THE Abridgement of the English Chronicle, First collected by M. john Stow, and after him augmented with very many memorable Antiquities, and continued with matters foreign and domestical, unto the beginning of the year, 1618. By E.H. Gentleman. There is a brief Table at the end of the Book. Imprinted at London for the Company of Stationers, 1618. Dextera Domini me exalt abit. To the Right Honourable Sir George Bolles Knight, Lord Mayor of the City of London, and to the Right worshipful the Aldermen his brethren: And to Sir Anthony Benn Knight, Recorder of the same City. Edmond Howes, Gentleman, wisheth all health and felicity. RIght Honourable and grave Senators, the blessed and peaceful entrance into this land, and joyful possession of our Liege Lord, of his immediate right of the Imperial crown of England, and the utter banishment of all doubt in the Regal succession, with the universal heart's applause of all his highness English subjects, who with one consent acknowledged their love and duty unto his lawful right in Sovereignty, all which in the speedy effecting and establishing of peace in this kingdom was much more than either our neighbour Nations held possible to be so easily performed, A appeared by their great admiration upon the certain knowledge thereof, or was rightly understood of the multitude that wholly enjoys the benefit, as too plainly appeareth by their wilful ingratitude & forgetfulness, seeing their long continued fear so quickly suppressed, and beyond all expectation converted into as great freedom and tranquillity, as either their hearts could wish, or is enjoyed by any other nation. All these, and many other high blessings of Almighty God still succeeded one another, & no man would once hold up his finger to make present acknowledgement or public understanding unto posterities, of the boundless and wondrous works of God in these our days, as also of the manifold remarkable accidents which have happened of late years. These motives, I say, with the earnest persuasions of divers grave and honourable personages, who never ceased to accite me unto this present Act of Chronologie, have directly caused me to perform this general business, in which my tedious labours I have been intolerably abused and scandalised by Thraso, Momus, Zoilus, and other backebiters, & detractors: concerning whom, sith it is the least of offences to offend offenders, I will neither vex myself, nor trouble your patience in seeking to please the envious and insatiate. But forasmuch as I highly prise the good content of the honest, wise, and virtuous, thus was the course and manner of my proceeding herein. After I had well observed, that no man would lend a helping hand unto the late aged painful chronicler: neither in many months after his death, that any would expose or show themselves to prosecute so good a work: and albeit that in this interim, & before, there were many named to have already entered into this Labyrinth, yet not one appeared: whereupon I remembered the saying of the Philosopher: That the naming of many friends, is a main impediment unto friendship. And as in that, so in this; then for my own clear satisfaction, & full assurance, that I would neither prejudice nor prevent any others better proceeding, I entered into particular conference with every man whose names had been divulged. Some of them of honourable rank and reverent quality: all of them learned, & of good sufficiency, some whereof answered me, they thought that the giving out of their names in this sort, was rather done by their secret enemies, of purpose to draw them into capital displeasure, and to bring their names & lives into a general question, then for any other intent of good: other said, who doth this work, must flatter, which I cannot, neither will I wilfully leave a scandal unto my posterity. Another said, I cannot see how in any civil action a man should spend his travel, time & money worse, then in that which acquires no regard, nor reward, except backebiting & detraction. And one amongst the rest after he had sworn an oath, said: I thank God that I am not yet mad, to waste my time, spend two hundred pound a year, trouble myself, & all my friends, only to gain assurance of endless reproach, loss of liberty, and bring all my days in question: & like as these spoke, so did many others. And in conclusion, I saw it utterly refused of all. And by this time it was generally observed, that this work was wholly neglected. Then many of my friends began again to animate me, and very seriously required me to make supplement: whose kind persuasions prevailed so far, that I promised them to do my endeavour, only for one years space, wherein my good will exceeded my best experience, as I found afterwards, for that it is not a year or two wherein a man may obtain the particularities of truth, neither accomplish any thing to the effect in this solid and variable employment. Then forthwith I repaired to the most honourable superiors, unto whom I humbly signified my zealous love, duty, and diligence in this general service of my Prince and Country. Of whom I received very gracious encouragement, & honourable instructions. And after that, upon conference with divers grave Elders, lovers of virtue, and favourers of the City's honour, by whose direction, with all meekness I manifested my willingness unto the Lord Maior, and Court of Aldermen, being then resolved, neither to break my former promise, nor to neglect so great and general a good for any depraving speeches, or malevolent aspects, with all integrity; since which time I have spent in this business sixteen years without any great cause of encouragement. May it therefore please your wisdoms rightly to understand that in all my proceedings I have neither presumed too far of myself, nor done aught that might discourage, or prevent any other. And thus much for the cause and manner of my proceeding. Now right honourable, and most worthy Elders, whose state and government is renowned through the world: what is he that hath any understanding, and knows not London to be the most flourishing and peaceful City of Europe? of greatest antiquity, happiest in countinuance, most increased, chief in prosperity, and most stored with plenty? and here I might allege many ancient precedents of pleasures, profits, time, and state, whereof never any subordinate Magistrates could equal yours. But seeing few words to the wise suffice, I will only speak a word or two by the way. The promised blessing unto the ancient Israelites to possess a land that flowed with milk and honey, is with seven fold measure heaped on your heads, your city filled more abundantly with all sorts of silks, fine linen, oils, wines, and spices, perfection of Arts, & all costly ornaments, and curious workmanship, than any other Province: so as London well deserves to bear the name of the choicest storehouse in the world, and to keep rank with any royal City in Europe: her Citizens rich and bounteous, witness their franke-giving of more than twice seven fifteen in one year, and their long continued charges and expense, as well upon all occasions by sea and land for defence of their Prince and Country, as in aiding and relieving their distressed neighbour Nations, and in performing many other worthy matters for their own honour, the delight of strangers, and the relief of the poor, as otherwise: so as without offence it may truly be said, that the liberality of the Londoners, is but half known to their common friends. Peace and plenty in the highest degree possesseth now your gates and palaces: all nations repair with willingness to be partakers of your happiness: many other glorious Cities have many ways wanted these incessant blessings: witness the famous City Rome, which hath been often spoiled and sacked: the City Moscow, which not long since was twice spoiled with fire, the first by her enemies, the last was a private politic practice of her own Emperor. The like misfortune hath befallen unto the great City Constantinople. Stately Antwerp hath felt the smart of divers changes within man's memory. Populous Paris of late years was glad to beat down her own Suburbs, and cut her skirts shorter, lest other should sit upon them: Cracovia, Lishbon, and many other royal Cities were glad and fain to seek and sue for that which is freely given unto her. These last have I cited to be as a looking-glass to London; sith it is as impossible for any to know their proper face & feature without an object, as it is for any people to be truly sensible of their own felicirie, that have not seen nor tasted others misery. And thus (right Honourable and grave Fathers) although it was my meaning to have used brevity, yet being enforced to the contrary, I crave your pardon, lest I have offended by prolixity. And because I will for ever be exempt, and free from all danger of all precurrant vipers, lurking Adders, and venomous tongues, I here conclude, with tender of my love, and the continuance of a double prenticeship, not only of these my free offered labours in this Abridgement, but also my larger Book, the which I likewise recommend unto your kind acceptation, having as well formerly as at this present proclaimed a cessation from any further supplement or continuance of the general English Chronicle, to the end they might and shall for ever be truly understood, that I have no coherence with the envious who never did good themselves nor speak well of others, being ever desirous to do my best to avoid all impediments that may any way impeach others better proceedings, wishing you all increase of your hearts desire, and everlasting happiness. TO THE HONEST AND friendly Reader. FOr thy sake with the rest of my loving Countrymen, and for the modest delight of other Nations, of what quality soever, through the earnest persuasion of many my good friends, favourers of knowledge, I was the rather induced to perform this business, and to arm myself with my best patience against the daily injuries and discourtesies which in these affairs I have endured both in Court and Country, without the least part of pride or presumption on my behalf. A time may come, to their disgrace, wherein I may retort their undeserved malice. But as concerning the ignorant, proud and envious, it will be hard for me to escape their brainsick imputation. For my own part I acknowledge others excellency, and my own insufficiency. What I have done, was in a kind of voluntary necessity; as is evident: for that every man (so far as I could perceive) though they thought it a very good work, yet they held it no wisdom to run headlong into judgement, and for the pleasure of others to waste their time, spend their money, displease superiors, and endure the cruel censure of the multitude, only upon hope of Master Stows reward. All which, notwithstanding, for the general good of all men, & without intent of offence to any, seeing so many memorable accidents like to be buried in oblivion, I have undertaken sixteen years supplement, and enlarged it with very many memorable antiquities. And according to my promise I have published my larger work three years past. The manifold abuses which have been offered me by the shape of man, and the small respect by those of good spirit, and solid substance, have so checked my forwardness, that I stand amazed, having already been condemned, and judged before I was tried, or heard to speak. What I have written, is free from leazing: Be thou therefore of what Religion or condition soever, expect nothing here●● contained, to be written for any purpose of flattery, time service, or offence: truth I sought, and truth is here set down. Peace and good thoughts possess thee. Farewell. Thy very loving friend, Edmond Howes. A DESCRIPTION OF ENGLAND SCOTLAND, WALES, and Cornwall. BRitaine, is an Island in the Ocean Sea, situate right over against France, one part of which Isle Englishmen do inhabit, another part Scots, the third part Welshmen, and the fourth part Cornishmen. All they either in language, conditions, or laws, do differ among themselves. England is the greatest part, which is divided into 40. Counties, which we call shires: whereof ten (that is to say) Kent, Sussex, Surrey, Southampton, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Dorsetshire, Somersetshire, Devonshire, and Cornwall, do contain the first part of that Island, which part bounding towards the South, standeth between the thames and the Sea. From thence to the River of Trent, which passeth through the midst of England be 16. shires, whereof the first six (standing Eastward) are Essex, Middlesex, Hartfordshire, Suffolk, Norfolk, and Cambridgeshire. The other ten, which stand more in the middle of the country, are these: Bedford, Huntingdon, Buckingham, Oxford, Northampton, Rutland, Leicester, Nottingham, Warwick, and Lincoln. After these there be 6, which border Westward upon Wales, as Gloucester, Hereford, Worcester, Shropshire, Stafford, and Chester. About the middle of the Region, Darbishire, Yorkshire, Lancashire, & Cumberland. On the left hand toward the West, is Westmoreland: against the same is the Bishopric of Durham, and Northumberland, which boundeth upon the North, in the Marches of Scotland. These shires be divided into xxii. bishoprics, Canterbury, Rochester, London, Chichester, Winchester, Salisbury, Excester, Bath and Welles, Worcester, Gloucester, Hereford, Coventry and Lichfield, Lincoln, Ely, Norwich, Oxford, Peterborow, Bristol. And this is the province of the Archbishop of Canterbury, which is the Primate of England, with Wales. York, Durham, Chester, and Carlisle, is the other province of the Archbishop of York, which is another Primate of England. The Ocean sea doth bound England: the first part of Britain East and South Wales, and Cornwall West. The river of Twéede divideth England and Scotland North. The length of the Island beginneth at Portsmouth in the South part, and endeth at Twéed in the North, Scotland another part of Britain. containing 320. Miles. Scotland, after the overthrow of the Picts, began at the river Twéed, & so meeting at the river Tine. Therefore the length of Scotland, from Twéed to the furthest coast, is esteemed to be 480. miles: But as Scotland is longer than England, so is it narrower. The said river of Twéed separateth the marches from Northumberland, the farthest country of England: the chief town whereof is Berwick, now in possession of the English. The western limit of Scotland, whilom was Cumberland, which the river of Selue divideth from Annandall. Between these two Regions, the Cheviot hills appear. Next to the marches, Pictland bordereth, bounding upon the East. The most famous towns, be Dunber, Haddington, Leigh, Northbarwicke, and Edenbrough the King's seat. The same City, the river called the Frith, doth water and pass by: the same river again divideth from Loughdean, a country adjoining called the Fife, in which country are many towns, as Donfermile, Cupre: but the notable town of S. Andrew, specially famous for the University, and Sea of the Archbishop. On the other side toward the Irish side Northward, is Nidisdalia, so called of the river that passeth thereby, where be the towns of Douglasse, and Doufrie. Upon the South adjoineth Galloway, where is the town called Coswel, and the ancient Temple of S. Ninian. By that standeth the country of Haricta once renowned with the town Haricton, whereof perchance it took the name. About Haricta, towards the west, is Elgonia bordering upon the Ocean, whereon is the Lake Lomunde, which is very broad & large, containing many Islands, situate at the foot of the mountain Grantshayn, eight miles from the Castle of Doubriton. A good space on this side Grampius riseth the river Taus, the greatest of all Scotland, taking his name of Athol and Calidonia, a lake from whence it springeth, which falling by many places, but chiefly by S. john's town, and lastly by Dunde, and there breaketh into the German sea. Against Taus is Anguise, and is divided from Fife. To the same upon the North, adjoineth Atheles. On the other side Argile showeth itself, being full of Lakes, whose uttermost bounds stretch so far as Ireland, about which the promontory of foteland, called Lands-head standeth. Between Argatele and Olgovia westward, lieth the country of Sterling. Here the Forest of Calidonia began on the left side, there likewise is the Castle of Calidone situate by Taus, called Doucheldin. From a little hill of the Forest, riseth Cluid. Of that river the Dale was called Glotenale: which country that river runneth by, and in the same is the City of Glasco, a goodly University. Again, towards the East is joined the country of Anguis and Merne, upon the sea coast, wherein Fordunne by situation is very strong. Of the same side of Scotland is the country of Marre, garnished with a city called Aberdon, standing between the two rivers of Dona and Dea. Then followeth Morry, which the two notable rivers do compass about, called Nea and Spea. At the mouth of the last river, standeth the town of Elgis: But in the middle part standeth the broad country of Rossia. The breadth of the Island is scarce thirty. miles over, which defended with three promontories like Towers, repelleth the great waves and surges of the sea: and environed with two gulfs, which those promentories do enclose, the entries be quiet and calm, & the water peaceable. The strait of the land is at this day called Cathanes, coasting upon the sea Deucalidon. About Scotland in the Irish seas are xl. islands: many of these in length at least are 30. miles, but in breadth not above 12. Amongst them is jona, beautified with the tombs of the Scottish Kings. Beyond Scotland towards the North be the Isles of Orcades, the which are 30. in number the principal of which islands is Panonia. Beyond the Orcadeses standeth Thule, in the frozen sea now called Island. The other part Northern, and full of Mountains, a very rude & homely kind of people doth inhabit, which are called the Redshankeses, or wild Scots, and thus much of Scotland. Wales lieth on the left hand: Wales the third part of Britain. which like a promontory or foreland on every side is compassed with the main sea: except it be on the Southeast part with the River of Severne, which divideth Wales from England. Therefore Wales is extended from the town of Chepstow, where it beginneth by a strait line, a little above Shrewsbury, even to Westchester Northward. Into that part so many of the Britain's as remained alive after the slaughter & loss of their country, at the length did repair, where partly through refuge of the mountains, and partly of the woods and marshes, they remained in safety: which part they enjoy to this day. 4 Bishops in Wales. There be many towns and strong Castles, and four bishoprics. The first is S. David's, another Landaffe, the third Bangor, and the fourth S. Asaph, which be under the Archbishop of Canterbury. The Welshmen have a language from the Englishmen, which as they say, doth partly sound of the Trojan antiquity, and partly of the Greek. And thus much of Wales. Cornwall. Cornwall beginneth on that side which standeth towards Spain westward: toward the East, it is of length fourscore and ten miles, reaching a little beyond S. Germans, situate on the right hand upon the sea coast, where the greatest breadth of that country is but twenty miles. It bordereth upon England, West, South & North: The main sea is round about it: it is a very barren soil, but there is great plenty of Lead and Tin: their tongue is far dissonant from English, but it is much like to the Welsh tongue: because they have many words common to both tongues. Cornwall is in the Diocese of Exester, which was once worthy to be counted the fourth part of the Island, for the contrariety of the language. Thus much of the particular description of Britain. The form of the Island is Triquetra, having three corners, or three sides: two whereof, that is to say, the corner toward the East, and the other toward the West (both extending Northwards) are the longest. The third, which is the South side, is far shorter than the other: for the Island is greater of length then of breadth. The right corner of which Island Eastward, is in Kent at Dover and Sandwich. From whence, to the third angle, which is in the North of Scotland, is seven hundred miles. Again, the length from this corner of Dover in Kent to the uttermost part of Cornwall, being S. Michael's mount, is supposed to be three hundred miles. From this left angle, being the West part of Cornwall, which hath a prospect towards Spain, to the North angle in the further part of Scotland, the length is eight hundred miles. THE RACE OF THE Kings of Britain: and in the Margin are placed the years before Christ's birth, when every King began their reign, till Cunobilinus, in whose time Christ was borne, and then the years from his birth are placed. BRute the son of Silvius (following, 1108. as heretofore, the common received opinion) after a long and weary journey with his Troyans', arrived in this Island, at a place now called Totnes in Devonshire, the year of the world, 2155. the year before Christ's nativity, 1108. wherein he first began to reign, and named it after his own name Britan: he builded the City of new Troy, now called London: he divided the whole Island among his three sons. Unto Locrine his eldest son, he gave the middle part, called Loegria: to Camber, Cambria, to Albanact, Albania: he deceased when he had reigned 24. years. 1084 LOcrine reigned 20. years. he chased the Huns which inuad●● this realm, & pursued them so sharply, that many of them with their King, were drowned in a river named Humber. Locrine had to wife Guendoline, How Humber took that name. daughter to Corineus, Duke of Cornwall, by whom he had a son named Madan: he also kept Estrild, by whom he had a daughter named Sabrine: but Guendoline gathering a great power, fought with King Locrine, and stew him. She drowned Estrild with her daughter Sabrine, Severne. in a River called Severne. 1604 Guendoline a Queen. The King devoured by woules. GVendoline discreetly ruled 15. years, and left the same to her son Madan. MAdan was devoured by wild woules, when he had reigned 11. years. 1009 A traitor to his brother devoured of wild beasts. MEmpricius slew his brother Manlius, taking the wives & daughters of his subjects: but was destroyed of wolves, when he had reigned 20. years. EBranke founded Alclud in Scotland: he made the Castle of Edenbrough, 919 and Bambrought: he builded Rayrbranke, 929 now called York, he reigned 40. 917 years. Chester. Brutus, surnamed Greenshield, reigned twelve years. LEil builded carlil, now called Cestria: 892 he reigned 25. years. RVdhudribras builded Canterbury, Winchester, and Shaftsbury. He reigned: twentynine years. BLadud, who had long studied at Athens, 863 Bath. The King attempted to fly. brought Philosophers to keep schools in Britain: he builded Bath, and presumed to fly: but broke his neck when he had reigned 20. years. LEile, builded Caer Lair, now called Leicester. He had three daughters, Gonorell, Ragan, and Cordelle: which Cordelle succeeded him in the Kingdom, when he had reigned forty years. COrdelle was sore vexed by her two Nephews, 844 Cordila Queen. Morgan of Albany, and Conedagus of Camber, who cast her into prison: where she flew herself, when she had reigned 5. years. MOrgan warred on his Nephew Conedagus, 800 but Conedagus slew Morgan, and then was King of all Britain: He reigned three and thirty years. RIuallo, in whose time it reigned blood three days: 766 Blood reigned. And then a great mortality caused almost desolation. He reigned 46. years. GVrgustus, a common drunkard, whereof followed other vices, reigned 37. years. 721 SIcilius the brother of Gurgustus reigned forty nine years. 664 IAgo, Cousin to Gurgustus, 636 reigned five and twenty years. 612 Kimmacus reigned 53. years. ●59 Gorbodug reigned 43. years. 396 The brother slew the brother. FErrex with his brother Porrex, ruled Britain● five years, they fell at civil discord for the sovereign dominion, in which Ferrex was slain, and Porrex afterward was killed. 441 Mulmutius laws. MVlmutius Dunwallo constituted good laws, which long after were called Mulmutius laws, he gave privileges unto Temples, and ploughs, and began to make the four notable ways in Britain, he reigned 40. years. BElinus & Brennus divided this Isle of Britain. Unto Belme was appointed, England, Wales and Cornwall. Unto the other, the part beyond Humber. This Brennus raised war against B●line: but in conclusion, Brennus went amongst the Gauls, where for his excellent qualities, he was their sovereign Captain, with whom he passed into Italy, sacked Rome. Belinus reigned xxvi. years. Gurgustus subdued Denmark, and in his return met with a fleet coming from the parts of Spain, which were seeking for habitations, 375 Ireland inhabited. to whom he granted the Isle of Ireland to inhabit. He reigned nineteen. years. 356 Mercian law the third. GVinthelinus had to wife a notable woman named Mercia: She devised certain laws, named Mercians laws. He reigned xxvi. years. 33● The Picts inhabited the marches CEcilius reigned seven years: a people called Picts, arrived here in Britain, and possessed those parts, which now be the Marches of both Realms, England and Scotland. KImarus reigned 3. years, 323 and was slain as he was hunting. Elanius was King of Britain 9 years. 321 MOrindus, 311 The King devoured. in whose time out of the Irish seas came a wonderful monster, which destroyed much people, whereof the King hearing, would needs fight with it, by which he was devoured, when he had reigned 8. years. GOrbomannus reigned 11. years. 393 Grantham builded. He builded Grantham. ARchigallo extorted from men their goods, 192 The King deprived. to enrich his treasure: for which cause he was deprived when he had reigned 5. years. Elidurus' reigned 5. years. 296 ARchigallo restored, ruled the people quietly ten years. Elidurus', after the death of his brother, 272 reigned not passing two years, but that his younger brother Vigenius took and cast him into prison. VIgenius reigned seven years, and Pereduries, 370 The town of Pickering built. reigned after 2. years, He builded the town of Pickering. Elidurus' the third time reigned four years. 261 Gorbonian reigned ten years. 258 Morgan guided the Realm 14. years. 248 EMerianus, when he had tyrannously reigned 7. years, was deposed. 234 227 juall governed peaceably 20. years. 207 Rimo governed this Realm 16. years. 191 Gernuntius reigned 20. years. 171 CAtillus reigned ten years: A good example. he hung up all oppressors of the poor. 161 Coilus quietly reigned 20. years. 141 Porrex, a virtuous Prince, reigned 5. years. 116 CHierennus, through his darkness, reigned but one year. 135 Fulgentio his son reigned but two years. 133 Eldred reigned but one year. 132 Androgius likewise reigned one year. 131 Varianus reigned three years. 136 Eliud, a great Astronomer, reigned 5. years. 124 Dedantius reigned five years. 120 Detonus reigned in the land two years. 118 Gurginus reigned three years. 115 Merianus was King two years. 111 Blandumus governed two years. 180 Capenus reigned three years. 106 Quinus ruled this land two years. 104 Silius reigned two years. 94 Bledgabredus reigned ten years. 91 Archemalus was King two years. 88 Eldelus reigned four years. 86 Rodianus was King two years. 83 Redargius reigned three years. 81 Samulius reigned two years. 78 Penisellus was King three years. 76 Pyrrhus' ruled this land two years. 74 Caporus was King two years. 70 Divellus governed four years. 66 Helius reigned not full one year. Lud repaired London LVd repaired the city of new Troy, & builded on the west part thereof, Ludgate, leaving after him two sons, Androgius, and Theomancius: who being not of age to govern, their Uncle Cassibelan obtained the crown. London took the name of Lud, and was called Ludstowne. Thus far jeffery Munmouth. CAssibelanus ruled 19 years. In the 8. year of his reign julius Caesar sailed into Britain, 51 Caesar his first voyage into England. whereat the first, being wearied with an hard & sharp battle, & after with sudden tempest, and his navy almost destroyed, he returned again into France: the next spring (which was the year before Christ 51. The second voyage of Caesar. ) he passed the seas again with a great army. But whiles he went towards his army's ●nland, his ships lying at anchor, with force of tempest were destroyed, so that 40. were lost. Upon land also his horsemen at the first encounter were vanquished. At the second conflict, he put the Britaines to flight. From thence he went unto the river of thames, on the further side whereof, Cassibelanus with a great multitude of people, was keeping the banks: but not being able to resist the force of the Romans, England tributary to the Romans. London submitted itself to Caesar, delivering unto him hostages: which example also the other cities followed: whereby Cassibelanus was constrained to agree that Britain should become tributary to the Romans. Then Caesar like a conqueror with a great number of prisoners, sailed into France, and so to Rome. Theomantius reigned quietly 23. years. 37 CVnobilinus. the son of Theomantius, reigned 35. years. In the 14. year of his reign, 14 Christ our Saviour was horn. From this place following, the years from Christ his birth, are placed in the Margin. An Christ. 1 JESUS Christ very God and man, was borne in the 42. year of the reign of Augustus: he began to preach the 15. year of Tiberius, and suffered his passion in the 18. year of the same Tiberius. 21 GViderius, for that he thought the Romans had their tribute wrongfully, he denied to pay the same: he reigned 23. years. Arviragus reigned 28. years. 44 Claudius' the Emperor sailed into Britain: he subdued unto the Empire, the Isles of Orcades, and those that lie in the Ocean Sea beyond Britain. First Christians in England. The year after Christ's birth 63. came into Britain joseph of Arimathie, & 11. other Christians, who builded them a Chapel in the Isle of Anaion, and after he was there buried; which place being since increased and newly builded, was named Glassenbury. 73 Marius' was ordained King: the Picts, accompanied with the Scots, invaded Britain, unto whom Marius gave inhabitant in the further part of Scotland: He reigned 53. years. COilus, brought up among the Romans, 124 Colchester built. paid the tribute truly, he builded the town of Colchester, and reigned 55. years. At this time 133. Galen. the famous Physician Galen flourished in Rome under Helius Adrianus the Emperor. LVcius sent his Ambassadors to Eleutherius Bishop of Rome, England received the Faith. desiring him to send some devout and learned men, by whose instruction both he and his people might be taught the Faith and Religion of Christ: whereof Eleutherius being very glad, sent with them Faganus, and Derwianus, by whose diligence Lucius and his people were baptised and instructed in the faith of Christ. Lucius reigned 12. years. Severus Emperor in Britain, caused a trench to be cast from sea to sea, the length of 22. miles. 194 He deceased at York. Antonius' Bassianus died in the vi. 212 year of his reign. CArausius took upon him in Britain, and 7. 290 Carausius usurpeth in Britain. years after Carausius was slain by Alectus. Saint Alban, suffered martyrdom under Dioclesian and Maximilian, in the year of our Lord 23. ALectus then kept Britain by the space of three years, and was subdued by Asclopiodatus. 292 The first imperial Crown of gold. At this time the Emperor of Rome ordained for himself & his successors, and imperial Crown or diadem of gold, adorned with precious stones. Read my larger book. 299 ASelepiodatus slew Gallus, the Roman Captain in the city of London, Coil took on him the Kingdom of Britain. 305 Constantius began to reign, possessed Africa, Italy, France, Britain. 306 COnstantine the great, son of Codstantius, and Helen was created Emperor in Britain: he established the Gospel in his Empire, and after him all Emperors were Christians: He left behind him three sons, to wit, Constantinus, Constans. and Constantius. 337 COnstantinus attempted war against his brother and was slain. 340 COnstans then ruled Britain, which he had administered with great justice: but was slain. 353 COnstantius then had the regiment of Britain himself alone, enjoyed the Roman● Empire. S. George. About this time lived the famous Preacher S. George in Antioch. 372 julian the Apostata. IVlianus (called the Apostata) began his reign over the Empire, an earnest adversary to Christian Religion. After him succeeded in the Empire, jovinion. jovinian. 365 VAlentinian was Emperor: he by his Deputy here in Britain, made sharp war upon the Picts and Scots. Hillary Term. This year 369. died S. Hillary, bishop Poitiers, of whom Hillary Term taketh the name: or as some think, of Pope Hillary, who was Pope in the year 464. GRatian was then created Emperor: 375 Maximus. Maximus here in Britain usurped the title of the Empire, whereupon assembling all the men of war, and youth of the Realm, he passed into France, expelled the Frenchmen out of Armorica, and placed therein Britain's, under Conon, Lintle Britan in France. of whom ever since it hath been called Britain the less. VRsula, with the eleven thousand Virgins, sent into little Britain to be married, were slain. At this time 386. The original of the Patriarchy of Constantinople. in a general Council at Constantinople, among other things it was ordained, that the Bishops of Constantinople should for ever be called patriarchs. Read my larger book. HOnorius the son of Theodosius, 395 sucéeded after his father in the Empire: but Gratian, a Britain, taking upon him to govern Britain: was immediately slain, and Constantine was elected Governor. THe last of September 425. 408 The death of S. Hierosme. died the most reverend Father S. Hierosme, in his hermitage in Bethelem at 91. years of age. THeodosius succeeded in the Empire, and made Valentinian his cousin, fellow therein, At this time Britain, with the foresaid wars, was so impoverished of able men, that it could not withstand the invasions of the picts and Scots: whereupon they required aid of Aetius, the Captain of the Roman Army, he sent them certain men of war out of France, who manfully chased away the Picts and Scots, and raising a wall between the Province and the enemy, returned. After their departure, the Picts and Scots invaded the Britain's again, foraged their country, and destroyed the inhabitants: whereupon there was sent new aid out of France, and a wall was made of stones. But shortly after the Scots and Picts made greater Roads into Britain, then ever heretofore. For the Romans being troubled with wars in France and Italy, neglected the defence of Britain. This happened about the 16. year of Theodosius the younger, the year of Christ, 443. S. Patrique sent to convert Ireland. About this time, being the 14. year of Honorius the Emperor, there was a general Council held at Ephesus, by Celestinus the first, who by consent of the Emperor, sent S. Patrique the son of Goths, sister to S. Martin of Towers, to convert the Irish Nation. And in the year 413. which was the 2. The Goths spole Rome. year of this Honorius, the Goths destroyed Rome: but Alarcus their King, being a Christian, showed mercy to such as fled into the Churches of St. Peter and St. Paul. Ricus Geyse, alias Genseric, King of Alaynes and Vandals, after he had subdued Carthage, came from Spain into Libya, at the request of Boniface, governor of Africa, to aid him against Sygisuldus, King of Barbary, who not only made havoc of the Country of Africa, with fire and sword in all extremity with his devilish people, but also greatly infected the world with the Arrian heresy. And in the year 431. he with like malice to disturb the Christian Church, besieged the City, The death of S. Augustine. wherein was the most holy and reverend Father, Saint Augustine, who died within three months after the siege, at 76. years of age, having been 40. years Bishop: of whom it is written: that God showed him a special grace, that he lived not to see the desolation of that City, whereof he was then Bishop, viz. Hyppo. The end of the Romans government in Britain, which had continued 483. years. AFter this, the Britain's continuing a while in doubtful war with the Picts and Scots, elected Vortiger. VOrtiger being king, 447 such a plenty of corn and fruit happened, as the like had not been seen in many years; which plenty caused idleness, gluttony and lechery. Pestilence. There followed such a great pestilence, that the living scantly sufficed to bury the dead. Also the Scots and Picts in most cruel wise spoiled the land: where through Vortiger was forced to send for aid of foreign lands. And in three large ships, Saxons sent for. there came out of Germany, three sorts of people, Englishmen, Saxons, and Geteses: Hengist and Horsus, Saxons entered this land. two brethren being their Captains, unto whom was given the Isle of Thanet to inhabit. By their manhood in many battles, Vortiger vanquished and drove back the picts and other enemies: whereby Hengist came in such favour, Vortiger divorced. that Vortig● married his daughter Rowan, a maid of wonderful beauty▪ for whose sake the King was divorced from his lawful wife: after which time the Saxons daily increased, and the Christian faith decayed. The Britain's considering the daily repair of the Saxons, showed to their King the jeopardy that might thereof ensue, but all was in vain: wherefore they deprived him when he had reigned 7. Vortiger deprived. years: and ordained to their King, his eldest son Vortimer. 454 The King poisoned. VOrtimer pursued the Saxons, and vanquished them. Until at length he was poisoned by his Step mother, after he had reigned six years. 460 Barone slain at Aubresbury VOrtiger obtained again the Kingdom, and shortly after, Hengistus entered the land, with a number of Saxons: but when he heard of the great assembly that the Britaines made against him, he treated for peace: shortly after the Saxons traitorously slew on the plain of Sarisbury, CCCClx. First kingdom of the Saxons. Barons and Earls, and took the King prisoner, constrained him to grant unto them Kent, Sussex, Suffolk, and Norfolk. Then Hengist began his dominion over Kent: and sending fore more Saxons, made war upon the Britain's. Aurelius Ambrose and Viher, made war upon Vortiger, Vortiger burned. and burned him in his Castle, when he had secondly reigned 6. years. AVrolius Ambrose, second son to Constantine, 466 hasted him with an army towards York against Occa son of Hengist, where he discomfited, and took prisoner the said Occa. He caused the great stones to be set upon the plain of Sarisbury, Stonehing. in remembrance of the Britain's that were slain there. A Saxon subdued the countries of Southery, Somerset, Devonshire, and Cornwall, The second kingdom of the Saxons. which after was called the Kingdom of South Saxons. The kingdom of the east Saxons began under Duke Vffa, The third kingdom of the Saxons. which contained Norfolk and S●ffolke. Aurelius, died of poison, when he had reigned 32. years. VTher Pendragon was crowned King. 498 He was enamoured upon Igreene the Duke's wife of Cornwall, and on her he begat Arthur. He reigned eighteen years, and was buried at Stonehing. ARthur, the son of Uther Pendragon, 516 was crowned King of Britain. He fought twelve battles against the Saxons, Round Table. he constituted the order of the round Table, to which order he only received such of the nobility, as were most renowned for virtue and chivalry. While Arthur was occupied in his wars beyond the seas, Mordred, to whom he had committed the government of Britain, confederating himself with Cerdicus, King of the West Saxons, traitorously usurped the Kingdom: of which treason, when relation came to Arthur, he speedily returned, Mordred slain. pursuing him into Cornwall, gave him battle, where Mordred was slain, and Arthur being deadly wounded, was conveyed to Glassenbury, where he died, and is buried, after he had reigned 16. years. 542 COnstantine, kinsman to Arthur, was ordained King. AVrelius a Britain, raising mortal war against Constantine, slew him when he had reigned 3. years. He was buried at Stonehing. This year 544. there was an universal earthquake. 545 AVrelius Gonaxus, King of Britain, imprisoned his uncle, which was right heir to the crown. He reigned 33. years. The 5. & 6. kingdoms of the Saxons. The kingdom of Northumberland began under a Saxon, named Ida. This province was first divided into two kingdoms: the one was called Deyra, the which contained the land from Humber to Tine: the other Brenicia, which included the country from Tine to the Scottish sea. VOrtiporus the son of Conanus, was ordained King of Britain, a victorious King, and cruel tyrant, 578 who put from him his wife, and kept her daughter for his concubine: in divers battles he discomfited the Saxons: He reigned 4. years. MAlgo Conanus governed the Britain's, slew his first wife, and took his brother's daughter. The first war between the Saxons in this realm. EThelbert, King of the Saxons in Kent, gave battle to Ceanlinus, King of the west Saxons: in which fight were slain two Dukes of Ethelberts', and himself with his people chased. CAreticus ruled the Britain's, 58● his subjects moved the Saxons (with Gurmundus King of Ireland) to make war upon Careticus, in such wise, that he was fain to take the town of Cicester, where they assaulted him so sore, that he with his men fled from thence into Wales. Gurmundchester builded. When he had reigned 3. years, Gurmund builded Gurmondchester. EThelridus governed Northumberland, 588 who made such continual war upon the Britain's, that it is thought he slew more of them then all the other Saxons. By this cruelty the faith of Christ was almost utterly extinguished in Britain, many were chased out of the Island, The Saxons had the whole possession of this realm. the rest remained in Wales, and the Saxons obtained the whole dominion of the Island: saving a part of Scotland, and was subject to the Picts and Scots. This year 616. being the fourth year of Hyraclius the Emperor of the Romans, in the month of August, in France and other places, A strange and terrible pestilence. there happened a great earthquake, and presently followed a great pestilence, with such hideous scabs and botches, as they could not discern nor know one man from another. This pestlience was very fierce and infectious. 596. S. Gregory sent Augustine, Melitus justus, Austen came into England, S. Austin's at Canterbury, S. Paul's Church in London. and john, to preach the Christian faith to the Angles, which were first received of Ethelbert, King of England, whom they converted to the faith, with divers of his people. This Ethelbert began to build Saint Augustine's in Canterbury, Paul's Church in London, S. Andrews in Rochester, S. Peter at Westminster builded The life & death of the false Prophet Mahomet. and S. Adrewes' in Rochester. Sibertus, King of the east Saxons, builded Westminster. MAhomet, of the stock of Ishmael, an Orphan, of poor parentage, of an excellent wit, and great strength, borne in Arabia, in his youth taken and sold to a rich Merchant, who employed him in his affairs: his master died, than he married Cadiga his Mistress, of 50. years of age, by whom he had much wealth, which he in few years increased mightily, as well in Treasure, Camels, Munition, as other commodities: he gave great entertainment in his house, and was liberal unto the poor, he was very skilful in Magic, and learned many deceits of the Egyptians, for the which he was held in admiration of the ignorant Saracens, and distracted Arabians. And albeit he was of small reading, by reason of his education & otherwise, yet he harkened unto such as were learned, especially, if they were any way malcontented, either with any established religion, state or government. Amongst which number, he inclined earnestly unto the censured Heretic Sergius, a Monk of Constantinople, which should have been punished for maintaining the Nestorian heresy: he attributed great Divinity to himself: And having the falling sickness, he denied it, saying, he was only in a trance, being ravished with the vision of the Angel Gabriel, who delivered him secret instructions, and new commandments from God: he taught a Dove to peck food out of his ears, which he made the people believe was the holy ghost, that came to inspire him: by means whereof, and other his illusions, which his confederates used in his behalf, strongly possessed the multitude with a most holy and reverent opinion of him, as also that he was the great Prophet of the Ismaelites, or as they call themselves, As descended of Sara wife to Abraham. the Saracens: and then by the help of Sergius and the rest, in contempt of the old and new Testament, he made his Antichristian Koran, wherein he forbade the use of holy Scriptures, commanding them to continue circumcision, and utterly to abolish baptism, for to them belonged the divide promise: in contempt of jew and Christian: he commanded every Friday for ever, to be held his holy Sabbaoth: he commanded them not to eat swine's flesh, nor drink wine by day: he allowed every man to have many wives, and constituted a voluptuous Paradise, like to the Manichées: he absolutely denied the Trinity, and the doctrine of our Saviour Christ, and his Apostles, except only such places of text, as he wrested to serve his satanical purpose, saying Christ was a holy Prophet, and his forerunner, and had foretold much of him, and of his coming: he said the holy Ghost was a Creature, like to the Nicholaytans, with many other abominations and blasphemies, not fit to be spoken by a Christian: all which he began publicly to preach in the year of Christ 620. in the twelfth year of the reign of Hyraclius the Emperor: and by degrees it was so followed and believed, that he grew mighty in favour with all sorts of people, chiefly the Sarazens: then he entered into arms, and with a great host wasted Asyria, The Scenits did Mahomet great service. took Damascus, overthrew the Persians, he inveigled the warlike Scenits, who revolted from Hyraclius for want of pay, & having subdued many Nations, caused himself to be crowned King of Persia: then he proclaimed himself a great Prophet, and by force established his blasphemous Koran, consisting of the dregs of all Religions then in use: which devilish and Antichristian Doctrine, through the remissness and negligence of the Emperors, and civil dissension of the rest of the Christian Princes, hath over spread all Asia, Africa, and the best part of Europe, and is in many places of India. He died in the year 632. being poisoned by his alyes, upon hope to succeed him in his government: some write he died at thirty years of age, and others write at forty years, and they put him in an Iron chest, and placed it upon lofty Trestles in the City of Mecha in Persia, whereunto the Turks go in pilgrimage from all places. Read Egnatius 2. Book, Blondas 9 Book, Charles Fountagne 2. Book of Medals, and Polydore, Virgil, 7. Book. 606 This year 606. Clocks and Dial's were commanded to be set up in Churches. 613 CAdmine Duke of North Wales, was made Sovereign of the Britain's, who gave strong battle to Ethelfride, King of Northumberland, and forced him to entreat for peace: he reigned 42. years. The Kingdom of Mercia began under the Saxon Penda: The 7 kingdoms of the Saxons. Lincoln Minister. S. Peter's at York. which Lordship contained Huntingtonshire, Herefordshire, and Glocestershire. At that time reigned in divers parts of the land, 7. Kings. Paulinus builded the great Church at Lincoln. He began the Cathedral Church at York, named S. Peter's. CAdwallaine the son of Cadwane, 635 began his reign over the Briaines, He warred strongly upon the Saxons, & made Penda King of Mercia tributary to him: he reigned 48. years, and was buried at London. Sigibert King of the East Angles, sent for Felix out of Burgundy to preach the faith: Dunwich. The province of Canterbury divided into parishes. Ely. O●waldfire The bishop's sea of Winchester. Glazing brought first into England. The Abbeys of Abingdon. Chertsey. & Barking builded. he made this Felix Bishop of Dunwich, and by his counsel, he erected divers schools. Honorius, Archbishop of Canterbury, divided his province into Parishes. Atheldrith the Queen, began the Monastery at Ely. Medulfe builded the Abbey of Malmesbury. Penda, King of Mercia, warred upon Oswald, King of Northumberland, and slew him in battle. Kenewalcus King of the west Saxons, builded the Bishop's sea of Winchester. Benet the Monk, and master of the reverend Beda, brought first the craft of Painting, Glazing, and Masons work into this land. Cissa began to build the Abbey of Abingdon, & Erkenwald Bishop of London, builded the Abbeys of Chertsey, and of Barking. Ostrike, Duke of Gloucester, founded the Monastery of Gloucester. Peda, The son of Penda, and Selruphus of Mereia, were the first founders of Peterborow. 685 CAdwalladar was ordained King of Britain, (saith- jeffery) and ruled only three years. He was the last King of Britain. And this land after his time called Anglia, This Island called universally England. and the inhabitants there of Angles; or Anglish Saxons, who used to call all men Welshmen that be strangers unto them. This happened after the entering of the Saxons, under their leaders Hengist and Horsus, in the time of Vortiger, 236. years. justinian the Emperor. IVstinian the second, which some said was justinian the fourth, son to Constantine the fourth, was the last of the race of Hyraclius, and began his reign in the year 686. he cut the noses of his younger brothers, to the end they should not aspire to the Empire. This wicked Emperor caused a headstrong Council to be made against the sixth general Council held by his father: he made wars upon the Arabians, and Bulgarians, contrary to the appointment of his father, and prospered accordingly, for he was put to the worst: Amurath King of Saracens, made peace with him, and restored back Africa. This justinian, for his cruelty, and wilful behaviour, was generally hated of all his subjects, and in the tenth year of his reign was chased out of his government, by Leonicus, who possessed the Imperial Crown three years: with the special help of Callymycus, and then the men of war chose Hysmarus, Alias Tiberius the third, who cut his nose likewise; and repressed the Arabians: he banished the most noble Phillippicus, because an Eagle was seen to light upon him as be slept, than he sailed from Africa, to Constantinople, and took Leonicus, and cut his nose, as he had done to justinian, and séered it: in the seventh year of his reign, justinian by help of the Bulgarians, recoured his Empire, and presently practised all manner of revenge upon those he hated: he banished Tiberius, pulled out the eyes of Callymycus, and in his daily exercise of cruelty, as oft as he blew his nose, he caused some of the favourers of Leonicus to be put to death: six years after his re-establishment, he sought to ruinate Chersena, he was banquished in war by Phyllippicus, whom he banished with his son Tiberius, and lost his life and Empire: after him succeeded Phyllippicus, surnamed Bardanes. Read Egnatius 2. Book. I will not speak chiefly of the Westsaxons, because (in the process of time) they subdued other Kings, and brought this land again to one Monarchy. 687 KEnwalcus, surnamed jew, reigning among the west Saxons maintained such war against the Kentish Saxons, that he constrained them to seek means of peace. Wells and Glassenbury. Kingdom forsaken. This man builded the College of Wells, and the Abbey of Glassenbury, he also paid the Peter. pence first to Rome. When he had governed the west Saxons by the space of 7. years: he gave up his royal power, and went to Rome. Anno 101. Ethelredus King of Mercia, obtained a Bishop's sea to be in the City of Worcester, Anno 711. Edilwach King of the south Saxons, gave to the Bishop Wilfride, Selsee. the Isle of Selsee, wherein the said Wilfride builded a Monastery, and became the first Bishop of the Province. Germany converted. And in the year 715. the Germans were generally converted to the Christian faith. 726 EThelard was King of the West Saxons, in whose time the reverend Beda was famous. Beda Beda for his learning and good life was renowned in all the world: he compiled 78. books. Ethelrald reigned 14. years. He died at 70. years of age. Beda died the last of May, 732. of age 72. CVthred was King of the west Saxons: 740 he reigned 16. years. Slgibert being cruel towards his subjects, 757 Cruelty. was deprived of his kingly authority, and wandering in a wood, was slain of a swineherd: he reigned not one year. About this time the Saracens ouer-ran and spoiled all France. KEnulphus appeased certain murmurs that were among the people, 757 The King slain. for the deposing of his predecessor Sigibert. He founded the Cathedral Church of Wells, in Anno 766. As he haunted a woman, Wels. which he kept at Merton, he was slain by a kinsman of Sigibert. Kenulphus slain. When he had reigned 29. years, he was buried at Winchester. About this time Charlemagne had forced the Saxons to become Christians. Saxons become Christians. BRithricus, of the blood of Cerdicus, was made King of the west Saxons, and ruled 17. years. It reigned blood. In his time it reigned blood, which falling on men's clothes, appeared like crosses. This year 793. The original of Flanders. solemn music in Churches in France. the west country of Flanders began to be an Earldom. And 16. years before that Charlemagne of France sent choice scholars to Rome, to learn to sing according to skill and Art. The first Church that received and preferred skilful melody was Mets in Lorraine. Till this time the Frenchmen had but small skill in Music: but there were no Organs known in France, until the year 826. Offa, King of Mercia, builded the Abbey of S. Alban's: S. Alban's. Offa-dike. he chased the Britaines into Wales, and the utter bounds of Mercia, which is now called Offa-dike. The Danes first entered this land. The King poisoned. The Danes arrived in the Isle called Portland, but by the puissance of Bithricus, and other Kings of the Saxons: they were compelled to avoid the land. Bithricus was poisoned by his wife Ethelbura: for which deed the Nobles ordained that from thenceforth the King's wives should not be called Queens, nor suffered to sit with them in places of estate. Winchcomb. Kenulph King of Mercia, builded the Abbey of Winchcomb. 802 EGbricus the Saxon, obtained the government of the west Saxons, he tamed the Welshmen, and vanquished Bertulphus, King of middle England: he reigned 37. years, and was buried at Winchester. The Bishopric of Hambro & bream founded. This year 812. being the 11. year of the Imperial reign of Charlemaigne, he founded an archbishopric in Hambro, and ordained that the Archbishop and his successor should be Metropolitan of Sclavonia, Denmark, and other great Provinces of the North, Upon envy thereat, the Danes and others being mighty in arms after the death of Charlemaigne, assaulted Hambro, and destroyed it cruelly. Then within a while after was the Bishopric of Breme founded. The Archbishop of Hambro sought to convert the Danes. A Delnulphus, the son of Egbricus, 839 began his reign over the most part of England: there came a great Army of the Pagan Danes, with 550. ships into the mouth of the Thames, and so to London, and spoled it. London spoiled. Adelnulphus came against the foresaid Danes, and had of them an honourable victory. Adelnulphus sent his son Alfreed to Rome: at which time Leo the fourth consecrated him King. Adelnulphus did make the tenth part of his kingdom free from all tribute and service to the King: he reigned 18. years, and was buried at Stonehing. ADhelbalde reigned two years and a half: 857 he presumed to his father's marriage bed, and was buried at Shireburne. AThelbrict, brother to Adhelbald, took under his dominian, Kent, Southery, 860 and Southsex. Winchester spoiled. In his time the Pagans spoiled the City of Winchester: he reigned 5. years, and lieth at Shireburne. ETheldred brother to Atheldrict, 866 was slain by the Danes, when he had reigned 5. years and was buried at Winborne. About this time a furious heathen people came from Sweathland, Denmark, and Norway, and most despitefully possessed that part of France, which ever since hath been called Normandy, The original of Normandy. of whom it took the name: William the Conqueror is descended of them. Hinguar and Hubba overcame the Province of the Northumber's. Edmond martyred. Hinguar sailed into the east part of England, took Edmond, the King of that Province, being constant in the faith of Christ, who first beaten with bats, then scourged with whips, yet still called on the name of jesus Christ, his adversaries shot his body full of shafts, and struck off his head. Chastity before beauty preferred. Ebb, Abbess of Coldingham, cut off her nose and upper lip, and persuaded all her sisters to do the like, that they being audible to the Danes, might the better keep their virgnitie: in despite whereof the Danes burned the Abbey and Nuns. 872 ALfreede the fourth son of Aethelwolph, received the government of the whole Realm, and fought many sharp battles against the Pagans. He restored, and honourably repaired the City of London (after it had been amongst other Cities destroyed with fire, and the people killed up.) he made it habitable again. The twenty ninth year and fifth month of his reign, departed this life, and is buried at Winchester in the Monastery of his foundation. He founded a Monastery of Monks at Ethelingsey, and another for Nuns at Shaftsbury: he ordained the hundreds, and tenths: he ordained common Schools of divers Sciences in Oxford, and turned the Saxons laws into English, University in Oxford. with divers other books. He divided the twenty four hours of the day and night into three parts: he spent eight hours in writing, reading, and praying, eight in provision for his body, and eight in hearing and dispatching the matters of his subjects. This year 930. the King of Norway was baptised, and became a devout Christian, 900 The Danes and Norweys converted. and his son Otto was Emperor, his eldest daughter married Lewis, the fourth of that name, King of France. And about the year 962. the people of Denmark were converted to the Christian faith by Popynus the Pope's Chaplain: and shortly after that, the said Otto made fierce wars upon Denmark, and took their King Aleadus prisoner, and caused him and all his children to be baptised. EDward, surnamed Senior, the son of Alfreed, was anointed King: he builded. Hertford, another town at Wittham in Essex: he builded a new Town against the old Town of Nottingham on the south side of the River of Trent, and made a bridge over the said River between two towns. Thilwall built. Manchester repaired. He subdued the King of Scotland and Wales: he also builded Thilwall, and repaired Manchester: he was buried at Winchester when he had reigned four & twenty years. ADelstane, after Edward his father was crowned at Kingston: he brought this land into one Monarchy, for he expelled the Danes, and quieted the Welshmen. He caused them to pay to him yearly for a tribute, twenty pound of gold, 300. pound of silver. 2500. head of neat, with hounds and hawks to a certain number. He conquered Scotland: He reigned 15. years, and lieth at Malmesbury. Guy of Warweike Guy Earl of Warwick side the Danish Giant in Hide mead, nigh unto Winchester. 940 EDmund, brother to Adelstane, took on him the governance of this realm, who was slain when he had reigned 5 years, and was buried at Glastenbury. About this time the Empire of Gréece was translated from Constantinople into Germany, The Translation of the Empire of Greece. The King of Denmark converted. in the time of Otto the Emperor. And at this time began the Prince's Electors. And the City Magdeburge in Germany was also founded, read my larger book. ELdred succeeded Edmund his brother: he took on him but a protector, but afterward he was crowned at Kingston: he quieted and kept in due obeisance the Northumber's and Scots, and exiled the Danes. He reigned 9 years, and was buried at Winchester. 946 EDwine succeeded his uncle Eldred, he was crowned at Kingston. In the self same day of his coronation, he ravished his own kinswoman, 959 The King deprived. the wife of a noble man: and afterward slew her husband. Which act, and for banishing Dunstan, who rebuked him, he became audible to his subjects, and was deprived when he had reigned 4. years. EDgar, brother to Edwine, was crowned at bath: He was excellent in justice, and sharp in correction of vices, King crowned at Bath that never before his days was used less Felony by Robbers, or Extortion by false Officers. He chastised the great negligence, and vicious living of the Clergy: he prepared a great Navy of ships, which he disposed in three parts of this Realm, and had Soldiers always ready priest, and ready against the incursions of foreign enemies. King Edgar having restored, and new founded eight and forty Monasteries, which before had been destroyed, Worcester and confirmed the Monastery of Worcester, which Osnalde then Bishop of Worcester, by the King's consent had enlarged, and made the Cathedral Church of that shire. Alwinus Alderman, Earl of Eastangle, Ramsey founded. founded the Abbey of Ramsey. King Edgar reigned 16. years, and was buried at Glastenbury. EDward the son of Edgar, 975 The King murdered. was crowned at Kingston, by the counsel of his Stepmother Elfreed: he was traitorously murdered when he had reigned 3. years. Buried at Shaftsbury. At this time died S. Dunstan. Etheldred the son of Edgar was crowned at Kingston: but because he came to the kingdom by killing his brother, he could never get the good will of his people. A great part of the city of London was burnt. At this time (saith Sigibert the Historian) flourished Guydo Aretine: he was the first that taught the Gamuth for pricksong. King Etheldred erected the Bishopric of Exeter: he caused all the Danes in England to be slain. In revenge whereof, Swaxe King of Denmark invaded England with fire & sword. Etheldred died when he had reigned eight and thirty years, and was buried in Paul's Church in London. 1016 Edmond Ironside. EDmund the son of Etheldred, succeeded in the kingdom, who was surnamed jeronside: and whiles between him and Canutus, striving for the Empire, many bloody battles were fought, the Kings themselves attempted to fight hand to hand for the title of the kingdom, in which combat, after long and doubtful fight, they both being wearied, England divided, Edricus a traitor. Treason rewarded. fell to a covenant to divide the same. Edmund not long after was slain by the treason of one Ederick of Staton. Edrick making vaunt thereof to Canutus, Canutus answered, saying: and thou shall die, as well thou art worthy: & strait ways the traitor was tormented to death, and cast into a ditch. About this time ended the race of Charlemaigne, and then began the line of Hugh Caper in France. 1018 The Danes possessed all England. Marriage made upon condition. Canutus King of 4. Kingdoms. Canutus the Dane challenging all England to himself, slew his brother Edmond; he procured to have given him in marriage Emma the Widow of King Etheldred, who at that time was with Edward, and alured her sons to exile with Duke Richard in Normandy. She did bear Canutus a son of his own name: by his affinity and alliance, the Danes became of the more strength and power. His subdued the Scots, whereby he was King of England, Scotland, Denmark, & Norway. He founded the Monastery of Saint Edmondesburie: S Edmonde bury builded. when he had reigned twenty years, he deceased, and was buried at Winchester. HArold Harefoot, 1038 using the force of the Danes that dwelled in England, invaded the Realm, while his brother Hardicanutus governed in Denmark. And not being unmindful by whose aid he came to the kingdom, Harald a tyrant. Emma & her children banished. rewarded the Danes with great dignity, in this Realm: he constrained his mother in law Emma to fly and provide for herself: he tormented to death Alured the son of Emma, which she had by King Etheldred, who then was come out of Normandy to visit his mother, He reigned 3. years, died at Oxford, and was buried at Westminster. HArdicanutus son of Canutus and Emma, 1041 as soon as he had gotten his father's kingdom, fetched his mother out of exile. And in revenge of displeasure that was done to her, and of the murder of his brother Alured, he commanded the carcase of Harold to be digged out of the earth, and to be thrown into the river of Thames, where, S. Clement's Church without Temple-bar. by a fisher it was taken up, & brought to the Danes, who buried it in a Churchyard which they had at London. In the midst of his cups he departed this life, the 3. year of his riagne, and was buried at Winchester. EDward the son of Etheldred, was crowned at Westchester: he released the tribute of 4000 pounds, called Dane-gelt, Dane-gele. which the English people from the beginning of the reign of the Danes, was compelled to pay their King every year: Edgitha was barren. he took to wife Edgitha, the daughter of Earl Goodwin: he sent for home into England his Nephew Edward, the son of King Edmond his brother, who brought with him Agatha his wife, Edgar, Margaret, and Christian his children, borne in Pannonia, where he lived but a while. Thus Edward being disappointed, both of his Nephew and his heir, pronounced Edgar the Outlaws son, to be heir to the Kingdom: but because this Edgar was within age, by his testament he made Herold the son of Goodwin Regent, until the young Edgar should be of age to receive the kingdom: notwithstanding, he immediately after the death of Edward, pronounced himself King, which thing shortly after brought destruction both to himself and all England. This Edward reigned 23. years 6. months and odd days: Lubeck founded. he was buried at Westminster, which he had newly builded. 1066 This year of our Lord beginneth here at Christmas William Conqueror cousin to K. Edward by the mother's side. This year 1055. Henry the 4. Emperor of that name, and 90. in number began his reign, and in the 43. year of his reign, the city of Lubeck was founded by a Pagan. Read my larger book. HErold gave to young Edgar the Earldom of Oxford: but Harold the King of Norway assaulted England both by sea and land. Whose attempt whiles Herold of England prepared to withstand, William Duke of Normandy, came into England with a well appointed Army, alleging, that by right it was due to him by the gift of King Edward his kinsman, and also by oath established betwixt Harald and him. He landed at Pemsey, the 28. of September. Harald slain. Harald notwithstanding he was bare of men by reason of the battle that he had fought against the men of Norway; yet hearing of Williams coming, went strait ways against him. Both armies being brought into array, the battle was fought, wherein great slaughter of Englishmen was made. And the normans got the victory on the 14. of October. King Harold was shot through the brains with an arrow, when he had reigned 9 Months, and was buried at Waltham in Essex, where he had founded a fair College. THus endeth the reign of the Saxons, who had now continued sometimes in wars with the Britain's, then with the Danes, and now with the normans the space of six hundred years. VERSES. A thousand six and sixty year, it was, as we do read: When that a Comet did appear, and Englishmen lay dead. Of Normandy, Duke William then, to England-ward did sail: Who conquered Harald with his men, and brought this land to bale. WILLIAM CONQVEROUR. Anno reg. 1 WIlliam, Duke of Normandy, surnamed Conqueror, bastard sonn● of Robert the 6. Duke of the Duchy, and cousin germane to King Edward, after the battle at H●stings, came to London, when with great joy he was received, both of the Clergy and people, and crowned on Christmas day, which day by the Historiographers of that time, was accounted the first of the year following, and so named 1067. 1067 But after the account of England now observed, the year beginneth not until the 25. of March. This year, through the great suit and labour of William the Bishop of London, King Wlliam granted the Charter and liberties to the same William Bishop, Wherefore the Mayor & Citizens of London repair to Paul's. and Godfrey of Portgrine, and all the Burges of the same City of London 〈◊〉 as large form as they enjoyed the same in the time of Saint Edward, before the Conquest: 〈◊〉 reward whereof, the Citizens have fixed 〈◊〉 his grave, being in the midst of the great Isle of Saint Paul's Church in London, this Epitaph following. TO William, a man famous in wisdom and holiness of life, who first with Saint Edward the King and Confessor, being familiar, of late preferred to be Bishop of London, and not long after, for his prudency and sincere fidelity, admitted to be of Council with the most victorious Prince William, King of England, of that name the first, who obtained of the same, great and large privileges to this famous City: the Senate and Citizens of London, to him having well deserved, have made this. KIng William besieged Exeter, Exeter besieged. which the Citizens and other English men held against him. King William gave to Robert Cummin, An, reg, 2. 1068 Earl of Northumberland slain. the Earldom of Northumberland, against whom the men of the country did arise, & slew him with nine hundred of his men, and King William came afterward upon them, and slew them every one. AG●lricus Bishop of Durham, An, reg, 3. 1069 being accused of treason, was imprisoned at Westminster. The Englishmen that were fled out of England, having Edgar to be their captain, returned out of Scotland, and suddenly set upon the Garrisons that King William had set at York, put them to ●●ight, slew them, possessed the City, and pronounced Edgar to be King; but not long after, King William came with a great army and recovered the City, constraining Edgar to return again into Scotland. Such a dearth was in England, Ann, reg. 4. that men did eat horses, cats, dogs, and man's flesh. 1070 Monasteries rifled. Ann, reg. 5. King William bereaved all the Monasteries and Abbeys of England of their gold and silver, sp●ring neither Chalice nor Shrine. 1071 Ann. reg. 6. Castle of Ledes and of Oxford. The castle of Ledes in Kent was builded by Creveceur, and the Castle of Oxford by Robert O●●ley, two noble men that came into England with William the Conqueror. 1072 York subject to Canterbury. Ann. reg. 7. In a Counsel holden at Windsor, 〈◊〉 Province of the Church of Canterbury 〈◊〉 the Church of York, was examined, and approved. 1073 Ann. reg. 8. King William with a great power invade Scotland, and forced Malcolm to do him homan and fealty. 1074 Married Priest removed. Gregory the seaveth Pope, excommunicated all committers of Simony, and removed married Priests from executing of diui● Service, whereof arose great troubles in E●●●land. 1075 King William caused a Castle to be builded a Durham, and Earl Waltheothus of Northu●●berland to be beheaded at Winchester: he saith into Britain, and besieged the Castle of Dole●, but prevailed not. Bishop murdered. An. reg. 10 Walter Bishop of Durham, bought of King William the Earldom of Northumberland, wherein he used such cruelty, that the inhabitants slew him. 1076 An. reg. 11 The earth was hard frozen from the kalende● of November, to the midst of April. 1077 Upon Palm Sunday about noon, appeare● a blashing Star near unto the Sun. An, reg, 12. Malcolm King of Scots, waffed Northumberland, flew many and took a great prey. 1068 An, reg, 13 This year King William builded the Tower of London. Thurstone Abbot of Glassenbury, 1079 Murder. in his Church caused three Monks to be slain, & eighteen men to be wounded, that their blood ran from the Altar ●awne the steps. This year was a great wind on Chrstmas day, a great earthquake and roaring out of the earth the 6. of April. An, reg, 15 1081 Henry Earl Ferrer founded a Church within his Castle of Tutsbury. An, reg, 16 Tutsbury. Alwine Child, a Citizen of London, 1082 Bermondsey. founded the Monastery of Saint saviours at Bermondsey in Surrey. King William caused inquiry to be made, An, reg, 17 1083 Acres of land numbered, An, reg, 18 how many Acres of land were sufficient for one plough by the year: how many beasts to tilling of one hide, how many Cities, Castles, Farms, Granges, Towns, Rivers, Marshes, and Woods, what rend they were by year, and how many Knights or Soldiers were in every shire: all which was put in writing, and remained at Westminster. King William took homage and oath of allegiance of all England, 1084 A greater & took of every hide of land six shillings, and sailed into Normandy. When the normans had accomplished their pleasure upon the Englishmen, An, reg, 19 1085 so that there was no Noble man of that Nation left to bear any rule over them: it was brought to pass, th● for the space of more than thirty miles, good profitable corn ground was turned into a chase 〈◊〉 wild beasts. New forest Bishop at Lincoln. Remingus Bishop of Dorcheste● removed his sea to Lincoln, where he builded new Church. An, reg. 10. 1086 water flood Battle Abbey, & Selby Abbey. S. Martin be grand. There was a great water flood, so that hills we●● made soft and consumed, and with their fall overwhelmed many villages. King William builded Battle Abbey in S●sex, another at Selby in Yorkshire, the th●● at Caen in Normandy, in which he was buri●ed. He gave great privileges to Saint Marth●●le grand in London. Paul's Church in London burnt. An, reg. 21. 1086 bo●●s found In a province of Wales called Rose, 〈◊〉 found the Sepulchre of Gawen, upon the Seashore, who was sister's son of Arthur the great King of Britain, being in length fourteen so King William being at Rouen in Normand● went with a great Army into France, spoyli● all things as he passed. Last of all he burned 〈◊〉 City of Meaur, with our Lady Church, a● two Anchorites that was enclosed there. The Ki●● cheered his men to feed the fire, and came hi● self so near, that with the heat of his harne● he got a disease. Also the King's horse leaping o●uer a ditch, did burst the inner parts of the King with the pain whereof he was sore afflict●● and returned to Rouen, where shortly after 〈◊〉 ended his life, King William died, the ninth day of September, 〈◊〉 the year of our Lord 1087. When he had raig●ned twenty years, eight months, and sixteen days. He was buried at Caen in Normandy, and had issue by Matild his wife, daughter to Baldwin Earl of Flanders, Robert Curthose, unto whom he gave Normandy, Richard that died young, William Rufus to whom he gave England, King Will●●am had 4: sons, and 5. daughters. and Henry, to whom he gave his wives inheritance and treasure: Daughters, Cicely Abbess of Caen, Constance wife to Stephen Earl of Bloys, Margaret promised to Harold King of England, and Elienor betrothed to Alfonso King of Galicia. WILLIAM Rufus. WIlliam Rufus, An, reg. 1. the third son of William Conqueror, began his reign the ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord 1087. He was variable, inconstant, covetous, and cruel: he burdened his people with unreasonable taxes, and what he thus got, he prodigally spent in great banqueting, and sumptuous apparel. Otho Bishop of Bayon, and Earl of Kent, with his brother Robert, Earl of Mortaine and Hereford, and almost all the Nobles of England, The nobles rebel. raised war against King William, & would have had Robert his eldest brother to be King: but William by fair words pacifying some of the principal conspirators, besieged the residue in the Ca●stell of Rochester, And lastly overcame them. An, reg, 2. 1089 Hospital of S. john & Harbaldowne. An, reg, 3. Lanfranke Archbishop of Canterbury deceased, he renewed the great Church of Canterbury, he repaired the walls of that City, bui●●ded two Hospitals, the one of Saint john, th● other at Harbaldowne. He restored the Church of Rochester. 1090 K. William made war against his brother. King William Making war against his bro●ther Robert Duke of Normandy, at length agré●●ment was made between them, that if one 〈◊〉 them died without issue, the other should succe●● in the inheritance. Scots did homage. Malcolm King of Scots, did homage to King William. A great tempest fell on Saint Luke's day, specially in Winchcomb, where a great part of the Steeple was overthrown. And in London, the wind overturned 606. 606. houses overturned An, reg, 4. houses, and the roofe● Bow Church in Cheap, wherewith some persons were slain. 1091 Newcastle. Sarisbury. King William builded the new Castle upon Tine. Osmond Bishop of Sarisbury, founded the Cathedral Church of Sarisbury. In England fell a wonderful abundance 〈◊〉 rain, An, reg, 5. 1092 great frost. and after ensued so great frost, that Horses and Carts passed commonly over great Rivers, which when it thawed, the Ice broke down many great bridges. King of Scots slain Bishopric at Bath. Malcolm the King of Scots coming into England, was suddenly slain with his son and heir, by Robert Mowbrey, Earl of Northumberland. john Bishop of Welles, by 'nointing the King's hands, transposed the Bishop's sea to Bath. King William builded again the city of Carlisle, which was destroyed by the Danes 200. An, reg. 6. 1093 Carlisle repaired and the castle builded. Famine. years before: he also builded a castle there, and out of the South parts of England, sent men to inhabit there. This year was a great famine, and so great a mortality that the quick were scant able to bury the dead. The Welshmen spoilt the city of Gloucester, Welshmen won Anglesey. Ann, reg. 7: with a part of Shrewesbury, and won the Isle of Anglesey. The Bishopric of Thetford was translated to Norwich. King William with a great power entered Wales, 1094 Bishoprick● at Norwich K. Willam invaded Wales. not being able to follow the Welshmen amongst the hills, he builded two Castles in the borders, and returned. Great preparation was made by the Christians to go against the infidels at jerusalem, An, reg, 8.1095 Going to jerusalem. 1096 Peter the Hermit being their first leader, and after Godfrey of Bullen. Robert Duke of Normandy, An, reg. 9 Normandy pawned. An, reg. 10. 1097 took his journey towards jerusalem, and laid Normandy to gauge to his brother King William for 6666. pound of silver. All the land that sometime belonged to Earl Goodwin, by breaking in of the sea, Goodwin sands. An, reg. 11. 