Book Reviews 287 to the field of journalism. The theme that connects the four memoirs as manifestos is a public critique of a “repressive system ... as reflected by the corporate newsroom.” By applying Sidonie Smith’s description of manifesto as “a proof, a piece of evidence, a public declaration or proclamation ... for the purpose of announcing past actions and explaining the reasons or motives for actions announced as forthcoming,” Hall demonstrates how the autobiographical narrative employed by these journalists are in fact autobiographical manifestos be- cause within them are found the essential characteristics of manifestos: that is, the “appropriation or contestation of sover- eignty.” Hall provides compelling reasons why these works are situated within the rich tradition of African American auto- biography and why it is critical, as well as advantageous, to value and include other standpoints in news reporting. The first chapter of Hall’s book provides an excellent overview of journalism by “contextualizing the place of memory, truth, objectivity, and autobiography in journalism.” In the next two chapters, he details how the major attributes of the autobiographical manifesto are depicted in Nelson’s Volunteer Slavery: My Authentic Negro Experience, as she strives to maintain her “authentic self” without abandoning who she is as an African American woman, journalist, daughter, and mother. In the fourth chapter, Hall’s analysis of the auto- biographical manifesto focuses on surveil- lance and performance in Nathan McCall’s Makes Me Wanna Holler: A Young Black Man in America. McCall is all too aware that he is both “insider and outsider,” as he tries to define what it means to be an African American man while working in the world of journalism under the constant gaze of white men in the newsroom. The issues raised in the next chapter cover appropriation of sovereignty, as in Jake Lamar’s Bourgeois Blues: An American Mem- oir, and forgiveness in Patricia Raybon’s My First White Friend: Confessions on Race, Love, and Forgiveness. Lamar describes his problematic relationship with his father, followed by his encounter with the op- pressive nature of white male privilege and sovereignty at Time magazine, while Raybon seeks to find her new self through the act of storytelling. Telling stories leads Raybon away from victimhood and toward the deliberate act of forgiveness. In the sixth chapter, Hall explicates the four overarching themes connecting the newsroom experience of African American journalists and the connection to the black experience overall. Following the conclu- sion, there is an appendix to an annotated bibliography of selected memoirs by other print journalists and broadcasters, as well as an index. The inclusion of memoirs by nine additional women journalists is clearly recognition of their contribution to the genre and field of journalism. Hall’s analysis is a richly textured and cogent study that enriches our under- standing of the world of print journalism. By using the paradigm of standpoint theory from which to analyze experiences encountered by some African American journalists, Hall demonstrates the power dynamics at play in the newsroom, dy- namics that are likely to continue until (white) journalists “rethink themselves and their craft from the position of the marginalized.” African American Journal- ists is highly recommended for upper- level undergraduates, graduate students, and those who are contemplating a career in journalism or communication stud- ies.—Emily M. Belcher, Princeton University. Kay Ann Cassell and Uma Hiremath. Reference and Information Services in the 21st Century: An Introduction. 2nd ed. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2009. 461p. alk. paper, $69.95 (ISBN 9781555706722). LC2009-023650. The second edition of Cassell and Hire- math’s Reference and Information Services in the 21st Century: An Introduction opens with a preface describing the skill sets that reference librarians must possess and the organization of the work. They intend the skill sets mentioned in the book “as a means to fearlessly navigate 288 College & Research Libraries May 2010 through the sifting sands of reference.” Divided into four sections, the authors cover fundamental concepts for reference and information services, an introduction to major reference sources, special topics, and developing and managing reference collections and services. In the first section, “Fundamental Concepts,” chapter 1 introduces read- ers to the history of reference services and typical activities involved such as readers’ advisories, information literacy, promotion and marketing, and staff and service evaluation. Chapter 2 focuses on the reference interview, including steps to take in conducting reference interviews as well as things to avoid. The section concludes with chapter 3 on basic search techniques and common pitfalls to avoid. Part 2, “Introduction to Major Refer- ence Sources,” offers readers an overview of the primary resources consulted when answering “how, what, where, who, and when questions.” The authors discuss us- ing bibliographic resources, encyclopedias, dictionaries, indexes and full-text data- bases, government resources, biographical resources, and more. In addition, there is a separate chapter on “Answering Questions about Health, Law, and Business.” Each chapter opens with an overview of the resources and the ways librarians can use them. All have a list of the top ten sources in the topic area as well as a list of some recommended free Web sites on the topic. Each chapter also includes a list of the rec- ommended resources discussed in the text. The next section deals with Special Topics in Reference and Information Work, which include using the Internet as a reference tool, Reader ’s Advisory work, working with children and young adults, and information literacy. In the chapter on using the Internet, the authors include five steps to successful Internet reference and a chart of some general search engines, metasearch engines, and subject directories to use. The chapter on Reader’s Advisory looks at some common Reader’s Advisory questions and lists the top ten Reader’s Advisory tools. The work concludes with part 4, “Developing and Managing Reference Collections and Services.” The chapters in this section discuss sources for review and evaluation of reference works, how to manage staff and services, assessment of reference services, Reference 2.0, and the future of information service. The chapter on the future looks at new service models and competencies needed for 21st-century librarians. Cassell and Hiremath end each chapter with recommendations for further read- ing and a bibliography of works cited. Included in the Appendix is RUSA’s Out- standing Reference Sources 2005–2009, the association’s list of the best reference publications for small and medium-sized libraries. In addition to the subject index, the authors provide an index of reference resources described in the text. They also maintain a companion Web site at www. neal-schuman.com/reference21st2nd/. Librarians new to reference work will find Reference and Information Services in the 21st Century a great introduction to the field. Seasoned reference librarians will find the work to be a good refresher.— Nicole Mitchell, University of Alabama. Randall C. Jimerson. Archives Power: Memory, Accountability, and Social Justice. Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2009. 466p. alk. paper, $56 (ISBN 193166630X). LC2009-025519. The author makes it clear from the outset that this is a work of advocacy addressing complex ethical debates arising from the re-examination of traditional assumptions about archivists’ roles. Borrowing heavily from the views of such thinkers as Nelson Mandela and Verne Harris, and drawing from his own wide-ranging experience as historian, archivist, and former president of the Society of American Archivists, Ji- merson has crafted an informed, assertive, and sensitive challenge to the profession. There is no longer a consensus among archivists and historians regarding wheth- er archivists are—or should be—neutral guardians of historical source materials.