A SECOND PART OF SPANISH PRACTICES. OR, A RELATION OF MORE Particular wicked plots, and cruel, in humane, perfidious, and unnatural practices of the Spaniards.  
WITH, More Excellent reasons of greater consequence, delivered to the King's Majesty to dissolve the two treaties both of the Match and the Pallatinate, and enter into War with the Spaniards.  
WHEREUNTO IS ADJOINED A WORTHY ORAtion Appropriated, unto the most Mighty and Illustrious Princes of Christendom, wherein the right and lawfulness of the Netherlandish war against Philip King of Spain is approved and demonstrated.  PRO. 20.28. 
Mercy and truth preserve the King, and his Throne is upholden by mercy.  
PRINTED. M.DC.XXIV.   

MORE EXCELLENT REASONS OF GREATER CONSEQVENCE, DELIVERED TO THE King's Majesty, to dissolve the two Treaties, both of the Match, and the Pallatinate, and enter into War with the Spaniard.  
FIRST it is to be observed, that the State of Spain, not content with those ordinary provisions for the exercise of the Roman Religion, by the Infanta, and her family, (which other Princes in like case would have demanded, and which his Majesty with great reason, might at the beginning of the Treaty have conceived they would have been contented with: Have with great vehemency (upon advantage of having the Prince's Person in their possession) pressed a general connivance for all his Majesty's subjects of the Roman Religion; to the great dishonour of Almighty God, in the sincerity of his service in this Realm, and to the great derogation of the Laws of this Kingdom. And lastly, to the great discouragement, and grief of all his Majesties well affected subjects, from whose general discontent they expect (as well appeareth) a consequence of no small mischief.  
Secondly it is observed, that during the continuance of this treaty, and by reason of the same Popish faction, have exceedingly increased in this Realm, both in multitude and boldness.  
And whereas they have been divided heretofore amongst themselves into the part of the jesuites depending upon Spain, and the secular Priests otherwise, They are generally now strongly united together depending no less upon Spain for temporal respects, then upon Rome for spiritual.  
And considering the house of Austria hath been always a capital enemy to our Religion to increase their own greatness, by extirpiting the protestant party in all places where they can prevail. It cannot but be of most dangerous consequence, to the safety of the King, and the Realm unless remedy be provided with speed, for the abating of that party here at home, which cannot be during the time that these Treattses are on foot.  
Thirdly, it is observed, that by advantage of these Treaties, and thereby keeping of his Majesty in hope of a general peace, they have contrarily under the pretence of assisting the Emperor, oppressed the Protestants party in most parts of Christendom, being the ancient Allies and confederates of this Crown, to the endangering not only of the whole State of the reformed Religion, but also of the Common safety of all the professors of the same.  
Fourthly, during the time of these Treaties of love with his Majesty, they have with all kind of hostility, set upon his Majesty's son in Law, the husband of his only and most Royal Daughter, invadeing his Towns and Territories in all places, and infine disinherited him with all that Royal Offspring of all his ancient Patrimonial Honours and Possessions, to the great dishonour of his Majesty, and extreme grief of all his well affected Subjects. And now also at the last, when they should come to make good the hope of restitution, they have laid new grounds for endless delays, and turned pretended difficulties into apparent impossibilities, not forbearing also now to annex as a Condition to the weak hope of their uncertain and imperfect resolutions. That the eldest son of the Count Palatine, should be brought up in the Emperor's Court: so restless are their desires to work the overthrow of Religion by all possible devices.  
Lastly, it is apparent how manifoldly from time to time, they have deluded and abused his Majesty with their Treaties, how small respect they have showed to the Prince his Greatness and worth, what endignities they have offered again and again, to his highness, by importuning him upon all advantages to forsake his Religion, contrary to the custom of all Princes, and contrary to the ancient Laws of Honour, and Hospitality, who ought to have been used there withal Princely freedom, and pressed to nothing unto which he was indisposed, considering with what confidence (being so great a Prince) he had put himself within their power, although it pleased God to guide and fortify so his Princely heart, that he constantly withstood all their attempts, and stratagems, to his own immortal honour, and to the unspeakable comfort of the good people of his Father's Kingdom; Whereunto may be added their infinite advantagiousnesse, and endless delays in their Treaties. And finally what dishonour they have obtruded upon our Nation and Religion in inviting still to new Treaties, and turning all to the advantage of their own particular ends, being true to nothing but their own grounded Maxims, with which neither the Match nor the restitution of the Pallatinate can possibly consist, but upon such terms as threaten to our State, an incurable mischief.   

AN ORATION OR SPEECH OF THE RIGHT AND LAWFULNESS of the Netherlandish Wars against Philip King of Spain: Unto the most Mighty and Illustrious Princes of Christendom.  
Illustrious Princes of Christendom:  
GReat and Mighty are the Kingdoms in your possession, which extend far and wide, throughout all the world: but much more great, and fare more excellent are the virtues and knowledge, by which you hold, preserve and govern the same righteously, even to the uttermost extent of felicity.  
In the mean time let me now entreat you, o most peaceful Princes, that you will hear me with a friendly and well-affected mind, the sequel hereof, and fundamentally will understand wherefore the Spaniards do most falsely accuse us; That this peace was violated and broken by us: which accusation I hold to be very grievous.  
Among other Conditions, Laws, and Contracts of this peace, this was one of the chiefest and weightiest: That Don john should not admit any Spaniard or stranger, nor any of them; by whose counsel and advise it was evidently known, that the Provinces were brought into that extreme spoil, into the Council: And contrarily, he called, and sent for them to him, kept them in his Court, and in his most secret chambers; That Baptista Taxis, a most notable Spy, and enemy of our common affairs, who a little before had been Secretary unto Duke d' Alva, who was not only adjoined to his privy Counsel, but also was made and set over them. Besides him one Octavius Gonzago an Italian, as also he took unto him one Escovedo, a crafty Spanish Fox, unto whom he adjoined certain Netherlanders. But what Netherlanders I pray you? Those who partly had been the stirrers up and favourers of so many miseries; who were both hated of their native Country, and of all good men; viz. Barlemont, Megan, Hierge, Flojon, Hautepenny, Assonuille, and other plagues of their Country, who having ordained the Law of Lentulus, Catiline and Cassius, established the same with their counsels & deeds, viz. That all those that by preserving the Commonwealth would be preserved, should be declared for enemies.  
By this counsel and advice, the Spaniards presently, even at the beginning of this peace, should have surprised the Town of Gent, if the good and profitable counsel, and also the valiant deeds of the States, had not hindered the same; For don john himself could not refrain nor keep in his hatred and enmity any longer, which he bore to the Netherlanders, but had quickly forgot that sacred oath, which he had sworn, upon the Evangelists, before the Bishop of Shertogenboseh, and the Pope's Nuntius, or spiritual Ambassador.  
He had promised and sworn; that he would deal with all the soldiers in the Netherlands, who were 15000, about their Arrearages, to the end, that they thereupon might be discharged, like as in the agreement of the peace had been concluded. And contrarily thereunto, he promised the Soldiers, in the King's behalf, anew, to have greater means, honours, offices and rewards: and held a most mischievous counsel with Fronsberghen and Focker, Colonels of the Germane soldiers; part of whose wicked counsel he effected, and the rest being hindered by the States he could not effect.  
But yet to the end, that you may see and know the ground of this Business, I will in few words declare unto you how the matter fell out: For under these two conditions or covenants, viz. in maintaining of the Romish Religion; and in yielding lawful obedience to the King, did the whole Treaty of the peace consist.  
And when the States which had sworn hereunto with an high Oath, than were they presently admitted, that those affairs concerning the Land, which presently in the beginning of the treaty of peace were begun, but could not be concluded upon, that they should be dispatched and concluded in the next assembly of the States.  
But yet Don john, whose affection burned with a lust and longing desire, by some secret and concealed practice to break the peace, and to begin the war again, casting all these conditions and promises at his heels, made a way for those complaints which Philip, and all the former Governors had used as a cloak to cover all their intended wicked imgainations against the Reipublicke, viz. That the Hollanders and Sealanders neglected and despised the Romish Religion; and by that means the commandment of the King was neglected.  
Upon this Anvil did they hammer night and day? they assailed the States, and were exceeding troublesome unto them, counselling them that they altogether should begin the wars, against Holland, Sealand, and the Prince of Orange, who was the most eminent Champion against the unjust government of the Spaniards, who indeed had been exceeding beneficial to the whole Commonwealth.  
In this counsel Don john had his eye upon these two objects, which should be exceeding profitable and serviceable to further his intent; that by their Civil wars, the substance and treasure of the land might be exhausted, and they being weakened and bruised by their own War, that then he, with the more ease and conveniency might suppress them together.  
Whereas he still persisting with these desires and entreaties, being as it were dashed against a Rock by a Tempest: The States answered him; that it were better and more profitable for the Commonwealth, That concerning all those matters whereof Don john made his complaints, to have them by a friendly composition decided, and united, in the assembly of the States; and if they could have imprinted or persuaded him to have believed the same, we had never fallen into the miseries of a Civil War.  
For what is more repugnant to the common good, and to all humane Laws and justice; then to try by war, those controversies, which may be decided by Right and Reason. Arch●damus (though no Christian King, but of a stately, honourable any provident Nation) said; That it was unlawful to take Arms against those, who were willing to have the matter tried by Law. When and injury had been offered to the Romans themselves; they did not presently begin with wars: but did first send Clarigatum, that is, they caused those things that were stolen or taken away, to be more apparently and manifestly demanded again.  