1099 was covered with sands, and there is yet called Goodwin sands. King William in Normandy gave himself to wars, so that with exactions and tributes, he did not only shave, but flay the people of England. jerusalem won. The Christians took the City of jerusalem, placing there a King and a Patriarch. The Conquest of jerusalem by Godfrey of Bollen. THe fifteenth of july, 1098. after thirty six days siege, the City of jerusalem was yielded unto Godfrey of Bollen, Duke of Lorane, chief leader of the Christian Army against the Saracens, to recover the Holy land: he was accompanied with three Kings, and divers other Christian Princes: namely, Robert Duke of Normandy, eldest son unto William the Conqueror: he had an hundred thousand Soldiers, all of them marked with the sign of the Cross. This renowned and victorious Prince, before he entered into Arms, mortgaged his Dukedom unto the Bishop of Liege, for great sums of money, wherewith he furnished himself in this expedition: he was chosen King of jerusalem, but would not be crowned with a Crown of gold, because our Saviour Christ was crowned with a crown of thorns. This Christian Conquest was performed about five hundredth years after the Persians had got possession of jerusalem and the Holy land: Peter the Hermit, who had seen and felt the Turkish outrages, took great pains in going to all Christian Princes, to contract them unto this service. Pope Vrban the second, in the Council of Cleremount, was also very forward in this business. King Godfrey died of a fever, having reigned one year, and was buried near unto the holy Sepulchre: after him succeeded his brother Baldwine, and reigned eighteen years: he made great wars upon the enemies of our faith. After the death of King Godfrey. jerusalem continued fourscore and eight years under Christian obedience, and then became subject unto Turkish tyranny. After King William was come out of Normandy, he kept his Court at Westminster, in the new Hall, and hearing men say it was too big, Words of William Rufus. he answered, This Hall is not big enough by one half. King William being a hunting, word was brought him that his people were besieged in Maine: he forthwith took shipping, though he were vehemently pet●waded to the contrary, for that there was at that time a great tempest, to whom he answered, he never heard that any King was drowned. At this time he got more honour than ever he did in all his life: for he chased his enemies, and returned with victory. In the Summer, An, reg, 1●. 1100 K. William slain. blood sprang out of the earth at ●inchamsteed in Berkshire. King William on the morrow after Lammas day-hunting in the new forest, Sir Walter Tirel shooting at a Dear unawares hit the King in the breast, that he fell down dead, and never spoke word: his men, and especially that Knight, got them away: but some came back again, & laid his body upon a Colyars' cart, which one silly l●●ne beast did draw to the City of Winchester, where he was buried. He reigned twelve years, 11. months lacking eight days. He gave unto the Monks called de Caritate in Southwark, the great new Church of Saint Saviour of Barmondes' eye, and also Barmondes' eye itself. He also founded a good Hospital in the city of York, called Saint leonard's, for the sustentation of the poor. Henry Bewclarke. An, reg, 1. HEnry brother to William Rufus, and the first of that name, for his learning called Bewclarke, borne at Salby began his reign the 5. of August, the year of our Lord 1100. He restored the state of the Clergy, Measures reform. Vlna, now called a yard. assuaged the grievous payments, reduced again S. Edward's laws, reform the old untrue measures, & made a measure by the length of his arm, which was called Vlna. S. john's by Smithfield. Clarkenwell. jordan Brise: Baron, founded the house of St, john of jerusalem, near unto London in Smithfield. The same jordan gave 14. acres of ground lying in the field next adjoining to Clarkenwell, to build thereon a house for Nuns. 1101. An reg, 2. Robert, Duke of Normandy, the King's eldest brother, which was now returned from jerusalem, made war for the crown of England: but by meditation, peace was made, on condition that Henry should pay 3000. marks yearly to Duke Robert, and if the one died without issue, Winchester and Gloucester burnt. the longer liver should inherit: Winchester and Gloucester was burnt. The Cathedral Church of Norwich was founded by Robert Bishop of Norwich. 1102 Norwich. An, reg, 3. Hospital of S. Bartholomew. The priory and Hospital of Saint Bartholomew in Smithfield was founded by a Minstrel named Reior. Robert Duke of Normandy coming into England, 1103 An, reg, 4. Younger brother beguileth the elder. through the subtlety of King Henry his younger brother released to him the tribute of 3000. marks of silver. Great malice was kindled between the two brethren, Robert and Henry, 1104 An, reg, 5. whereupon deadly war in sued. There appeared about the Sun, four circles, and a blazing star. Endo, sewer to King Henry, 1105 An, reg, 6. S. john's in Colchester founded the Monastery of S. john in Colchester. Robert, Duke of Normandy, came to his brother, and friendly desired him to bear brotherly love towards him: 1106 Elder brother seeketh favour of the younger. But King Henry feeling his conscience accusing him for obtaining the kingdom by defrauding of his eldest brother, and fearing men more than God, first he reconciled the Nobles of the Realm with fair promises, and then pursued his brother into Normandy, where between them were many sore battles fought, but at the last, the valiant man Robert was taken. The first Canons entered into the Church of our Lady in Southwark, called Saint Mary Ouery, Saint Mary Oueries. founded by William Pountlarge Knight, and William Dancis, Normans. 1107 Ann. reg. 8. King Henry returning into England, brought with him his brother Robert, and William of Morion, and put them in perpetual prison, from whence shortly after Duke Robert deceiving his keepers, sought to escape, but he was taken, and by his brother's commandment, he had his eyes put out, and then kept straighter till his dying day. The Priory of the Trinity in London builded. The Church of the holy Trinity without Algate in London, was founded by Mathild the Queen. A great part of Flaunders was drowned by breaking in of the sea, 1108 Flemings sent into Wales. Ann. reg. 9 which caused many Flemings to come into England, at length by the king's appointment, they took upon them the possession of Rosse, a province in Wales. 1109 An reg. 10 Tax. Ely a Bishopric. Henry Emperor of Rome, required to have Maude the King's daughter in marriage, which was granted, and the King took three shillings of every hide of land through England. This King translated the Abbey of Ely into a Bishopric. 1110 An. reg. 11 Castles as Bristol & Cardife. S. james at Bristol. King Henry made Robert his bastard son, the first Earl of Gloucester, who after builded the Castles of Bristol and Cardife, with the Priory of S. james in Bristol. King Henry went into Normandy to make war against the Earl of Angion, 1111 An. reg. 12. and spoiled the whole country. This year was a great mortality of men, 1112 An, reg, 13 and murrain of beasts. The city of Worcester was burnt. 1113 An, reg, 14. The tenth of October the river of Medway, by no small number of miles, 1114 An, reg, 15 Medway & Thames dried up. did so fail of water that in the midst of the channel the smallest vessels and boats could not pass. The self same day the Thames did suffer the like lack of water, for between the Tower of London and the bridge, not only with horse, but also a great number of men and children, did wade over on foot. 1115 Chichester burnt. A blazing star. Chichester was burnt, many storms, and a blazing star. In March was exceeding lightning, and in December thunder and hail, 1116 and the Moon at both times seemed to be turned into blood. 1117 Maude the Queen of England died, An, reg, 18 1118 Matildes hospital. An, reg, 19 Knights of the temple. and was buried at Westminster, she builded an Hospital near unto London, without Holborn, which now is the parish Church of Saint Giles in the field. The order of the Templars Knights began. Many sore battles were fought in France and Normandy, between Henry King of England, 1119 An, reg, 20. and Lodowick the French King. 1112 An, reg, 21 The King's children drowned. King Henry having tamed the Frenchmen, and pacified Normandy, returned into England, in which voyage William Duke of Normandy, and Richard his son, and Mary his daughter, An, reg, 22. 1121 Richard Earl of Chester, and his wife, 1122 with many noble men, and to the number of 160. persons were drowned. Lybussa Queen of Bohemia. Lybussa daughter of Cracus the second King of Bohemia: for a certain space reigned as Queen over them: and albeit she ministered justice indifferently, yet there grew a great disdain & male-contentment amongst all sorts of people, that men should be governed and directed by women: and thereupon was spread a general voice, that forthwith they would have a King. And to appease the people's discontent, or as some think, for her own pleasure, she married a Peasant, called Primislaus, who governed the Bohemians, and was the first that builded walls and rampires about the City of Prague, in the year 995. After the death of the said Lybussa, there presently start up one of her handmaids, called Valasque, a lusty Lady, of wondrous Amazonian boldness, Valasque with her army of Ladies. who very cunningly caused an assembly of all the chief Ladies, and others of note, unto whom she made an eloquent Oration, and amongst other things, she spoke as followeth: My most noble and worthy Ladies, we have lost our Queen and Mistress, whose high spirit could never admit, that either we or our Sex, should in any sort be subject unto men: if therefore for the ever fréeing of ourselves and our heirs, you now please to lend me your strong hand, I here promise and assure you, that we will have the supremacy and governtment. This speech prevailed so far, that instantly the women took oath, and joined their hearts and hands to effect their wills against men, and in that fury flew all the men they met: then they entered into Arms, and for seven years space, maintained wars very stoutly, and like valiant Amazons: all which notwithstanding in the end they were suppressed by Prym●slaus, partly by force, partly by policy, gifts and fair words. Read Naucler. King Henry married Adelisia, An. reg, 23. Gloucester burnt. the Duke of Lovans daughter. The City of Gloucester was burnt. Henry Earl of Warwick, An, reg, 24 Warwick with the College. and Margaret his wife, founded the College of Saint Mary in the town of warwicke. Waleran Earl of Mellent was taken in Normandy by King Henry, 1124 and he with many others were imprisoned at Rouen. An, reg, 25 Coiners punished. The King caused all the Coiners of England to have their privy members cut off, 1126 An, reg, 26 The Empress returned into England. and also their right hand, because they had corrupted the Coin. Henry the Emperor being dead, Maude the Empress returned into England. Richard Bishop of London, 1127 An, reg, 28. S. Oseth. An. reg, 29. founded the Monastery of S. Oseth in Essex. At this time men had such a pride in their hair, that they contended with women in length of hair. 1128 Men aware hair like women. King Henry held a Council at London, wherein it was granted him correction of the Clergy: so the King took infinite sums of money of Priests, 1129 An, reg, 30. and suffered them to do what they would. 1130 An, reg, 31. King Henry gave his daughter the Empresit, unto Geffrey Plantagenet Earl of Angiou. 1131 An, reg, 32 Rochester burnt. The City of Rochester was sore defaced with fire. The King made a Bishopric at Carlisle. 1132 An, reg, 33 Carlisle a Bishopric. London burnt. Maude the Empress did bear unto jeffery Plantagenet Earl of Angiou, a son, and named him Henry. A great fire beginning at Gilbert Beckets' house in west Cheap, consumed a great part of London from thence to Algate. Henry Bloys Bishop of Winchester, builded the Hospital of S. 1133 An, reg, 34. Worcester burnt. Cross near unto Winchester. Worcester was sore defaced with fire. Maude the Empress brought forth a son named jeffery. 1134 An, reg. 35. Short thigh died. Robert Cortoise or Short-thigh King Henry's brother died in the Castle of Cardife, and was buried at Gloucester. King Henry remaining in Normandy, deceased the first day of December, 1135 An, reg, 36. Death of K Henry. Anno 1135. when he had reigned 35. years, 4. months: his bowels, brains and dies were buried at Rouen, the rest of his body being powdered with salt, and wrapped in Bulls hides, was buried at Reading, an Abbey of his own foundation. He founded a Priory at Dunstable, and builded the Castle of Windsort, with a College there. KING STEPHEN. STephen Earl of Beloine, son of the Earl of Blois, and Adala, An, reg, 1. William conquerors daughter, Nephew to King Henry the first, claimed the kingdom the second day of December, Anno 1135. and was consecrated at Westminster on the 26. of December. This was a noble man and hardy, of passing comely of favour & parsonage: he excelled in martial policy, gentleness, & liberality towards all men: although he had continual war, yet he did never burden his commons with exactions. Fire which began at London Stone, Fire at London. consumed eastward to Algate, and westward to S. Paul's Church. King Stephen besieged the castle of Exeter a long time, 1136 Exeter besieged. which Balwine the Rivers held against him: but at length when they within the Castle, wanted necessary things to live by, An, reg, 2. they compounded. King Stephen passed the sea, 1137 to subdue Normandy, where he took many cities and strong Castles. Rochester was burnt with all the city. Rochester S. Peter's in York. The Archbishop's sea in York, S. martin's without the walls, & the Hospital with 39 Churches were burnt. Saint Peter's Church at Bath, The city of Bath burnt An, reg, 3. and all the city was burnt. 1138 An, reg, 4. Battle of the standard The Nobles sent for Maude the Empress, promising her the possession of the Realm, according to their oath made to her. David King of Scots, purposing to recover the Crown of England for the Empress, invaded Northumberland, when by Thurstane Archbishop of York, the Scots had an overthrow, and were slain above ten tho●●sand. 1139 The Empress returned into England. An, reg, 5. Robert Earl of Gloucester returned into England with his sister the Empress, and a great A●my, which arrived at Portsmouth. Robert Earl of Gloucester, with a great power, invaded the town of Nottingham, and spoilt it the Townsmen were taken, 1140 Nottingham spoiled. slain, or burnt in th● Churches whereunto they fled. This year 1140. died johannes de temporibus, he was Page to Charlemaigne. An, reg, 6. 1141 Lincoln besieged. K. Stephen taken. An, reg, 7. The Empress obtained the Crown. Earl of Gloucester taken. K. Stephen restored. King Stephen besieged Lincoln against Rainulph Earl of Chester, but Rainulph Ear of G●●●cester, came with a great power and rescued the same, chased the King's Army, and took him prisoner, he was had to Gloucester, and after to Bristol. The Empress rejoicing at this he● good hap, departed from Gloucester, and came to Cicester, from thence to Winchester, where the Crown of the Realm was delivered into her hands. Earl Robert being pursued, was taken a Sobbrige with Earl Warren, and many other: at length through meditation, peace was concluded, that the King should be delivered to his kingdom, and the Earl to his liberty. Gaufride de Mandevil, Earl of Essex, Abbeys of Walden & Stratford. founded the Abbey of Walden, and Sir William de Mountfitchet, founded the Abbey of Stratford Langthorne. King Stephen hearing the Empress to lie at Oxford, 1142 with a great power came and besieged her a two months space. Earl Robert, with Henry Son to the Empress, landed at Warham, where he besieged the Castle, Warham Castle besieged. which was defended by Hubert de Lucy, who at length yielded the same. In the mean time the Empress seeing that she was void of help, The Empress flieth. clothing herself and her company all in white, upon a night went over the Thames a foot, which was then hard frozen: she went to Wallingford, and the Castle of Oxford was yielded to the King. An, reg, 8. 1143 William of Ypre founded Boxley Abbey in Kent. An, reg, 9 Boxley. King Stephen took jeffery Maundevile, Earl of Essex at Saint Alban's, 1144 An, reg, 10 which jeffery could not be at liberty, till he had delivered the Tower of London, with the Earls of Waldon and Plecy. When the Earl was thus spoiled of his holds, he took the Church of Ramsey, and fortified it. 1145 Wallingford besieged. An, reg, 11 King Stephen besieged Wallingford, but could not prevail. The Earl of Chester was reconciled to the King, and was at the siege with him, 1146 An, reg, 12. but shortly after when he came to the Court, the King being at Northampton, he was taken and kept prisoner till he had rendered the Castle of Lincoln, and other fortresses. 1147 An, reg, 13. The Empress went into Normandy. Earl Robert deceased, and was buried at Bristol. The Empress being wearied with the discord of the English nation, went over into Normandy. 1148 An, reg. 14. S. Katerins. Queen Matild builded the hospital of S. Katherine by the Tower of London for poor brothers and sisters. Henry the empress son, went to David King of Scots, of whom he was joyfully received, and made Knight. 1150 An, reg, 16. England was full of trouble and war, set forth to fire and rapine, through the discord betwixt Stephen, 1151 and certain Earls that took part with Henry. jeffery Plantagenet Earl of Angiou, and Duke of Normandy deceased, and left his son Hen●● his heir. About this time died Gratianus: he compos●● the great Decretals. Henry Duke of Normandy married Elion●● whom Lewis King of France had divorced from him, An, reg, 17 1152 and had by her a son named William. Queen Maude deceased, and was buried● Feversham. The King commanded the Nobles to meet a● Winchester, where the Duke being receiue● with great joy the King in sight of all men adopted him his son, An, reg, 18. Norwich increased. 1153 and confirmed to him the principality of England. The Duke received him in place of a father, granting to him all the days of his life to enjoy the name and seat of the King. Duke Henry came with the King to Oxford, An, reg, 19 K. Stephen adopted K. Henry. where the Earls and Barons, by the King's commandment swore fealty to Duke Henry, saving the King's honour so long as he lived. King Stephen died the 25. of October, 1154 K Stephen died. when he had reigned eighteen years, ten months, and odd days. He founded the abbeys of Cogshall in Essex, of Furnes in Lancastershire, and Feversham in Kent, where his body was buried. Henry the second. HEnry the son of jeffery Plantagenet, and Maude the Empress, An, reg, 1. began his reign over this Realm of England, the 17. day of December, and was crowned the the same day, in the year of our Lord 1154. he was somewhat red of face, short of body, and therewith fat, well learned, noble in chivalry, wise in counsel, steadfast of promise, and a wedlock breaker. William of Ipres, 1155 and all the Flemings that had flocked into England, fearing the indignation of the new king, departed the land, and the castles that had been builded to pill the rich, and spoil the poor, were by the King's Commandment thrown down. Queen Elinor did bear a son, called Henry after his father. Line of the Saxons repaired. King Henry went into Normandy, where with long siege he took divers Castles. King Henry with an Army went against the Welshmen, An, reg, 2. 1156 where he felled their woods, fortified the Castle of Rutland, and re-edified the Castle 〈◊〉 Basingwirke. An, reg, 3. 1157 An, reg, 4: K. Henry re-edified Castles. 1158 Queen Elinor brought forth a son named jeffery. A new coin was made in England. King Henry took escuage of the Englishmen, the sum whereof grew to 124. thousand pounds of silver. An, reg, 5. 1159 Henry the King's son, not seven years old, married Margar●t the French Kings daughter, not two years old. An, reg, 6. 1160 An, reg, 7. Thomas the King's Chancellor, was elect● Archbishop of Canterbury. 1161 An, reg, 8. Publicans whipped. An, reg, 9 1162 There came into England thirty Germans as well men as women, who called themselu●● Publicans, they denied Matrimony, Baptism and the Lords Supper. Being apprehended, th● King caused they should be marked with an ho●● Iron in the forehead, and whipped them, an● that no man should succour them. Thus being whipped, and thrust out in the winter, they di● for cold. An, reg, 10. 1163 London bridge was new made of timber, 〈◊〉 Peter, a Priest of Colchurch. London bridge made of timber. Malcolm the Scottish King, and Kefus Prince of South-Wales, did homage to King Henry, and his son Henry. A Council was holden at Claringdon in presence of the King and the Archbishops, Bishops, 1164 An. reg. 11 Lords, Barons, etc. wherein was by their oaths confirmed many ordinances. Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, being sworn to the same, shortly after sore repent, and fled the Realm. A great earthquake in Ely, Norfolk, 1165 An. reg. 12. Earthquake and Suffolk, so that it overthrew them that stood upon their feet, and caused the bells to ring. Queen Elinor brought forth a son named john. The war was received betwixt the King of England, 1166 An. reg, 13. and the French King for the City of Tholouse. Conan Earl of little Britain died, 1167 An, reg. 14. and left his heir, a daughter named Constance, 1168 An, reg, 15 which he had by the King of Scots sister: which Constance King Henry married to his son Geoffrey. Robert de Boscue, Earl of Leicester, founded the Monasteries of Gerendon of Monks, Gerendon. Leicester, and Eton. An, reg, 16. Henry the King's son crowned. 1169 of Leiceister of Canons regular, and Eton of Nuns, was founded by Amicia his wife. King Henry caused his son Henry to be crowned, as he thought to the quietness of himself and his realm: but it proved otherwise. Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, the eightéenth day of December was slain by William Tracie, Reignold Fitzs Vrse, Hugh Moruil, and Richard Briton Knights: Nicholas Bree●espeare an Englishman, K. Henry Lord of Ireland. An reg, 18. 1172 who was chosen Pope by the name of Adrian the 4. He granted the Regiment of Ireland to the King of England, whereupon King Henry took ship at Pembroke, and sailed thither. An reg, 19 1173 King Henry the son, with his wife the French Kings daughter, were both together crowned at Winchester. King Henry the elder was assoiled of the death of Thomas the Archbishop, upon his oath made that he was not privy to it. King Henry married the eldest daughter of He●bert Earl Morton unto his son john. An, reg, 20. 1174 Leicester burnt. King of Scots taken. Canterbury burnt. King Henry the elder returning into England, in short time subdued his rebels. The city of Leicester by his commandment was burnt, the walls and castle razed, and the inhabitants dispersed into other cities. The King of Scots was taken by King Henry, led into Normandy, where he compounded for his ransom. Christ's Church in Canterbury was burned. An, reg, 21. 1175 King Henry the son, with his brethren, and others, were reconciled to King Henry the Father. An, reg, 22 1176 The Kings of England both father and son went together to visit the tomb of Thomas late Archbishop of Canterbury. An, reg, 23. 1177 The stone bridge over the Thames at London was began to be founded. A Cardinal and the Archbishop of Canterbury, gave 1000 Marks towards the same foundation. There chanced some discord betwixt the Kings of England and France, about the marriage of Richard Earl of Poitow, An, reg, 24 1178 with the French Kings daughter. Richard Lucy, the King's justiciar, Lesnes. An, reg, 25 1179 laid the foundation of the conventual Church in a place which is called Lesnes, in the Territory of Rochester. The City of York was burned. The Church of St. Andrew in Rochester, An, reg. 26. was consumed with fire. The Usurers of England grievously punished. 1180 An, reg, 27. Usurers punished. Geoffrey the King's bastard son, resigned the Bishopric of Lincoln, & was made the King's Chancellor. 1181 An, reg, 28. Robert Harding, a Burges of Bristol, to whom king Henry gave the Barony of Barkeley, 1182 builded the Monastery of Saint Augustine's in Bristol. They of Aquitane hated their Duke Richard for his cruelty, and were minded to drive him out of his Earldom of Poitow, and Dukedom of Aquitane, An, reg, 29. 1183 An, reg, 30 K. Henry the younger deceased. and transpose those estates to his brother King Henry the younger: but all men looking for victory to the young King, he fell miserably sick, and died, and was buried at Rouen. King Henry sent many men of war into Wales: 1184 for the Welshmen emboldened by the King's absence, had slain Many Englishmen. The Abbey of Glastenbury burnt. Glastenbury burnt. An, reg, 31. Heraclius Patriarch of jerusalem came to king Henry, Heraclius the patriarch desiring him of aid against the Turk: but the King because of the cruelty of his sons, was counseled not to leave his dominion in hazard, and to go far off. This Patriarch dedicated the new Temple, then builded in the west part of London. This year 1186. The city of Paris was paved, whose streets until this time, lay as rudely as London streets, which were not all paved in four hundred years after: Paris paved London paved. Lubeck destroyed. The cities take warning. Tile or slate generally used in the Cities. and the north Church-yard of Paul's, otherwise called the Close, and divers other streets in London were not paved until the reign of Queen Elizabeth. In the year 1246. the City of Luberke was quite consumed with fire, whose misfortune made Paris, London, and other Cities to cover their houses with tile or slate, especially if they stood close together, and not to use any thatch, which until then was usual. The Empress deceased. Maude the Empress, mother to King Henry the second deceased, she founded the Abbey of Bordesley. An, reg, 32 1180 Geoffrey earl of Britain dieth. Geoffrey Earl of Britain the King's son died, and was buried at Paris, he left issue two daughters, which he had by Constance (daughter of Conan Earl of Britain) who also at this time of his death was great with child, and after brought a son named Arthur. A great earthquake threw down many buildings: among the which the Cathedral Church at Lincoln was rend in pieces, Chichester burn. Chichester City was burnt. Near unto Orford in Suffolk, An, reg, 33. 1151 A fish like a man. certain Fishers took in their nets a fish having the shape of a man: which fish was kept by Barthelmew de Glanuile, Custos of the Castle of Orford, in the same Castle by the space of six months, and more for a wonder: he spoke not a word: all manner of meats he gladly did eat, but most greedily raw fish. At length he stole away to the sea. The town of Beverly with the Church of St. An, reg, 34. 1189 Beverly burnt. john there was burnt. Philip the French King required that his sister which had been kept in England 22. An, reg, 35. 1190 years might be restored unto Earl Richard as his wife, and Earl Richard desired the same: but King Henry denied this request, and so they got them to armour. The French King and Earl Richard pursued the King of England so hard, Death of Henry the second. that he was forced to yield all the requests, as well of the French King, as of his son Richard. This was done at guysor's, and so departing came to Zafe, where he fell sick, and departed this life, the sixth day of july, in the year of our Lord 1189. when he had reigned 24. years, 7. months, lacking 11. days, and was buried at Fonteverald, in the Monastery of Nuns by him founded. Richard Coeurdelyon. RIchard the first, for his valiantness, surnamed Coeurdelion, second son to Henry the second, began his reign and was crowned the third of September 1186. He was big of stature, with a merry countenance: he commanded that no jews nor women should be at his Coronation, for fear of enchantments. For breaking of which commandment many were slain. Elinor the old, who at the commandment of her husband, had been long kept close prisoner, was now set at liberty. King Richard gave over the castles of Berwick and Rokesburgh to the Scottish King, for the sum of ten thousand pound: he also sold to the Bishop of Durham his own Province for a great piece of money, and created him Earl of the same. He also feigned to have lost his signet, & then caused to be proclaimed, that whosoever would safely enjoy those things which before time they had enrolled, should come to the new seal. He gave his brother john the Provinces of Nottingham, Devonshire and Cornwall. Outlaws in England. In this time were many Robbers and Outlaws, among whom Robert Hood and little john remained in the woods, despoiling and robbing the goods of the rich. The said Robert entertained an hundred tall men and good Archers with such spoils as he got: upon whom four hundred men were they never so strong, durst not give the onset. Poor men's goods he spared, abundantly relieving them with that which he got from Abbeys, and houses of rich Earls. This year the Citizens of London obtained to be governed by two Bailiffs or Shrives', and a Mayor. Henry Cornhill, Shrive. Richard Reynery. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin, Fitz Leostane Maior. King Richard betook the guiding of this land to William Longshank, Bishop of Ely, 1190 Chancellor of England, and transported over into Normandy. The two Kings of England and of France met at Towers, Voyage to jerusalem. and from thence set forward on their journey towards jerusalem. The jews of Norwich, Saint Edmonsbury, Lincoln, Stamford, and Linne, were robbed. And at York to the number of five hundred, beside women and children, entered a tower of the castle, which the people assailing, the jews cut the throats of their wives and children, and cast them over the walls on the Christians heads, the residue they locked up, and burned both the house and themselves. William Bishop of Ely, Ditch about the Tower of London. builded the outer wall about the Tower of London, and caused a deep ditch to be made. john Herlion, Shrive. Roger Duke. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Fitz Leostane Maior. King Richard subdued the Isle of Cypress, and then joined his power with Philip the French king in Asia, conquered Acon, where there grew between the two Kings, a grievous displeasure: for which cause Philip shortly departed thence, and coming into France, invaded Normandy. john, brother to king Richard, took on him the kingdom of England. King Richard restored to the Christians, the city of joppa. The bones of king Arthur were found at Glastenbury. William Haverall. Shirues. john Bucknot. Shirues. 1191 Henry Fitz, Alwine fitz Leostane. Maior. Ann. reg. 3. john the King's brother rebelled. 1192 William, Bishop of Ely, withstood the king's brother, who said, he wist not if his brother were alive or not. To whom the Bishop answered: If King Richard be yet living, it were unjust to take from him the crown. If he be dead, Arthur the elder brother's son must enjoy the same. Nicholas Duke. Shrive. Peter Newlay. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwine fitz Leostane. Maior. An, reg. 4. K. Richard was taken prisoner. 1193 An, reg, 5 King Richard having knowledge that Philip of France invaded Normandy, and that john his brother had made himself King over England, made peace with the Saladine for three years, & with a small company returning homeward, he was taken by Leopold, Duke of Austria, who kept him in strait prison, a year and five months. Roger Duke. Shrive. Richard Fitz Alwine. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwine fitz Leostane Maior. The King's friends entreating for his deliverance, his ransom was set at 100000. l. King's ransom. whereupon commandment was directed from the King's justices, that all Bishops, Prelates, Earls, Barons, Abbots, and Priors, should bring in the 4. part of their revenues, towards the King's ransom, and besides this, the Clergy brought in their golden and silver Chalices, and fleeced their Shrives', all which was coined in money. john the king's brother, when he heard of the imprisonment of his brother, made great war within the realm, and took by strength the castles of Windsor, Nottingham, and others. The king was delivered, & landed at Sandwich: 1194 K. R. the second time crowned. An, reg, 6. on the 12. of March he was again solemnly crowned. After this he called into his hands all such things as he had either given or sold by patents, or otherwise: by which means he got a great sum of money, and sailed into Normandy, where shortly after, peace was taken between the two kings. Also by means of Elionar the old Queen, Earl john was reconciled to his brother. William fitz Isable, Shrive. William fitz Arnold. Shrive. Henry fitz Alwine. Maior. K. Richard sent messengers to the Pope, 1195 An, reg, 6. complaining upon the Duke of Ostrich, for misusing of him & his, as they came by distress of weather through his country, whereupon the Pope excommunicated the Duke, & enjoined him to release the covenants that be constrained the King to make. Robert Beasaunt Shrive. jokt jeiouse. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Fitz Leostane Maior. William with the heard. William with the beard moved the common people to seek their liberty, & not to be subject to the rich and mighty: by which means he drew to him many great companies. The King being warned of this tumult, commanded him to cease from those attempts, but the people still followed him. He was taken in Bow Church in Cheap, but not without shedding of blood: for he was forced by fire and smoke to forsake the Church. He with nine of his adherents had sentence of death, and were hanged. A false accuser of his elder brother in the end was hanged. God amend or shortly send such an end to such false brethren. 1197 An, reg. 9 This counterfeit friend to the poor, slew one man with his own hands, polluted Bow Church with his Concubine, and amongst other his detestable facts, one was, he falsely accused his elder brother of treason: which elder brother had in his youth brought him up in learning, and done many things for his preferment. Gerard de Antiloch Shrive. Robert Durant. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Maior. King Richard, and the Earl of Flaunders confederated together. Roger Blunt. Shrive. Nicholas Duket. Shrive. An, reg. 10. 1198 Henry Fitz Alwin Maior. King Richard ●ooke of every hide of land through England 5. s. The French King was intercepted by the army of King Richard, so that with much a do he escaped into Cypress. Constantine Fitz Arnold Shrive. Robert de Beaw. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Maior. King Richard turned his arms against the Barons of Poictow that rebelled against him, 1199 he set their Cities & Towns on fire, spoiled their country, & slew many of his adversaries cruelly: at the last came to the Dukedom of Aquitane: and besieged the Castle of Chalne, where one Bertraine de Gordon, smote him with a venowmed dart, K. Richard wounded to death. which stripe the king little regarded, but invading the Castle, won it, and put the soldiers in prison: of this wound aforesaid he died the 6. day of April, in the year of our Lord 1199. when he had reigned 9 years 7. months, and was buried at Founteverard: his heart was buried at Rouen, and his bowels at the aforesaid Chalne. King john. IOhn brother to Richard, An, reg, 1. began his reign the 26. day of May, in the year of our Lord 1199. Of person he was indifferent, but of melancholy complexion. Philip king of France in a quarrel of Arthur the son of jeffery, john's eldest brother, Duke of Britain, made war upon King john in Normandy, and took from him divers Castles and Towns. Shrivewick of London put to farm 1200 K. john granted the Shrifewick of London and Middlesex to the Citizens thereof for 300. pound yearly to be paid, as of ancient time. Arnold Fitz Arnold, Shrive. Richard Fitz Barthelmew. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Maior. An, reg, 2 Tax. King john required of every Blow land 3. s. The king being divorced from his wife Isabel, the Earl of Glocesters' daughter, he passed over the sea, paid forty thousand marks to the French King, and returned into England with Isabel his wife, daughter to the Earl of Angolesme. Roger Dormer, Shrive. james Bartilmew. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Maior. K. of Scots did homage 1201 An, reg, 3 K. john went to Lincoln, where he met with William king of Scots, Rotlond Lord of Gallowy, and many other noble men, which did to him homage. Walter Fitz Alis, Shrive. Simon de Aldermanburic. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Maior. 1202 An, reg, 4. Arthur Earl of Britain being made Knight by the French King, whose younger daughter he had fianced▪ besieged the Castle of Mirable, in which Queen Elinor was enclosed, but King john came with a power, and delivered his mother from danger: Arthur earl of Britain ●●ken. he took there his Nephew Arthur, William de Brawsa, Hugh Brune, and many others. Hail as big as hen's eggs, etc. Normand Brundel, Shrive. john de Ely. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Maior. Arthur Earl of Britain, 1203 An, reg, 5. Earl of Britain murdered. from Falaise was brought to Rouen, and put in the Tower under the custody of Robert de Veypont, where shortly after he was dispatched of his life The King of France took Lisie, Dandely, with the castle and vale de Cruel, in which were Robert Fitz Water, Sayer de Quincie, and many others: he took the strong Castle upon Seyne, builded by King Richard. Water Browne, Shrive. William Chamberlain. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Maior. Normandy, Angiou, Britain, Maine, 1204 An, reg, 6. Poitow, and Touraine, were within a short time delivered to King Philip. King john married jane his bastard daughter to Lewelin Prince of Wales, and gave with her the castle and Lordship of Elinsmore, in the Marches of South Wales. Thomas Havarell, Shrive. Hamond Brond. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Maior. The 14. Great frost. Dearth of corn. An. reg. 7 of january began a frost which continued till the 22. day of March: so that the ground could not be tilled, whereof it came to pass, that in Summer following, a quarter of wheat was sold for a Mark, which in the days of Henry the second, was sold for twelve pence. john Walgrave Shrive. Richard Winchester. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Maior. Great thunders and lightnings were seen, so that many men and women were destroyed, 1206 An, reg, 8. bedsides cattle and houses overthrown and burne● corn in the fields was beaten down with hai●● stones as big as goose eggs. john Holland, Shrive. Edmond Fitz Garrard Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Maior. 1207 King john took the 13. part of all movable goods, both of Lay & Religious throughout England. An, reg, ●. The Monks of Canterbury elected Stephen Langton to be their Archbishop. The Pope sent letters to King john, humbly exhorting him to receive the said Stephen, being thereunto canonically elected, the rather because he was an Englishman borne, and a Doctor of Divinity, etc. but king john being greatly offended with the prom●ting of the said Stephen, sent men in armour to expel the Monks of Canterbury, and condemned them of treason. The original of the Kings of Tartary. At this time began the kingdom of Tartars, in Tartary. Queen Isabel was delivered of her first son named Henry. Roger Winchester, Shrive. Edmond Hardwell. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Maior. 1208 England interdicted. W. B. of London. and E B. of Ely, and M. B. of Winchester, by the Pope's commandment, executed the interdiction upon the whole realm, and they ceased through all England to ministering of Ecclesiastical Sacraments, saving of them that were in peril of death, An, reg, 10 and Baptism to children. The King set all the bishoprics and Abbeys in the Realm into the custody of Lay-men, and commanded all Ecclesiastical revenues to be confiscated. This year was granted to the citizens of London, by the king's letters patents, Mayor of London yearly chosen. that they should yearly choose to them a Mayor. Peter Duke, Shrive. Thomas Neale. Shrive. Hen Fitz Alwin Maior. The Exchequer was removed to Northampton by the King's commandment: Exchequer at Northhampton. he also gathered a great Army, and went towards Scotland, as far as the castle at Northampton, where the King of Scots came to them, and treated peace, for which he gave 11000. Marks of silver, and delivered his two daughters for a pledge. After this he took homage of all fréeholders, Homage of freeholders An, reg. 11. and swore all men to his allegiance. The Arches and Stone bridge over the Thames at London, was this year finished by Serle Mercer, and William Alman, London bridge builded of stone than Procurators, or Masters of the Bridgeworkes. Peter le Losne, Shrive. William Blund. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Maior. The King commanded all the jews both men and women to be imprisoned because he would have their money. Iewes ransom. The king brought Ireland under his subjection: he caused the laws of England to be execu●●● there, An, reg, 12 A mint in Ireland. Tax. and money to be coined, he raised a gr●● tax upon all the Religious in England, whom 〈◊〉 caused to pay such a ransom, that the sum ca●● to 100000. pound, besides 40000. pounds of th● white Monks. William de Brawse was chased out of England, and his wife and children murdered at Win●●●▪ Adam Wetley, Shrive. Stephen lafoy Grace. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Maior. 1211 Army into Wales. The King went into Wales with a great for●● subdued all the Princes & Nobles, took 28. plagues for their subjection, and returned. There 〈◊〉 him messengers from the Pope, Legate from Rome. which came 〈◊〉 make an unity betwixt the King & the bishop Canterbury, with the Monks which were bani●shed: but the Ambassadors returned without 〈◊〉 end concluded. A great tax. After this the king took of every knight whi●● was not with him in Wales, two marks of ●uer of every shield. john Fitz Peter, Shrive. john Garland. Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin. Maior. Welsh invaded England. The Welshmen took divers Castles of the King of England, cut off the heads of all the soldiers, burned many Towns, and with a great prey returned. 1211 Pledges hanged. The King caused the 28. pledges that th● Welshmen delivered him to be hanged. An Hermit in Yorkshire named Peter, prophesie● openly to King john, and said, Peter of Pomfret. An, reg. 14. that upon ascension day next coming, he should be no King, but the Crown should be transposed to another. This Peter was apprehended and put in prison. The 10. of july at night the city of London upon the South side of the river of Thames, London bridge perished with fire. with the Church of our Lady of the Canons in Southwark being a fire, and an exceeding great multitude of the people passing the bridge, suddenly the North part by blowing of the South wind, was also set on fire, and the people which were even now passing the bridge, perceiving the same, would have returned, but were stopped with fire, and it came to pass, that as they protracted time, the South end was fired, so that people thronging themselves betwixt the two fires, there came to aid them many Ships and vessels, into the which the multitude so undiscreetely pressed, that the Ships being drowned, it was said, that there were destroyed about three thousand persons. Randolph Eland, Shrive. Constantine joshua, Shrive. Henry Fitz Alwin Maior. Pandulph the Legate admonished the King to restore Stephen Langton to his Sea of Canterbury, and the Monks unto their Abbey: 1213 The King calling to mind the manifold dangers he was in, made promise by oath to be obedient to the Court of Rome. Pandulph with the nobles of the realm, came together at Dover upon ascension even, K. john resigned the Crown. Peter of Pomfret. An, reg, 15. Stephen Langton returned. The King absolved. where the king did resign his Crown with the realm of England and Ireland into the Pope's hands. When the Ascension day was past, Peter the Hermit bound to a horse tail, was drawn through the streets of Warham, and there both he and his son were hanged. Stephen Langton Archbishop of Canterbury, and the other that were banished arrived at Dover, and went to Winchester to the King, and absolved him. Richard Pri●●● of Bermonsey, builded an house (against the wall of the said house of Bermonsey) called the Almor● of Hospital of Converts of S. S. Thomas hospital. Mayor of London. 24. years. Thomas. Henry Fitz Alwin Mayor of London deceased, who had continued Mayor of London four and twenty years. Martin Fitz Alis, Shrive. Peter Bate. Shrive. Roger Fitz Alwine Maior. A ditch about London. The ditch without the walls of London, 200. foot broad was begun. 1214 An, reg, 16. Pope Innocent sent Nicholas Bishop of Tus●●●lane to release the interdiction which had continued 6. years, 3. months, and 14. days. Solomon Basin, Shrive. Saint Edmondsbury burnt. An reg, 17. Hugh Basin. Shrive. Searle Mercer Maior. S. Edmondsbury was consumed with fire. 1215 The King meeteth the Barons. The King met with the Barons in a meadow betwixt Stanes and Windsor, and there granted the liberties of England without any difficulty, the Charter whereof is dated, given by our hand in Rimming mead betwixt Stanes & Windsor, the 16. day of june, the 17. year of our reign, unto which all the whole realm was sworn. The King sent unto the realms next adjoining, to procure him Soldiers, promising them large possessions. By means of Pandulph, the Pope disannulled the aforesaid charter & liberties granted, and also excommunicated the Barons. The Barons excommunicated. By the other messengers were procured a great number of men of war, which landing at Dover, the King forthwith besieged Rochester, and took it. john Travers, Shrive. Andrew Newland, Shrive. William Hardel Maior. The Pope excommunicated the Barons by their peculiar names: but they notwithstanding sent to Philip King of France, requiring him to send his son Lewis into this realm promising to make him King, which the French King refused to do, till the Barons had sent him 24. pledges. Gwall● a Legate was sent from the Pope into France, to forbid the going of Lewis into England: 1216 The Barons sent for Lodowick. b●t his persuasions nothing prevailed: he charged them upon pain of excommunication. This notwithstanding, Lewis with a great army arrived in the Isle of Thanet: An reg. 18. Lewis arrived in England. King john being then at Dover, fled towards Gilford. Lewis subdued all the Castles in Kent, Dover only excepted: then came he to London, where he was honourably received of the Nobles & Citizens: The King marched through Norfolk & Suffolk, till he came to Linne, and appointing Savarice de Manlion to be Captain there, began to fortify the town, but here filling his belly too much, he got a surfeit and therewith fell into a lask, and when the messengers of them that were besieged in Dover were come, and had declared their case, the disease, with grief conceived thereat, increased. The King's treasure drowned. Moreover great sorrow oppressed him, for that in his journey he had lost the ornaments of his chapel with other treasure & carriages at the passage of Welstreame, where many of his household servants were drowned in the water & quicksands: he died in the castle of Newarke on the 19 King john died. of October 1216. where the Captain of the castle causing his body to be bowelled, the same was conveyed to Worcester, and there honourably buried, when he had reigned 17. years, & 5. months, lacking 8. days. Issue of K. john. Farendon. Hales, Godstow, and Knarisbrough. He had issue two sons, Henry and Richard, and three daughters: Isabel, Elinor, and jane. He founded the Abbey of Bowley in a new forest of Southampton. He builded the Monasteries of Farendon and Hales Owen, he re-edified the castle of Godstow, and Wroxal, and increased the chapel of Knarisbrough. Henry of Winchester. An, reg, 1. HEnry the eldest son of john, of the age of 9 years, began his reign the 19 of October, in the year 1216. he was crowned at Gloucester, in the presence of Wallow the Legate. He remained in the custody of William Martial, Earl of Pembroke. Bennet Seinturer, Shrive. William Bluntivers. Shrive. james Alderman Maior. When Lewis heard this, 1217 An, reg, 2 he wist not what to do, whereupon compelled by necessity, he sued for peace, and returned into France. Thomas Boxerell, Shrive. Ralph Eiland Shrive. Serle Mercer Maior. Ranulph Earl of Chester, Saer de Quincie. 1218 An, reg, 3 Earl of Winchester, with others, took their journey towards jerusalem. john de Viel, Shrive. john le Spicer. Shrive. Serle Mercer. Maior. W. Marshal died, Earl Martial died. An, reg, 4. and was buried at London in the new Temple, after whose death the King was governed by Peter Bishop of Winchester. Richard Wimbleton, Shrive. john Viel. Shrive. Serle Mercer Maior. King Henry was crowned at Westminster, 1220 K. Henry crowned at Westminster. Castles of Chartley. Beston, Delacresse. An, reg, 5. by Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury. The new work of our Lady Chapel at Westminster, was begun by King Henry. Ranulph Earl of Chester, builded the Castles of Chartley, Bestone, and the Abbey of Delacresse. Richard Renger, Shrive. john Viel. Shrive. Serle Mercer Maior. 1221 Welshmen subdued. An, reg, 6. K. Henry subdued the Welshmen which rebelled. The Nobles granted to the king two marks of every hide of land. William Earl of Arundel died, buried at Wimondham, a Priory of his foundation. Richard Renger, Shrive. Thomas Lambert, Shrive. Serle Mercer Maior. 1222 Sergeant Mary and Christ. A young man was brought before the Archbishop of Canterbury, who willed himself to be crucified, and to be called jesus. And the old woman that had bewitched the young man to such madness, and procured herself to be called Mary the mother of Christ. They were both closed up between two walls of stone, where they ended their lives in misery. The citizens of London falling out with the Bailise of Westminster, and the men of the suburbs at a game of wrestling, Feet and hands cut off. An, reg, 7. 1223 made a great tumult against the Abbot of Westminster: for the which their Captain Constantine with other were hanged: the other that were culpable had their feet and hands cut off. Richard Renger, Shrive. Thomas Lambert, Shrive. Serle Mercer Maior. King of jerusalem. An, reg, 8. 1224 john de Brennes, King of jerusalem and chief master of the Hospital there, came into England and required aid to win jerusalem, but returned with small comfort. john Travers, shrive. Andrew Bokerel, shrive. Richard Renger Maior. Grey friars. The Friars minours first arrived at Dover 9 in number 5. of them remained at Canterbury, & did there build the first covent of friars minours, that ever was in England: the other 4. came to London, and hired an house in Cornhill, of john Trenars: they were by the Citizens removed to a place in St. Nicholas shambles, which john Iwyn Citizen and Mercer of London, appropriated unto the Commonalty of the City, to the use of the said Friars. The whole Church was builded at that time by divers Citizens. The King granted to the Commonalty of the City of London to have a common seal. john Travers, shrives'. An, reg, 9 Andrew Bokerel, shrive. Richard Renger Maior. The 15. 1225 A fifteen. Great charter confirmed. part of all men's goods movable within the realm, as well of the Clergy, as of the Laity, was granted to the King, and the King granted to the Barons and people, the liberty, which they long time had sued for. Roger Duke, shrives'. An, reg, 10. Martin Fitz William, shrive. Richard Renger Maior. The King granted to the Citizens of London, Free warren An, reg. 11. Free toll. free warren, that is to say, free liberty to hunt a certain circuit about the city. And also that the Citizens of London should pass tol-frée throughout all England, and that all wears in Thames should be destroyed for ever. Roger Duke, shrive. Martin Fitz William, shrive. Richard Renger Maior. The king made all the Charters of the liberties and forests to be frustrate, 1227 Canceled. An, reg, 12 alleging that they were granted whiles he was under ward of other: so it followed, that who so would enjoy the liberties afore granted, must renew their Charters of the King's new seal. Stephen Boxerell, Shrive. 1228 An. reg, 13. Henry Cocham. Shrive. Roger Duke Maior. The king corrected the measures and weights. Great thunder and lightning burned many houses and slew both men add beasts. William Winchester, Shrive. Robert Fitz john Shrive. Roger Duke Maior. 1229 An. reg. 14. Robert Bingham Bishop of Sarisbury by the king's help, prosecuted the building of the new Church at Sarisbury, which his predecessor Richard did translate. Stephen Bokerell, Shirues. Henry Cocham. Shirues. Roger Duke Maior. 1230 Darkness in Paul's Church. Upon the day of Saint Paul. when Roger Niger Bishop of London was at Mass in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, suddenly the weather waxed dark, and an horrible thunder-clay lighted on the Church, the same was shaken, as though it would have fallen, & out of a dark cloud came such lightning, that all the Church seemed to be on fire: all men thought they should have died: thousands of men and women ran out of the Church, An, reg, 15 and being astonished, fell upon the ground void of all understanding: none of all the multitude tarried in the Church, save the Bishop and one Deacon, which stood still at the high Altar. Richard Walter Shrieves. john Woborne Shrieves. Roger Duke Maior. Richard the king's brother married Isabel Countess of Gloucester, 1231 An, reg, 16. late wife to Gilbert Earl of Gloucester, late wife to William Martial Earl of Pembroke, and the marriage being scantly finished, the said William died, and was buried in the new Temple in London. Michael of S. Helen Shrive. Walter de Russel, Shrive. Andrew Bokerel, Pepperer, Mayor The morrow after S. 1232 An. reg. 17 Martin's day began thunders very horrible, which lasted 15. days. Henry Edmonton, Shrive. Gerard Bar, Shrive. Andrew Bokerell, Pepperer, Mayor. 1233 Likeness of five Suns. The 7. of April there appeared as it were four Suns beside the natural Sun, of a red colour, and a great circle of Crystal colour. The king builded a fair Church, Houses of Converts. & many houses adjoining thereunto in the city of London, not far from the new Temple. In which house all the jews and Infidels that did convert to the faith of Christ, might have under an honest rule of life sufficient living, whereby it came to pass, that in short time there was gathered a great number of Converts, Hospital at Oxford. An, reg, 18 which were baptised and instructed in the laws of Christ. He also builded the hospital of S. john without the East gate of Oxford, for sick and strangers to be received in. Simon Fitz Mary, Shrive. Roger Blunt, Shrive. Andrew Bokerel Pepperer Mayor. 1234 Salisbury burnt. Richard Martial, and Leolyne Prince of North-wales, with a great force invaded the king's land, and destroyed the same with fire and sword, from the coasts of Wales to Salisbury, which tow● also they set on fire. This year was a great dearth and pestilence, so that many poor folks died for want of victuals. An, reg, 19 Ralph Ashy, Shrive. john Norman, Shrive. Andrew Bokerell Pepperer Mayor. 1235 The jews at Norwich stole a boy, and circumcised him, meaning to have crucified him at Easter: for which fact they were convicted. S. Marry spital. An, reg, 20 Walter Brune a Citizen of London, and Rosia his wife, founded the Hospital of our Lady without Bishopsgate of London. Gerard Bate, Shrive. Robert Hardell, Shrive. Andrew Bakerell Pepperer Mayor. 1236 High waters. Statutes of Marton. An reg, 21. K. Henry took to wife Elinor, daughter to Raymond, Earl of Province. The Thames overflowed the banks, so that in the great Palace of Westminster men did row with wherries in the midst of the Hall. A Parliament at Marton wherein was made the statutes of Marton. Henry Cocham, Shrive. jordan of Coventry, Shrive. Andrew Bokerell Pepperer Mayor. Octobon a Cardinal came into England as a Legate from the Pope. 1237 This year passed stormy and troublesome weather, and very unhealthful. john Toloson, Shrives'. 1238 Geruas' the Cordwaiver. Shrive. Andrew Bokerell Pepperer Mayor. Octobon being lodged in the Abbey of Osney, Legate put to his shift● the scholars of Oxford slew his master Cook, & the Legate for fear got him into the steeple of the church, where he held him till the king's Officers coming from Abingdon, conveyed him to Wallingford, where he accursed the misdoers. Otho de Kilkeuney, a standard bearer to the scholars, was taken with 12. other, & cast into prison, Scholars did penance & long after went from S. Paul's Church in London to the Legates house, bare footed & bare headed, where they asked him forgiveness. King in danger. An, reg, 23 1239 A Scholar of Oxford enterprised to have slain the King in his chamber at Woodstock, was taken and pulled in pieces with horses john Coders, Shrive. john de Wilchale, Shrive. Richard Renger Maior. The K. Tower of London. An, reg, 24 1240 gave the Earldom of Leicester to Simon Mountford. The Tower of London was fortified, which the citizens feared lest it were done to their detriment. Roger Bongry, shrive. Ralph Ashy, shrive. William joiner Maior. The stone gate & bulwark which the king caused to be builded by the tower of London was shaken with an earthquake, & fell down: Bulwark by the Tower. but the king commanded the same to be builded again. Many strange fishes came a shore, Monstrous fishes. whereof 40. were Seabuls, and one of a huge bigness passed through the bridge of London unhurt, till he came as far as king's house at Mortlacke, where he was killed. aldermans An, reg, 125 Aldermen of London, which had the rule of the wards of the City, were every year changed. john Gisers, Shrive. Michael Tony. Shrive. Gerard Bat, Maior. The jews were constrained to pay 2000 marks at two terms in the year, 1241 Bulwark by the Tower. An, reg, 26. or else to be kept in perpetual prison. The walls and bulwarks that were newly builded about the tower of London, were again thrown down as it were with an earthquake. john Viel, Shrive. Thomas Duresme. Shrive. Reginald Bongey. Maior. An. reg. 27. 1242 K. Henry with a great army sailed into Normandy, purposing to recover Poiteer, Guien, and other countries, but after many bicker, to the loss of Englishmen, he treated peace. john Fitz john Shrive. Ralph Asswaie. Shrive. Reginald Bongey Mayor. 1263 Great floods. The Thames overflowed the banks about Lambeth, & drowned houses and fields the spa● of 6. miles, and in the great hall at Westminster, men took their horses backs. Hugh Blunt Shrive. Adam Basin, Shrive. Ralph Ashwie, Pepperer Mayor. Griffin the eldest son of Leoline prince of North-wales, 1244 Miserable death of Griffin. which was kept prisoner in the Tower of London, made of the hangings, shéets, towels, etc. a long line, & put himself down from the top of the tower: but being a very big man, the rope broke, and he fell on his neck. Robert Grofted. An, reg, 29. Robert Grosted Bishop of Lincoln, with other Prelates, complained to the king of the waste made of the Church goods, by alien Bishops and clerk. Ralph Foster, Shrive. Nicholas Bat, Shrive. Michiael Tony. Maior. The King enlarged the Church of S. Peter's in Westminster, pulling down the old walls, 1245 An, reg, 30 1246 and steeple, and caused them to be made more comely. Robert of Cornhill, Shrive. Adam of Bentley, Shrive. john Gisers, Pepperer Mayor. The Church of S. Mildred in Canterbury, Canterbury burnt. An, reg, 31 and a great part of the City was burnt. Simon Fitz Marie, shrive. Laurence Froike, shrive. john Gisers, Pepperer, Mayor. King Henry let to f●rme the Quéene-hive in London to john guysor's then Mayor, 1247 Queen hive. and his successors, and commonalty of London for ever, for the sum of 50. pounds the year. A great plague was in England. john Viell, shrives'. Pestilence. An, reg, 32. 1248 Nicholas Bat, shrive. Peter Fitz Alwin Maior. By reason of the embasing of the coin, a great penury followed. The town of Newcastle upon Tine, was burned, bridge and all. Earthquake An, reg. 33 By a strange earthquake the tops of houses were thrown down, walls did cleave, the head of chimneys and towers were shaken. Nicholas Fitz josey, shrive. Geoffrey Winchester shrive. Michael Toney Maior. 1249 A Mart at Westminster. An, reg, 34. The King made a Mart at Westminster to la●● 15. days, which the citizens were fain to redeem with 1000 pounds. Richard Hardell, Shrive. john Tolason, Shrive. Roger Fitz Roger Maior. In October the sea flowing twice without ebb, made so horrible a noise, that it was heard a great way into England, 1250 Tempests. beside this in a dark night, the sea seemed to be on a light fire, and the wa●s to fight one with another, so that the Mariners were not able to save their ships. And at Winche●●sea, Winchelsea drowned. besides cottages for salt, & fishermen's houses, bridges & mills, above 300. houses in that town, with certain Churches, through the violent rising of the sea were drowned. An, reg, 35. Humphrey Bea, shrive. William Fitz Richard, shrive. john Norman Maior. 1251 Mayor of London sworn. An, reg. 36. K. Henry granted, that where before the citizens of London did present their Mayor before the king, wheresoever he were, and so to be admitted, now should come only before the Barons of the Exchequer. Lawrence Froicke, shrive. Nicholas Bat, shrive. Adam Basin Maior. A great drought from Easter to Michaelmas. 1252 Shepherds assembled. An, reg, 37. The shepherds of France & England took their journey towards the holy land, to the number of 30000. but their number vanished in short time. William Durham, shrive. Thomas Wimborn, shrive. john Toloson Draper Maior. The liberties of London were seized by the means of Richard Earl of Cornwall, 1253 Liberties of London seized. An, reg, 38. who charged the Mayor that he looked not to the Bakers for their ●ses of bread: so that the city was forced to please the Earl with 600. Marks, and were restored. john Northampton, shrive. Richard Pickard, shrive. Richard Hardell Draper, Maior. Edward the king's son, wedded Elinor the king's daughter of Spain, his father gave him the Earldom of Chester, 1254 An, reg, 39 & the governance of Gwien and Ireland. Ralph Ashy, shrive. Robert of Limon. shrive. Richard Hardell Druper Maior. 142. Iewes were brought to Westminster, which were accused of crucifying a child at Lincoln, 18. of them were hanged, 1255 An, reg, 40. Iewes hanged. the rest remained long prisoners. Stephen Do, shrive. Henry Walmond. shrive. Richard Hardell Draper Maior. 1256 An, reg, 41 The Mayor and divers Aldermen of London, and the Sheriffs were deprived of their offices, & the governance of the City committed to other. 1257 Michael, Bokerell Shrive. john the Minor, Shrive. Richard Hardel Draper Maior. King of Almain. Hugh Bigot, chief justice of England, & Rog● Turkleby, kept their Courts in the Guild hall 〈◊〉 London, and punished the bakers upon the Tu●●berell, and did many other things contrary to th● laws of the City. Walls of London repaired. An, reg, 42. 1258 The King caused the walls of the City 〈◊〉 London to be repaired. Richard Owell shrive. William Skwie shrive. Richard Hardel Draper Maior. The Lords held a Parliament at Oxford, whe● were chosen 12. Peers, which had authorities correct the breakers of these ordinances: the King his brethren the Noble men and Barons, taking their oath to see the same observed. Mad Parliament. Twelve Peers. A jew drowned. An. reg. 43. A jew 〈◊〉 Tukesbury fell into a privy upon the Saturd●●▪ and would not for reverence of his Sabboath 〈◊〉 plucked out: wherefore Richard of Clare Earl 〈◊〉 Gloucester kept him there till Monday, at whi●● time he was dead. Robert Cornhill Shrive. john Adrian. Shrive. Richard Hardel Draper Maior. 1259 Oath to the King. An, reg, 44. The king commanded the Mayor that he should ca● to be sworn every stripling of 12. years of a●● or upward, to be true to the king & his heirs, & th●● the gates of the city should be kept with harnessed 〈◊〉 john Adrian, Shrive. Robert Cornhill, Shrive. john guysor's Pepperer Mayor. The Barons & nobles of the realm held a Parliament at London, in the new Temple, Parliament An, reg, 45 and the King held himself in the Tower of London. Adam Browning, Shrive. Henry Coventry, Shrive. William Fitz Richard Maior. K. Henry published at Paul's cross, 1261 K Henry absolved. An, reg, 46 the Pope's absolution for him & all his that were sworn to maintain the articles made in the parliament at Oxford. john Northampton, Shrive. Richard Pickard, Shrive. William Fitz Richard Maior. The Barons armed men against the King, Barons in armour. 1262 and all this year hovered about London, without any notable of act rebellion. This year 1263. An reg. 47 1263 Saracens attempt to conquer Christendom. all Christian nations on the other side the sea, sustained great dangers & outrages by the miscreant Sarazens: so as the Christians was constrained to use their best means to suppress them. And in Paris there was a great Council held of Prelates and Barons, to devise means for their country's safety. In the 10. year of the reign of Richard the Emperor there was a blazing star seen 3. months. A blazing star. Earl of Cornwall chosen Emperor. At this time there was a Schism amongst the Prince's Electors in Germany, and they elected Richard Earl of Cornwall, brother to K. Henry of England: he was chosen in the year 1257. or as some say, in the year 1255. & with him was likewise chosen A●phonso, King of Castille: Thomas Aquinas. he reigned 18. years: in his time flourished the great Clerk S. Thomas Aquinas. I●hn Taylor, shrive. Richard Walbroke, shrive. Thomas Fitz Thomas, Maior. There was slain of jews in London to the number of 700. 1263 jews slain for usury. An reg, 48. the rest were spoiled, & their Synagogues defaced, because one jew would have forced a Christian man to have paid more than 2. d. for the usury of 20. s. the week. Robert Monpilet, Shrive. Osbert Suffolk, Shrive. Thomas Fitz Thomas Maior. 1264 Battle at Lewes. The King taken. An, reg, 49. A battle at Lewis between K. Henry & the Barons, in which battle the King with his son Edward & Richard Earl of Cornwall, with many other Lords, were taken by Simon of Mountford, Earl of Leicester and the Barons. Gregory Rokesley, shrive. Thomas of Lafford, shrive. Thomas Fits Thomas Maior. 1265 Battle at Eu●sham. Edward being now at liberty, allied him with the Earl of Gloucester & gathering to him a great power, warred so freshly upon Simon of Leicester, that at the end, he with many other of the nobles, were slain in the battle at Euisham. A parliament was holden at Winchester, when all the statutes made at Oxford, Parliament at winchester. An, reg, 50 were disannulled. London was in great danger to have been destroyed by the K. for displeasure he had conceived, but the Citizens wholly submitted both lives & goods in●● the king's hands. The King gave unto his son Edward, the Mayor and 4. Aldermen: many other were committed to several prisons. Edward Blund, Shrive. Peter Anger, Shrive. Thomas Fitz Thomas Fitz Richard Maior. The king gave to divers of his household servants about the number of 60. houses & households within the City: so that the owners were compelled to redeem their houses and goods, 1266 Battle of Chesterfild. An, reg, 51. or else to avoid them. The 11. of May was the battle of Chesterfield against them that were disherited, where many were slain. john hind, shrive. john Walraven, shrive. William Richard Maior. Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester, 1267 An, reg, 52. allying himself with the exiled Gentlemen, rose against the K. & the 8. of April with an army entered the city of London, & therein builded bulwarks, & cast trenches in divers places: the King gathered an army, came towards London, pitched his tents at Stafford, and tarried there the space of one month. The sixth of june the Earl of Gloucester in peaceable manner rendered the City unto the King. john Adrian, shrive. Lucas Ba●ecourt, shrive. Alin Souch Mayor. Variance fell between the fellowship of Goldsmiths and Tailors of London, 1268 An, reg, 53 causing great rufflings in the City, and many men to be slain. For which riot, twelve of the chief Captains were hangs. Walter Harvey, Shrive. William Duresme, Shrive. Sir Stephen de Edward Mayor. Great frost 1269 An. reg. 54. The river of Thames was so hard frozen from S. Adrewes' tide to Candlemas, that men & beasts passed on foot from Lambeth to Westminster, the merchandise was carried from Sandwich and other havens to London by land. Thomas Basin Shrive. Robert Cornhill, Shrive. Hugh Fitz Otonis Maior. 1270 An, reg, 55. The Nobles of England assembled at London to entreat of divers matters, whereof there arose discord betwixt john Warren Earl of Surrey, and Alin de la Souch Lord justice of Ireland, before the justice of the Bench, where the said Alin Souch was wounded to death. Walter Potter, Shrive. Taylor. Shrive. john Adrian Vintner Maior. 1271 An, reg, 56. The steeple of Bow in Cheap fell down, and slew many people, men and women. Richard King of Almain, and Earl of Cornwall, brother to K. Henry, deceased, and was buried at hails. Gregory Rokesly, Shrive. Henry Walis, Shrive. john Adrian Vintner Maior. 1272 Riot at Norwich. An, reg, 57 In june began a great riot in the City of Norwich, through the which the monastery of the Trinity was burned, whereupon the King rod down, and making inquiry for the chief doers thereof, caused 30. of them to be condemned, drawn, hanged and burnt. Richard Paris, shrive. john Bedell, shrive. Sir Walter Harvey Maior. K. Henry died in the 16. of November, in the year 1272. when he had reigned 56. years, & 28. days: he was buried at Westminster: he builded a great part of the same Church: he left for his heir, his eldest son Edward, Edmond Crowchbacke Earl of Leicester, and Lancaster, and two daughters, Beatrice and Margaret. King Edward, surnamed Longshanks. EDward the first after the Conquest, An, reg, 1. 1273 son to Henry the third, surnamed Longshank, began his reign the 16. of November, in the year 1272. being then beyond the sea. john Horn, shrive. Walter Potter, shrive. Sir Walter Harvey Knight Maior. This year fell a great variance at Oxford, An, reg, 2 1274 between the Northern and Irishmen, wherein many Irishmen were slain. Nicholas Winchester, Shrive. Henry Coventry, Shrive. Henry Walls Mayor. On St. Nicholas even were great earthquakes, An, reg, 3 lightnings & thunder with a huge dragon, and a blazing star which made many men sore afraid. Usury was forbidden to the jews, and that they might be known, Usury forbidden. the King commanded them to wear a Tablet the breadth of a palm upon their outmost garments. A Frenchman brought into Northumberland a Spanish Ewe, as big as a Calf of two years, 1275 First rot of sheep. which Ewe being rotten, infected so the country, that it was spread over all the Realm. Lucas Batecourt, shrive. Henry Frowicke, shrive. Castle of Flint. An, reg, 4. 1276 Gregory Rokesley, master of the King's Mints, and therefore a Goldsmith I think. Maior. King Edward builded the Castle of Flint, strengthened the Castle of Rutland, & other against the Welshmen. There was a general earthquake, by force whereof the Church of Saint Michael of the mount without Glastenbury, Black Friars in London. fell to the ground. The black friars Church at London, was builded by Robert Kilworby, Archbishop of Canterbury. john Horn, Shrive. Ralph Blunt, Shrive. Gregory Rokesly Maior. An, reg, 5. 1277 The statute of Mortmain was enacted, Michael Tony was hanged, drawn, and quartered for treason. Robert de Aria. shrive. Ralph le Fevere, shrive. Gregory Rokesley, Maior. King Edward gave unto David, brother to Leoline Prince of Wales, the Lordship of Frodisham. An, reg. 6. 1278 john Adrian, Shrive. Walter Langley, Shrive. Gregory Rokesley, Maior. Michaelmas Term was kept at Shrewsbury. An, reg, 7. 1279 Iewes executed. Reformation was made for clipping of the King's coin: for which offence 267. Iewes were put to execution. Robert Basin shrive. William Mazaliver, shrive. Gregory Rokesley Maior. Whereas before this time the penny was wont to have a double cross with a crest, First halfpences and farthings round. 1280 in such sort that the same might be easily broken in the midst, or in 4. quarters, & so to be made into halfpenies or farthings, it was now ordained, that pence, halfpences, & farthings should be made round. At this time twenty pence weighed an ounce of Troy weight. Thomas Box, Shrive. Ralph le Lamere, Shrive. Gregory Rokesley Maior. David brother to Leoline Prince of Wales, An, reg, 9 1281 moved all Wales almost to rise against the King. William Farrendo Goldsmith, Shrive. Nicholas Winchester, Shrive. Gregory Rokesley Maior. There was such a frost that 5. Bridges broken down. arches of London bridge, and all Rochester bridge was borne down and carried away, with many bridges more. William Mazaliue●, Shrive. Richard Chigwell, Shrive. Henry de Wales Mayor. An, reg, 11 1282 Corn sold by weight. The ton in Cornhill. The Bakers of London were first drawn upon Herdels by Henry Walleis Maior, and corn was then first sold by weight. This Henry Walleis caused to be erected the Ton upon Cornhill to be a prison for night walkers, and other suspicious persons. The stocks market. 1283 He also caused to be builded an house called the Stocks, to be a market for flesh and fish in the midst of the City. The jews synagogues destroyed. john Pecham Archbishop of Canterbury, sendeth commandment to the Bishop of London to destroy all the Synagoves of the jews, within his Diocese. Ralph Blond, Shrive. Anktein de Betevil, Shrive. Henry de Walleis, Maior. An, reg, 12 1284 Leoline Prince of Wales was slain, and his head was set upon the Tower of London. Also David the brother of Leoline Prince of Wales, was taken and beheaded. jordan Godcheape, Shrive. Martin Box, Shrive. An, reg, 13. 1283 Henry Walleis Maior. Edward the King's first son, was borne at Carnarvan in Wales. Philip of France, surnamed the Fair, began his reign in the year 1285. he builded the stately Palace for the Parliament in Paris▪ he took Guy the Earl of Flanders, and carried him & his two son's prisoners to Paris. In his time Pope Clement the 5. was consecrated at Lions. And the Cathedral Papal was transferred from Rome unto Avignon in France, and there remained 70. Knight's Templars suppressed, & Knights of the Rhods ordained. years during which transmigration, there were 3. Cardinals appointed to govern Italy. In this King's reign the Hospitelars of St. john took Rhodes, and drove out the Turks, and were afterwards called Knights of the Rhodes. This Philip bore great hatred unto the Knights Templars, which at this time flourished throughout Christendom, whose name & order of Templars, began presently after the conquest of the holy land by Godfrey of Bullen, as well for their religious resolute defending the Temple, suppressing all manner of thieves and robbers, that offended the Christians in judea, as their continuing warlike service upon the common enemies of Christ's religion, viz: the Turks and Saracens, who by their oath were bound not to turn their face from their enemies. This honourable order by degrees became most famous, & was by this time dignified and received in every Christian nation: which Knights for the most part consisted of younger brothers of noble birth and haughty courage, & were possessed of fair palaces, endowed with great privileges & revenues for their maintenance. These men presuming upon their proper merits, kindred, alliance, and large possessions, became very proud and insolent, but whether their great pride, or abundance of wealth, caused their sudden suppression, ●s not directly set down in any history, therefore I submit my opinion unto the saying of the holy Scripture, to wit, Pride goeth before destruci●n. The King's displeasure towards them prevailed so far that he procured the Pope to suppress them with confiscation of their lands & goods, & in their places for the Christian service against the forenamed common enemies of our faith, they ordained the order of the Knights of the Rhodes. This King reigned 28. years, and was buried at S. Denys, read Gaguin 7. book, ● Emilius 8. book. In the year 1522. the Isle of Rhodes was yielded unto Sultan Solyman upon Christmas day, after it had been besieged 6. months with great strength and fury: and then that name and title of Knights of the Rhodes ceased: but for as much as the maintenance of such a special order was as propicious to the Christian service, as odious unto Turkish infidelity, the Emperor Charles the 5. in the year 1529. gave unto the late Knights of the Rhodes, the Isle of Malta, since which time they have been called the knights of Malta, having upon all occasions & extremity whatsoever, right worthily performed their oath, maintained their order and reputation: for which cause the inveterate malice of the Mahometists continued as great towards them, as to any former ordered Christian servitors: whereupon, as well in ha●● to suppress them, as to increase further oppression upon Christendom, the forenamed Solyman, t●● 10. of May 1565. sent Mustapha Bassa with ● mighty host against them who won certain hol●● and forts within the Island. And with all violen●● they besieged their chief city called Bourg by 〈◊〉 and land, whom the forenamed Knights and the● friends as religious & valiantly resisted, as w● insallying forth upon the strongest part of their enemy's camp, as maintaining their walls, waterworks, & rampires. Albeit of themselves it was not possible for them to make long resistance against so strong & cruel enemies, having already endured 4. months terrible siege, by which time the K. of Spain sent fresh supplies unto them, and ●ing conjoined, so stoutly repulsed Mustapha, that in gladly raised his siege, and departed with loss of 25000. of his men, and of Christians there were slain 5000. besides 240. Knights of the order. Laurence Ducket Goldsmith, Ducket hanged up in Bow Church. grievously wounded one Ralph Crepin in West Cheap: and then fled into Bow Church: after that, certain evil disposed persons, friends to the said Ralph, entered the Church in the night time, and slew the said Laurence lying in the steeple, and then hanged him up, placing him as though he had hanged himself. But shortly after, by relation of a boy, the truth of the matter was known: for the which a woman and sixteen men were put in prison, and afterward more, who all were drawn and hanged, save the woman who was burnt. The great Conduit in Cheap was begun to be builded. Stephen Cornhill, shrive. Robert Rokesley, shrive. Gregory Rokesley Maior. A Iustes was proclaimed at Boston in the fair time, whereof one part came in the habit of Monks, another in the suit of Canons, who had covenanted after the justs to spoil the fair, An, reg. 14. 