. Notable are the eight introductory essays that specifi- cally address various perspectives. They represent the “dialogue among science, technology, and ethics…. and are espe- cially recommended to readers seeking synthetic perspectives.” (Intro. xvi.) One feature that helps make this material more accessible is the List of Articles included in the front matter, a most useful guide in a resource that covers such a wide scope. Following the List of Articles is a List of Contributors, an international group of academics and experts in their fields who lend the writ- ing a scholarly and authoritative tone. A Topical Outline that “provides an analytic summary of the Encyclopedia contents” is another particularly helpful access point since it categorizes entries by type, (e.g., Introductions and Overviews; Concepts, Case Studies; Issues; Persons and Figures; and Philosophical, Religious and Related Perspectives). The five appendices in the final volume include an annotated bibli- ography; Internet Resources; Glossary of Terms; Chronology of Historical Events; and Ethic Codes. Though highly recommended as an authoritative resource, this encyclopedia will never be able to be as topical as the news. Ironically, the final entry in the Historical Chronology is the 2004 cloning of a human embryo in South Korea. Only a year later, in 2005, Woo-Suk Hwang, the researcher responsible for this break- through, was already apologizing pub- licly for ethical lapses, errors, and possible fraud in his research methods.—A. M. Literature Bibliographie der deutschen Sprach und Literaturwissenschaft [electronic re- source]. Frankfurt am Main: Stadt und Universitätsbibliothek, 2004. www. bdsl-online.de. Price varies. This is the online version of the annual print bibliography (BE1235), which index- es books, articles, dissertations, and other publications about German language and literature in Western languages from 1953. The online version as of now (the publisher will add retrospective cover- age) includes the contents of the volumes published from 1985 to the present. The explanatory material is only in German, but the searching, for someone with even a limited knowledge of Ger- man, is not difficult. The Inhalt (Con- tents) page is arranged in the same way as the contents of the printed volumes: general headings and then chronologi- cal chapters. It is possible to drill down into these to find articles by clicking on the various headings. It is also possible to find a list of journals indexed and the years covered through the Inhalt page by clicking on Ausgewertete Zeitschri en, which will bring up an alphabetical list of journals; clicking on the journal title will let you select a date from the Ausgewer- tete Jahrgänge, which will show all the articles indexed for that particular year. The Ausgewertete Online-Zeitschri en link on the Inhalt page lists only journals that are available online, and is open-URL compliant. The search page proper allows for quite sophisticated searches, including a http:bdsl-online.de 466 College & Research Libraries September 2006 way to search a specific time period or any combination of time periods. These can be combined with keywords, authors, sub- jects, etc. There is automatic truncation; “frauen” as a subject, for instance, also finds “frauenmystik.” The articles include the citation, and subject headings when provided. There is a link to follow these headings, but it doesn’t seem to work consistently. Some articles about Christa Wolf’s Medea list the subject heading as “Medea (C.Wolf)”, and clicking on that link results in the message that no entries were found. However, some of the articles just have the subject heading “Medea,” and clicking on that finds 47 articles— many, but not all, about the Wolf title. The listings for books have a somewhat oddly named “Visual Library” icon, which will locate copies in selected German libraries, and link to their catalogs. This database provides much more complete coverage of German literature than does the MLA: there are, for exam- ple, 465 entries for Georg Trakl listed, as opposed to 159 in the same period (1985– 2006) in the MLA; for Christa Wolf, the number is 1,008 to the MLA’s 508. Thus, it is very important for any university sup- porting German literature.—M.C. Comic Art Lent, John A. Comic Art of the United States through 2000, Animation and Cartoons: An International Bibliography. (Bib- liographies and Indexes in Popular Culture, 12.) Westport: Praeger, 2005. 603p. $119.95 (ISBN 0-313-31213-3). LC 2005-005489. Cartoons are not just for the Sunday- morning papers, nor have they been for quite some time. American comic artists such as Winsor McKay and George Her- riman have been hailed as geniuses, with elaborate editions of their oeuvres; Garry Trudeau, the cartoonist behind Doones- bury, has won a Pulitzer Prize; movies increasingly feature animation or comic book heroes; and television networks such as Nickelodeon or Cartoon Network (with its late-night programming alter ego, Adult Swim) introduce new animation to a wide audience. It is inevitable that schol- arly a ention will be directed towards these phenomena; what is challenging is finding a way to locate this scholarship. Some databases provide a teasing glimpse into what is available: search the MLA Bibliography, ABELL, or Art Full Text for a taste of what’s been wri en, but don’t plan to find anything comprehensive. The free online database created by Michael Rhode and John Bullough—comic research bibliography (http://www.rpi.edu/~bulloj/ comxbib.html)—allows single-term search- ing only, and combines primary and secondary source materials, much of the la er gleaned from the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature. Until someone develops a comprehen- sive database on popular culture, the gap must be filled with print bibliographies. John A. Lent, a professor in the School of Communication and Theatre at Temple University, has turned his a ention to comic art on several occasions, notably in 1994 with Comic Books and Comic Strips in the United States: An