But how profitable, good, and wel-ordred is the cumstome of the Commonwealth of the Venetians, which I lately saw and observed; where they will not suffer that the principal Nobleses themselves of that flourishing Commonwealth, should contend, chide, or maintain enmity among themselves, for, or about other men's small and petty affairs. But they bring the same into their Senate, or Council, and there they desire, pray, and admonish them, that they will remember, and be mindful, that they are all of them Saint Marks children (which name they have given their Reipublicke) and that they are brethren, and Burgeses of such a free and happy government, and that it was not beseeming for them, for any particular business, to cherish and foster any private dissension or hatred, which might thereafter prove to be more general, to the peril and danger of that Reipublicke.  
Which custom above all other affairs ought to be used in the affairs concerning the Land, and aught to be esteemed of in all wel-ordered Commonwealths. If this were so, we should not see one City so against another (oftentimes in one Province or Reipublicke) or one Nobleman so against another of the contrary party, to threaten war, murder, destruction, burning and blaking, nor violence to assault each other.  
But now to return to our former purpose, in respect that there are two sorts of Wars: the one with words by way of justice; the other with violence. The first being proper to men, the second to unreasonable beasts. And that we must necessarily avoid violence, unless the course of justice be denied us. Therefore we must believe that the States fare rather would have decided those controversies, by their good and wholesome counsels, by reason and conference; then to make them greater by War and spilling the blood of the Citizens. Contrarily Don john complaineth of the States very publicly: He reproves and upbraids them all for Rebels, and then deals with the High-dutch Soldiers no longer by secret dealing in the affairs very prejudicial to the Commonwealth (with whom very cunningly he had long time dealt with all) but then began he very publicly to deal with them; so that the whole discovery of that business, by diverse intercepted letters, was fully come to the knowledge of the States. And many things they daily saw with their eyes, as first when he removed his Court and family, with his Councell-companions to Bergen in Henegow (being a very strong Town, and very fit for his conjurations and complotings) and commanded that the same should be provided with a strong Garrison.  
Moreover, when as he surprised the Castle of Antwerp by Treachery, and did surprise those well provided and fortified Towns of Namen and Charlemont, and put a strong guard into them of his own soldiers, thinking thereafter by treachery to have taken in the Town of Brussels, So that already the principal and chief Cities and Towns, by the great number of his Forts and Citadels, where beleaguered and oppressed; and then he wholly began to set up himself against the Reipublick; and also many other things were then done by his advice and motion: whereas he according to his oath, aught to have advised, that all the soldiers should have laid down their Arms, and presently to have departed out of the Country.  
All which things appearing manifestly to the eyes of the States, who adjudged that the same tented to the subversion of the Commonwealth; they thought that they were bound continually to keep a good counsel-watch; neither did they turn their eyes aside from the Reipublick, from that time that he sought to have all the government alone, unto whom they in all officiousness (not being moved by any distemperature of mind) sent as Ambassadors unto him, Marolaus and Brusus, charging them that they should present and show, their full performance, innocency, and integrity, and should free them from all suspicion and evil conceit, (the which they most certainly knew, that he mischievously had dissembled,) that the faith that was given at Gent should be renewed: They should also promise, that the States should make diligent enquiry, and execute severe punishment upon those Treacherous murderers and conspirators, who (as he said) laid wait for his life, and had conspired against him; (making a show and dissembling, as if to prevent the same, he went to Namen:) They would augment his Guard more than those he had already, to the number of three hundred complete armed men, who should be all of them Netherlanders, the which before that time was never offered to any Governor or Ruler. And yet with all these supplications and entreaties they effected nothing; for there was neither modesty nor reason to be found in Don john. Nay, he could not bridle nor keep in his own evil arrogancy and audacious passion; but declared the same to Marollaus at the same time of his Embassage, boasting himself, that he now did wholly assure himself, and that he doubted not, but that he had brought under the subjection of his will and command, the City of Antwerp, that he had no lack neither of money nor men; that he now had all things in a readiness, for the furnishing of a War; and that he with his sword, would purchase unto himself a greater authority, power, command and government; then the States had promised and granted him in the pacification of Gent; and that it was his will, that these Ambassadors should report all these things unto the States, for he would not conceal any thing from them that he knew to appertain to this his intent and will. This matter is undoubtedly sure and certain, and sufficiently known before this, so that here it is not needful to produce witnesses. And although it be a very miserable thing, not to be able to deny, and very shameful to be confessed; yet I think verily that the Spaniards themselves (although they be less shameless than a man would believe they are) cannot deny this at any time. Don john had written unto Tre-longe, and to his other companions and fellow-workers of his secret tricks and conspiracies, That he had given as a Cymbrian spoil the wealth of the Citizens of Antwerp, for a prey unto his Soldiers. The soldiers ranged already through the City, as mortal enemies, and forced the Citizens to give them whatsoever they listed: Many of the principal citizens began to fly out of the City, and as it were banished: by which means the traffic and trading of the Merchants by shipping, began to cease. And although there were great and manifest tokens of their malignant enmity; yet nevertheless the States did bear all this very moderately and modestly, and indeed would have born yet much more, if that mortal and pitiful project which Don john intended, had not been discovered and made manifest as the day; even as if a man at the first sight seemed to perceive some liveless and insensible creature, and afterwards by more certain and sure signs and tokens, beginneth to think of what quality that was whereof he doubted: even so the States did also very easily understand, by all those things which they had seen, that this prince did cherish in his mind and counsels, an hatred tending to the ruin of the commonwealth: but of what quality that he was, and how fare he would extend himself over the reipublick, that they most evidently discerned and distinguished thereafter, both out of his own, and by letters from others. For there were many letters intercepted in Gasconie, viz. Two of Don john's, written by himself unto the King, and other from him written to Anthony Perez the chief of the King's Council; Moreover five letters from Escovedo to the King, out of which the States might assuredly understand, that there were fed and bred monsters, and strange impostures; that private conspiracies were there practised; that there was great dissension mingled among the Cities and the Nobility of the Netherlands; and by what means the same was effected; and how fit and serviceable it was that tyranny and the Inqvisition, according to that firm resolution of the Spaniards, should be brought in & established; and to that end soldiers, arms, and all warlike preparation very earnestly was required for the King.  
Consider and understand, illustrious Princes, the secret and privy conspiracies of this man: Hear the words which this man useth in his letters written to the King, which (as I said before) were intercepted. In regard that this body (saith he) is so unhealthful, that it cannot be cured any otherwise, but by cutting off of the unsound members, you must now carefully observe this occasion which is presented. And Escovedo adds thereunto the rest very amply, as a good interpreter of his meaning, who might very well writ that which Don john himself would not give to understand. This Escovedo was the right minion and servant of Audacity and Treachery, whom I think by reason of his nature and manners, was named Escovedo, because that he knew by his deceit to bring the miserable Netherlanders into his net. He wrote that unto the King which Don john would have him to write, viz. That it possibly could not be, that the Netherlanders should be brought under the pure and perfect obedience and will of the King, unless that first they were tamed and constrained thereunto with fire and sword. That therefore both men and arms were very needful, and that the same must be effected by war. By the which as a good architecture of the Spanish tyranny, he gave them to understand, that the cruelty and rigour which Alva and Requisenius had abused, must not continually be put in practice, but that the Netherlanders must be ensnared by a greater deceit and hypocrisy. Like as in Navigation, it is a point of knowledge to see before hand the storm, that although men cannot attain the haven, yet (if altering the course) you may attain thereinto, than it is a foolish deed to keep that course which before was taken with great peril and danger, rather than that you altering the same, might attain to the wish for haven. For so was his opinion, that the first raging and madness of the Spaniards must be somewhat mollified, and now must go to work with dissembled faith and promises. That Don john who had an incredible moderation, and an indifferent mind betwixt Ambition and Cruelty, might very fortunately effect the same. He advised by his own and his master's counsel, that England should be first surprised and conquered by war, and then it would be easy to surprise the Netherlandish provinces.  
In those letters which Don john sent unto Anthony Perez his special friend; He gave him to understand that he was of such a nature and condition, that he could not live still in idleness, nor could away with the laws of peace; and that his mind and conscience could not endure that he should wholly submit himself to the privileges and laws of the Netherlanders, but that he fare rather by force of Arms would obtain and effect for the King, a whole absolute, and unlimited government over the Netherlands.  
And if now you do not sufficiently see and perceive, that Don john first broke the pacification of Gent, where the same by so many and clear proofs doth appear. Then remember (by the Eternal God) remember, I say, what reasons he used to the Ambassadors of our States at March and Famines, when he said, that he would keep the contracts and conditions of peace so long, until that covenant which was begun, should repent him, that is, until he by his sweet entice, and hypocritical lenity, having rocked the States asleep, at the last might destroy them; and with them suppress the whole Reipublick. For after the death of john, Philip shown very manifestly that that same in very deed should have befallen us, like as he at Mechlen by the Lord of Selles certified and gave them to understand, that he would break the laws of the peace, and that he no longer would be bound to keep them. But I pray you for what occasion? was it for neglecting the Romish Religion? Assuredly it had never been more used nor reverenced with the like devotion, care and diligence, nor never was the zeal of our people so greatly affected thereunto as then. The Bishops of the Churches were then received; the Schools and Colleges were partly instituted, partly renewed and augmented. Finally, there was not any thing omitted that served for the maintaining of the customs and ceremonies of the Romish Church. So that our netherlands might well have compared, matched and striven with Italy and with Rome the chief seat and Metropolitan of that Religion. The which the Pope's Nuntius, (or spiritual Ambassador) who in his behalf was sent unto us, shall not deny the same. For he writing himself unto the Pope concerning this, saith, that he did much admire, and was therefore exceeding joyful, that those prescriptions and duties (or services) of the Romish Church, were exceeding well maintained by the Netherlanders in great devotion and piety.  