1286 for the atchiving of their purposes▪ they fired the town in 3. places. Fair at Boston spoiled. An, reg, 15 Yarmouth D●nwich & Ipswich perished. 1287 Walter Blunt, Shrive. john Wade, Shrive. Ralph Sandwich Maior. On New years day at night, as well through vehemency of the wind, as violence of the se●, many Churches were overthrown and destroyed, not only at Yarmouth, Dunwich, and Ipswich, but also in divers other places of England. Thomas Crosh, Shrive. Walter Hautaine, Shrive. Ralph Sandwich Maior. An, reg, 16. 1288 The Summer was so exceeding hot, that many men died through the extremity thereof: and yet wheat was sold at London for 3. s. 4. d. the quarter, and such cheapness of beans and pease, as the like had not been heard of. William Hereford, Shrive. Thomas Stanes, Shrive. Ralph Sandwich Custos. An reg. 17. 1289 Great hail fell in England, & after ensued great rain, that the year following wheat was raised from 5. d. the bushel to 16. d. & so increased yearly, till it was lastly sold for 20. s. the quarter. William Betaine, Shrive. john of Canterbury, Shrive. Ralph Sandwich Maior. An, reg, 18 1290 Rice ap Meredith, was by the Earl of Cornwall taken, drawn, hanged and quartered. Falke of S. Edmond, Shrive. Solomon le Stotell, Shrive. Sir john Briton Custes. The transgressions of divers justices was tried out, & punished accordingly: some lost their goods, An, reg, 19 1291 and then were banished: some as well of the Bench as of the Assizes were sent to the Tower. The King banished all the jews out of England, giving them to bear their charges till they were out of the realm: Iewes banished. the number of jews then expulsed, were 15. M. 9 persons. Thomas Romain Shrive. William de Liar. Shrive. john de Breton. Custos. The wool staple was ordained to be at Sandwich. Ralph Blunt, Shrives'. An, reg, 20 1292 Hamond Box Shrive. Ralph Sandwich Custos. King Edward adjudged john Ballioll to be true heir of Scotland. An, reg, 21: john Ballioll did homage for Scotland. Queen Elinor died at Herdby, a town near to Lincoln, she was brought to Westminster, and there buried. 1293 Queen deceased. The king made at every place where she stayed a costly cross, with the Queen's image upon it. Charing Cross, and the Cross in West Cheap of London, were two of them. The Minoresse, The Minoresse. a Nunnery without Algate of London, was founded by Edmond Earl of Leicester, brother to King Edward. Henry Bole, Shrive. Elias Russel, Shrive. Ralph Sandwich Custos. Three men had their right hands cut off in west Cheap for rescuing a prisoner rested by an Officer in the City of London. An, reg, 22 1294 Robert Rokesly, Shrive. Martin Aunsbresby, Shrive. Ralph Sandwich, Maior. An, reg, 23 1295 The water of Thames overflowed the banks, and made a breach at Rotherheth beside London the low ground about Bermondsey and Tooth, was overflowed. Henry Box, Shrive. Richard Gloucester, Shrive. Sir Ralph Sandwich Maior. An, reg, 24 Castle of Beawmarish. The King passing with an army against the Welshmen, builded the Castle of Beawmarish in the Isle of Anglesey. The Welshmen were consumed by famine, their woods were felled, and many castles fortified▪ Rice ap Meredith was brought to London. The Frenchmen arrived at Dover, and spoiled the town. 1296 john of Dunstable, Shrive. Adam de Halingbery, Shrive. Sir john Breton Maior. An reg, 25. 1297 K. Edward won Berwick. john Balliol King of Scots, contrary to his allegiance rebelled: King Edward won the Castle's 〈◊〉 Berwick and Dunbarre: he slew of Scots 25. thousand: he conquered Edinburgh, where he found the regal ensigns of Scotland. Thomas Suffolk, Shrive. Adam Fulham, Shrive. Sir john Breton Maior. An, reg, 2●. The King increased the tribute of the wools tasking for every sack 40. s. where before th● time they paid but half a mark. The Scots by instigation of W. Wale●s ●ebelled, 1298 and put the Englishmen to much trouble. john de Stortford, shrive. W. de Stortford, shrive. Sir john Breton, Maior. Fire being kindled in the lesser hall of the palace at Westminster, An, reg 27. 1299 The King's palace burnt. S martin's in the Vintry. the flame thereof being driven with wind, fired the building of the Monastery next adjoining, which with the palace were both consumed. S. Martin's Church in the Vintry at London, was now builded by the Executors of Matthew de Calumbaris. Richard Rotham, Shrive. Thomas S●ly, Shrive. Henry Waleis Maior. This realm was troubled with false money, An, reg, 2●. Fall money. 1300 called Crockden and Pollard, coined in parts beyond the seas, and uttered for sterling. K. Edward took to wife Margaret sister to Philliple Beaw then King of France. john de A●mentiers, Shrive. Henry de Fingrie, Shrive. Henry Waleis Maior. K, Edward made his voyage against the Scots, An, reg, 29. 1301 wherein he subdued a great part of the land, took the castle of Estrevelive with other, and made the Lords swear to him fealty. Lucas Havering, shrive. Richard Camps, shrive. Elias Russell Maior. The K. An, reg, 30 1302 gave to Edward his son the Princedom of Wales, and joined there unto the Dukedom of Cornwall, and the Earldom of Chester. Robert Collever, shrive. Peter de Boscube, shrive. Elias Russel Maior. An, reg, 31 1303 The Scots rebelling, made William Waleis their leader, wherefore the king having his army ready, passed over the whole land, none offering him battle. Hugh Port, Shrive. Simon Paris, Shrive. Sir john Blunt Maior. An, reg, 32. 1304 Richard Gravesend Bishop of London deceased, who is reported to have purchased the Charters & liberties of the City of London, in the year of our Lord 1392. in the 16. of Richard the second. The untruth whereof I have thought good thus much to note. The King's bench and exchequer returned. The K. returning out of Scotland, commanded the courts of the King's bench and the Exchequer, which had now remained at York seven years, to be removed to their old places at London. W. de Combematin, Shrive. I. de Bereford, Shrive. Sir john Blunt. Maior. An, reg, 33 Draw the staff. 1305 K. Edw. ordained justices of Tirelebaston, against intruders into other men's lands, truce breakers, extortioners, murderers, and such like offenders. W. Waleis, which had oftentimes set Scotland in great trouble, was taken & brought to London where he was hanged, headed, and quartered. Roger Paris, Shrive. john Lincoln, Shrive. Sir john Blunt Maior. Robert Bruce caused himself to be crowned King of Scots, whereof when King Edward heard, An, reg, 34 1306 he went with haste into Scotland, where he chased the said Robert Bruce, and took many of the Noble men prisoners, and brought Scotland into such obedience, as he gave of the lands, thereof to his subjects of England, with Markets, Fairs, & Warrens. Among other, I have seen under the broad seal of the said King Edward, a Manor called Retnes, in the County of Forfaire in Scotland, & near the furthest part of the same nation, Northward, given to john Ewer, and his heirs, john Ewer. ancestors to the Lord Ewer that now is, for the service done in those parts, with market every monday, Fair for 3. days every year at Michaelmas, and free warren for the same, dated at Lavereost the xx. day of October, Anno Reg. 34. William Coser, Shrive. Reginald Thunderle, Shrive. Sir john Blunt Maior. This year 1306. An, reg, 35. Sea-coal forbidden to be burned near London. upon sundry complaints of many of the Clergy & Nobility resorting to the city of London, touching the great anoiance & danger of contagion growing by reason of the french of burning sea-coal, which divers fire makers in Southwark, Wapping, & East Smithfield, now used to make their common fires because of cheapness hereof, & to forbear the burning of bavin and fire coal, the King expressly commanded the Mayor and Shrives' of London for with to make proclamation that all those fire-makers should cease their burning of sea-coal, and make their fires of such fuel of wood and coal as had been formerly used. Read the Record. The great new Church of the grey Friars in London was begun to be builded by the Lady Margaret Queen, 1307 second wife to Edward the first. john of Briton, Earl of Richmond, builded the body of the church, the residue was finished by the Lady Mary Countess of Pembroke, Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester, Margaret Countess of Gloucester, Elinor Spencer, Elizabeth Bourgh, sisters to Gilbert de Clare. King Edward sent messengers into England, & commanded that all that ought him service, should be ready at Carlisle within 3. weeks after the feast of S. john Baptist, But himself being vexed with a bloody flux, the 7. of july departed this life at Burgh upon the sands, in the year of our Lord 1307. when he had reigned 34. years, seven months, and odd days: his body was buried at Westminster, unto the which Church he had given lands to the value of an hundred pound by year: 20. pound thereof yearly to be distributed to the poor. Edward of Carnarvan. An, reg. 1. EDward the second, son to the first Edward, borne at Carnarvan, began his reign the 7. of july, in the year 1307. he was fair of body, but unsteadfast of manners, not regarding to govern his commonweal by discretion & justice, which caused great variance between him and the Lords. Nicholas Pigot, Shrive. Nigellus Drury, Shrive. Sir john Blunt Maior. The King married Isabel the French Kings daughter. 1308 The Lords envying Pierce of Gavestone, Pierce of Gaveston exiled. An, reg, 2. Earl of Cornwall, a stranger borne, banished him the land. William Basin, shrive. james Borener, shrive. Nicholas Faringdon Goldsmith, Maior. The King sent for Pierce of Gaveston out of Ireland, 1309 An, reg, 3 and gave him the Earl of Glocesters' sister in marriage, which caused him again to rise in pride, scorning the Nobles of the realm. The Barons therefore declared to the King, that except he would expel the said Pierce from his company, they would rise against him, as against a perjured Prince: whereupon once again he caused Pierce to abjure. james of S. Edmond, shrive. Roger Palmer, shrive. Thomas Roman Mayor. Pierce of Gavestone returned into England, 1310 An, reg, 4. and came to the kings presence, who forgetting all oaths and promises, received him as a heavenly gift. The Church of Middleton in Dorsetshire, was consumed with lightning, the Monks being at matins. Simon de Corpe, shrive. Peter Blackney, shrive. Richard Reffam Mercer Maior. Templars. condemned Templars in England, upon heresy and other filthy Articles, whereof they were accused, were condemned to perpetual penance in several Monasteries. 1311 Pierce of Gavestone beheaded. The Barons of England being confederated against Pierce of Gavestone, besieged him at the castle of Scarborough, where they took him, and brought him to Warwick castle, and caused his head to be stricken off. Simon Mermood shrive. Richard Gilford, shrive. Sir john guysor's Pepperer Mayor. 1312 Queen Isabel was delivered of her first son named Edward, at Windsor. The Rhods won by the Christians. An, reg, 6. The Knights of the order of S. john Baptist, called S. john of jerusalem, put the Turks out of the Isle of Rhodes, and after that, wan upon the said Turks daily for a long time. john Lambyn, Shrive. Richard Gilford, Shrive. Sir john guysor's Pepperer Mayor. 1313 Battle at Streveling. An, reg, 7. King Edward gathering a great power, marched towards Scotland to break the siege of the Castle of Strevelin, where he and his power encountered with Robert Bruce and the Scots: in the end whereof the English men were discomfited, and so eagerly pursued by the Scots, that many of the Noble men were slain. This year 1313. according to the Chronicles of Germany, The French King burneth all his diseased. Philip king of France, surnamed the Fair, having his body full of venomous scabs & manginess, caused all such of his subjects, as well women as men, both in France and Flaunders, as had either the leprosy, or meazelrie, to be burned. The cause of this his tyrannous rigour was because he had been informed, that the said lazar or pocky people had wilfully poisoned all the chief wells and standing waters. Some say, that this visitation was the divine justice of God upon the King for suppressing the Knight's Templars. All the jews in Germany burned. And in the year 1403. all the jews in Germany were burned, because they had poisoned all the wells and standing waters. It appeareth by foreign Chronicles, that the jews had a general purpose to poison the Christians: for the jews in France did poison the waters likewise, and were severely punished. Robert Gurdome, Shrive. Hugh Garton, Shrive. Nicholas Farendon Goldsmith Maior. The King caused his writs to be published for victuals, 1314 Victuals prized. An, reg, 8. that no Ox stalled or corn fed be sold for more than 24. s. no grass fed ox for more than 16. s. a fat stalled cow at 12. s. another cow at 10. shillings. A fat mutton corn fed, or whose wool is well grown, at 20. pence, another fat mutton shorn at 14. d. A fat hog of 2. years old, at 3. s. 4. d. A fat goose at 2. d. half penny in the city at 3 d. A fat Capon at 2. d. in the city at 2. d. half penny, A fat hen at one penny, in the city at one penny half penny. Two chickens a penny, in the city on penny half penny. Four pigeons for one penny, in the city three pigeons for one penny, 24. eggs a penny, in the city 20. eggs a penny, etc. Stephen Abingdon, Shrive. Hamond Chigwell, Shrive. Sir john guysor's pepperer, Maior. 1315 A Tanner's son claimed to be King. An, reg, 9 Mortality of men, Dogs flesh good meat. Children were eaten. A Tanner's son of Exeter named himself the son of Edward the first, for the which he was hanged at Northampton. The dea●th increased through the abundance of rain that fell in harvest: so that a quarter of wheat or salt was sold for xl. s. There followed this famine a grievous mortality of people, so that the quick might uneath bury the dead. The beasts & cattle also by the corruptness of the grass whereof they fed, died: horseflesh was counted great delicates, the poor stole fat dogs to eat: some in hid places, did eat the flesh of their own children. The thieves that were in prison, thieves devoured one another. did pluck in pieces those that were newly brought amongst them, and greedily devoured them half alive. Hamond Goodcheape, Shrive. William Bodele, Shrive. Stephen Abingdon Maior. There arrived in England two Cardinals, to make peace between England & Scotland, and to reconcile unto the K. 1316 Two Cardinals robbed. Thomas Earl of Lancaster. When they came near unto the town of Derlington, certain robbers, Gilbert Middleton and Walter Selby being their Captains, suddenly set upon the family of the Cardinals, & rob them of their treasure: but the Cardinals came to Dirham, where they tarried a few days for answer of the Scots, and so returned to York. Gilbert Middleton was taken, An, reg, 10. carried to London, and there drawn and hanged. Sir josseline Denuile & his brother Robert, with 220. in the habit of Friars, did many notable robberies, they spoiled the Bishop of Dirhams' palaces, leaving in them nothing but bare walls, thieves like Friars. for the which they were hanged at York. William Causton, Shrive. Ralph Ballancers, Shrive. john Wengrave Maior. The new work of the Chapel, New work of Paul's. on the South side of the Church of S. Paul in London being begun, there were found in the foundation, more than 100 heads of Oxen and Kine, which then confirmed greatly the opinion of those, who have reported, that of old time it had been the Temple of jupiter, and that there was the sacrifice of beasts. Edward de Bruse, the king of Scots brother, 1317 Edward Bruce beheaded. An, reg, 11. who by the space of 3. years, had assaulted Ireland, and had crowned himself King, was taken by English men, and beheaded at Dundalke. john Brior shrive. William Furneiss, shrive. john Wengrave Maior. The town of Berwick was betrayed to the Scots, through the treason of Peter Spalding. Berwick betrayed. 1318 A murrain of Kine. A great murrain of kine happened, dogs & ravens eating of the kine were poisoned, and did swell to death, so that no man durst eat any beef. john Pounting, Shrive. john Dalling, Shrive. john Wengrave Maior. The king being at York, Suburbs of York burnt. the Scots entered England, came to York, and burned the suburbs of the city, & took sir john of Britain, Earl of Richmond, prisoner, with many other. Many herdsmen, & certain women of England, would go seek the holy land to kill the enemies of Christ, 1319 Herdsmen and women went towards jerusalem. An, reg, 13. as they said: but because they should not pass over the great sea, they slew many jews in the parts of Tolose, and Gascoine: wherefore many of them were taken and put to death. Simon Abingdon, shrive. john Preston. shrive. Hamond Chickwell pepperer Mayor. Thomas Earl of Lancaster, with many Earls and Barons, came to Sherborn, and from thence with banners displayed to S. 1320 The Barons in armour, An, reg, 14. Spencer banished. Alban's, from thence they sent to the King being at London, requiring him to banish the two Hugh Spencer's. At length the King granted to their petition, so that Hugh Spencer the elder was banished, but the younger Hugh could not be taken. Reginald at Conduit, Shrive. William Prodom, Shrive. Nicholas Farendon Goldsmith Maior. jews and lepers. Poisoned waters. Certain lepers who had covenanted with the jews to poison all the Christians in Europe, laid poison in jewels, springs and pits: for the which many were burnt. 1321 Mortimer sent to the Tower. Roger Mortimer, the Earls of Richmond and Arundel, submitting themselves to the King, were sent to the Tower of London. After this, when the King's Army, and the Army of the Barons met near unto Burton upon Trent, Thomas Earl of Lancaster beheaded. An, reg, 15 the Earl of Lancaster fled, and the King pursuing them to Burbrige, Thomas Earl of Lancaster was taken and beheaded at Pomfret. Richard Constantine, Shrive. Richard Harkeny, Shrive. Hamond Chickwell pepperer Mayor. Andrew Harkeley Earl of Carlisle was charged with treason for making peace with the Scots, 1322 An, reg, 16. for which he was sent to York, hanged, headed, and quartered. john Grantham, Shrive. Richard of Ely, Shrive. Hamond Chickewell pepperer Mayor. 1323 An. reg. 17. Roger Mortimer Lord of Wigmore gave his keepers a sleepy drink, escaped through all the watches of the Tower, and passed into France. Adam of Sarisbury, Shrive. john of Oxford, Shrive. Nicholas Farendon Goldsmith Maior. 1324 An, reg, 18 The Queen sent into 〈◊〉. King Edward sent the Queen his wife unto her brother the French King to establish the peace, who went over with a small company▪ by her mediation a peace was fully finished, whereupon Edward the King's son went over. Bennet of Fulsham, Shrive. john Cawson, Shrive. Hamond Chickwell pepperer Mayor. Whiles the Queen with her son remained in France longer than the King's pleasure was, 〈◊〉. reg, 19 & would not come again without Roger Mortimer and other Noble men that were fled out of England: the King banished them both, and all o●●●r that took their parts. Gilbert Morden, shrive. john Cotten, shrive. 1326 An, reg. 20. Qu. Isabella returned. Richard Britain Goldsmith Maior. Isabella the Queen, with her son Edward, Edmond of Woodstooke the King's brother, Roger Mortimer, and many other Noble men that were fled out of England, arrived at Orwell besides Harwich in Essex: immediately the Earl Martial, the Earl of Leicester, the Bishops of Lincoln, Hereford, Divelin, and Ely, being joined to the Queen, made a great army. The Citizens of London beheaded such as they took to be the queens enemies, they took also Walter Stapleton Bishop of Exeter, and beheaded him and two of his servants, Bishop of Excester beheaded. because he gathered a great army to withstand the Queen. Richard Rothing, shrive. Roger Chanticle, shrive. Richard Britain Goldsmith Maior. This Richard Rothing Sheriff, builded 〈◊〉 Parish Church of Saint james at Garlic 〈◊〉 in London, S. james. The Queen besieged Bristol. Spencer the elder executed. The King taken. The Queen besieged Bristol, wh●● was seen rendered, and the morrow after her c●●ming, Hugh Spencer the elder was drawn 〈◊〉 hanged. The King, Hugh Spencer the younger and Robert Baldock, determined to fly into 〈◊〉 Isle of Lombardy, but being in great danger 〈◊〉 the sea, at last arrived in Wales, where they 〈◊〉 taken, the King was committed to Henry 〈◊〉 of Lancaster his kinsman. Spencer the younger executed. Hugh Spencer was condemned at Herefor● where he was drawn, hanged, headed, and quartered. Simon Reading was drawn and hanged. Robert Baldock died in Newgate. The Queen with her son Edward, K. Edward the second deposed. Roger Mortimer and other, went to Wallingford Castle, and before the twelfth day came to London, where they were joyfully received. On the morrow after they held a Parliament, where by common decree, they deposed the King, and elected Edward his eldest son. He was thus deposed, when he had reigned nineteen years six months and odd days. Edward the third. EDward the third, about the age of fourteen years, An, reg, 1. began his reign the twenty five of january, in the year of our Lord. 1326. In feats of Arms, he was very expert. At the beginning of his reign he was chiefly ordered by his Mother Isabella. The inhabitants of the Town of Bury besieged the Abbey, burned the gates, The Abbey of Bury spoiled. 1327 wounded the Monks, bore out all the gold and silver, ornaments, books, charters, the assay to their coin, stamps, and all other things, appertaining to their mint, etc. Liberty's confirmed. The King confirmed the liberties of the City of London. The 22. of September at night King Edward the second was cruelly murdered in the Castle o● Barkeley, by the practice of the Queen his wife the Lord Mortimer, and the Bishop of Herefor● He was buried at Gloucester. Henry Darcy, Shrive. john Hauten, Shrive. Hamond Chickwell Grocer Mayor. An, reg. 2 1328 Peace was made betwixt the Englishmen and Scots, Peace with the Scots. 1329 so that David the son of Robert Brce married joan of the Tower King Edward's sister▪ By procurement of the old Queen, and Roge● Mortimer, Edmond of Woodstock, Earl of Kent the King's Uncle, was beheaded at Winchester. Richard Laz●r. Shrive. Henry guysor's, Shrive. An, reg, 3 R. Mortimer executed. An, reg, 4 john Stanland Maior. Roger Mortimer was taken by William M●●tacute, and sent to London, where he was condemned and hanged. 1330 Black Prince borne. The 15. day of june was borne Edward 〈◊〉 black Prince. Robert of Ely, Shrive. Thomas Whoorwood, Shrive. Sir john Pultney Draper Maior. S. Laurence Poultney. An, reg, 5. 1331 This Sir john Pultney builded the College 〈◊〉 London, called Saint Laurence Pultney, and ●●tle Alhalowes a Parish Church in Tha●● street, and also the Carmelite Friars Church 〈◊〉 Coventry. john Motking, Shrive. Andrew Aubury, Shrive. Sir john Pultney Draper Maior. Henry Earl of Lancaster, and of Leicester, Hospital of Leicester. An, reg, 6. 1332 founded the new Hospital by the Castle of Leicester, wherein were an hundred poor impotent persons. The King of England with force came before Berwicke, where they that kept the Castle and Town used many deceitful treaties. Nicholas Pike, Shrive. john Husband, Shrive. john Preston Draper Maior. The Scots came with great multitudes, An, reg, 7. 1333 Battle at Holidowne minding to dissolve the siege of Berwicke, whom the King courageously met, and slew of them eight Earls, 1300. horsemen, and of the common soldiers, 35000. near unto Halidon. The townsemen of Berwicke yielded to the King of England, both the castle & the town, King Edward won Berwicke. who placing garrisons there, he sent Edward Balliol and other Nobles to keep the Realm of Scotland. john Haman, Shrive. William Hansard, Shrive. Sir john Pultney Draper Maior. Edward Balliol king of Scots did homage to king Edward at ●ew Castle upon Tyne, An. reg. 8. 1334 K. of Scots did homage and shortly after he received homage of the Duke of Britain or his Earldom of Richmond. john Kingston, Shrive. Walter Turk, Shrive. Reginald at Conduit Vintner, Mayor. An, reg, 6. 1335 Part of the University of Oxford went t● Stamford, because of a variance that fell between the Northern and Southern Scholars. Great waters. The Sea banks broke in through all England▪ but specially in the Thames, so that all the cas● and beasts near thereunto were drowned. Walter Morden, Shrive. Richard Vpton, Shrive. Richard Wotton Maior. King Edward made his eldest son Ed●● Earl of Chester, An, reg, 10 1336 A Duke & six Earls created. and Duke of Cornwall. It was enacted that no wool should be conuai● out of the Realm. john Clarke, shrive. William Curtis, shrive. Sir john Pultney Draper Maior. 1337 The Town of Southampton was burnt 〈◊〉 the French Kings Galleys. Privilege to Cloath-makers. It was enacted that whatsoever Clothwor● of Flanders, or of other countries would d●● and inhabit in England, should come quietly 〈◊〉 the most convenient places should be asigned 〈◊〉 them with great liberties and privileges. Admirable pestilence at Avignon in France. A warning to all cities & nations. Shepherds and herdsmen died in the fields, so as there was none to say these sheep or kine are mine. This year 1338. as saith the French Chro●●●cle, there happened in Avignon so strange & te●ble mortality, that brooks & rivers were red 〈◊〉 blood. And that from the graves and sepulch●● of the dead there issued streams of blood. 〈◊〉 unheard of mortality, was foretold the Fren● by father Robert a jacobin Friar, who hear● bewailed the sins and wickedness of this C●●ty and other places, for the which he often pr●thed unto them that God would surely visit them unless they speedily repent: but they obeyed not his doctrine. This sickness continued a long time, and dispersed into Germany, and other nations many a year after. Also it was enacted that none should wear any cloth made without the realm, the K. the Queen, and their children only excepted. The king caused to confiscate all the goods of the Lumbards', Goods of Monks confiscate. and also all the Monks of the order of Clume and Citiaux, through the whole Realm. Walter Beale, shrive. Nicholas Craine, shrive. Henry Darcy Maior. King Edward with Queen Philip his wife, An, reg, 1● 1338 Arms of England & Farnce joined. and a great army, passed the Seas into Flanders and so to Colleine, where he made friendship with the Emperor, and was made his vicegerent. He quartered the arms of England and France. William of Pomfret, Shrive. Hugh Marberell, Shrive. Henry Darcy Maior. A sudden inundation of water at New Castle ●pon Tine, An, reg, 13 1339 New Castle drowned. bore down a piece of the Town ●all, where an hundred and twenty men and wo●en were drowned. The King appointed himself to be called King of England and of France. William Thorney, Shrive. Roger Fresham, Shrive. Andrew Aubery Grocer Maior. The King gathered a Navy of two hundred, An, reg, 14. and sailed towards Flanders, 1340 Battle on the sea. where he fought with the enemies a most cruel battle by sea, in the which the Frenchmen were overcome, and slain of them 30000. men. There was ta●en 200 ships and the rest fled. By the assistance of the Duke of Brabant and the Earl of Hainalt, with them of Gaunt and Cypress, he entered the North parts of France, and besieged the City of Turney. In the mean season the Earl of Henalt. Sir Walter many and Reignold Cobham, burned 300. towns great and small, taking preys. Adam Lucas, Shrive. Bartholomew Maris, Shrive. An, reg. 15. 1341 Andrew Aubury Grocer, Mayor. Two Cardinals were sent from the Pope, who demanded a truce for three years betwixt the two Kings, in which space the title that the King of England pretended, might be discussed. Richard of Barking, shrive. john of Rokesley, shrive. john of Oxford Vintner Mayor. An, reg, 16. 2342 King Edward sailed over into Britain, when he took divers castles and other strong holds that resisted him. After this he besieged Vannes, and though Philip de Valois came down with a great multitude of people, yet a truce was taken and Vannes remained to the King of England. An, reg, 17. 1343 Florence's of gold. john Loukin, Shrive. Richard Keslinbury, Shrive. Simon Frances Mercer, Maior. King Edward commanded florences of Gold to be made the penny of the value of vi. s. viii. pence, the halfpenny and farthing after the rate. William Montacute Earl of Salisbury conquered the Isle of Man from the Scots, K. of Man which Isle Edward the third gave the same Earl, and caused him to be crowned King of man.. john Steward, shrive. john Alisham, shrive. john Hamond Maior. King Edward held a solemn feast at his Castle at Windsor, Order of the Garter. 1344 Chapel at windsor 24 poor Knights. where he established the most honourable order of the Garter, to the number of 26. Knights, which were chosen of the most noble and valiant persons of this Realm. He also augmented the cappel, which his progenitors Kings of England had before erected, with 8. Canons in the Castle of Windsor, adding a Dean and 15. Canons more, & 24. poor knights, with other Ministers. Geoffrey Wickingham, shrive. Thomas Leg, shrive. john Hamond Maior. The Scots to the number of 30000. An, reg, 19 1345 Scots invaded Westmoreland. William Dowglas being their leader, entered into Westmoreland, and burned Carlisle and Penreth, with many other towns, wherefore the Bishop of Carlisle, with Thomas Lucy, Robert Ogle, and a great number compassed them in the night season, and with lights and noises so disquieted them, that they neither durst go out for victuals, nor give their bodies to sleep, but at the last Alexander Stragon stoutly prepared to go out for victuals, Scots overcome. whom the Bishop and Robert Ogle met, and with a spear thrust him through the body, so that the Scots were overcome and slain. Edmond Hemenball, shrive. john of Gloucester, shrive. Richard Leger Maior. An, reg, 16 1346 K. Edward sailed into France. K. Edward besieged Calais, Scots invaded Northumberland. King Edward took shipping, and arrived at Hogs in Normandy, from thence he went to Caen, in which journey he burned the ships, in all the havens round about, he spoilt Caen to the bare walls, and took many prisoners. He besieged Calais. David le Bruce with all his power entered the borders of Northumberland, came to Bear Park by Nevels cross nigh Durham, spoiling and killing all that met them: then William Souch Archbishop of York, the Lords Percy, M●nbray, Ralph Nevell, gave them a sharp battle wherein the Englishmen had the victory, the Scots put to slight. The King of Scots taken. In the chase were taken David le Bruce the Earls of Meney, of Stradermes, of Fife, with others. john Croyden, Shrive. William Clopton, Shrive. Geoffrey Witchingham, Maior. An, reg, 11. 1347 Calais won When King Edward had long time besieged Calais, the French King came to break the siege: but when he saw he could not fulfil his desire, he set fire in the tents, and went his way: which when the men of Calais perceived, they yielded the town and Castle. The misfortune of one Emperor & four Kings with other things worthy memory. This year 1347. Lewis the fourth Emperor of that name fell from his horse and died thereof. And in the year 1390. john King of Spain, as he was hunting a hart, fell from his horse & broke his neck. In the year 1395. in divers parts were seen one great star, and five little stars which seemed to fight with the great star, and to pursue it by the space of an hour, and after that there were divers voices heard in the air like cries, and after that a man was seen in the air like copper, holding a lance in his hand, and he threw fire after the star, and suddenly all these sights vanished: In some places there were heard loud voices and great sounds of men fight, and rattling of Armour, wherewith the people were much astonished. These prodigies came before a great battle which was fought this year in Hungary, where the Hungarians at this time had the victory, & slew of their enemies the Saracens almost an hundred thousand: but the next year following, the Turks & Saracens had a mighty victory upon Sigismond King of Hungary, and upon the rest of the Christian army. Which discomfiture of the Christians, the French Chronicles very honestly records to be long of the proud disordered Princes and Gentry of France, who obstinately inclined more to their several losses and riotous desires, then to their obedience in this special service of God. It happened this year also, being the year 1396. that the King of Arragon riding after a Hart, fell from his horse & broke his neck, and not long after this King Richard came to untimely death. And in the 400. the Duke of Brunswick was murdered by a Knight. And this year in france there were hailstones as big as goose eggs. Strange hail. The University of jypsicke founded. K. Edward chosen Emperor. About this time was that University of Lypsicke founded. K. Edward was by the Prince's Electors chosen Emperor: but he refusing it, attended the wars in France. Adam Broson, Shrive. Richard Bas, Shrive. Thomas Leggy skinner Maior. Gualther Many founded the Charterhouse besides London near to Smithfield, and was there buried. An, reg, 22. 1348 An, reg, 22 Charterhouse Church-yard. Great pestilence. The pestilence began in England about Lammas, so that very many that were whole in the morning, died before noon. In one day there was 20.40.60. and many times more dead bodies buried in one pit. About the feast of all Saints it came to London, and increased so much, that from Candlemas until Easter, in the Charterhouse Churchyard near unto Smithfield, more than 200. dead corpse (besides the bodies that were buried in other Churchyards) where there every day buried. Henry Pichard, Shrive. Simon Dolseby, Shrive. john Loukin Fishmonger, Mayor. An, reg. 23. 1349 A bloody procession. More than 120. persons of Zealand and Holland, coming out of Flanders to London, sometime in the Church of S. Paul, sometime in oth●● places of the City, twice in the day, in the sight of the people, from the loins to the heels covered with linen cloth, every one in their hand a whip with three cords, beat themselves on their bodies going in procession, 4. of them singing in their own language, all the other answering them. Adam of Bury, Shrive. Ralph of Linne, Shrive. Walter Turk Fishmonger, Mayor. In Oxfordshire near to Chippingnorton, An, reg, 24 A serpent with two heads. 1350 Battle on the sea. was found a Serpent having two heads and two faces like women, one face attired of the new fashion of women's attire, the other face like the old array and had wings like a bat. King Edward met the Spaniards upon the Sea by Winchelsea & Romney, and slew them, and took 26. great ships. john Notte, Shrive. William Worcester, Shrive. Richard Killingbury Maior. An, reg, 25. Groats and half groats A new coin called a groat, and half groat, were coined, but these were of less weight than the Easterlings, by reason whereof victuals and merchandise became the dearer. john Wroth, Shrive. Gilbert Stinesthorpe, Shrive. Andrew Aubery Grocer Maior. An, reg, 26. 1351 The Castle of Guines was yielded to the Englishmen dwelling in Calais. john Peach, Shrive. john Stotley, Shrive. Adam Frances Maior. King Edward altered the Chapel, An. reg. 27. S. Stephens at Westminster. 1353 Dry summer. which his progenitors before time had founded, of S. Stephens at Westminster, into a College of xii. secular Canons, xii. vicar's, & other ministers accordingly. This summer was called the dry summer. William Would, Shrive. john Little, Shrive. Adam Frances Mercer, Maior. An, reg, 28 1354 The staple of wool was removed from Flanders, and established sundry places of England: Wool-staple. Westminster. to wit, at Westminster, Canterbury, Chichester, Bristol, Lincoln, and Hull. William Totingham, shrive. Richard Smelled, shrive. Thomas Leggy Skinner Maior. An, reg, 29. 1355 Dissension at Oxford. A great dissension fell in Oxford between a scholar & a vintner for a quart of wine, so that the scholar powered the wine upon the vintners head, and broke his head with the pot, by reason whereof a great conflict was made between the scholars and the Lay people of the Town. Walter Frost, shrive. Thomas Brandon, shrive. Simon Frances Mercer Maior. An, reg, 30. 1356 Edward Prince of Wales, nigh to the City of Poitiers, joined battle with K. john of France, of whom the Prince by his martial policy won a noble victory. French king taken, In this conflict King john was taken, with his young son and many of his Nobles. Richard Nottingham, shrive. Thomas Dolsel, shrive. Henry Pichard Vintner Mayor. This Henry Pichard Vintner, Mayor of London in one day sumptuously feasted Edward King of England, john king of France, the King of Cypress, then arrived in England, David King of Scots, Edward Prince of Wales, with many other Noble men, An, reg, 31 1357 etc. The King taking his journey towards Scotland, besieged Berwick, which was shortly rendered unto him. Edward Prince of Wales returned into England with john King of France, justs in Smithfield. and Philip his son. Royal justs were holden in Smithfield before the Kings of England, France and Scotland. Stephen Candish, Shrive. Bartholomew Frostling, Shrive. Sir john Stodie Vintner Maior. This Sir john Stody gave unto the Vintners of London, Alms houses. all the quadrant wherein the Vintner's hall now standeth, with the tenements round about, where he founded 13. houses for 13. poor people, which are there kept of charity rent-free. David le Bruce King of Scots was delivered from the long imprisonment he had been in, K. of Scots released. An, reg, 32 1358 his ransom being set at 100000. marks to be paaid the next 10. years following. john Barnes, Shrive. john Buris, Shrive. john Loukin Stock fishmonger Maior. King Edward with a Navy of ships passed the sea to Calais, & so into Burgundy. An, reg, 33 K. Edward invaded Burgundy. 1359 In the mean season the Normans with a small Navy arrived at Winchelsea, & partly burned the town, & slew such as did withstand them, wherefore the Prelates of England assembled in armour: Frenchmen arrived at Winchelsea. An, reg, 34 1360 but the french were gone. Simond of Benington, shrive. john Chichester, shrive. Simon Dolfeby Grocer Maior. A final peace was concluded, Peace with France Frenchking released. King Edward came into England, and strait to the Tower to see the French King, where he appointed his ransom to be three millions of Florence's, and so delivered him out of all imprisonment. john Penis, Shrive. Walter Berney, Shrive. john Wroth Fishmonger Mayor. An, reg. 35. 1362 Men and beasts perished in England in divers places with thunder and lightning. Friends were seen, and spoke unto men as they traveled. William Holbech, shrive. james Tame, shrive. john Peach Fishmonger Maior. Second mortality, An, reg, 36. Subsidy of wool. A great death & pestilence in England in which died Henry Duke of Lancaster, who was buried at Leicester. King Edward commanded all Pleas to be made in English, and not in French. 1363 An, reg, 37. This time was granted to the K. for 3. years 26. shillings 8. pence of every sack of wool. john of S. Albon, Shrive. james Andrew, Shrive. Stephen Candish Draper Maior. Great wind A great wind in England overturned many stéeples and towns. The French King, the King of Cypress, and the king of Scotland came all into England, to speak with King Edward, who received them with great honour, and gave them great gifts. ●reat frost. An, reg, 38 1364 A frost in England lasted from the mids of September to the month of April. Richard Croyden, Shrive. john Hiltofte, Shrive. john Notte Pepperer Mayor. The French King dieth. The ix. day of April, died john King of France at the Savoy beside Westminster, his corpse was honourably conveyed to Saint Denis in France. john de Mitford, Shrive. Simon de Mordon, Shrive. Adam of Bury Skinner, Maior. Ingram Lord of Cowsey, An, reg, 39 1365 married Lady Isabella the King's daughter. john Buckleworth Shrive. Thomas Ireland. Shrive. john Loukin Fishmonger, Mayor. The King commanded that peterpence should no more be paid to Rome. An, reg, 40. Peter pence forbid. 1366 The 3. day of April was borne at Bordeaux, Richard son to Edward the black Prince, who was after King of England. john Ward, Shrive. Thomas Attalie, Shrive. john Loukin Fishmonger, Mayor. This john Loukin stockfishmonger, four times Mayor of London, builded a chapel called Magdalen's at Kingston upon Thames, An hospital at Kingston to the which he joined an hospital, wherein was a master, two Priests, and certain poor men: he builded the parish Church of S. Michael in crooked lane. Edward Prince of Wales taking compassion upon Peter K. of Spain, An, reg, 41. The bastard brother disheriteth the lawful. 1367 who was driven out of his Kingdom by Henry his bastard brother, entered Spain with a great puissance, and in a battle at Nazers, put to flight the foresaid bastard, he restored the foresaid Peter to his former dignity: but not long after, Henry the bastard, whiles K. Peter sat at a table, suddenly thrust him through with a spear. Robert Girdler, Shrive. Adam Wimondhom, Shrive. Simon Mordin stock fishmonger, Mayor. An, reg, 43. Third pestilence. Dearth of torn. 1396 The third pestilence was this year, a bushel of wheat at London sold for 2. s. 6. d. john Piel, Shrive. Hugh Holditch, Shrive. john Chichester Goldsmith Maior. A great part of Gascoine fell from the Prince because of the exactions he laid upon them: also sickness increasing upon him, he returned into England. William Walworth, shrive. Robert Gayron, shrive. A chest with three locks, and money to be lent. An, reg, 45. Great subsidy. john Barnes Mercer Maior. This john Barnes gave a chest with 3. locks, & 1000 Marks to be lent to young men upon sufficient gage. The King demanded of the Clergy and commonalty a subsidy of 10000 pounds. The Bishops were removed from the Chancellor, treasurer, & privy scale, & Lay men put in their stead. Robert Hatfield, Shrive. Adam Staple, Shrive. john Barnes Mercer Maior. An, reg, 46 1372 The Frenchmen besieged Rochel, to the removing whereof was sent the Earl of Pembroke, with a number of men of arms: upon whom fell the Spanish Navy, who slew and took the Englishmen, and burned their Navy: the Earl and many Noble men were carried into Spain. john Philpots', shrive. Nicholas Brember, shrive. john Piel Mercer Maior. An, reg, 17. 1374 john Duke of Lancaster, entered France with a strong power, & passed through the realm without battle: but in the deserts and mountains of Aluerne, for lack of victuals, many of his army died. john Awbry, shrive. john Fished, shrive. Adam of Bury Skinner, Maior. An. reg. 48. 1374 This year 1374. died the most famous & learned Poet Francis Petrarch, borne in Tuscany: he was of singular judgement in all acts & sciences, a great Philosopher, and an excellent Poet & Orator: he was very religious and virtuous: he despised the world's vainglory: Petrarch & Boccace. he died in his hermitage near Pavia. And about the same time died the renowned john Boccace. This Boccace was a famous Poet borne in Florence: he wrote many excellent eloquent histories in divers languages. john Duke of Lancaster, with Simon de Sudbury, and other, assembled at Brudges to treat of peace, between the realms of England & France. This treaty continued almost two years, and ended without conclusion of peace. Richard Lions, Shrive. William Woodhouse, Shrive. William Walworth Fishmonger Mayor. An, reg, 49. 1375 john hasting Earl of Pembroke coming into England, after he had ransomed himself for a great mass of money which he never paid, died. john Hadle, Shrives'. An, reg, 50 1376 Adam Bury late Mayor, Richard Lions late shrive goldsmith. William Newport, Shrive. john Ware Grocer Maior. Richard Lions, & Adam of Bury citizens of London, were accused by the Commoners, of divers frauds & deceits which they had done to the King. Richard Lions for money did wisely compound and escaped, the other conveyed himself into Flanders Prince Edward departed out of this life, & was buried at Canterbury, Black Prince deceased. and then king Edward created Richard son of Prince Edward Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall, & Prince of Wales, and because the King waxed feeble and sickly, he betook the rule of the land to john of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. john Northampton, shrive. Robert Land, shrive. Adam Staple Mercer, Maior. An, reg, 51 1377 K. Edward deceased, New Abbey King Edward ended his life at his manor of Shene, the 21. day of june, in the year 1377. when he had reigned 50. years, 4. months, & odd days, whose body was buried at Westminster. He builded the Abbey of our Lady of Grace by the Tower of London. He newly builded Saint Stephen's Chapel at Westminster, the Castle of Windsor, and the Nunnery of Detford. King Richard of Bordeaux. An, reg, 1. RIchard the second, the son of Prince Edward, being but 11. years old, began his reign the 21. of june, in the year of our Lord 1377. In bounty and liberality he far passed all his progenitors: but for that he was young, was most ruled by young counsel, and regarded nothing the counsels of the sage and wise men of the Realm, which thing turned this land to great trouble, and himself to extreme misery. The Frenchmen arrived at Rye, The town of Rye spoiled. spoiled the town, and burned it. Not long after they assailed Winchelsea, & were expulsed: but they burned the town of Hastings. Andrew Pickman, Shrive. Nicholas Twyford, Shrive. Sir Nicholas Brember Grocer Maior. The Frenchmen arrived at Southsex, 1378 The Prior of Lewis taken by Frenchmen near the town of Rothington, where the Prior of Lewes with a small company met them, who with two knights, and an Esquire were taken prisoners by them. john Bosehame, Shrive. Thomas Cornwalis, Shrive. jir john Philpot Grocer Mayor. This john Philpot gave to the same City, john Philpot his charity. certain tenements, for the which the Chamberlain payeth yearly to xiii. poor people, every one of them xii. d. the week for ever, and as any of those xiii. persons dieth, the Mayor appointeth one, and the Recorder another. 1379 john Halysdon, Shrives'. 2380 An, reg, 4 Winchelsea taken. William Barret, Shrive. john Hodsey Grocer Mayor. The French Kings Galleys took the town of Winchelsea, put the Abbot of Battle to flight, and took one of his Monks. Walter Ducket, Shrive. William Knighthood, Shrive. William Walworth Fishmonger, Mayor. This William Walworth increased the Parish Church of S. Michael in Crooked lane Eastward, with a new Choir, and side Chapels, etc. About this time the making of guns was found by a certain Almain. 1318 Great tax, Commons rebelled, Rebels entered London, Savoy, S john's, Highbury burnt. Archbishop of Canterbury, the Prior of S. john's and a Friar beheaded. Flemings beheaded. Essex men pacified. The King sen● to Wat Tiler. An exceeding great tax was demanded, every person 4. d. by means whereof the Commons in Kent & Essex rebelled, drew together, & went to Maidston: from thence to black Heath, & so to London, and entered the city, where they destroyed many goodly places, as the Savoy, S. john's by Smithfield, the manor of Highbury. They set out of the Tower of London Simon Sudbury, Robert halls Prior of S. john's. William Appleton a friar Minor, and beheaded them on Tower-hill. They beheaded all men of Law, and Flemings, they spoilt all books of Law, records, & monuments they could meet with, and set all prisoners at liberty. The king offered them peace, on condition they would cease from burning of houses, & slaughter of men, which the Essex men took, & returned home: but the Kentish men remained burning, as afore. Whereupon the K. sent Sir john Newton Knight, to Wat Tiler their Captain, to entreat him to come and talk with him. The Knight doing his message Wat Tiler answered, that he would come at his own pleasure, nevertheless he followed softly, and when he came near Smithfield, where the K. abode his coming, the K. commanded W. Walworth Mayor of London, to arrest the rebel, which Mayor, being a man of great boldness, strait way arrested him on the head, in such sort that he astonished him, & forthwith they which attended on the King, thrust him in divers places of his body: which when the commons perceived, they cried out, Wat Tiler arrested and slain. that their captain was traitorously slain: but the King road unto them, and said: What mean you? I will be your Captain, follow me to have what you will require. In the mean time the Mayor road into the city, raised the Citizens, and shortly returned with a thousand well armed men, sir Robert Knoles a Citizen of London being their leader. The Citizens of London delivered the King. The king rejoicing for this unlooked for aid, suddenly compassed the commons with fight men, which commons forthwith throwing down their weapons, humbly craved pardon: which was granted, & charters to be delivered to the captains of every shire, who then departed home. The rude multitude being thus dispersed, the king made the Mayor and five Aldermen of London Knights for their good service. The Kentish men pacified. jack Straw being taken, confessed all the conspiracy, and lost his head at London. john Moor, Shrive. john Hind, Shrive. john Northampton Draper, Maior. King Richard married Anne, daughter of Veselaus King of Bohem. In her days began the use of piked shoes, 1388 Picked shoes, high heads, and long tailed gowns, which women riding aside used in England by customs tied in their knees with chains of silver and gilt. Also noble women used hi●h attires on their heads, piked like bornes, with long trained gowns and side saddles, after the example of the said Queen, who first brought that fashion into this land, for before women road astride like men. The Merchants of England granted to the King a custom of wools, for four years. Earthquake A general earthquake the 21. of May, & a water shaking, that made the ships in the haven to totter. john Bal. john wraw An, reg, 6. john Bal was brought to S. Alban's, and there drawn and quartered. john Wraw Captain of the rebels in Suffolk, he was taken, drawn and hanged. Adam Bawne, Shrive. john Selyt, Shrive. john Northampton Draper Maior. A counterfeit physician punished. A crafty deceiver that took upon him to be skilful in Physic & Astronomy, when his presumptuous lyings could no longer be faced out, was taken, set on horseback, with his face towards the horse tail, and so led about the city, with a collar of jordans, and a whetstone about his neck, and rung out with basins. Stir against fishmongers. An, reg, 7. 1383 The Fishmongers in London, through the council of john Northampton, than Mayor, William Essex, john Moor, and Richard Northbury, were greatly troubled, hindered of their liberties, and almost destroyed. Simon Winchcome, Shrive. john Moor, Shrive. Sir Nicholas Brember Grocer, Mayor. john Northampton late Mayor of London, with john Moor, 1384 john Northampton condemned. An. reg. 8. Richard Norbury, and other, were convict at Reading, condemned to perpetual prison, and their goods confiscate, for certain congregations by them made among the Fishmongers. Nicholas Exton, Shrive. john French, Shrive. Sir Nicholas Brember Grocer Maior. King Richard with an army entered Scotland, 1385 The King entered. An, reg, 9 Earthquake burned the country, and returned. The 18. of july was an Earthquake. john Organ, shrive. john Churchman, shrive. Sir Nicholas Brember Grocer, Mayor. This Nicholas Brember caused a pair of stocks to be placed in every ward of London, and a common Are to be made therewith to behead such as offended. The Duke of Lancaster went with a great army into Spain, 1386 An, reg, 10. to claim the Kingdom of Castille which was due to him in the right of his wife Constance, daughter to Peter King of Castille. William Stondon, Shrive. William Moor, Shrive. Nicholas Exton Fishmonger, Mayor. Richard Earl of Arundel, 1387 Rochel wine taken An, reg, 11. and Thomas Earl of Nottingham, encountered with a mighty fleet of Flemings, laden with Rochel wine, & took 100 ships & more, the which contained 19000. tuns of wine, which they brought to divers parts of England, whereby wine was then sold for 13. s. four pence the tun. William Venour, shrive. Hugh Forstalfe, shrive. Nicholas Exton Fishmonger Maior. The nobles rise against the King. Thomas Duke of Gloucester the Earls of Arundel, Warwick Derby, & Nottingham, considering how this land was misgoverned by a few persons about the K. intending reformation of the same, assembled at Radcote Bridge with a power of forty thousand, came to London, and pitched in the fields near to the tower, where the King kept his Christmas. 1388 Shortly after they caused the King to call a parliament, whereof hearing Alexander Nevell, Archbishop of York, Robert Ver Duke of Ireland, and Michael de la Poole Earl of Suffolk, fled the land, & died in strange countries. The king by the counsel of the above named Lords, caused to be taken, Sir Robert Tresilian chief justice of England, sir Nicholas Brember, late Mayor of London, sir john Salisbury knight, sir john Beauchamp, sir Simon Burghley, sir james Barnes knight, & john Vske, a Sergeant at Arms, which by the authority of the said Parliament, were convict of treason, and put to death, Robert Belknap, john holt, john Locton, Richard Grace, William Burgh, and Robert Fulthrope justices, with the Lords which before had voided the land, were banished for ever. Thomas Austen shrive. Adam Carlohul, shrive. Nicholas Twyford Goldsmith Maior. 1389 Statutes made of the Staple to be brought from Middleborow to Calais. john Walcot, Shrive. john Lovely, Shrive. William Venour Grocer Mayor. 1390 Variance at Oxford. An, reg, 14 In Oxford the Welsh and Southern scholars assailed the Northern, whereby many murders were done on each side. john Francis, shrive. Thomas Vivent, shrive. Adam Bawne Goldsmith Maior. This Adam Bawne, provided that from parts beyond the seas, was corn brought to London plentifully: to the furtherance of which good work, the Mayor and Citizens took out of the Orphan's chest in their guildhall, 2000 marks to buy corn, and the Aldermen laid out each of them 20. pound to the like purpose. The good man of the Cock in Cheap at the little conduit, 1391 An, reg, 14 A Brewer at the cock in Cheap murdered. was murdered in the night time by a thief that came in at a gutter window, as it was known long after by the same thief, when he was at the Gallows to be hanged for felony: but his wife was burnt therefore, and three of his men drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged wrongfully. john Chadworth, Shrive. Henry Venor, Shrive. john Hind Draper, Maior. Upon Christmas day a Dolphin came up the river of Thames to London bridge foreshowing the tempests that followed shortly after, A Dolphin came up to London. or else the disturbance of the Citizens, which through the Kings displeasure they came into: because the Londoners had denied the lending of 1000 1392 Liberties of London seized. An, reg, 16 pound which the king demanded of them. He caused the Mayor, Shrives', & Aldermen to be summoned to a Counsel at Nottingham, & there imprisoned them, disannulling all their liberties, and made sir Edward Dalengrige Warden of London. Gilbert Maghfield, Shrive. Thomas Newington, Shrive. William Stondon Grocer Mayor. When the King saw the Londoners sore repent their trespasses, The King came to London. he came to London, where the citizens received him with so great glory, as might have seemed to receive an Emperor in his triumph, & with such gifts did honour him, that the worth thereof could not be esteemed. By this means the King became more tractable to grant them their liberties, and then the King's Bench from York, 1363 An. reg. 17. and the Chancery from Nottingh●● were returned to London. Drew Barentine, shrive. Richard Whiting●on, shrive. john Hatley Grocer Mayor. 1394 An, reg, 18 Qéene Anne died at Shene in Southery, and was buried at Westminster. William Brumstone, Shrive. Thomas Knowles, Shrive. john Froshie Mercer Maior. 1395 An, reg, 19·S King Richard made a chargeable voyage into Ireland, which came to small effect. Roger Ellis, Shrive. William Skirrington, Shrive. William Moor Vintner Mayor. 1396 An, reg, 20. The Kings of England and of France met besides Calais, and there concluded a peace. King Richard took to his wife Isabella daughter to the French King. Thomas Wilford, Shrive. Tamburlaine taketh Bajazeth, & rescueth Constantinople. William Parker, Shrive. Adam Bawne Goldsmith, and Richard Whittington Mercer, majors. This year 1397. Tamburlaine being Lord of a a certain waist country, and rude people in the East, who not long before had assembled great numbers of strangers unto his aid, & overthrown the Persians, understanding that Bajazeth the Turkish Emperor had won divers kingdoms and many strong Cities from the Christians, as also discomfited the Christian Imperial army which consisted of Greeks, Italians, Germans, Hungarions, Seruians, Myssians, Frenchmen, and others: and that he still persisted in extreme pride of his invincible strength & fortune, with a mighty host had besieged Constantinople eight years, being fully persuaded that there was no power upon earth, that could redeem the City out of his hands, because he knew the Princes of Christendom to be at dissension among themselves. And thereupon secured himself, that if Europe could not prevail against him, there was no other power that durst encounter him. And whilst he thus thought, the said Tamburlaine the year alone written, came upon him with a very mighty host, & in a set battle upon Mount Stella, where Pompey fought with Mithridates, he overcame this Bajazeth, being the fourth of that name, flew two hundred thousand Turks, took him prisoner, put him in an iron cage, and so carried him in triumph from place to place. This Bajazeth was crowned in the year 1373. Amurah the second was crowned 1414. he was the first that ordained the Imperial Band or guard of renegade Christians commonly called janezaries. And in the year 1447. Constantine the 7. was crowned Emperor of Constantinople, The City of Constantinople received that name of the Emperor Constantine the Great, he was crowned in the year of the world 4271 and in the year of our redemption 309 he reigned Emperor 31. years, and died at 66. years of age, but the City of Constantinople was of old time called Byzantium & beareth for Arms in their Scutcheon, a cross between 4. letters of B. signifying Byzantium the ancient name of that City. being before that, K. of Morea: he was surnamed the Dragon for his cruelty which he exercised upon the Turks, for revenge whereof, & other ancient grudges, Mahomet son of Amurat the 2. in the year 1452. after he had done great spoils and damage upon Gréece, he also conquered their chief City Constantinople, & took Constantine the Christian Emperor prisoner, then commanded his head to be cut-off, and with great derision caused his head to be shown throughout all the Turkish camp. And among other things of worthy note and observation you shall understand: that whereas the famous City Constantinople was at first dignified, re-edified, enriched & advanced by a Constantine, whose mother's name was S. Helen, the same City was lost, & subjugated unto Turkish slavery by a Constantine, whose mother's name was likewise Helen. This Mahomet was the second of that name, and the eight in rank of Turkish Emperors, & was the first that arrogated to his title the name of Great, whose successors ever since have been called the great Turk, or grand Signior: Therefore Bajazeth the fourth, by reason of sundry his victories against the Christians, and cruel murders which he had performed on his kindred & friends, was surnamed the whirlwind, or thunderbolt of heaven. And Tamburlaine after his conquest calling to mind all his fortunes, & considering how many mighty Princes he had subdued, surnamed himself the scourge of God. Thomas Duke of Gloucester, King Richard's Uncle was murdered at Calais. 1397 Duke of Gloucester murdered. An, reg, 21. The Earl of Arundel and many other, were put to death for that they rebuked the King in certain matters somewhat liberally. Richard Askam, Shrive. john Woodcock, Shrive. Richard Whittington Mereer Maior. Thomas Arundel Archbishop of Canterbury, Westminster hall repaired. was banished the Realm. The King caused the great hall at Westminster to be repaired with a marvelous costly work. 1398 An, reg, 22. The Duke of Hereford accused the Duke of Norfolk. The two Dukes banished. Henry Duke of Hereford accused Thomas Duke of Norfolk of certain words by him spoken, tending to the reproach of the king's person, which the Duke of Norfolk utterly denied: whereupon a combat was granted them, but the king taking up the quarrel, banished the Duke of Hereford for 10. years, and the Duke of Norfolk for ever. john Wade, Shrive. john Warnar, Shrive. Drew Barentine Goldsmith Maior. John of Gaunt, D. of Lancaster, deceased, Duke of Lancaster deceased. & was honourably buried in S. Paul's Church at London The King exacted great sums of money of xvii. 1399 Great exactions. shires of the realm, and laid to their charges that they had been against him with the Duke of Gloucester, the Earls of Arundel and Warwick, wherefore he sent to induce the Lords both spiritual and temporal, to make a submission by writing, acknowledging themselves to be traitors to the King, though they never offended him. Blank Charters. Moreover he compelled them to set their hands to blanks, to the end that so often as it pleased him, he might oppress them. K. Richard sailed into Ireland: An, reg, 23. About Whitsuntide King Richard sailed towards Ireland. In the mean season Henry Duke of Hereford & of Lancaster, arrived in Yorkshire, demanding the inheritance due to him by the death of his Father. There came to him, Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, Ralph Nevil Earl of Westmoreland, and many other Lords with their powers, and went to Bristol, and besieged the Castle, where they took W. Scrope, john Bushy, and Thomas green, and beheaded them. King Richard hearing of the Duke's arrival, forthwith took shipping, and arrived at Milford haven: but when he understood what preparation the Duke had made, he placed himself in the castle of Conway, desiring to talk with T. Arundel Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Earl of Northumberland, which being granted, he came to the castle of flint, where he had a brief communication with the Duke of Lancaster. They took horse, & that night came to the castle of Chester, from thence to Westminster and from thence the King was sent to the tower of London, where he remained till the next Parliament, which was begun the morrow after Michaelmas day, at which time he resigned to Henry Duke of Hereford and Lancaster, all his power & knightly title to the Crown of England, and France, K. Richard deposed. when he had reigned 22. years, 3. months, and odd days. HEnry the fourth, An, reg. ● son to john of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster was ordained king of England more by force then by lawful succession or election. He began his reign the 29. of September, in the year 1399. William Walden, Shrive. William Hide, Shrive. Thomas Knowles Grocer Mayor. The King caused the blank charters made to King Richard to be burnt. The blank Charters burnt. Conspiracy disclosed. john Holland late Duke of Exeter, Thomas Holland Duke of Surrey, Edward Duke of Awmarle, john Montacute Earl of Salisbury, Thomas Spencer, Sir Ralph Lumley, Sir Thomas Blunt, Sir Benedict Cely, Knights, with others, conspired against King Henry, and appointed privily to murder him: but their treason being disclosed, they were all put to death. King Richard being in Pomfret castle, died the 14. day of February, his body was brought to London, & so through the City to Paul's C. bare faced, where he stood 3. days for all beholders, from thence he was carried to Langley, & there buried. The Welshmen rebel by the setting on of Owen Glendoverdew, 1400 Owen Glendoverdew. An, reg, 2. whereof the King being certified, went into Wales, but the Welshmen fled. john Wakell, Shrive. William Ebot, Shrive. john Frances Goldsmith Maior. This time was used exceeding pride in garments 1401 gowns with deep and broad sleeves, Sleeves of garments monstrous. An, reg, 3 commonly called peake sleeves, whereof some hung down to the feet, and at least to the knees, full of cuts and jags. William Venor, Shrive. john Eremingham, Shrive. john Chadworth Mercer Maior. The Conduit upon Gornehill in London was made. 1402 Connspiracy against king Henry. A stout friar executed Friars hanged. Certain men affirmed King Richard to be alive, for the which a Priest was taken at Warwick, who was drawn, hanged, and quartered. Walter Waldocke Prior of Land, was likewise hanged, and headed. Certain grey Friars were taken, of the which one Richard Fresby Doctor of Divinity was drawn and hanged. Sir Roger Clarindon Knight, a Squire and a Yeoman were beheaded, & eight grey friars hanged and beheaded at London, and two at Leicester, all which had published King Richard to be alive. Owen Glendoverdew. K. Henry went into Wales. The first Duke of Milan. Owen Glendoverdew invaded all the shires that bordered near unto him. The K. went with a great power into Wales where he profited nothing. This year 1402. died john Galias of Galiaso the first Duke of Milan, being at first but viscount of Milan, as his ancestors had been before him: he was created Duke by Wencessaus the Emperor, for aiding him with a great army against Robert of Baviere otherwise called Rupert Duke of Bavaria. Compotior unto the Imperial dignity, Wencessaus was despised of many, and his lose government generally misliked even of his own brother Sigismond, with whom he had sharp wars, and was by him taken and kept prisoner until he died of an Apoplexy. After his death. Robert became sole Emperor in the year 1400. who with all expedition & fury as well in respect of his own particular malice, as in pretence of a special favour towards his old tried friends the Florentines, he came into Italy with a very strong army, with full purpose to vanquish and be avenged of Galeaso the new Duke of Milan, but the Duke so stoutly resisted the Emperor and all his adherents, as he caused him to retire into Germany: Notwithstanding the importunate suit of the Florentines unto the Emperor that he should not depart out of Italy and leave them in all appearance of extreme danger of their enemies whom they had so many ways vexed: in revenge whereof the said john Galeazo entered into arms, but first slew his Uncle Barnabas, than posiest himself of his uncles wealth and authority, and conquered Verona, Vincentia, Padua, Parma, & many other Italian Cities & territories, he made a large Park for all sorts of beasts, and in the middle thereof he builded a stately Monastery. He was very fair, learned, & eloquent, but how long he reigned is uncertain, because the Archbishop of Florence, and the supplement of Chronicles and Paulus iovius differ about the beginning of his reign, the Archbishop saith he began in the year 1385. the Supplement saith in the year 1382. and iovius saith in the year 1378. He reigned 24. years, & died at 55. years of age, his son john Maria being very young, succeeded him in the year 1402. and was in his minority brought up by his mother: after that he became tyrannous, he put to death many honest & virtuous people, and caused many of his enemies to be eaten by dogs, he imprisoned his kind mother, where he constrained her to end her days with great misery: he was slain by his own servants as he was at Church having reigned ten years. Read the supplement of Chronicles. Ferrara. The Dukedom of Ferrara, for want of heirs male, returned to the Church again, about the year 1596. and Pope Clement the 8. took possession thereof, and converted it to a commonwealth, retaining the regal power thereof unto himself and his successors. Scots at Halidon hill. The Scots were overthrown at Hallidon Hill. Earl Dowglas was taken, & many other: there were drowned in the river of Twéed about 500 Richard Marlew, Shrive. Robert Chicheley, Shrive. john Walcot Draper Maior. An. reg. 4. 1403 Battle at Shrewsbury. A great battle was fought near unto Shrewesbury between King Henry and Henry Percy the younger, unto whom was joined sir Thomas Percy Earl of Worcester, uncle to the said Henry, & almost all the Gentlemen of Cheshire, Sir Henry Percy was slain, sir Thomas Percy taken and beheaded, and of the commons on both sides about 5000. slain. Plymouth spoiled. The town of Plymouth was burnt by the Britons Thomas Falconer, shrive. Thomas Poole, shrive. William Askam Fishmonger Mayor. The Frenchmen came to the Isle of Wight, An, reg. 5. 1404 Frenchmen invaded the Isle of Wight. Dartmouth invaded by the Frenchmen. but those of the Isle rising against them, they were glad to depart. The Lord of Cassels in Britain arrived at Black pool, 2. mile out of Dartmouth with a great Navy. Where (of the rustical people) he was slain, and xvii. ships were taken fraught with wines. William Louth, Shrive. Stephen Spilman, Shrive. john Hind Draper Maior. The son of Owen Glendoverdew was taken, Owen's for taken. and 150. with him were taken and slain. Richard Scrope Archbishop of York, 1405 Archbishop of York against King Henry. An, reg, 7. and Thomas Monbray Earl Martial, imagined divers articles against the King, because he had put down King Richard, offering themselves for those articles to live and die, which caused great numbers of people to resort to them: but they were taken and presented to the King at York, where they were both beheaded. Henry Berton, Shrive. William Cromer, Shrive. john Woodstock Mercer Maior. james the son of Robert King of Scots, 1406 The King of Scots son taken. An, reg, 8. being nine years old, sailing towards France, was by tempest of weather driven upon the coast of England, where being taken, he was presented to the King, and remained prisoner till the second year of Henry the sixth. Nicholas Wotton, shrive. Geoffrey Brooke, shrive. Richard Whittington Maior. 1407 Great pestilence. Rochester bridge new builded. An, reg, 9 A pestilence consumed in the City of London, about 30000. Sir Robert Knowles Knight deceased, he builded anew the bridge of Rochester: he re-edified the Church of the white Friars at London, where he was buried: he founded a college at Pomfret, etc. Henry Pomfret, Shrive. William Hallon, Shrive. William Stonden Grocer Mayor. A great frost. A frost lasted 15. weeks. 1408 Earl of Northumberland, & the Lord Bardolph. Henry Earl of Northumberland, and the Lord Bardolph came into England with a great company, pretending by proclamation to deliver the people from the great suppression that they well burdened with: but by sir Thomas Rokeby Shrive of Yorkshire, he was encounted at Bramhaunnor, & there slain: the Lord Bardolph was wounded to death. Thomas Dacke, Shrive. William Norton, Shrive. Drew Barentine Goldsmith Maior. An, reg, 10 1409 Play at Skinners well. An, reg, 12. This year was a great play at Skinners well near unto Clarken well besides London, & was of matter from the creation of the world: there were to behold the same the most part of Nobles and Gentiles in England, and forthwith after began a royal jousting in Smithfield between the H●nowayes and our English Lords. john Law, shrive. William Chichely, shrive. Richard Marlowe Irenmonger, Maior. 1410 The King's son beaten. An, reg, 12. Upon the even of S. john Baptist, john the King's son being in East Cheap after midnight, a great debate happened between his men, & men of the Court, till the Mayor with other Citizens, ceased the same. K. Henry founded a College at Battlefield in Shropshire, where he overcame Sir Henry Percy and other. john Penne, shrive. Thomas Pike, shrive. Thomas Knowles Grocer Mayor. Gild Hall in London builded. 1411 An, reg, 13 The gild Hall in London was began to be made newly by the foresaid Mayor & Aldermen. A squire of Wales, named Rice ap Dee, which had long time rebelled against the King, was brought to London, and there drawn hanged and quartered. john Rainewill, Shrive. William Cotton, Shrive. Robert Chichely Grocer Mayor. The K. caused a new coin of nobles to be made, 1412 Fodringhai An, reg, 14. which were of less value than the old by 4. d. in a Noble. King Henry founded the College of Fadringhey in Northamptonshire. Ralph Levenhinde, shrive. William Sevenoke, shrive. William Waldren Mercer Majors After the fortunate chances happened to K. Henry, being delivered of all civil division, he was taken with sickness, & yielded to God his spirit the 10. of March, Anno 1412. when he had reigned 13 years, 6. months, and odd days: he was buried at Canterbury. H●●ry the fifth began his reign the 20. An, reg, 1 of March, in the year 1412. This Prince exceeded the mean stature of men: he was beauteous of visage, his neck long, body slender, and lean, and his bones small: nevertheless he was of marvelous great strength, and passing swift in running. 1413 Sir john Oldcastle. Sir john Old Castle, for divers points touching the Sacrament, before the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of London, Winchester, and other, was convict and committed to the Tower of London, out of the which he broke. john Stotton, Shrive. john Michael, Shrive. William Cromer Draper Maior. 1414 An, reg, 2 Certain adherents of Sir john Old Castle, assembled them in Thickets field near unto the city of London: but the King being warned, took the field afore them, and so took of them such numbers that all the prisoners about London were ●●●led, divers of them were after executed, john N●anset Esquire, Men forswear the land. with 9 of his men slew john Tibbey Clarke, Chancellor to the Queen, for the which deed the said Esquire, and four of his men fled to S. Ann's Church within Aldersgate, and after for swore the land. john Michael, Shrive. Thomas Allin, Shrive. Thomas falconer Mercer Maior. This Thomas falconer caused to break the wall of London near unto Colman street, Mooregate first bu●ced An reg, 3 1415 Conspiracy and there to make a gate upon the moor side, where was none before: He also caused the ditch to be cleansed. The King road to Southampton, where was discovered a great conspiracy against him by Richard Earl of Cambridge, sir Thomas Grace▪ and Henry Scrope, with other, who were executed at Southampton. The King entered the sea with 1000 sail, K Henry sailed into Normandy B●ttell of Agincourt. and the third night after arrived in Normandy. He laid siege to Hartflew, which was yielded to him. He sought the battle at Agincourt, where he had a marvelous victory. About this time Philip the French King began to set a custom or impost upon Salt, The first impost upon salt in France. which was never before. William Cambridge, Shrive. Allen Euerard, Shrive. Nicholas Wotton Draper Maior. K. Henry arrived at Dover. K. Henry returned. An. reg. 4. 1416 The Mayor of London with the Aldermen and crafts, riding in red, with hoods red and white, met with the King on black. Richard Whittington, Shrive. john Coventry, Shrive. Henry Barton Skinner Maior. This year it was decreed by a court of common counsel, An, reg, 5. 1417 that a lantern & candle light should be hanged out at every door in the city in the winter. On Easter day at a Sermon in S. A fray in S. Dunston's Church. Dunston's in the East of London, a great fray happened, wherethrough many people were sore wounded, & Thomas Petwarden Fishmonger, slain out of hand. The beginners of the fray, which was the Lord Strange, & sir john Russel knight, through the quarrel of their two wives, were brought to the counter in the Poultry, & excommunicated at P. Cross. King Henry sailed into Normandy, and took the Castle of Tonke, and shortly after get Caen, Beyonx, and many other Towns and Castles. Henry Read, shrive. john Gedney, shrive. Richard Marlowe, iron-monger Maior. An, reg, 6. 1418 Sir john Oldcastle was sent unto London by the Lord Powes out of Wales: which sir john was convict by Parliament drawn to S. Giles field, hanged, and consumed with fire. The Parson of Wrotham in Norfolk, which had haunted New-Market-heath, and there robbed and spoiled many, was with his concubine brought to Newgate of London, where he died. john Brian. Ralph Barton. Brian deceased, Shrive. john Pernesse succeeded. Shrive. William Sevenoke Grocer Mayor. W. Sevenoke. Alms houses and free school at Sevenoke. An, reg, 7. 1419 This William Sevenoke founded in the town of Sevenocke in Kent, where he had been nourished, a free school, and xii. alms houses. King Henry besieged the City of Rouen half a year and more, which was yielded to him. Richard Whitingham, shrive. john Butler, shrive. Richard Whittington Mercer Maior. Whittington college An, reg, 8. 