International Bibliogra- phy and its companion volume Comic Art of Europe: An International, Comprehensive Bibliography, again in 1996 with Comic Art in Africa Asia, Australia and Latin America: A Comprehensive International Bibliography, and now with this new volume, which up- dates the 1994 Animation, Caricature, Gag and Political Cartoons in the United States and Canada: An International Bibliography, and which should be used together with the earlier volume for comprehensive coverage. The book is divided into six primary sections: the first deals with Canada and the next five with the United States, bro- ken into the categories of Comic Art; Gag, Illustrative, Magazine Cartoons; Anima- tion; Caricature; and Political Cartoons. Subsections of each of these areas are given in the table of contents, but there is no consistency from section to section, and many of these subsections may seem arbitrary. One subsection under Comic Art, for example, is “Collecting and Fans,” http://www.rpi.edu/~bulloj Selected Reference Works, 2005-2006 467 while a similar subsection in Animation is “Auctions, Collecting.” The sections on Gag, Illustrative, Magazine Cartoons and on Political Cartoons contain the subsec- tion “Historical Aspects,” but there is no similar subsection in Comic Art. Each section begins with either “Resources” or “General Studies” or, perhaps, both. The subsections have further divisions that may be found as one pages through the book, but the existence of these divi- sions are not indicated anywhere. In the Comic Art section, in the subsection “Re- sources,” is the useful further subdivision “Periodical Directory,” which lists titles in great part for both cartoonists and their fans, but there is no way to determine, without vigorous browsing, whether such a list exists in any of the other sections as well (vigorous browsing would seem to indicate that it does not). The sources for the articles contained herein are varied. As the Periodical Direc- tory indicates, not many periodicals are currently devoted to academic examina- tion of these subjects. Comics Journal and The International Journal of Comic Art are perhaps the best known, but Lent goes far afield into trade journals such as Variety or the independently published Frostbite Falls Far-Flung Flier, devoted to “Rocky and Bullwinkle” and other Jay Ward cartoons. It is clear that this volume acts as companion to the author’s earlier works, as Comic Art does not encompass, say, comic books, but seems rather to be re- stricted primarily to the “funnies,” while still encompassing sports cartoonists and children’s cartoons. By far the largest section—roughly 300 pages—is devoted to Animation, new to any of the author’s works. Individual animated movies and television shows, both historical and contemporary, get their own subheads under the subsection “Characters and Titles,” and are also listed by title in the index. The index, in fact, consists entirely of these subheads. There is no denying that the volume is awkward to use, but there is also no deny- ing that it fills a gap le by other current resources, both print and electronic. For libraries supporting programs in popular culture, Lent’s book is a welcome addi- tion.—K.G. Performing Arts International Bibliography of Theatre and Dance [electronic resource]. Ipswich, Mass.: EBSCO Publishing, 2005. www. ebsco.com. Price varies. The International Bibliography of Theatre (BH57) is an essential reference work for theatre studies. With the release of EBSCO Publishing’s online version, the index has now been updated and enhanced. Initiated by the American Society for Theatre Research as an effort to “central- ize, computerize and publish resources” for all students of the theatre, the project got underway due to the resources of the Theatre Research Data Center at Brook- lyn College, New York. The pilot volume involved more than 60 contributors and covered materials published in 1982. The last print volume was published in 1999. Now called the International Bibliogra- phy of Theatre and Dance, the online version reportedly contains everything that was in the print index plus current indexing through 2006. Some searches on entries from the earlier volumes of the print index, however, failed to appear in the online version. Coverage is extensive, including ma- terials related to any aspect of theatre without “historical or geographical limi- tations.” The types of materials included are histories, essays, studies, surveys, con- ference papers, proceedings, catalogues, portfolios, handbooks, and guides. The online index provides for limiting a search by a variety of document types including book review, case study, directory, editori- al, entertainment review, interview, le er, obituary, poem, recipe (yes, recipe!), short story, and speech. Limiting by year(s) is also available. Oddly, a limit by language is not provided. http:ebsco.com 468 College & Research Libraries September 2006 The beginnings of retrospective index- ing include titles such as Modern Drama (back to 1958), Drama Review: TDR (back to 1968), and Performing Arts Journal (back to 1970). Full text for 100 key titles was added including the World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre. One feature of the print index was a detailed description of taxonomy terms; it also provided a subject index and a carefully structured section entitled “Classed Entries” listing full citations and abstracts. The online version now offers the advantages of keyword and full-text searching. The EBSCO interface works well providing basic and advanced search options. Subject headings are listed with search results providing terms for narrowing a search or finding related searches. Unfortunately, browse features are not yet available, making it difficult to see what journals are actually indexed. EBSCO hopes to have this feature avail- able by the end of 2006. There is no match for the scholarly content and international coverage of this index making it an essential reference resource for academic and research librar- ies. Highly recommended.