How and after what manner the affections, wills, and devotions of all our States, and of all the Netherlanders were affected to the king, I need not to make repetition; neither is it needful to prove, that they delighted or loved any thing so much as to fulfil the king's commands, and to show obedience thereunto. The Trophaes, Pyramedes and Pageants which were made and prepared so sumptvous and costly to the honour, and at the entrance of john, can testify this. How did all the Nobles with such exceeding joy, wishing him good luck, receive him? How did all the people with great mirth and rejoicings receive him? What banquets and sumptuous feasts at the lands charge, were then with much delight made for joy thereof, that this peace was made and concluded? And what great triumphs all the Netherlanders made and demonstrated upon all their theatres when this peace was made, is yet testified by all the inhabiting strangers, who were thereat exceedingly droven to admiration, yea were even astonished.  
It was no otherwise then, but as if the Netherlanders had then found the beginning and principles of a wel-governed Commonwealth in the person of this their Chief, or Governor. Yea, thou thyself john, if thou wilt but enter into thine own heart and conscience, shalt not be able to deny the same, That the Netherlanders did fully keep and observe all the contracts and conditions of the peace, which they were bound to keep; and never denied obedience unto the commandment of the king, if they were not more vile than the commandments of Manlius, if they did not to too much oppugn the laws and privileges.  
But to the end that I may produce one instance which fare exceeds all men's admiration; and which shall perfect this our disputation: you must for a certainty acknowledge, that the states had undertaken with force of Arms to have forced the Hollanders and Zealanders to have done those things which you most desired, which was the induction, and as it were the groundwork of your accusations and complaints, if in case they by right, reason, and conference, could not be brought thereunto; which things you altogether scorned and rejected, and to the end that this one pretext, this only pretence might remain for matter for your false accusations; And that this might be a just occasion for your conjurations: yet this occasion was not sufficient thereunto, neither could it be sufficient enough, in regard the same is manifestly known unto all men, not only to Netherlanders, but also to all strangers, who either saw the whole business as it was carried, or else have heard the same reported: That the Hollanders and Zealanders have always entertained, received, and accomplished the precepts and commandments of the King, no otherwise then if they had been the Oracles or commandments of God: That they never were careless nor negligent in their offices or duties which by the law of Nature they were owing to their Prince. Yet this I will freely confess, (which I will attribute and consecrate to their immortal and most high commendations) that the Hollanders and Zealanders were the first counsellors, and shown the way first to the other Provinces, to free and to maintain the common liberty. For I will at the last, O you most provident men, you most mighty States of Holland and Zealand, convert and turn my speech and oration from those wicked and horrible dealings of that dishonourable man; to your virtues, valours, and abilities. Should I so slightly pass by the worthiness and valiant deeds, and manly courage, whereof every man's mouth is full: and for which every one so highly commendeth, loveth, and honoureth you for.  
You have evermore with a valiant, constant and persevering courage, resisted and rejected that most intolerable and most cruel servitude and thraldom of the Inquisition, or Faith-presse. And if they now say, that the authority, respect and commandment of the King consisted therein; and that you in respect thereof, would not give way, nor be obedient unto the same; wherein indeed consisteth your glory, and whereof you may justly boast; Yet you confess, to your great commendation, that you have given these occasions unto the accusations of Don john: That you, being free from all faults, yet in this you are and will be faulty. And herein you may boast, That you with an especial providence and wisdom, have carefully watched and kept yourselves, so that at no time, neither by any of these, nor any other Spanish treacheries, perjuries, tricks, or traps, you have been cozened, debauched, nor ensnared: that you were the first which were inflamed with a singular constancy and courage, to deliver the Reipublicke from the grievous yoke of tyranny and cruel government. That you with the torch of your liberty, have been a light to enlighten all the other Provinces. And that you had fare rather, by these long-during wars, be spent, die, and endure all kinds of misery and adversity: then to forsake your customs, laws and privileges. I beseech the Lord God, by whose only conduct, grace and assistance, you have achieved such admirable things, that you may prosperously continue & persevere therein from henceforth perpetually. Now will I turn me again unto that from which I have digressed, and recommend unto your judgement and arbittrement, Oh Christian Princes, all what I have spoken of the deeds of Don john. Take notice, judge, and speak what you think thereof. Considering that of all the States parts, there is nothing omitted, which by the law and contract they had promised to do: and contrarily for Don john's part, of the ten parts of the agreement or composition, which wholly he ought to have performed, he hath not discharged any one point thereof well nor honestly as he ought. And hereby you may see, with what justice and equity we undertaken this business, and how we (having undertaken the same) have dealt and proceeded therein.  
For when the States perceived, that all their hope and trust for the cashiering of those great numbers of the German soldiers was frustrate, and that they were laid in the cities, towns, and mouths of the frontier garrisons, and that they kept Namen & Charlemont, being Cities and Castles that were very well provided; to the end that Don john that way, might receive and bring into the Netherlands that great army which he had desired of the King in his letters; and moreover they perceiving that the hate and envy of all the soldiers was turned upon them, and that they with an exceeding greedy desire longed for the pilaging of the greatest Cities, And that they attended only but for the least sign and token of their Prince, to have fall'n ravenously and furiously, as raging beasts, and to have ceized upon the lives, goods, and means of the Netherlanders. That Don john himself, and other naughty people daily threatened the ruin and subversion of our native Country. That they by the demostrations, hand-writings, mouths and letters of their confederates, were themselves convinced. That they all had agreed to set the cities and towns on fire, and to have slain all the Nobles and chief of the Citizens, to have destroyed the Netherlands, and to have rooted out the Reipublick. Who is he then that would not be awaked and stirred up for the defence and preservation of the common good? Who is he that with good counsel would not prevent the treacheries of john: Who would be so unprovident, and such a coward, that would not defend and maintain his own life, with weapons and war? Assuredly reason hath taught the learned; necessity the Barbarians; custom the heathens; and nature itself the unreasonable beasts, to repel violence with violence, even to their uttermost ability.  
You yourselves, Oh great and gracious Princes, which possess kingdoms freely and in prosperity; may easily know and understand this; and know also that even so it must be done. But what do I say, that you must know it? All the Spaniards our enemies do know it, and will freely confess the same. For they demonstrate it in their deeds, that the same hath been just, and is so yet. For considering that Henricus Castellanus (being a bastard) and the great Grandfather of King Philip, did expel Peter his lawful brother and right heir, out of the kingdom, because he seemed to use tyrannical dealing: and because he seemed to domineer contrary to the laws and customs of his kingdom; And, that King Philip upon the same conditions that he inherited Spain, did inherit the Netherlands, (viz. that he should maintain and religiously observe the laws and customs.) Wherefore then may not we, as the Spaniards did reject Peter, even as well reject Philip (who oppresseth his subjects with an unjust and unlawful government) and expel him with our arms for ever out of our Provinces.  
But I fear, O Princes, that I have too much abused your patience, and that my oration seemeth to have run such a course, that I need not add any thing more thereunto. Yet I entreat your leave, that you be pleased to suffer me, though very briefly to continue in that which Philip sought to effect after the government of john, by the deceit of an hypocritical and dissembled peace; to the end that you may clearly see and perceive, wherefore that we, so long as the world stands, may never make any peace with Philip, but now and for ever without ceasing, are bound to War against him. The very name of peace (I confess) is exceeding sweet, a peace that is good and sound: But between peace and that bondage which is cloaked, covered, and falsely folded up in a concealed peace, is indeed a very great difference. Peace is a still and quiet liberty: but that bondage, or all manner of fear thereof, is the extreme of all evils and mischiefs. Such was the peace, (if a man may call that peace) which induced, or rather seduced the Netherlanders even unto Collen.  
When at the States by their Ambassadors and letters unto you and your predecessors, Oh all you Princes of Christendom, had again entreated; that you by your authorities, respect, and exhortations, should ratify, establish, confirm, and look unto that peace which Philip after a new cozening manner should make, that the same should not be deceitful: Like as he certainly and most maliciously by his deceit overthrew the fame. For the Spaniards than made no delay, but presently brought in new dissensions into Artois and Henego●e, causing them to fall away from the other Provinces, over the which they even unto this present have dominiered. Afterwards by force of Arms, violently they surprised Mastricht, and moreover and above they, partly by violence, and partly by great promises, have sought to get into their power many other cities and provinces.  
And finally is that Vlisses-like-wit Alexander Farnesius Duke of Parma, brought out of Italy, who like unto a most crafty and cunning birdcatcher, with the song of his lenity, and promises of great rewards, ensnared and captivated all the Cities and Towns of Brabant and Flaunders.  
Of this Prince I could say very much, which I am constrained to omit: Yet this one matter I cannot pass by in silence; That, although in the time of his government he effected many things very great and eminent for Philip, yet could he not escape of being suspected, as if he would have undermined the King in the government, because that through his gentleness, linitie and amity; he had drawn unto him the affections of all the Netherlanders, and that he also seemed perspicuously to have looked into, and also to bear a hatred to the wickedness and fraudulent treacheries and deceits of the Spaniards. Therefore Philip gave him fungoes, or Toads-bread to eat, which Agrippina had so commended to the Emperor, to the end that by the power and operation thereof, he might be admitted, counted and received into the number of the gods.  