1420 This Richard Whittington builded the library in the Grey Friars Church in London: his Excecutors of his goods builded Whittington College, they repaired S. Bartholomews' Hospital in Smithfield, they bore some charges to the paving and glazing of the Guildhall, and also of the library there, they new builded the West gate of London, of old time called Newgate. K. Henry was made Regent of France, K. Henry made regent of France. & wedded Lady Katherine the King's daughter of France at Troy's in Champain: the feast being finished, the King besieged and won many towns in France. john Burler, Shrive. john Welles, Shrive. William Cambrige Grocer Mayor. The King suppressed the French houses of religious Monks & Friars, and such like in England. An, reg. 9 1421 Religious houses suppressed. A charitable Bishop. A Subsidy was demanded, but the Bishop of Winchester lent the King 20000. pound to ●●ay the matter. The King sailed into France. Richard Goslin, Shrive. William Weston, Shrive. Robert Chichely Grocer Mayor. This Robert Chichely w●lled in his testament, Robert Chichely his charity. that upon his mind day, a competent dinner should be ordained for 2420. poor men, householders of the City, and 20. pound in money to distribute amongst them, which was to every man two pence At this time such was the general & capital command & sway of the King of England in France, The King of England se●le used ●n the Court of Chancery in Paris. (as her own Chronicles testify) that in the Court of Chancery in Paris, all things were sealed with the seal of King Henry of England, and the great seal of England was there new made and used: wherein was the Arms of France & England: and as the King sat in his chair of state, he held two Sceptres in his hands: that is to say, in his right hand was a sceptre smooth & plain, only the proportion of the French coin, commonly called a French crown: & in his left hand he held a sceptre full of curious arts, carved and wrought with the arms of England, All this & much more is very authentically recorded in the French Chronicles. as is used in the English money, and on the top thereof a Cross. Presently upon this, the french were so vexed with the english government that they practised all means to extirp the English, as well by prayers as otherwise, and never ceased until they had obtained their desire: Calais only excepted, which was English many years after. Henry the King's son was borne at Windsor on the 6. An, reg, 10 1422 day of December. K. Henry being at Boys S. Vincent, waxed sick & died the last of August in the year 1422. when he had reigned 9 years, 5. months, & odd days: he founded two Monasteries upon the Thames, the one of the Religion of the Carthusians, Shine and Zion. which he named Bethlem, the other of religious men & women of S. Bridget, which he named Zion. He founded Garter principal King of Arms. He lieth buried at Westminster. Henry of Windsor. An, reg. 1. HEnry the 6. being an infant of 8. months old, began his reign the last of August in the year 1422. the governance of the Realm was committed to the Duke of Gloucester, and the guard of his person to the Duke of Exeter, & to the Duke of Bedford was given the the regiment of France. William Eastfield, Shrive. Robert Tatarsall, Shrive. William Walderne Mercer Maior. The xxi. of October died Charles King of France, The French King died. by reason whereof the kingdom of France should come to King Henry, and the Nobles of France, (except a few that held with the Dolphin) delivered the possession thereof to the Duke of Bedford, to the use of King Henry. A subsidy was granted for three years, 1423 Subsidy of wool. Newgate at London. five nobles for every sack of wool that should pass out of the land. This year the West gate of London, called Newgate, was new builded by the Excecutors of Richard Whittington, Nicholas james, Shrive. Thomas Wadford, Shrive. William Cromer Draper Maior. james the young King of Scots, An. reg. 2. K. of Scots released. who was taken by the Englishmen in the 8. year of Henry the 4. and had remained in England prisoner till this time, was now delivered, and married in S. Mary Oueries in Southwark to the Lady jane, daughter the Earl of Somerset. The battle at Vernoill in Perch, between the Duke of Bedford Regent of France, 1424 Battle as Vernell. An, reg, 3. and the Arminakes, but the English party prevailed. Simon Seman, shrive. john Bywater, shrive. john Michael Stockefishmonger Maior. By a Parliament was granted to the King for 3. years to help him in his wars, a subsidy of 12. d. the pound of all Merchandise brought in or carried out of the Realm, and 3. s. of every tun of wine, which was called tonage or poundage but since it hath been renewed at sundry Parliaments, and now called custom. Strangers to be lodged with English hosts. It was enacted that all the Merchant strangers should be lodged with English hosts, and within 40. days to make sale of all they brought, or else what remained to be forfeit to the King. William M●ldred, shrive. john Brok●●ll shrive. john Coventry Mercer Maior. An reg, 4. Debate between the Duke of Gloucester, and the Bishop of Winchester The morrow after Simon & judes day the Mayor caused a great watch to be kept with most part of the citizens in armour to stand by the duke of Gloucester against the Bishop of Winchester, who lay in Southwark with a great power of Lancashire and Cheshire men: but the matter was appeased by the Archbishop of Canterbury. The 28. of September was an earthquake, which continued the space of two hours. john Arnold, Shrive. john Higham, Shrive. john Rainwell Fishmonger Mayor. An, reg, 5 W●rd, discharged for fifteens. This john Rainwell gave certain tenements to the city of London, for the which the same city is bound to pay forever, such fifteens as well be granted to the K. for Downgate, Bill●ngsgate, and Algate ward, etc. This year the tower of the drawbridge of London, 1427 An, reg, 7. was begun by the same Mayor. Henry Frowicke, shrive. Robert Oteley, shrive. john Godney Draper Maior. From the beginning of April unto Hallontide, was so great abundance of rain, that not only hay, but corn also was destroyed. Thomas Duthouse, shrive. john Abbot, shrive. Henry Barton Skinner Maior. The Duke of Norfolk passing through London bridge, his barge overwhelmed, so that 30. Duke of Norfolk escaped. persons were drowned, and the Duke with other that escaped were drawn up with ropes. A Britain murdered a widow in white chapel parish without Algate of London, & bore away her goods, but being pursued, he took succour of the Church of S. George in Southwark, Murder quit with murder. from whence he was taken, & forswore the land. But as he happened to come by the place where he had done the murder, the women of the parish withstones, sheep's horns, and kennel dung, made an end of him. William Russo, Shrive. Ralph Holland, Shrive. William Eastfield Maior. Before the town of Champain was taken a woman armed, 1430 Lafoy Pucelle de Dieu. An, reg, 9 the Frenchmen called her La Pucella de Dieu, through whom the Dolphin trusted to have conquered all France. Walter Chartsey, Shrive. Robert Large, Shrive. Nicholas Wotton Draper Maior. Francis Sforce son to Sforce of Cutygnola, Francis Sforce made Duke of Milan. was by his father Viscount Philip Maria, adopted for his heir, & caused him to bear the serpent in his Scutcheon, which was the ancient Arms of the said Viscount. And in the year 1430 died Philip Maria, & the year following, the forenamed Francis Sforce, by reason of his singular virtue & valour, was made Duke of Milan: he was called Sforce because his father was so called, who was so surnamed for his valour & Noble acts of chivalry: for albeit at the first he was but of mean and low place▪ yet by his own merit he attained by degrees the highest place in Camp, making all men to obey & serve him by force, and was thereupon surnamed Sforce, which name hath descended unto his heirs ever since. This Francis had many victories against Pope Eugenius, and against the Florentines, Venetians, and Mylaneseys': he had almost extirped the Gwelphes, and Ghibelines: he was feared and honoured of all Italy: he made peace with Venice & other cities: he re-edified the great Castle of Milan, and builded a fair hospital within the City, and gave thereunto large revenues only for the use of the poor, he was at great charges in building the Church of Saint Ambrose▪ he reigned 16. years, his son Galease Maria succeeded him, who banished his own mother, and abounded in all vices: he was slain in S. Stephen's Church, having reigned 9 years, he left behind him 4. children. Read the Supplement of Chronicles. 1431A commotion at Abington An, reg, 10. At Abington began an insurrection of certain lewd persons the intended to have wrought much mischief: but the chief author being Balif●e of the town, named William Mundevile, a Weavor with others, were put to death. john Adorley, Shrive. Stephen Browne, Shrive. john Wels' Grocer Maior. This john Welles caused the Conduit called the Standard in Cheap to be new builded. This year 1431. The King of England crowned in Paris. King Henry of England being but 12. years of age, was triumphantly crowned King of France in our Lady Church in Paris, in the presence of the English and French Clergy and Nobility: and was with great honour generally received as King. The Frenchmen ever after called him little Harry, as appear by their Chronicles to this day. King Henry after he was crowned at Paris in France, shortly after returned into England, 1432 An, reg. 11. and came to London, where he was royally received of all the Crafts men riding in gowns of white, and red hoods embroidered richly. john Oluey, shrive. john Paddesley, shrive. john Perney Fishmonger Mayor. Four Soldiers of Calais beheaded, 1433 An, reg, 12. and an hundred and ten banished, and before that time was banished an hundred and twenty. Thomas Chalton, Shrive. john King, Shrive. john Brokeley Draper Maior. The Earl of Huntingdon was sent with a company of Soldiers into France, where he achieved many enterprises. Thomas Barnewell, Shrive. Simon Eyre Shrive. Roger Otely Grocer Maior. The Thames was frozen, 1432 An, reg, 13. Great frost that the Merchandise which came to the Thames mouth, was carried to London by land. Thomas Catworth, shrive. Robert Clopton, shrive. Henry Frowicke Maior. An, reg, 14. Charles of France recovered the city of Paris, the town of Hartflew, and S. Denis. Thomas Morsted, Shrive. William Gregory, Shrive. john Michael Fishmonger Maior. An, reg, 15. Part of London bridge fell. The gate on London bridge, with the tower upon it next to Southwark: fell down, & the 2. further arches of the said bridge, and no man perished. 1437 An Alderman of London Warden of Norwich. An, reg, 16. King Henry put down the Mayor of Norwich, sent the Aldermen some to Lyn, some to Canterbury, took their Franchises into his hand, and appointed john Wells sometime Mayor of London to be Warden of Norwich. All the Lions in the Tower of London died. William Hales, Shrive. William Chapman, Shrive. William Eastfield Mercer Maior. 1438 An, reg, 17 This William Eastfield builded the water conduit in Fleetstreet. Owen Theodor foully hurting his keeper, broke out of Newgate, but was again taken afterward. This Owen (as was said) had privily married Queen Katherne, late wife to Henry the fifth, and had four children by her. Hugh Diker, shrive. Nicholas You, shrive. Stephen Browne Grocer Mayor. Great wind Three men slain. A great mind in London almost blewe down one side of the street called the old Change. A stack of wood fell down at Bainard's Castle, & killed 3. men. By the fall of a stair at Bedford, Eighteen men slain. 1439 An, reg 18 Strumpets work ray hoods- where the shi●e day was kept 18. persons were slain. Many strumpets were set on the pillory and banished the city, except they wore their ray hoods Philip Malpas, Shrive. Roger Martial, Shrive. Robert large Mercer Maior. It was ordained that all Merchant strangers should go to host with Englishmen, Parliament at Reading & to make sale of their Merchandises, and buy again what they would within the space of 6. months, giving their host for every 20. s. worth 2. d. except the Easterlings. Also that every householder that was an alien should pay to the King xvi. pence the year, Orders for strangers. and every servant alien vi. pence. Sir Rich Which, Vicar of Hermetsworth in Essex, was burnt on Tower-hill the 17 of june. 1440 The postern of London sank. An, reg, 19 The 18. of july the postern of London by East-smithfield, against the Tower of London, sank by night. john Sutton, Shrive. William Wettinhall, Shrive. john Paddesley Goldsmith Maior. A combat was fought at Tote hill between two thieves, 1441 A combat between 2 thieves. Roger Bolingbrooke for necromancy. Elinor Cobham apprehended. the appealer had the field of the defendant Roger Bolingbrooke with Thomas Southwell, were taken as conspirators of the king's death, for it was said, that the same Roger should labour to consume the King's person by way of necremancy. Elinor Cobham Duchess of Gloucester was cited to appear before Henry Chichely Archbishop of Canterbury, to answer certain matters of necromancy, witchcraft, sorcery, heresy, and treason, where (when she appeared) the foresaid Roger was brought forth to witness against her, and said, that she was the cause, & first stirred him to labour in that art. Then she was committed to the ward of Sir john Steward Knight. An, reg, 29. A Witch burnt. Then was taken also Margery Gurdmain, a witch of Ely, whose sorcery and witchcraft the said Elinor had long time used, wherefore the same witch was burnt in Smithfield. William Combis, shrive. Richard Rich, shrive. Robert Clopton Draper Maior. Elinor Cobham did penance The ninth of November, dame Elinor appeared before the Archbishop and others, and received penance, which she performed. On the xvii. of November she came from the temple bridge, with a taper of wax of two pound in her hand through Fleetstreet to Paul's, where she offered her Taper at the Altar. On the wednesday next she went through Bridge-stréete, Grace-Church street to Leadenhall, and so to Christ-Church by Algate. On friday she went through Cheap to S. Michael's in Cornhill, in form aforesaid. Roger Bolinbrooke executed. The 18. of November, Roger Bolinbrooke was arraigned, drawn from the Tower to Tyburn, and there hanged and quartered. Thomas Beaumond, Shrive. Richard Norden, Shrive. john Athile Ironmonger Mayor. An, reg, 21. 1443 Citizens of Norwich against the Prior. An, reg, 22. The Citizens of Norwich rose against the Prior of Christ's Church within the same City, & would have flered the Priory: they kept the Town by strength against the Duke of Norfolk, & all his power, wherefore the King sent thither the chief judge john Fortescue, with the Earls of Stafford and of Huntingdon, who indicted many Citizens, and the Prior also. Nicholas Wyfford, Shrive. john Norman, Shrive. Thomas Catworth Grocer Mayor. King Henry sent into France Ambassadors, 1444 An, reg, 25 W. de la pool Marquis of Suffolk. Adam Molens, Robert Roes and others, to treat of a marriage between King Henry, & Margaret the king's daughter of Cicill, and was concluded. Stephen Foster, shrive. Hugh Which, shrive. Henry Frowicke Mercer Maior. On Candlemas eve in divers places of England, was heard terrible thunders with lightning, whereby the Church of Baldeoke in Hartfordshire the Church of Walden in Essex, & divers others were sore shaken. And the steeple of S. Paul's steeple fired. 1445 Queen Margaret. An, reg, 24 Paul's in London, about 3. of the clock in the afternoon was set on fire in the midst of the shaft, but by the labour of well disposed people, the same was quenched. Lady Margaret landing at Porchester, went from thence by water to Hampton, from thence to the Abbey of Tich-field, and was there wedded to king Henry: she was received at the Blackheath by the Citizens of London, riding on horseback, in blue gowns and red hoods. john Derby, Shrive. Godfrey Filding, Shrive. Simon Eyre Draper Maior. This Simon Eyre builded the leaden Hall in London, Leaden hall in London builded. to be a storehouse for grain & fuel (for poor of the City) and also a beautiful Chapel in the East end of the same. 1436 An, reg, 25. Robert Horn, Shrive. Godfrey Boleine, Shrive. john Olrey Mercer Maior. In a Parliament at Bury in Suffolk, The Duke of Gloucester arrested. 1447 An, reg, 26. Humphrey Duke of Gloucester was arrested, where soon after he died: he was buried at S. Alban's. William Abraham, Shrive. Thomas Scot, Shrive. john Gedney Draper Maior. George Scanderbag alias Castriot. This year 1447. George Castriot, whom the Turks in scorn called Scanderbag, by fine policy, & warlike prowess recovered from Amurath his kingdoms left by his father, viz. the kingdoms of Epyris and Albania, auntiently called Macedon: he won by force also from the Turks, many provinces, cities, and strong holds. 2448 An, reg, 27. An English Knight named sir Francis de Aragonis took a town of Normandy named Fogiers, against the truce: and this was the occasion that after the Frenchmen gate all Normandy. Will●am Cantlow Shrive. William Marrow Shrive. Stephen Browne Grocer Mayor. Rouen was yielded to the French King. William Hulin, Thomas C●nings, Thomas Chalton Mercer Maior. Bishop of Chichester murdered. Blewheard hanged. 1450 Adam Molins' Bishop of Chichester keeper of the kings privy seal, was by shipmen slain at portsmouth. Bluebeard a Fuller, taken beside Canterbury, for raising a rebellion was hanged and quartered. The Duke of Suffolk was banished the land, Duke of Suffolk murdered. jack Cade rebelled. who sailing toward France, was met on the sea by a ship of war, & beheaded: his corpse was cast up at Dover. The commons of Kent in great numbers assembled on black Heath, having to their Captain jack Cade, against whom the King sent a great array, but by the said captain and rebels, they were discomfited, & sir Humphrey Stafford, & William his brother, with many other slain. After this victory the rebel came to London, entered the city, & struck his sword upon London Stone, saying: Now is Mortimer Lord of this city. Upon the 3. of july he caused the Lord Say to be arraigned, and at the standard in Cheap smote off his head: he also beheaded Sir james Cromer at the miles end: After this succeeded open robbery within the city. But the Mayor & others sent to the Lord Scales, keeper of the Tower, who promised his aid with shooting of Ordinance, & Matthew Gough was appointed to assist the Mayor: so that the captains of the City took upon them in the night to keep the bridge, where between them and the rebels was a fiery encounter. In conclusion the rebels got the drawbridge, and drowned & spoiled many. This conflict endured till 9 of the clock in the morning, in doubtful chance: so that both parties agreed to desist from fight till the next day, upon condition, that neither Londoner should pass into Southwark, nor the kentishmen into London. Then the Archbishop of Canterbury & other passed to southwark, where they showed a general pardon for all offenders: whereupon the multitude retired home. The captain fled through the wild of Suffex, and there was slain. jack Cade slain. Bishop of Salisbury murdered. After this the King road into Kent, where many were drawn and quartered. The 29. of june, William Bishop of Salisbury, was by his own Tenants shamefully murdered. john Middleton, Shrive. William Deer, Shrive. Nicholas Wyfford Grocer Maior. 1451 Soldiers made a fray against the Mayor of London the same day that he took his charge at Westminster at night, coming from S. Thomas of Acres. Matthew Philip, Shrive. Christopher Warton, Shrive. An, reg, 30. 1452 William Gregory Skinner Maior. A commotion began by Richard Duke of York and others, which was appeased for a time. Richard Lee, shrive. Ralph Alley, shrive. Godfrey Felding Mercer Maior. An, reg, 31. States created. King Henry made his two brethren on the mother's side, Edmond Earl of Richmond, and jasper Earl of Pembroke. 1453 An, reg, 32 The 12. of October, the Queen was delivered of a Prince named Edward. john Waldren, Shrive. Thomas Cook, Shrive. john Norman Draper Maior. The Mayor of London first rowed to Westminster. 1454 Before this time, the Mayor, Aldermen, & commons were wont to ride to Westminster, whe● the Mayor should take his charge, but this Mayor was rowed thither by water. A great fire next without Ludgate, in a Cordwainers house, which Cordwainer, his wife, three m●n and a maid, were all burnt. john Field, Shrive. William Taylor, Shrive. Stephen Foster Fishmonger Maior. An, reg, 33 This Stephen Foster and Dame Agnes his wife builded the southeast quadrant adjoining to Ludgate of the city of London, & also conveyed thereunto sweet water, sufficient for the ease of the prisoners, he also gave forty pounds to the preachers at Paul's Cross and spital. K. Henry came to S. Albon's accompanied with the Dukes of Buckingham & Somerset, 1455 first battle in S. Albon the Earls of Pembroke, Northumberland, Devonshire, Stafford, Dorset & Wiltshire, with other to the number of 2000 The King pight his banner in S. Peter's street, & the Lord Clifford kept his barriers of the town, so that the Duke of York with his power, might in no wise enter: but the Earl of Warwick gathering his men together, broke in on the garden side in Holloway street, crying a Warwick, & the duke of York broke up the barriers, & fought a fierce & cruel battle, in which was slain on the King's side, the Duke of Somerset, the Earl of Northumberland, the Lord Clifford, and many other. This done, the Duke of York, the Earls of Warwick and Salisbury, brought the King to London, where by Parliament, An, reg, 34 the Duke was made protector of the realm, the Earl of Salisbury Chancellor, & the Earl of Warwick captain of Calais. john young, Shrive. Thomas Oldgrave, Shrive. William Marrow Grocer Maior. 1456 An, reg, 35 The Duke of York was discharged of the Protectorship. A great riot was committed is London against the Lumbards' and Italians. john Steward, Shrive. Ralph Verney, Shrive. Thomas Cancing Grocer, Mayor. 1457 Monstroufish. At Erith were taken 4. great fishes, whereof two were whales. Frenchmen landing at Sandwich, wasted the town, & slew the inhabitants. Prisoners of Newgate broke out. An, reg, 36. Sir Thomas Percy, Lord Egremount, & sir Richard Percy his brother being prisoners in Newgate, broke out by night, & went to the King, other prisoners took the leads of the gate, & defended a long while against the Shrives', and all their officers. William Edward, Shrive. Thomas Reyner, Shrive. Godfrey Bolein Mercer, Maior. A feigned agreement was made between the King and the Duke of York. 1458 the Queen's Attorney slain. An, reg, 37. A fray in Fléetstréet between men of the Court, and the inhabitants of the same street, in which fray the queens Attorney was slain: for this fact the K. committed the Governors of Furnivall, Clifford, and Barnard's Inn to prison, and William Taylour Alderman of that ward, with many other were sent to Windsor Castle. Ralph jossilin, Shrive. Richard Medtham, Shrive. Thomas Scot Draper, Maior. 1459 Printing first invented. The Science of Printing was found in Germany at Magunce. William Caxton of London, Mercer, brought it into England about the year 1471. and first practised the same in the Abbey of S. Peter's at Westminster. The Duke of York, Bloreheath field An, reg, 38 the Earls of Salisbury and Warwick, with a great host met the K. and other Lords upon Bloreheath, where because Andrew Trolapa Captain of Calais, the night before the battle should have been fought, fled with the best soldiers to the King, the Duke of York, the Earls of March, Salisbury, & Warwick also fled without battle. john Plummer, Shrive. john Stocker, Shrive. William Hulin Fishmonger, Mayor. The three Earls with a puissant army met King Henry at Northampton, 1460 Battle at Northampton. Duke of York claimed the Crown. & gave him a strong battle. In the end whereof the King's host was dispersed, chased & slain, & the King taken in the field. The Duke of York made such claim to the Crown, that by consent of a Parliament, he was preclaimed heir apparent. Richard Fleming, shrive. john Lambard, shrive. Richard Lee Grocer, Mayor. Queen Margaret having gathered a company of Northern men near to Wakefield, slew Richard Duke of York with his son Edmond. An, reg. 39 The Duke of York slain. The second battle in S. Albon. On Shrovetwesday the Queen with her retinue near S. Alban's, discomfited the Earl of Warwick, and the Duke of Norfolk, and delivered King Henry her husband. In this battle were slain 1926. persons. Battle at Mortimer's cross. Edward Earl of March had a great battle against the Earls of Pembroke and Wiltshire at Mortimer's cross, where he put them to flight, and slew many of their people. The Earl of warwick fled from the King. The King & Queen fled to York. The Earl of Warwick fled from S. Albon to the Earl of March, & almost all the people of the South countries fell to him. King Henry with the Queen, withdrew them towards York. Edward Earl of March came to London with a mighty power of March men, and accompanied with the Earl of Warwick the 26. day of February, where he was joyfully received. But many wealthy Citizens not liking of these doings conveyed themselves out of the City, amongst the which were Philip Malpas Alderman, Thomas Vaugham Esquire, William Actlife with many other; who fearing the queens coming to London, shipped towards Antwerp: but by the way were taken by a French ship, and at length delivered for great ransom: it cost Philip Malpas 4000 Edward Earl of March proclaimed King. pound. Edward being elected, was proclaimed by the name of Edward the fourth, on the 4. of March, and King Henry lost his Kingdom when he had reigned 38. years, 6. months, and odd days. Edward Earl of March. An, reg. 1. EDward Earl of March, began his reign the 4. of March, by the name of Edward the 4. in the year 1460. Walter Walker beheaded. The 12. of March Walter Walker, a Grocer that dwelled in Cheap, for words spoken touching K. Edward was beheaded. The 13. of March Edward took his journey toward the North, where between Shireburne and Todcastle, all the North part met him, Battle on Palm Sunday. & on palm Sunday the 29. of March, fought a great battle, in which were slain Henry Percy Earl of Northumberland, john Lord Clifford, john Lord Nevil, Leo Lord Welles, and many other of both parts, to the number of 357. and 11. persons: but King Edward got the field. The Duke of Exeter, the Duke of Somerset the Lord of Ros, the Lord Hungerford and many other fled to York to K. Henry, K. Henry fled into Scotland. and then they, with the King, Queen and Prince, fled to Berwick, and so to Edenbrough. George Ireland, shrive. john Locke, shrive. Hugh Which Mercer Maior. Faweonbridge Earl of Kent, 1462 Conquer won. was appointed to keep the Seas with others, to the number of 10000 which landed in Britain, & won the town of Conquer, with the Isle of k, etc. William Hamton Shrive. Bartholomew james, Shrive. Thomas Cook Draper, Knight of the Bath. Maior. Queen Margaret landed in the North, An, reg, 3 1463 where having but small succour, was fain to take the sea again, and by tempest of weather was driven to Berwick, where she landed, but lost her ships and goods. Robert Basset, Shrive. Thomas Muschampe, Shrive. Matthew Philip Goldsmith, Knight of the bath, Mayor. K. Henry's power being at Hexham, An. reg. 4. 1464 Battle at Exham. the Lord Montacute with a power enclosed them round about: there were taken & slain many Lords that were with King Henry, but he himself was fled into Lancashire. K. Edward married. King Edward took to wife Elizabeth daughter to jaquite Duchess of Bedford, late wife to Sir john Grace. Coin enhanced. The King changed the coin both gold and silver, & ordained that the new groat weighed scantly 3. d. and that the noble of 6. s. 8. d. should go for 8. s. 4. d. etc. Pestilence, Sergeant's feast. A great pestilence, and the Thames over frozen. In Michaelmas Term were made sergeant at Law, which held their feast in the Bishop of Elies' place in Oldburne, to the which feast, the Mayor of London with the Aldermen being bidden, repaired, but when the Mayor looked to be set to keep the state in the hall, the Lord Grace of Ruthin, than Treasurer of England was there placed, whereupon the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons departed home, and the Mayor made all the Aldermen dine with him. john Tate, Shrive. john Stone, Shrive. Ralph jossiline Draper, Knight of the bath Maior. New coin. An, reg, 5 1465 A new coin was made, a Rose-noble at 10. s. the half noble at 5. s. and the farthing 2. s. 6. d. an angelet 6. s. 8. d. K. Henry the 6. taken King Henry was taken beside the Abbey of Sally in Yorkshire, from thence borough to Esilton, and there arrested by the Earl of Warwick, Doctor Manning Deane of Windsor, Doctor Bedle, and young Elerton being in his company, were brought to the Tower of London. A licence was granted to convey certain Coteswoold sheep into Spain, which have since greatly multiplied there. Sir Henry Waver, Shrive. William Constantine, Shrive. Ralph Verney Mercer, Maior. Queen Rlizabeth was delivered of a daughter named Elizabeth. An, reg, 7. john Browne, Henry Brice, Shrive. john Stocton, Shrive. Sir john Young Grocer, Mayor. Many men were arrested, and treason surmised against them, many of them were put to death, & other escaped for great sums of money. Amongst the which sir Thomas Cook, sir john Plomar, Humphrey Haward, and other Aldermen of London brought and charged with treason, and quit, notwithstanding lost of their goods to the King, the value of 40000. marks or more. Anthony W●dnile, Lord Scales jousted in Smithfield with the bastard Burgony, & had the victory. Thomas Stalkbroke, Shrive. Humphrey Hayford, Shrive. Thomas Olgrave Skinner Maior. Sir Thomas Cook Alderman of London, An, reg, 8. 1468 could not be delivered until he had paid 8000. pound. Simon Smith, Shrive. William Hariot, Shrive. William Tailor Maior. Cordwainer street discharged of fifteens. An, reg, 9 1469 This William Taylor gave the City of London certain tenements, for the which the city is bound to pay for ever, at every Fifteen granted to the King, for all such as shall dwell in Cord-waivers street ward, seized at 12. d. a piece, or under. The Earl of Warwick adjoining himself with the Duke of Clarence, the King's brother, stirred the Northern men, that they divers times rebelled, and turned the King and realm to great trouble, but in the end therebels were suppressed in a battle at Banbury. Richard Gardiner, Shrive. Robert Drop, Shrive. Richard Lee Grocer Maior. George Duke of Clarence, jasper Earl of Pembroke, An, reg, 10 1470 Richard Earl of Warwick, and the Earl of Oxford; arrived at Plymouth, and another sort at Dartmouth, which all took their voyage toward Exeter, and then Northward. K. Edward fled. King Edward fled from his host beside Nottingham, and the third of October he took shipping at Lin, & sailed into Flanders. The 6. of October the Duke of Clarence, the Earl of Warwick, the Archbishop of York, the Lord of Saint john's, with others, entered the Tower of London, and King Henry being there prisoner, K Henry restored. they elected him to be their lawful King, and forthwith road with him through London to the Bishop's palace, where he rested till the 14. of October, on which day he went a Procession, crowned in Paul's Church. john Crosby, shrive. john Ward, shrive. Sir john Crosby. Sir john Stocton Mercer Maior. Sir john Crosby late Shrive, builded Crosby place in London, he gave 300. Marks to the repairing his Parish Church of S. Helen, to poor householders 30. pound, to the repairing of London wall, and the Tower on London bridge, etc. Parliament at Paul's. A Parliament at Westminster, from thence proceeded to Paul's, wherein King Edward was disherited and all his children, and thereupon proclaimed Usurper of the Crown, and his Brother the Duke of Gloucester traitors, and both attainted, during this Parliament. Sir Thomas Cook then being one of the Knights of the Shire for London, being an excellent well spoken man, and of a profound wit, showed the great wrongs and losses he had sustained for his fidelity to King Henry, and required restitution of 22000. Marks that he had lost by force of the said wrongs, and also he casting no perils, executed the utmost of his wrongs against such as he knew ba●e any favour to King Edward, of which he repented full sore afterward, and was fain to fly the land. King Edward landed at Ravensport with a small company of Soldiers, An, reg, 11. 1471 but by means of his brother the Duke of Clarence, who now returned to his part, he came to London, entered the City the 10. of April, and took King Henry, and then went against the Earl of Warwick, whom he vanquished and slew, with his brother Marquis Montacute near to Barnet, on Easter day. King Edward took his journey Westward, where besides Tewksbury, he overthrew Queen Margaret, Barnetfield Battle at Tewksbury and took her prisoner, with Prince Edward her son. Thomas the bastard of Fauconbridge with a riotous company of shipmen and others of Essex and Kent, came to London, Thomas the bastard Knight. where being denied passage through the City, Suburbs of Algate and Bishops fired. he fired the gates, wann● the Bulwarks at Algate, and entered the city, but the Citizens flew such as entered, causing the other to fly, pursued them as far as Blackewall, slaying many. King Henry the sixth Murdered. King Henry was murdered in the Tower of London, and after buried at Chertsey, since removed to Windsor. King Edward road toward Kent, where he caused inquiry to be made of the foresaid riotous persons, hanged the rich by the purse, and the other by the necks. The Mayor of Canterbury, with others, were beheaded there. Thomas the bastard of Fauconbridge was taken at Southampton, and beheaded. john Allein, shrive. john Shelley, shrive. An, reg, 12. 1472 The Earl of Oxford & his Lady William Edward Grocer, Mayor. The Earl of Oxford was sent prisoner to Guines, where he remained so long as the King reigned. In all which time the Lady his wife might never come to him, or had any thing, but what the people of charity would give her, 〈◊〉 what she gate with her needle. john Browne, Shrive. Thomas Bledlow, Shrive. Sir William Hampton Fishmonger Mayor. An, reg, 13. 1473 Strumpets punished. This Mayor punished many strumpets, caus●● them to ride with grey hoods, & banished them the city. He also caused stocks to be set in every wa●●▪ William Stocker, Shrive. Robert Billisdon, Shrive. Sir john Tate Mercer, Maior. The Duke of Exeter was found dead in the sea between Dover and Calais. An, reg, 14 1474 john Goose was burnt on the Tower hill. Edmond Shaw, Shrive Thomas Hill, Shrive Robert Drop Draper, Maior. This Robert Drop, An, reg, 15. 1475 builded the East end of the conduit upon Cornhill. King Edward sailed into France with a great army to aid the Duke of Burgony, but by suit of the French King, a peace was concluded. Hugh Brice, shrive. Robert Colwich, shrive. Robert Basset Salter, Maior. This Mayor did sharp correction upon Bakers for making light bread, An, reg, 16 Agnes Dainty set on the pillory. he caused divers of them to be put on the pillory. Also one Agnes Dainty for selling of mingled butter. Richard Rawson, shrive. Willam Horn, shrive. Ralph jossilin Draper, Maior. By the diligence of this Mayor, London wall repaired. the wall about London was newly repaired betwixt Creplegate and Algate. King Edward in his progress hunted in Thomas Burdets' Park at a Buck, and slew many Dear, amongst the which one was a white Buck. Thomas Burdet, when he understood thereof, An, reg, 17 1477 T. Burdet beheaded. wished the Bucks head in his belly that moved the King to kill it. Burdet was apprehended, accused of treason, condemned, drawn from the tower of London to Tyburn, and there beheaded. Henry Collet, Shrive. john Stokes, Shrive. Humphrey Hayford Goldsmith Maior. An, reg, 18. 1478 George Duke of Clarence Edward's brother, in the Tower of London made his end in a But of Malmsey. Robert Harding, shrive. Robert Byfield, shrive. Richard Gardiner Mercer Maior. An, reg, 19 1479 A great dearth, and also a great death was in London, and divers other parts of this Realm. Thomas Ilam, shrive. john Ward, shrive. Sir Bartholomew james Draper Maior. Great Conduit. thieves hanged and burnt. This Thomas Ilam Shrive, newly builded the great Conduit in Cheap. thieves for robbing Saint martin's le grand in London, three were drawn to the Tower hill▪ and there hanged and burnt, other two were pressed to death. Thomas Daniel, Shrive. William Bacon, Shrive. john Browne Mercer Maior. An, reg, 21. 1481 The Citizens of London lent the King 5000. Marks, which was repaired again the next year following. Robert Tate, W. Wilking, shrive. Richard Chawry, shrive. William Harriot Draper Maior. An, reg, 22. 1482 The Scots began to stir, against whom the King sent the Duke of Gloucester, & others, which returned without any notable battle. William White, Shrive. john Matthew, Shrive. Edmond shaw Goldsmith Maior. This Edmond shaw newly builded Creplegate of London from the foundation, An, reg, 23. Creplegate builded. 1483 which gate in old time had been a prison, whereto the Citizens and others as were arrested for debt, and like trespasses were committed. King Edward making great provision for war into France, ended his life at Westminster, the 9 of April, Anno 1483. when he had reigned 22. years, one month, and odd days, he was buried at Windsor. He left issue, Edward the Prince, K. Edward deceased. and Richard Duke of York, and 5. daughters, Elizabeth, that after was Queen, Cicely Anne, Katherine, and Bridget. Edward the fifth. EDward the 5. about the age of 13. An, reg, ●. years began his reign the 9 of April, in the year 1483. which Prince reigned small space, either in pleasure or liberty: for his unnatural Uncle, Richard Duke of Gloucester within 3. months deprived him not only of his Crown, but also of his life (as was said.) This Edward reigned two months and ten days. Richard the Duke of Gloucester. RIchard the 3. brother to Edward the 4. An, reg, 1 L Rivers & others executed. was proclaimed K. the 22. of june in the year 1483. he put to death Anthony Woduile Earl Rivers. Lord Richard Grace, the queens brother, sir Thomas Vaugham, & sir Richard Hawes at Pomfret, and William Lord Hastings in the Tower of London, all in one day. He was crowned at Westminster on the 7. day of july. After this were taken for Rebels against the King, Robert Rufe, Sergeant of London, Willia● Davy Pardoner, john Smith Groom of King Ed●wards stirrup, and Stephen Ireland wardroper in 〈◊〉 Tower, with many other, who were charged th● they had sent writings into Britain to the Earl● of Richmond, and of Pembroke, and also that they minded to have stolen out of the Tower Prince Edward and his brother, for the which they we●● drawn from Westminster to the Tower-hill, and there all four beheaded. Thomas Norland, Shrive. William Mattin, Shrive. Robert Bylisdon, Haberdasher, Mayor. Duke of Buckingham conspired. Grudge began between King Richard and ● Duke of Buckingham, insomuch that the Du●● conspired with divers Noble men against hi● intending to bring into the land Henry Earl Richmond, as heir to the Crown: for wh● conspiracy the Duke of Buckingham was beheaded at Sarisbury. Fire at leaden Hall. 1484 An, reg, 2. The 30. of December, was a great fire at l●●●den Hall in London, where through was burn much housing, and all the stocks for guns 〈◊〉 other provision belonging to the City. K. Richard began the high Tower at Westmin●ter. Richard Chester, T. Britain, Shrives'. Three Shrives' & 3. Majors in one year. Ralph Austry, Shrive. Thomas Hill Grocer, William Stocker Draper, john Ward Grocer, Majors. This Thomas Hall builded the Conduit in Grace street. King Richard being lodged in the City of Lon●on at the Wardrobe, sent for sundry Aldermen, ●d head commoners of the City, & instanced them 〈◊〉 lend him certain sums of money, upon suffici●t pledges, of the which persons he had granted of ●me 100 li. some 100 ma. some 40. li. or 50. mar. 〈◊〉 assigned a Chapplen named Chaterton, to deli● the pledges, after the value of the sums bor●ned, whereof was parcel, an helment of King Edward's, with the garnishing of gold, stone, and pearl, certain cups of gold, also garnished with stone and pearl, and the twelve Apostles of silver and guilt, garnishing of his Chapel, etc. For the which kindness showed unto him by the Cit●ens, he gave unto the Chamber of London a 〈◊〉 cup with a cover of gold, garnished with cerone Kalaxes, Diamonds and Pearl, the which ●s valued at an hundred mark, but the money 〈◊〉 him thus borrowed, was never repaid by his ●yes, nor the pledges redeemed. Colingborne Esquire, Collingborne apprehended. was drawn from West●inster to the Tower of London, and there on the 〈◊〉 headed and quartered. Sir Roger Clifford Knight, 1415 An, reg, 3 and one Forrescue ●re drawn through London, and at Saint Mar●es le grand, Sir Roger would have broke from the Shrives' and taken Sanctuary, but the Shrives' took him again: and had him to the Tower hill, where he was beheaded, and Fortesc● had his pardon. M. Earl of Richmond arrived. Henry Earl of Richmond, jasper Earl of Pembroke, his uncle, the Earl of Oxford, and many other Knights and Esquires, with a small company of Frenchmen, landed at Milford han● on the 6. of August, whose coming when it w●● heard of in Wales, divers Noble men with the● retinue gathered to him in great number. And th● marching against King Richard at a village called Bosworth near to Leicester, Battle at Bosworth. he met with his enemies the 22. of August, where between them wa● fought a sharp battle, in conclusion whereof, King Richard with divers others were slain and king Henry obtained a noble victory, and immedi●ately the Lord Stanley crowned him King of Eng●land in the field, with the crown which was t●●ken of King Richard's head. Richard was buried in the Grey Friars Church at Leicester, when he had held the crown two years and two months. Henry Earl of Richmond. HEnry the seventh borne in Pembroke castle, began his reign the 22. An, reg, 1 of August, in the year 1485. He was a Prince of marvelous wisdom, policy, justice, temperance, and gravity, and notwithstanding many and great occasions of trouble and war, he kept his Realm in right good order, for the which he was greatly reverenced of foreign Princes. On the 22. of August, Parson of S. Mildred's burnt. was a great fire in Bredstréete of London, in the which fire was burnt the Parson of S. Mildred's, and one other man in the Parsonage there. The sweeting sickness began the 21. of September, and continued to the end of October. Sweeting sickness whereof died in London 2. Majors and 4. Aldermen. Of the which sickness a wonderful number died, and in London (besides other) died Thomas Hill Maior, in whose place was chosen William Stocker, who likewise deceased about 7. days after, In which space departed four Aldermen. T, Ilam, R. Rowson, T. Norland, and john Stocker, and then was chosen Mayor, john Ward, who continued till the feast of Simon and jude. john Tate, shrive. john Swan, shrive. Sir Hugh Brice Maior. The 30. of October, Coronation First Yeomen of the Guard. King Henry was crowned at Westminster, he ordained a number of chosen archers to give daily attendance on his person, whom he named Yeomen of the Guard. jove to the King. An, reg. 2. King Henry sent unto the Lord Mayor of London, requiring him and his Citizens of a priest of 6000. marks. Wherefore the Mayor with his Brethren and Commons granted 2000 pound, which priest was repaid again the next year following. Wheat & bay salt at a great price. Wheat was sold for 3. s. the bushel, and bay salt at the like price. The Cross in Cheap was new builded. john Percivall, Shrive. Hugh Clopton, Shrive. Henry Collet Mercer Maior. john Percivall being the majors Carver, was by Hugh Brice late Mayor, chosen Shrive of London for the year following. The king married Elizabeth the eldest daughter all Edward the fourth, by which means the two families of York and Lancaster were united. K. Henry married. 1487 Stoke field by Francis Lovel. An, reg. 3 Francis Lovel and Humphrey Stafford rebelled in the North: which commotion was quieted by the Duke of Bedford: there was slain john Earl of Lincoln, the Lord Lovel, Martin Swart, and other there above four thousand. This battle was sought high to a village called Stoke. Prince Arthur. On the twenty one of September Queen Elizabeth brought forth her first son named Arthur. john Fenkill, Shrive. William Remington. Shrive. William Horn Salter, Maior. King Henry coming to London, made W. Horn Mayor of London, and john Percivall Alderman, Knights, betwixt Hornsey and Iseldon. A priest for the King, in the City of London of 4000 pound, and shortly after was another priest of 2000 pound, which were both repaid again the next year. William Isaake, Shrive. Ralph Tinle●, Shrive. Robert Ta●e Mercer Maior. A task of the tenth penny of all men's goods and lands was granted to K. 148● Earl o● North●mberland slain. An, reg, 5. Henry to aid the Duke of Britain against the French King, through which task the commons of the North made all insurrection, and slew the Earl of Northemberland, wherefore john Achamber their Captain, with other, were hanged at York. William Capel, Shrive. john Brooke, Shrive. William White Draper Ma●or. Roger Shavelocke a Tailor within Ludgate of London, being a ma● of great wealth, 1490 An, reg, 6. flew himself, for whose goods was great business between the King's Almoner, and the Shrives' of London. H. Coote, ●. Revil, Shrive. Hugh Pemberton, Shrive. john Matthew Mercer Maior. King Henry required a benevolence, 1491 Henry the King's son borne. An, reg, 9 Conduit grace street. which was granted towards his journey into France. Henry the King's second son, borne at Gréenwich the 22. of june. The Conduit in Grace street was begun to be builded by the Excecutors of Thomas Hill, late Mayor. Dearth of corn. Wheat was sold at London for twenty pence the bushel. Thomas Wood, Shrive. William Browne, Shrive. Hugh Clopton Mercer Maior. This Hugh Clopton during his life a Bachelor, builded a stone bridge at Stratford upon Anon. Stone bridge at Stratford upon Anon. 1●92 An, reg 8. King Henry took his voyage into France with a great Army to aid the Britons against the French King. William Purchase▪ Shrive. William Welbecke, Shrive. William Martin Skinner Maior. King Henry returned into England. Two Pardon ●s were set on the Pillory in Cornhill three market days, for forging of false pardons, and for that one of them had feigned himself to be a Priest, he was sent to Newgate, where he died: the other was driven out of London with shame enough. 1493 fray against the stillyard men. A riot made upon the Easterlings or Stillyard men by Mercer's servants, and others of the City of London, for the which many of them were sore punished. Robert Fabian, shrive. john Winger, shrive. Sir Ralph Austrie Fishmonger Maior. This Ralph Austrie roofed with timber, & covered with lead the Parish Church of S. Martin in the Vintry, and also glazed the same Church, etc. K. Henry feasteth the Mayor of London. King Henry holding his royal feast at Christmas at Westminster, on the twelfth day feasted the Mayor of London Ralph Austry and his brethren the Aldermen & Commoners: after dinner he dubbed the Mayor Knight, and caused him & his brethren to tarry & behold the disguise, & other disports in the night following, showed in the great hall, hanged with arras, & staged all along on both sides, which disports being ended, the K. Queen, and Ambassadors, and other States, being set at a Table of stone, 60. Knights & Esquires served 60 dishes to the King's mess, and as many to the Queens (neither fish nor flesh) & the Mayor with 24. dishes to his mess of the same manner service, with sundry wines in most plenteous wise: Finally, the King and Queen being conveyed into the Palace, the Mayor with his company, in barges returned, and came to London by the break of the next day. Wheat was sold at London at 6. d. the bushel, 1494 An, reg, 10 Salt and wheat at low price. Wine cheap. bay salt for 3. d. half penny. Nantwich salt for six pence the bushel, white herring for 6. s. the barrel, red herring at 3. s. the cade, red sprats 6. d. the Cade, and Gascoine wine at 6. l. the tun. Nicholas Alwine, Shrive. john Warner, Shrive. Richard Chaurie Salter Maior. Sir William Stanley was beheaded on tower hill. White herring being good, were sold for 3. s. 4. d. the barrel at London. Perkin Warbeck arrived at Deal in Kent, where, when he and his company, saw they could have no comfort of the country, 1495 Perkin Warbeck. they withdrew to their ships again, but the Mayor of Sandwich with certain commons of the country, vickered with the residue that were upon the land, and took alive of them 169. persons, who were hanged in Kent, Essex, Sussex▪ and Norfolk. An, reg, 11. Thomas Knesworth, Shrive. Henry Summer, Shrive. Sir Henry Coliet Mercer Maior. The 16. of November was holden the sergeant feast at the Bishop's place of Ely in Holborn, where dined the King, Queen, and all the chief Lords of England. 1496 Intercourse An, reg, 12. In April was concluded an amity and intercourse between this land and the country of Flanders, etc. The Scots entered England, and by the setting on of Perkin Warbeck did much harm. john Shaw, Shrive. Richard Haddon, Shrive. Sir john Tate Mercer Maior. S. Anthony's in London. This john Tate newly builded and enlarged S. Anthony's Church in London, a College of a goodly foundation▪ with a free School, and certain alms houses for ●oore men. Sir Reignald Bray, with others of the King's Counsel, declared to the Mayor of London, that the K. desired to borrow of the Citizens 10000 li. The Mayor desired respite till the 5. day following, at which time was assembled at the guildhall, A loan to the King. the common counsel, & thither came the forenamed sir Reignald Bray with other of the King's Council, at which day with great submission and prayer made unto them to be good means for the City unto the King's Grace: the commons lastly granted to lend unto the King 4000 li. which of his Grace was well and thankfully accepted▪ and truly repaid. By means of a Parliament that was granted to the King, 1497 Blackheath field. a commotion was made by the Commons of Cornwall, which under the leading of james Lord Audley, with Michael a Blacksmith, and other came to Blackheath, where the King met with them, discomfited and took their Captains, there was slain of the rebels about 300. and taken about 1500. The Lord Audley was beheaded on the Tower-hill, the Blacksmith and Flamocke were hanged headed, and quartered at Tyburn. The King sent an Army into Scotland under the Earl of Surrey, and the Lord Nevell, which made sharp war upon the Scots. Hailstones 18. inches. An, reg, 13. Perkin besieged Excester. In Bedfordshire at the Town of S. Needs, fell hailstones 18. inches about. Perkin Warbeck landed in Cornwall, went to Bodman, where being accompanied with three or four thousand men, he proclaimed himself King Richard the fourth, second son to Edward the fourth. From thence he went to Exeter and besieged it, which City was valiantly defended by the inhabitants, but many of the rebels being slain, they withdrew them to Taunton, from thence Perkin fled to Bewdley, where he took sanctuary, and was after taken and pardoned his life. Bartholomew Reed, shrive. Thomas Windought, shrive. William Purchas Mercer Maior. Perkin brought to London. Perkin Warbeck was conveyed upon horseback through Cheap and Cornhill unto the Tower of London, and from thence back again through Candlewick street to Westminster with much wondering. 1498 All the Gardens in Moor field, which had continued time out of mind, were destroyed, and of them was made a plain field for archers to shoot in. Thomas Bradbury, Shrive. Stephen jenings, Shrive. Sir john Percivaile Tailor Maior. An, reg, 14. Feigned Earl of Warwick. A shoemakers son was hanged at S. Thomas Watering for naming himself to be Edward Earl of Warwick son to George Duke of Clarence, which Edward Earl of Warwick, was then kept secret prisoner in the Tower of London. 1499 An, reg, 15 Wine, salt and wheat cheap. Gascoine Wine was sold at London for 40. s. the tune. A Quarter of wheat 4. s. and bay salt 4. d. the bushel. james wilford, Shrive. Richard Brond, Shrive. Nicholas Alwine Mercer Maior. Perkin Warbeck and john a Water were executed at Tyburn. The Earl of warwick beheaded. Edward Plantagenet Earl of Warwick son to George Duke of Clarence, was beheaded at Tower hill. Shortly after Blewet & Astwood were hanged at Tyburn. john Hawes, shrive. William Stead, shrive. William Remington Fishmonger, Mayor. The King builded new his Manor at Sheen, 1500 An, reg, 16. and named it Richmond. He also new builded Bainard's Castle in London, and repaired Gréenwich. Laurence Ailmer, Shrive. Henry Heed, Shrive. john Shaw Goldsmith Maior. The Mayor caused his brethren the Aldermen to ride from the guildhall unto the water side, An, reg, 17. when he went to Westminster to be presented in the Exchequer. He kept his feast in Guildhall, whereas before the majors feast had been kept in the majors house, majors feasts in the Guild hall. or in the Grocers or Tailor's hall: He afterwards caused the Archhouse, and other houses of Office to be builded at the guildhall, where since the feasts have been usually kept. This Mayor every afternoon held a Court, and called before him matters, & redressed them without expense of money: he was a man of sharp wit & bold spirit, by reason of the favour he stood in with the King, Queen, and other estates, insomuch that he was sworn one of the King's Counsel. The 14. Prince Arthur married. 1502 of November Prince Arthur was married in S. Paul's Church at London to Katherine daughter to Ferdinando King of Spain, which Arthur the 2. of April deceased at Ludlow, and was buried at Worcester. The 25. james King of Scots & Margaret the King's daughter of England assured. of january at Paul's cross was published the assurance of james King of Scots, and of the Lady Margaret, eldest daughter to King Henry of England, in rejoicing whereof Te Deum was sung, bonfires made through the City, and at 12. of the bonfires were set 12. hogsheads of Gascoine to be drunk of all men freely. The dike called Turnmill brook, and all the course of Fleet dike, Dikes of London cleansed. An, reg, 18. and other, were so scou●● down to the Thaines, that boats and fish, & fewe● were rowed up to Holborn bridge, as they had of old time been accustomed. Henry Kebel, Shrive. Nicholas Ninns, Shrive. Bartholomew Reed, Goldsmith Maior. King's chapel at westminster. The Chapel of our Lady at Westminsterd a Tavern near adjoining, were put down, in which place a most beautiful Chapel is builded by King Henry the seventh. Queen Elizabeth died. Kings of England brethren to the Merchant Tailors. Elizabeth Queen of England died in childbed and was buried at Westminster. King Henry the seventh being himself a bro●ther of the Tailors, and linen Armourers in London, as divers of his predecessors Kings before him had been: (to wit) Richard the third, Ed●●●● the fourth, Henry the sixth, Henry the fifth, H● the fourth, and Richard the second. Also Du● 11. Earls 28. and Lords ●5. He now ga● them by this great Charter the Title of M●●●chant Tailors, as a name of worship to end● for ever. The 8. of August, james the 4. King of Sco● married Margaret the eldest daughter to He● the 7. An, reg, 19 at Edenbrough. Christopher Hawes, Shrive. Robert Wats, T. Granger, Shrive. Sir Willlam Capell, Draper, Maior. The 21. of November at night, a perilous fire began upon London bridge near Saint Magnus' Church, where 6. tenements were burnt. The 7. of Februry certain houses more consumed with ●●e against S. Buttelphes Church in Thames street. The 29. of january began a Parliament at Westminster. Edmond Dudley was speaker for the Commons, An aid to the King. wherein was granted to the King of lands, 6. d. in the pound, and of goods valued ten marks 6. d. and so upwards, which in all rose to the quantity of a Fifteen. A new coin is ordained, that is to say, great ●nd half great, which bore but half faces, 1504 An, reg, 20. A new coin & some greater of the value, 12. d. were coined. Robert Acheley, shrive. William Browne, shrive. john Winger Grocer Mayor. The prisoners of the Marshalsey in Southwark ●●ake out, Prisoners broke out, 1505 An, reg, 11. and many of them being shortly after taken, were put to execution, especially those that ●●d lain for felony. Richard Shore, Shrive. Roger Grove, Shrive. Thomas Knesworth Fishmonger Mayor. This Thomas Knesworth builded the Conduit at Bishopsgate, Conduit at Bishopsgate he gave to the Fishmongers certain tenements, for the which they be bound to find four scholars at Oxford, & at Cambridge, every of them 4. pound the year. Also to give to twenty aged poor people of their Company to every of them a winter garment for ever. Also to give the prisoners of Ludgate and Newgate, every year 40. s. King of Castille landed. 1506 An, reg, 22. Philip King of Castille, and his wife were w●●ther driven into England as they were passing toward Spain, who were honourably received 〈◊〉 the Earl of Arundel. William Copinger, shrive. Thomas johnson, shrive. These Shrives' being presented before the ●●rons of the Exchequer, one William Copinger was admitted and sworn, but Thomas Iohn● was put back, till they knew further of the Ki●● pleasure. On the 10. of October, a commandment was brought from the King to the 〈◊〉 Maior, Shrives' & Mayor of London chosen by the King's commandment. that he should cause an election to be 〈◊〉 for a new Shrive, at which day came into 〈◊〉 Guild hall M. Edmond Dudley, the King's P●●dent, and there showed the King's letters that 〈◊〉 Commons should name for the Kings please William Fitz William, Merchant Taylor, and ●●derman for the year ensuing, which with 〈◊〉 difficulty was granted. This William fitz Wil● for the King's gracious favour to be Shrive 〈◊〉 year, gave to the King 100 pound in ready ●●ney, and he was afterward of counsel to H● the eight. Sir Richard Haddon Mercer, was also M●● by the King's commandment. Fire in Warwick lane. 1507 An, reg, 23. Sir Richard Haddon Mercer Maior. About Christmas was a Baker's house in w●●wicke lane burnt, with the mistress of the ho●● and two women servants. In Lent the King delivered all prisoners London, which lay for xl. s. or under. William Butler, Shrive. john Kerkeby, Shrive. William Brown Mercer Maior. Who deceased the 22. of March, 1508 An, reg, 24 and forthwith Laurence Ailmer Draper was elected and ●orne, he took his oath at the Tower, and kept 〈◊〉 feast. This year Sir William Caple was commaun●●d to ward by Empson and Dudley, Aldermen of London put in suit. and put in ●it by the King for things by him done in his ma●altie, for that (he was charged) that false mo●y had come to his sight, and had not done due punishment upon the party that to him was accused to be the coiner of it: but were this true or not, for that he would fall to no agreement, he was by Derby and Sympson, and other of their compa●●, whereof there was a jury (bound to the ●●dles of Dudley and Empson) indicted, and after by Dudley put in prison, some while in the ●●unter, some time in the Shrives' house, while William Butler was Shrive, and then delivered unto Thomas Exmew, and forasmuch as he would not agree to pay the King 2000 li. was commanded to the Tower, where he lay, till at length he was let go free. Also Thomas Knesworth that had been Mayor, and his Shrives' Robert Shore, and Roger Grove, were sent to the King's Bench, under the custody 〈◊〉 Sir Thomas Brandon, where they were put to their fine of 2000 pound. The City of Norwich was sore perished, and near consumed with fire, Norwich burned. for (as some have wrighten) there was more than 160. houses consumed with most part of their goods. Stephen Genings Mayor, Merchant tailor by the King's letters for his election. Thomas Exmew, Shrive. Richard Smith, Shrive. This Stephen Genings founded a free Grammar School at Woluerhampton in Sta●●shire, etc. 1509 Hospital of Savoy. This year was finished the goodly Hospital of the Savoy near unto Charing Cross, whi●● was a notable foundation for the poor, done by King Henry the seventh, unto the which be pur●chased lands for the relieving of 100 poor people. More by Indenture septipartite, dated the 19 year of his reign, he established three Monks▪ Doctors, or Bachelors of Divinity to sing, and to preach in Westminster Church divers fea●● and every Sunday for ever. Sermons founded. An anniversary yearly of 20. li. to be distributed to the poor by 2. 〈◊〉 piece, to 13. poor men, and 3. poor women, founded by him in an alms house for the same poor men & women, provided in the said Monastery 12. d. a year. Also a weekly obit, and each of th●● to give to 140. poor people, each one a penny. Eig●● brethren converses, to be found meat, drink● clothing & lodging for ever. Three scholars 〈◊〉 kept at the University, 10. li. the year to each 〈◊〉 ever. The 13. poor men one to be a Priest ag●● 45. years, a good Grammarian, the other 12. to 〈◊〉 aged 50. years, every Saturday the Priest 〈◊〉 receive of the Abbot or Prior, four pence the day, and each other two pence half penny the day for ever, for their sustenance, and every year to each ●●e a gown, and a hood ready made, and to 3. women to dress their meat, and keep them in their 〈◊〉, each to have every Saturday 16. d. and ●uery year a gown ready made: more to the 13. ●●re men yearly 80. quarters of coals, & 1000 〈◊〉 good faggots to the use of their hall, and kitchen 〈◊〉 their mansion. A discreet Monk to be overseer to them, to have 40. s. the year, etc. And to this 〈◊〉 Abbot and Prior to be sworn. King Henry died at Richmond the 22. of April, Henry the seventh deceased. ●hen he had reigned 23. years, and 8. months, ●nd was buried at Westminster, in the new chapel which he caused to be builded. He left issue Henry Prince of Wales, which succeeded in the kingdom, Lady Margaret Queen of Scots, and lady Mary, promised to Charles King of Castille. Henry the eight. HEnry the eight at the age of eighteen years began his reign the two and twentieth of April. An, reg. 1. The King married & crowned. Anno 1509. Of parsonage he was tall and mighty, in wit & memory excellent. The 3. of june he married la●y Katherine his first wife: who had been late wife 〈◊〉 Prince Arthur deceased. On midsummer day the ●ing & Queen were crowned at Westminster. George Monex, shrive. john Dogget, shrive. Thomas Bradbury Mercer, the 18. of October. Sir William Capell Draper, the 12. of januarie, majors. Sir Richard Emson Knight, and Edmond Dudley Esquire, 1510 Emson & Dudley executed. An. reg. 2. who had been great Counsellors to Henry the seventh, were beheaded on Tower hill, th● 18. of August. This Edmond Dudley in time of his imprisonment, compiled a Book entitled the 〈◊〉 of Common wealth. john Milborne, shrive. john Rest, shrive. Henry Kebel Grocer Maior. This Henry Kebel builded Aldermary Church in London, and did many other works of charity in his life. Henry the King's first son was borne on Ne● years day, but died on S. Matthewes day n● following. 1511 An, reg, 3. Nicholas Shelton, shrive. Thomas Mirfyn, shrive. 1512 An, reg. 4. Roger Acheley Draper Maior. The Navies of England and France mée● at Britain Bay, fought a cruel battle, in wh●●● the Regent of England, and a Caricke of Fra●● being grappeled together were burned, and the Captains with their men all drowned, the Eng●lish Captain was Sir Thomas Knevet, who● with him 700. men. In the French Carike, 〈◊〉 Sir Piers Morgan, with xi. hundred men. john Collet Deane of Paul's, erected one 〈◊〉 School in Paul's Churchyard in the year● 1512 for poor men's children to be taught free, etc. Paul's School. Robert Holdernes, shrive. Robert Fenrother, shrive. William Copinger, Fishmonger Maior. Sir Richard Haddon Mercer Maior. The steeple and the lantern on Bow Church in Cheap, was this year finished. Bow steeple builded. In june the King with a great army in person went into France, 1513 An, reg, 5 Turwin & Turney won. Scots field at bramston called Floden field. and there conquered Turwin the 22. of August, and took the City of Turney by appointment, the 29. of of September. In this time james king of Scots invaded this land with a mighty army, but by the diligence of the Queen, with the policy and manhood of the Earl of Surrey, the King's Lieutenant, he was himself slain at Bramstone with 3. Bishops, 3. Abbots, 12. Earls, 18. Lords, besides Knights & Gentlemen, & eighteen thousand Scots, and all the ordinance & stuff taken the 9 of September. john Dawes, john Bridges, Shrive. Roger Basford, Shrive. William Brown Mercer, Maior. Sohn Tate Mercer. Maior. The seventh of August peace was proclaimed between the King of England & France during their lives. 1514 An, reg, 6. All the hedges within one mile of London every way were pulled down, All fields laid open about London. and the ditches filled up in a morning by a number of young men, Citizens of London, because those inclosers had been hindrance to their shooting. In October a marriage was made between Lewis the 12. King of France, and Lady Mary the King's sister of England. james Yerford, Shrive. john Munda●, Shrive. George Monox Draper Maior. This George Monox repaired the parish Church of Waltham-stowe in the County of Essex, and founded there an alms house for the poor men and women, and a free school for children. Richard Hun a Merchant Tailor of S. Margaret's parish in Brigestréete, Richard Hun hanged. who had been put in the Lollards Tower about the end of October, was now the 5. of December, found hanged in the said Tower, and after burned in Smithfield. 1515 An, reg, 7. On New years Even died the French K. Lewis the 12. And the 9 of April a n●w peace was concluded between the King of England, and Frances the new King of France. In the month of May Charles Duke of Suffolk, Duke of Suff●lke m●●●ed. Lady Mary the King's daughter. 1516 An, reg, 8. ●●dded the Lady Mary the king's sister, late Queen of France. Henry Worley, Shrive. Richard Grace, W. Baily, Shrive. William Butler Grocer Maior. Lady Mary King Henry's daughter was borne at Greenwich on the xi. of February. Margaret Queen of Scots, King Henry's eldest sister, who had after the death of her first husband (james King of Scots slain at Bramston) married Archibald Douglas Earl of Anguish, fled into England, Queen of Scots fled. and lay at Harbottle, where she was delivered of a child called Margaret. Thomas Seimer, Shrive. john Th●●ston, Shrive. john roast Grocer Mayor. The Thames was frozen, Great frost 1517 An, reg, 9 This was called the ill May day many years after. that men with horse and carts might pass betwixt Westminster and Lambeth. On May even was an insurrection of young persons and apprentices of London against Aliens, of the which divers were hanged, with their Captain john Lincoln a Broker, the residue to the number of 400. men, and 11. women tied in ropes all along, one after another in their shirts, came to Westminster hall with halters about their necks and were pardoned. Margaret Queen of Scots returned into Scotland, to the Earl of Anguish her husband. Queen of Scots returned. Thomas Baldry, Shrive. Ralph Simon, Shrive. Sir Thomas Exmew Goldsmith Maior. Many died in E●gland of the sweeting sickness, & especially about London, 1518 Sweeting sickness. wherefore Trinity term was one day at Oxford, and then adjourned to Westminster. The City of Turney was delivered to the French King. An, reg, 10 john All●n, shrive. james Spencer, shrive. Thomas Mirsine Skinner Maior. The Earl of Surrey was sent into Ireland, 1519 An, reg, 11. as 〈◊〉 there, and the Earl of Kildare was 〈…〉 of that office. Cardinal Campaius. In july Cardinal Campaius came into England from the Pope, to exhort King Henry to make wars on the Turks. john Wilkinson, Shrive. Nicolas Partridge, Shrive. Sir james Yarfords', Mercer, Maior. 1520 An, reg, 12. As K. Henry was at Canterbury with the Queen in readiness to have passed the sea, he heard of the Emperor Charles coming, with whom he met at Dover, & accompanied him to Canterbury, where after the Emperor had saluted the Queen his aunt, King Henry went to Calais. he took shipping into Flanders. The last day of May King Henry passed over to Calais, and met with Francis the French King at the Camp between Arde and Guines, where were many great triumphs and goodly sights. immediately after he met with the Emperor, with whom he went to Gravelin, and the Emperor returned with him to Calais, where he had great cheer. john Skenington, shrive. john Kyeme shrive. Sir john Burges Draper Maior. The 27. of May was Edward Duke of Buckingham beheaded. 1521 An, reg, 13 The King made defender of the Faith. Alms houses by the Crotchet Friars. King Henry wrote a book against Luther, and therefore the Bishop of Rome named him defender of the Faith. john Britain, Shrive. Thomas Pergetter, Shrive. Sir john Milborne Draper Maior. This sir john Milborne builded certain alms houses adjoining to the Crotched friars church in London, wherein he placed 14. aged poor people. The 6. of March the French King attached all Englishmen goods. Frenchmen attached. And all Frenchmens bodies and goods were attached at London. Charles the 5. Emperor, came into England, 1522 An, reg, 14 The Emperor came to London. & was honourably received into London by the Maior Aldermen, & commons of the City the 6. of june, the King accompanying him: from thence he went to Windsor, and sat in the Stall of the Garter. After great feasts, jousts, and honourable entertainment, he departed to Hampton, and sailed from thence into Spain. During this time the Earl of Surrey, Lord Admiral, burnt Morles in Britain, not long after entered Picardy & burned divers towns & castles john Rudstone, Shrive. john Champneis, Shrive. Sir john Monday Goldsmith Maior. The Lord Rosse, & the Lord Dacres of the North burned the town of Kelsey in Scotland, with 80. villages, and overthrew 18. Towers of stone. The Emperor Charles, King Henry, & Ferdinando Duke of Ostrich, the Pope, the City of Venice, and divers others in Italy, were confederate against the Frenchmen. The Turks besieged the I'll of Rhodes, The Turks took the Rhodes. 1523 & on Christmas day took it, to the rebuke of Christendom, for their dissension and negligence. The Earl of Surrey burned 37. villages in Scotland, despoiled the Country from the East Marches to the West. Parliament at the black Friars. A Parliament at the Black Friars in London, wherein was granted a great Subsidy. Christ●en King of Denmark and his Quéen● arrived at Dover, the 22. of june. came to London, An, reg, 15 The King of Denmark arrived. and were lodged in the Bishop of Bathe● place. The Duke of Suffolk was sent into France with an army of 10000 men, who passing the water of Some without battle, took diver Towns and Castles. Michael English, shrive. Nicholas jenings, shrive. Sir Thomas Baldry Mercer Maior. Conspiracy at Coventry 1524 An, reg, 16. In December at the City of Coventry, Fra●●cis Philip, Christopher Pickering, and Anthon● Mainyle intended to have taken the King's trea●sure of his subsidy, as the same came towards London, therewith to have raised men, and to have taken the castle of Killingworth, and then to h●●● made battle against the King, for the which they were drawn, hanged, and quartered at Tyburn, the other of their conspiracy were executed at Coventry. Ralph Dodmer, Shrive. William Roch, Shrive. Sir William Baoly Draper Maior. 1525 The 9 of March was great triumph made in England, for the taking of the French King before the City o●●auie. Priories suppressed. Greenwich to were builded. Cardinal Wolsey obtained licence of the Pope to surpr●sie certain small Priories, to the intent to erect two Colleges at Oxford and Ipswich. The Tower of Greenwich was builded. A truce between England and France. john Caunton, shrive. Christopher ●skew, shrive. Sir john Allen Mercer Maior. The xi. of February four Merchants of the Stilyard did penance at Paul's, & Doctor Barnes bore a faggot. This year 1526. Charles the son of Gilb●rt Earl of Moun●pensier, 1526 Rome taken and sacked by the duke of Bourbon. who not long before had married the Lady jane, sole heir to the Duchy of Bourbon, in whose right he was Duke of Bourbon, upon private discontent revolted from his King Charles the 8. and then served under the Emperor, & the King of England, and after that the said Duke the year aforesaid besieged Rome & sacked it, did great spoils & extremities unto the Clergy, forced the Pope to fly into Castle-Angelo, but himself was there slain by a Friar, with the shot of a Caliver. The 6. of September was proclamation for gold, the French Crown 4. s. 6. d. The Angel 7. s. 6. d. The Royal 11. s. 3. d. etc. Stephen Peacock, Shrive. Nicholas Lambert, Shrive. Sir Thomas Seymer Mercer Maior. In November, December, & january, 1527 An, reg, 19 Extreme rain and drought. fell such rain, that thereof ensued great floods, which destroyed corn fields, pasture, & beasts. Then was it dry till the 12. of April, & from that nime it reigned every day and night till the 3. of june. Such scarcity of bread was at London, and all England, that many died for default thereof. Great famine. The bread carts coming from Stratford towards London, were met at the Miles end by the citizens, so that the Mayor & Shrives' were forced to go & rescue the same, & to see them brought to the markets appointed. Wheat was then at xv. s. the quarter. Shortly after the Merchants of the Stilyard, brought from Dansk such store of wheat & rye that it was better cheap at London, then in any other part of the Realm. john hardy, Shrive. William Hollis. Shrive. Sir james Spencer Vintner, Mayor. A French Craer of 30. tun, being manned with 38. Frenchmen, and a Flemish Craer of 27. tun, and 24. 1528 An, reg, 20. A ship chased to the Tower wharf. Flemings, meeting at Margate, the one chased the other along the River of Thames to the Tower-wharf of London, where Sir Edmond Walsingham Lieutenant of the Tower stayed them, and took their Captains and men. The xvii. of june, the term was adjourned till Michaelmas, Sweeting sickness. because of the sweeting sickness that then reigned, & there was no such watch in London at Midsummer, as before had been accustomed. Ralph Warren, Shrive. john Long. Shrive. Sir john Rudstone Draper, Maior. 1529 An, reg. 21. Cardinal Woolsey. In April, May, june, & july, Cardinal Campaius, with Cardinal Woolsey, sat at the Black friars in London, where before them was brought in question the king's marriage with Queen Katherine, as to be unlawful: but they long time protracted the conclusion of the matter, which delay King Henry took very displeasantly. Cardinal Campaius departed towards Rome, and shortly after Cardinal Woolsey was discharged of the Chancellorship, and the king seized all his goods, with his palace at Westminster, called York palace, into his hands. Sir Thomas Moor was made Chancellor of England. Michael Dormer, Shrives'. Sir Thomas Moor made Chancellor. New testament printed. Walter Champion, Shrive. Sir Ralph Dodmer, Mercer, Maior. William tindal translated the new Testament into English, & printed the same beyond the seas. A peace was agreed between King Henry of England, the Emperor, the Frence King, the King of Boheme, and Hungary. In the month of October the King came to the black Friars, and began there a Parliament. Parliament at Black Friars. King Henry commanded the Bishops to call in Tindals' translation of the new Testament, 1530 An, reg, 23 Suit to the Court of Rome for bidden. and to see another truly translated, to be set forth. King Henry upon occasion of delay made by the Pope in his controversy of divorsment, caused proclamation to be made, forbidding all his subjects to purchase any thing from the Court of Rome. The plague of pest, being hot in the City of London, blue crosses called Per signum Tau, Pest in London. were commanded to be set over the doors of houses infected. It was proclaimed, that no Gascoine wine should be retailed above 8. d. the Galon. Also that taules calved betwixt the first of janury, and the first of May, should not be killed, but reared up. William Dancy, Shrive. Richard chopping, Shrive. Sir Thomas Pargetor Salter Maior. The Cardinal being convict of a praemunire was arrested by the Earl of Northumberland, delivered to the Earl of Shrewsbury, Cardinal Wolley died. and brought to Leicester Abbey, where he deceased the 29. of November, and was there buried. Clergy in the praemunire K Henry supreme head. The whole Clergy of England being judged to be in the praemunire, in their convocation concluded a submission, wherein they called the King supreme head of the Church of England, and were contented to give the King 100000. pound to pardon their offence. 1531 A Cook boiled. An, reg, 23. Richard Rise a Cook was boiled in Smithfield for poisoning divers persons at the Bishop of Rochester's place. The xi. of April seven. men with their horses, and a ferry-man, Thomas Bilney burned. were all drowned at Lambeth. Thomas Bilney was burned at Norwich. Richard Gressam, Shrive. Edward Altam, Shrive. Sir Nicholas Lambert Grocer Mayor. In the month of November, a sergeant feast was held at Ely house in Holborn. Look more in the Survey of London. 1532 An, reg, 24. Monstrous Fishes. The clergy sworn. The 25. of May was taken between London and Greenwich two great Fishes, called Hurl●pooles. The oath which the Clergy had used to make to the Bishop of Rome, was made void by statute, and a new oath confirmed, wherein they confessed the King to be supreme head. Sir Thomas Moor after suit made, was discharged of the Chancellorship. Sir Thomas Moor discharged T. Audley Lord chancellor Coiners executed. The first Duke of Florence. Thomas Audley Knight made Lord Chancellor. Five men were hanged, and quartered at Tower hill, for coining and clipping. This year 1532. Alexander son of Laurence of Medicis, Duke of Vrban, was by the special savour of his uncle, Pope Clement the 7. made the first Duke of Florence. By the advice of his uncle, he governed his country, and exercised great justice upon his people, sat personally in the seat of judgement, and gave sentence, whereby he gained high estimation: he married the emperors daughter, and had no issue, but in the end he inclined to lust, offered violence unto modest Ladies. And for his reward his kinsman Laurence slew him by treason. Anno. 1537. After him succeeded Gosmo de Medicis, who took warning by the others folly, and governed his people very peaceably, and did many acts worthy of memory: he builded a college in Pisa, for the advancement of poor men's children. The King suppressed the Priory of Christ-Church in London, and gave their Church, Christ Church suppressed. place & lands to Sir Thomas Audley. The nineteen. Tower of London repaired. of August William Warham Archbishop of Canterbury deceased. The King repaired the Tower of London. Lady Anne Bullein was made Marchiones of Pembroke. King Henry went to Calais, and so to Bulletin, where he met with the French King. R. Rainold, N. Pichon, Shrive. john Martin, Shrive. Sir Stephen Peacock Haberdasher Maior. The 12. of April being Easter even, the Lady Anne Bolein, who had been privily married to K. Henry, 1538 An reg, 25. Queen Annecrowned. Prince Arthur's widow. Beef and mutton sold by weight. was proclaimed Queen of England, and on Whitsonday with solemnity crowned at westminster. The 5. of july Queen Katherine was proclaimed Prince Arthur's widow. It was enacted that Butchers should sell their beef and mutton by weight, beef for an half penny the pound, and mutton three farthings: at that time fat oxen were sold for 26. s. 8. d. the piece, fat weathers for 3 s. 4. d. the piece, fat Calves the like price, a fat lamb for twelve pence. The Butchers of London sold penny pieces of beef for the relief of the poor, every piece two pound and a half, sometime three pound for a penny, and 13. sometime 14. of those pieces for twelve pence, mutton 8. d. the quarter, and an hundred weight of beef for 4. s. 8. d. Lady Elizabeth borne. The 7. of September between the hours of 3. & 4. of the clock in the afternoon, was the Lady Elizabeth, daughter to K. Henry, borne at Gréenwich, and there christened in the friars Church. William Forman, shrive. Thomas Kitson, shrive. Sir Christopher Asken Draper Maior. A great fish was taken at Black wall, which was brought to Westminster to the King. The holy maid of Kent. The 20. of April Elizabeth Barton a Nun, professed at S. Sepulchres in Canterbury, Edward Bocking, and john Deering, two Monks of Christ's Church in Canterbury. Hugh-Rich, Warden of the Friars observants in Canterbury, and Richard Risby of the same house, Richard Master, Parson of Aldington in Kent, and Henry Gold Priest, were drawn from the Tower of London to Tyburn, and there hanged and headed, etc. for sundry conspiracies in the matter of divorce between the King's Majesty, and Queen Katherine. All the Priests through England, Oath to K. Henry & Queen Anne. called to be sworn to the King, and Queen Anne, and their heirs, before the Archbishop of Canterbury: and all men through England were sworn in their shires and towns where they dwelled: for refusal thereof, john Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, Sir Thomas Moor late Lord Chancellor were sent to the tower of London, divers other Priests religious, and lay men were sent to other prisons. The xv. of May was a great fire at Salter's hall in Bredstreet. The xi. of july Lord Dacres of the North was arraigned at Westminster of high treason, An, reg, 26. Fire in Bredstreet. Lord Dacres arraigned. Friar houses suppressed. Fire at Temple-bar. The King's stables burnt. where he so wittily confuted his accusers, that to their great shame he was not found guilty. The second of August was all the places of the observant Friars, as Greenwich, Canterbury, Richmount, Newarke, and Newcastle, put down. The fourteenth of August was a great fire at Temple bar: the sixteenth of August was burned the King's stable at Charing Cross, wherein were burned many great horses, and great store of hay. Nicholas Lues●●, Shrive. William Denham, Shrive. Sir john Champneis Shinner Maior. The Pope's authority abrogated. In a Parliament at Westminster, the Pope with all his authority was banished this realm, the King to be reputed and taken as supreme head of the Church of England, having full authority to reform all errors, heresies, and abuses in the same. Also the first fruits and tenths of all spiritual dignities and promotions were granted the King, First fruits and tenths. with a subsidy of the laity of twelve pence in the pound. 