—N.F. Encyclopedia of the Documentary Film. Ed. Ian Aitken. New York: Routledge, 2006. 3 vols. il. $565 (ISBN 1-57958- 445-4). LC 2005-046519. When Routledge announced the publica- tion of the Encyclopedia of the Documentary Film, libraries and researchers had cause for celebration. This three-volume work fills a gap in the reference literature on film. Complementing other encyclopedic works on early and international cinemas, handbooks on other genres, and diction- aries of film terms, this resource covers an important and significant area of film studies. Documentary films have had a presence since the 1890s when film came into existence and are an important area of study. The work succeeds on several levels. It supports the study of documentary film and brings neglected or overlooked authors and films to the forefront. It is also the product of an impressive list of compilers with extremely well wri en es- says ranging in length from 500 words for individual films and filmmakers to longer pieces of up to 7,000 words that discuss documentary filmmaking traditions by region or historical period. Main entries are listed alphabetically. The largest categories cover filmmakers and films. Additional entries include production companies, organizations, fes- tivals, institutions, countries and regions, styles and techniques, and topical subjects such as feminism and deconstruction. The coverage is comprehensive with one curious omission—there is no essay entry for cinéma verité. All entries contain related information in bibliographies and filmographies. The cross-references are adequate. Unfortunately, the work is seriously flawed. As any good researcher knows, an index is an essential component of a major work—particularly a three-vol- ume encyclopedia. It is disheartening to find this index rife with errors and sloppy numbering. The misnumbered pages are abundant and make using the encyclopedia a frustrating experience. It also makes finding information diffi- cult to impossible. In addition, the page number listings for main entries are not distinguished from secondary entries, leaving the user guessing which page to choose. One last problem is that article page ranges are sometimes separated by commas rather than dashes so the user is never quite sure if he or she is being referred to a multipage article on a topic or if the topic will be mentioned on indi- vidual consecutive pages. Routledge routinely publishes stan- dard reference works and at a price tag of over $500—they should seriously con- sider reindexing this otherwise valuable work. According to WorldCat, there are close to 300 library holdings for this title. These institutions should call Routledge and lobby for a be er indexing tool. Rec- ommended with reservation.—N.F. Selected Reference Works, 2005-2006 469 Bynoe, Yvonne. The Encyclopedia of Rap and Hip-Hop Culture. Westport: Green- wood, 2006. 480p. $69.95 (ISBN 0-313- 33058-1). LC 2005-019215. An A–Z guide to the culture and persona of the rap and hip-hop genre within the United States from its historic begin- nings in 1973 through 2005. The author approaches the subject as one that en- compasses more than just music and is instead a cultural phenomenon expressed through the art forms of MCing, B-boy- ing, DJing, and graffiti. With over 500 entries and numerous black and white photographs, The Encyclopedia of Rap and Hip-Hop Culture a empts to combine the subject’s diverse topics into a single refer- ence source. Entries are arranged alphabetically by last name except when the artist is be er known by a stage name, in which case they are arranged by first name. The author notes AKAs as well as given names of artists within article headers. Frequent cross-references are provided in boldface type. Readers will find wide subject cover- age ranging from the origins of the rap genre, with entries on KRS-ONE, Doug E. Fresh, beatboxing, Def Jam Recordings, B-boying, Public Enemy, and The Real Roxanne, to more contemporary topics, with articles on Ludacris, Snoop Dogg, Lil’ Kim, 50 Cent, Roc-A-Fella Records, Eminem, Missy Elliott, and Outkast. The author does not claim to provide comprehensive coverage, but instead offers a “cross section of people, events, and ideas that significantly shaped the genre.” Criteria for inclusion are at least two albums for contemporary artists, and several single hits for old-schoolers. Articles provide biographical sketches of artists as well as descriptions and definitions of major terms and concepts such as “East Coast-West Coast Rivalry,” and “freestyle”. Lengthy chronological biographies are provided for major genre contributors such as Run DMC, LL Cool J, Tupac Shakur, etc. Discographies follow the majority of artists’ entries, but not all, as in the case of Sean “Puff Daddy” Combs. These discographies contain the complete oeuvres of many artists and selected works from prolific musicians. With the exceptions “Boyz n the Hood” and “Colors,” films are condensed into a single entry, with brief descriptions and dates of release. Among the films listed are classics such as “Beat Street” and “Krush Groove”; but, surprisingly, “Brea- kin’” and its sequel “Breakin’ 2: Electric Boogaloo” are absent. This resource includes a complete list of entries; an introduction giving a brief historical sketch of the development of the genre; the main section of alphabetical entries; and three appendices: a “Selected Rap Discography” listing a sampling of genre’s best albums; a “Selected Bibli- ography” offering books, articles, and Internet resources for further research; and the “Statements to Preserve and Ap- preciate Hip Hop Culture” document, which was presented by KRS-ONE to the U.N. in 2002. This work would be well served as an electronic product as it is composed of succinct entries rather than essays. A digital version could offer valuable multi- media files, such as music and audio clips, film trailers, interviews, television clips, and color photos. Such an offering would be very useful for remote research. Bynoe provides a solid overview of the rap and hip hop genre. Although not meant for advanced scholarly work due to the lack of in-depth subject coverage, this work will be a useful resource for students of music and culture at the outset of re- search. Recommended for undergraduate and public libraries.