But I pray you, what was that at last for a peace, which as a Comet or bright shining star, shined unto us out of the firmament of the Spanish treacheries unto which the Duke of Parma counselled us, at what time the Arch-enemy stood, as it were, over our heads, and that the incredible great Spanish Fleet filled and covered the great Ocean or main Sea? A Fleet which was so terrible to behold, that I can hardly judge, whether the Fleet that Xerxus had, which covered the Sea called Mare Ponticum had a greater number of Ships, more Soldiers, or greater warlike preparation. With this Fleet Philip had thought totally to have suppressed us: who were at that time ravished, as it were, with that pleasant and delightful sound of peace. Yet when this Fleet, by the only power of the Almighty God, was wonderfully destroyed and brought to naught; then presently by the Emperor's Ambassadors he offered these Provinces a new Treaty of Peace, to the end, that he thereby might transport all his Army and power of war out of the Netherlands into France. The treacheries which many years before he had plotted against that kingdom, began then to have a wonderful good progression: For his natural kinsman Henry being made away by parricide, (or his murdering of a kinsman,) and the state of all that kingdom, being utterly confused with Civil war; then the matter, and the present occasion required, that he with Arms and a mighty Host should prosecute his design, in that flourishing and famous great Kingdom of France, which Kingdom he by violence having taken in and conquered, he might thereafter, without any trouble at all, have subjugated those Netherlandish Provinces, and all the other Kingdoms of Christendom.  
What? Is it yet lawful for me, or may I yet speak any more of Arrereges, or residue of the dangers of this Reipublicke? Yes, it is lawful for me, and it shall be lawful for me always to stand for the dignity of my native Country, and to confess the truth. Like as all good Orators, or eloquent speakers, do ever keep some of their most forcible and ponderous Arguments to the last. And like as experienced Generals use to place their best soldiers in the last ranks; even so Philip in these latter years presented a peace unto these Netherlands, which should be adorned and confirmed with notable fidelity; the whole foundation and chief ground work thereof, lay and consisted in the virtues, mercy, endeavours, diligence, and in the love of the Archduke Ernestus his sister's son; who, after the Duke of Parma, was placed in the government of these Provinces: He promised these Provinces a peace; not such a peace as should be limited with any grievous or heavy conditions and contracts, like as the former was; but such a peace as they themselves would wish or desire. In the mean time Philip sent his great and huge Armies into France, and his secret murderers into Holland, to have murdered the Illustrious Prince Mauritts, Earl of Nassow, a famous and notable imitator of the virtues and valour of his father, and a singular defender of our Liberty; and by such an odious and treacherous villainy, to have made him away; like as they, but a little before, by a most cruel and treacherous hand, had murdered his most worthy and valiant father, the Prince of Orange.  
And finally Philip concluded many more mischievous, and more wicked purposes against these Provinces, than ever before he could have bethought himself of. I do not speak any thing unadvisedly, o Princes, but that which thousands besides me of good reputation, can testify in faith and verity, and that which Phillips own letters do make good.  
What then? Meaneth the king of Spain, that our States by any propositions of peace, can be diverted from their enterprises and designments? Doth he not yet know and understand, that all our affections are so abdurate and hardened, that we will far rather yield and give place to Arms and War, then to any kind of new invented peace-treacheries, after what manner soever the same might be propounded? Or, thinketh he peradventure, that the affections of our States every day, lie open to his desire and appetite? What? Is he yet ignorant, that the counsels of all our people, with a general consent and uniformity of voices, are long ago united and knit fast together in this point; and that they will fare rather honourably in war and Arms live and die, for their Laws, and for their native Country; then from henceforth shamefully to sink or quail, under his treacheries and deceits? What, do I say sink or quail? Nay, to come into the extremest evils of Tyranny; to be bound with untolerable and inhuman bonds of slavery, and to be reckoned and accounted among those slaves that are bought and sold. We have prepared, made ready and sharpened, a perpetual and an everlasting war and Arms against him: we neither have, nor may cast our eyes upon any other peace, then upon such a peace as is grounded, confirmed, and may be maintained with force and Arms.  
But in regard that a little before I began to speak of France, and to prove that our war partly was joined with that same; therefore I will proceed to add some other matters hereunto, by the which you may evidently see and perceive, how many treacheries, traps and deceits that Philip hath laid for them.  
He hath a long time since, as you know, O Princes, laboured and endeavoured to assail France, with all the violence and force of his war; to the end that he by the occasion of the Civil dissensions in France, might effect so much by his wars and charges: that if he could not swallow and devour the whole Kingdom; yet that at the least he might get a great part thereof. For he had made his full reckoning and account before hand, by preparing of that cruel Fleet, that both France and England had been a prey unto their enemies: Whereas those good Princes, notwithstanding had nothing at all endamaged him, neither was he by any juiustice provoked to that war; unless peradventure it be, that he thought this occasion sufficient; that the Pope, at the will and desire of Philip had excommunicated those two flourishing Kingdoms, for their exercising and ministry of the Reformed Religion; who for the extirpation and eradication of that Religion; Philip as a Cato Maior, with the puissance of the Romish Censores (or correction masters) useth to have regard unto all the Kings and people of the earth, and therefore to correct and punish them, which is indeed a matter known unto you all; for which no man can sufficiently wonder at the shamefulness thereof, and might now neither be passed by nor omitted. And that Philip in these wars of France dealt most earnestly, and with the greatest diligence and alacrity, with the Duke of Feres, and other Spaniards of the League, whom he as companions, had assisted in that war, to have estranged the Right and Title of the Crown of France, not only from the succession or descent of the King's blood and kindred, but even from all Frenchmen, and to have drawn the same to Spain.  
These things are so certain, O Princes, that there is no man which doubteth of the truth hereof. But to what end do I bring these into your Remembrances; What is this to maintain the purpose I have in hand; For this end it serveth; thereby to prove how exceeding great the ambition is of this most cruel Tyrant; and to the end you may perceive and see how greatly, not only we, but even all of you together, must keep good watch and look unto it. For like as the nature of the Vine, is to extend the branches, as the arms thereof fare and wide, and therewith embraceth and layeth hold upon every thing that is near it, if it be not lopped and pruned; Even so shall Philip, if you do not all at once make resistance, at the last destroy and devour all Christendom, with most cruel and bloody war.  
Moreover, he by his Btibery, and secret conspiracy had lately effected so much in Scotland, that some of the chief of that Kingdom, should have received and taken in twenty thousand Spaniards, if they had not been punished (after the matter was known and revealed) according as their treason deserved. I need not to think with myself, that I can sufficiently express with words, what treasons, what perils, what dangers, he, so oftentimes hath attempted against the Queen and Kingdom of England. Can ambition and violence proceed yet any further? Yes truly, For the like treacheries practised he a little before against the principality of Collen, the Dukedoms of Gelder's, Gulich, Clean; the County of Berghe, and that ancient Imperial Town of Aken: All which is most manifestly and apparently known by good Testimony, and by his own letters. And who knoweth in what lurking hole and corner of hypocrisy and dissimulation, he hideth and sheltreth his most mortal hate against the most mighty Princes of Italy; whom (as soon as the wind of the first opportunity shall blow (very suddenly, shall be turned into coals and ashes, by his unquenchable and fearful great flames of War.  
Do ye not yet see and perceive enough, o Princes, what treacheries and deceits that Philip prepareth, for your most happy Kingdoms and Provinces, which are your Patrimonies? Considering there is no man so blind nor senseless, who seethe not, and understandeth not that the ambition of Philip never resteth, but daily draweth him from land to land, and raiseth a new war out of war; So that he by wars, sin, mischief, and mere villainous deceits and treacheries, under the pretence of a seeming-peace, seeketh to deject and detrude every one of you from the seat of your Government. For this his desire is unsatiable and immoderate, and cannot be included nor shut up, neither in Heaven nor in Earth. If that all Phillip's Kingdoms which he useth commonly in that long train or tail of his most proud Titles and Terms of Honour were put or laid into one of the Seals of Critolaes' balance, and in his other seal his Ambition or greedy desire of Honour; All the Kingdoms would scarcely weigh the quantity of one grain, in comparison of his Ambition.  
Alexander the Great looked about for more worlds, when he had conquered the whole world; but Philip would, if he could, with the Giants assault the heavens. And therefore, O Princes, and you most peaceful Princes, I entreat you, and I would admonish you, that you judge no more of the occasion and lawfulness of our war; but in your judgements and opinions to hold it for good: and I exhort you most earnestly again and again, that you by all means, both in your understandings, and with all your powers, will take heed of the treacheries, robberies, and mischievous practices of Phillip's deceit.  
In former times, whenas the Athenians, partly with war, and partly with deceits and treacheries, sought to get unto themselves certain near adjacent places, as the Cities of Syracuse, Lacedaemon, Messena and Catina: they by their immoderate Ambition, and desire of others Rights, drew such an hatred upon their own heads, that Darius the most mighty King of Persia, with the whole country of Grecia, voluntarily undertook and prosecuted war against them, unto which every man ran and hasted, as to quench a public flame. But you, O most Illustrious Princes, ought long ago to have expelled Philip, (with your conjoined forces from you, and from your prosperous States) that seeketh continually your lives and Kingdoms, by most unjust war, and by most wicked enterprises.  
And it concerns, and is fitting, not only for you, who for a long time since, have been provoked, spurred, and stirred up thereunto, by the many injuries and ambition of Philip, but even you altogether, who see and perceive, that he incroacheth with violence upon the limits of your neighbours; and with an easy and slow pace creepeth and incroacheth towards your Countries. It standeth you upon in time to look unto it; to the end, that your neighbouring Countries, being conquered and brought under his slavery and bondage, Tyranny, when you lest think upon it, do not encroach upon you.  
When as Philip of Macedon, the Father of Alexander the Great, after the Battle with the Tribaldes, had entertained a long dissembling war with the Athenians, the Thebeans assembled themselves for this occasion; fearing, lest when the Athenians had been conquered, the fire of their neighbouring-warre might have flown unto them. And a little before, there being a confederacy made betwixt two of the mightiest Cities; who, before had been at extreme enmity with each other, terrified thereby, and by their Ambassadors, all the Country of Grecia: esteeming it so, that a common enemy ought and must be repelled with common force; so that if the first invasion of Philip of Macedon, had had good success; he would not have held up, nor rested until he had conquered and subjugated the whole country of Grecia. The Romans in former time, perceauing that the power of the Carthaginians increased and grew great, they had an especial care that the Carthagenians should not grow so great as to overmaster them: And for that end they sent their soldiers to relieve the Mamertines from the beleagring, and to relieve Spain from servitude of the Africans.  