1537 An, reg, 27. Charterhouse men. The Prior of the Charterhouse at London, the Prior of Bevall, the Prior of Exham, Reinolds a brother of Simon, and john hail Vicar of Thisleworth, were all condemned, drawn, hanged, and quartered at Tyburn the fourth of May. The K. commanded all about his Court to poll their heads, Poled heads and caused his own head to be polled. The 25. of May was in Saint Paul's Church at London examined 19 men and 6. women, borne in Holland, Hollanders heretics. 14. of them were condemned, a man and a woman of th●m were burnt in Smithfield, the other twelve sent to other towns there to be burnt. This was the last Duke of Milan, since which time that City hath been governed by strangers This year 1537. died Francis Sforce the second of that name: this Francis Sforce was the ninth and last Tuke of Milan: he was the son of Lewis Sforce, called the Mo●re: he obtained his Dukedom by means of Prospero Colonno general of the Camp of the league between the Emperor Carolus Quintus, and Pope Leo the tenth, but with great difficulty: he married Christierna daughter to the King of Denmark: he was crowned Duke, Ann: 1523. he reigned with great troubles and vexations, by reason the Emperor had the greater hold, and stronger faction in his country, and was forced to fly: for grief whereof to see his subjects and friends become vassals to the Emperor, and his treasure given to strangers, he fell into a great sickness, with extreme pain in one of his eyes and thereof died, & being opened, his heart was found all dry, and yet notwithstanding his heart was swollen. In his time the Mylanese expelled quite all the French garrisons, with their chief captain Monsieur Lawtrec out of their territories, because of sundry vile practices and misdemeanours, wherewith the French grieved them. Presently upon the death of the Duke, his country became a prey to many governors, and his wife Christians returned into Denmark, and was afterward married unto Anthony Duke of Lorraine: She was highly honoured of all Princes for her accomplished virtues, especial for her singular patience in her unfortunate marriage with her first husband, and her incessant pains and kindness which she performed in his extreme miseries, and long sickness. The 18. of june 3. Monks of the Charter-house of London, Exmew, Middlemore, Monks executed. Bishop of Rochester beheaded. and Ni●igate, were drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged 〈◊〉 quartered. The 22. of june Doctor john Fisher Bishop of Rochester, was beheaded on the tower hill. Sir Thomas Moor beheaded. Abbeys visited. The 6. of july Sir Thomas Moor was beheaded on the tower hill. The King sent Doctor Lee to visit the Abbeys, Priories, and Nunneries in England, who put forth all Religious persons that would go, and all that were under the age of 24. years. Humphrey Monmouth, Shrive. john Cotes, Shrive. jir john Allen Mercer Maior. Charitable deeds. This Sir john Allen, gave to the City of London, a rich collar of Gold to be worn by the Mayor. L. Katherine Dowager. The eight of january died Lady Katherine Dowager at Kimbalton, and was buried at Peterborow. Houses of Religion suppressed. In a Parliament was granted to the King and his heirs, all religious houses of the value of 200 pound, and under, with all lands & goods to them belonging. 1536 An, reg, 28 On May day King Henry being at a Iu● at Greenwich, suddenly departed to We●minster. The next day Lady Anne Queen, was had t● the Tower, & there for things laid to her char●● shortly after beheaded. L. Rochfort executed. The 19 of May the Lord Rochfort, brother to the said Queen, Henry N●ris, Mark Smeton, William Brierton, and Franci● Weston, all of the King's privy chamber, a●bout matters touching the Queen, were put t● death. The 20. of May the King married Lady jane, daughter to Sir john Seimer, King Henry married Lady jane. which at Whitsuntide was openly showed as Queen, and on the Tuesday in the Whitsun week, Sir Edward Seimer was created Viscount Beuchampe. The eight of june began a Parliament, and the Clergy held a convocation in Paul's Church, Articles by the King. Triumph at Westminster. where they published a Book entitled: Articles devised by the King's highness. The nine and twentieth of june, the King held a great justing at Westminster. Thomas Cromwell Secretary to the King, Thomas Cromwell. Vicar general. and master of the Rolls, was made L. Keeper of the privy seal, and Vicar general over the spirituality under the King, and sat divers times in the convocation among Bishops, as head over them. The 22. of july, Henry Duke of Richmond, and Somerset Earl of Northampton, a bastard son of king Henry, died, and was buried at Thetford. L. Cromwell Lord privy Seal and vicegerent, Duke of Richmond. Pater noster, Creed and commandments. sent out under the King's spiritual seal, certain injunctions to the Prelates and Clergy of the Realm: charging Curates to teach their Parishioners the Pater Noster, ave, Creed, and commandments in English. In the beginning of October, Commotion in Lincolnshire. at an assize for the King's subsidy kept in Lincolnshire, the people made an insurrection, and gathered nine & twenty thousand persons. Against those the King did send the Duke of Suffolk, the Earl of Shrewsbury, and the Earl of Rutland, with a strong power, whereof, when the rebels heard they desired pardon broke up their army and departed home, Lincolnshire commotion appeased. A ●riest and a butcher executed▪ Commotion in Yorkshire. but their Captains was apprehended and executed. The 9 of October a Priest and a Butcher were hanged at Windsor, for words speaking in the behalf of the Lincolne-shire-men. After began insurrection in Yorkshire for the same causes, the people gathered to the number of forty thousand. Against those rebels the King sent the duke of Norfolk, the Earl of Shrewsbury & the Marquis of Exeter, with a great army, with whom a battle was appointed to have been fought on the even of S. Simon and Jude, but there fell such rain the night before, that the two Armies could not meet, whereupon they desired the Duke of Norfolk to sue to the K. for their pardon, and that they might have their liberties, Commotion appeased. etc. Which the Duke promised, and rid post to the King, then lying at Windsor, to know his pleasure, and so appeased them. Ask, that was chief of this rebellion came to London, and was not only pardoned but rewarded with gifts. Shrives'. Robert Paget, William Bowyer. Maior. Rir Ralph Warreire Mercer. The Earl of Kildare and his uncles executed. The 22. d. December, the Thames being frozen the King and Queen jane road through London to Greenwich. The third of February was Thomas Fitz Garet, son and heir to the Earl of Kildare beheaded, and five of his uncles, drawn, hanged and quartered at Tyburn. In the same month Nicholas Musgrave, Th. Gilby, and others, stirred a new rebellion and besieged the City of Carlisle, from whence they were driven, and many of them taken and put to death. Also sir Frances Bigot, Sir Robert Constable and others began a conspicacy, and for the same were attainted. The 29. of March, Another conspiracy. were twelve men of Lincoln drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged and quartered. In April through certain Commissions sent into Somersetshire to take up corn, 1584. Lincolne-shire-men executed. An, reg, 29. A commotion in Somersetshire the people began to make an insurrection, which was by master Pawlet & other allayed, the beginners to the number of 60. were condemned, whereof 14. were hanged and quartered, one of them was a woman. In june the Lord Darcy, the Lord Hussey, Sir Robert Constable, Sir Thomas Percy, Sir Frances Bigot, Sir Stephen Hamelton, Sir john Bulmer and his wife, George Lumley, Nicholas Tempell, Robert Ask, William Thrift, Abbot of Fountains, Anthony Abbot of Geruaur, the Abbot of Rivers, William Prior of Birlington, were all put to death: Sir Robert Constable at Hull, over the gate called Beverley gate. Ask hanged on a tower at York, Lady Bulmer burned in Smithfield, Lord Darcy beheaded at tower hill, Lord Hussey at Lincoln, and the other suffered at Tyburn. The 26. of August, the Lord Cromwell was made Knight of the Garter. The 12. of October, Prince Edward borne was borne at Hampton Court, Prince Edward, and Queen jane lost her life the fourteenth of October. john Gresham, Thomas Lewine. Shrives'. Maior. Sir Richard Gresham Mercer. Alwin a Priest, Harsam Customer of Plymouth, and Thomas Evil were hanged and quartered at Tyburn. The 12. of May Friar Forrest was hanged and burnt in Smithfield, for denying the King's supremacy, 1585. An, reg, 30 with him was burnt the image of Daruar Gathering of Wales. The 17. of May was a great fire at S. Margaret Pattens in London, where many houses and nine persons were burned. Edmond Coningsby for counterfeiting the King's sign Manuel, and Edward Clifford for the same cause executed at Tyburn. Hangman hanged. Bible in every Church & a Register book. The first of September was one Cartwell hangman of London, and two other hanged by Clerken well, for robbing a booth in Bartholomew fair. Thomas Cromwell Lord privy Seal, Vicegerent to the K. sent forth injunctions to all Bishops, and Curates through the Realm, charging them to see that in every parish Church the Bible of the largest volume, printed in English, were placed for all men to read on: And that a book of Register were also kept in every Parish Church, wherein should be written every wedding, Christening and burying. Shrives'. William Wilkinson, Nicholas Gibson. Maior. Sir William Forman Haberdasher. Free●chole and alms-houses at Radcliffe. avis Gibson, wife to Nicholas Gibson Grocer, by his licence, founded a free School at Radcliffe near unto London, she also builded there certain almshouses for 14. poor and aged persons. Henry Marques of Excester, Marks of Devonshire executed. Earl of Devonshire, Henry Poole, Lord Montacute and Sir Edward Nevil, the ninth of january were beheaded on Tower hill, two Priests, Crofts, Colens, and Holland a Mariner, were hanged and quartered at Tyburn. The 17. of November, the black Friars in London was suppressed, the next day the white Friars, the Grey Friars, and the Monks of the Charterhouse. john Lambert was burnt in Smithfield. Blacks Friars suppressed. Execution in Paul's Churchyard On Ash-wednesday john Potter and William Mannering hanged in Paul's Churchyard, for killing of Roger Cholmeley Esquire in the same place. The third of March, Sir Nicholas Carew Knight of the Garter, and master of the King's horse, was beheaded at the Tower hill. Margaret Countess of Sarisbury, 1538 An, reg. 13. Gertrude wife to the Marquis of Excester, Reignold Poole, sir Adrian Fortescue, and Thomas Dugley Knights of Saint john's, and divers others were attained by Parliament. And all the religious houses in England, suppressed, and not suppressed, were granted to the King for ever. The eight of May the Citizens of London mustered at the mile end all in bright harness, Great muster at London. with coats of white silk, or cloth, and chains of gold, in three great battles, the number was 15000, besides whifflers and other walkers: who in goodly order passed through London to Westminster, & so through the Sanctuaray, and round about the Park of Saint james, and returned home through Oldborne. The Vicar of Wansworth executed. Clarken well suppressed. The Vicar of Wansworth with his Chaplain, his servant, and Friar War, were hanged and quartered at Saint Thomas Water. The Nunnery of Clarkenwell, the Nunnery of Haliwell, the Priory of Saint Marioveries in Southwark, and Saint Bartholomew in Smithfield, were suppressed. Shrives'. john Fair, Thomas Huntlow. Maior. Sir William Holleys, Mercer. This Sir William Holleys builded the beautiful Cross in the City of Coventry. Coventry Cross. The Register book of Parish Churches. abbots of Reading and Glastenbury executed. Pensioners appointed King Henry married Lady Anne of Cleve. This year 1539. the King commanded great English bibles to be kept in every Church, and also a general Register book for christenings, weddings, and burials, Anno 1539. The Abbot of Reading and two Priests were hanged and quartered at Reading. The same day was Richard Whitting Abbot of Glastenbury hanged and quartered on Tower hill, besides his Monastery, according to an old prophecy. In December were appointed to wait on the King 50. pensioners, or Squires, unto whom was appointed 50. l. the piece yearly. The third of january was the Lady Anne of Cleve received at Blackheath, 1540 and brought to Greenwich, and the sixth of the same month married to King Henry. The Cromwell Earl of Essex. 4. fifteen & a subsidy. An, reg, 32. The thirteenth of April was Thomas Cromwell created Earl of Essex, and made great chamberlain of England. In a Parliament was granted to the King a Subsidy of two shillings the pound of lands, and twelve pence in goods, and four Fiftéens. The Religious order of Knights of S. john's in England, named Knights of the Rhodes, Knights of Rhodes suppressed. was dissolved, whose revenues were wondrous great. In May was sent to the Tower Doctor Wilson, and Doctor Samson Bishop of Chicester, Note. for relieving certain prisoners, which denied the king's supremacy. For the same offence Richard Farmer, Richard Farmer in the praemunire. Grocer of London, a wealthy man, was committed to the Marshalsey, attainted in the praemunire, and lost all his goods. The 9 of july Thomas Lord Cromwell Earl of Essex committed to the Tower of London, L. Cromwell beheaded. K, Henry divorced. Priests burnt and hanged, & others for denying the King's supremacy. the 28. of july he was beheaded on the Tower hillwith the Lord Walter Hungerford. King Henry was divorced from Lady Anne of Cleve. The 30. of july Robert Barnes, Thomas Gerard, William Jerome Priests, were burned in Smithfield The same day Thomas Abel, Edward powel, and Richard Fetherstone were hanged and quartered for denying the King's supremacy. The fourth of August were drawn to Tyburn six persons, & one led. Laurence Cook Prior of Doncaster, William Horn a lay brother of the Charterhouse, Giles Horn Gentleman, Clement Philpot, Edmond Bromham, Derby Kenham, Robert Bird, Geruace Carrow, all put to death for denying the supremacy. The eight of August Lady Katherine Howard was showed openly as Queen at Hampton Court. K. Henry married again. Dry summer. Note. Great drought and a great death of hot burning agues and flixes. The salt water flowed above London bridge. Shrives'. William Laxton, Martin Bowes. Maior. Sir William Roch, Draper. 1541 An, reg. 33 Commotion in Yorkshire. Ralph Egerton, and Thomas Harman put to death for counterfeiting the King's great scale. In April certain persons began a new rebellion in Yorkshire, which were shortly taken and put to execution in divers places, of which, Leigh, Tatersall, and Thronton, were put to death at London, Sir john Nevell Knight, and ten persons more were put to death at York. The misery of Barbarosso K. of Argier, and how he obtained the Crown. Barbarossa the King of Argier, his mother was a Christian, and in his youth through extreme poverty was constrained to wander like a peddler, carrying chéeses and other like mean commodities into Spain to get a poor living, and after that he gave himself to Piracy upon the sea, by which theft he enriched himself, and then consorted with other strong thieves and robbers, by means whereof he grew very strong, and well furnished with many exiles and wicked persons, and then he assailed and surprised Argier which is in Mauritania, otherwise called Barbaria; then he joined with the great Turk, and made fierce wars by sea, wherein he was wondrous fortunate: he did very great damage unto Spain, and chased Foratine Muleasem, the king of Tunis, out of his kingdom; but not being able to Maintain his fortunes against the Emperor Carolus quintus, the King of Tunis and others, by reason he wanted money and skilful warriors, the forenamed Muleasem in the year 1535. was by Carolus quintus re-established in his Kingdom of Tunis: The Christian religion preached in Tunis. for which kindness Muleasem permitted the preaching of the Christian faith, and in the year 1541. Carolus and Muleasem made a strong attempt, either to take or to extirp the forenamed Barbarosso out of his Kingdom of Argier, but it took no effect: yet nevertheless, forasmuch as they had crossed the sea to that intent, they meant to continue the siege which they had already planted before his chief city bordering upon the Sea: but upon the sudden there arose a most great and terrible tempest, with fierce showers of hail and rain, which did the assailants extreme annoyance; which the Argierians well perceiving, issued forth with great courage, & made as great slaughter of their enemies, who were in a manner bea●●, and almost overcome with the fury of the tempest: this was done about the beginning of October the year last mentioned: the Emperor hereupon was constrained instantly to retire with mighty loss of men, ships and galleys. Read Gua●● and Paulus iovius. The Countess of Sarisbury was beheaded in the tower of London. Damport and Chapman, Countess of Sarisbury beheaded. Damport & Chapman hanged, L. Dacres of the South put to death two of the King's guard, were hanged at Greenwich in robbery. The 28. of june, Lord Leonard Grace, Deputy 〈◊〉 Ireland, was beheaded on the Tower hill. The ●●me day were hanged at Saint Thomas Wa●●ings, Mantile, Royden, and Frowds, Gentlemen, for spoil and murder they had done in Nicholas Pelhams' Park, the Lord of Dacres of the South being in company, and on St. Peter's day the Lord Dacres led led from the Tower to Tyburn, and there hanged. Progress to York. In August the King took his Progress towards York. Shrives'. Rowland Hill, Henry Sucley. Maior. Sir M●chaell Dormer, Mercer. Fire at Elsing spittle. On Christmas even at night began a great fire in the house called Elsing spittle nigh Cripplegate in London, which at that time was the house of Sir john Williams. Master of the King's jewels, where many of those jewels were burnt, & more embezzled. The Lady Katherine Howard whom the King had married, for her unchaste living committed with Thomas Culpeper and Francis De●●ham, K. Henry King of Ireland. Queen Katha: beheaded. A maid boilded. was by Parliament attainted, C●lpeper and Derham were put to death at Tyburn. The 2●▪ of january the King was proclaimed king of Ireland. The 13. of February were beheaded with●● the Tower, the Lady Howard, otherwise called Queen Katherine, and the Lady Rochfort. 1542 An, reg, 4. The Earl of Desmond the great Only. Duke of Norfolk entered Scotland. The 17. of March, Margaret Davie was boil●● in Smithfield, for poisoning three households th● she had dwelled in. In the month of August, james Earl of Des●mond in Ireland, submitted himself to the King The first of October the great Only of Ireland was created Earl of Tiron, and his base 〈◊〉 Mathewe Only Baron of Dongaman. 〈◊〉 Duke of Norfolk entered Scotland the 21. 〈◊〉 October, burning & wasting all the Marches, and there tarried till the midst of November. Sir Henry Hublethorne, Henry Amcots. Shrives'. john Coates, Salter. Maior. The King of Scots made a Road into England, and did much harm, but at the last Sir Thomas Wharton, sir William Musgrave, with a few of the borderers met the Scots, where they being in number 15000. were overthrown, Scots overthrown. Maxwell. 1543 An, reg, 35. in which con●●ict was taken the Lord Maxwell, the Earls of ●lencarne and Sassilles, with all the Captains of the Army, & on St. Thomas even were brought into the Tower of London. At new-year-tide they were sent home again. The third of june the Obrine a Lord in Ireland, and divers of the wild Irish submitted them to King Henry, K. Henry married. the said Obrine was created Earl of Clawdicard. The 12. K. Henry married again. An Army into Landersey. of july King Henry married Lady Katherine Parr, late wife to the Lord Latimer. King Henry, sent over 6000. men to Landersey, ●hither also came the Emperor with a great army, and shortly after came down the French K. with a great Army, and offered to give battle to the Emperor, by reason whereof the siege was raised. Anthony Person, Robert Testwood, and Henry Fil●er were burnt at Windsor. A great pestilence was at London, Term at S, Albon. and therefore Michaelmas term was adjourned to Saint Albon. john Towles, Richard Dobson Shrives'. Majors. Sir William Bowyer Draper, Sir Ra. Warren. At Hallontide a road was made into Scotland by the Garrison there, who burned 60. villages, and took great preys. This year chanced four Eclipses, one of the Sun the 24. 4. Eclip. of january, & three of the Moon. Edward Seymer Earl of Hertford was made Lieutenant of the North, and sent thither with an army. german Gardiner. German Gardiner and Lark Parson of Chealsey, were executed at Tyburn for denying the King's supremacy, with them was executed one Singleton, and shortly after Ashby. 1544 House blown up. Sir john Dudley. An, reg, 36. The third of April a Gunpowder house in east Smithfield was blown up, and therein burned 5. men, a boy, and a woman. Sir john Dudley, Viscount Lisle, high Admiral of England, arrived with his Fleet of 200. sail in the Frith of Scotland, where he landed divers of his men, he landed the residue at Lieth, and from thence marched in three great battles, whereof the said Lord Admiral led the vaward, the Ear●● of Shrewsbury the rearward, and Edward Se●mer Earl of Hertford, Lieutenant general of the battle. H●ere they found the Scots to the number of 6000. horsemen, besides many footmen r●●●dy to have stopped their passage, Lieth taken and spoiled. Edinburgh burnt. but after certain shot on both sides, they suddenly leaving their artillery fled towards Edenbrough: then the Englishmen entered the town of Lieth, where th● found such riches as they thought had not been in any town of Scotland. The next day our ar●my went towards Edenbrough, where they beat the Scots from their Ordinance, and so entered the Canigate, and there slew a great number of the Scots, and set fire on the town. The Litany or Procession was by the King commanded to be used in English in every Parish Church. Procession in English. Proclamation was made for the enhancing of gold to 48. shillings, Coins enhanced. Base money coined. and silver to four shillings the ounce. Also the King caused to be coined base moneys. After Whitsuntide the Duke of Norfolk and the Lord Privy seal, with a great army took their voyage toward France, and besieged Mutterell. The Duke of Suffolk with many other Noble men passed the seas, and encamped before Boloin on the east side. The 13. of july, K H. went to Boloin. King Henry with a goodly company passed into France, and encamped on the North side of Boloine, after whose coming the town was so sore battered with gun-shot, that after a months siege, the Captain sent word to the King that they would yield the Town, upon condition that all which were within, might depart with bag and baggage, and the Bulloiners departed to the number of four thousand, four hundred fifty and four. The 25. of September the K. with his Nobility entered into high Boloine, & after turned from thence, landed at Dover the first of October. john Wilford, Andrew judde. Shrives'. Sir William Laxton, Grocer. Maior. free schools at Oundale. This William Laxton founded a free School at Dundale in Northamptonshire, he also builded there certain almshouses for seven poor alms men. Prise taken. This year was taken by the King's ships of the English cost, the number of 300. French ships and more, so that the Grey Friars Church in London was laid full of wine, the Austen Friars & black Friars were laid full of herring & other fish, that were taken going into France. A benevolence demanded. The king demanded a benevolence towards his Wars in France and Scotland. The Lord Chancellor, the Duke of Suffolk & other of the king's Counsel sat at Baynard's Castle, where they first called before them the Mayor and Aldermen, An Alderman sent into Scotland. etc. And because Richard Read Alderman would not agree to pay as they set him, he was commanded upon pain of death forthwith to serve the K. in his wars of Scotland: who departed from London the 23. S. W. Roch sent to the Fleet. of january. Also sir William Roche Alderman, for words of displeasure taken by the King's Counsel, was by them sent to the Fleet where he remained till passion Sunday. A feigned miracle. A Priest did penance at Paul's Cross, & there confessed, that himself saying Mass, pricke● his finger and be bled the Corporas and Altar cloth, A false accuser set on the pillory, and well marked to be known. meaning to have made the people believe, that the miraculous host had bled which he had consecrated. The 13. of February a Priest was set on the pillory in Cheap, and burnt in both cheeks with the letters F. and A. & a paper on his head, wherein was written, For false Accusing, which judgement was given by the Lord Chancellor in the Star Chamber. A notable example of justice. In the beginning of March a road was made into Scotland by the English men, who went so far, A road into Scotland that a great Army of Scots be set them with three battles▪ where the English men for the most part were slain and taken at Pannier hough, among whom, Sir Ralph Ewer, Lord Warden of the Cast Marches was slain, Alderman of London taken prisoner. and Richard Read Al●oman of London with others taken prisoners by the Scots. Trinity Term was adjourned because of the Wars. 1545 An, reg. 37 The French kings Navy coming out of New ●●uen and Deep, arrived in Sussex afore bright H●●sted, where they set certain of their Soldiers a land, but the beacons were fired, and the men came down so thick, that the French men 〈◊〉. The 19 Men burnt in the hedgehog. of july by misfortune of shooting off a ●●ne in one of the Hedgehogges a ship before Westminster, a firken of gunpowder fired, & slew ●●en men, and the eight was drowned. The 20. of july the king being at Portsmouth, Marry Rose was drowned. a goodly ship called the Marie Rose, with Sir George Carrow the Captain and many other Gentlemen was drowned in the midst of the ha●en. The 21. of july, the French Galleys came afore ●or●hmouth haven, and landed certain of their ●●●y in the Isle of Wight, and there burned and encamped about two thousand men, but they went soon driven away with loss of their Captain and many soldiers. French men landed at new haven in Sussex. Within few days after, the whole fleet removed from the Wight unto a place in Sussex, called New haven, and there landed many captains and soldiers, who by the valiantness of the gentlemen and yeomen were slain and drowned, and the rest hardly recovered their Ships and Galleys. Earl of Hertford sent into Scotland. L. Admiral burnt Treyport. In August the Earl of Hertford was sent into Scotland with an Army of 12000. men, when he destroyed divers towns. The 9 of September sir john Dudley Lord Admiral of England landed with six thousand men at Treyport in Normandy, and there burned the town and Abbey, and thirty ships, with a bar●● that lay in the haven. S. Giles Church burnt. Shrives'. Maior. Chantries. Colleges, and Hospitals given to the King. The 12. of September the Church of S. Gilen without Creplegate of London was burnt. George Barn, Ralph Alley. Sir Martin Bowes Goldsmith. A Subsidy of two shillings eight pence in the pound of goods, and four shillings of land. All Colleges, free Chapels, Chantries, a● hospitals, were committed to the King's order. 1546 The stews put down. The Stews in Southwark was put dow●● The 27. of April being Wednesday in Ea●● week, W. Foxley Potmaker for the mint in th● Tower of London fell a sleep, who could not b● wakened with pricking, Note this sleeper. cramping, or otherwise till the first day of the next term, which was 〈◊〉 14. days, & 15. nights. The cause of his thus sl●●ping could not be known, though the same were diligently searched for by the King's Physicians and other learned men, yea the King himself examining the said W. Foxley, and he was in all points found as he had slept but one night, and was living till the year of our Lord 1587. The 13. of june being Whitsunday, a peace was proclaimed between the Kings of England and of France. The 16. Anne Askew and others burnt. of july were burned in Smithfield for the Sacrament, Anne Askewe, john Lassels, Nicholas Ouerden Priest, john Adlam Tailor, and Doctor Shaxton sometime Bishop of Salisbury preached at the same fire, and there recanted, persuading them to do the like, but they would not. The 21. of August came into England Flaud, Admiral of France came to London. high Admiral of France, who brought with him the Sacre of Deep, and 12. Galleys: he landed at the Tower wharse, where he was honourably received, & brought to the Bishop of London's Palace, where he lodged two nights, and then road to Hampton Court where the king lay. By the way Prince Edward received him with a company of 500 coats of velvet with one sleeve of cloth of gold, & half the coat embroidered with gold, there was in all to the number of eight hundred horses. In September the water of Finsbury was brought to the Conduits at London wall. Conduit in Lothbury. Saint Stephens in Colemanstréete, and Saint Margaret's in Lothburie. Richard Geruace, Thomas Cortese. Shrieves. Henry Huberthorne, Merchant Tailor. Maior. Duke of Norfolk sent to the Tower. The 12. of December, Thomas Duke of Norfolk, and Henry Earl of Surrey his son was sent to the Tower. The third of january the Church of the late Grey Friars in London was opened. And that day preached at Paul's Cross the Bishop of Rochester, who declared the King's gift to the Ci●●ie of London, for the relieving of the poor people, to wit, S. Bartholomew spital, the Church of the Grey Friars, and two Parish Churches, the one of Saint Nicholas in the shambles, the other St. Edwine in Newgate market, K. Henry his gift to the City of London. all to be made one Parish Church of the Grey Friars Church, and in lands he gave for the maintenance of the same, five hundred marks by the year for over, to maintain a Choir of Singingmen, viz. eight in number. Henry Howard Earl of Surrey, was beheaded on the Tower kill the 19 of january. Earl of Surry beheaded. K. Henry deceased. The 28. of january King Henry deceased, appointed his first heirs to his son, Prince Edward: the second, Lady Marry, his daughter by Queen Katherine: and the third, Lady Elizabeth, by the Queen Anne Bolein. He deceased when he had reigned 37. years, nine months, and odd days, and was buried at Windsor. Edward the sixth. Edward the sixth began his Reign the 24. of january, An, reg, 1. 1546. when he was but nine years old. King Henry his father by his will had appointed for his Privy Counsel, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Chancellor, the Bishop of Durham, with other to the number of sixteen. Earl of Hertford L. Protector. K E. made Knight. L. Mayor of London made knight. The first of February the Earl of Hertford was elected to be Protector of the King's person. The 6. of February the L. Protector in the tower of London, endued K. Edward with the order of Knighthood, and then Henry Hoblethorne, L. Mayor of London kneeling down, the King made him Knight. The 17. of February▪ sir Edward Seimer Earl of Hertford, and L. Protector was created Duke of Somerset, the L. Parr Earl of Essex, Marquis of Northampton, Sir john Dudley, Lord Lisle, Duke and Lords created. Lord Admiral Earl of Warwick, Sir Thomas Wriothesley, Lord Chancellor, Earl of Southampton, sir Thomas Seimer was made Lord of Sudley, and high Admiral, Sir Richard Rich was made Lord Rich, Sir William Willowby, Lord Willowby, Sir Edmond Sheiffield, Lord Sheiffield. K. Edward crowned, King Edward was Crowned at Westminster on the 20. of February. 1557 D. Smith recanted. The 15. of May Doctor Smith recanted at Paul's Cross. The Lord Protector and the rest of the Counsel, sent Commissioners into all parts of the Realm, willing them to take all Images out of their Churches, Images forbidden. Procession forbidden. for the avoiding of Idolatry, with them were sent divers Preachers to persuade the people from their beads, and at that time Procession was forbidden. Edward Duke of Somerset, and john Earl of Warwick, with a Noble Army were sent into Scotland, Muskleborow field. and at a place called Muskleborough, the English men and Scots met, where between them the 10. of September▪ was fought a cruel battle: the victory whereof fell to the Englishmen, and of the Scots were slain 1400, and taken prisoners 1500. 1. Rich L. chancellor Richard Lord Richardo was made Lord Chancellor. Shrieves. Thomas White, Robert Chersey, Maior. Sir john Gresham Mercer. This Sir john Gresham gave to every ward in London, ten pound to the poor, and to six score poor men and women, every of them three yards of cloth for a gown, of eight or nine shillings the yard: he gave also to maiden's marriages, and to the Hospitals in London, about 200. pounds in money. He founded a free school at Holt, a market town in Norfolk. All Colleges, chantries, free Chapels, Hospitals, Fraternities, Brotherhoods, and Guilds were granted to the King, and an Act made for the receiving of the Sacrament in both kinds. The Church service was sung in English. 1548 An, reg, 2. A goodly watch at Midsummer. The watch in London at Midsummer, was now again used both on the Even of Saint john and Saint Peter, in as comely order as it had been accustomed, which watch was greatly beautified by the number of more than three hundred dimilances and light horsemen, The siege of Haddington. that were prepared by the Citizens to be sent to the rescue of the town of Haddington in Scotland. On Saint Peter's day Stephen Gardiner Bishop of Winchester preached before the King, Bishop of Winchester sent to the Tower. A priest of Cornwall executed. for the which he was sent to the Tower. The seventh of july a Priest was hanged and quartered in Smithfield, for that he had slain M. Body, one of the King's commissioners, others of his society were put to death in other places. A great pestilence was in London, A great pestilence at London. wherefore commandment was given to all Curates and other, that no corpse should be buried before six of the clock in the morning, nor after six at night, and that there should at the burial of every corpse be rung one Bell at the least, by the space of three quarters of an hour. William Lock, john Ailife Knights, Shrives'. Sir Henry Amcots Fishmonger, Mayor. The 16. of September▪ S. Annes Church within in Aldersgate was burnt. S. Anne's Church burnt. An, reg, 3. Lord Thomas Seymer beheaded. The 16. of january, Thomas Seimer, Lord Admiral, & brother to the Lord Protector, was sent to the tower of London. and the 20. of March beheaded on the Tower hill. The 23. of April six houses at Broken wharf were burnt. 1549 Fire at broken wharf. Commotion in Somerset shire. In May by means of a Proclamation for enclosures, the commons of Somersetshire and Lincolnshire made a commotion, and broke up certain Parks of sir W. Harbardes', and Lord Sturtons', but sir William Harbarde flew and executed many of those rebels. In july the Commons of Essex and Kent, Suffolk and Norfolk, rose against enclosures, and pulled down divers parks and hooses. Commotion in Cornwall. Also the Commons of Cornwall and Devonshire, required not only that the enclosures might be disparked, but also to have their old Religion: these besieged the City of Excester, which was valiantly defended. john Lord Russell, Lord Privy seal with a number of soldiers entered the City of Excester the fill of August▪ slew and took prisoners of the Rebels more than 4. thousand, and after hanged divers of them in the town & country about. The L. Grace also with strangers, horsemen, Rebels subdued. in divers conflicts slew many people, and spoiled the Country. The last of july W. Lord Marquis of Northhampton, entered the City of Norwich, and on the next morning the rebels also entered the town, burned part thereof, put the Lord Marquis to flight, and flew the Lord Sheffield. divers persons were apprehended as aiders of the foresaid rebels, Martial law. of the which one was hanged within Aldgate, and another at the Bridge foot toward Southwark, both on Mary magdalen's day. In the beginning of August, The french Kings gullies invaded Gernsey and jersea. the French king determined to take the Isles of Gernsey and jersey, did set there suddenly upon our ships with a great number of Galleys, but were so manfully encountered by the King's Navy, that with the loss of a thousand men and great spoil of Galleys, they were forced to retire into France. The eight of August the French Ambassadors gave a defiance to the Lord Protector, whereupon all Frenchmen with their goods, French men apprehended. being no Denizens, were apprehended. The rebels in Norfolk and Suffolk encamped themselves at mount Surrey near unto Norwich, The Earl of Warwick went against the rebels. against whom sir john Dudley Earl of Warwick went with an Army, where meeting with the rebels, they had thought all to have died in the place, but God brought it to pass, that as well there, as in all other places, they were partly by power constrained, partly by promise of their pardon persuaded to submit themselves. The Earl of Warwick entered the City of Norwich the 27. of August, when he had slain above five thousand of rebels, and taken their chief Captain Robert Ket of Windam Tanner. The 20. Bishop of London deprived. of September Edmond Bonner Bishop of London, was sent from Lambeth to the Marshalsey, for a sermon, which he preached at Paul's Cross on the first of December. On the first of October he was deprived of his Bishopric, and sent again to the Marshalsey for disobeying the King's order in religion. Richard York, john Chester, Shrives'. L. protector brought to the Tower. The 24. of October, the Duke of Somerset was brought from Windsor, riding through Oldborne in at Newgate, and so to the tower of London, accompanied with divers Lords and Gentlemen, with three hundred horses. The Lord Maior, Sir Ralph Warren, Sir john Gresham, master Recorder, sir William Locke, and both the Shrives', with other knights, sitting on their horses against Soper-lane, all the officers with halbarts, and from Oldborne bridge to the Tower, certain Aldermen or their Deputies on horseback in every street, with a number of householders standing with bills as he passed. There was with him committed to the Tower, Sir Michael Stan●op, Sir Thomas Smith, sir john Thin Knight, Wolf and Grace of Reading. K. E. rode through London. The 17. of October, King Edward came from Hampton Court to his place in Southwark, and there dined, he made master York one of the Shrives', Knight, and then road through the City to Westminster. Charitable deeds of sir Rowland 〈◊〉 gift to Christ's Hospital. Sir Rowland Hill Mercer, the twenty eight of October, Maior. This sir Rowland Hill caused to be made divers causeyes, bridges, and free schools. He gave to the Hospital of Christ's Church in London, five hundred pound in ready money, and one hundred pound at his decease. The twenty nine of November, Robert Kete and William Kete his brother, were delivered out of the Tower of London, to sir Edmond Windam, Shrive of Norfolk, R. Kete and W. Kete hanged. to be conveyed to Norwich, where R. Kete was hanged in chains on the top of Norwich Castle, and W. Kete likewise hanged on the top of Windam steeple. In December the Scots took Burtierag in Scotland, Holds in Scotland lost. and other holds then possessed by Englishmen, where they slew man, woman and child, except Sir john Luteroll the Captain, whom they took prisoner. The 19 of january were murdered by S. sepulchres Church without Newgate in London, two Captains that had served the King at Boline and elsewhere, she one was Sir Peter Gamba, the other Filicirga, Peter Gamba murdered. which murders were committed by Charles Ganaro a Fleming, who came post from Berwick to do that act: on the morrow he with three of his companions were taken in Smithfield, and sent to Newgate, and the four and twentieth of january, they were all four, Charles Gavaro, Gavaro & others hanged. Balthasar Gavaro, Nicholas Disalueron, & Francis Devalasco hanged in Smithfield. The 27. of january, An, reg, 4. Rebels hanged. Humphrey Arundel Esquire Thomas Holmes, Winslow and Bury, Captains of the Rebels in Devonshire, were hanged and quartered at Tyburn. The sixth of February the Duke of Somerset was delivered out of the Tower. The tenth of February one Bell was hanged and quartered at Tyburn, foe moving a new rebellion in Suffolk. The house of Farnese made dukes of Parma. This year 1550. died Pope Paul the third, formerly called Alexander Farnese, he was installed Pope, Anno 1534. in his youth, he had two children, viz. Peter Lewes, and the Lady Constance: This Pope ordained the general counsels at Mant●a, at Vicentia, and Trent: he gave the Emperor five Galleys well furnished for his wars against Barbarosso, he met the Emperor Carolus Quintus, and Francis the French King at Nice in Province, to make peace between them for ten years, and concluded a marriage between his Nephew Octavio, and the emperors daughter, widow to Alexander de medicis, late Duke of Florence, and after that with consent of the Emperor, he made his forenamed son Peter Lewes Duke of Parma and Placentia, he died at fourscore and four years of age. Peace proclaimed. The liberties of southwark purchased. The last of March, a general peace was proclaimed between the King of England, France, the Emperor and the Scots. This time the Lord Mayor of London & the Aldermen purchased all the liberties of South work, which was in the King's hands. The 12. of April, D. Nicholas Ridley was installed Bishop of London. Boloine yielded. joan Butcher burnt. Rebels executed. The 25. of April, the town of Boloine was yielded to the French. The second of May, joan Butcher was burnt in Smithfield for heresy, that Christ took no flesh of the Virgin Marie, Richard Lion, Goddard Gorran and Richard Ireland were executed the 14. of May, for attempting a new rebellion in Kent. Trinity Term was adjourned till Michaelmas. Term adjourned. In the month of August, a Miller of Battlebridge was set on the Pillory in Cheap, and had both his ears cut off, for seditious words by him spoken against the Duke of Somerset. Also Grig a Poulter that had been taken for a cunning man in curing of diseases among women, being proved to be a crafty deceiver, was on the eight of september set on the Pillory in southwark, and the Lord Maior and the Aldermen riding through the fair, he asked them and all the Citizen's forgiveness. Augustine Hide, john Lion, Shrives'. Sir Andrew jud, Skinner, Maior. This Sir Andrew Iud erected one notable free schools at Tonbridge in Kent, wherein he brought up and nourished in learning great store of youth, as well bred in that shire, as brought from other countries adjoining. He also builded almshouses for poor people nigh S. Helen's Almesnouses by Saint Helen's in Bishopsgate street. Church in London, & gave lands to the Company of Skinners in the same City, amounting to the value of 60. l. 3. s. 8 d. the year, for the which they be bound to pay 20. l. to the schoolmen, 8. l. to the Usher of the free school at Tonbridge, yearly for ever, and 4. shillings the week to 6. poor people at S. Helen's 8., d. the piece weekly, and 25. shillings 4. d. the year in coals amongst them for ever. More, Alice Smith of London widow, late wife to Thomas Smith of the same City Esquire, and Customer of the Port of London, in her last testament bequeathed lands to the value of 15. pounds by year for ever, to the Skinners, for the augmenting of the pensions of the poor, inhabiting the eight alms-houses, erected by the said sir Andrew Iud her father, in the said St. Helenes in Bishopsgate-stréete. She also hath given to the Hospitals, and to the poor of other parishes, and good Preachers, the sum of 300. pound. As also to poor Scholars in the Universities, the sum of 200. pound. Of which her last will and testament, she made her son Thomas Smith late shrive of London, and Richard and Robert Smith her Executors, who have performed the same according to her godly and charitable mind. Arden murdered. On Saint Valentine's day at Feversham in Kent, one Arden a Gentleman was murdered by consent of his wife, for the which fact she was the 14. of March burnt at Canterbury. Michael, master Arden's man was hanged in chains at Fenersham, and a maiden burnt: Mosby and his sister were hanged in Smithfield at London: green which had fled, came again certain years after, and was hanged in chains in the high way against Feversham, and black Will the Ruffian that was hired to do the act, burnt at Flushing in Zealand. Bishop of Winchester deprived. 1551 The 14. of February, D. Stephen Gardiner Bishop of Winchester was deprived of his Bishopric, and so committed to the tower again. Into his place was translated Doctor Poinet. The 24. of April, An Arrian burnt. a Dutch man was burnt in Smithfield for an Arrian. The 25. of May an Earthquake at Blechingly, Earthquake Godstone, Titsey, Rigate, Croidon, Benington, Albery, and divers other places in Southery. The 9 of july, First fall of base money. the base moneys coined in the time of King Henry the eight, and Edward the sixth, was proclaimed, the shillings to go for 9 pence, the groat for three pence, which took effect immediately. The sweeting sickness began in London the ninth of july, which was so terrible, Sweeting sickness. that people being in best health, were suddenly taken & dead in 24. hours, and twelve or less. And it is to be noted, that this mortality fell chiefly on men of the best age, as between thirty and forty years. Also it followed Englishmen, as well within the Realm, as in strange Countries, the first week died in London 806. persons. Second fall of base money. The seventeenth of August, the shilling which of late was called down to nine pence, was called to six pence, the great to two pence, the half great to a penny, the penny to an half penny. john Lambert, john Cowper, Shrives'. The sixteenth of October, E. Seymer, Duke of Somerset, the Lord Grace of Wilton, Sir Ralph Vane, Sir T. Palmer, Sir Miles Partridge, Sir Michael Stanhop, Sir T. Arundel Knights, and divers other gentlemen were brought to the tower of London: the next morrow, the Duchess of Somerset was also brought to the tower. Liberties of the Stilyard seized. The liberties of the stilyard were seized into the king's hands Maior. Sir Robert Dabs' Skinner the 28. of October. New coin. The 30. of October was proclaimed a new coin both of silver and gold, soverains of 30. shillings, Angels of 10. Muster of horsemen. Duke of Somerset beheaded. An, reg 6. Queen of Scots road thorough London. Sir Ralph Vain and other executed. 1552 shillings, etc. The 6. of November the old Queen of Scots road through London toward Scotland, after she had lain four days in the Bishop of London's Palace. The first of December the Duke of Somerset was arraigned at Westminster, and condemned of felony. The seventh of December was a muster of horsemen before the King at S. james. The 22. of january Edward duke of somersault was beheaded on the tower hill. The 26. of February sir R. Vine, and sir M. Partridge were hanged on the tower hill. Sir M. Stanhope, with sir Thomas A●undell, were beheaded there. The last of April a house near to the tower of London, with three last of powder, was blown up, the gunpowder makers being 15. in number, were all slain. The 16. of May was a muster of horsemen before the King at Greenwich. The 26. of july began the preparing of the Grey Friars house in London, for the poor fatherless children, Christ's Hospital. and that month began the repairing of S. Thomas Hospital in Southwark, for poor impotent and lame persons. A monster. The third of August at Middleton, 11. miles from Oxford, a woman brought forth a child which had two perfect bodies from the Navel upward, and were so joined together at the Navel, that when they were laid in length, the one head and body was East, the other West, the legs of both the bodies grew to it at midst, where the bodies joined, and had but one issue for the execrements: they lived 18. days, and were women children. The 8. of August were taken at Queen borough 3. great fishes called Dolphins: Great fishes and the week following, at Black wall were six more taken and brought to London. This month of August began the great provision for the poor in London, toward the which every man was contributory, and gave certain money in hand, and covenanted to give a certain weekly. The 7. Great fishes of October were two great fishes called Whirlpools, taken at Gravesend. William Garrard, john Maynard. Shrives'. Sir George Barn, Haberdasher, Mayor. This Sir George Barn gave a Windmill in Flusbury field to the Haberdashors of London, Charitable deeds of six G. Barnes. the profits rising thereof to be distributed to the poor alms people at the same company. The seventh of October were three great fishes called Whirepooles taken at Gravesend, Great fishes taken. which were drawn up to the King's Bridge at Westminster. In this month the King damanded of the merchants adventurers, by way of prost, Money borrowed of the Merchants. of every broad cloth then shipped to Borwins' mart, twenty shillings sterling, to be paid at Antwerp for certain debt there, and they to have the King's hand for the repayment thereof, which did at that time mount to more than forty and eight thousand pound. The new service in English. The first of November being the feast of all S. the new service Book, called the Book of common prayer, began in Paul's Church, and the like through the City, the Bishop of London, Doctor Ridley executed the service in the forenoon, and preached at Paul's Cross in the afternoon. First children in Christ's Hospital. The 23. of November the children were taken into the hospital of the grey Friars, called Christ's Hospital. And also sick and poor people into the Hospital of Saint Thomas in Southwark, in which two places the children and poor people should have meat, drink, lodging, and cloth of the alms of the City. On Christmas day in the afternoon, when the Lord Maior and Aldermen road to Paul's, the children of Christ's Hospital stood from St. First show of children in Christ's Hospital. Laurence lane in Cheap towards Paul's, all in russet cotton; the masters of the hospital foremost, next the Physicians and Surgeons, which children were in number 340. King Edward kept his Christmas with open household at Greenwich, Lord of merry disports. George Ferrer Gentleman being Lord of merry disports all the xii. days, who so pleasantly and wisely behaved himself, that the King had great delight in his pastimes. On the fourth of january the said Lord of merry disports came by water to the Tower, where he entered, and after road through Tower street, where he was met and received by Sergeant Vaus, Lord of misrule to master john Mainard, one of the Shrives' of London, & so conducted thorough the City with a great company of young Lords and Gentlemen, to the house of sir George Barn Lord Mayor, where he with the chief of his company dined, and at his departure the Lord Maior gave him a standing Cup with a cover, silver and gilt, of the value of x. pound: the residue of his Gentlemen and servants dined at other Alderman's houses, and with the Shrieves. In the month of january the King fell sick of a cough, which grievously increased, An. reg. 7. and at the last ended in a consumption of the lights. The first of March began a Parliament at Westminster, and broke up on the 31. of March, Parliament, 1553. Subsidy. then being Good-friday, a subsidy was granted of 4. shillings the pound lands, and two shillings eight pence goods. The third of April, being Monday after Easter day, the children of Christ's Hospital in London, came from thence through the City to the sermon at saint Mary spittle, all clothed in pl●nket coats with red caps, and the maiden children in the same livery with karchiefes, all which were there placed on the scaffold of eight stages, and there sat the Sermon time. The tenth of April the Lord Maior was sent for to the Court, and at that time the King gave to him for a workhouse for the poor and idle persons of the City of London, Bridewell given to the City of London. The Savoy suppressed. Voyage to Muscovie. his place of Bridewell, and seven hundred marks lands of the Savoy rents, with all the beds and bedding of the Hospital of the Savoy, toward the maintenance of the said work-house. The 20. of May, by the encouragement of one Sebastian Cabot, three great ships well furnished, were sent forth for the adventure of the unknown voyage to Muscovia and other east parts of the North seas. K. Edward deceased. King Edward being about the age of sixteen years ended his life at Greenwich on the sixth of july, when he had reigned 6. years, 5. months, and odd days, and was buried at Westminster. The tenth of july was proclamation made of the death of King Edward, and how he had ordained that the Lady jane, daughter to Francis Duchess of Suffolk, Lady jane proclaimed Queen. (which Lady jane was married to the Lord Gilford Dudley, fourth son to the Duke of Northumberland) should be heir to the Crown of England. The 11. of july Gilbert Pot, Drawer to Ninion Sanders Vintner, Gilbert Pot punished in Cheap. dwelling at Saint john's head within Ludgate, was set on the pillory in Cheap, with both his ears nailed and clean cut off, for words speaking at the time of the Proclamation of the Lady jane. Lady Mary fled. Lady Marry eldest daughter to King Henry the eight, fled into Framingham Castle in Suffolk, where the people in the country almost wholly resorted to her. In Oxford Sir john Williams, in Buckinghamshire, Sir Edmond Pecham, and in divers other places, many men of worship offering themselves as guides to the common people, gathered great powers, and with all speed made toward Suffolk where Lady Mary was. Also the 13. of july, by appointment of the Counsel, the duke of Northumberland, the Earl of Huntingdon, the Lord Grace of Wilton, and divers other, with a great number of men of arms set forward to fetch the Lady Marie by force, and were on their way as far as Bury. The 19 of july the Counsel assembled themselves at Baynard's Castle, where they commoned with the Earl of Pembroke, and immediately with the Mayor of London, certain Aldermen, and the Shrives', Garter King of arms, and a Trumpet came into Cheap, where they proclaimed the Lady Mary (daughter to King Henry the eight, and Queen Katherine) Queen of England, Lady Marry proclaimed Queen. France and Ireland. The 20. of july, john Duke of Northumberland, being at Saint Edmonsbury, (and having sure knowledge that the Lady Mary was at London proclaimed Queen) returned back again to Cambridge, and about five of the Clock in the evening, he came to the market cross, and caused the Lady Mary to be likewise proclaimed Queen of England, but shortly after he was arrested in the King's College. And the 25. of july he with other was brought up to the Tower of London, under the conduct of Henry Earl of Arundel: Thus was the matter ended without bloodshed, which men feared would have brought the death of many thousands. Queen Mary. An, reg, 1 Marry the eldest daughter to K. Henry the eight, began her reign the sixth of july, in the year 1553. she came to London. and was received with great joy, & entered the tower the third of August, where Thomas Duke of Norfolk, Doctor Gardiner late Bishop of Winchester, and Edward Courtney, son and heir to Henry marquess of Excester, prisoners in the Tower discharged. The fifth of August, Bishops restored. Edmond Bonner late Bishop of London, prisoner in the Marshalsey, and Cuthbert Tunstall Bishop of Durham prisoner in the King's Bench, were restored to their Seas: shortly after all the Bishops which had been deprived in the time of King Edward the sixth were restored to their bishoprics, also all beneficed men that were married, or would not forsake their opinion, were put out of their livings, others set in the same. Men drowned at London bridge. The 11. of August, certain Gentlemen minding to pass under London bridge in a whirrie, were there overturned, and 6. of them drowned. The 13. of August, master Bourne a Canon of Paul's, preaching at Paul's Cross, so offended son of the audience, that they breaking silence, Violence unto a Preacher at Paul's Cross. cried pull him out, and one threw a dagger at him whereupon master Bradford and john Rogers two Preachers of King Edward's time, with much labour conveyed the said master Bourne out of the audience into Paul's School. The 22. of August, The Duke of Northumberland beheaded. New coins. john Duke of Northumberland. Sir john Gates, & sir Thomas Palmer knights, were beheaded on the Tower hill. The 4. of September was proclaimed certain new coins, a sovereign of gold of 30. s. the half sovereign 15. s. an Angel x. s. the half angel 5. s. Of silver the great, half groat, and penny: Also bas● coins to be currant as before. Subsidy pardoned. At the same day by proclamation was pardoned the Subsidy of four shillings the pound lands, and 2. s. 8. d. the pound of movable goods, granted in the last Parliament of King Edward. Thomas Ofley, William Hewet. Shrives'. The last of September, Coronation. Queen Mary road through the City of London to Westminster. A Dutchman stood on the weathercock of Paul's steeple, holding a streamer in his hand of five yards long, and bowing his knee when the Queen road by, under him were two scaffolds, one above the cross, and the other beneath the bowl of the cross, both set with streamers waving, and torches burning. On the morrow the Queen was crowned at Westminster by Doctor Gardiner Bishop of Winchester. Gravesend barge overturned. Charitable deeds of sir Thomas White. The 25. of October the Barge of Gravesend was overturned, and 14. persons drowned. Sir Thomas White, Merchant Tailor Maior. This Sir Thomas White, a worthy Patron and protector of poor scholars and learning, erected a College in Oxford now called S. john's College, before Bernard's College: he also erected S. john's hall, sometime Gloucester College in Oxford, for one hundred of scholars or more, and adjoined it to his College. He also erected schools at Bristol and Reading: moreover this worshipful Citizen in his life time gave to the City of Bristol, two thousand pounds of ready money to purchase lands to the yearly value of 120. pound, for the which it is agreed, that the Mayor, Burgesses, and commonalty of Bristol, in Anno, 1567. and so yearly during the term of ten years then next ensuing, should cause to be paid at Bristol an hundred pound of lawful money. The 800. pound to be lent to sixteen poor young cloathiers, and free men of the same town, for the space of ten years, fifty pound the piece of them, putting sufficient sureties for the same, and at the end of ten years, to be lent to other sixteen at the discretion of the Mayor, Aldermen, and four of the common counsel of the said City. The other 200. l. to be employed to the provision of corn, for the relief of the poor of the same City, for their ready money without gain to betaken. And after the end of 9 years on the feast of Saint Bartholomew, which shall be in Ann. 1577. at the Marchant-tailors hall in London, unto the Mayor and commonalty of the City of York, or to their Attorney authorized, an hundred and four pound, to be lent unto four young men of the said City of York, free men and inhabitants, (clothiers always to be preferred) viz. to every one 25. pound, to have and occupy the same for the term of ten years, without paying any thing for the loan of four pound overplus of the 104 pound, at the pleasure of the Mayor and commonalty for their pains to be taken about the receipts and payments of the said 100 l. The like order in all points is taken for the delivery of 104 pound in the year, 1578. to the City of Canterbury in the year, 1579. to Reding, 1580. to the company of the Marchant-tailors, 1581. to Gloucester, 1582. to Worcester, 1583. to Excester, 1584. to Salisbury, 1585. to Worcester, 1586. to Norwich, 1587. to Southampton, 1588. to Lincoln, 1589. to Winchester, 1590. to Oxford, 1591. to Hereford Cast, 1592. to Cambridge, 1593. to Shrewsbury, 1594. to Linne, 1595. to bath, 1596. to Derby, 1597. to Ipswich, 1598. to Colchester, 1599 to Newcastle. And then to begin again at bristol 104. pound, the next year to the City of York, and so forth to every of the said Cities and towns in the like order as afore, and thus to continue for ever. More, this Sir Thomas White gave unto the Mayor and commonalty of Coventry, the sum of 1400. pound, to purchase lands and tenements to the value of seventy pound by the year, which the said Mayor and Commonalty did purchase by the only procurement and aid of the said sir Thomas White, for the relief and preferment of the Commonwealth of the said City of Coventry, being then in great decay. The rents and profits whereof, he hath devised to be yearly converted as followeth. First, that twelve poor men Inhabitants of the foresaid City, shall have paid unto them in free alms, the sum of 24. pounds yearly, the same to be paid unto them upon the xi. of March, yearly, or within vi. days after, viz. to every of them xl. s. a peer for ever. Further, he hath devised, that for the space of ten years within one year after his decease, to four poor young men of the said City xl. pound yearly, viz. ten pound to each of them for ix. years following the receipt thereof, in freelone. And after those ix. years be expired, to other iiii. poor young men of the said City, likewise for ix. years, & so from ix. years to ix. years for ever. And after those ten years be expired, he doth devise that the said Mayor, or Commonalty, and bailiffs of Coventry for the space of thirty years, shall employ the said xl. l. yearly to two young men of the said City for nine years in free loan for ever, and so likewise after those nine years, from nine years to nine for ever. And after those thirty years be expired, the said sum of forty pound, yearly to be delivered in free loan to one young man of the said City, for nine years, and so likewise from nine years to nine years for ever. And after that, he doth devise the said sum of forty pound, to be paid and delivered to the Town of Northampton, the same to be delivered to one young man for nine years in free loan, and so from nine years to nine years for ever. And then the next year after that, to the Town of Leicester, as aforesaid. And the next year after that, to the Town of Nottingham, as aforesaid. And the next year after that, to the Town of Warwick, as aforesaid. And then again to Coventry for one year, and so to the other towns aforesaid, one after another for ever. And he doth devise to the Master and Wardens of the Marchantaylors, to see the said devise truly executed and performed according to the covenants, twenty s. yearly for ever. And to the Mayor, Recorder, and ten Aldermen of Coventry for their pains in putting forth the said money, six shillings eight pence to each of them for ever, and to the Steward and town Clerk for making of the Bonds continually without any charge to those that receive the said money, twenty shillings yearly for ever, this is in the Records remaining in the Marchantaylors Hall. And furthermore, as I have received from Saint john's College in Oxford, the same Sir Thomas White enlarged the gift of 1400. pound aforesaid, to be delivered to the City of Coventry, to the sum of 2060. pound, or thereabout, towards the purchasing of lands, within the City of Coventry or near to the same, the rents whereof to be employed as is before rehearsed, with addition also to pay yearly forty pound to the said College of Saint john's in Oxford, for annuity for ever. Cardinal Poole recalled. Cardinal Poole was sent for to return to England. The 12. of November, Doctor Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury, Lady jane that was before proclaimed Queen, and the Lord Gilford her husband, were arraigned at Guild hall of London, and condemned of Treason. A treaty for marriage with the Queen. In the beginning of the month of january, the Emperor sent a Noble man called Ecmondine, and certain other Ambassadors into England, to conclude a marriage between King Philip his son, and Queen Mary. Commotion in Kent by Sir Th. Wiat. The 21. of December, began the Church service to be done in Latin, as the same had been left in the last year of King Henry the eight. The 25. of january, Sir john Gage Chamberlain, certified the Lord Mayor of London, that Sir T. Wyatt Wiat's insurrection. with certain other rebels were up 〈◊〉 Kent, whereupon great watch was kept, and that night the Lord Maior road about to peruse the same, and every night after two Aldermen did the like, in the day time the gates of the City warded by substantial Citizens. The 27. of january the Lord Treasurer came to Guildhall from the Counsel to request the citizens to prepare 500 footmen well harnished, to go against the said Wyatt, which was granted, and on the morrow were sent to Gravesend by water. The 29. of january the Duke of Norfolk with the Captain of the guard, & other soldiers, Duke of Norfolk sent against Wiat. and the Captain and soldiers that were sent for London, minded to assault Rochester Castle where Wyatt and his company lay, but the Captains of the City and their soldiers fled over Rochester bridge to Wyatt, so that the Duke was fain to return again to London with great fear of his life. Thus Wiat's number being strengthened with the queens ordinance and treasure, the 30. Wyatt Strengthened with the queen's ordinance. of january, he removed to Black heath. Henry Duke of Suffolk father to Lady jane, flying into Leicestershire, and Warwickshire, made proclamation against the queens Marriage with the Prince of Spain, etc. But the people inclined not to him. The first of February the commons of the City assembled in their Liveries at the Guild hall whither the Queen with her Lords came riding from Westminster, and there after vehement words against Wyatt, declared that she meant not otherwise to marry, than the Counsel should think both honourable and commodious to the Realm, and therefore willing them truly to assist her, in oppressing such as contrary to their duties rebelled: Lord William Howard Lieutenant of the City of London. She appointed Lord William Howard Lieutenant of the City, and the Earl of Pembroke General of the field, which both prepared all things necessary. Wyatt entered Southwark the third of February, wherefore the drawbridge was broken down, Ordinance bend to that part, general pardon proclaimed to all that would give over, and forsake their rebels. After Wyatt had lain three days in Southwark, he turned his journey to Kingston on Shrove-tuesday in the morning, being the sixth of February, where he passed over the Thames▪ and purposed to have come to London in the night▪ but by means that the carriage of his chief ordinance broke, he could not come before it was fair day. The same Shrovetnesday in the afternoon were two men hanged in Paul's Churchyard, Two men hanged in Paul's Churchyard. one late Shrive of Leicester, the other a Baker. On the morrow early in the morning, the Earl of Pembroke and divers other, were in St. james fields with a great power, and their Ordinance so bend, that Wyatt was fain to leave the common way, and with a small company came under St. james wall from the danger of the Ordinance, and so went by Charing Cross unto the Bell Savage nigh unto Ludgate, without resistance, in at the which gate he thought to have been received, but perceiving that he was defeated of his purpose, Wyatt taken. he fled back again, and at Temple b●t was taken and brought by water to the Tower of London. The tenth day of February the Duke of Suffolk which was taken in Leicestershire, The Duke of Suffolk brought to the lower. Lady jane beheaded. Wiat's men hanged. was brought to the city of London by the Earl of Huntingdon, and one of his brethren with him, and so had to the Tower. The 12. of February Lady jane, and her husband Lord Gilford were beheaded. The 14. and 15. of February about the number of 50. of Wiat's faction, were hanged on twenty pairs of Gallows in divers places about the City. The 17. of February was proclamation made, Strangers banished the realm. that all strangers should avoid the Realm within 14. days next ensuing, upon pain of their goods to be confiscate (all free Denizens, Merchants, and Ambassadors excepted.) The 22. of February, certain of Wiat's faction to the number of 400. and more, were led to Westminster, coupled together with halters about their necks, and there in the Tiltyard, the Queen (who looked forth of her Gallery) pardoned them. The 24. of February H. Grace, Duke of Suffolk beheaded. Duke of Suffolk was beheaded on the Tower hill. The 11. of April, Sir Thomas Wyatt was beheaded on the Tower hill, and after quartered, 1554 Th. Wyatt beheaded. his quarters were set up in divers places, and his head on the Gallows at Hay hill near Hide Park, from whence it was after shortly stolen. The 27. of April, W. Thom. quartered. Lord Thomas Grace was beheaded. William Thomas Gentleman for conspiring Queen Mary's death, was drawn to Tyburn and there hanged and quartered the 18. of May. The tenth of june Doctor Pendleton Preached at Paul's Crosso, at whom a Gun was shot, A Gun sho● at a Preacher. the pellet whereof lighted on the Church wall, but the shooter could not be found. The 22. of june was proclamation made, forbidding the shooting in hand Guns, and bearing of weapons. An reg. 2. An imposture. The 15. of july, Edward Croft, about the age of 18. years stood on a scaffold at Paul's Cross all the sermon time, where she confessed, that she being moved by divers lewd persons thereunto, had upon the 14. of March last before passed, counterfeited certain speeches in an house without Aldersgate of London, through the which, the people of the whole City were wonderfully molested. The 19 of july, the Prince of Spain arrived at Southampton, after he came to Winchester, and there going to Church was honourably received of the Bishop, The marriage of K. Philip & Q. Mary. and a great number of Nables. On St. james day the marriage was solemnized between him and Queen Mary. Shortly after they came to London, where with great provision they were received of the Citizens the 18. of August. Sh●s. David Woodrofe, William Chester. A Spaniard hanged. The 26. of October, a Spaniard was hanged at Charing-cross, for killing of an Englishman in fight. Maior. Cardinal Poole. Sir john Lion Grocer, the 28. of October. The 24. of November, Cardinal Poole came into England, was by a Parliament restored to his old dignity, and shortly after came into the Parliament house, where the King and Queen and other States being present, he exhorted them to return to the communion of the Church. The next day the whole Court of Parliament desired the King and Queen, and cardinal, that by their means they might be restored to the sea of Rome. The 18. of November, Q. Marry bruited to be with child. the Lord Mayor of London with the Aldermen in Scarlet, and the commons in their best Liveries, assembled in Paul's Church, where Doctor Chadsey one of the Prebends Preached: he read them a letter sent from the Counsel, the effect whereof was, that the Bishop of London should cause Te Deum to be sung in all the Churches of his Diocese, with continual prayer for the Queen, which was conceived and quick with child as was thought: the letter being read, he began his Sermon with this theme: Ne timeas Maria, invenisti enim gratiam apud Deum: which Sermon being ended, Te deum was sung. The second of December, Cardinal Poole came to Paul's Church, where he tarried till the King came from Westminster, Cardinal Poole came to Paul's. and then the Lord Chancellor entered Paul's Cross, and preached a Sermon. In the which Sermon he declared that the King and Queen had restored the Pope to his supremacy, and three Estates assembled in the Parliament, submitting themselves to the same. The 27. of December, Prince of Peiemount. Emmanuel Prince of Piemount with other Lords were received at Gravesend, and so conveyed to Westminster. The 9 of january, Prince of Orange. the Prince of Orange landed at London. The 4: of February john Roger's Vicar of Saint Sepulchres was burnt in Smithfield. joh. Rogers burnt. The 22. of February ninety nine horses and two Carriers laden with treasure of gold, and silver brought out of Spain, The King of Spain's treasure. was conveyed thorough the City to the Tower of London, under the donduct of sir Thomas Gresham, the Queen's Merchant and others. 1555. Earl of Devonshire delivered. Use of Coaches first in England. Against Easter the Earl of Devonshire came to the Court, and about ten days after, the Lady Elizabeth came likewise to the Queen. This year Walter Ripon made a Coach for the Earl of Rutland, which was the first Coach (saith he) that ever was made in England, since to wit, in Anno 1564. the said Walter Ripon made the first hollow turning Coach, with pillars and arches for her Majesty, being then her servant. Also in Anno 1584. a chariot throne with four pillars behind to bear a Canopy with a Crown imperial on the top, and before, two lower pillars, whereon stood a Lion and a Dragon, the supporters of the Arms of England. W. Flower burnt at Westminster. On Easter day a Priest named William Flower with a wood knife wounded another Priest as he was ministering the Sacrament to the people in S. Margaret's Church at Westminster, for the which fact the said William the 24. of April had his right hand smitten off, and for opinions in ●atters of Religion, was burned nigh unto S. Margaret's Churchyard. A Miller's son feigned to be King Edward the sixth. The tenth of May, William Constable, who had named himself to be King Edward the sixth, was sent to the Marshalsey, and the 22. of May, he was carried about Westminster Hall before the judges, whipped about the Palace, and then through Westminster into Smithfield. The first of july john Bradford was burned in Smithfield for Religion. Bradford burnt. In this month of August was brought to Lin a monstrous fish of forty foot in length. An, reg, 3. Monstrous fish. King Philip went to Brussels in Brabant to visit the Emperor his father. Thomas Leigh, john Machill. Shrives'. In October fell such abundance of rain, Great land waters. that for the space of six days, men might row with boats in Saint George's fields, water came into Westminster hall half a yard deep. The 26. of October, Ridley and Latimer. Doctor Ridley and Doctor Latimer was burned at Oxford for Religion. Sir William Garrard Haberdasher, Mayor. The Queen yielded up to the spiritual men the first fruits and tenths of all Bishoprics, First fruits and tenths restored to the Clergy. Benefices, and Ecclesiastical livings. In this Parliament was granted to the Queen, a Subsidy of the Laity, from five pound to ten pound, 8. pence of the pound, from ten pound to twenty pound, 12 pence of the pound, and from twenty pound upward, 16. pence of the pound, and all strangers double, and the Clergy granted 6. shillings of the pound. St●●●● Gardiner Bishop of Winchester, chancellor of England, died the ninth of November, D. Gardiner deceased. and was 〈…〉 Winchester. William Con●le, The miller, son feigning to be King Edward, who had caused letters to be cast abroad, th●● King Edward was alive, and to some showed himself to be King Edward, the 13. of March was drawn, hanged, and quartered at Tyburn. D. Cranmer burnt. The 21. of March, Doctor Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury, was burned at Oxford for Religion. Cardinal Poole on Sunday next, was consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury. The 28. of March, a part of Newgate, called manning's hall was burnt. 