—E.K. Anthropology Encyclopedia of Anthropology. Ed. H. James Birx. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 2006. 5 vols. il. $795 (ISBN 0-7619-3029- 9). LC 2005-013953. Sage’s five volume Encyclopedia of Anthro- pology is the result of an international col- lective effort of over 250 researchers in the field of Anthropology and related fields, 470 College & Research Libraries September 2006 including archaeology, anthropological linguistics, applied/physical and cultural/ social anthropology, philosophy, sociol- ogy, theology, and more. The editor, H. James Birx (Canisius College, New York), is also the editor of the World Lecture Series in Anthropology. He is the author of, among others, Theories of Evolution (1984) and Interpreting Evolution: Darwin & Teilhard de Chardin (1991). He is also a reviewer for Library Journal. The goal of the Encyclopedia is to pro- vide an understanding of the biological and cultural aspects of human beings. It is composed of over 1,000 signed entries from Aborigines to Zuni Indians, includ- ing theories and biographies of theorists. Entries include brief bibliographies and cross-references, and are wri en to reach, as Birute Galdikas puts it in the forward, “the natural anthropologists who consti- tute our human species.” The Encyclopedia includes a chronology of events from 1314 BCE to 2005, with ref- erences to the index entries; a conversion chart; a list of entries; a reader’s guide, in which the entries are subdivided into cat- egories; and a solid 86-page bibliography. It also includes color photographs, side- bars, and graphs that give the Encyclopedia an a ractive and informative edge. In the words of the editor, this encyclopedia is “the human story of [the human] epic journey that has been over five billion years in the making.” It is a handy step- ping-stone for research in anthropology. Recommended for reference collections supporting the research and teaching of Anthropology.—F. H. D. Public Opinion Roper Center Catalog of Holdings [electronic resource]. Storrs, Conn.: The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research. http://roperweb.ropercenter.uconn. edu. The catalog is free; other services require a fee or subscription. The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, long known for its U.S. opinion poll databank, offers this online catalog of their holdings. It lists all surveys in their archives. The Center now concentrates on U.S. and multinational polls; but, in the past, it collected more than 500 data- sets of foreign single-country polls from Great Britain, Brazil, Canada, and France. Smaller-scale collections (100–499 datas- ets each) cover Argentina, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico and Venezuela. Foreign datasets mostly cover the period from the 1940s to the 1990s. The U.S. survey data collections go back to 1935 and include a variety of sources: commercial survey firms, academic research institutes, and local governments. The catalog can be searched by key- words and phrases in study titles and descriptions. Terms may be truncated and combined using Boolean operators. Keyword searches may be further defined by date range, name of an organization that either sponsored or conducted the survey, country, and sample type such as ethnic or age groups. Search results are sorted by field dates in reverse chronological order. A result includes the study number, title, survey firm, sponsor (if any) and survey method. Since 1980, some additional information may be available such as major topics covered and approximate number of variables in a study. Some of the data are immediately available online to the subscribers of the “Roper Express.” Others can be ordered via e-mail or telephone. See the Roper Center Web site for subscription informa- tion. Recommended for both academic and public libraries serving researchers in social sciences.—J. S. Urban Studies Encyclopedia of the City. Ed. Roger W. Caves. New York, N.Y.: Routledge, 2005. 564p. $225 (ISBN 0-415-25225-3). LC 2004-051142. This is a book of average size that brings together the kind of information that could require a shelf full of books to give as clear an understanding of the subject as it provides. Offering a number of defini- tions of the “city” from quotations by half http://roperweb.ropercenter.uconn Selected Reference Works, 2005-2006 471 a dozen 20th-century urban historians, and concluding that each is inadequate to comprehend the whole (“The term ‘city’ means anything and everything”), the Introduction gives early insight into the multi- and interdisciplinary nature of urban studies. In doing so it defines the challenge of what to include in an encyclopedia of the city and suggests that other editions will follow. The Introduc- tion also offers an essay, considerably oversimplified and therefore somewhat confusing, on the historical development of Western urbanization, from nomadic societies to agricultural se lements to walled cities, the allocation of land uses, the creation of infrastructure, and the relationship of cities to the complex ac- tivities of civilization. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution came in- creasingly rapid social and technological change, population growth, and forms of transportation. A brief section on city form, and an overview of current de- velopments in information technology affecting communication and produc- tion—historically the principal occupa- tions within cities—are also covered in the Introduction. It concludes with some thoughts on city life since September 11, 2001, and issues of massive urbanization in the 21st century. While the Introduction reads too much like an unsophisticated college term paper and the volume lacks illustrations, the strength of this book lies in the combi- nation of biographical and dictionary entries wri en by an authoritative list of contributors that includes Robert Be- auregard, Ann Forsyth, Sir Peter Hall, Andrew Kirby, Lance Freeman, and many other well-known writers, editors, and researchers in the field of urban studies (there are ten consultant editors and over 200 contributors). The biographies bring together names from a wide variety of fields, including city planning, sociology, urban history, architecture, social reform, geography, philosophy, land conserva- tion, and urban design, although the emphasis seems to be on theorists, phi- losophers, sociologists, and academics. Each entry gives date and place of birth and death, key works wri en, narratives of about 200–300 words, and one or two suggestions for further reading, and each is signed by the author. The dictionary entries emphasize contemporary terms such as “adaptive reuse,” “glocalization” (“globalization + localization”), “index of dissimilarity,” and “theory of demograph- ic transition,” as well as the predictable “smart growth,” “equity planning,” and “urban village.” These entries are also signed and provided with at least one reference for further study. The volume concludes with a good index .—B.S.-A. History Medieval and Early Modern Resources On- line (MEMSO) [electronic resource]. Burlington, Ont.: TannerRitchie in collaboration with the Library and In- formation Services of the University of St. Andrews. http://sources.tannerritchie. com/. Subscription price $1,300–2,600, depending on size of institution. A new reference tool to emerge in the online era has been the corpus of online texts, particularly, but not exclusively, the corpus of primary source materials. The ability of such collections as the Thesau- rus Linguae Graecae, Literature Online, or Past Masters to serve as vast, complexly searchable and sortable concordances of key data makes them an indispensable reference tool in the hands of scholars and librarians. Indeed, there are signs that the online corpus is beginning to supplant the printed concordance. Whereas the World- Cat database indicates 121 works with the subject keyword “concordance” or “con- cordances” published in 1975, it retrieves just 46 of these issued in 2006. However, in contrast to steady decline in this same period of the similarly vulnerable genre of bibliography, the printed concordance, as registered by OCLC, climbed to a peak of 183 titles in 1995 before beginning its downward movement. Clearly the computer-generated character of many of these tools and the continued—and http://sources.tannerritchie 472 College & Research Libraries September 2006 inexcusable—superiority of the printed concordance display to that found in most commercial databases have delayed the onset of reality here.) One field that has particularly ben- efited from a wealth of new corpora has been Medieval Studies. The unquestioned leader in the field to date has been Brepols, whose offerings have thankfully begun appearing in greater numbers online as part of their Brepolis database. (Two other important major collections have been produced by Chadwyck-Healy.) There have, of course, been a host of smaller or less accessible text collection projects, but there is still much opportunity for corpus building. The major public collections cited have included some digitization of older printed material, but there is still a vast body of “Monumenta” literature of the 19th and early 20th centuries, and even before, that could provide a great leap forward for Medieval studies, were it to be digitized and served up in a single corpus. The ease of undertaking this project has been greatly increased by ad- vances in scanning and OCR technology, making possible the creation of a good but not fully accurate rendering of the text behind page images of the original using the technique sometimes referred to as “dirty OCR.” A promising first step in this direction, taking advantage of these opportunities is the work under review here, a growing collection of British medieval sources, published by TannerRitchie, a publisher based in Burlington, Ontario, in collabora- tion with the University of St. Andrews. Currently constituting more than 200 volumes, it brings together a host of key early-medieval source material, rang- ing from the Acts of the Privy Council of England to the various Calendars of State Papers to Register of the Privy Council of Scotland to the histories of key clans and noble families. While clearly aiming a key piece of its marketing at genealogists and individual researchers, it has brought together a body of key research material for the broader scholarly community. Based on a variety of searches in the texts, the OCR appears to have produced a very accurate result, albeit one with the kinds of errors characteristic of the “dirty OCR” technique. As a result, scholars have the opportunity of mining this cor- pus of material as never before. This publication still reflects only a preliminary step, however. It is not cur- rently possible to search all of the texts together. A prototype of a collectionwide search engine is available. However, in all cases, it appears that users are limited to the ability to search for but a single string at any one time, using the search capacity provided by Adobe Acrobat. While that software has the advantage of giving searchers a keyword-in-context view of hits, the ability to search for just one term severely limits the kinds of mining one can effectively do in such a vast corpus. The online search is also very slow, forcing the researcher to constantly re- mind herself how much faster, still, this kind of retrieval is than the old-fashioned way of plowing through printed pages to find one’s data. The publisher even encourages users to download individual texts to their desktop to obtain better search times. One imagines that, in time, addressing this problem will be one that can be done by the publisher on its site, or by local institutions’ deciding to mount the texts on servers of their own. Whether they would then be searchable with more pow- erful engines such as DTSearch, Lucene, or