Although that the Venetians are not very lightly incited to war, but when the matter of necessity constraineth them: Yet they never tefused to send their warlike power for the succour of others that were under them, when they perceived that their neighbours contended with each other, with an unreasonable and an immoderate violent ambitione.  
These, and the like even to an innumirable examples (or foredeedes) do teach you, how carefully you must take heed of that most pestilent evil, of the Spanish ambition; and do show; or prove, that it is a righteous and just cause, that even all you with one consent with us, prosecute a war against that Tyrant.  
For our States do know, that the occasion of their war against Philip, is not only exceeding just and righteous, and ever was: but also, that they at no time, now nor never, may cease their war, that they may make no peace with Philip, but always must maintain war against that Tyrant. For we are taught by our friends, how we must take heed of our enemies: For if Philip do gape and long so earnestly, and with such diligence for your Kingdoms; like as you see he daily doth; how then shall we speed? For assuredly he will never lay aside Arms before that he hath subjugated all the Netherlands under him, because it is a Country so fit for his purpose; who, out of them may attempt many enterprises upon your Kingdoms, and daily may begin to raise new wars against you, and draw out of them Soldiers, Arms, and all manner of warlike provision against your adjacent Countries. And therefore he would fare rather cast the greatest part of Christendom for a prey to the Turk; then to cease these wars.  
At the last Parliament in Germany, he would not consent to furnish the Emperor with any soldiers, nor assistance against the Turk; and the reason was, because he might the better vex Christendom with war.  
Do ye yet doubt of this, O ye Princes, which you yourselves have seen, that Philip in the beginning of our civil commotions, had far rather lose two Kingdoms, Tunis and Goulet, which the Turks, under their General Sinam Bascha then recovered from him, then that he would for a while cease his wars with us; or would remove his Soldiers out of these Provinces, against the most deadly and mortal enemy of all Christendom.  
And you know how many Soldiers, how much Arms, and what charges Philip hath been at, and wasted, to maintain this war against us. So that if you would but reckon up the same, you shall find that he might have bought and purchased two Netherlands with that money: although notwithstanding they be very great, rich, and exceeding copious. So that there is no doubt of this, but Philip would far rather endure the greatest loss that might betide him then that he would leave Bellgium with out bellum, or the Low-countries without long encounterings of war, with out strife, without soldiers, that they might live in peace and quietness, freely and wholly according to their Laws and privileges. For by this war, and with the conquest of our Provinces, he will lay and establish the strongest foundation and surest groundwork of his Monarchy, Sole-dominion, Tyranny, and cruel Government. For when he saw and perceived that these Countries were so singularly fitting for his cruel treacheries and desgnments, and that our Laws and Liberties contraryly did wholly oppose the same: therefore sought he first of all with war, with force and violence, to pluck up, tear in sunder, and with violence, to oppress the same, to the end, that his subjects of other Kingdoms, which at this present he hath subjugated, or else might subjugated hereafter; from this our concording, and general defence of our Laws and Liberty, might take no example or instance, with the greater courage and alacrity, to stand for, and maintain their liberty.  
What do you then judge, o you most peaceful Princes? or what is your conclusion that our States ought to do, who chief seek for the common good of their native Country? Verily it cannot be with them, as it is under the Government of a cruel Tyrant, and as it usually is in ill-governed Reipublicks: they are not used to be lead, and to submit themselves at any time, with cap and knee, as flatterers do? to the wills, desires, and lusts of their superior Lords, nor to be dealt with all as hired slaves? considering that they never would admit nor suffer, that their Laws, Liberties, nor their Reipublick, should bow or submit under the yoke of unjust and unlawful Government: But have as good fathers of their native-countrey; as good fighters for their freedom, and Defendors of their Laws, (like as it must be in a Reipublick which is moderately and civilly governed by their Prince) directed their designs, wills, and government of their superior Lord; according to their Laws, and the preservation of their Liberty.  
Do you think that the Spaniards shall spoil and cruel vex and torment our Reipublick; and that we with shame will leave and quit the same? Shall we neglect our dear country and liberty? Must we despise the laws of our predecessors? And shall they pervert & turn topsie-turvie our civil orders and policy into tyranny? And shall we with wring hands look upon the coarse, and behold the exequys or funeral of our patria and native country? Shall they rend & tear in pieces the body of our commonwealth, and like most ravenous beasts devour the same? And shall we like slaves, with praying and entreating, hardly preserve our own lives, goods, and means? Or do ye not far rather laud & extol with the highest commendation of honour, this will and affection of our States, for their manumising and preserving of their dear and native country? Incite and exhort you them to proceed as they are best able, and to the uttermost of their powers, for the preservation and manumising of their own lives and liberty? Come not these things daily into your remembrances, when you think of the Netherlandish war, or discourse thereof, which I have now demonstrated, and with sure and infallible and uncontrollable reasons proved unto you, viz. that our States, & all the Netherlanders, being drenched and soaked in misery, and oppressed with the cruelty of the Spaniards; and being expelled out of their native country, of mere necessity were constrained to take Arms against Philip. And that now all the other treacheries, infidelities & injuries which the Spaniards during the time of these wars have done unto the Netherlanders, being so great, so inhuman, and so incredible, that they themselves (so to speak) do earnestly exhort, do require & command, that the States with a constant courage, should keep and maintain their arms, and neither now, nor never, to lay them out of their hands; but to show unto the other subjects of Philip (those of Sicilia, Calabria, Lombardy, Arragon, Castille, India, & Portugal) yea even unto yourselves, O Illustrious Princes, I say to show, and with valiant deeds to prove, that not only we, but all of you together, yea and all men upon the face of the earth, far rather ought to dye, then to behold or look upon the face of that tyrant.  
Do ye yet think, or can you imagine with yourselves, that Philip, with the limits of our country, hath limited in his tyranny? Do ye not yet see and perceive, that the high ascending and mortal flames of the Spanish tyranny, devoureth and swalloweth up the tresholds, doors, and turrets of your kingdoms? Arise, and at the last awake out of this your sleep and carelessness; come hither with speed, and in all haste fly hereinto, for to quench these universal fire-flames. Wherefore do ye seek unto us against our wills, by your counsels, authorities, and respects, to induce us to make peace with Philip; whereas it had been more fitting, that you yourselves long ago, with war and force of arms should have expelled Philip, and with an especial force and power to have suppressed him?  
And to the end I may speak unto you all one after another, you most mighty Princes of Germany, be sensible, that Philip in your Dutchland doth not hunt after a cruel and unjust government; but (so to speak) doth possess the same already. For he having once conquered these Netherlandish provinces; when you will not bow and submit to his government: he will have all the havens of the sea, and the mouths of all the German rivers at his own will, and in his own power: thereby afterwards to impose such grievous tolls and taxations, upon your navigation and trading, or else wholly will hinder the same, even as it shall please himself. And this is that for which, and in behalf whereof, one or two of the provinces do appear in your assemblies and consultations: you hear him publicly speak his mind, and you esteem and prefer his tyrannical advice and counsel, before your own prosperity and tranquillity. You have him, the Bishop of Frisinghen and Hildeshem preferred before; and you have seen them made Princes and Prince-Electors of the Empire; The Bishop of Collen, Liege, and Magdeborgh: and you have seen that the most ambitious Duke of Bavaria hath laid snares for you all.  
And to the end that I may turn my speech unto you, O you illustrious & mighty powerful Princes of Poland, hath not Philip brought a great number of that generation of mankind, (I say jesuites) into your Country, by whose religion and policy they have brought almost the whole world into an uproar, to the end that he by their means, with Sun-shine-like deceits, might propound unto you what his will and counsel is.  
To you also, most peaceful Princes of Italy, I have already said, and say again, that the sword of the Spanish tyranny hangeth by a very small thread over your heads, already naked and drawn out of the scabbard.  
And for you, O most illustrious Senators (or Privy Councillors) of Venice, you yourselves have seen and beheld the tyranny of Philip in your own State and government, when he sent money to arm the Turk against you; and diverted the power and force of the Turk from his own dominions upon Cypris; although that he by thee quity and right of the covenant, had been exceedingly obliged and beholding unto you.  
Therefore O Princes of Christendom, yet even now, at the longlast, be careful of your own estates and affairs, of your own lives and prosperity; mark and consider it well, that Philip is enemy and tyrant to you all, and suffer him to live no longer in the world: but resist and impeach his ambition to reign, and that his pestilent and mortal government proceed no further. And like as some certain members are cut off when they begin to be without life and blood, and are hurtful to all the other parts of the body; even so must you also esteem, that this inhuman cruelty in humane shape, must (so to speak) be separated and cut from the common body of men. Verily the deed of the Persians is much to be commended, and aught to be well thought upon of you all; who when Comets and Oropastes two of their Magicians (or wise men) by the like tyranny and murder of Smerdis, King of Persia, possessed the Kingdom: they were slain by the valour of seven of the ablest Princes of Persia, all of them running with a singular affection, diligence, and burning zeal to kill and to destroy those tyrants with their swords, one of the Magicians clasped about the neck of one of the Princes whose name was Gebrias, which made his companions to linger the more, because they would not kill him in steed of the Magician (for this was done in a dark place) who commanded the Magician to thrust his sword through his body. Yet in the end the Magician was slain, and this valiant Gebrias (who had rather to have died, then that the tyrant should have escaped with life) was saved, and had his life preserved, Such an hate did these men bear to tyrants.  