1556 Newgate a fire. Conspiracy Certain persons purposed to have robbed the queens Exchequer, to the intent they might be able to maintain war against her. Udall Throgmorton, Peeham, Daniel, and Stanton, were apprehended, and divers others fle●. Throgmorton and others executed. The 28. of April, Throgmorton and Richard Udall were drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged and quartered. The 12. of May a ship loaden with herneshaws was brought out of Brabant to Billingsgate, and the herons were there sold for xii. pence, or xiiii. the best. The ninetéenth of May, Stanton was likewise executed. The eight of june, Rossey Detike, and Bedell, were executed at Tyburn. Sands hanged. The 11, of june, Sands, a younger son of Lord Sands, was hanged at Saint Thomas of Water for a robbery. Thirteen burnt at Stradford. An, reg, 4. The 27. of june, 13. persons were burnt at Stratford the Bow. The eight of july, Henry Peckam, and Thomas Daniel were hanged and headed on the tower hill for conspiracy. This year in the month of August, sir William Garrard Mayor of London (being invited) dined with the reader in the middle Temple, The majors sword put down. from whence when the Mayor departed, certain Gentlemen of the younger sort, as well of that house as of the inner Temple, by force put and held down the sword, before the Mayor, till he came to the outer gate next the street, for the which fact, within four days after, the two Readers with all their Companies of both houses, were sent for to the Rolls in Chancery lane, where sat the marquess of Winchester, Lord Treasurer, assisted with xi. other of the queens Privy Counsel. These commanded the two Readers, to deliver the names of the principal doers in the fore-expressed action, the which if they refused to do, themselves should be committed. Whereupon (consulting a little) they presented the names of twenty, whereof the Lord committed fourteen to the Fleet, and took bonds of the rest to appear in the star-chamber the first day of the next Term: at the which day appearance being made, as well by those committed, as the other that were in bonds, through humble intercession of all the head and chief learned men of every Bench and Bar in the four Inns of Court, their punishment was referred to the discretions of the Benches of those houses, where the faults were committed, and so all was ended in that course, and the prisoners with the rest discharged, which notwithstanding were after for the most part expelled their houses, till upon great submission, and long suit, they were restored by degrees and times. Conspirators executed. A great burning fever, whereof 7. Aldermen died in London. Rose pence suppressed. Cleba a Schoolmaster, and three of Lincoln's Inn, being brethren in Norfolk, were hanged and quartered at Bury for conspiracy. The last year began the hot burning fevers, whereof died many old persons, so that in London died seven Aldermen, in the space of ten months. The 19 of September the Rose pence being a base coin, made in the reign of Henry the eight, and Edward the sixth were forbidden, to be any longer currant in England, but to be only currant in Ireland. William Harper, john White, Shrives'. Sir Thomas Ofley Merchant-tailor, Mayor. A false accuser well marked. The 21. of November, a man was brought from Westminster with a paper on his head, riding, his face toward the horse tail, to the standard in Cheap, and there set on the Pillory, and after burned in both the cheeks with the letters F. and A. for falsely accusing one of the Court of the Common Pleas in Westminster of treason. Note this example. The 16. of December, a stranger borne, was arraigned for making keys to Newgate, to have murdered the Keeper, and let forth the prisoners, at which time at his arraignment, he thrust a knife into the side of his fellow prisoner, that had given witness against him, so that he was in peril of death thereby, for the which fact he was immediately taken from the bar into the street before the justice hall, where his hand being first stricken off, he was then hanged on a gibit. The keeper of Newgate was arraigned and indicted, A warning for Gaolers Gun shot into the Court. for that the said prisoner had a weapon about him, and his hands loose. The fourth of january a ship before Greenwich (the Court being there) shot off her Ordinance, The very like chanced in Qu. Eliz●be●hs time. one piece being charged with a bullet, which passed through the Court, and did no more hurt. The seven and twenty of February, an Ambassador came from the Emperor of Muscovy, Ambassador from Moscovy. who was received at Tottenham by the Merchant's adventurers of London, riding in velvet coats and chains of gold, and by them conveyed through the City unto Fanchu●ch street, where he lodged until the twelfth of May, and then returned. The Lord Sturton murdered this men, A precedent of special justice. for the which he was conveyed from the tower of London to Salisbury, and there hanged with four of his servants, the 6. of March. A blazing Star was seen at all times of the night, the 6.7.8.9. and 10. of March. A blazing star. King Philip returned into England and the 12. K. Philip returned into England. of March passed through London, with the Queen and the Nobles of the Realms. The 23. of April, Thomas Stafford and other so the number of 32. persons, coming out of France, 1557 A practice of rebellion took the Castle of Scarborough, which they enjoyed two days, and then were taken & brought to London. The 28. of May, T. Stafford beheaded. T. Stafford was beheaded on the tower hill, & on the morrow three of his companions were drawn to tiborne, and there hanged and quartered. Wars with France. Englishmen sent to Saint Quintans. The 7. of june open war was proclaimed against the French King. The sixth of july the King passed over to Calleiss, and so into Flanders, where he made great provision of War against the French King: the Queen sent over an Army of one thousand horsemen, four thousand footmen, and two thousand pioneers, to aid King Philip, whereof the Earl of Pembroke was general. Anne of Cleave dead An. reg. 5. S. Quintaines taken. Dearth and plenty. The fifth of july died the Lady Anne of Cleave, and was buried at Westminster. The 18. of August the Town of Saint Quintaines was taken by King Philip, with the help of Englishmen, which much vexed the French. This year before harvest, wheat was sold for four mark the quarter, malt at 44. shillings the quarter, beans and Rye at 40. shillings the quarter, and pease at 46. shillings 8. pence. But after harvest, wheat was sold for 5. shillings the quarter, malt 6. shillings eight pence. Rye at three shillings and 4. pence. In the Country wheat was sold for 4. shillings the quarter, malt 4. shillings eight pence, and in the same places a Bushel of Rye for a pound of Candles, which was four pence. Richard Malerie, james Altham, Shrives'. Sir Thomas Curteis Fishmonger, Mayor. Calais lost by the Englishmen. The first of january the French men came to Calais with a great army, and within four days were masters thereof, and shortly after won all the pieces on that side of the sea. The French King also invaded Flanders, spoiled and burnt Dunkirk before King Philip could come to the rescue. The 7. of july, within a mile of Nottingham, 1558 An, reg, 6. A wondrous strange tempest. a tempest of thunder, as it came through 2. towns, beat down all the houses and Churches, the bells were cast to the out side of the Churchyards, and some webs of lead, 400 foot in the field, writhe like a pair of gloves, the river of Trent running between the two towns, the water with the mud was carried a quarter of a mile, and cast against trees, the trees were pulled up by the roots, and cast twelve score off. A child was taken forth of a man's hands, and carried a hundred foot, and then let fall, & so died, five or six men were slain, there fell some hailstones that were fifteen inches about, etc. The quartain agues continued more vehemently than the last year passed, The last years violent fevers continued still. whereof died many old people, especially Priests, so that a great number of Parishes were unserved. john Halse, Richard Champion, Shrives'. Sir Thomas Leigh Mercer, Maior. King Philip being absent out of the Realm, Queen Marie ended her life the 17. of November in the year 1558. when she had reigned 5. years four months, and odd days. The same day deceased Cardinal Poole, and a little before two of her Physicians, beside divers Bishops and Noble men. Queen Mary was buried at Westminster, Queen Mary dieth. and Cardinal Poole at Canterbury. Queen Elizabeth An. reg, 1. THe 17. of November 1558 came certain news unto the Parliament house of the death of Queen Mary, whereat many rejoiced, and many lamented, and forthwith her death being generally known, Q. Elizabeth proclaimed. they proclaimed the Lady Elizabeth second daughter to King Henry the eight. Queen of England, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, etc. In London & Westminster: the Queen was then at Bishop's hatfield, but not proclaimed there until two days after. The Clergy attend the Queen at highgate. The Queen came shortly after from Hatfield to the Charterhouse at London, and all the Bishops met her by the way at Highgate, and kneeling acknowledged their allegiance. The Queen remained at Charterhouse until the time of her Coronation, coronation and the 14. of january she road in triumph through London to the palace of Westminster, and the next day was crowned by Doctor Oglethrop Bishop of Carleite▪ The 20. of january began a parliament, A Parliament. wherein the first fruits, tenths, and the supremacy were reserved and connexed to the Crown: in this parliament time the Queen granted licence for a free disputation to be held in Westminster Church, A disputation concerning some different points in Religion, but it came to no effect. The 24. The mass suppressed, and the service in English. of june the book of common Prayer was established, and the Mass clean suppressed in all Churches. The 11. of july the Citizens made a show before the Queen of armed men, of halberdiers, pikemen, and musketeers. In the foresaid month, Supremacy Bishops deposed. All Monks and monasteries suppressed. the Queen began to put in practise the oath of Supremacy upon Bishops and other chief officers, which divers refused and were deprived, and by authority of this parliament, all such Religious houses as were erected by Queen Mary, were now quite suppressed. In August following all ancient Church relics and new made Images in Queen Mary's reign, All roods & images pulled down. were beaten down and burned in the open streets. The eight of September, Obsequies for the French King. a solemn obsequy was kept in Paul's Church for the French King, Henry the second, who died of a wound which he received in running at tilt in Paris. Thomas Lodge, Roger Martin, Shrives'. The Duke of Norfolk An, reg, 2. 1559 Sir William Hewet, Clothworker, Mayor. The Duke of Norfolk is sent towards Scotland to encounter with the French faction, which at this time was grown very strong in divers parts of Scotland. The Lord Grace besiegeth Leeth. English Commissioners between the French and Scots. In April the Lord Grace entered Scotland with ten thousand men, and besieged Leeth, where between the French and the English were many hot skirmishes, and many slain on either part. In May a noble man of France upon his earnest suit, obtained of the Queen to send sir William Cecil, her principal Secretary, and Doctor Wotton, to treat with the French men in Scotland, by whose wisdom the Scottish faction prevailed, and the French agreed to depart. The 5. of july through shooting of a Gun in a house in crooked lane, a barrel of powder was set on fire, which blew up four houses, shattered divers others, slew twenty persons outright, and hurt as many, besides great damage to houses and goods. All base money suppressed. This year the Queen by consent of her council, made Proclamation for the utter abolishing and suppression of all manner of base copper moneys, which until this time had been currant throughout the Realm in divers Kings reigns, and after this publication there was not any base metal coined in England. Christopher Draper, Thomas Roose, Shrives'. Sir William Chester, Draper; Maior. An, reg. 3. 1561 Marchant-tailors school. The 21. of March the wardens and assistants of the Marchant-tailors in London, founded the famous free school in the Parish of S. Laurence Pounteney, and M. Richard H●ls of the same company, gave 500 l. towards the purchase, wherein the said School is kept. The x. of April W Geoffrey was whipped from the Marshalsey unto Bedlam, False Prophet's. for publishing that one john Moor was jesus Christ, which said john Moor after he had been well whipped, confessed himself a cozening knave. The 4. of june between 4. and 5. Paul's steeple burned. a clock in the after noon, there chanced a terrible tempest of thunder and lightning, and chiefly about London, where amongst many harms, it fired the lofty spire of Paul's steeple, and began about the top thereof, which was two hundred foot high from the top of the stone battlemenes, the fire ceased not until it came down to the roof of the Church, and consumed all the bells, lead and timber work. Alexander Auenon, Humphrey Baskervile. Shrives'. Sir william Harper, Marchant-tailor. Maior. This Sir William haps founded a free School in the town of Bedford, Free school at Bedford. where he was borne. The 15. An, reg. 4. of November the queens Majesty published a Proclamation, wherein the restored to the Realm divers small pieces of silver money, as the piece of six pence, four pence, three pence, two pence, and a penny, three half pence, and three farthings, and also forbade all foreign coins. In March a Mare brought forth a foal with one body and two heads, and a long tail growing out between the two heads. A Sow forrowed a Pig with four legs like to the arms of a man child, with hands and fingers, etc. Monstrons' births. In April a Sow farrowed a Pig with two bodies, eight feet, and but one head, many calves and lambs were monstrous, some with collars of skin about their necks, like to the double cuffs of shirts and neckerchiefes then used. 1562 A monstrous child birth. The 14. of May a man child was borne at Ch●chester in Sussex, the head, arms, and legs whereof, were like an Anatomy, the breast and belly big, from the navel a long string hanging about the neck, a collar of flesh like the ruff of a nekerchiefe, coming up about the ears. The queens Majesty in September addressed a band of her subjects to the town of Newhaven in Normandy, Going to Newhaven upon whose arrival the towns men and inhabitants joyfully surrendered themselves and their towns, which was kept by Englishmen from September, 1562. to the twenty nine of july, 1563. The governor of which band was the Earl of Warwick, who with the Captains serving there, & soldiers trained by them to knowledge of service together, with part of the old approved garrison of Berwick, and at that time both manfully defend the place, and valiantly encountered by sundry skirmishes with County Ringrave and his band, the most part whereof were achieved to the great overthrows of the adversaries part, and singular commendations of ours. William Allin, Richard Chamberlain, Shrives'. Sir Thomas Lodge, Grocer, Mayor. An, reg. 5. Tempest at Leicester. 1563 The 16. of january great tempest of wind and thunder happened in the town of Leicester, which uncovered 411. bay of houses, and overturned many. When the Frenchmen with huge Armies assembled out of all parts of France, to recover the place of passage, the stopping whereof by our power was the double woe of their common wealth, there bred through the season of the year, and putrification of the air, a miserable plague among our men, which marvelously increased with the death of divers of the best Captains and Soldiers, wherewithal there followed a cruel & quick siege, whereat was present the young King himself, the Constable, and the best tried number of warlike Soldiers within the whole Country. The Cannons were placed, the Castle and walls were battered, and sundry breaches made beyond expectation, howbeit they were rewarded by our Sunners, our Captains and soldiers, in courageous order standing at several breaches ready to defend their assaults, which perceived by the enemy, they caused their trumpeters to sound the blast of emparle, that composition might be made, wherein both parties concluded, the town was delivered the 29. of july. The plague of pestilence being in the town of Newhaven, Pestilence in 108. Parishes in London, besides 11. in the suburbs. through the number of soldiers that returned into England, the infection thereof spread into divers parts of this realm, but especially the City of London was so infected, that in the same whole year, that is to say, from the first of january, 1562. until the last of December, in An. 1563 the whole number of all that died of all diseases, as well within the city & liberties as in all out parishes, was 23660▪ & of them there died of the plague twenty thousand, one hundred thirty six. Tempest at London. The 8. of july, happened a great tempest of lightning and thunder, wherethrough a woman and three kine were slain in the Covent garden near Charing Cross: in Essex, a man was torn in pieces, his barn borne down, and his hay burnt. There was no term kept at Michaelmas. Earthquake An Earthquake in the month of Seytember, specially in Lincoln and Northampton shires. Edward Banks, Rowland Hayward, Shrives'. Sir john White Grocer, Mayor. The Mayor taketh his oath at the Tower. An, reg 6. Lightning and thunder. The new Mayor kept his feast at Guildhall, and took his oath at the outermost gate of the Tower of London. From the first of December to the twelfth, was such continual lightning and thunder, that the like had not been seen nor heard by any man living. In the month of December was driven on the shore at Grunsby in Lincolnshire a monstrous fish in length nineteen. yards. his tail xv. foot broad, and vi. yards between his eyes. Term kept at Hertford. 1564 Hillary Term kept at Hertford Castle. Peace proclaimed between England & France. Through suit of the Armourers there was on the vigil of Saint Peter a watch in the City of London, which did only stand in the high street, in Cheap, Cornhill and so forth to A●dgate. The Qu: progress through Cambridg. The fifth of August the queens Majesty in her progress came to the University of Cambridge, & was of all the Students most honourably received in the King's College. She made within S. Mary's Church a notable Oration in Latin, in the presence of the whole learned University, to the Students great comfort. The next day she went forward to Fincinbrooke. The 30. A good device. day of August was enacted by a common Counsel of the City of London, that all such Citizens as from thenceforth should be constrained to sell household stuff, should first cause the same to be cried thorough the City by a man with a bell, and then to be sold by the common outcrier appointed for that purpose. The 20. Great floods in the thames. of September rose great floods in the river of Thames, where through the Marshes were overflowed, and many cattle drowned. Edward jackeman, Lionel Ducket, Shrives'. The second of October was an obsequy at Paul's for Faroinando late Emperor. Obsequio for Ferdinando Emperor. Fiery impressions. The seventh of October at night all the North parts of the Element seemed to be covered with flames of fire, proceeding from the North-east and Northwest toward the midst of the firmament, and descended West. Sir Richard Mallorie Mercer, Maior. The 21. An, reg, 7. The thames frozen over. of December began a frost which continued so extremely, that on newyear's even people went over and along the thames on the ye, from London bridge to Westminster, some played at the football, divers of the Court being then at Westminster, shot at pricks set upon the thames. And people both men and women went on the thames, in greater number than in any street of the City. On the third day of january at night it began to thaw, & on the fifth day was no ye to be seen between London bridge and Lambeth, which sudden thaw caused great floods and high waters that bore down bridges and houses, and drowned many people in England, especially in Yorkshire, Owes bridge was born away. The third day of February, Owes bridge born down H Stuart married the Queen of Scots. 1565 Henry Stevart Lord Darly eldest son to Matthew Earl of Linneaux, took his journey toward Scotland, and in summer following married Mary Queen of Scotland. The 22. of April, the Lady Margaret Countess of Linneaux, was commanded to keep her chamber at the White hall, where she remained till the two and twentieth of june, and then by sir Frances Knowles and the guard conveyed her to the Tower of London by water. Tempests at Chelsford. The 16. of july about nine of the clock at night began a tempest of lightning and thunder, with showers of hail, which continued till three of the clock in the next morning so terrible, that at Chelmisford in Essex, 500 acres of corn was destroyed, the glass windows on the East side of the town, and on the West and South sides of the Church were beaten down, with all the tiles of their houses, besides divers barns, chimneys, and the battlements of the Church which were overthrown. The like harm was done in many other places, as at Léedes, Crainebrooke, Dover, etc. Margrave & Marques of Baden. Christopher Prince, and Margrave of Baden, with Cicely his wife, sister to the King of Swethland, in September landed at Dover, and the xi. day of the same they came to London and were lodged at the Earl of Bedfoords place, where within four days after she traveled, and was delivered of a man child, which child was christened in the queens Chapel of White Hall, the queens Majesty being Godmother, gave the child to name Edward Fortunatus. This year, Muster of horsemen. by commandment of the Counsel divers musters of light horsemen in sundry days, and in several places about the City of London were taken by the Mayor and other commissioners for that purpose, by which means it happened on the eight of October (that Sir Richard Mallorie) riding through Tower street toward the tower hill there to have taken muster, as was appointed, The Mayor of London his sword seized. he was met by Sir Francis jobson then Lieutenant of the Tower, and by him forbidden to enter the hill with the sword before him, whereunto no answers by the Mayor could be heard, but the sword was violently seized on by the Lieutenant and his men, and defended by the officers of the Mayor, so that the Lieutenant called for more assistance out of the Tower, and the majors Officers were minded to have raised tower street, and so more of the City, whereof was like to have been a great tumult, but the Lord Maior caused Proclamation to be made, that no man should draw weapon, or strike any stroke, but every man to depart, horsemen and all, till they were again warned to appear, which was on the same day seven night, being likewise monday, and the xv. of October, that they did there muster before the Mayor in that very place on the tower hill before appointed, where, by the Counsel's appointment, the Mayor had the sword peaceably borne before him, as he had been accustomed. john Rivers, james Hawes, Shrives'. Sir Richard Champion, Draper, Maior. An. reg, 8. The 17. of November. Paul's gate blown open. The 24. of December there rose a great storm of wind, by whose rage the Thames and Seas overwhelmed many persons, and the great gates at the West end of Saint Paul's Church in London, were through the force of the wind then in the western part of the world blown open. 1596 The Marquis of Baden returneth. The ●urse in Cornhill. The Marquis of Caden, and the Lady Cicely his wife, sister to the King of Swethen, now in the month of April departed the land. Certain houses in Cornhill being first purchased by the Citizens of London, and cost them more than 3532. pound, were afterward sold to such as should carry them from thence, and then the ground being made plain, possession thereof was given to Sir Thom. Gresham Knight, there to build a place for Merchants to assemble in, at his own proper charges, who on the 7. of june, laid the first stone of the foundation, and forthwith the workmen followed with such diligence, that by the month of November, in Ann. 1567. the same was covered with slate. The Queen progress to Oxford. The 31. of August the queens Majesty in her Progress came to the University of Oxford, and was of all the Students honourably received. An. reg. 9 The 5. of September after disputations, the Queen at the humble suit of certain of her Nobility, made a brief Oration in Latin to the University, and the 6. her Majesty bade them farewell and road to Ricote. Richard Lambart, Ambrose Nicholas. Shrives'. john Langley, The 4. of April. Maior. Sir Christopher Draper iron-monger. Charles james, the sixth of that name, King james borne. son to Henry Stuart Lord Darly and Marie, King and Queen of Scots, was borne in Edinburgh Castle the ninetéenth of june last passed, and the eighteenth of December solemnly christened at Sterling, whose Godfathers at the Christening were Charles King of France, and Philibert Duke of Savoy, and the queens Majesty of England was the Godmother, who gave a fount of gold curiously wrought and enameled, weighing 333. ounces. The 10. of February in the morning, H, King of Scots murdered. Stuart Lord of Darly, before named King of Scots, by Scots in Scotland was traitorously murdered, the revenge whereof remaineth in the mighty hands of God. The 22. of February the Lady Margaret Dowglas Countess of Linoux, mother to the said King of Scots, was discharged out of the Tower of London. Within the space of ten months last passed, 7. Aldermen deceased in London. Ossestry burnt. died seven Aldermen of London. The 22. of April by great misfortune of fire in the town of Ossestry in Wales, to the number of two hundred houses besides cloth, corn, cattle, etc. were consumed. Milnall in Suffolk burnt. The 17. of May in the town of Milnall in Suffolk, 37. houses besides barns, stables, and such like, were consumed with fire in the space of two hours. Shan Only discomfited. Shan Only who had rebelled against the queens Majesty in Ireland, was this year with his great loss, manfully repelled from the siege of Dundalke, by the Garrison thereof, and afterward through the valiancy of Sir Henry Sidney, Lord Deputy of Ireland, he was so discomfited in sundry conflicts, that now he determined to put a collar about his neck, and penitently to require his pardon. But Neile Mackener his Secretary persuaded him, first to try the friendship of certain wild Scots that then lay encamped in Clan Iboy under the conducting of Alexander Oge, and Mac Gilliam Busk, whose father and uncle Shan Only had lately killed; nevertheless he went to the said Camp the second of june, where after a dissembled entertainment, Gilliam Busk ministered quarrelling talk, Shan Only slain. and made a fray upon Oneiles men, and then gathering together his Scots, hewed in pieces Shan Only, his Secretary, and all his company. Watch at Midsummer. On Saint john's Even at night, was the like standing watch in London, as had been on Saint Peter's Even two years before passed: this order of watch is still continued. The 29. of july Charles james the young Prince of Scotland, Coronation in Scotland after a Sermon made by john Knokes, was crowned King of Scots at Sterling Church, and at that time the Queen of Scots was prisoner at Loughleven. Sir Nicholas Throgmorton having talked with the Queen of Scots at Loughleven, returned out of Scotland in the month of August. Thomas Ramsey, William Bond, Shrives'. Sir Roger Martin, Mercer, Maior. After a dry Summer there followed a sharp winter with such a scarcity of fodder and hay, An, reg, 10 Hay sold by weight. that in divers places the same was sold by the weight, for five pence the stone, there followed also a great death of cattle. In the month of january the queens Majesty sent into the narrow seas, three of her Ships, Ships sent to the sea against the subjects of K. Philip. named the Antilope, the Swallow, and the Aid, and one Bark, named the Phoenix, the which were manned with 500 men: her Highness appointed the charge of those Ships and men to William Holstocke Esquire, Controller of her Ships, who had commandment to stay the subjects of King Philip: and according to his charge, he used such diligence, that on the eleventh of March next following, he was with eleven sail of Flemish Hoys upon Boloine, which came from Rouen, and in them four hundred and odd Tons of Gascoine and French wines, which they intended to have conveyed into Flanders, but William Holstock stayed all the said Hoys, and sent them to London, where they made their discharge. More, on the 28. of March the said W. Holstocke serving in the Antilope, as Admiral in his Company, W. Winter the younger being vice-admiral, serving in the Aid, and john Basin Captain of the Swallow, and Thomas Gaverley Captain of the Phoenix, met in the narrow Seas 14. sail of great Hulks, which were come out of Portugal, and bound to Flanders, their chief lading being Portugal salt, and they had good store of Spanish Rials of plate, & also great store of spices, the which 14. Hulks did maintain their fight for the space of two hours, but the said William Holstocke and his company took the same Hulks, whereof six were sent into the river of Thames, and the Admiral, and Vice-admiral of the said Hulks, being two great ships, which William Holstocke himself did take, were conveyed to Harwich, and there discharged. 1568 Great winds. The 28. of March, through vehement rage and tempest of winds, many vessels on the Thames, with two Tiltboates before Gravesend were drowned. Queen of Shots arrived in England. The 16. of May, Mary Q. of Scots after her escape made out of Loughleven, where she had been long imprisoned, arrived at Werkington in England, having in her company to the number of 16. persons, besides 4. watermen, where she was stayed, and conveyed to Carlisle, and from thence to Bolton castle belonging to the L. Scrope, who with sir Ralph Sadler sent down for that purpose, had the custody of her, till she was committed to the Earl of Shrewsbury. Archbishop of York deceased. The 26. of june, deceased Thomas Young, Archbishop of York at Shefield, and was buried at York. The great hall, and Palace whereof, he had pulled down and destroyed. john Aleph, Richard Harding Salter, james Bacon, Shrives'. The eleventh of October were taken in Suffolk at Downam Bridge, 17. monstrous fishes, Monstrous fishes. some of them 27. foot in length, 2. miles from Ipswich. Sir Thomas Roe Merchant tailor, Mayor. At the cost and charges of the Citizens of London, New Conduit at walbrooke. An, reg, 11 The Burse for meeting of Merchants. a new Conduit was builded at Walbrooke corner, near to Dowgate, the water whereof is conveyed out of the Thames. The 22. of December was the first day that the Merchants left their meeting in Lombard street, and came into the Burse in Cornhill, builded for that purpose. The 27. of january a Frenchman & two Englishmen were drawn from Newgate to tiburne, and there hanged, the French man quartered, who had coined gold counterfeit, the Englishmen, the one had clipped silver, the other cast to●●ons of Tin. William Herbert Earl of Pembroke, deceased the 17. of March, buried in Paul's Church. The 28. of March the Pensioners were appointed in armour on horseback, 1569 Muster of Pensioners. A Lottery at London. mustered before the Queen in Hide Park beside Westminster. A great Lottery of 400000. lots, every lot 10. s. being holden at London in Paul's Churchyard at the West door, was begun to be drawn the 11. of january, and continued day and night till the sixth of May. The 17. of August, an Ambassador from Musconie, landed at Tower-wharf, Ambassador from Muscovy. and was there received by the Lord Mayor of London, Aldermen ●●d Shrives' in Scarlet, with the merchants adventurers in coats of black velvet, all on horseback. Term adjourned. The plague of pestilence somewhat reigning, Michaelmas Term was adjourned unto Hillary Term. Henry Bechar, William Dane. Shrives'. This William Dane by his Testament, and also Margaret Dane his wife gave great Legacies to the poor. The 11. of October, Thomas Duke of Norfolk was brought to the Tower prisoner. Sir Alexander Anenon iron-monger, Maior. No majors feast. This Mayor went by water to Westminster, and there took his oath, but kept no feast at Guildhall, lest through coming together of a multitude, infection of the pestilence might have increased. An, reg. 12. The Earls of Northumberland & Westmoreland proclaimed traitors. Earl of Sussex Lieutenant general against the Earls. The 24. of November the queens Majesty caused the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland, who rebelled in the north, to be proclaimed traitors, and forthwith prepared an Army for their suppression. The Earl of Sussex the queens Lieutenant general in the North, had on the 17. of November there published the like proclamation against the said rebels, and also sent out to all such Gentlemen as he knew to be of her majesties loving subjects under his rule, which came unto him with such a number, as he was able to make above five thousand horsemen and footmen, and so being accompanied with the Earl of Rutland his Lieutenant, the Lord Hunsden General of his Horsemen, William Lord Ewer, who had the leading of the rearward of the footmen, and Sir Ralph Sadler treasurer, who all came to York the 11. of December, they marched from York toward Topcliffe the 12. sir G. Bowes coming from Bernard's Castle met him, and was made Marshal of the Army: then they went to Northalerton, to Smoeton, to Crofebridge, and so to Aclay, on the which day the Rebels fled from Durham to Exham. The Earl of Sussex went from Aclay to Durham: then to Newcastle, and the 20. of December to Exham, from whence the rebels were gone the night before to Naworth, Earl of Warwick sent against the rebels. where counseling with Edward Dakers concerning their own weakness, as also how they were pursued by the Earl of Sussex and his power of 7. thousand. And moreover that the Earl of Warwick, the Lord Clinton, Lord Admiral of England, and Lord Viscount Hereford, with an Army of 12. thousand out of the South, whereof the said Earl of Warwick was general, not far behind them at Brown bridge. The next night the two Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland, The Earl of Northumberland and Westmoreland. with sundry of the principal Gentlemen, fled to Hetlaw in Scotland. The other rebels were shortly after taken by the Earl of Sussex. The fourth and fifth of january did suffer at Durham to the number of sixty six Constables 1570 A caveat for Constables and other, amongst whom an Alderman of the town, and a Priest called Parson Plomtree, were the most notable. Then George Bows Martial finding many to be factors in the aforesaid rebellion, Rebels executed. did see them executed in every market to 〈◊〉 and other places, betwixt Newcastle and W●therby, about 60. miles in length, and 40. mile● in breadth. The 22. of February, Leonard Dacre having raised a number of people, the L. Hunsd●n and other setting on him with a company of valiant soldiers, slew many of his people, and forced him to fly into Scotland. On Goodfriday the twenty seven of March, Simon Digby, john Fulthroppe Esquire, Robert P●●●man, Traitors executed. Thomas Bishop the younger Gentleman, w●re drawn from the Castle of York to Knavesmire, without the City of York, and there hanged, headed and quartered. The Earl of Sussex made journey into Scotland. The 17. of April the Earl of Sussex with the Lord Hunsdon, master William Drewry high Marshal of Berwick, with all the garrison & power of the same, began a journey into Scotland, and entered into Tividale, burnt, overthrew, and spoiled all the Castles, towns and villages before them, till they came to Craling. Sir I. Foster with a garrison entered Scotland. The same day sir john Foster Warden of the Middle Marches with the Garrison of the same, entered into Tividale upon Expas gate sixtéen● miles from Work, where in like order they burnt, razed and spoiled their country before them till they came to Castle Craling, which likewise they overthrew, razed and burnt. There both the Armies met, and so marched by the River of Tiwit, razing, burning and spoiling Castles and piles along the River, till they came to Godworth. The Lieutenant returned to Berwick the 22 of April. The Lord Scrope Warden of the West Marches, entered Scotland the 18. of April, The Lord Scrope entered Scotland. burnt and spoiled almost the Doinfrées, took many prisoners, and returned safely. The Marches of England were so guarded by the Lord Eure, sir George Bowes, and other of the Bishopric, that not one house was burned, nor one cow taken out of England. There were razed and overthrown, and burnt in this journey, above fifty strong Castles and piles, and above 3. thousand towns and villages. The 26. the Lieutenant, accompanied with the Lord Governor, the Marshal, and divers lusty Gentlemen, Captains, and soldiers, to the number of three thousand, set forward to York, and so to Hewme Castle, which Castle was yielded, the Lord Governor, the Lord Martial, Rebels executed at Berwick. and other expelled the Scots, to the number of 160. persons, among whom were two Englishmen, which were carried to Berwick, and there executed. The L. Lieutenant placed in the Castle Captain Wood, and Captain Pikeman with two hundred soldiers, and so returned to Berwick. The fourth of May, he sent master Drewry Martial, with the number of 2000 to take Faust castle, which at the first coming was delivered to the Marshal, who expelled the Scots, and so returned to Berwick. Sir William Drewry set forward toward Edinburgh with divers Scottish bands to join with the Earls of Lineaur, Morton, Glencarne and Marre, with other of the King's power of Scotland, in pursuing of the English rebels, and such as supported them. They came to Edinburgh the 14. of May, and from thence to Lithcoe, where the Regent was slain. The 17. the footmen marched to Fankirke, and Sir William Drewry with the horsemen marched to Sterling, to see the King. The 18. they departed to the foot bands, and so together Marched by Glasco, where the Lord Hambleto● add besieged a house of the Lungs, but hearing of their coming they fled. The 23. our General with the whole Army, marched towards the Castles of Hamleton, and there had parley with Arthur Hamleton, but he would not deliver the Castle: from thence accompanied with the Earl of Lenox and Mortaine with the horsemen, marched to a fair house of the Abbots of Kelwing, which house they burned with 17. houses more, whereof one was the Lord Lanhaps. The 27. of May, Thomas Norton and Christopher Norton of Yorkshire, The Nortons' executed. were drawn from the Tower of London to Tyburn, and there hanged, headed, and quartered. The 28. of May, the Castle of Hamleton was yielded to sir William Drewry, Hamleton in Scotland yield. Conspiracy in Norfolk and by him presently spoiled and burnt. A conspiracy was made by certain Gentlemen and other in the country of Norfolk, whose purpose was on Midsummer day at Harlestone fair with sound of Trumpet, to have raised a number, and then to proclaim their pretence against strangers and others. This matter was uttered by T. Kete unto I. Kensey, who forthwith sent the same Kete to the next justice, before whom he opened the whole matter, whereupon Master D. Drewry immediately apprehended john Throgmorton, and after him many Gentlemen of the City of Norwich, and the Country of Norfolk, and at the next Sessions of goal delivery, at the Castle of Norwich, ten of them were endifed of high treason, three of them were hanged, bowelled & quartered, which were I. Throgmorton, Thomas Brooke, and George Dedman. The 4. Duke of Norfolk removed. of August the Duke of Norfolk was removed to the Charterhouse near unto Smithfield. The same day was arraigned I. Felton for hanging a Bull at the gate of the Bishop of London's Palace, Felton executed. and also two young men for coining and clipping, who all were found guilty of high treason. The 8. of August, I. Felton was drawn from Newgate into Paul's Churchyard, & there hanged before the Bishop's Palace gate, and being cut down alive, was bowelled and quartered. The Shrives' returned to tiburne with two young men, which were there executed for coining and clipping. The 22. of August the Earl of Sussex and the Lord Scrope marched from Carlisle with the Queen Army, A journey into Scotland. and force of the North into Scotland, passing over the River of Eske, Levin, and Sarke, so to Dornocke wood, and then to Annonna, a strong house of the L. Harris, which they razed & overthrew with others thereabouts, from thence to Hodhim, which they blewe up, from thence to Kennel, which they burned, from thence to Domfrées, which they sacke●, and overthrew a sumptuous house belonging to the Queen of Scots, then passing the river of Longher, they burned and spoiled Cowhilles and Powtracke, and returned to Domfrées, and so to the town of Bankende, which they burned, with another house pertaining to William Maxwell, and so to the Castle of Calavoracke, which castle they blew up and returned. The 28. of August they marched towards Carlisle, where by the way they burned two houses the one being Arthur Greames, the other Rich George. Francis Barnam, William Box, Shrives'. The fifth of October happened a terrible tempest of wind and rain, by means whereof many ships and other vessels were drowned: High waters. the waters overflowing drowned many towns, villages, cattle, houses and goods, beside many men, women, and children drowned in their beds. Sir Rowland Hayward Clothworker. Maior. In the month of December the money sent out of Spain to the Duke of Alva, An, reg, 13. than Governor in the Low Countries, therewith to have paid his Soldiers, was taken by the Queen of England's ships on the west vasts, brought a land there▪ and so to the Tower of London. Also a proclamation was published of the causes why the same money was so stayed here. The 23. Royal Exchange. of january the queens Majesty accompanied with her Nobility, came to sir Thomas Gresham in Bishop's gate street of London, where ●he dined, and after returning through Cornhill, entered the Burse, which place she caused by an Herald to be proclaimed the Royal Exchange. The 17. of February, at Kingston, A strange kind of earth removed. near Marclech, in the County of Hereford, was seen the ground to open, and certain rocks with a piece of ground removed, and went forward the space of four days. It removed itself between six of the clock in the evening and seven the next morrow, forty paces, carrying great trees & shéep-coates, some with threescore sheep in them. The depth of the hole where it first broke out, is thirty foot, the breadth of the breach is eightscore yards, and in length above twenty score yards, it overthrew Rinnastone Chapel. Also two high ways b● removed nigh an hundred yards, with the trees of the hedgerowes. The ground in all is 26. acres, and where tillage ground was, there is pasture left in place, and where was pasture, there is tillage ground gone upon it. 1571 Parliament. The second of April a Parliament began at Westminster, wherein was granted by the Clergy a subsidy of six shillings in the pound, and by the temporality two fifteens, with a Subsidy of 20. s. 8. d. in the pound. Doctor story executed. The first of june john Story a Doctor of the Canon law, who before had been condemned of high treason, was drawn from the tower of London to Tyburn, and there hanged, and quartered. A combat appointed at Tuthill. The 18. of june there was a combat appointed to have been fought for a certain Manor and demain lands in the Isle of Harty in Kent; Simon Low, and john Rhyme plaintiffs, had brought a writ of right against Thomas Paramour, who offered to defend his right by battle, and the plaintiffs aforesaid accepted to answer his challenge. Hereupon the said Paramour brought before the judges of the common Pleas at Westminster one George thorn, and the plaintiffs brought Henry Naylor Master of defence. thorn cast down a gauntlet, which Naylor took up: upon the sunday before the battle should be tried, on the next morrow the matter was stayed, and the parties agreed, that Paramour being in possession should have the land. Tee quarrel of combat stayed. It was thought good that for Paramours assurance, the order should be kept touching the combat, and that the Plaintiffs should make default of appearance, and that the Court should fit in Tuthill fields, where was prepared one plot of ground one and twenty yards square, double railed for the combat, without the West square a stage being set for the judges, representing the Court of common pleas. About ten of the clock the Court of common pleas came to the place prepared: when the Lord chief justice with two other his associates were set, then Low was called to come in, or else lose his writ of right. Then the sureties of Henry Naylor were called to bring in the said Naylor, champion of Simon Low, and shortly thereupon Sir Jerome Bows leading Naylor entered the lists, bringing him down till he came against the judges, and there making courtesy, Naylor put off his neither stocks, and so bore footed and bare legged, and his doublet sleeves tied up to the elbow bore headed, came in as aforesaid. Then were called the sureties of George Thorn, and immediately sir Henry Cheiney entering used the like order as Naylor had. After all this, the Lord chief justice rehearsing the manner of bringing the Writ of right by Simon Low, of the answer made by Paramour, and how Paramour had challenged to defend his right by his champion, and of the accepting the trial by law with his champion, then for default of appearance in Low, he judged the Land to Paramour, and dismissed the Champions. The 16 of july Rebecca Chamber of Heriettesham, for poisoning T. Chambers A woman burnt. her husband, was burnt at Maidstone in Kent. The 7 of September the Duke of Norfolk was removed from the Charter house to the Tower of London. Duke of Norfolk sent to the Tower. B. of Salisbury deceased. The twenty two of September deceased john jewel Bishop of Salisbury, in his life a most eloquent and diligent preacher, but a far more painful and studious writer, as his works remaining witness. Shrieves. Henry Milles, john Branch. Maior. Sir William Allen Mercer. The christian victory against the Turks. The battle of Lepanto Anno reg. 14. The 9 of November great rejoicing was made at London, for the late come news of a marvelous victory obtained by the Christian army by sea, against the Turks the sixth of October last passed, wherein was taken and sunk of the Turks Galleys and Brigantines 230, there were slain of the Turks more than thirty thousand, beside a great number of prisoners taken, and about 12000 Christians that had been slaves with the Turks, were set at liberty. The 13 of january deceased sir William Peter knight, S.W. Peter deceased. who had been Secretary and of the privy Council to four Kings and queens in this Realm, and seven times L. Ambassador abroad in foreign lands: he augmented Excester College in Oxford, with lands, to the value of one hundred pounds by year. The 16 of january, Thomas Duke of Norfolk was arraigned in Westminster Hall, Duke of Norfolk arraigned. and there by his Peers found guilty of high Treason. The 11 of February Kenelm Barn and Edmond Mather, were drawn from the Tower of London, and Henry Rolfe from the Marshalsée in Southwark, all three to Tyburn, and there hanged, bowelled and quartered, Barncy and Mather for conspiracy, and Rolfe for counterfeiting the queens hand. The 12 of February was proclamation made for the sharp punishment of such as conveyed bells, lead, A proclamation. and other Church goods out of the Parish Churches or Chapels. The tenth of March deceased sir William Pawlet knight, Lord Saint john Earl of Wiltshire, Marquis of Winchester, knight of the Garter, one of the queens majesties privy Counsel, and Lord high Treasurer of England. He was borne in the year of our Lord 1483, he served Henry the 7, Henry the 8, Edward the 6, 1572. Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth. Himself did see the children of his children's children, growing to the number of 103. The 25 of March by the commandment of the Counsel, the Citizens of London assembling at their several halls, the master collected the most active persons of every their companies, to the number of 3 thousand, whom they appointed to be pikemen and shot, the pikemen were forthwith armed in fair corselets, Soldiers trained. the gunner's had every of them his Calliever, with the furniture. To these were appointed divers captains, who to train them up in warlike feats, mustered them thrice every week, sometime in the artillery yard, teaching the gunner's to handle their pieces, sometime at the miles end, & in Saint George's field teaching them to skirmish. On May day they mustered at Greenwich before the queens majesty, where they showed many warlike feats, A show at Greenwich. but were much hindered by the weather, all day showering. It was enacted that all persons above the age of fourteen years, being taken, vagrant, and wandering misorderly, should be apprehended, whipped, and burnt through the right ear with a hot iron for the first time so taken, the second time to be hanged. The massacre in France Duke of Norf. beheaded. French Ambassador. This year 1572, was the Massacre in Paris. The 2 of june Thomas Duke of Norfolk was beheaded on tower hill. Francis Duke of Memorency, and Betraude de Saligners, Knights of the order of Saint Michael, Ambassadors for Charles king of France arrived at Dover. The 15 of june they repaired to the White hall, and there in her Grace's chapel about one of the clock in the after noon, the Articles of treaty, league or confederacy, and sure friendship concluded at Bloys the ninetéenth of April, between the queens majesty and the French King, being read, the same was by her majesty and his Ambassadors confirms to be observed and kept. Earl of Northumberland beheaded. The 22 of August Thomas Percy Earl of Northumberland, now brought out of Scotland whither he had fled, was beheaded at York. In the month of August sir Thomas Smith, Enlishmen sent to Ireland. one of the queens majesties privy Counsel, sent his son Thomas Smith Esquire, into Ireland with a Colony or habitation of English men to inhabit the Ardes in Ulster. Richard Pipe, Nicholas Woodroffe. Shrives'. Sir Lionel Ducket, mercer. Maior. The 18 of November was seen a star Northward, An. reg. 15▪ A strange star. very bright and clear in the contestation of Cassiopeia, which with three chief fixed stars of the said constellation made a geometrical figure lozengewise, of the learned men called Rombus: this star in bigness at the flrst appearing, seemed bigger than jupiter, and much less than Venus when she seemed greatest, also the said star never changing his place, was carried about with the daily motion of heaven, as all fixed stars commonly are, and so continued almost six months. The same star was found to be in place celestial, far above the Moon, otherwise than ever any comet hath been seen, or naturally can appear: therefore it is supposed, that the signification thereof is directed purposely, and specially to some matter not natural, but celestial, or rather supercelestial, so strange, as from the beginning of the world never was the like. The 14 of November, Edward Earl of Derby, Lord Stanley and Strange, L. The Earl of Derby deceased. and Governor of the Isle of Man, knight of the noble Order of the Garter, and one of the queens majesties Privy Counsel, deceased: His life and death deserving commendation, and craving memory to be imitated, was such as followeth. His fidelity to two Kings and two Queens in dangerous times and great rebellions, in which time & always as cause served, he was Lieutenant of Lancashire and Cheshire. His godly disposition to his tenants, never forcing any service at their hands, but due payment of their rent. His liberality to strangers, his famous houskéeping, his feeding of aged persons twice a day forty and odd, besides all comers thrice a week appointed for his dealing days, and every good Friday 35 years relieved one with another 2700, with meat, drink, and money worth. His cunning in setting bones disjointed or broke, his chirurgery & desire to help the poor, his delivery of his George and seal of the Lord Strange, An. reg. 15 with exhortation that he might keep it so unspotted in fidelity to his Prince, as he had, and his hope that he died in the queens favour, his joyful parting this world, his taking leave of all his servants by shaking of hands, and his remembrance to the last day. The 18 of january William Lord Herbert Earl of Worcester, began his journey toward France, to the christening of the King's daughter there, in stead of the queens majesty of England. The said Earl with many of his company, were robbed upon the sea of much of their baggage▪ and three or four of their men slain. In the month of February through sundry heinous complaints brought to the queens Majesty and her Counsel, The narrow sea scoured. of Pirates that kept the narrow Seas, doing many robberies, as also the robbing of the Earl of Worcester, it pleased her Majesty to send one of her Ships named the Swallow, under the charge of William Holstocke Esquire, controller of her highness ships, who had with him the Gillian, the Bark Garet, and the Bark of Yarmouth, and 306 able Mariners, Gunners, and Soldiers in the said three ships, and one Bark which scoured the narrow Sea, from the North forland as far Westward as Falmouth in Cornwall, and took twenty ships and Barks of sundry nations, viz. English, French, and Flemings, (but all Pirates) and in fashion of war. Pirates on the West seas. He apprehended in those ships and Barks to the number of 900 men of all nations, and sent them to Sandwich, Dover, Wight, and Portsmouth (whereof three of them that rebbed the Earl of Worcester were shortly after executed at Wight.) Also the said William Holstocke did rescue and take from the abovesaid Pirates, xv. other merchants ships laden with merchandises, that were their prizes, Pirates executed. being of sundry nations, and set at liberty the said fifteen merchants ships and goods: which done he returned. The 25 of March being Wednesday in Easter week, George Browne cruel murdered near to Shooters-hill in Kent, a wealthy merchant of London named George Sanders, 1573. G. Sanders murdered. & john bean of Wolwich, which murder was committed by the procurement of mistress Sanders, wife to the said George Sanders, G. Brown, Anne Sanders, Anne Drury, & trusty Roger, hanged. for the which fact, George Browne was hanged in Smithfield in London, the 20 day of April, and after hanged in chains near unto the place where he had done the fact. Mistress Anne Sanders, mistress Anne Drewry, and trusty Roger mistress Druries' man, were all as accessary, hanged in Smithfield on the 13 of May. Not long after Anthony Browne, A. Browne hanged at York. brother to the forenamed George Browne, was for notable felonies conveyed from Newgate to York, and there hanged. This year the Queen of England being moved by the Regent of Scotland, sent a power of 1500 Englishmen to the siege of Edenborow Castle, sir William Drewry knight Marshal of Berwick, to be general of her forces there, who with his Captains and soldiers marched thitherward from Berwick to Léeth, and from thence on the 25 of April to Edinburgh, entered the town, & the same day, summoned the Castle, raised mounts, & began the siege in five places, Edinburgh castle yielded to the English. continuing the same so hot, the on the 28 of May, the Castle was surrendered into his hands, & his ensign was set up, and afterwards spread in sundry places of the Castle, and afterwards, by him it was delivered unto the use of the K. of Scots, part of the spoil was given to the soldiers, the Canons and artillery with certain other instruments left to the King: more you may read in my Annals. The second of june, Hail in Northamptonshire. a great tempest of rain happened at Tocester, in Northhampton shire, wherethrough six houses of that Town were borne down, and fourteen more sore perished, the hailstones were six inches about, one child was there drowned: and many sheep with other cattle. The sixteenth of june, T. Woodhouse Thomas Woodhouse. Priest was arraigned in the Guild hall of London, and condemned of high Treason, who had judgement to be hanged and quartered, and was executed at Tyburn, the 19 of june. The sixteenth of August, Walter, Earl of Essex, accompanied with the Lord Rich, and divers other Gentlemen, embarked themselves in several ships at Lerpoole, and took their voyage towards Ireland. The Earl of Essex sailed into Ireland. The Earl after many and great dangers on the Sea, landed at Knockfergus. The Lord Rich with the like dangers, landed at Castle Kilcliffe; where being met by Captain Malby, master Smith, and master Moor, was conductdd to master Malbies' house, where he had in readiness on the morrow morning 150 horsemen for their safeguard to Knockfergus, beside 50 kerns. Sir Brian Makephelin on the 6 of September, came to Knockfergus, to the Earl of Essex, and there made his submission. After him, Ferdorough Macgillasticke Roze, Oge, Macwilline did the like, and divers others, sent their messengers to the Earl, to signify, that they were at his disposition, as the Baron of Dongarrow, Condonell, Odonell, and the Captain Kylulto. The Earl of Essex, having the country of Clanyboy, Earl of Essex General of Ulster. and other, the queens Majesty directed her Letters to the Lord Deputy of Ireland, willing him to make the Essex Captain general of the Irish Nation, in the Province of Ulster, and to divide the country won, Clanyboy, and elsewhere, etc. Shrieves. james Harvey, Thomas Pullison. Maior. Sir john Rivers, Grocer. An. reg. 16 A monstrous fish. The 6 of july in the Isle of Thanet, a monstrous fish of the sea, did shut himself on shore, where for want of water, beating himself on the sands, he died. The length of this fish was twenty two yards, the neither jaw, 12 foot, the opening, the thickness from the back whereon helay, to the top of his belly, was 14 foot, his tail of the same breadth, between the eyes, 12 foot, some of the ribs were 16 foot long, his tongue was fifteen foot long. Obsequy for the K. of France. The 7 of August, a solemn Obsequy was kept in Paul's Church in London, for Charles the 9 King of France. The 15 of August, being Sunday, Agnes Bridges, a maid about the age of 20 years, and Rachel Pinder, a wench about 12 years old, who both of them had counterfeited to be possessed by the devil, stood at Paul's Cross, where they acknowledged their hypocritical counterfeiting, requiring forgiveness of God, & the world: for they had made the people believe many things. The 4 of September in the afternoon, A Lad drowned in a channel in London. such a form of rain happened at London, as the like of long time could not be remembered, wherethrough, the channels of the City, suddenly ran with a forcible course, that a lad about the age of 18 years, near unto Dowgate, was borne over with the stream, and by the same, carried from the conduit there, towards the Thames, with such a swiftness, that no man with staves, or otherwise, could stay him, till he came against the cart wheel, that stood in the water gate, afore which time he was drowned, and found starke-dead. Thomas Blank, Antony Gammage. james Hawes Hawes, Cloathworker. This Mayor kept no feast at the Guild hall, but dived at his own house, No majors feast. with his brethren the Aldermen, the companies dined at their several halls. Michaelmas Term, Term adjourned. Two tides in one hour. Fiery impressions marvelous. An. reg. 17 which had been adjourned by Proclamation, began at Westminster on the sixth of November. The same sixth day in the morning, there happened two great tides in the River of Thames: the first, by course, the other, within an hour after, which overflowed the marshes. The 14 of November, about midnight, diverse strange impressions of fire and smoke were seen in the Air, to proceed forth of a black cloud in the North, towards the South, which so continued till the next morning. The next day following, the heavens from 〈◊〉 parts did seem to burn, and over our heads 〈◊〉 flames from the Horizon round about rising 〈◊〉 meet. Flies in February, the number strange The four and twentieth of February, 〈◊〉 Tewksbury a strange thing happened after 〈◊〉 flood, which was not great. In the afternoons there came down the river of Auen, great number of Flies and Béetles, such as in Summer evenings use to strike men on the face, in great heaps, a foot thick upon the water, so that to credible men's judgement, there were within a pair of butts length of those flies, about a hundred quarters. The mills thereabout, we●● dammed up with them, for the space of four days after, and then were cleansed by digging them out with shovels, from whence they came, as yet unknown, but the day was cold, and a hard frost. The 16 of February, between four and five of the clock in the afternoon, Earthquake. great Earthquakes happened in the City of York, Worcester, Gloucester, Bristol, Hereford, and the Countries about, which caused the people to run out of their houses, for fear they should have fallen upon their heads. In Tewksbury, Bredon, and other places, the dishes fell from the cupboards, and the Books in men's studies from the shelves. In Norton chapel, the people being on their knees at evening prayer, the ground moving, caused them to run away in great fear, fearing that the dead bodies would have risen, or the Chapel have fallen: part of Rithing Castle fell down, with certain brick Chimneys in gentlemen's houses. On Easter day, the third of April, 1575. Anabaptists at Paul's cross. was disclosed a Congregation of Anabaptists, Dutchmen, in a house without the bars of Algate, at London, whereof 17 were taken, and sent to prison, and four of them bearing faggots, recanted at Paul's cross, on the 15 of May. The 17 of May, Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury deceased. Doctor of Divinity, Archbishop of Canterbury deceased at Lambeth, and there was honourably buried. This reverend Father examined thoroughly the English translation of the holy Bibles, wherein he partly used the help of his brethren Bishops, and other Doctors, and caused the same to be newly printed in the largest Volume, for the furniture of many Churches then wanting. Also making diligent search for the antiquities of the Britons, and English Saxons, to the end those monuments might be carefully kept, he caused them to be well bound, and trimly covered, and such, whereof he knew very few copies to be extant (amongst the which, whereunto I am witness, and was an helper, was Matthew Paris, Matthew Florilogus, and Thomas Walsingham) he caused to be printed. The famous Palace of his Sea at Canterbury decayed, he renewed and fully restored with the charges of more than one thousand four hundred pound. He founded a Grammar school in Rach●a●●● in the County of Lancaster, and did many other good deeds to Colleges, in giving scholarships, Books, Money, and Plate, etc. The 21 of May, one man, and ten women Anabaptists Dutch, Anabaptists banished. were in the consistory of Paul's, condemned to be burnt, only one woman was converted, the other were banished. Family of love. The 21 of june, stood at Paul's Cross, five persons, termeth, the Family of Love, who there confessed themselves utterly to detest as well the Author of the Sect, H. N. as all his damnable errors and heresies. Anabaptists burnt. The 22 of july, two Dutchmen Anabaptists were burnt in Smithfield. Thunder and hail. The 30 of july in the afternoon, was a great tempest of lightning and thunder, wherethrough both men and beasts in divers places were stricken dead. Also at that time fell hail stones seven inches about. The 26 of September, a Poulter's wife in the Parish of Christ's Church, Four children at a burden. within Newgate in London, was brought to bed of four children at one burden, all maiden children, and the same day month, the mother was buried, but all the four children living, and were christened, but lived not long. Shrieves. Edward Osborne, Wolstone Dixie. Maior. Sir Ambrose Nicholas Salter. This Mayor went by water to Westminster, and there took his oath: he kept no feast at Guildhall, but dined at his own house with his brethren. The Companies dined at their several halls. The 11 of February Anne Aueries widow, forswearing herself for a little money, An. reg. 18 God punisheth perjury. that she should have paid for six pounds of ●●w at a Shop in Woodstréet of Londun, fell immediately down spéechles, casting up at her mouth, the same matter, which by Nature's course, should have been voided downwards, till she died. A terrible example of God's judgement, upon such as make no conscience of swearing, though it be against their own elder brother. The 15 of February, Edmond Grindall, Archbish. elected. sometime Bishop of London, late Archbishop of York, was in the Chapter house of S. Paul's Church at London, elected Archbishop of Canterbury. The 5 of March, in the night, a Tilt-ooat, Tiltboat drowned. 1576. with about the number of thirty persons, coming from Gravesend, toward London, were all drowned, one by excepted. The 15 of june, Martin Frobisher, Frobishers' first voyage for the discovery of Cathay. with two small Barkers, and one Pinnace, departed from Blackwall, upon his voyage for the discovery of a passage to Cathay, by the Northwest seas. Upon the first of july, he had sight of Freesland, but durst not approach the same, by reason of the great Ice that lay along the coast: not far from thence he lost his pinnace, and one of his Barks, who mistrusting the danger of tempests, returned home, with report that their General Martin Frobisher was cast a●way, which Captain notwithstanding continued his course Northwest, beyond any man that hath heretofore discovered, and the 20 of july, had a sight of a high land, which he named Queen Elizabeth's foreland, and after that another foreland with a great passage, dividing as it were, the two main lands asunder, this place he named Frobishers strait. After he had passed sixty leagues further, he went a shore, found the same to be inhabited with savage people, brought one of them into his Bark, and returning, arrived in England in the month of August. One of his company brought from thence a piece of black stone, which being brought to certain Goldfiners to make a say thereof, found it to hold gold (as they said) and that very richly. The month of August, many complaints being brought to the Queen against the Flushingers, for great spoils and robberies by them daily committed upon her Subjects, her majesty gave order to put four good ships and two Barks of her own to the Seas, under the charge of master William Holstocke Esquire, controller of all her highness ships, with 1100 men, victualled for six weeks, in which time was by them taken eight Flushingers ships, and ba●kes, prizes, and two hundred and twenty Sea Rovers in them, who were sent to sundry prisons. Walter, Earl of Essex, and Earl Martial of Ireland, Knight of the Garter, Earl of Essex deceased. falling sick of a lask, the 25 of August, deceased on the 12 of September, at Divelon in Ireland, and was buried at Carmarthen in Wales. William Kempton, George Barn. Shrieves. john Langley Goldsmith. Maior. The 17 of March, An. reg 19 Patrick Brunton overturned. through a strange tempest which happened in the North, near to a Town called Richmond, not only cottages, trees, barns, and haystackes, but also the most part of a Church called Patrick Brunton, was overthrown, with most strange sights in the Air, both terrible and fearful. The 26 of March, 1577. Charitable acts of M. Lamb. Holborn conduit builded. the new conduit near unto Holborn, with one cock at Holborn Bridge, were begun to be founded by William Lamb, sometime Gentleman of the Chapel to Ring Henry the eight, now citizen and Clothworker of London. The water whereof is conveyed into pipes of Lead, to the said conduit, more than two thousand yards in length; all which, of his own costs and charges, amounted to the sum of 19 hundred pound, was fully finished the 24 of August, in the same year. The said W. Lamb hath given to the company of Stationers, 6 pound 13 shillings, four pence, in the Parish Church of S. Faiths under Paul's Church in London, to give to twelve poor people every friday, 12 pence in money, and 12 pence in bread. Item to Christ's Hospital in London, yearly for ever, 6 pounds, and 100 pounds in many to purchase lands. Item to Saint Thomas Hospital in Southwark, four pounds yearly. Item to the Hospital, called the Savoy sometime. 