Ebrary’s Isaac server is not entirely clear to this reviewer. The texts, while downloadable, do not allow one to tease the underlying text out from behind the page images. This feature relates to another area that one hopes TannerRitchie or others working with these texts will need to address. Many, if not all, publications of this type contain a great deal of printed metadata that could greatly enhance retrieval and analysis if they could be tagged—such things as document num- ber, type of document, date and place of Selected Reference Works, 2005-2006 473 issue, titles, abstracts, etc. Simple OCR of such material to allow free text searches, even assuming the availability of some more advanced search syntax, falls far short of where publications of this type need to be if they are truly to provide the basis for a fully functional corpus. One hopes that TannerRitchie will move to address these issues, or at least make it easier for their subscribers to do so. Given the relative ease with which others could reproduce this achievement with these public-domain titles, there would seem to be a powerful incentive for the publisher to consider these further steps. Even given the preliminary nature of this accomplishment, the breadth of this collection, the key titles it embraces, and the reasonable price of a subscription clearly make this an a ractive acquisition for any institution doing serious work with British medieval and early modern sources.—R. H. S. The Making of the Modern World: The Goldsmiths’-Kress Library of Economic Literature [electronic resource]. Farm- ington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale, 2004. http://www.gale.com/ModernEconomy/. Price varies. This full-text database is the digitized ver- sion of the holdings of the Goldsmiths’- Kress Library of economic literature from 1450 to 1850, which is an invaluable source for not only economic and business history but also more generally for politi- cal and social history of early and mod- ern Europe. The University of London’s Goldsmiths’ collection is enhanced by the additions from the Kress Library of the Harvard Business School, the Seligman Collection of Columbia University, and Yale’s Sterling Library. The digital facsimi- les are much more convenient than the microform version published by Research Publications in the 1970s. The basic InfoTrac search engine looks like brute force searching with a single box to enter your search terms, but you can actually pull out a fairly sophisticated search with judicious use of Boolean operators, proximity searches using the “with” and “near” operators, a mix of phrases and single terms, and three types of truncation. Search terms can be limited to keyword, subject, title, or author field and by the year of publication. Publication year can be a range of dates and there is an option to include titles without known publication date, a useful feature for early modern publications. The advanced search offers more ways to specify fields (person as subject, geographic subject, a member library, etc.), language (most Western European languages including Welsh, Icelandic, and Catalan), type of illustrations (cartoon and coat of arms among them), number of pages, and a limit to serials. Three levels of fuzzy search may be activated to include near-matches for variations in American and British spelling. It is possible to browse the database by author or title. The search history of the session is kept and you can go back to an earlier search and see the result, but earlier searches cannot be combined with a new search or another old search. When a digital facsimile of a book comes up, pages where search terms oc- cur are indicated in the side bar. A page may be enlarged for easier reading. Up to 50 pages can be retrieved, viewed, printed, or saved in the PDF format. Highly recommended to university libraries and large public libraries. This extraordinary collection will give access to rare material relating to the 400 years of history, mainly European and American but also encompassing the outer reaches of British mercantile and colonial activi- ties in Asia and Africa.—J.S. Kowner, Rotem. Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War. (Historical Dic- tionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Unrest, 29). Lanham: Scarecrow, 2006. 567p. il. $80 (ISBN 0-8108-4927-5). LC 2005-010131. Along with the recent Russian-language dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War (I. U. V. Starshov, Russkoia ponskaia voĭna : http://www.gale.com/ModernEconomy 474 College & Research Libraries September 2006 slovar’-spravochnik; Moskva, 2004) and an older Japanese counterpart (Katsu- masa Harada, Nichro senso no jiten, Tokyo, 1986), the new English dictionary offers a good starting point for the research on the war. Kowner’s dictionary contains a good bibliography, collection of war docu- ments, table of military ranks in four languages and an index, in addition to 16 maps and 16 pages of photographs. A chronology covers both prewar and postwar period from 1854 to 1950. The introduction reviews the origins, course, and legacy of the war. The bibliography includes the material from historical atlases and contemporary newspapers to the treatment of the war in visual arts, literature, multimedia resources, and the Internet. The emphasis is on English- language sources, although Russian and Japanese sources are present. An effort is made to cover the historical significance of the war in terms of both the causes and effects. Not only people, ba leships, weapons, and events, but also special topics such as “prisoners of war,” “propaganda,” “military intelligence,” and “medical treatment” are found among the entries. Recommended for college and research libraries.—J.S. Engs, Ruth Clifford. The Eugenics Move- ment: An Encyclopedia. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 2005. 