The Grecians informer times attributed divine honour to those men who had slain a tyrant, And do you think that the Netherlanders shall do evil, or more unjust, that they oppose and resist Philip that inhuman tyrant.  
The Romans expelled their King Taquinus Superbus, because that he, did but in some sort weaken the state of their commonwealth; and shall we suffer or endure Philip in our commonwealth, who not only with fire and sword would destroy and turn-up-side-downe all the Netherlands, but even the whole world? No, by no means. Our States without doubt, will proceed and prepare the way for you to break off, and to expel this tyrant. They will persevere to divert, drive away, and to foil him so fare and wide from suppressing and killing of our prosperity, that once, not only they and theirs, but also even the other provinces of the Netherlands, may bere-established in their former liberty, and may lead them out of the straits of the Spanish tyranny, and repossess them in the possession of their predecessors. That finally, they being reestablished, and better ordered, and united and bound with the Provinces of the whole Netherlands; they may stop the incursion and invasion of this cruel tyrant, and altogether with one accord may expel him from their prosperity, and from their common liberty. Amen.  
FINIS.   

AN ADJOINDER OF SUNDRY OTHER PARTICULAR WICKED PLOTS AND Cruel, Inhuman, Perfidious; yea, Unnatural practices of the Spaniards.  
To the well-affected indifferent READER.  
GEntle Reader, there being so much spoken, as thou mayst perceive, by the foregoing first Part of the Spanish practices, touching the cruel, inhuman, treacherous, perfidious; yea, unnatural practices of the Spaniards, in most parts of the World, which may sufficiently delineate him in his deserved colours, that whosoever beholds him may mourn to see this Hazael so to tyrannize over the innocent, and that the Lord should permit, and the earth bear such an unheard of monster; yet notwithstanding, much more might be added in sundry other particulars, as the Dutch Chronicles mention, and other Writers have well set out: amongst which, although I myself be a stranger by Nation to them; yet since the time of my abode here, having attained some understanding in the Language, I have thought fit to add some further particulars, which in my reading I have observed, and could add many more; but my purpose being only to annex a few things, I will not enlarge, lest I add another Treatise. But before I come to what I intent, I have thought fit having some oversight in the publishing of this Treatise aforegoing, to note by the way, 
The Dutch word Ghesante signifieth indifferently Ambassador or Messenger.  the ill translating of one word, in the 21 folio, it is touching the Princess of Parma, the Translator terms her a crafty Quean, whereas the word bears no such sense in the Dutch, but signifies one that hath a sharp wit to deceive, as is said of the serpent that beguiled Eue. Beside, that that is translated Ambassador, speaking of such as were sent from the States to the King, I conceive to be more fittingly rendered Messenger.  
First, thou art to understand, gentle Reader, that the King of Spain was lovingly received here in the 17 Provinces, and a solemn oath was taken on both parts; the King for his part swore to maintain all their Laws and Privileges, and they to him all due homage and allgeance: He presently demanded of them a sum of money, whereupon the States did assemble, and collected for him 40. millions of Florines, of Brabant's money, to be paid in nine years, and paid it into his Exchequer; and although it was more than they had paid before to his predecessors, yet upon this he did take great displeasure against them; and, as they writ, he for this did hate them to death.  
But he pretended this to be the cause of his wrath, because he saw that there were some among them, that did defy the Pope and all his Religion: but that could not be, for the City of Aelst was as superstitious in that Religion as Rome itself; for they did persecute the Reformed Religion even unto death: and yet for all that both they, and 170 fair Villages that belonged unto them, were by them plundered and spoilt of all their goods, and many of them wounded and tormented for to confess where their money was, and many were killed. Thus much by the way.  
My scope and chief intent, is to show the first and just cause of the wars in the Netherlands; whereby the diligent Reader (not partially affected) may clearly understand, that the Netherlanders did not rebelliously take up Arms against a lawful Prince, (as some ignorantly think and speak) but justly and religiously defend themselves against a perfidious Tyrant who sought their ruin, by all possible means he could, and the subversion of the whole State. A long while they patiently underwent his cruel oppressions, and intolerable vexations, as the Histories clearly manifest; till there was no hope, but either they must become slaves in soul and body, worse than that of Israel in Egypt, they and theirs for ever, or else be butchered by merciless executioners of a cruel Tyrant. 
The Inquisi●●● was there 4. years before.  This Tyrant having a purpose to innovate all things, to root out the ancient inhabitants, and to frustrate all the Laws, Customs and Privileges which himself had sworn to maintain, knew not how better to effect his evil ends, then by raising a bloody Inquisition to set over them for their government; which said Inquisition (raised in Spain) concluded and pronounced certain Articles, the tenth of February 1568, which were confirmed by the King, the 26. following. Now because it may appear I do them no wrong in this charge, I will lay down the Articles themselves verbatim.  
The most sacred Office of Inquisition so often attempted in the Netherlands by his Majesty, and hindered until this time, shall be instituted and advanced in this manner, which is most expedient.  
1 They must persuade the Emperor, being gone astray, and wickedly confederated with heretics, that he resign his Kingdoms unto his Son, with the whole administration of the netherlands.  
2 That the Emperor with his two sisters, having given over all affairs, leaving the Netherlands, shall retire into Spain unto Us, being assured that they shall never return more to do any harm.  
3 These being dispatched, we must also draw the king to us, and keep him for ever that he part not, and not suffer any Flemings to have access or conference with him.  
4 That the King write unto, and command the Clergy of the Netherlands that with the Inquisition they should accept of 15 new Bishops, the which should be free from all secular jurisdiction, yea in cases of treason.  
5 The subjects of the Netherlands through their malice and waywardness, will revolt and move seditions and tumults, pleasing to all but to our company.  
6 The Princes and Noblemen, heads and authors of those factions, with the subjects, must be taken away, and the others reduced unto reason.  
7 They shall hire at our charge thiefs and spoilers of Churches and Images, whose offences shall be by all the world imputed to Rebels, by some subtle means, and so we shall vanquish them.  
8 That all Commerce, Negotiation, Liberties and Privileges, shall be rooted out, and that all be reduced to extreme poverty, whereby the realm shall be permanent for Vs.  
9 No man of all those Countries (except he be of our faction) shall be held worthy to live; and finally all to be rooted out: and all Goods, Possessions, Arts, and Trades, and all Orders to be taken away, until there may be a new Realm, and a new people.  
10 In this action the wise and valiant Duke Alva shall be employed in person; whereas any other, were he of the blood Royal, or a Prince, shall be of no esteem: so as being suspect, yea in the smallest matters, they must be dispatched.  
11 No Contracts, Rights, Promises, Donations, Oaths, Privileges, and solemn Assertions of the Netherlands, shall be of any force for the Inhabitants, as being guilty of high treason.  
12 But above all we must have an especial care that in these matters of so great weight and moment, we proceed not violently, but by means, by degrees, and that discreetly, to the end the Princes, Nobility, and inferior subjects may mutiny amongst themselves, so that one may persecute, yea execute the other until at last the hangman be executed himself. For in all Christendom is there not a Nation more foolish and indiscreet, and whose levity and inconstancy may sooner be deceived then these Netherlanders and God punisheth them accordingly.  
There were other Articles found in Precedent Vergaes' chamber at Antwerp, and there Printed; and those are more cruel than these.  
By these articles and unlimited power of these lawless Inquisitors, no man had any assurance of life or goods for a day, but were in danger continually to be called into question, either for the law of their God, or for some work of mercy, which either religion, moral equity, or the bond of nature called for: or else if they had colour for none of these, they would impose such unreasonable taxations, which if the Cormorants had not their gorges crambed full, they would make prey of all, whether by right or wrong it mattered not. But my purpose being to avoid prolixity, and to pass by impertinencies and needless repetitions, I will come to that I intended. In the year 1565, a match was concluded for the Prince of Parma, and the nuptials were solemnised at Brussels, whither all the Nobility and Gentry of the Country were invited, and accordinglyt, here met of them about four hundred, who like faithful Moses being grieved to see the daily oppression of their brethren by the hard taskmasters of the Inquisition, who not only rob them of their goods, but also by inhuman cruelty, and unnatural butchery, deprived them of their lives, who daily led them as sheep unto the slaughter: The consideration hereof they jointly laid to heart, and hereupon (being met upon this occasion) they resolved to present a petition to the Princess of Parma, which they did the fifth of April next following. The Earl of Breedrod delivering the petition, humbly requested a favourable answer. Three days after they received this answer, viz. they should send two of their Noblemen to the king, by whom she would write in their behalf. The Lord of Barlaymont being present, after their departure said (like a flattering Courtier) they were a company of Rascals and Beggars.  
It was concluded that the marquis of Bargain, and the Lord of Mountigny should go into Spain, who humbly presented their suit to the King, but could get no answer in 16 Months after.  
The 26 of August anno 1566, the Princess of Parma sent for the Gentry, telling them she had received letters from the King, containing promise that all should be well, and that the Inquisition should cease. And for the Proclamations they should not be of force, but his Majesty would take such order as they and the State should well like of. The Princess also gave them toleration for their Religion, on condition, they should not deface, nor break down the ornaments of the Churches: for, there had been before this time vild and lewd persons that frequented the meetings of the Reformed; these went into the Papists Churches, stole their silver and what was worth carrying away, and broke down their Images: but the Reformed suspected that this was done by the appointment of the Princess; neither was their suspicion without good ground, for it is to be seen in the King's letters, Art. 7. that she had order to hire this rascal company to do this villainy, 
Emanuel de Mitre saith, that in Flanders they took 50. of them at one time, and hanged 2●, and whipped the rest.  which fact was imputed to the Protestants, to the end that they might not only be odious there, but also seem guilty, even in the judgement of other Nations; howbeit the offenders were punished with imprisonment, yea, with death, even by the Reformed themselves, who jointly confessed the action unlawful, and were so fare from having occasion of offence in this nature, that Papist Burghers themselves offered good security that no such thing should be attempted by them. Who then can make any doubt that they were free from giving any hand in those outrages laid to them, the very opposites in Religion being judges, who as appears were willing to undertake for them; now as their faithfulness brought so good effect for their persons, so did the Lord work that the truth of Religion found many friends likewise, the Lord wondrously prospering the course of Reformation, in so much that in short space they had in Flanders 60 Assemblies, some Churches themselves builded, but were by Duke d' Alva soon cast down, who erected gallows of them, and hanged them upon them.  