10 pounds at once, to buy bedding for the poor. Item to the Clothworkers in London, 4 pounds in the year. Also more, his late dwelling house, with other, to the value of 30 pounds the year, to the intent they should hire a Minister, to say divine service every Sunday, Wednesday, and Friday, and that four Sermons every year, after his decease, be preached in the Church, to the said house belonging, called S. james in the wall by Creplegate, and also to give to 12 poor men, yearly, on the first of October, to every one a Gown of good Freeze, ready made, a shirt of good locoram, & a strong pair of shoes. And 12 poor women, 12 gown● of the like Freeze, 12 smocks, and twelve pair of shoes for ever. A Free school and alms houses at Sutton in Kent. Item he erected a free School, and six alms houses at Sutton valens in Kent, where he was borne, and appointed for the Master, twenty pounds, and the usher ten pounds yearly for ever, and to the six alms-houses, ten pounds yearly, with an orchard and gardens. Item towards a free School at Maidstone in Kent. Item to set poor Clothiers awork, in the country of Suffolk, one hundred pounds. To the towns of Ludlow and Bridgenorth, each of them a hundred pounds. The 31 of May, Martin Frobisher, A Second voyage toward Cathay. with one Ship and two Barks, furnished for that purpose, sailed from Harwich, in Essex, towards Cathay, by the Northwest Seas, and entered his straits, beyond Queen Elizabeth's fore-land, about thirty leagues, where he went on shore, and finding store of gold Ore (as he had been informed) fraught his Ship and Bark, caught a man, woman and child of that country, and then on the twenty four of August, returning, arrived at Milford haven on the twentieth of September. The 20 of june, W. Worth the reading. Lumney a poor man in the Parish of Emely, in the county of Worcester, being kept in prison by a wealthy Widow, he having a Mare of 22 years old, with Foal, within three days after, his Mare foaled a Mare Colt, the which immediately had an udder, out of the which was milked the same day a pint of Milk, and every day after, gave above three pints, to the great sustentation of the said poor man's wife and children, the which Colt continued in that sort, long time after, as hath been seen of many thousands. Strange & sudden sickness at Oxford. The fourth, fifth, and sixth days of july, was the Assizes held at Oxford, where was arraigned and condemned one Rowland jenkes, for his seditious tongue, at which time there arose amidst the people a damp, that almost all were smothered, very fewescaped, that were not taken at that instant, the jurors died presently: shortly after died Sir Robert Bell, Lord chief Baron, Sir Road Olie, Sir W. Babington, Master Weneman, M. the Olie, high Shrieve, M. Danvers, M. Harcourt, M. Kirle, M. Pheteplace, M. Greenewood, M. Foster, M. Nash, Sergeant Baram, M. Stephens, etc. There died in Oxford three hundred persons, and sickened there, but died in other places, 200 & odd, from the sixth of july, to the twelfth of August, after which day died not one of that sickness, nor one of them infected not another, nor any one woman or child died thereof. Tempest in Norff. On Sunday, the fourth of August, between the hour of 9 and 10 of the clock in the forenoon, whilst the Minister was reading of the second Lesson in the Parish Church of Blib●rough (a town in Suffolk) a strange and te●●le tempest of Lightning and Thunder, stroke through the wall of the same Church, into the ground, almost a yard deep, drove down all the people on that side, above 20 persons, then renting the wall up to the Revestry, cloven the door, and returned to the Steeple, rend the timber, broke the chains, and fled toward Bongey, six miles off: the people that were stricked down, were found groveling more than half an hour after, whereof a man and a boy were found stack dead, the other were scorched. The like flash of Lightning and cracks of Thunder, rend the Parish Church of Bongey, nine miles from Norwich, wrung in sunder the wires & wheels of the clock, slew two men which sat in the belfry, and scorched another, which hardly escaped. The stone Tower of London Bridge, The tower upon London Bridge new builded with timber. being decayed, was taken down, and a new foundation drawn, Sir john Langley, Lord Mayor of the City of London, laid the first stone, the 28 of August, in the presence of the Shrieves of London, and the two Bridgemasters. Nicholas Backhouse, Francis Bowyer. Shrieves. Sir Thomas Ramsey, Grocer. Maior. This sir Thomas Ramsey, Sir Thom. Ramseyes' gift, is of 243 l. the year, to Christ's Hospital Lord Mayor of the City of London, with the goodly and virtuous Lady, Dame Mary his wife, both living, being seized of lands in the right of the said Dame Mary, and of her inheritance, have given the fee simple of the same lands, being the yearly value of 243 l to Christ's Hospital in London. The rents and profits whereof are limited to be employed, as followeth, viz. unto Peter House in Cambridge, shallbe given yearly forty pound to the finding of four scholars, and two fellows there. More, ten pound yearly towards the relieving of the poor, harboured in the Hospital of Saint Bartholomew in London, and other ten pounds yearly, to the relieving of poor Prisoners, in the four Prisons of London, to wit, Newgate, Ludgate, and the two Counters, this to be continued for ever, the residue to be converted towards relief of the poor children of Christ's Hospital aforesaid. This gift she afterward in her widowhood, confirmed, and augmented greatly, both in her life, and by her Testament. A blazing Star. The 11 of November, at night, was seen a blazing Star with a long stream, which was nightly seen, till eight of the clock. An. reg 20 Sergeants feast. Tae 19 of November, the new Sergeants at the Law, seven in number, held their feast in the Temple of London. A warning to Conjurers. The 17 of january, one Simon Pembroke, dwelling in Southwark, being vehemently suspected to be a conjuror, by commandment of the ordinary judge for those parts, appeared in the Parish Church of Saint Saviour, at the court holden there: which Simon busied in entertaining a Proctor, and having money in his hand, leaned his head upon the pew, wherein the Proctor stood, which after he had done a certain space, the Proctor began to lift up his head, to see what he ailed, and found him departed out of life, and straightway the said Simon fell down, rattling a little in the throat, and never spoke word after. This was done even as the judge came into the church, who said it was the just judgement of God, towards those that used Sorcery, and a great example to admonish others to fear the justice of God. After his clothes being opened, there were found about him devilish books of conjuration, and abominable practices, a picture of a man, having three dice in his hand, and this writing, Chance dice fortunately, and divers papers of such like matters, as he had dealt in for men, such as are mentioned in Leviticus, the 20 chapter, the 6 verse. If any soul turn himself after such as work with spirits, and after soothsayers, to go awhooring, (saith the Lord) I will put my face against that soul, and will cut him off from among my people. The 3 of February, john Nelson, Nelson executed. for denying the queens supremacy, was drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged and quartered. The 10 of March, 1578. deceased the Lady Margaret, Countess of Lineaux, and was buried at Westminster. The 31 of May, Martin Frobisher, Frobishersthird voyage. with fifteen sail of good ships well appointed, departed from Harwich in Essex, on his third voyage towards Cathay. The 31 of july, after many attempts, and sundry times being put back by islands of Ice in his straits, he came to anchor in the islands, now by her Majesty named Meta incognita, whereas in the year before, they fraght their ships with the like Ore, and then on the last of August, returning thence, arrived safely in England, about the first of October. Shrieves. George Bond, Thomas Starky. Maior. Sir Richard Pipe, Draper. An. reg. 21 Cassimere received. The 22 of january, about 7 of the clock at night, john Cassimere, Count Palatine of the Rhine, and Duke of Bavaria, landing at the Tower of London, was there by divers Noble men, and others, honourably received, and conveyed by cresset-light, and torchlight to Sir Thomas Gressam's house in Bishopsgate street, where he was feasted and lodged till Sunday next, and then by the Nobility, brought to the court at Westminster, and after lodged in Sommerset-house. On the eight of February, he was made Knight of the Garter, and on the fourteenth of February, departed from London homewards, with great rewards given by the queens Majesty, the Nobility, and men of honour. Deep snow upon a sudden. The fourth of February, and the night following, fell such abundance of snow, that on the fifth in the morning, the same was found at London, to be two foot deep in the shallowest, and otherwise being driven by the wind very boisterous in the North-east, on banks, an ell, or yard and a half deep, in the which drifts of snow in the countries, many cattle, and some men and women were overwhelmed and lost, it snowed till the eight day, and fréezed till the tenth. When following a thaw, with continual rain a long time after, Greatland waters which caused such high floods, that the Marshes and low grounds being drowned, the water rose so high in Westminster hall, that after the fall thereof, some fishes were found there to remain. The 20 of February deceased sir Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper of the great Seal of England, Lord Keeper deceased. who was honourably buried under a sumptuous monument in Paul's Church of London, the 9 of March. The 25 of April sir Thomas Bromley knight, 1579 Lord chancellor. was made Lord Chancellor of England. The 14 of April, An heretic burnt at Norwich. Matthew Hamont of Hithersey, three miles from Norwich plough-wright, for denying Christ to be our Saviour, and publishing divers other horrible heresies, was convented before the Bishop of Norwich, condemned in the consistory, and delivered to the Shrieves of Norwich to be executed: but because he had spoken words of blasphemy against the queens Majesty and other of her Counsel, he was by the Mayor Sir Robert Wood, and Sergeant Windam Recorder, condemned to lose his ears, which were cut off the thirteenth of May in the Market place of Norwich, and on the 20 of May he was burnt in the Castle ditch there. This year Mark Scalior, A lock & key weighed but one wheat corn. Blackesmith of London, for trial of his workmanship made one hanging lock of Iron, steel and brass of eleven several pieces, and a pipe key, all clean wrought, which weighed but one grain of gold. He also at the same time made a chain of gold of forty three links, to which chain the lock and key being fastened and put about a fleas neck, Great art and labour to very small purpose. she drew the same with ease. All which lock and key, chain, and flea, weighed but one grain and a half: a thing most incredible, but that I myself have seen it. The traitorous fact of Thomas Appletree. The 17. of july the queens Majesty being on the river of Thames, betwixt her Manor of Gréenwich and Depford, in her privy barge, accompanied with the French Ambassador, the Earl of Lincoln, and, others; it chanced that one Thomas Appletree, servingman in the company of others, rowing up and down the Thames, having a Calliver charged with a bullet, & shooting at random, by misfortune shot one of the watermen (the second next unto the bales of the said barge which sat within six foot of her Highness) clean through both arms, for the which fact the said Thomas was on the 21 of july brought to the water side, where was a Gibbet set up, and when the hangman had put the rope about his neck, he was by the queens pardon delivered from execution. john Fox delivered 269 Christians out of the Turks hands. This years john Fox of Woodbridge, William Wicnor, Robert Moor Englishmen, having been prisoners in Turkey about the space of thirteen years, with more than 260 other Christians of divers nations, by killing of their keeper, marvelously escaped, and returned to their native countries. Great water floods. In the month of September and October fell great winds and raging floods in sundry places of this Realm, where through many men, cattle, & houses, were drowned. In the town of Newport the cottages were borne down and the corn lost, pasture ground overwhelmed, cattle drowned. In the town of Bedford the water came up into the Market place, where cupboards, chests, and forms, swum about the houses, their fuel, corn and hay was wrecked and borne away. Also the town of Saint Edes in Huntingtonshire was overflowed suddenly in the night, when all men were at rest, the waters broke in with such force, that the town was all defaced, the Swans swum down the Market place, and all the town about the boats did float. Gormanchester was suddenly suppressed, their houses full of water, and their cattle destroyed. Martin Calthorpe, john Hart. Shrieves. Sir Nicholas Woodroofe, Haberdasher. Maior. On the 21 of September, An. reg. 22 Sir Thomas Gresham deceased. Sir Thomas Gresham knight, agent to the Queen (who had builded the Royal exchange in London) deceased suddenly at his house in Bishop's gate stéets of London, and was buried in the parish Church of S. Elen there. The 6 of April being Wednesday in Easter week, 1580 Earth quake general. about six of the clock towards the evening, a sudden earthquake happened at London, and generally throughout England, by violence whereof, the great clock bell at Westminster struck against the hammers, as divers clocks and bells against their hammers and clappers both in the City and country did the like. In London a piece of the Temple Church fell down. In the late dissolved Church of the Grey Friars now called Christ's Church, in the Sermon time one falling from the top, killed a young man out of hand, and one other stone so bruised a maiden, his fellow servant both to one master, that she lived but 4 days. divers other were sore bruised running out of the Church. Some stones fell from the Church of Saint Paul in London, and some from the Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, divers chimneys with shaking lost their tops, and ships on the river of Thames and on the Seas, were seen to totter: this earthquake continued about London not passing one minute of an hour, but in East Kent, and the sea coast, thereabout it was felt three times, to wit, at 6.9.11. of the clock. The first of May, after 12 of the clock in the night, was an earthquake felt in divers places in Kent, namely at Ashford, great Chat, etc. which made the people there to rise out of their beds, and to run to their churches to call upon God, by earnest prayer to be merciful unto them. Strange hail. The 13 of june about 6 of the clock in the morning, at Shipwash within Bothell Barony in Northumberland, there happened a tempest of lightning and thunder, after the which of a sudden, came great showers of hail, amongst the which were stones of divers shapes. The 17 of june, A monstrous child. in the Parish of Blansdon in Yorkshire, after a great tempest of lightning and thunder, a woman of four score years old named Alice Perin, was delivered of an hideous monster, whose head like unto a salad, the fore part of his body like a man, but having eight legs, not one like another, and a tail of half a yard long. About the 18 of july, Soldiers transported into Ireland. the Lord Grace took his voyage towards Ireland, as Lord Deputy thereof, after whom were sent divers bands of lusty soldiers, both horsemen and footmen, under the leading of expert captains. The 23 of September at Fennistanton in Huntingtonshire, one Agnes, child monstrous. wife to William Linsey, was delivered of an ugly and strange monster, with a face black, mouth and eyes like a Lion, and both male and female. Ralph Woodcock, john Allot. Shrieves. The eight of October appeared a Crinicall or blazing star, bushing toward the East, Blazing Star. which was nightly seen more than two months after. The eighteenth of October, Sergeant's feast. were made 8 Sergeants at law, to wit, William Fleetwood Recorder of London, Edward Flowerdew, Thomas Snag, William Periam, Robert Halton, john Clench, john Puckering, Thomas Walmsley, and held their feast in the new temple at London. The 19 of October, proclamation was published at London, for the apprehension, and severe punishing of all persons suspected to be of the family of love. Maior. Sir john Branch, Draper. There arrived upon the West coast of Ireland, certain companies of Italians and Spaniards sent by the Pope to aid the Earl of Desmond in his rebellion, which fortified themselves strongly near Smerwicke, in a fort which they called Castle delore, there erecting the Pope's Banner against her Majesty: which when the Lord Grace of Wilton deputy of Ireland understood, marched thitherward, and the sixth of November, hearing of the arrival of four or five of the Queen's majesties ships, & also of three barks, fraughted from Limorket and Korke with victuals, on the morrow after marched towards the fort, unto which he gave so hot an assault, that on the ninth of November the same was yielded, all the Irish men & women hanged, & more than 400 Spaniards, Italians, & Byscaies at the time put to the sword, the Colonel, Captains, Secretary, & other (to the number of 20) saved for ransom. In which fortress was found good store of money, biscuit, bacon, oil, wine and divers other provisions of victual, sufficient for their company for half a year, An. reg. 23 beside armour, powder, shot, and other furniture for two thousand men and upwards. The 28 of November, were arraigned in the King's bench, William Randall for conjuring to know where treasure was hid in the earth, and gods feloniously taken, Ralph Spacie, and Christopher Waddington for being present, Randall, Elas, Spacie, and Waddington were found guilty, and had judgement to be hanged, Randall was executed, the other were reprieved. About the four and twentieth of December in the town of Walsam in the County of Sussex, a Child of eleven years old, Strange speeches of a child. named William Withers, lay in a trance, and then coming to himself again, uttered to the standers by many strange speeches, against pride, covetousness, and coldness of Charity, etc. About the 12 of january proclamation was published at London, Against Jesuits & massing priests. for revocation of sundry the Queen's majesties subjects remaining beyond the seas under colour of study, and yet living contrary to the laws of the Realm. And also against the retaining of Jesuits and massing Priests, sowers of sedition, and other treasonable attempts, etc. The 13 of january, a man was drawn to S. Thomas of Watering, & there hanged, headed, & quartered, for begging by a licence, whereunto the Queen's hand was counterfeited. The sixteenth of january the Parliament began at Westminster, Parliament at Westminster. and on the twentieth of january the Queen's majesty went from White hall, to the Parliament house by water. justing at Westminster. The 22 of january triumphant justing was accomplished at Westminster, where many of the beholders as well men as women sore h●●t, some maimed, and some killed by falling of scaffolds. Mice devoured grass. About Halontide last passed, in the marshes of Dainsey hundred, in a place called Southminster, in the County of Essex, there suddenly appeared an infinite multitude of Mice, which overwhelming the said marches, did shear and gnaw the grass by the root, spoiling and t●●●ting the same with their venomous teeth, in such sort, that the cattle which graed there●●, were smitten with a morraine and died thereof, which vermin by policy of man could not be destroyed, till it came to pass that there flocked together all about the same marshes, such a number of Owls, as all the shire was not able to yield, whereby the marshholders' were shortly delivered from the vexation of the Mice, the like of this was also in Kent. The 4 of April, the Queen dined at Depford, Francis Drake knighted· and there after dinner entered the ship wherein captain Drake had sailed about the world, and being there, a bridge that her Majesty came over broke, being upon the same th●● 200 persons, and no hurt done by the same, and there she knighted Captain Francis Drake i● in his ship. The Banqueting house builded at Westminster, 1581. beginning on the 26 of March, and finished on the eighteenth of April, in which me●●● space, to wit, Banqueting house at Westminster. Ambassadors out of France. on the sixteenth of April arrived at Dover certain noble men of France, to wit, Francis Bourbon, Prince Dauphin of Auvergne, Arthur Casse Marshal of France, Lodowick Lusigaian, Lord of Lansac, and others. These came from Gravesend by water to London, and so to the Court; then being at Westminster, where they were honourably entertained, the Nobles and gentlemen desirous to show them all courtesy, prepared a triumph in most sumptuous order, upon Whitsun Monday & Tuesday: the chief challengers of which attempts, jousting, tourneying and barriars. were the Earl of Arundel, L. Windsor, Philip Sidney and other, the defendants to the number of one and twenty, all which of them six courses against the former challengers, who performed their parts valiantly. The 21 of june in the night, Cross in Cheap defaced. the lowest Images about the Cross in Cheap, were broken and defaced, whereupon proclamation was made, that who so would bewray the doers thereof, should have forty Crowns, but nothing came to light, but an evil end befell the doer. This year were to be seen in London two Dutchmen of strange statures, Two men of strange stature. the one in height seven foot and seven inches, in breadth betwixt the shoulders three quarters of a yard and two inches, the compass of his breast one yard half and two inches, and about the waist one yard, quarter, and one inch, the length of his arm to the hands a full yard, a comely man of person, but lame of his legs, for he had broken them with lifting of a barrel of Beer. The other was in height but three foot, he had never a good foot nor any knee at all, and yet could dance a galliard, he had no arm, but a stump to the elbow or little more on the right side, on the which singing he would dance a cup, and after toss it about three or four times, and every time receive the same on the said stump, he would shoot an arrow near the mark, flourish with a rapier, throw a bowl, beat with a hammer, hue with an axe, sound with a trumpet, and drink every day ten quarts of the best beer, if he could get it. Prisoners arraigned for not coming to Church. The 18 of july were brought from the Fleet, the Gatehouse, Newgate, and the Counters, sundry prisoners indicted for refusing to come to the Church, all which being convicted by their own confession had judgement accordingly to pay twenty pounds for every month of such wilful absence. Shrives'. Richard Martin, W. Webbe. Maior. Sir james Haruy, iron-monger. Monsieur Duke of Aniove came into England An. reg. 24. The first of November Monsieur the French Kings brother Duke of Aniove, and other Nobles of France having lately arrived in Kent, came to London, and were honourably received and retained at the Court with great banqueting. Campion & others executed. The first of December Edmond Campion jesuit, Ralph Sherwin, and Alexander Brian Seminary Priests, having been arraigned and condemned for high treason, were drawn from the tower of London to Tyburn, and there hanged and quartered. The first of February the queens majesty, Monsieur returneth, and is honourably conveyed toward the sea. with her whole Court accompanied Monsieur Duke of Aniove from Westminster to Canterbury, where, when she had feasted all the French Nobility, either took leave of another, and her Majesty returned. The sixth, the Duke lodged at Sandwich, and on the next morning took the sea, being accompanied with the Earl of Leicester, the Lord Hunsdon, the Lord Howard, knights of the Garter, the Lord Willowby, Lord Windsor, Lord Shefild, Lord Hyward, and Lord Audley, Mr. Sidney, sir George Cary, Master john and Robert Cary, and a great number of Gentlemen, so as the whole train that attended upon the said Earl, was one hundred gentlemen, and more than three hundred servingmen. The Lord Hunsdon, had of gentlemen and others to the number of one hundred and fifty, and the Lord Hayward had as many, Duke of Aniove received into Zealand. all which sailed in 15 ships to Flushing in Zealand, where the Prince of Orange and the States of the Low Countries, received the said Duke and our Nobles of England with great joy, Duke of Aniove created Duke of Brabant, etc. conducting them from thence to Middleborow, and then to Antwerp, where before the twentieth day of the same month, they solemnly created the said Duke of Aniove, Duke Lothyer, Braband, etc. and our Nobility returned into England. 1581. Pain executed, at Chelmsford. john Pain Priest being indicted of high treason for words by him spoken, was arraigned & condemned at Chelmsford, and there executed on the second of April. The Conduit in Fleetstreet newly built. This year the water Conduit in Fleetstreet was new builded with a larger Cistern at the charges of the City. The fifteenth of May at night about ten of the clock a blazing star appeared, descending in the Northwest, A blazing star. the beard whereof streamed Southeast. 7. Priests executed at Tyburn. The 28 of May, Thomas Ford, john Sheret, and R. johnson Priests, having been before condemned of high treason, were drawn from the Tower of London to Tyburn, and there hanged and quartered. And on the 30 of May, Luke Kerby, William Filby, Thomas Cotten, and Laurence Richardson, were for the like treason in the same place likewise executed. Lord Wilowby Ambassa-into Denmark. The 14 of july, Peregrine Bartue, Lord Willowby of Eresby, appointed Ambassador to Frederick King of Denmark, with the Garter, embarked at Kingston upon Hull, and prosperously arrived at Elismore in Denmark, on the twentieth of the same month. On the fourteenth of August, the said King received robes of the order, wore the Garter, Collar & George, and the Lord Ambassador returning with his train, arrived at Bromtholine in Norfolk, on the twentieth of September. This year was first founded a public lecture in Surgery, The Lecture of Surgery first founded. to begin to be read in the College of Physicians in London, Anno 1584. the sixth of May, etc. by john L. Lumley, and Richard Caldwell D. in Physic. The Reader whereof, to be a Doctor of Physic. The 19 of july certain firkins of gunpowder (to the number of seven) and as many more firkens of Sturgeon, A strange misfortune of gunpowder on Galley key. laden in a cart upon Galley key, some small portion of the same powder being shed on the ground, the horse in the said Car struck fire with his foot, and fired all together, where through the Sturgeon was blown away, some into the Thames, some else where, one firken was driven through alomed wall that was boarded over, the Crane on the wharf with the houses near to adjoining shatred, many men and horses so blasted, the 3 men and 7 horses died thereof. The 12 of August there arose a great tempest of lightning, thunder, whirlwind, and rain, A strange tempest in Norfolk. beside hailstones fashioned like to the rowels of spurs, 2 or 3 inches about, in the Country of Norfolk, between the towns of North Walsam, & Worstéed, which tempest beat the corn flat to the ground, rend up many great trees, and shivered them in pieces, or wound them like writhes, at Hemming (a mile from Worsted) the west door of the Church weighing more than 300 weight, was lifted off the hooks, & blown over the Font within one yard of the Chancel door, the top of the Church was riven up, and the lead blown away, five webs of Lead were ruffled up together like a glove, and blown into the field without the Churchyard. At East Russen were many barns blown down. Shrieves. William Roose, john Hayden deceased the twenty four of November, and Cuthbert Buckle succeeded. Maior. Sir Thomas Blank Haberdasher. Term kept at Hartford. Michaelmas term was adjourned to the Castle of Hertford, there to begin in Crastina Animarum. Thames Water brought into the high strets of London. Peter Morris free denizen, conveyed Thames water in pipes of Lead, over the steeple of Saint Magnus' Church: at the North end of London bridge, & so into divers men's houses in Thames street, Newfishstréet, and Grass street, up to the Northwest corner of Leaden hall (the highest ground of London) where the waste of the main pipe ran first this year on Christmas even, and since being divided into four spouts, oft times running four ways, plentifully serving to the commodity of the inhabitants near adjoining in their houses, and also cleansing the kennels of the street towards Bishop's gate, Algate, the Bridge, and the Stocks market. But now no such matter, private commodity being preferred, common commodity is neglected, and not reform as was promised. The 17 of january in the Parish of Armitage, in a place called Blackemore in Dorcetshire, a piece of ground containing three acres removed from the place where it was first planted, and was carried clean over another close, Ground removed in Docetshire. where Alder and Willow trees grow, An. reg. 25 the space of forty goad (every goad containing 15 foot) and hath stopped up a high way that directed towards the market town of Cerne, and yet notwithstanding the hedges wherewith it was enclosed, environ it still, and the trees stand thereon bolt upright, saving one Oak that is well nigh twenty loads, removed the place, whereas this ground had his being, is left like unto a great pit. The 23 of january being Sunday, A gracious admonition to keep the Sabbaoth. about 4 of the clock in the afternoon, the old and underpropped scaffolds round about the Bear-garden, on the South side of the Thames, over against the City of London, on excharged with people, sell suddenly down, whereby to the number of 8 persons men and women were slain, & many others sore hurt and bruised. A friendly warning to such, as more delight themselves in the cruelty of beasts, then in the works of mercy, the fruits of true possessed faith, which ought to be the Sabbath days exercise. This year 1583, 1583. The Prince of Orange slain. Note. William Prince of Orange was slain by john jowrigny a Wallon Soldier, who notwithstanding sundry extreme torments inflicted upon his body and limbs in prison, as also having his flesh plucked off with hot pincers upon an open stage, yet he never shrunk, nor craved any favour, neither repented him of the fact, but feared he had not slain him. The Arch bishop of Collen expulsed for marrying a wife. About this time the Archbishop of Collen being well in years, married a wife, whereupon the Emperor with other Princes of Germany, made war upon him, and forced him to fly into Holland for aid, but could not prevail; & forthwith there was an other preferred in his room, and all was quiet. A house blown up with gunpowder in Fetter-lane. On the sixteen of April about eight of the clock in the morning, a gunpowder house in Fetter-lane, and divers other houses near adjoining, were blown up, with the spoil of fifteen hundred weight of powder, two men and one woman were slain, and divers other persons sore hurt, and some strangely saved. Alasco of Poland. Albertus Alasco free Baron of Lasco, Vainoide, or Palatine of Siradia in Poland, arrived at Harwich in Essex, and on the last of April, came by water to Winchester house in Southwark, where he remained for the most part of his abode here. Elias Thacker was hanged at Saint Edmond bury in Suffolk on the fourth of june, john Coping on the sixth for spreading certain books seditiously penned by one Robert Brown against the Book of Common prayer, established by the Laws of this realm. On the ninth of july deceased Thomas Ratcliff, Earl of Sussex, Lord Chamberlain to her Majesty, and knight of the Garter, at Bermendsey besides London, and was on the 28 of july, conveyed through the same city of London, toward Newhall in Essex, there to be buried. Edmond Grindall Doctor of Divinity, Archbish. of Canterbury deceased. Archbishop of Canterbury, deceased in Croyden, in Surrey, on the 6 of july, and was there buried. Barnard Randolph Esquire, common Sergean of the city of London, deceased on the 7 of August. This man in his lifetime, delivered to the company of the Fishmongers in London, the sum of nine hundred pounds, justice Randolph his charity of 900 pounds. to be employed towards the conducting of Thames water, cesterning the same in Lead, and castleying with stone in the Parishes of Saint Mary Magdalen, and Saint Nicholas Cold Abbey, near unto Fish-stréet, seven hundred pounds. The other two hundred pounds, to pay for ever yearly the sum of ten pounds, viz. towards the maintenance of a poor scholar in the University of Oxford, yearly four pounds: towards the mending of the highways in the Parish of Tisehurst, in the County of Sussex, four pounds. And to the poor people of the Parishes of Saint Nicholas Olive in Bredstréet, and Saint Mary Magdalen, near old fishstréete, forty shillings. More, he bequeathed to be bestowed in lands or annuity, to the relief of the poor, inhabiting in the Wards of Quéene-hith, and castle Baynard, in the city of London, and in the aforesaid Parish of Tisehurst, in the County of Sussex, the sum of 1000 pounds, a fair Legacy, if it be performed. At this time Pirates, and great Rovers troubled the Seas. In the month of june, were sent to the seas, a ship, called the Bark Talbot, and a small Bark, both manned with one hundred men, under the charge of William Borough Esquire, Clerk of her majesties Navy, for the apprehending of certain outrageous sea-rovers, who for that they were many in number, and well appointed, so boldly behaved themselves, as that shortly after, it was confidently bruited, that they had vanquished in fight the said Ship and Bark, but within few days after, beyond all expectation, they were by the said W. Borough and his company, discomfited and taken, to the number of ten sail, Sea Rovers apprehended and executed. whereof three prizes, and some of the chief Pirates, namely T. Walton, alias Purser, Clinton, Athinson, W. Ellis, W. Valentine, alias Bagh, T. Beven, and four more, on the ninetéenth day of August, were hanged at Wapping. Walton as he went to the Gallows, rend his Venetian Breeches of crimson taffeta, and distributed the same to such his old acquaintance as stood about him: but Atkinson had before given his murrie Velvet doublet, with great gold buttons, and his like coloured Velvet Venetians, laid with great gold lace, which he had worn at the seas of Porbeke, unto such of his friends as pleased him. An heretic burned at Norwich. On the 17 day of September, john Lewes, who named himself Abdoit, an obstinate Heretic, denying the Godhead of Christ, and holding divers other detestable heresies, was burned at Norwich. On the 22 of September, Albertus de Lasco, Palatine of Siradia in Poland returned. Palatine of Siradia in Poland, after he had well viewed the order of our English Court and Nobility, with other places of this Realm, especially, the University of Oxford, he returned towards Poland. On the 23 day of December, john Whitgift, Doctor Whitgift Archbish. of Canterbury. Doctor of Divinity, late Bishop of Worcester, was at Lambeth, translated to the Archbishopric of Canterbury. The 25 of September, a monstrous child was borne in Yorkshire, having two heads. William Masham, john Spencer. Shrieves. Sir Edward Osborne, Clothworker. Maior. The tenth of October, at Caster in Norfolk, A monstrous fish. about two miles from Yarmouth, there was a Fish, by force of the Easterly wind, driven ashore, the length whereof, from the neck to the tail, was, seventeen yards and a foot, the head was great, for the chap of the jaw was three yards and a quarter in length, An. reg 26 with teeth of three quarters of a yard compass, great eyes, and two great holes over them, to spout water, her tail was fourteen foot broad in thickness, from the back to the belly, she was four yards and a half. This year 1583, the Queen being at Barn Elmer, at the earnest suit of sir Francis Walsingham, she entertained twelve Players into her service, Players. and allowed them wages and liveries, as Grooms of the Chamber, and until than she had none of her own, but divers Lord had Players. james Earl of Desmond in Ireland, secretly wandering without any succour, being taken in his cabin by one of the Irish, Desmonds' head set on London bridge. his head was cut off, and sent into England, where the same (as the head of an Arch rebel) was set on London Bridge, on the 13 of December. The 13 of December, through negligence of undiscreet persons, brewing in the Town of Nantwich, Nantwich in Cheshire burnt. the fire being carelessly left, set upon some light matter, and so burst forth to the roofs of the house, and in short time increased, that from the West end of the Town, the flame was dispersed so furiously, that in short space a great part of the South side, and some of the East side, was burned down to the ground. Which fire beginning at six of the clock in the Evening, and continuing till six of the clock in the Morning, consumed in a manner, all the whole town, and about the number of two hundred houses, beside brew-houses, barns, stables, etc. In all about 600 houses. Someruile Arden & others arraigned. john Someruile of Edstow in Warwickshire, of late discovered and taken in his way, coming to have killed the Queen, confessed that he was moved thereunto by certain traitorous persons, his kinsmen and allies, and also by often reading of certain seditious books lately published: for the which the same Someruile, Edward Arden Esquire, Marry Arden his wife (father and mother in Law to the said Someruile) and Hugh Hall Priest, were on the 16 of December, arraigned in the Guild hall of London, where they were found guilty, and condemned of high treason. On the 19 of December, I. Someruile, Someruile strangled himself. and E. Arden, being brought from the Tower of London, to Newgate, and there shut up in several places, within two hours after, Someruile was found to have strangled himself. And on the morrow after, E. Arden was drawn from Newgate, into Smithfield, and there hanged, Arden executed. bowelled and quartered: whose head with Someruiles', was set on London Bridge, and his quarters on the gates of the City. On the 10 of january, William Carter was arraigned and condemned of high treason, Carter executed for printing of traitorous books for printing a seditious and traitorous book, entitled, A Treatise of schism, and was for the same on the next morrow, drawn from Newgate to Tyburn, and there hanged, bowelled and quartered, and forthwith a book was published, entitled, A Declaration of the favourable dealing of her majesties Commissioners, etc. The 7 of February, Five executed for treason. were arraigned at Westminster, I. Fen, George Hadocke, I. Munden, I, Nutter, and Thomas Hemerford, all five were found guilty of high treason, and had judgement to be hanged, bowelled, and quartered, and were executed at Tyburn, on the 12 of February. 1584. Throgmorton executed. The 21 of May, Francis Throgmorton Esquire, was arraigned in the guildhall of the city of London, where being found guilty of high treason, he was condemned, and had judgement to be drawn, hanged, bowelled and quartered. The tenth of july next following, the same Francis Throgmorton was conveyed by water, from the Tower of London, to the Black friars stairs, and from thence by land to the Session's hall in the old Bailie, without Newgate, where he was delivered to the Shrieves of London, laid on a hurdle, drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged and quartered. Antwerp besieged, & yielded to the Duke of Parma. This year 1584., the rich and most flourishing City of Antwerp, was strongly besieged by Alexander Duke of Parma, with eleven thousand men: All which was in vain, except he could stop all relief by water, therefore he made a Bridge over the great River of Scheld, by means whereof, the Citizens were wholly impeached of all manner of succour, so as they were constrained to submit themselves again to the King of Spain government, having endured a years siege: during which time, Citizens become resolute soldiers. five hundred gallant Merchants, at their own charges, became resolute Soldiers, skirmishing daily with the enemy, until by their own forwardness, and the chance of war, they were either slain or taken. Stephen Slanie, Henry Billingsley. Shrieves. Sir Thomas Pullison, Draper. Maior. The 12 of November, An. reg. 27 the Queen (returning after her Progress) came to her Manor of S. james, where the Citizens of London, to the number of two hundred, in coats of Velvet, and chains of gold, on horseback, and 1000 of the Companies on foot, (having torches ready, to give light on every side, received and welcomed her. And on the twenty four day of the same month, her Majesty and the Lords, rode to the Parliament, which was that day begun at Westminster. In the month of january deceased Edward Fines, Lord Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, Earl of Lincoln deceased. and Lord Admiral of England, Knight of the Garter, and one of her majesties privy Council, and was buried at Windsor. The 21 of january, Jesuits, Seminaries, and massing Priests banished. Seminaries, and other Massing Priests, to the number of 21, late prisoners in the Tower of London, Marshalsey, and King's Bench, were shipped at the Tower Wharfe, to be conveyed towards France, and banished this Realm for ever. Henry Earl of Derby, Earl of Derby Ambassador into France. appointed by her Majesty, Ambassador to Henry, the third French King, to invest him with the order of the Garter, on the 26 of january passed with his train from London to Gravesend, and from thence to Dover, where they embarked & landed at Calleis on the first of February, and returning again, landed at Dover on the 11 of March. W. Parry executed. The second of March, W. Parry was drawn from the Tower, through the city of London, to Westminster, and there in the Palace Court, hanged and quartered for high treason, as may appear by a book, entitled, A true and plain declaration, of the horrible treasons, practised by William Parry, etc. he was a cunning Traitor. This year, sir Walt. Mildmay Knight, one of her majesties privy Council, founded a College in the University of Cambridge, and named it Emanuel college. Emanuel College founded. 1585. Parliament dissolved. The twenty nine of March, the Parliament was dissolved, at the breaking up whereof, her Majesty in the Parliament house, made an Oration, as ye may read in my larger labours. About the 24 of April, by commandment from her Majesty, the citizens of London appointed out of the companies of the same city, to the number of four thousand men with armour ensigns, etc. the greater part whereof were shot, Citizens of London trained up with shot. the other were pikes and halbarts in fair corselets, all these were trained up under expert Captains, and other officers, who mustered and skirmished daily at the Miles end, or in Saint George's field, and on the 18 of May, mustered in the Park of Greenwich, and skirmished before the queens Majesty, who gave them thanks. The 25 of April, Earl of Arundel sent to the Tower. Philip Howard Earl of Arundel, was brought to the tower of London, for attempting to have passed beyond the Seas, without licence of the Queen. On the twentieth of june, Henry Percy, earl of Northumberland, prisoner in the tower of London, upon vehement suspicion of high treason, was found there to have murdered himself, as more at large in a larger book I have set down. The 26 of june, arrived at London, The sovereignty of the Low Countries presented to her Majesty, and a pedigree drawn to prove the Q'S title to those provinces by descent. Deputies for the States of the Netherlands, who were lodged about the Tower street, and had their diet worshipfully appointed at the charges of her Majesty, in the Clothworkers hall. Those on the 29 of june, repaired to the Court then at Greenwich, where they presented to her Majesty, the sovereignty of those countries. The 4 of july, Charles, Lord Howard, late Lord Chamberlain, was made Lord Admiral: and Henry, Lord Hunsdon, was made Lord Chamberlain of the household. The 5 of july, T. Awfield Seminary Priest, Awfild & Welby executed. and T. Welby Dyer, were arraigned at London, found guilty, and had judgement to be hanged, as Felons, for publishing of books, containing false, seditious, and slanderous matter: these were on the next morrow executed at Tyburn. The sixteenth of july, Sir Francis Russel Knight, Lord Russell, third son to Francis Russell, Earl of Bedford, was slain with a dag in the borders of Scotland, beside Berwick, by a Scot, as they met upon a truce day. On the next morrow, Francis Russell, Earl of Bedford, Knight of the Garter, and one of her majesties privy Council, Father to the late named Sir Francis Lord Russell, slain on the borders of Scotland, Earl of Bedford deceased. deceased, and was honourably buried at Cheineys in Bedford-shire. Soldiers transported into the Low Countries by commission. In the month of july, Soldiers were pressed in the City of London, and being furnished for the wars, at the charges of the companies, set forth towards the Seas, on the 13 of August, and were transported over into Holland, Zealand, etc. as other the like Sruldiers, out of other parts of the Realm before had been. Ground and trees sunk. On the fourth of August, at the end of the Town called Motingham, in Kent, 8 miles from London, the ground began to sink, three great Elms being swallowed up, and driven into the earth, past man's sight. The fourteenth of September, Sir Francis Drake General, as well by ses, as by land, Christopher Carlisle Esquire, Lieutenant General, Martin Frobisher, with divers other Gentlemen Captains, and two thousand and three hundred Soldiers and Sailors in twenty two Ships and Pinesses, departed from Plymouth: and passing by the Isles of Bayon, and the Canaries, arrived at Saint jago, which city they took and burned: after, they sailed to Saint Domingo, which they spoilt and ransomed: from thence to Cartagena, which they also took, spoiled and ransomed: and retiring homewards, razed and burned the city and Fort of S. Augustine, in Terra florida, and the 27 of july, in Anno 1586, arrived at Plymouth: their soldiers and sailors got but small spoil. The ninetéenth of September, Seminary Priests banished. to the number of two and thirty Seminary Massing Priests, and other late prisoners in the Tower of London, Marshalsey, King's Bench, and other places, were embarked, to be transported over into the costs of Normandy, to be banished for ever. Antony Ratcliffe, Shrieves. Henry Pranell Sir Wolstone Dixie, Skinner. Maior. In the months of November and December, many men and horses were shipped at the Tower wharf, to be transported over into the Low countries. The 2 of December, An. reg. 28 Frederick Lord Windsor, deceased at Westminster, The Earl of Leicester Lieutenant general of the Low countries. and was honourably buried at Bradenham, in Buckinghamshire. And on the sixth of December, the Lord Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester, Lord Lieutenant General, with his train, entered the Town of Colchester in Essex, where he lodged at the house of sir Thomas Lucas, on the next day he set forward to Harwich: and on the eight of December, the said Earl, accompanied with the Earl of Essex, the Lord North, the Lord Audley, sir W. Russell, sir Thomas Shirley, sir Arthur Basset, sir Walter Waller, sir Geruaise Clifton, and other with his train, to the number of 50 sails of ships and hoys, set forward towards Vlushing, where, by sir Philip Sidney Governor, and others, he was honourably entertained, as he was the like into all other towns of the Low countries. The Queen took order for the peopling and inhabiting of the countries, late belonging to the Earl of Desmond, to which end, divers honourable and worshipful Gentlemen, provided to be undertakers of signories there, whereof some went into the said Country, others according to order taken, sent their people, among which were, Desmond in Ireland, peopled of the English nation. Sir Christopher Hatton, sir Walter Raleigh, sir William Courtney, sir Richard Molinox, sir George Bourchire, sir Edward Fitton, sir Valentine Browne, sir Walter Luson, john Popham, her majesties Attorney General, and others. The nineteen of january, Nicholas Devorox, alias Wodson, was condemned for treason, Order for plantation in Ireland. in being made Priest at Reymes in France. Also Edward Barbat, being made Priest as aforesaid, and coming into this Realm, was likewise condemned of treason, and both drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged, bowelled and quartered, on the one and twentieth of january. On the same day, Archbish· of Canterbury called ro be of the privy Count- a Wench was burnt in Smithfield, for poisoning of her Aunt and Mistress, and attempting the like to her uncle. On the feast day of the purification of our blessed Lady, Doctor john Whitegift, Archbishop of Canterbury, William Lord Cobham, Warden of the five Ports, and Thomas, Lord Burckburst, were chosen and taken to be of her majesties privy Council: the two first were sworn on that day, and the third on the next morrow. The eleventh of February, T. L. lost his ears for treacherously practising to enjoy the goods and lands of his natural kinsmen. Thomas Lovelace was brought prisoner from the Tower of London, to the star-chamber, against whom her majesties Attorney did inform, that the same Lovelace, upon malice conceived against Leonard Lovelace, and Richard Lovelace, his cousin germans, had falsely and devilishly contrived and counterfeited a very traitorous Letter in the name of Thomas Lovelace (another brother of the said Leonard and Richard, then resident beyond the Seas) purporting that the same Thomas should thereby incite and provoke the said Leonard, to procure the said Richard, to execute her highness destruction, with other circumstances of treason. This Letter he cast in an open highway, pretending thereby, that upon the discovery thereof, his said kinsmen Leonard and Richard, should be drawn in question for the treasonable matter against, her Majesty in that bill contained, even in the highest degree, for which offence, her majesties Attorney prayed, that the said Thomas, than prisoner, might receive condign punishment. A notable & praiseworthy ensample of justice. Whereupon the Court adjudged him, that he should be remitted to the Tower, from whence he came. That he should be carried on horseback about Westminster hall, with his face to the horsetaile, and a paper on his back, wherein to be written: For counterfeiting of false and treacherous Letters against his own kindred, containing most traitorous matters against her majesties person. And from thence to be carried in that manner, and set on the pillory in the Palace at Westminster, and there to have one of his ears cut off, also to be carried in like manner into London, and set on the pillory on market day in Cheap, with the like paper. And after that, carried into Kent, and at the next Assize there, to be set on the pillory with the like paper, and his other ear to be cut off: also to be set on the pillory, one market day at Canterbury, and another at Rochester in the like manner, and at every the said places: this order taken touching this offence openly read, the sentence whereof was duly executed. Strange sickness at Excester. The 14 of March, at the Assizes kept at the City of Excester in Devonshire before Sir Edmond Anderson, L. chief justice of the common pleas, Sergeant Floriday, one of the Barons of the Exchequer, and other justices, there happened a strange sickness: first, amongst the prisoners, and then amongst other persons, and beside the prisoners, many of all degrees died thereof, namely Sergeant Floriday, Sir john Chichester, Sir Arthur Basset, and Sir Bernard Drake Knights, Tho. Carew, Richard Carie, I. Fortescue, I Waldran, and Tho. Risdone Esquires, and justices of the peace: of the common people died, very many Constables, Reves, Tithmen, and jurors, and namely of one jury being twelve of them, died eleven. The seventeen of March a strange thing happened, Master Dorington of Spaldwickt, A strange worm found in the heart of a horse. in the County of Huntingdon Esquire, one of her majesties Gentlemen Pensioners, had a horse which died suddenly, and being ripped to see the cause of his death, there was found in the hole of the heart of the same horse, a strange worm, which lay on a round heap, in a Call or skin, in the likeness of a Toad, which being taken out & spread abroad, was in form & fashion not easy to be described, the length of which worm, divided into many grains, to the number of 50, spread from the body, like the branches of a tree) was from the snout to the end of the longest grain, 17 inches, having four issues in the grains, from whence dropped forth a red water, the body in bigness round about, was 3 inches & a half, the colour whereof was very like to a mackerel. This monstrous worm found in manner aforesaid, crawling to have got away, was stabbed in with a dagger, and died, which after being dried, was showed to many honourable persons of the Realm. 1586. Seminary Priests executed The 18 of April, in the Assizes holden at London, in the justice hall, William Tompson, made Priest at Reymes in France, and remaining within this Realm, was condemned of treason. Also Richard Lea, made Priest at Lions, was likewise there condemned, which said William and Thomas, were both on the twentieth of April, drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged, bowelled, and quartered. Sir Henry Sidney deceased. The first of May sir Henry Sidney, knight of the Garter, Lord precedent of Wales, departed this life, and was honourably buried at Penshurst in Kent. Ambassadors from the K. of Denmark. The 8 of May, arrived at London on the Tower Wharfe, Henry Ramelius, Chancellor for Germany, Ambassador from Frederick the second King of Denmark, unto the queens Majesty of England, he was honourably received of the Lord Talbot, the Lord Cobham, and other great estates, and by them conveyed through Tower street, Fanchurch street, and Grace-stréet, into Bishopsgate street, to Crosby place, where he remained till he had finished his embassage, and returned on the thirtieth of May towards Denmark. Wolston Dixie Maior, 1586, founded a free school at Bosworth, in Leicestershire, endowed with twenty pound land by year & better: more, he gave to the governors of Emanuel College in Cambridge, 600 pounds to buy land, for the maintenance of two scholarships, and two fellowships there, the scholars to come forth of Bosworth school: he gave also toward the erecting of Emmanuel College 50 pounds, to Christ's hospital in London, 42 pounds the year for ever, toward the Divinity lecture, to S. Michael bassings hall in London 10 pounds the year for ever. Unto his company of Skinners, 500 pounds, to be lent unto young men of that company, viz. 200 pounds to four young men merchant Adventurers for 3 year, at 3 pounds 6 shillings, 8 pence the year, and three hundred pounds to ten other, after the same rate, part of the profits to be spent in coals yearly to the poor of Saint Michael's parish, Basin hall, for ever. To Saint Bartholomew's hospital, and Saint Thomas hospital 50. l. to each. The poor of Bridewell 20. l. To the poor of Newgate 20. l. To the poor of the Compters 10. l. to each, to Ludgate 10. l. To Bethlem 10. l. To the four prisons in Southwark 20. pounds thirteen shillings and four pence. To poor maids marriages 100 l. To poor strangers of the Dutch and French Churches 50. li. To the poor of Basings-hall 10. l. To the poor Eling in Middlesex, four pounds. And 200. toward building of the pest-house. The 17. The Earl of Arundel censured in the star-chamber. of May Philip Earl of Arundel was conveyed from the Tower of London to Westminster, and there in the star-chamber, by the Counsel condemned to pay 10000 l. fine for his contempt, and to remain in prison at the queens pleasure. League with the King of Scots. A Commission was erected from her Majesty, tending to the ratifying of a firm League of amity, between her Majesty and james King of Scots, which League being articuled, Commissioners were appointed, Edward Earl of Rutland, W. Lord Euers and T. Randolph Esquire, who with their Train came to Berwick on the 19 of june, were the Ambassadors of Scotland being present, they accomplished the matter, according to the commission, the Articles of the said league in all and every part sufficiently confirmed on 1. of july, which being done, the said Earl of Rutland with his train returned home. Master Randolph went into Scotland to take his leave of the King and returned into England. Captains of the artillery garden, other wise called London Captains. This year 1586. certain Merchants and other gallant active Citizens at their own proper charges only for their country's service and defence, practised weekly divers feats of Arms, and by orderly course every man bore all degrees of Offices from the corporal to the captain: and when they had by usual practice attained unto some perfection with observation of Martial discipline, than they trained the common soldiers of the City & taught them the managing of their pieces, pikes, & halbeards, to march, countermarch, and ring: this precedent was taken from the Merchants of Antwerp. The 18. of june Henry Elkes clerk, for counterfeiting the queens sign manuel, Elkes executed for counterfeiting the Q. sign manuel, to a presentation of the parsonage of all Saints in Has●ings, directed to the Archbishop of Canterbury, or to his Commissary general (the Diocese of Chichester doing void) that he might be instituted Parson there, was drawn to Tyburn & there hanged and quartered. A Lottery for marvelous rich and beautiful Armour, A lottery at London for rich armour. was begun to be drawn at London in Paul's Church yard, at the great West gate (an house of timber and board being there erected for that purpose) on Saint Peter and Paul's day in the morning, which Lottery continued in drawing, day and night for the space of two or three days. Tho. Tho. Candish his voyage. Candish having of his own charges built and furnished for two years provision, a ship called the Desire, of 140. tun, & a less of 60. tuns, named the Content joining thereto a bark of 40. tuns named Galliane, in which fleet were 125 men, set sail from Plymouth on the 21 of july, and began his voyage about the Globe of the earth, which voyage he finished in the space of two years & less than two months, as ye may read in R. Hacluyt. In the month of july, Great rejoicing in London for apprehension of traitors. divers traitorous persons were apprehended, and detected of most wicked conspiracy against her Majesty, and also of minding to have stirred up a general rebellion throughout the whole Realm. For joy of whose apprehension, the Citizens of London on the 15 of the same month at night, and on the next morrow caused the Bells to be rung, and bone fires to be made, and also banqueted every man according to his ability, some in their houses, some in the streets, with singing of Psalms and prasing God for preserving of her Majesty, and people of this Land: which doings of the Citizens were so well accepted of her Majesty, as by her letters to them directed may appear. Traitors indicted. The seventh of September certain of these wicked Subjects were indicted, first for intending Treason against the queens own person, secondly, for stirring civil wars within the Realm, and thirdly for practising to bring in foreign power to invade the Realm, 7 of them appeared at Westminster, on the thirteenth of September, who all pleaded guilty, and were condemned. On the fifteenth of September, other 7 were likewise arraigned, who pleaded not guilty, were found guilty by the jury, and had judgement. These traitors 14 in number were executed in Lincoln's Inn fields, on a stage or scaffold of timber strongly made for that purpose, even in the place where they had used to meet, Traitors executed. and to confer of their traitorous practices, there were they hanged bowelled and quartered, seven of them on the 20 of September, to wit, I. Ballard Priest, A. Babington Esquire, I. Savage gentleman, R. Barnewell, gentleman, Chidirke Tichborne Esquire, Charles Tilney Esquire, E. Abington Esquire. The other 7 were likewise executed on the 21 of September, to wit, T. Salisbury Esquire, Henry Dunne Gentlemen, Edward jones Esquire I. Travarse gentleman, I. Charnocke Gentleman, R. Gage gentleman, Jerome Belamie gentleman etc. The twenty two of September, Sir Philip Sidney wounded, and died thereof. sir Philip Sidney knight, a most valiant and towardly gentleman, son and heir to sir Henry Sidney late deceased, in service of his Prince and defence of his country, in the wars of the Netherlands, was shot into the thigh with a musket, at Zutphen in Gelderland, whereof he died on the 17 of October, whose body was conveyed into England, & on the 16 of February conveyed from the Minories without Algate of London through the principal streets of the same City, accompanied of many honourable persons unto S. Paul's Church and there honourably buried, the Captains of the Artillery Garden being 250 in number, all in mourning habit, accompanied the Corpse to Church, these Captains at this time flourished. The eight of October, john Low, Seminary Priests executed. john adam's, and Richard Dibdaile, being before condemned for Treason in being made Priest by authority of the Bishop of Rome, were drawn to Tyburn and there hanged bowelled and quartered. Robert House, William Elkin. Shrieves. Sir George Barnes, Haberdasher. Maior. Ludgate at London new builded. One of the West gates of the City of London, commonly called Ludgate, being sore decayed, & in peril to have fallen, was taken down, the prisoners thereof in the mean time remaining, in the Southeast quadrant, to the same gate adjoining; which quadrant, for the ease of the prisoners was sometimes builded by Stephen Forstar, Fishmonger, Mayor, and Dame Agnes his wife, etc. And this year the said gate was again not only newly, but also strongly and beautifully builded at the charges of the Citizens of the same City. The foundation whereof in the name and presence of Sir Wolston Dixie Maior, certain Aldermen, Anthony Radcliefe, & Henry Prannel shrieves, was laid on the second of May, & forthwith so diligently applied, that the same gate was fully finished in the space of six months or less, so that on the twenty nine of October in the same year the said gate was set open to Sir William Cecil Knight Lord Treasurer, who first entered the same on horseback, accompanied of the Earl of Derby, and divers other honourable persons & noble men of her majesties privy Counsel, who all road to the Guild hall, where, on the same day George Barn Lord Mayor of that City kept his feast, after he had taken his oath and charge in the Exchequer at Westminster. On the same 29 of October the Archbishop of Canterbury, the L. Treasurer and the Earl of Derby, Parliament at West. representing the queens majesties person, began the high Court of Parliament by proie, which Session of Parliament was at this state assembled for trial of matters concerning Mary Queen of Scots etc. The 23 of November the Earl of Leicester, Lieutenant general of her majesties forces in the united Provinces of the Low countries, returning from thence arrived at London. The second day of December the Parliament was prorogued until the 15 of February: Parliament against the Queen of Scots. the substance of matter handled in the same Session of Parliament, concerning the Queen of Scots is set down in a letter learnedly penned, and published, directed to the Earl of Leicester. The 6 of December, Proclamation against the Queen of Scots. the Lord Mayor of London, assisted with divers Earls, Barons, the Aldermen in their scarlet, the principallest officers of the City, the greatest number of Gentlemen of the best account in and about the City, with the number of eighty of the gravest Citizens in coats of velvet and chains of gold, all on horseback in most solemn and stately manner, by sound of four Trumpets, about ten of the clock in the forenoon, made open and public proclamation and declaration of the sentence lately given by the Nobility against the Queen of Scots, under the great Seal of England, bearing date at Richmond the fourth of December, being openly read by Master Sebright, Town-clerk of London, and with loud voice solemnly proclaimed by the Sergeant at Arms of the said City, in four several places, to wit, at the Cros● Cheap, at the end of Chancery lane in F● street, over against the Temple, at Leaden● corner, and at S. Magnus' corner near Lon● bridge; during which time, like solemn ●clamations were made with great solemnity the country of Middlesex, namely in the Palace at Westminster, without Temple Bar● in Holborn, by the Shrieves of London 〈◊〉 Middlesex, assisted with sundry Noblemen 〈◊〉 Gentlemen of good account, and the justice ● Peace of the said country, to the great and w●derfull rejoicing of the people, as it séem● ringing of bells, making of bonfires, and ●ing of Psalms. The queens Majesty foreseeing the gerall dearth of corn and other victuals, grow partly through the unseasonableness of 〈◊〉 years past, partly through the vncharita● greediness of such as be great corn maste● but especially through the unlawful and 〈◊〉 much transportation of grain into for● countries, by the advice of her honour's Council, published a proclamation, and b● of orders, to be taken by her justices, for reli● of the poor, notwithstanding all which, the ●●cessiue prices of grain still increased, so 〈◊〉 wheat and meal was sold at London for 〈◊〉 the bushel, and in some other parts of t● Realm dearer. The 8 of February being Wednesday accor●ding to sentence lately given by the nobili● Mary Steward Queen of Scots, Queen of Scots after 19 years imprisonment in Scotland & England was beheaded. about ten of the Clock before noon, was executed and suffered death, by beheading upon a scaffold set up for that purpose, at the great Hall of the Castle of Fodringay, in the presence of George Talbet Earl of Shrewsburie, Henry Grey Earl of Kent, principal Commissioners, and others the Gentlemen of the Country near adjoining, to the number of about 300, all her apparel was burned, but her body with the head was royally buried at Peterborow, on the first day of August next following. The 15 of February the Parliament began at Westminster, Parliament at Westminster. wherein was granted to her Majesty towards her charges for the defence of this Realm, a subsidy by the Clergy of 6 shillings the pound, and of the temporalty two shillings eight pence goods, and four shillings lands, with two fifteens etc. Monday the twenty four of February a man hanged for felony at Saint Thomas of Water being begged by the chirurgeons of London, to have made of him an Anatomy, after he was dead to all men's thinking, cut down, stripped, laid naked in a Chest, thrown in a Car, and so brought from the place of execution through the Borrow of Southwark, A man revived after he had been executed. and the city of London, to the chirurgeons hall, near unto Aldersgate, the chest being there opened and the weather extreme cold, he was found to be alive, and lived till thursday next following, and then died. The twenty three of February a gunpowder house at Radriffe was blown up with much harm. Sir Thomas Bromley knight, Lord Chancellor of England, deceased on the 12 of April, and was buried at Westminster. The first making of great round Globes. This year 1587., Master William Sanderson of London Fishmonger, attained the perfection of making the great round globes, viz. Celestial and Terrestrial. On the 16 of April, deceased the Duchess of Somerset at Hanworth, and was buried at Westminster. Ea●le of Rutland deceased. Edward Earl of Rutland, Knight of the Garter, departed this life at London on the 18 of April, and was very honourably conveyed from thence to his Castle of Beavoyre, and buried in the Parish Church at Bettifford. The 29 of April, Sir Christopher Hatton knight late Vicechamberlaine, and one of her majesties privy Counsel, Sir Christopher Hatton L. Chancellor. was made Lord Chancellor of England at Croidon, & on the 3 day of May, being the first day of the term, he road from Ely place in Holborn to Westminster, there to take his oath, before whom went about the number of forty, his gentlemen in one livery and chains of gold, divers Pensioners and other Gentlemen of the Court upon foot-cloths, the officers and Clerks of the Chancery, and then the Lord Chancellor, having on his right hand the Lord Treasurer, and on the left hand the Earl of Leicester, after whom road certain of the Nobility, the judges of the Realm, and many knights. The 22 of May was published by proclamation an order, Clothes to be transported generally. granted by the Queen in favour of her Subjects, for the transporting of clothes out of the Realm, to wit, that the Merchants of the Stilyard resident in London, and all other Merchants, strangers, or other of the realm, may buy of the Clothiers, any cloth unwrought, unbarbed or unshorn, and shall have full liberty to ship and carry away out of the port of London, any such clothes: and further, that all Merchants, strangers, and English, that shall not have liberty to buy clothes at Blackwellhall, or within the liberties of the City of London, may buy all manner of clothes, in the City of Westminster. The 18 of june Robert Earl of Leicester was made Lord Steward of the household, & Robert Devorex Earl of Essex, was made master of her majesties horse. The fifteen of june Robert Earl of Leicester took shipping at Margate in Kent, toward the Low Countries, where he remained not long but returned. This years was a late spring, and a cold Summer, A strange backward spring. so that at Midsummer Peason in the cod were sold at London for 8 pence the peck, yet after were plenty, no cherries ripe till Saint james-tide or Lammas, and then such plenty that they were sold for a penny the pound. The 7 of September sir Thomas Henage was made Vicechamberlaine. Shrieves. Thomas Skinnet, john Catcher. Maior. Sir George Bond Haberdasher. An. reg. 30 Richard May Merchant-tailor lately deceased, gave to the Chamber of London 300 pounds, toward the new building of the Blackwell Hal, which at length took effect. Upon this gift the said Blackwell hall was taken down, Blackwell hall. a new foundation was laid, and within the space of ten months after, with the charges of 2500 l. the same was finished. 1588. Great provision was made this year both by Land and Sea, to withstand the invasion by the Spanish Armado against the Realm, for besides the general forces of the Realm appointed to be mustered, trained, and put in readiness in the several shires, for the defence of the land there was also a levy made of two several armies, the one to make the body of a camp to reside at Tilbury in Essex, Camp at Tilbury. to encounter with the Enemy, if he should attempt to land in any place of that country, whereof the Earl of Leicester, Lord Steward of her majesties household was Lieutenant General, as also of the Armies levied against foreign invasion. The other to be employed for the guard of her highness person, under the charge of the right Honourable the Lord Hunsden, Lord Chamberlain to her Majesty. The camp at Tilbury, consisting both of horsemen and footmen, raised out of all the shires, were of Lancers 253, of light horsemen 769, of footmen 22000. the army for the guard of her majesties person, Lances 481, light horsemen 1431. footmen 34050. The Navy set forth and armed to the seas, consisted partly of her majesties ships, partly of the ships of her subjects, which were furnished out of the Port towns whereunto they belonged, of this Navy, the chiefest and greatest part was under the charge of the Lord Charles Howard of Effingham, Lord Admiral of England, and were addressed to encounter with the Spanish Fleet: the rest of the ships were assigned unto the Lord Henry Seimer, Admiral of the Fleet to guard the narrow Seas, and to impeach the issuing forth of the ships and vessels, prepared by the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk. The 23 of May, the Lord Admiral came to Plymouth with the Fleet aforesaid, finding there Sir Francis Drake in a readiness with more than 50 ships and pinnaces. The 24 of june the Lord Admiral issued out toward the Sea from Plymouth: he divided her majesties Fleet into three parts, viz. Sir Francis Drake Vice Admiral in the Revenge with other, towards the Islands of Silly, john Hawkens Rear-admiral in the Victory, with other toward the Isles of Vshent: And the Lord Admiral with the rest, remaining in the sleeve, appointed other there, all to discern, if the Spanish forces did any way pass. The 19 of july, intelligence was brought to the Lord Admiral by a pirate Pinnace, whose captain was Thomas Fleming, that the Spanish Fleet was seen in the sea. The 20 of july, the Lord Admiral made toward the Sea, and the same day had sight of the Spanish Fleet, in number by estimation 158 sails. The Lord Admiral cast about toward the Land to interrupt them from approaching, & having got the wind of them, prosecuted them all that night, and so continually, from place to place, until the second of August, in which space having by the power GOD wonderfully overcome them, he returned to Margate in Kent. Now the Camp being kept at Tilbury in Essex, Her majesty went to the Camp at Tilbury. under the charge of the Earl of Leicester, the ninth of August her Majesty repaired thither; where all the whole Camp being set in order of Battle, she passed through every rank of them, to their great rejoicing, & lodged that night, and the night following, in the house of Master Edward Rich a justice in the Parish of Hornedon. On the next morrow her Majesty returned to the Camp, and on the twelfth returned to Saint james, and shortly after the Camp was dissolved. Sermon of thanksgiving. Sunday the 20 of August Master Nowell Deane of Paul's, at Paul's Cross, in the presence of the Lord Maior, the Aldermen in Scarlet, the Companies in their liveries, preached, moving them to give land unto God, for the great victory given to our English Nation, by the overthrow of the Spanish Fleet. The 26 of August, Seminaries & others executed. at the Session's hall near unto Newgate, were condemned 8 persons, for being made Priests beyond the Seas, and remaining in this Realm contrary to a Statute; four Temporal men for being reconciled to the Romish Church, and four other for relieving the others. The 28 W. Deane and H. Welby were hanged at the Miles end, W. Hunter, R. Morton, and Hugh More at Lincoln's Inn fields, T. Acton at Clarken well, T. Fulton, and james Clarkeson, between Brainford and Hounslow. The 30 Richard Flower, G. Shesley, Richard Leigh, Richard Martin, john Roch, and Margaret Warde gentlewoman, who had conveyed a cord to a Priest in Bridewell, whereby he escaped from thence, were hanged at Tyburn. This year 1588., The transferring of the Greek patriarch from Greece into Russia. the Patriarch of the Greek Church came from Chyo, alias Syo in Gréece, unto the City Moscow in Russia, and for a certain sum of money resigned all his Ecclesiastical jurisdiction, state, style, and dignity, unto the Metropolitan of Moscow and his successors for ever, which done, the old Patriarch left Moscow, and in his return towards Grecia, the Turks rob him of all his treasure, and slew him. A just reward for his cowardice and covetousness. The 2 of September at night, a vehement fire broke forth against the Dutch Church in London, to the great terror of the whole City, but by the burning of one house, and pulling down of some other the fire was quenched. The 4 of September, deceased Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester, Earl of Leicester deceased. Lord Steward of her majesties household, lieutenant general, and Marshal of England, at Cornebury in Orfordshire, from whence he was conveyed to his Castle of Kenelworth, and from thence to Warwick, where he was honourably interred. He had in his town of Warwick, founded one Hospital of an old guild, given him by the towns for twelve poor men, endowing the same with lands to the yearly value of 200. pound, and fifty load of Wood out of Killingworth Park, and gave to the same Hospital, by his Testament, 200 pounds in money, for a stock: he was extreme tyrannous in authority. Banners taken from the Spaniards showed at Paul's Cross. Vhe 8 of September, the Preacher of Paul's Cross moved the people to give God thanks for the overthrow of our enemies the Spaniards, and there were showed 11 ensigns or banners, takn in the Spanish ships by our men, and on the next morrow hanged on London bridge towards Southwark, where then the Fair was kept, being our Lady day. Shrieves. Hugh Offley, Richard Saltonstall. Maior. Sir Martin Calthorp Drapor. Seminary Priests executed. The 5 of October john Welden and William Hartley made Priests in France were hanged, the one at Miles end, the other at Holliwell; Robert Sutton, for being reconciled to the Church of Rome was hanged at Clarkenwell. The 8 of October at night was burnt one stable with horses about the number of twenty at Drury house, near to the Strand. Stable and horses burnt. An. reg. 32 The 19 of November was this year kept holy day throughout the Realm, with sermons, singing of Psalms, Bone fires, etc. for joy and thanksgiving unto God, for the overthrow of the Spaniards, our enemies on the sea, and the Citizens of London assembled in their Liveries that day at a Sermon at Paul's Cross tending to that end. The 24 of November being Sunday, the queens Majesty having attendants upon her, The Qu. Majesty came to Palus. the Privy-counsel, Nobility and other honourable persons, aswell spiritual as temporal in great number, all on horse back, did come in a chariot throne, made with four pillars behind to have a Canopy, on the top whereof was made a crown imperial, and two lower pillars before, whereon stood a Lion and a Dragon, supporters of the Arms of England, drawn by two white stéeds from Somerset house, to the Cathedral Church of Saint Paul etc. At the temple Bar, the Lord Maior and his Brethren the Aldermen in Scarlet received and welcomed her Majesty to her city, delivering to her hands the Sceptre, which her Highness delivered to the Mayor, who bore the same before her. The Companies in their Liveries stood along to Paul's Church, where at the great west door she dismounted about 12 of the clock, and was received under a canopy by the Bishop of London, the Dean & others of the Clergy, to the number of more than 50. all in rich Copes, and by them brought to a Closet, towards, the Pulpit Cross, where she heard a Sermon made by Doctor Pierce, Bishop of Salisbury, and then returned to the Bishop's Palace, where she dined, and returned to Somerset house by Torchlight. Great wind. The 5 of january at night, a great wind in the North-east overturned trees, and otherways did great harm in very many places. The Qu. received into Westminster. The 30 of january, the queens Majesty came from Richmond to Chelrich, and so to Westminster, and was received by the Mayor, Aldermen and commoners of her city of London, in coats of velvet, and chains of gold, all on horseback with the Captains of the city, betwixt 5. and 6. of the clock at night by torchlight. Soldiers punished for abusing their Captains. The first of February two Soldiers were set on the Pillory at the Leaden hall, whereon they stood by the space of three hours, the one had his ear nailed, the other his tongue pierced with an all, which all remained in his tongue till he was taken from the Pillory, for abusing their captains, and Governors with had spéeces. A Parliament. The 4 of February began the Parliament at Westminster. An Heretic burned. About this time Francis Ket, M. of Art of Wimondham, for holding divers detestable opinions against Christ our Saviour, was burnt near to the city of Norwich. The 5 of February, Marshal Law. two soldiers were hanged on trees at the Miles end, for being mutinous. The 29 of March, being Easter Even, 1589. Parliament dissolved. the Parliament broke up at Westminster, wherein was granted two subsidies, of two shillings eight pence the pound the piece, four fifteens, and a tenth. The 14 of April, Philip, Earl of Arundel, Earl of Arundel arraigned. was arraigned at Westminster of high treason, and found guilty by his Peers, had judgement accordingly. The 18 of April, Sir john Norris, and Sir Francis Drake, Generals, with six of her majesties ships, 20 ships of war, and 100LS fit for burden, having in them a choice company of Knights, Captains, Gentlememen and soldiers, departed from Plymouth, and the 23 of the same, arrived at the Groin. The 26, they took the lower Town, with great store of ordinance, Voyage to Portugal. victuals, cables, and other furniture for shipping. About the 6 of May, they fought with the Spaniards, at Borges bridges, where the enemies fled with the loss of 700 men. The lower town of Groin was burned, and the ninth of May, our Fleet set sail the thirteenth, the Earl of Essex, sir Philip Butler, and sir Roger Williams met the said Fleet, so that on the sixteenth, the whole Navy arrived at Phinicha, where they set a land, and the same day wan both Town and Castle. After this they divided the Army, whereof part marched with Sir john Norris, by land, to Lisbon, the rest with Sir Francis Drake, passed by Sea to Cascales. The twenty fourth, our men entered the suburbs of Lisborn, where they obtained rich spoils, and plenty of every good thing. The twenty seventh, the Army left Lisbon, and came to Cascales, without any great fight or skirmish, where they took the castle, and thence returned for England, but landing at Vigo, they took the town, and wasted the country. Norris & Drake return from Portugal. The 21 of june, sir Francis Drake arrived at Plymouth: and the third of july, sir john Norris, with the rest of the Fleet, arrived there also, the two Generals being offended the one with the other. L. Maior deceased. The third of May, deceased Martin Calthrope Lord Mayor of London, M. Richard Martin Alderman succeeded. Maior. Richard Martin Goldsmith, the 5 of May. Lightning and thunder. The first of August at night, was the greatest lightning and thunder about London, that ever was seen or heard, of any man living, and yet but small hurt done, thanks be to God tharefere. Sir john Norris, and sir Francis Drake being returned, as you have heard, many of their sailors and soldiers, shortly after their landing, fell sick, and died, of a stinch bred amongst them on shipbord, othersome of them so rudely behaved themselves, about the country, and elsewhere, Sailors & soldiers executed. that divers of them being apprehended, on the 27 of August, one of them was hanged on the end of a sign, at an Inn door, in Kingston upon Thames, for a terror to the rest: and on the 29 of August, two more of them were hanged in Smithfield, two at the Tower-hill, two besides Westminster, and one at Tyburn. It was now usual with sailors and others, at their return of such voyages, to rob, pilfer and mutiny at their arrival. In the month of September, Soldiers sent into France. the Citizens of London furnished 1000 men to be sent over into France, to the aiding of Henry late King of Navarre, then challenging the Crown of France. Richard Gurney, Stephen Some. Shrieves. The 21 of October, sergeant feast. Richard Martin Mayor of London, accompanied with his brethren the Alderman, being invited guests, rode to the sergeant feast, then holden in the new Temple hall, and at the Temple gate, the Lord Maior was by certain young Gentlemen, denied to enter with his sword before him, whereupon he with his brethren returned home. Sir john Hart Grocer, the 28 of October. Maior. The 6 of November, Lodowick Grivell of Warwickshire Esquire, Lodowick Grivel pressed to death. was brought from the Tower of London, to Westminster, and the●● at the King's bench bar, for murder, and other notorious trespasses, wherewith he was charged, arraigned and found guilty: but standing mute, had judgement to be pressed to death, which judgement was put to execution in the jail of the King's bench in Southwark, An. reg. 32. on the 14 of November, on the which day, for the same fact, his man was hanged in the Palace court at Westminster. Citizens of London frighted by fire. In this month of November, the citizens of London, were sundry times affrighted by casualty of fire: first on the 20, about 4 of the clock in the morning, on Fishstréete hill, where one large house was burned to the ground, and some people, in helping to quench, were consumed, and the houses next adjoining: also the one side of Saint leonard's Church was sore spoiled. On the 22 at night, about 11 of the clock, one other house, over against the first, on the other side of the way, was in great danger, but soon slaked. On the twenty sixth, about one of the clock in the morning, one other house, and some people were burnt, on the backside of the first house burnt, and other houses near about, were sore spoiled, etc. Tempest of wind. The 5 of january, about five of the clock in the evening, before twelfth day, began a great and terrible tempest of wind in the south-west, which continued with great vehemency, till about eleven of the clock of the same night, this in the city of London, blew the Tiles off men's houses, and caused them to fear the overthrow of their houses. The lesser west gate of Saint Paul's Church, A door of Paul's blown over. next to the Bishop's Palace, was broken, both bolts, bars and locks, so that the same was blown over. In the country, houses and barns were borne over, & some blown far from the places whereon they had stood, besides trees in great numbers, blew up by the root. On the seas, no man can tell what harm was done. At Southampton, the ships and barks riding at anchor, were driven aland, and sunk, the like was never seen. Sir john Hart, Knight, Sir john Hart bounty. Alderman of London, builded a free School, in Cuccold, alias Coxold in Yorkshire. And endowed it with thirty and five pounds a year for ever. He likewise gave fin to Sussex, Sidney College in Cambridge, two Fellowships, and four scholarships, viz. forty and five pounds a year, for ever. The 21 of February, Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick deceased, and was buried at Warwick. This year 1589, A new kind of weaving. was devised and perfected, the Art of knitting, or weaving of silk stockings, Wastcoteh, Coverlets, and divers other things by engines, or steel Looms, by William Lee, sometime Master of Arts of Saint john's college of Cambridge: and sixtéen years after this, he went into France, and taught it to the French, because he was not regarded in England. A Wench burnt. The 5 of March, a Wench was burned in Saint George's field without Southwark, for poisoning her Mistress and other. The Duke of Guise slain. This year 1589, Henry Duke of Guise, and his brother the Cardinal Guise, were both slain by commandment of the French King Henry the third. This Duke was wondrously beloved of the Clergy, and of the Peers and commons of France: he was also very highly esteemed of the Conclave, and of many other foreign Princes. The manner of his death was taken very grievously, especially by such as had combined themselves in league to suppress the Protestants, and prefer the Roman Catholic Religion, Within a while after, the said King Henry the third was also slain by a Friar, in revenge of the death of the two brethren before named, and the Friar himself was instantly slain by such as were about the King, who slew him with the said envenomed knife, wherewith he stabbed the King. The French K. slain. This Henry the third, was the last of the house of Valois. And presently upon his death, Henry of Bourbon, King of Navarre, laid just claim to the crown, who with great difficulty, and almost eight years, sharp wars with the Leaguers, he got peaceable possession of the whole Kingdom. But at the first, the Leaguers drove him into divers extremities, and forced him to fly into Deep, where he was ready to have embarked for England, if the Queen had not speedily sent a resolute Army unto him, under command of the Lord Willowby. And from that time, the Queen aided him with divers Armies, under the command of the Earl of Essex, General Norris, sir Roger Williams, and many