279p. $75 (ISBN 0- 313-32791-2). LC 2005-003391. As we have had occasion to note before in this column, the advance of online information has had a marked impact on the genres of printed reference material. On one hand, the genre of the printed bibliography has grown nearly obsolete. While a search of OCLC’s WorldCat for works with some permutation of the stem “bibliograph*” in their titles and their subject headings yields 3,800 hits for books in English published in 1975, it reports only 310 such titles issued in 2005, reflecting a steady decline of material of this type. Curiously, by contrast, the same time period has witnessed a great expansion in of works calling themselves “encyclopedias” or “encyclopaedias.” A search for works with either of those titles in WorldCat results in just 236 Eng- lish-language books issued in 1975, but some 806 in 2005, a growth of nearly 400 percent. This proliferation of titles has reflected an increasing granularity of coverage, somewhat ironic in light of the encyclopedia’s implicit claim to compre- hensiveness. Sadly, too, as this column has had occasion to note on more than one occasion in the past, many of these publications are ultimately li le more than a random collection of short pieces related to a central topic, rather than a comprehensive treatment or a tool lend- ing itself to searching for information on any given person or issue. Happily, The Eugenics Movement: An Encyclopedia is not an example of this la er phenomenon. Produced by Ruth Clifford Engs, Professor of Applied Health Science at Indiana University, with a large num- ber of publications in the public health field to her credit, this book is the kind of solid, rich, well-cra ed compendium on a specialized topic that librarians have long been able to expect from Greenwood. Its contents provide the beginning and scholarly user with a broad and authori- tative introduction to the topic of eugen- ics, the “science of the improvement of the human race by be er breeding,” in the words of one of its key spokesmen Charles Davenport. It is a topic that em- braces many disciplines—science, history, sociology, politics, social policy, social work, and philosophy—and Engs does a good job of weaving them together here in a basic work. Eugenics, the author notes in her introduction, has justly earned a negative image for its associations with racism, xenophobia, and mistreatment of the disabled, but deserves a broader look, given its association with a variety of more progressive social issues such as birth control and family planning, prena- tal care, and child nutrition. The primary focus of the work is the American Eugenics Movement, which Selected Reference Works, 2005-2006 475 flourished in the early part of the 20th century. However, it also seeks to provide the scientific context, to take stock of re- lated developments in Great Britain and Germany, and to show its ties to current issues rising out of the new advances in genetic research in recent decades. Approximately 250 well-wri en entries survey key figures such Charles Daven- port and Margaret Sanger, scientific (and pseudo-scientific) fields as genetics and phrenology, organizations such as the American Eugenics Society or the Eugen- ics Conference, key publications like The Jukes and The Rising Tide of Color Against White World Supremacy, and related is- sues such as IQ, cloning, or the nature vs. nurture debate. Most articles are supplied with references to key literature, and a rich collection of cross-references offer users the possibility to navigate through the topic as their needs and interests dictate. A valuable supplement to the main collection of articles is provided by a substantive introduction to both eugenics and the eugenics movement at the beginning of the book, detailed his- torical chronology and an extensive list of literature at the end. The la er title listing would have benefited from the sort of expert annotations that a scholar like Engs could offer, particularly since the titles presented here range, in her words, from the “academic to yellow journalism.” A well-cra ed subject index at the end of the book provides further access. The only flaw one might note in an otherwise well-designed reference system was the decision to list some entries under their first word, rather than their first substan- tive term, a practice encountered in too many recent subject encyclopedias. Thus, for example, a reader browsing quickly to find information on the important In- ternational Congress of Eugenics would need to know that the entries are listed under F, S, and T for the First, Second, and Third congresses respectively. There is no cross-reference. Eugenics has become a hot topic of late, thanks to the growth of cultural studies, a new interest in the history of science, and the revival of many of the issues with which it was associated, thanks to recent developments in genetics. One imagines this work providing librarians working with college and high school students, and even some more advanced research- ers, in beginning to understand the key questions surrounding this topic, and then finding their way to further material on the subject. The reference shelf-life of a printed work of such granularity, even one of this high degree of quality, is not entirely clear. Certainly, one can imagine its eventual migration to the stacks, where it will continue to serve as useful intro- ductory text, wri en in a style appropriate to the hypertext era. Its real long-term value will be found as part of the new Greenwood Digital collection, which we hope will become like Oxford Reference Online, a mainstay of a new generation of key online reference tools.