The Princess of Parma also began to entertain soldiers with pretence to apprehend the Church-robbers, but intended indeed to take away the ancient Liberties and Privileges of the Netherlanders, wherefore sending certain companies to Valencyn, the inhabitants denied them entertainment, who for that were proclaimed Rebels the 14 of December, soon after they were besieged, sacked, and many of them put to death.  
But before they of Valencyn denied entertainment to the soldiers, 
Let pretended it for religion, but his aim was to get their lands and goods.  the Nobility had received letters out of Spain, from the marquis of Bargain, showing, that the King was exceedingly incensed against the Netherlanders, that he had in the presence of many vowed to be fully revenged of them, though it were with the hazard of all his Countries; that he would make them an example to all the world, and would invite the Pope and Emperor to assist him in this quarrel. Upon the receipt of the letters the Nobility assembled at Dortmond to consult what were best to be done, but concluded not any thing, some judging it safest to join, and make head to resist his tyrannical fury, other seeking rather to escape by flight.  
Now was the Inquisition again brought in contrary to the Laws and Liberties of the Country, which the King was sworn to maintain, for execution whereof there were appointed 12. Inquisitors, commanding them to receive the Council of Trent, these were called, The bloody Council, and so they were indeed, which Rome well knew, refusing it, anno 1559. when as they fell upon the Inquisitors house, set it on fire, wounded the chief of them, broke open the prison, and set at liberty the captives, and would have burned a Cloister that belonged unto them, had they not been by fair means dissuaded by two Lords in the City, viz. Marc▪ Antonio Colunus, Iuli● Caesar.  
Likewise Venice, Naples and Milan, though they be Papists, would not suffer it; the Merchants of Lisbon who are as superstitious in the Romish Religion as any in the world, yet they did offer the King two millions and a half, that they might not have it in their parts.  
Yet the cruelty of this Inquisition did here increase, and many soldiers came into the Country, that some of the Country forsook their houses, and resorted towards Freezland, and some did stay at home, and went to meet Duke Alva, and welcomed him into the Country, and shown him all the kindness they could, 
As the Grais of Egmond, & the Grais of Horn, & many of the Gentry at Brussels, 1568.  but he very shortly took off most of their heads, so that he did so terrify the inhabitants, that there fled out of the Countries more than an hundred thousand householders, besides many that were taken in flying, were taken and hanged, and all these had their goods confiscated to the King.  
The Prince of Orange, and the Earl of Bredrod, and fine Earls, eight Lords, and fifty Gentlemen, and they had some fine thousand of Soldiers being in Freesland, but were most overthrown by the Duke of Alva his forces; so that they were driven to Embden land, and there prepared themselves to the sea.  
Now the Duke of Alva did command all the inhabitants to pay the hundreth penny of all their goods, and of all that was bought and sold▪ the which some of the States did yield unto: And then he commanded them to pay the twentith penny: and then he commanded the tenth penny of all things that were bought and sold, so often as they should be sold. Some of the States did make their humble petition to the Duke, and to the Princes, showing them that it would drive all trading out of the land. The Duke of Alva told them that he would have it, though it did ruinated all the land; but if he saw them to do their best to pay it, he would deal favourably with them. 
All the prisons were filled, in so much as they were forced to prepare more, and filled them also.  But he said that it was against the King's honour if they should not pay it, seeing it was his pleasure to require it. And now did the Inquisition imprison and execute many of the richer sort, as well Papists as of the reformed Church: and if they were rich, there was no escaping for them. And whosoever was found to have any hand in way of suit and petition to have the tenth penny to be remitted, they were adjudged to have committed high treason against God and the King; and all these must forfeit life and goods to the king, and not any of their children to enjoy one penny worth of the same: but (poor Orphans) they must beg their bread. And some that had been buried certain months, they caused them to be digged up, and hanged on the gallows, and some to be burned, because they had not the sacrament, and confessed before their death; but it was because he would confiscate their goods to the king: yea when these insatiable gold-thirsty and bloodthirsty wretches wanted colour to cover their injustice and cruelty, they had their officious imps (false-witnesses) suborned by Jesabel, to get Naboths' vineyard; witness Marti● Hutton, who was one of the Inquisitors Clerks, and (being committed to Prison) did acknowledge that he had made many false testimonies against sundry rich persons, some whereof were of the reformed Church. Here might fitly be brought in the hundred Merchants of Granado, who were of the Roman Religion, and were never other; what pretence had he to cause them to be murdered all in one night, and then presently to command all their goods to be brought to his treasury of Exchequer, whose estate was worth more than 28 hundred thousand pounds sterling? Now as this tyrant was a devourer and destroyer of the lives of men, so did he presume to usurp further, not only upon civil ordinances, but upon the things of God; so that those that were married in the reformed Church, he forced to be married again: and if they were rich, he took them from their husbands, and gave them to his soldiers to make prize of them. Those that were baptised in the reformed Church, he compelled to be baptised again, contrary to God's word, and to the decree of the ancient counsels, so that intolerable were the burdens this cruel Pharaoh laid, so excessive was his cruelty, that he filled all places with blood, blood touching blood, as the Prophet speaks. For in small towns he executed 50, and in great towns 200, and 300 or 400. And in places as men traveled from one town to another, they might see many that his soldiers had hung up in trees to death, and some were worth 80 thousand guldens, and some less: yea, this tyrant did confiscate so much lands and goods, as by his account sent into Spain, did amount yearly to 8 tun of money sterling, besides the many thousands that he & his soldiers had. All the money that he did exact out of this land in 6. years, did amount to more than 50. millions of gold. And if any were known to have any thing that did belong to any that were put to death, and had not brought it to the knowledge of the Inquisition, they did lose both life and goods: yea the 16. of February 1566. he gave sentence in his Court at Madrill, that they were all traitors against God and himself. At Vtrecht he beheaded a widow that was 84. years old, because she had before lodged a Preacher one night, whose living was worth four thousand guldens yearly. And at Mastricht a father for lodging his son that he had not seen in a long time, that was fled for religion, was put to death. And at that place there was one put to death for giving a widow a peck of corn for an alms, whose husband this bloody Court had put to death. And many women were put to death, because they received their husbands in the night that were fled for religion; yea, they have killed women great with child, and ripped up their bellies, and taken out the child and killed it: and some they have flayed alive, and covered drums heads with their skies, and some they have tied to a post, and made a small fire round about them, and so roasted them to death.  
At Naerden they received the Spaniards friendly into the town, 
The like cruelty they did at Ondwater.  who promised them both their lives and goods; and as soon as they came in, they commanded them to come to the Statehouse without their Arms, the which they did, and the Spaniards gave fire upon them, and murdered them all: and then they ran about in the town, and ravished the women, and after killed them and fired the town. The young children that lay in the cradle, they quartered them, and took them upon their pikes, and so went up and down the town, rejoicing in their cruelty.  
Such savage cruelty is scarcely to be found in any History, what Christian heart can hear it, and not be affected with deep sorrow, yet behold some monsters herein have been found, that have been so fare from humanity herein, (for he that hath humanity in him will commiserate others calamities) that they have applauded it, as if he had in all these outrages done God good service. Amongst the rest, I shall content myself at present, but to name the holy Father the Pope, and one of his chief sons in this business. The Pope sends his Legate to commend these so rare exploits, and calls this cruel Duke Alva his beloved son, sends him a costly sword, the hilts whereof were of Gold, and a hat wrought with gold, and be-set with rich and costly stones, thanking him for his good service in maintaining the Romish Religion, and subverting of heretics. Howbeit that his chief son I mentioned (exceeding this man of sin, in the sin of cruelty, as if he would verify himself to be tenfold more the child of Satan, than his father the Pope) thinks not so well of it, his name is Vergas, the Precedent of this bloody Inquisition; for going shortly after into Spain, he told the King, that he and Duke d' Alva, did mar all in the Netherlands, by showing so much mercy to those people.  
Concerning this Duke d' Alva, of whose outrage and cruelty so many have felt, and perfidious dealing which many have found by lamentable experience, whereby may easily appear of what stamp his excessive mercies are, even such as the Wiseman speaks of Pro. 12.10, the tendermercies of the wicked are cruel. In which he prids himself, 
These words he spoke at a banquet, as he sat at the Table, rejoicing he had done the King so good service.  boasting he had slaughtered eighteen thousand and six hundred, in form of justice, in six year's times, and ten times so many he and his Soldiers murdered otherways. And many more would he doubtless have murdered, had not the Lord restrained and limited him, for his desire herein was as hell, that cannot be satisfied: Witness the purpose of his proceeding against the Magistrates of Brussels, because they did not collect the tenth penny so as he desired. He swore that he would have it, and before he would let it fall or remit it, the Sun and Moon should leave their shining: so he went to Brussels, and commanded the executioner to prepare ladders and ropes to hang up that night in their doors 70 of the citizens, 
Anno 573 1 April. 1. I have instanced but 4 or 5 towns, but there were scarce any town escaped their cruel pillaging, except they had bribed their Commanders with exceeding large 〈◊〉.  and gave them his warrant in writing what they should be: But God in his providence prevented this his cruel purpose, in that there came news that the Grave of Mark had taken in the Brill, so the tyrant did not go forward with his bloody enterprises.  