—R.H.S. New Editions, Supplements, etc. The third edition of Thomas Mann’s The Oxford Guide to Library Research (New York: Oxford, 2005. $35; 1st ed., A Guide to Library Research Methods, 1987; 2nd ed., 1998) has a useful analysis of the various searching techniques and a well-reasoned yet impassioned explanation of the ben- efits of controlled vocabulary and print resources; it should be required reading for all librarians. The second edition of the New Oxford American Dictionary (New York: Oxford, 2005. $60; 1st ed., 2001) adds some 3,000 words, a section on distinguishing between synonyms, and a Language Guide appendix, with answers to questions of grammar, punc- tuation, and spelling. A CD version of the text accompanies the volume. Oxford has also published a second, revised edition of the Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (New York: Oxford, 2005. $40; 1st ed., 2000), with definitions of some 20,000 current phrases and allusions. This complements the New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (New York: Routledge, 2006. $175) which is the 476 College & Research Libraries September 2006 ninth edition of the venerable Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (1st ed., 1937; 8th ed., 1984), and now includes all English-language slang, not just slang from the United States and Great Britain. However, the new edition is limited to slang in use since 1945, so reference collections will need to keep the eighth edition on hand. The Cambridge Guide to Literature in Eng- lish is now in its third edition (New York: Cambridge, 2006. $50; 1st ed., 1988; rev. ed., 1993). It has added entries for some 280 writers, most of whom have emerged since the 1990s, and dropped some writ- ers listed in the earlier editions, whose reputations have fallen. A Catalogue of Russian Avant-Garde Books 1912–1934 and 1969–2003 (Toronto: University Pr., 2006. $50) updates the earlier 1912–1934 bibli- ography of holdings in the British Library (London: British Library, 1994) and adds some 400 titles. There have been recent supplements to critical bibliographies of two significant authors. Keneth Kinnamon’s Richard Wright: An Annotated Bibliography of Criti- cism and Commentary, 1983–2003 (Jeffer- son, N.C.: McFarland, 2006. $75) supple- ments his A Richard Wright Bibliography: Fi y Years of Criticism and Commentary, 1933–1982 (New York: Greenwood, 1988) and includes an addenda to the earlier bibliography. Christian Hanna’s Go fried Benn Bibliographie: Sekundärliteratur 1957–2003 (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2006, $80) updates Edgar Lohner’s Go fried Benn: Bibliographie 1912–1956 (Wiesbaden: Lines Verlag, 1958). The industrious Adrian Room has prepared the second edition of Placenames of the World (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2006. $75; 1st ed., 1997), which adds some 1,000 names, mainly from Japan and China. The all-too-relevant Encyclopedia of Censorship (New York: Facts on File, 2005. $85; 1st ed., 1990) has been updated and revised. Alan Muslow has issued the second edition of his Routledge Companion to His- torical Studies (London: Routledge, 2006. ₤60; 1st ed., 2000), with twenty-nine new entries addressing “the growing concerns of historians generally with ethics and aesthetics [and] various ‘post-ist’ develop- ments and their exponents” (introd). There is also an updated 30-page bibliography listing works on historiography, which unfortunately is arranged alphabetically by author, making it difficult to find refer- ences on specific subjects. Historians will be pleased that Cam- bridge University Press has published a new edition, called the Millennial edition, of the U.S. Department of Commerce’s indispensable Historical Statistics of the United (New York: Cambridge Univ. Pr., 2006. $825); 1st ed., Washington, D.C.: Dept. of Commerce, 1949; Bicentennial ed., Washington, D.C.: Dept. of Com- merce, 1975). It has grown from 1975s two volumes to five, and each volume covers a specific subject: Population, Work and Welfare, Economic Structure and Performance, Economic Sectors, and Governance and International Relations (this last volume also has a separate section on Colonial statistics). As in the two-volume edition, each volume has a subject index for all volumes. Given the increased size and complexity of the work, the indexing is crucial, but unfortu- nately, both indexes are basically the same size, and some detail has been sacrificed. The new index seems to emphasize social statistics more than economic; entries for bacon, airline baggage revenue, and bak- ery confectionery products are gone, and Black population now has a much more detailed breakdown than the eighteen listings under Negro population in the 1975 edition. Richard Woods’ Autobiographical Writ- ings on Mexico: An Annotated Bibliography of Primary Sources (Jefferson, N.C.: McFar- land, 2005. $49.95) is an expanded edition of his Mexican Autobiography: An Annotated Biography (New York: Greenwood, 1988), and lists some 1,900 entries (up from 300). It includes many recent autobiographies, as well as adding older autobiographies of foreigners living in Mexico. Selected Reference Works, 2005-2006 477 The Encyclopedia of African American Culture and History (Detroit: Macmillan, 2006. $625) updates the first edition and the supplement (1st ed., 1996; supple- ment, 2001), and expands coverage to Central and South America and the Ca- ribbean. The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Caro- lina Pr., 2006-) is the new edition of the Encyclopedia of Southern Culture (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Pr., 1989). It will eventually appear in twenty-four separate volumes, each one covering a specific subject. Volume 1, Religion, and Volume 2, Geography, have been published. The South is also featured in the sec- ond edition of the Encyclopedia of Religion in the South (Macon, Ga.: Mercer Univ. Pr., 2005. $60; 1st ed., 1984). Most of the articles have been revised, and some 100 new ones added, particularly in the area of non-Western religions. The second edi- tion of the Encyclopedia of Judaism (Boston: Brill, 2005. $399); 1st ed., New York, Con- tinuum, 1999) combines the three-volume original edition and the two-volume Supplement and adds 52 new entries; the bibliographies have also been undated. Brill’s Encyclopedia of the Qur’ān (Leiden: Brill, 2001–2006) is now complete with the publication of volume 5, Si–Z.—M. C. Call for a complete catalog Elegant Solutions for Preservation ARCHIVAL PRODUCTS Pamphlet Binders Bound Four Flap Enclosures Music Binders Archival Binders P.O. 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