Thus having given you a taste of some of those many things I have observed concerning the intolerable oppression, and worse than savage cruelty of the Spaniards, exercised upon the people, which they endured and laboured under the space of sixteen years; I will now leave these cruel tyrants to the Lord for judgement, and address myself to speak somewhat further concerning this Earl of Mark, who had those Gentlemen with him that fled. Before this he had lain with his shipping in England, but the King of Spain sending his Ambassador to our Queen (who was then in peace with him) to desire her that she would not suffer his subjects to have their harbour in her land, and that she would not give them or suffer them to have any relief whereby they should make head against him: and hereupon the Queen sent and commanded them out of her harbour; and she commanded that they should not be suffered to have any provision in her coasts, so that now they had no other means but only God, who did in his mercy provide for them better than they expected. For they were purposed to have gone for the Tassel, and to have taken some town about that part; but when they came near that part, they had the wind contrary that they could not come there, so they went for the Malse, and came with their ships before the Brill, and there they went presently and took it; yet the Duke of Alva had his forces in the town, near so many as they were, whom they presently killed and chased out of the town, and out of the Island. The Prince of Orange being in France, and hearing what had happened, he sent them soldiers with as much speed as could be out of France. And within one month after Duke Alva sent certain companies to Vlishing to keep that place strong for himself, and many of the Commanders were come into the town: So the Magistrates commanded the citizens to come presently upon the Statehouse, so they told them they must lodge the Spaniards in their houses, and they knowing how they had used the Citizens in all places where they came, they told the magistrates they would not have the Spaniards in their town. The Magistrates asked them which of them it was that did refuse to receive them. They said, All of them. So the Magistrates seeing them so earnest against the Spaniards, they jointly took their Arms, and killed and took prisoners all them that were ●n the town, 
He had appointed those to be executed because they were they were the chief that stood against the payment of the tenth penny.  & with their Ordnance they shot at his ships where the Spaniards were, and they made away. And of those that were taken, there were the names of about 80 that they had in writing from Duke Alva that dwelled in the Island, that they should put to death. So those of the Bril sent their soldiers with speed to help them. And shortly the Prince of Orange came with forces and defended them; and some other towns, seeing the cruelty of the Spaniards, forsook the Spaniard, and joined with them, and took the Prince of Orange to be their Protector, yet the States notwithstanding did remain in obedience to the King some seven years after.  
Again, it is further worthy to be noted, that these Provinces did three times send to the King their Noblemen, but could obtain no mercy, and many more times they went to the Princess of Parma, and made their humble petition for redress of their oppression, but could not obtain any favour, than they made friends to the renowned Queen of England, and to the Princes of Germany, and to the Emperor, who did earnestly entreat by their Ambassadors for them. The King of Spain answered their Ambassadors with these words; he bade them tell their Masters, That they should meddle with their own subjects, and not with his, for he knew well enough how to rule his subjects without their counsel. Now when our Queen's Majesty found his unreasonableness and cruelty, then and not before, she assisted them with Arms. 
Ann. 1575.   
His own son Prince Charles did entreat for them, that it would please him to let them have their Laws and Privileges, and that they might not be so oppressed; 
Marplam in his Chronicle an. 1567.  and withal he told his father that those Countries did belong to him, and that they were given him at his Baptism, for the which his father sent him to prison, and he never came out again. If the Lord would not have forgot what Amalek did long after, for smiting the weakest & hindmost of his people, how may we in equity forget the infinite murders, and spoils, this cruel Tyrant hath executed wherever he hath prevailed? And who can forget in special that bloody attempt against ourselves, in the year 1588.  
If I should trace this Tyrant from place to place, I should run in infinitum, having made the name of Christianity hateful, by his cruelty, amongst the Heathens that know not God further than the light of nature: for it is confessed by the Spaniards themselves, that some of the chief of the Jndians, 
They were exhorted by a Popish Priest to mind, that after this life, there was one place for joy, and an other of torment.  who were to be burn to death, being told of heaven and hell, they asked whether the Spaniards went when they died? It was answered to heaven, Oh then said they, we will never come there, for we will never come where the Spaniards are. But not to run so far, I will rest content to keep me within the bounds I chief intended concerning these Countries. When the Citizens of Leyden were in great extremity, by reason of a long siege, the Spaniards proffering conditions of peace, if so be they would yield up the City and themselves to them, they returned answer; Not while they had a right hand to hold the sword, or a left to eat; but if they should be driven to fall into their hands, they would rather burn the City and drown themselves, then to submit to them, of whose perfidiousness they had had so lamentable experience: and when some of the Citizens pressed a yielding, in respect of the extremity of famine, a Burgermaster, called Peter Adrianson said; Loving friends, I confess the famine is great, and that some do die for want of food: yet rather let us agree to eat up one another, as it shall fall by lot, begin with me first, and divide me amongst you.  
At Antwerp, the Spaniards by the appointment of their Governor did come into the City in battle order, and marched up and down their streets, and shot into their houses, and made a tumultuous noise, as if they had been so many devils, for one day and two nights, and took the keys from the Magistrates, 
They did this as well to the Spiritualty▪ as to the ●●poralty no sort excepted.  and set watch at the Ports; whereby they put the Citizens in so great fear, that many women with child fell in travel, and some died with fear: and they went by 12 or 20, into the best houses, and commanded them to prepare them the best cheer, as boiled and roast, and other dainty dishes, as they list to call for; and besides beer, 
They did offer them two parts in money and the third ●●cloth, but they cried all for money.  they would have at least two sorts of wine. And all the chiefest Citizens houses had at least ten of these guests. And they all cried out for money, and said that they would have 15 months pay, before they went out of the City, of them; and the Magistrates told them that they would procure them in cloth, and apparel, and money the sum; but they all cried out for money, and that money they would have before they went away; so at the last, the Magistrates got the money, which did amount to 400 thousand gulden's. And the charge they were at, 
I do make but a short relation of some of the cruelties they did against this City yet there stands in the Chronicle, one quire of paper of their further cruelty▪  which these companions did cost the Citizens, was 600 pound sterling the day, and thus they were oppressed with them 28 days, in which time they had made them all rich suits, some of satin and velvet, and some of cloth of gold: and one of them had a cushion of velvet, with these words in letters of gold. I am the Dutchmans' Bridewell Master. And thus they got r●d of them for the present. And about two years after they came again, and then they used the Citizens much more cruelly, for these devils did bring straw, and set on fire, and put it into the houses, whereby they set nine rich streets on fire, and burned them with many rich and costly goods, and rifled the Citizens of all their rich and costly jewels, and siluer-workes, with their money, and three days did they torment the inhabitants for money: 

That they are now and have been this 30. years more 〈◊〉▪ I easily yield it. But why? not that they have changed their former nature, for they still hold the former principles of the Council of Trent, but being more subtle, and finding their Kingdom is more weakened, they dare not so presume as formerly.  
In the year 1580. the States proclaimed King Phill●p to have l●st his right, by reason he violated his oath. A Spaniards kindness to his friends.   and in this time there was murdered of the Citizens above four thousand. The money they took at that time, is reckoned for more than 40 tun of gold, beside the jewels and the loss they had by fire, was as much as the rest. And thus was the best City of Merchants in Europe ruinated.  
At Risell there was a Spaniard would force a rich woman to have the use of her body, and the woman cried out for help, and her husband came, and two of his neighbours to help his wife, and they thrust the Spaniard away, and he ran into the street and cried Spaynea, Spaynea, and there came many Spanish Soldiers about him, and they rushed into the house, and took the man and his neighbours, and carried them before the Magistrates on the Town-house where they were assembled, and there before them he complained of them to be rebels, and stirrers up of vp-ro●es, and told the Magistrates that if they did not presently put them to death, they would burn their Town, and execute them themselves, whereupon they durst do no otherwise, but hanged two, and whipped the other.  
divers things being manifested of the Spaniards cruelty, I will add one instance of their treachery, and that of a famous person to his nearest familiars; yea, when he pretended sweetest familiarity & friendship. Pope Alexander the 6. a Spaniard by birth, invited diverse Nobles & Cardinals to a banquet, with a purpose to poison them all. The meetest instrument he made choice of to effect this, was a Spaniard, one Caesar Burgia, his sworn servant. The Pope shown himself wonderful pleasant to avoid suspicion, and drank a carouse to them all; willing that his trusty servant to fill from such a bottle he knew well: which he did very effectually to the Pope himself as well as to the rest. After the company was departed, the Pope perceiving by an alteration in himself, what was done, and that he must die now also, said to Burgio, This is a right Spanish trick. It is written of them that they are so expert in these exploits, that if judas himself were alive, he might go to them to School.  
I do beseech the Lord to show mercy to my native Country, that they may never come under the government of the Spaniards, and give them hearts to repent of their transgressions, and that they may sincerely embrace the Gospel of jesus Christ, to their endless comfort. Amen.  
Yours to command in all services, for the advancement of the truth of jesus Christ. S. O.   

O Thou most high God, which guidest and governest the heaven, the sea, the earth, war and peace: Thou which givest laws and commandments to Kings, Princes, and to all people upon the earth: Thou that appointest and givest conquests, triumphs, and trophies, the signs of victory: Thou which dost hinder and divert overthrows, dangers, and all unjust dealing: Anse, O thou great God, and oppose thyself against the enemy of all justice and peace; against the enemy of thy praise and honour. We beseech thee, that with thy providence and wisdom thou wilt order our endeavours, and relieve thy people, that thy most holy name may be adored and honoured with all perfect piety and true religion. Amen.  
FINIS.