others, besides incessant supplies, upon sudden occasions from London, Kent, Essex, Suffolk, Surrey, Sussex, and Hamhshire, both of horse, men, and munition. The next year following, Paris besieged. the great and ancient City of Paris was besieged by their new King, Henry the fourth: which City until their day of visitation, was a glorious and a flourishing City, and the most populous of all the cities in Europe, until for their better defence, they were constrained to pull down all their suburbs: and albeit the siege held not full five months, yet such was the extremity of famine unto all the inhabitants, as it may well be said to be greater and more miserable, then either the siege of Samaria, or jerusalem: for, after they had eaten up all manner of herbage and carrian, and all manner of moist leather, with whatsoever else they could get to eat, they did eat many children: concerning which, and many other memorable and capital Accidents, you may read more at large in my larger Chronicle. Yet sith I have speaken thus much of France, I will also for thy further delight, give thee a touch of some of the chief ancient Kings thereof. The first K. of France. Faramond was the first King of France, in the year 431, and reigned 11 years. Clodovius, alias, Clovis, was the fifth King of France, in the year 485, he was the first King of France that was christened, he was baptised by S. Remy, Archbishop of reins, after divers victories upon his enemies, and had enlarged his territories. Pope Anastasius sent him the name and title of Patrician and Consul, with a crown of gold, richly adorned with precious stones. At this time, the Arrian heresy much troubled Christendom. Clotarius, alias, Cotane, the first & seventh King of France, his son Cranus with a strong faction, Disobedience severely punished. rebelled against him, whom he overthrew in battle, took him prisoner, & burned him, his wife and children, and the chief of his servants, Pepinus, alias, Pepin, the Brief, began in the year 750. He instituted the Parliament at Paris. Carolus Magnus, alias, Charles' le Maine, so called, for his many noble Acts which he did, for the general good of Christendom, began his reign in the year 800, he was King of France forty six years, and Emperor thirteen years, and died at 71 years of age. Vlfringhampton burnt. On Wednesday in Easter week, by shooting of a Gun, in the Town of Vlfringhampton, in Staffordshire, about the number of 80 houses were burned. Soldiers transported. In the month of April, 3000 footmen were sent from hence into Britain in France, under the conduct of Sir john Norris, Knight, to join with the Prince, son of the Duke Mountpoinsier, and General of the French Kings forces in the Province: which company, were often since supplied. About this time, Free Schools and hospitals founded. (as I am informed) Robert johnson, a zealous Minister, Preacher and Parson of Northlumffingham, in the County of Rutland, finding the poor of those quarters, to be unprovided for, and no Grammar School erected in that country, for edification of youth, at his own proper costs and charges, caused two fair free Grammar Schools to be builded in Okam, and Vppingham, the two market towns of that shire, and in each of them provided a Schoolmaster, and an Usher: more, he caused Hospitals to be builded in the said Towns, both called Christ's Hospital: in every of which may be placed twenty four poor people: and for their maintenance here, he bought and procured lands of the Queen, with a corporation & mortmain for the same. This man hath left a good example to the other Ministers and Preachers, to the glory of God, for he preached both by word and life, not to enrich himself, but was bountiful to the poor, both in his own Parish, where he was married, and keepeth a good house, and also in the Town of Stamford, where he was borne: in which Town, for many years together, he caused forty poor men's children to be taught at his charges. The 21 of September, being the Feast of Saint Matthew in the afternoon, was a great stir at Lincoln's Inn, by Prentisrs, and others, against young Gentlemen students at Law there, for some rude demeanore, late before by them done, against the inhabitants of Chancery Lane, which had like to have grown to great mischief, had not the same been by wise Magistrates soon appeased: for the uproar grew great and violent, suddenly. Shrieves. Nicholas Mosley, Robert Brooke. Maior. Sir john Allot Fishmonger, the 28 of Oct, An. reg. 33 He deceased in the month of September, next following, and sir Rowland Heyward clothworker, served out the rest of that year. A purueier hanged. In the month of januarie, one Nichols a Purueyer, for converting to his own use, certain provision taken for her Majesty, was hanged for example to other the like purveyors. Bold impostures that distracted the people. The 16 of july, Edmond Copinger, and Henry Artington Gentlemen, came into Cheap, and there in a car, proclaimed news from heaven, (as they said) to wit, that one William Hacket Yeoman, represented Christ, by partaking his glorified body, by his principal spirit, and that they were two Prophets, the one of mercy, the other of judgement, called and sent of God, to assist him in his great work, etc. These men were afterward apprehended. The 20 of july Hacket, was arraigned, and found guilty, as to have spoken divers most false and traitorous words against her Majesty, to have razed and defaced her Arms, as also her picture, thrusting an iron instrument into that part that did represent the breast and heart, etc. For the which he had judgement, and on the 28 of july, brought from Newgate, to a gibbet by the cross in Cheap, where being moved to ask GOD and the Queen forgiveness, he fell to railing and cursing of the Queen, and began a most blasphemous prayer against the divine Majesty of GOD, Hacket hanged. he was there hanged and quartered. His immodest speeches at his arraignment and death, utterly disgraced all his former-seemed sanctity, wherewith he had shroudly possessed the common people. The next day, Edm. Copinger, Copinger died in Bridewell. having wilfully abstained from meat, and otherwise tormented himself, died in Bridewell, and Henry Artington, long after in the Counter, submitting himself, writ a Book of repentance, and was delivered. The people had formerly received a very reverent opinion of them. In this month of july, Robert Devorex, Earl of Essex, was by her Majesty appointed to have the charge and conduction, as her Lieutenant General of 4000 footmen, and some number of horsemen, and pioneers sent into France, for the assistance of the French King, against the confederates of the League. In which expedition, he was also honourably accompanied with sundry Gentlemen Soldiers, that voluntarily followed him in his service. Shrieves. William Rider, Benedict Barnham. Maior. Sir William Webbe. Proclamation against Jesuits and Seminaries. In the month of October, a Proclamation was published, containing a declaration of troubles, pretended against the Crown, by Seminaries and Jesuits, etc. For the preventing whereof, charge was given to all Officers, to look to their charges, for defence of the Realm: and special Commissioners were appointed in all Shires, to inquire out the said Seminaries, and such as might be reconciled by them, etc. Bren O Royrke apprehended. On the 28 of October, Bren O Royrke, a great man of Ireland, was arraigned at Westminster, where he was found guilty of high treason, and after for the same, executed at Tyburn, on the third of November, as more at large I have expressed in mine Annals. The 20 of November, sir Christoper Hatton, An. reg. 34 Lord Chancellor deceased. Knight, Lord Chancellor of England, deceased at his house in Holborn, commonly called Ely house, because it belongeth to the Bishop of Ely. On the 16 of December, he was honourably buried in Saint Paul's Church at London, one hundred poor people, having gowns and caps given them, and go before him, of Gentlemen and Yeomen in gowns, cloaks and coats, more than three hundred, with the Lords of the Council, and other, beside 80 of the guard, that followed, etc. A sumptuous monument for him, was since provided in Paul's Church. The 10 of December, three Seminaries, Seminaries & others executed. for being in this Realm, contrary to Statute, and four other for relieving them, were executed, to wit, iron-monger, a Seminary, and Swithen Welles, Gentleman, in Gray Inn fields: Blaston and White, Seminaries, and three other their abetters at Tyburn. The fourteenth of january, Captain Cosby executed. Captain arnold Cosby, an Irishman, did forcibly set upon john, Lord Burke, (also an Irishman) near to the Town of Wansworth, in the County of Surrey, and there upon a malicious intent, did wilfully murder him, giving him one mortal wound with a Rapier, by means whereof, he fell down, and after that, the said Cosby with a dagger, gave unto the said Lord Burke, twelve, or more, grievous and several wounds, of the which mortal wound, he died within two hours after, For the which fact, Cosby was hanged on a gibbet, near unto Wansworth, on the 27 of january. The 18 of February, Thomas Parmort, A Seminary executed in Paul's Churchyard. was convicted of two several high treasons, the one for being a Seminary Priest, and remaining in this Realm, and the other for reconciling john Barwis, against the form of a statute. The said Barwis was likewise convicted of treason, for being so reconciled, and also of felony, for relieving the said Priest, Thomas Parmort was executed in Paul's Churchyard, on the 20 of February. In the month of February, Sir Edmond York, Soldiers sent into France. Knight, conducted over into France, two thousand footmen, sent from hence, for the service of the French King, which upon their arrival, remained under the charge of Sir Roger Williams, General of the English companies there. The twenty seventh of April, Sir john Parrot Knight, 1592. was arraigned at Westminster, found guilty of treason, and had judgement in the same place, on the 16 of june, but died in the Tower. Tiltboat drowned. The fourth of May, a Tiltboate of Gravesend, having in the same Boat about the number of forty persons, was overrun by a Hoy, so that the greater part of those people were drowned over against Greenwich, the Court then being there, and the Queen beheld the mischance. New Lord Keeper. The 4 of june, Sir john Puckering made Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. Execution in Smithfield for poisoning Alms houses founded by the Merchant Tailors. In the month of june, a young man was hanged in Smithfield, and a woman was burnt, both for poisoning of her husband, a Goldsmith. The Merchant Tailors in London, this year founded fair alms-houses, upon a plot of ground near unto East Smithfield, in the Parish of S. Botolph without Aldgate, which plot of ground was given to them by Richard Hills, sometime Master of that Company, as also one hundred load of Timber by Anthony Ratcliff of the same society, Alderman: In these Alms houses fourteen charitable men, brethren of the said Merchant-Tailors yet living, have placed fourteen poor aged sole women, which receive every one of them of their founder, sixteen pence or better weekly, besides 8. pounds, 15 shillings yearly paid for of the common treasury, to the said Company for fuel. The fourth of September a woman was burnt in Smithfield, A woman burnt in Smitfield. The river of Thames seemed to be almost void of water, and many things were found by divers as they walked up on the low sands. for poisoning of her husband. Wednesday the sixth of September, the wind West, as it had been for the space of two days before very boisterous, the River of Thames was made void of water, for forcing out the fresh and keeping back the salt; that men in divers places might go 200 paces over, and then fling a stone to the Land. A Collier on a Mare road from the North side to the South, and back again, on either side London Bridge, but not without peril of drowning both ways. john Gerrard, Robert Taylor. Shrieves. Sir William Roe iron-monger. Maior. This Mayor road from the guildhall to the Tower, and there took his oath, No majors feast. being accompanied of the Aldermen, Recorder and Shrives', the Livery and Bachelors of the iron-mongers, the livery of the Haberdashers, and no more, these dined at the Lord majors house, and at the Halls of these two Companies, and this was done by the appointment of the queens Counsel, for avoiding infection of the plague. Term kept at Hartford. An. reg. 35 Michaelmas Term was kept at Hartford, & began on Crastina animarum. The third of November deceased sir john Parat in the Tower of London. A butcher's daughter said she was daughter to King Philip and Queen Mary. The 13 of December, a certain gentlewoman by the Counsels commandment was whipped through the City of London, for affirming herself to be the daughter to Philip king of Spain, as she had been persuaded (by some accounted Soothsaiers, after proved liars) for she was known to be a Butcher's daughter in Eastcheap. Parliament at Westminster. The 19 of February, the Parliament began at Westminster. The 21 of March, Henry Barrow gentleman, john Greenewood Clarke, Daniel Studley Girdler, Sapio Bislot gentleman, Robert Bowley Fishmonger, were indicted of felony, the said Barrow and Greenewood for writing sundry seditious books, Barrow & Greenewood hanged. tending to the slaughter of the Queen and State: Studley, Billot and Bowley, for publishing and setting forth the same Books, and on the 23, they were all arraigned, found guilty, and had judgement on the last of March, Henry Barrow and john Greenewood, were brought to Tyburn, and there hanged on the 6 of April. The tenth of April the Parliament at Westminster broke up for a time, Parliament dissolved. wherein was granted three Subsidies of two shillings eight pence the pound goods, & four shillings lands, and 6 fifteens. About the same time Penry, a principal penner and publisher of books entitled Martin Marre prelate, Penry apprehended and hanged. was apprehended at Stebbenheth by the Vicar there and committed to prison. In the month of May he was arraigned at the King's Bench Bar, condemned of Felony, and afterward conveyed from the Goal of the King's Bench to Saint Thomas Water, and there hanged, this pernicious book much troubled the people. The 19 of july the Court of Assize for Surrey, was holden and kept in S. George's field, Court of Assizes kept in S. George's field. in a Tent there set up for that purpose, many prisoners were there arraigned, nineteen were burnt in the hand, but none executed. This Assize was ended the same day, which was thought would have lasted three days, but the justices (all duties being paid) made haste away, for fear of being infected with the pestilence. This year was no Bartholomew fair kept at London, No Bartholomew fair at London. for the avoiding of concourse of people, whereby the infection of the pestilence might have increased. Paul Banning, Peter Hawghton. Shrives'. Sir Cuthbert Buckle Vintner. Maior. For part of the year, sir Rich. Martin goldsmth. An. reg. 36 Number of the plague died in London. The whole number this year buried within the City of London, the suburbs and other places adjoining, as well of the plague, as of the other diseases, from the 29 of December in the year 1592., until the 20 of December, 1593. was as followeth. Within the walls of all diseases, 8598, whereof the plague, 5390, without the walls & in the liberties, 9295. the plague 5285. so that within the City and Liberties, of all diseases 17863. whereof the Plague was 10675. Prince Henry borne. The 19 of February 1593. at Edenburght in Scotland was borne Prince Henry the eldest son of King james the 6. King of Scots. A Seminary executed. The 18 of February Harington a Seminary, was drawn from Newgate to Tyburn, and there hanged, cut down alive, struggled with the hangman, but was quartered. Lopez arraigned. The last of February, Roderick Lopeza a Portugal (as it was said) professing Physic, was arraigned in the guildhall of London, found guilty, and had judgement of high Treason, for conspiring her majesties destruction by poison. 1594. Great wind over turned trees. In this month of March were many great storms of wind, which overturned trees, stéeples, houses, barns, etc. namely in Worcester-shire, in Beaudley forest many Oaks were overthrown. In Horton wood of the said shire, more than one thousand five hundred Oaks were overthrown in one day, namely, on the Thursday next before Palm-Sunday. In Staffordshire, the shaft of the steeple in Stafford Town was rend in pieces along through the midst, and thrown upon the Church, wherewith the said roof is broken: 1000 pounds will not make it good. Houses and Barns were overthrown in most places of those shires. In Cank would more than 3000 trees were overthrown: many stéeples more or less above 50. in Staffordshire were perished or blown down. The 11. of April was a great rain, Great rain. which continued more than 24 hours long, and withal a great North wind. The 14 of April, a woman was burnt in Smithfield, for killing of her husband. A woman burnt for petty Treason. The 16 of April Ferdinando Earl of Derby deceased at Latham, in a very strange manner. The second of May came down great floods, Great floods. by reason of sudden showers of hail and rain that had fallen, which bore down houses, Iron mills, the provision of coals prepared for the said mills, it bore away cattle, etc. The second of May, sergeant dinner. the new sergeant of the Law in number ten, held their dinner in the Temple. The third of june deceased john Aylmer Bishop of London, at Fulham, Bishop of London deceased. and on the 26 of june was solemnly interred in his Cathedral Church of Saint Paul in London. The 7 of june, Doctor Lopez, D. Lopez & others executed. and two other Portugals, were drawn from the King's Bench in Southwark, to Tyburn, and there hanged and quartered. Mayor of London deceased. Sir Richard Martin Maior. Ships set out by the Citizens of London The first of july, deceased Sir Cuthbert Buckle, Lord Mayor of London, and on the next morrow was elected Sir Richard Martin to be Mayor for the rest of that year, & on the third of july, he took his oath at the Tower of London. The fifteen of july by a common Counsel in the Guild hall was granted (according to a precept from her Majesty) that six ships and two pinnaces should be set forth at the charges of the City, the same to be ready with men, munition and victuals for three months by the last of july. Soldiers set out by the Londoners. More on the 17 of july, the same Common Council, according to another precept granted 450 men on foot to be likewise set out by the citizens, towards the charges whereof a fifteenth was seized and paid. This year in the month of May, fell many great rains, but in the month of june and july much more, for it commonly reigned day and night till Saint james Eve, Great rain. & on Saint james day in the afternoon it began again, and continued for two days together: notwithstanding there followed a fair harvest in the month of August, but in September great rains raised high waters, Bridges at Cambridge and at Wareborn down. such as stayed the carriages, and bore down bridges, as at Cambridge, Ware, and elsewhere. Also grain grew to be of a great price, as a strike or bushel of Rye 5 s, a bushel of wheat 6, 7, or 8 s, etc. which dearth happened more by mean of overmuch transporting by our Merchants, than the unseasonableness of the weather passed. This year Bevis Bulmar an ingenious Gentleman made an engine at Broken wharf, Thames water connaied into London. thereby from thence to convey Thames water up into the City, sufficient to serve the whole West part thereof, being conveyed into men's houses by pipes of lead. The same Gentleman on the 18 of October gave unto sir Richard Martin then Lord Mayor of the City of London, and to the City for ever, one cup of silver with a cover, weighing 137 ounces of fine, A silver Mine found better than the Sterling; the silver of which cup with other (he said) was digged out of the mine in England, in the month of August last before passed. Robert Lee, Thomas Benet. Shrieves. Sir john Spencer Clothworker. Maior. The 30 of December a woman was burnt in Smithfield for coining of money. An. reg. 37 A woman burnt in Smithfield Bishop of London elected. The same day D. Fletcher B. of Worcester was elected B. of London. The 26 of january William Earl of Derby married the Earl of Oxford's daughter, Earl of Derby married. at the Court at Greenwich. The tenth of February two soldiers or Captains, named York and Williams, York and Williams● executed. were executed at Tyburn for felony. 1595 A jesuit executed. The 10 of February Southwell a jesuit, that long time had lain in the Tower of London, was arraigned at the King's Bench bar, he was condemned, and on the next morrow drawn from Newgate to Tyburn, and there hanged, bowelled and quartered. Great dearth of corn and other victuals. This year by means of the late transportation of grain into foreign Countries, the same was here grown to an excessive price, as in some parts of this Realm, from fourteen shillings to 4 marks the quarter. Disodered youths punished. On the 27 of june, certain young men apprentices and other, were punished by whipping, setting on the Pillory, etc. for taking of butter from the maket women in Southwark, after the rate of three pence the pound, whereas the cellar's price was 5 pence the pound, they would be their own carvers. Coiner and a cunning cozener punished. Certain men for coining were hanged, and also a Scrivener in Holborn was hanged, and quartered for taking the great seal of England from the old patent and putting the same to a new. On the 29 of june being Sunday in the afternoon, a number of unruly youths on the Tower hill, being blamed by the Warders of Towerstreete-ward to sever themselves and depart from thence, Unruly youths on the tower hill apprehended for being there assembled to do violence to the Lord Maior and to make insurrection. threw at them stones, and drove them back into Tower street, and were heartened thereunto by a late Soldier, sounding of a trumpet, but the trumpeter and many other of them being taken by the shrieves of London, and committed to prison. About 7 of the clock the same night, sir john Spencer Lord Maior road to the Tower hill, attended by his officers and others, to see the hill cleared of all tumultuous persons, where about the middle of the hill, some warders of the Tower or Lieutenant's men told sir john that the sword ought not to be borne up there, and two or thee catching hold thereof, some bickering was there, and she sword bearer hurt, but the Lord Maior seeing the hill cleared of all trouble road back, the sword bearer bearing up the sword. The two & twenty of july, Unruly youths executed on the Tower hill, they died penitent. in presence of the Earl of Essex, and other sent from the Queen, were arraigned in the guildhall of London, fine of those unruly youths that were on the Tower hill apprehended, they were condemned, and had judgement to be drawn, hanged and quartered, and were on the twenty four of the same month drawn from Newgate to the Tower hill, and there executed accordingly. Sir Thomas Wilford knight, Sir Tho. Wilford Provost Marshal within London h● behaved himself very mildly and discreetly. Provost Martial for the time in the City of London road about, and through the city of London daily, with a number of men well mounted on horseback, armed with cases of pistols, etc. This Marshal apprehended many vagrant and idle people, brought them to the justices, who committed them, etc. Thomas Low, Leonard holiday. Shrives'. Sir Stephen Slany Skinner. Maior. Two marshals in London at one time. This year in February, 1595. the Lord Maior and Aldermen, as well for expelling vagrant people out of the City, reforming of common abuses to be aiding to Clarks of the Market, for redress of foreigners false weights and measures, as to be assistant unto all Constables and other civil officers for the more speedy suppression of any distemperature that may arise by youth, or otherways; they ordained two Marshals, An. reg. 38 viz. Master Read, and Master Simson, and after them Master Roger Walrond was admitted alone. Notorious knaves. The 20 of February five men for cozenage and counterfeiting of Commissions, etc. were set on the Pillory in West Cheap, some of them had their ears nailed and cut off, others that had before lost their ears were burnt in their cheeks, and forehead. A Pinnace made in the Leaden Hall by a Land Carpenter being never taught nor used to make any Ships or Boats. This year a certain Pinnace was made by a House-carpenter, in the Gréene-yeard of Leaden hall in London, it was about some 5 tun, to be taken a sunder, and set together with vices; the same was finished and launched out of Leaden hall on the 12. of March in the night, and drawn by strength of men and horses on a sléed with wheels made for that purpose, towards Algate, where about the parish Church of S. Catherine Christ's Church, the wheels taking fire on the Axeltrées, were broken about one of the clock in the morning, where it stayed till the next night, and then was drawn to the Tower hill, where the same was calked and pitched, and on the xx. of March drawn and launched into the river of Thames, at the water gate by the Tower, and from thence by water drawn to Ratcliff, and there tackled. The ninth of April being good Friday in the afternoon, 1596. Soldiers pressed & discharged the Lord Maior and Aldermen were sent from the Sermon in Paul's Churchyard, and forthwith upon precept from the Council, pressed 1000 men, which was done by eight of the clock the same night, and before the next morning they were purveyed of all manner of furniture for the wars, ready to have gone towards Dover, and so to the aid of Calais against the Spaniards, but in the afternoon of the same day, they were all discharged. And on the 11. Soldiers pressed. of April being Easter day about ten of the clock came a new charge, so that all men being in the parish Churches ready to have received the Communion, the Aldermen, The Spaniards win Calais. their deputies, and Constables, were fain to close up the Churchdoores, till they had pressed so many to be soldiers, that by 12. of the Clock, they had in the whole City 1000 men, and they were forthwith furnished of armour and weapons, etc. Soldiers sent to Calais. And they were for the most part that night and the rest on the next morning sent away, to Dover, as the like out of other parts of the Realm, but returned again about a week after, for the French had lost Calais, etc. And in june 1598. the town of Calais was quietly restored back to the French. L. Keeper deceased. The last of April at night, deceased Sir john Puckering L. keeper of the great Seal, he died of a great palsy, wherewith he had been taken on the 26 of April at night. On May day proclamation was made, that all soldiers appointed to sea, should in all hast pass to Portesmouth, Soldiers to the sea. etc. to the Earl of Essex, and other the Nobility there. New L. Keeper. The 6 of May sir Thomas Egerton Master of the Rolls, was made Lord Keeper, and had delivered unto him the great Seal. The 11. he road (accompanied of the Nobility and others in great number) to Westminster, and there took his place. Water floods. These inundations were very strange & terrible. In this month of May (as afore.) fell continually rains every day or night, whereby the waters grew deep, broke over the high ways, namely, betwixt Ilford and Stradford the Bow, so that market people riding towards London, hardly escaped, but some were drowned: also towards Lambeth in the high way, people not on horseback were borne on men's backs, and rowed in wherries in Saint George's field. Robert Earl of Essex and Charles Howard, high Admiral of England, Cadize voyage. embarked with 150. good sail of ships on the first of june weighed anchor, and hoist up sails, outward their journey from Plymouth towards Spain, and won Cadiz, and returned with great booties and spoils. The 22 of july Henry Carey Lord Hunsdon, and Lord Chamberlain deceased at Somerset house without Temple bar, L. Chamberlain deceased. and was honourably buried at Westminster: about the same time also deceased Sir F. Knoles, one of her majesties privy Counsel. Sunday the eight of August, Triumph in London for victory in Spain. great triumph was made in London for the good success of the Earl of Essex, and his company in Spain, the winning, sacking and burning of the famous Town of Cadiz, the overthrow and burning of the Spanish Navy, and other accidents. A Serman of thanksgiving was preached at Paul's Cross in the forenoon, and bonfires with great joy. In the year 528, The Civil Laws reduced into order. and in the 2 year of justinian the Emperor, he gave charge that his first Cod● should be composed of the Gregorian, Theodosian and Hermoginean Code. In the third year of this Emperor, the first Code came forth. In the fourth year he commanded the Digests to be composed. In the seventh year of his reign the Institutions were set forth, and within one month after them came forth the Digests. In the eight year came forth the new Code of justinian. In his ninth year, which was in the year of our Lord 535 divers novel constitutions were published. The 15 of August a new house of Timber not full finished in Fleetstreet, suddenly fell down, A warning to Carpen●ers. and with it one old house adjoining, by the fall whereof the good man, with a manservant and a child were killed. In the month of August began a new collection, for so relieve the poor in this City, so that besides their ordinary pensions in money given to them, they also received weekly two shillings, Too good to last long. bread ready baked, every loaf weighing 24 or 26 ounces the piece: but this charity lasted but a while. The 29 of August, the Duke of Bolloine being arrived in England, came to the Court at Greenwich, Duke of Bolloine came into England. and there by oath for the King his Master, confirmed the League of amity betwixt the two Realms of England and France. Soldiers sent into France. Shortly after soldiers were sent over to aid the French in their wars. Earl of Shrewsbury Ambassador into France. The 16 of September, Gilbert Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury, and sir Anthony Mildmay Knight, Ambassadors, with Lords, Knights, Gentlemen, and other, to the number of more than two hundred horse, departed towards France, arrived at Deep on the twenty three, had audience of the King, who most princely welcomed them on the 7 of October, the fidelity or oath of the league was solemnly taken, the order of the Garter most royally performed, and the Ambassadors returning with great honours, arrived in the Downs on the 27 of October. Richard Goddard, john Wats, 28 Septem. Shrieves. Thomas Skinner Clothworker 28 Oct. Maior. Henry Billingsley 31 December. Through the diligent carefulness of T. Skinner Maior provision was made for corn to be brought from Dansk, Provision made for grain from beyond the seas. & other the Gaft Countries, by our Merchants, unto whom was granted custom and stowage free, as also to make their own price, or transport to any part of this Realm, whereupon it followed (were the price never so high) this City never wanted for their money. This year, like as in the months of August, September, October, and November, Great land waters. fell great rains, whereupon high waters followed: Dearth. wheat in meal was sold at London for ten shillings the bushel, Rye six shillings, and Oatmeal eight shillings. The 17 of November, a day of great triumph, An. reg. 39 Great triumph for the prosperous reign of her Majesty. for the long and prosperous reign of her Majesty at the Court, the Earl of Cumberland Champion for the Queen, the Earl of Essex, Bedford, Southampton, & Sussex, with other, ran at the tilt most bravely. Sunday the fifth of December, great numbers of people being assembled in the Cathedral Church of Wells in Somersetshire, Tempests in the City of Wels. in the Sermon time before noon, a sudden darkness fell among them, and storm and tempest followed, with lightning and thunder, such as overthrew to the ground them that were in the body of the Church, all which Church seemed to be on a light fire, a loathsome stench following, some stones were stricken out of the Bel tower, the wires and irons of the Clock were molten: which tempest being ceased, and the people come to themselves, some of them were found to be marked with sundry figures on their bodies, and their garments not perished, nor any marked that were in the Chancel. The 30. of December at night, deceased Peter Hauton, T. Skinner Maior deceased: he spent more of his time then any of his predecessors. H. Billingsley Mayor an Alderman of London, and the same night also deceased Thomas Skinner Lord Mayor of the same City. Whereby was made frustrate the great hope that men had conceived of his good government to come. And on the next morrow being the last of December, Henry Billingsley Haberdather, was elected Mayor, who being chief customer for her Majesty, on the twelfth even, sat in the Custom house with the sword before him lying on the table. The eleventh of january he took his oath at the Tower of London. In the month of May, Soldiers were pressed in the city of London to the number of 550. with all the furniture, 1597. Soldiers trained & sent to the sea. at the charges of the Citizens: these were trained to the field, out of which was picked 400. and the rest dismissed: these and other picked men out of divers Shires about the number of 6000. most bravely funished of all things necessary, besides the supersfluities of voluntaries, who spared for no cost, namely, in gold lace and feathers, under conduct of Robert Earl of Essex, were sent to the seas: they set from the west coasts of England, about the tenth of july, being Sunday, & on monday the same fleet was sailed out of sight from England, but the 17. being Saturday, having the wind against them, as the like for three or four days before, a tempest of lightning and thunder, rain, and darkness, shook and dispersed them, whereupon they returned: Sir Water Rawley, with forty sail came to Plymouth, and afterward the Earl and others, to Falmouth, some of their company wanting, namely, the Lord Thomas Howard, the Lord Mountioy, the Lord Rich, and other: the gallants or voluntaries came home again, but not with such jollity, as they went out, for many left their Feathers at sea. About the twenty seven of October, was news that the Earl of Essex was returned, having before sent home three or four ships very richly laden, and lately taken: he left the fleet to pursue the action in taking more. This Summer arrived here an Ambassador from the King of Polonia, and had audience the twenty five of july, whose Oration was presently answered by her Majesty in Latin. This year the Earl of Essex and the Lord Thomas Howard, the Earl of Southampton, The Islands voyage. sir Water Raleigh, & other brave Commanders, with 18. of the queens ships, & many English Merchants ships, and 12. Hollanders ships, made a warlike voyage to the Isles of Terceres. In the month of August, the price of Wheat in the Markets of London, fell from thirteen shillings the bushel, to ten shillings: Rye from nine shillings, to six shillings, and so to three shillings, but then rose again to the old greatest price. Ambassadors from Denmark. This year also, Arnold Whitefield, Chancellor of Denmark, Ambassador, and Christian Barnkun his assistant from the King of Denmark, arrived here: these had audience at the Court, then at Tibols, on the seventh of September, and were answered by her Majesty, without pause to every point of their embassage, and feasted. Shrieves. Henry Roe, john Moor, 28 September. Maior. Richard Saltonstall, Skinner. 28 October. Lectures read in Sir Thomas Gresham's College. Monday, the 3 of Octob. began the reading of the Divinity lecture in Sir Tho. Gresham's College, by him founded in Bishopsgate street. Earl of Notinghan created. Parliament at Westm. The 23 of October, the honourable Lord Charles Howard. Lord high Admiral of England, was created Earl of Nottingham at Westminster. The cause of this spoil of the people was the indiscreet behaviour of the inferior Marshals. A Parliament began at Westminster, on the 24 of October: on the which day divers people were smuldered and crushed to death, pressing between Whitehall, and the College Church, to have seen her Majesty, and Nobility riding in their Robes to the said Parliament. This year, An. reg. 40 Price of Pepper. Petty treason. Pepper was sold for eight shillings the pound. The 25 of january, one named Ainger, was hanged at Tyburn, for wilfully and secretly murdering of his own Father, a Gentleman, and a Counsellor at the Law at Gray Inn, in his chamber there. The ninth of February, A Parliament. the Parliament having granted three Subsidies, of four shillings the pound lands, and two shillings eight pence the pound goods, and six fifteens was dissolved and broke up. On the third of April, Twiford Town in Devonshire was burnt by casuality of fire, 1958. Twiford Town burnt. beginning in a poor cottage, a woman there frying pancakes with straw, the same fired the house, and so to the Town, about one of the clock in the afternoon: the rage of which fire, lasting one hour and a half, consumed 400 houses, burned down, one hundred and fifty thousand pounds consumed in money, Plate, Merchandise, household stuff, and houses: fifty persons, men, women, and children, consumed: an alms-house preserved with poor men therein in the midst of the flames: two thousand pounds weekly was bestowed there in the market on Mondays in Devonshire Carsies, nine thousand people maintained by the clothing of that town, in Cornwall, and Sommersetshire. It was the Earl of Devonshire's chief seat, where yet standeth his castle or court place. Thus much certified to her Majesty. Sir Robert Sicily returneth out of France. On the first of May, Sir Robert Sicily, and other Ambassadors, returned out of France, and came to the Court. The 12 of july, one johannes, alias, Buckley, a Priest made beyond the Seas, A jesuit executed. having been arraigned in the King Bench, on the third of july, and there condemned of Treason, for coming into this Realm, contrary to a Statute, was drawn to Saint Thomas a Water, and there hanged and quartered, his head set on the pillory in Southwark, his quarters in the highways towards Newinton, Lambeth, etc. Lord treasurer deceased. On the fourth of August, Sir William Sicily, Knight of the Order, Lord Burleigh, Master of the Wards and Liveries, Lord high Treasurer of England, a famous Counsellor to the Queen Majesty, during all her reign, and likewise had been to King Edward the sixth; who for his singular wisdom, was renowned throughout all Europe, departed this mortal life, at his house by the Strand, his body was conveyed to Westminster, with solemn funeral, and from thence secretly to Stanford, and there buried among his Ancestors. The King of Spain dieth. The third of September, died Philip the second of that name, King of Spain, at Madrill, at 72 years of age, his son Philip succeeded him. Doctor Cotton, Bishop of Excester. This year 1598., the 12 of the month of November, William Cotton, Doctor of divinity, sometimes Cannon of Paul's, was consecrated Lord Bishop of Excester. He strongly maintained the Rites, and Government of the Church. And lived so long, that he saw the change of Bishops, throughout all the bishoprics of England and Wales. The first of September, in the afternoon, Thunder and lightning. thunder and lightning at London, two great cracks, as it had been the shooting of great Ordinance, some men smitten at the Postern by the Tower of London, and one man slain at the Bridge-house in Southwark, over against the Tower. Edward Holmdon, Robert Hampson, Shrieves. the 28 of September. Sir Stephen Some, Grocer, Maior. the 28 of October. The second of October, Earl of Comberland returned from the seas. arrived the Earl of Comberland, being returned from the seas, and having made spoil of the strong Town and Castle of Saint john de Portarico, etc. The 9 of November, Squire of Gréenwich was arraigned at Westminster, Squire executed for high Treason. condemned of high Treason, and on the thirteenth, drawn from the Tower, to Tyburn, and there hanged and quartered. The 14 of November, The Qu. received. An. reg. 41 the queens Majesty came to Westminster, and was there most royally received by the Mayor of London, Aldermen and Shrieves in scarlet, and a great number of wealthy Citizens, in Velvet coats, and chains of gold, all on horse back in the evening by Torchlight. In the month of December, great frosts, the Thames nigh over-frozen at London. Great frosts. Soldiers sent into Ireland. In the beginning of the month of january, soldiers in divers shires, as also in the City of London, were pressed and furnished of all things necessary for the wars, and were sent into the Low countries there to serve, in place of old soldiers, from thence to be transported into Ireland. The subsidy men in the city were seized at eight pence the pound, goods, or lands, toward this charge. Also in this month, great lones of money were demanded and granted, by the citizens of London. Soldiers into Ireland. The month of February, a fifteen was granted, and paid by the citizens of London, for the setting forth of more soldiers into Ireland. 1599 Earl of Essex road towards Ireland. The 27 of March, about two of the clock in the afternoon, Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, Lieutenant General, Lord high Marshal, etc. departed from his house in Seding lane, through Fenchurch street, Grace-street, Cornhill, Cheap, etc. toward Iseldone, Highgate, and road that night to Saint Albon, towards Ireland: he had a great train of Noblemen and Gentlemen, on horseback before him, to accompany him on his journey, his coaches followed him: he had also (by the pleasure of God) a great shower or twain, of rain and hail, with some great claps of thunder, as he road through Islington. The months of March, April, and May cold and dry, but on Whitsonday great hail and high waters, the like of long time had not been seen, the extreme violence of this Tempest made London streets more fresh and fair then ever was seen before. In the month of August by the queens appointment (politicly to prevent dangerous annoyance of her estate, Ships sent to the seas and men trained for the wars. than feared to have happened, but not expressed) the Citizens of London were charged with the furniture and setting forth to sea, of twelve ships, since increased to 16. etc. Also with 6000. men and furniture for the wars, which men with all speed were made in a readiness. Three thousand of them were daily trained in the field under Captains, Citizens of the same City, from the sixth of August, etc. The other three thousand appointed to attend upon her Royal person, were also likewise trained under Captains, in brave furniture, for they were householders of account: all which their charges was partly borne by themselves, the residue performed by subsidies levied of the Citizens. In this mean time, to wit, on the fifth of August at night by commandment from her Majesty, the chains were drawn thwart the streets and lanes of the City, and Lanterns with light of candles, hanged one at every man's door, there to burn all the night, and so from night to night, and great watches kept in the streets, which so continued a long time. The City and Citizens kept unusual watch and ward, and all sorts of people were much amazed and frighted, as well by reason of preparation for wars, not knowing any cause, as also by the sudden strange, and terrible rumours and reports of the Spaniards fierce approach. Also many thousands of horsemen and footmen chosen persons, well appointed for the wars, trained up in armour, with brave liveries, under valiant Captains in divers shires, were brought up to London, where they were lodged in the suburbs, towns, and villages near adjoining, from the eight of August, till the 20. or 23. in which time the horsemen were showed in Saint james field, the footmen traimed in other grounds about the City, and then all discharged homewards, with charge to be always ready at an hours warning. And so it followed, that on the 25. of August at night, Posts were sent after them, to recall the horsemen, presently to return to London with all speed possible, which charge they prepared to perform. But on the 27. of August the said Posts were likewise sent to stay them at home, or to return them back, whose forwardness in service of the Queen was such, as the like hath not been seen or heard of, towards any Prince of this Realm, such was the dutifulness of her loving and obedient subjects. The 26. of August, being Sunday in the morning before six of the clock, by the commandment from the Queen, the 3000. soldiers trained up by the Citizens, were all in Armour, in the open streets, attending on their Captains, till past seven of the clock: at what time being thoroughly wet by a great shower of rain, were sent home again for, that day. On the next morrow, being the 27, the other 3000 Citizens, householders, and subsidy men, showed on the Miles end, where they trained all that day, and other until the 4 of September, and so ceased they training: and whatsoever had been foreseen, and wisely prevented by the Queen, and her Nobility, (whereof the Commonalty were utterly ignorant for that time) a good Peace within this Realm hath since followed, which God long continue among us. Humphrey Wild, Roger Clarke, Shrieves. the 28 of September. Sir Nicholas Mosley, Clothworker, Maior. the 28 of October. This Roger Clerk Shrieve, bidding the Companies of London to dine with him, Note. as had been accustomed by other Shrieves his predecessors, took no benevolence of them towards his charges. On Michaelmas even, Robert, Earl of Essex, Lieutenant General for Ireland, Earl of Essex returned out of Ireland. having secretly returned into England, came to the Court at Nonsuch, & spoke with the Queen, and on the second of October, was for contempt, etc. committed to the Lord Keeper. The people ignorantly muttered many things. On the 29 of November, the Lord Keeper, and other Lords of the Counsel, in the Star Chamber, persuaded against rumorous talk of the Earl of Essex. The Archdukes installed. In December, the late Cardinal Albertus, and Isabel his wife, Daughter to the late King of Spain, with great pomp in Antwerp, were sworn Archdukes. An. reg. 42 A Tilt-boat from London, towards Gravesend, lost against Woolwich, with 40 persons, men and women, whereof 11 were saved. Twenty prisoners sent to Wisbich Castle. The 19 of january, 16 Priests, and four lay men, were removed out of divers prisons, in, and about London, and sent to the Castle of Wisbich, in Cambridge-shire, whereof one was a Bishop of Ireland, and another a Franciscan Friar, of the rule of the Caputians, which wore his Friar's weed all the way as he went, a thing not seen in England many years before. L. Mountioy sent into Ireland. The eight of February, Charles Blunt, Lord Mountioy, departed towards Ireland, as Lieutenant there: soldiers out of divers shires were sent before him, and also after him in the month of February, namely the Citizens of London, at their own charges, furnished and sent 300 at that time into Ireland. The 21 of june, john Rigby was drawn from the King's Bench in Southwark, 1600. to S. Thomas Water, and there hanged and quartered, for being reconciled contrary to the Statute. In the month of july, were drawn, hanged, and quartered at Lincoln, two Priests, Execution of Seminaries. named T. Hunt and Sprat, for coming into this Realm, contrary to the Statute: two other Priests, Edward Thing, and Robert Nutter, were likewise executed for the like offence, at Lancaster. Also T. Palafer a Priest, executed at Durham, and a Gentleman with him, for relieving and lodging him in his house. In the month of july, Soldiers sent into Ireland. the Citizens of London sent out 300 soldiers into Ireland with their furniture: also out of divers shires, soldiers were likewise furnished and sent thither. This year, in the month of April, Richard, The Bishop of London Ambassador to Emden. Bishop of London, with other Commissioners, to wit, Doctor Perkins, and Doctor Small, were sent Ambassadors to Emden, there to treat with the Commissioners from the King of Denmark, who had long remained there for that purpose: but their commission expired, they were returned ere Ambassadors were come there: whereupon our Ambassadors also returned into England, the 8 of july next following. In which service, the said Reverend Father, so wisely, bountifully, & honourably carried himself, that the Queen very graciously accepted his proceedings. The fifth of june, the Earl of Essex was called before the Lords of the Council, The Earl of Essex suspended from his office. at the Lord Keepers, where for matters laid to his charge, he was suspended from use of divers offices, till her majesties pleasure to the contrary, to keep his house, as before: whereat the people still murmured. Conspiracy against the King of Scots. The 5 of August, Charles james, King of Scots, in Scotland, escaped a strange and strong conspiracy, practised by the Earl of Gowry, and his Brother, as at large appeareth in a book thereof extant, first published, and printed in Scotland, and since in England. Means for an entreaty of peace to be had. A peace being concluded at Veraine in France, in the year 1598., between Henry the fourth, King of France and Navarre, and Philip the second King of Spain: The Queen of England, was likewise invited by the French King, her confederate ally, to dispose herself unto a like treaty of amity with Spain. To the effecting whereof, he had procured the consent of the K. of Spain, then living. After whose decease, Philip the third, succeeding his Father in the Crown, the same was again revived and solicited by Andreas of Austria, the Governor of the Low Countries, and the Bishop of Constance, both for the house of Burgundy, and Kingdom of Spain, afterwards ratified by the Archduke, Albert returned out of Spain, with the Infanta his wife. Upon which former promise made unto her Majesty, she was at length induced to condescend unto a treaty of peace at Bolaigne in France, a place chosen by mutual agreement on either side, with the assent and good liking of the French King; whether both Princes sent their Ambassadors, furnished with ample power and authority in that behalf, where the English Ambassadors arrived the sixteenth day of May, in this present year, 1600, being the day prefixed for this assembly, and the Spanish, the seventeenth of the same month. The Commissioners on the English side were these, Sir Henry Nevel Knight, her majesties ordinary Ambassador, resident with the French King, john Harbert, Esquire, her majesties Secretary in the North part, and Thomas edmond's Esquire, her majesties Secretary for the French tongue. The Commissioners for Spain, were Balthasar de Caniga, and Fonseca, Ambassador resident for the King of Spain, with the Archduke of Austria in the Low Countries, and Ferdinando Carillo, Doctor of the civil Law, unto whom were adjoined on the archdukes part, john Richardot, Precedent of the counsel of the said Archduke, and Lewis Verraken, the said Archdukes Audiencer. The Commissioners on both sides, being viewed and considered of, some question for the presidency and superiority of place, fell into disputation and debate, her Majesty challenging the same, as due unto her, before the time of the Emperor Charles, (as appeareth by Volateran) in the time of King Henry the seventh, her highness Grandfather, when this self-same difference between both those Crowns coming into question, the Pope preferred England, and adjudged unto this Crown, the most honourable place: but forasmuch as the same was contradicted by the Spanish Commissioners, who not only refused to yield presiansie unto her Majesty, but also to admit an equality, or of any other indifferent and middle course, whereby the honour of her Majesty might be preferred; the present treaty (which hitherto was performed, only by some private visitations and conferences of some one or two of the Commissioners on either side, without coming to any general meeting or colloquy) was on the second day of August, in the year aforesaid, for this time delayed, and by mutual assent of the Commissioners on both sides, according to their several authorities, respectively granted unto them in that behalf, suspended, until the the end of sixty days following, in which mean while it might be understood, what should be the determination of both Princes, for a further ● preceding in the said colloquy of peace at some other time and place, wherein as yet no certain resolution hath been hitherto taken. Ambassadors from Barbary. The 8 of August, 1600, came Ambassadors from Abdela Wayhetanow, King of Barbary, the chief whereof was his Secretary, divers in commission with him were Artificers and Tradesmen: Right Turkish charity. they were very bountifully entertained at the queens charges, during their six months abode, they were very subtle and unthankful, they abhorred to give any manner of Alms unto any poor Christians, they sold their broken meat unto such as would give most for it, they killed all their own meat in the Ambassadors house, as Lambs, and all kind of Pullen, etc. which they usually killed, turning their faces towards the East, they used to wash their own feet twice or thrice aday, and sometimes to wash their bodies: they use beads, and pray to Turkish Saints: they diligently observed the manner of our weights and measures, and all things else that might avail their native Merchants, and prejudice the English Nation. The 18 of September, Ambassadors from Russia. came Ambassadors from Borris Pheodorwich, Emperor of Russia, which said Borris was newly come unto that dignity by usurpation, only by means of his greatness in popularity, having as he supposed long before made away the late immediate Heir Demetrius, second son to old Ivan Vasselowich, and younger brother to the late Pheodor Vasselowich. This Borris at his first coming to the crown, was as bounteous and liberal unto all sorts of people, as he was when he was a subject; but within a while after he grew very covetous, and desirous to fill his treasure, by means whereof within six years he was as generally hated of all the Russians, as ever he was beloved: of whose sudden and unexpected downfall, you may read at large in the third year of King james. About the last of August, Robert, Earl of Essex set at liberty. Earl of Essex was set at liberty. The 10 of September, They were sent home at the Q. charges. the said Ambassadors of Barbary, were again conveyed to the Court at oatland's, They were sent home at the Qu. charges. there to take their leave of her Majesty, but were required to stay, to see the justing, and other triumphs at Westminster, on the 17. of November. Souldirs sent into Ireland, run aways punished. In the month of September, soldiers priest, in, and about the City of London, to the number of 350. and likewise out of divers shires were sent towards Ireland, whereof divers running from their Captains and colours, were afterward taken and hanged for example to others. Ambassadors from Russia and Muscovia. The 18. of September, Ambassadors from Muscovia or Russia, landing at Tower wharf, were there received by the Aldermen of London, in scarlets, the Muscovy Merchants, and a number about two hundred, of the principal companies in velvet Coats, and chains of gold, all well mounted, conveyed them in c●aches, from the Tower to the house sometime pertaining to Sir Cuthbert Buckell, Mayor. The 14. of October, the said Ambassadors rode to the Court, and had audience before the Queen. Hospital in Croyden founded. This year the most Reverend Father in God john Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury, did finish that notable monument of our time, to wit, his Hospital of the holy Trinity in Croyden, in the County of Surry, by him there founded & builded of stone and brick, for the releise and sustentation of certain poor people. As also a fair Schoole-house for the increase of literature, together with a large dwelling house for the Schoolmaster: and these premises he hath through God's assistance in his own life time performed, for as (my self have heard him say) he would not be to his Executors a cause of their damnation, remembering the good advice that an ancient Father hath left to all posterity. Tutior via est, ut bonum quod quisquis post mortem sperat agi per alios, agate dum vivit ipse per se: It is a way far more safe for a man to do● good and charitable deeds by himself, whilst he liveth, then to hope that others will do the same for him after his death. Thomas Smith, Thomas Cambell, Shrieves. the 28 of September. William Craven, the fourteenth of February. Sir William Rider Haberdasher, Maior. the 28 of October. The 13 of November, the Queen being most honourably attended on by the Prelates, Nobles, and judges of this Realm, was received near unto Chelsey, by the Lord Mayor of London with his brethren the Aldermen, in scarlet, beside to the number of 500 Citizens, in coats of velvet, and chains of gold, on horseback, every of them having two staffe-torches to attend on them, and they all waited on her to her Palace at Westminster. An. reg. 43 justs at Westminster. The 17 of November, there were most princely justs performed at Whitehall in honour of the queens holy day by three Earls, four Lords, seven Knights and nine Gentlemen, her majesties Pensioners. At these justs was so great an assembly of people, as the like hath not been seen in that place before. There were also present sundry Ambassadors, as namely from the French King, the King of Barbary, and Fez, and the Emperor of Russia. Tempest. The fifth of February in the morning being Sunday, a great tempest of wind broke the Windmill beyond Saint Giles in the field without London, the Miller thrown one way, an other man an other way, one North, the other South, a part of the Mill roof, and half the millstone in like manner thrown. Drumlers made in great haste to little purpose. Notwithstanding, that for many years together upon sundry devices, the City was continually charged either with building, or furnishing ships and soldiers to Sea, or else in training, mustering, or levying and sending soldiers well appointed, either into Ireland or Holland, or into both: all which were ever performed with wondrous dexterity, so as their great trouble and charges for sixteen years space never ceased. Over and beside all which, it happened the last year, upon a strong report of the Spaniards preparation for a second invasion, that the City was at extraordinary charges in building and altering the upper decks of many great strong hoys, and new cutting in them lower portholes apt for the ready use of great Ordnance, Galleys made by the Citizens of London, and given to the Queen. which vessels so altered and prepared for war were called Drumlers. And this year the Citizens gave five fifteens towards the new making and ample furnishing of two Galleys. And when these costly Galleys were launched, rigged, and in all points furnished, than the City gave them unto the Queen. The Cross in Cheap was partly repaired, which the Queen thought had been fully repaired, for so she commanded it should. Sunday the eight of February, Earl of Essex his rising. about ten of the clock before noon, Robert Devoreux Earl of Essex, assisted by sundry Noblemen and Gentlemen in warlike manner-entered the City of London at the Temple bar, crying for the Queen, till they came to Fenchurch street, and there entered the house of Master Thomas Smith, one of the sheriffs of London, who finding himself not master of his own house (by means of the strength the Earl brought with him) and being ignorant of his intent and purposes, conveyed himself out at a back gate to the Mayor, whereupon the Earl with his Troop turned into Grace-stréete, & there perceiving himself with his Assistants to be proclaimed Traitors, also the Citizens to be raised in Arms against him, he with his followers wandering up and down the City, towards Evening would have passed at Ludgate, which was closed against him, so that he was forced to return to Queen Hithe, and from thence by water, to his house by the Strand, which he fortified; he understanding that great Ordnance was brought to have beat it down, he yielded and was conveyed to the Tower about midnight. The 17 of February, Captain Thomas Lee was drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged, bowelled, and quartered for conspiracy against the Queen: he took his death constantly, confessing he had divers ways deserved it, but to be innocent of that he was condemned for, etc. A Seminary executed. The eighteenth of February, john Pibush a Seminary Priest, after seven years imprisonment in the King's Bench, hanged and quartered at Saint Thomas Water, for coming into the Realm, contrary to the statute Anno twenty seven of the queens reign. The Earls of Essex & Southampton arraigned. The 19 of February, the Earl of Essex and the Earl of Southampton were both arraigned at Westminster, and found guilty of high Treason. The Earl of Essex beheaded. Ash-wednesday, the five and twenty of February, the Earl of Essex was beheaded in the Tower, between the hours of seven and eight of the clock in the morning, being present, the Earls of Hartfort and Cumberland, the Lord Thomas Howard Constable of the Tower for that time, and not passing sixty or seventy persons more: the Hangman was beaten as he returned thence, so that the Shrieves of London were sent for, to assist and rescue him from such as would have murdered him. The 27 of February, Mark Bakworth, Execution of Seminaries. and Th. Filcockes Seminary Priests, were drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged and quartered, for coming into the Realm contrary to the Statute. And the same day a Gentlewoman called Mistress Anne Lina, a Widow, A Gentlewoman hanged. was hanged in the same place, for relieving a Priest in her lodging contrary to the said statute. The last day of February, a young Gentleman, named Waterhouse, One hanged for libeling. was hanged in Smithfield, for speaking and libeling against the queens proclamation, and the apprehending of the Earl of Essex: at this time Libelers abounded. The fifth of March, the Earl of Marre, Ambassadors from Scotland, the Lord of Krynters, in Commission, Ambassadors, and others from Scotland, came to London, and were lodged by the Exchange, in the house of Master Anthony Ratcliff. The 13 of March, Sir Jelly Merike Knight, Merike and Cuffe executed. and Henry Cuffe Gentleman, were drawn to Tyburn, the one from the Tower, the other from Newgate, and there hanged, bowelled and quartered, as being actors with the Earl of Essex. The 15 of March, in the night, a new Scaffold was carried from Leaden Hall in London to the Tower hill, and there set up by Torchlight. Danvers and Blunt executed. The 18 of March, Sir Charles Danvers, and Sir Christopher Blunt Knights, were upon the new scaffold on the Tower-hill beheaded. 1601 In the month of May, five fifteens were levied in London, toward the setting out of Galleys to the Seas (as was appointed by the Queen) and charges about the Earl of Essex, when he entered the City. The 20 of june Proclamation was made at London for delivering of Prisoners to serve in the Galleys, made at the charge of the Citizens. Bold offenders severely punished. Two men were set on the Pillory in Fleetstreet, whipped with gags in their mouths, and their ears cut off, for attempting to have robbed a Gentlewoman in Fetter lane in the day time, putting gags in the mouths of the servants of the house because they should not cry. One of these thieves was afterwards hanged and quartered at Saint Thomas Water. The Earl of Shrewsburie and Worcester of counsel. Soldiers sent to the Low countries. Gilbert Talbot Earl of Shrewsburie, Edward Earl of Worcester, & sir john Stanhope were called to be of the Queen's Council. In the month of july 1000 soldiers were sent to the Low Countries, set out at the charges of the Citizens of London, 3 l 10. s. a man. More 800 soldiers set out by the Shires. Desmond brought out of Ireland. The 26 of August, Desmond and an other Knight brought out of Ireland, were conveyed to the Tower of London. About the 5 of September certain Noblemen, and other of France, to the number of 300 persons arrived at the Tower wharf, Marshal Byron of France. the chief of them were conveyed in Coaches through the City into Bishopsgate street, and there the principal, namely Marshal de Byron was lodged in Crosby place, the other near adjoining to Cornhill. Henry Anderson, William Glover, Shrieves. the 28 of September. Sir john Garrard Haberdasher, Maior. the 28 of October. About the 13 of October, Lady Ramsey. An. reg. 44 400 soldiers were set out of the City of London. In November the Lady Mary Ramsey, widow to Sir Thomas Ramsey, sometime Mayor of London was buried in the Parish church or Hospital of Christ's church by Newgate market: A charitable dole or alms was given for her, on the same day in the afternoon at the Leaden hall 17 poor weak people were there among the sturdy beggars crushed and trodden to death. 17 poor people murdered. The 19 of December, Parliament dissolved. with the grant of Subsidies and fifteens the Parliament was dissolved. Lightning and thunder often before Christmas, and in the holy days, Lightning thunder & earthquake at Christmas. and an Earthquake at London on Christmas even at noon. In the month of january news came out of Ireland, Victors in Ireland. that on Christmas day the Spaniards and Irish were overcome and slain in great numbers, and the Englishmen were victors. Bonfires for victory in Ireland. The 18 of january at night bonfires were made at London with ringing, etc. For joy of news out of Ireland, the victory of our English there against Tyrone. Windsor boat cast away. 1682 Execution. Windsor boat was cast away against the Black Friars stairs at London by tempest. The ninetéenth of April, Peter Bullock Stationer, and one named Ducat, for printing of books offensive were hanged at Tyburn. Seminaries executed. The 20 of April, Stichborne, William Kenson, and james Page, seminaries Priests were drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged, bowelled and quartered, for coming into this realm contrary to the statute of An. 27. etc. Great levying of soldiers to aid Holland. In the month of May, great pressing out of Soldiers about London, to be sent into the Low Countries. The 22 of june, proclamation was published for the pulling down of late builded houses, Proclamation against late building and Inmates, but never the better. and the avoiding of Inmates, in the City of London, Westminster, and for the space of three miles distant of both these Cities; but little hurt was done, and small effect followed, more than of an Act of Parliament, made to that purpose: those Cities are still increased, and pestered with cottages and Inmates, to the great infection of them both. Seditious persons punished. The last of june, Atkenson a customer of Hull, was set on the Pillory in Cheap, and with him three other, who had been brought thither on horse back, with their faces towards the horse tails, and papers on their heads. They were there whipped on the Pillory and lost their ears by judgement of the star-chamber, for slanderous words by them spoken, against the Counsel. The same last of june in the afternoon fell great lightning and thunder with halestones in many places of nine inches compass, Tempest of thunder and hail. which at Sandwich in Kent lay a foot deep on the ground, broke the glass windows of their Churches, and many tiles of their houses, some barns were fired by lightning. About the first of August, Soldiers to Ireland the citizens of London set out and furnished 200 soldiers towards Ireland. james Pemberton, john Swinarton, Shrieves. the 28 of September. Sir Robert Lee Merchantailor, Maior. the 28 of October. In the month of january, An. reg. 45 the citizens of London were charged with ships to sea, to lie before Dunkirk, two ships and a Pinnace, furnished, manned and maintained. The 17 of February William Anderson alias Richardson, a Seminary Priest, Seminaries executed. was drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged, bowelled and quartered, for being found in England contrary to the statute of Anno 27. etc. In the month of March, the Queen lying at Richmont, Staight watches kept. dangerously sick, strait watches were kept in London with warding at the gates, lanterns with lights hanged out all the night, at which news the people were sore perplexed. Queen Elizabeth deceased. Thursday the four and twenty of March, about two of the clock in the morning, deceased Queen Elizabeth at her Manor of Richmont in Surrey, being then aged seventy years, and had reigned, forty four years five months and odd days. Whose corpse was privily conveyed to Whitehall, and there remained till the 28 of April, and then buried at Westminster. King james proclaimed. The same day aforesaid, the Nobility and Privy Counsellors of Estate, with as great peace, prudence and providence, as the heart of man could imagine, assembled themselves together, and far beyond the general imagination of all men, being a matter most remarkable, took speedy order, aswell for the instant manifesting the queens death, as in publishing to the whole Realm, for their lasting comfort, the true and lawful successor. And about eleven of the clock the same Thursday in the forenoon, There were 37 Earls & Barons & Bishops dined that day with Master Shrieve Pemberton, besides judges & chief gentry that dined with Master Shrieve Swinarton. which according to the computation of the Church of England is the last day of the year 1602, being accompanied with the Lord Maior, Aldermen and Shrieves of London, and very many others of most reverend and honourable quality at the high Cross in Cheapside, proclaimed james the sixth of that name King of Scotland, to be the right King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, defender of the Faith, being lineally descended from Margaret, the eldest daughter to King Henry the seventh, by Elizabeth his wife, which was the eldest daughter of King Edward the fourth, the said Margaret was married to King james the fourth of that name, King of Scotland, in the year of our redemption, 1503 who had issue james the fifth, who was Father to Mary Queen of Scotland: And the said Mary was mother to james the sixth, now sole Monarch of the whole Island of great Britain, and King of France and Ireland, this forenamed Proclamation was most distinctly and audibly read by Sir Robert Cecil principal Secretary unto Queen Elizabeth. Also the Lords and Privy Councillors of Estate with great diligence, sent speedily condign Messengers unto his Majesty into Scotland, who manifested their whole proceeding with tender of their zealous love and duty, and the people's universal joy, and great desire to see their King, which his Majesty most graciously accepted, approved all their proceedings, and returned them all princely thanks, authorizing the Lords and others late Privy Counsellors of Estate to the Queen, to persist as they had begun, until he came personally unto them. This change was very plausible, and well pleasing to the Nobility and Gentry, and generally to all the Commons of this Realm, among whom the name of a King was then so strange, as few could remember, or had seen a King before, except they were aged persons, considering that the government of the Realm had continued near the space of 50. years under the reign of two Queens, which is the far greater part of an old man's age, but tidings hereof being brought to the King in Scotland, he called a Council to him, and taking order for setting all things in his realm of Scotland, began his voyage towards England. King JAMES. PResently upon the death of Queen Elizabeth of famous memory, An. reg. 1. the Nobility of this Land and Privy Counsellors of Estate unto the said Queen, acknowledged the immediate right of james the sixth, than King of Scots, and within six hours after her death, the said Lords and Counsellors, gave full satisfaction unto the people by three Proclamations, the first at the Court gate, the second at the high Cross in Cheap, and the third at the Tower, by the name of james the 1. King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, defender of the Faith, etc. The King being then full 36 years of age, and crowned King of Scots in his infancy, began his reign over the great Isle of Britain the 24 of March 1602. The Nobility and State aforesaid, with all speed sent Sir Charles Percy and Master Thomas Somerset with letters unto the King, signifying the death of the Queen, and tender of all their duties, love and allegiance; but Sir Robert Cary rid post and brought the first news to the King, and as he road gave knowledge unto his brother Sir john Cary, than Governor of Berwick. This calm and discreet course of the English Lords, in proclaiming the King, and quiet settling the whole Estate, without faction or interruption, was as plausible unto all his highness Subjects as admitted of all foreign nations. 1603. The King Beginneth his journey for England. The 5. of April the King came from Edinburgh to Dunglasse, and the next day to Berwick, and upon the morrow after came news of many disordered persons that were in Arms in the borders, whereat the King was somewhat troubled, and forthwith there was power sent to suppress them, and after that when the King came to London, he with the advice of the Lords of his Counsel, set all the parts of the northborders in as good condition as any other part of his dominions. The king's journey from Berwick. to London The 8. of April the King went from Berwick to Wytherington, and then to Newcastle, and from thence to Durham, to York, to Grimstone, to Dancester, to Newarke upon Trent, to Bevercastle, to Burleigh, to Hinchingbrooke, to Godmanchester, to Royston, to Standon, to Theobalos, where the Lords and either of the Privy Council, and many other of the Nobility, attended his coming, and did their homage unto his Majesty: And here the King made of his Privy Council, the Lord Henry Howard, the L. Tho. Howard, who was also made L. Chamberlain, and the L. Mountioy, there the King made 28 knights. The 10 of April divers prisoners were discharged out of the Tower, Prisoners discharged. among whom the Earl of Southamton was the chiefest. The 27 of April, divers slain by Gunpowder. there were thirteen persons slain, and blown in pieces, by misfortune, at the Gunpowder mill at Redriffe. The 7 of May his Majesty came from Theobalds' to London, against which time Master james Pemberton and Master john Swinnarton, The Lord Maior, Shrieves and chief Citizens, ride to receive the King. shrieves of London and Middlesexe had furnished themselves with 80 men on horse back, in fair Liveries, but Master Pemberton being sick, M. Swinnarton with the whole train attended at Waltham to receive his Majesty, as the shrieves of other Counties had formerly done in all the King's progress from Scotland. And at Stanford hill three miles from London, the L. Maior & Aldermen in scarlet robes, accompanied with the chief officers & councillors of the City, & 500 grave Citizens in velvet coats and chains of gold well mounted, attended his Majesty: there met him also divers his highness officers as Sergeants at arms, Heralds, & Trumpeters, every one in due place: the Duke of Lenox bore the sword, the L. Tho. Howard received his Majesty into the Charterhouse, where he stayed 4 days & made 80 knights; you shall understand the whilst the King was in his journey, Prisoners released. many prisoners were released out of divers prisons & the Maundy very solemnly performed. And the 28 of April at Westminster a very Royal obsequy for the late Queen Elizabeth, Funeral for Queen Elizabeth according to the King's appointment by his letters to the Lords of the Privy Council, all ancient English rites and customs were fully observed, except only the feast of Saint George, which his Majesty deferred until his personal coming unto some of his own palaces. Proclamation. The 7 of May proclamation was made for suppression of all manner of former Monopolies that hindered commerce, and protections that impeached men's suits in Law, and against the annoyance and oppressions done by the saltpeter men, purveyors, and Cardmakers. Barons Created. The 11 of May, the King road privately from the Charterhouse to Whitehall, and went from thence by water to the Tower of London, and there the 13 of the same he made Barons, viz. Robert Lord Cecil Baren of Essenden, Robert Lord Sidney Baron of Penshurst, William Lord Knowles Baron of Gray, Edward Lord Wotton Baron of Marley: he also made xi knights. Proclamations. The 16 of May, Proclamation was made to prohibit all manner of persons from killing of Dear, and all wild foul, according to the Tenor of divers statutes, for preservation of the King's game of hunting and hawking. The 19 of May, proclamation was made for the suppression of disordered persons in the North-borders, and for the mutual peace and amity of both Kingdoms. The 20 of May, the King made Knights, Knights made. sir julius Caesar, sir Roger Wilbram, masters of the requests, sir William Waad, sir Thomas Smith, sir Thomas edmond's, clerks of the privy Council, and sir Thomas Lake, Clerk of the Signet. The twenty two of May, the King knighte● sir Robert Lee, Mayor of London, The Lord Mayor of London knighted. sir john Crook Recorder, and sir Edward Cook, his highness Attorney general. And that day the King made a great feast, and was served with great state, and at night sundry fireworks upon the Thames, the Court being at Greenwich. In the last year, Sergeant's feast. and last term of Queen Elizabeth, there was a call of Sergeants at Law, viz. Thomas Coventrie, Robert Houghton, Laurence Tanfield, I. Crook, Thomas Foster, Edward Philips, Thomas Harris, james Altham, Henry Hubert, Augustine Nichols, and Robert Barker: these received writs from the Queen, de statu & gradu seruientum ad legem suscipiendi, returnable tres Pascae next following, being the second return in Easter term: but the Queen dying in the mean time, their Writes abated, which notwithstanding the King being advertised thereof in Scotland, from the Council of England, of their late election, gave order for the rest of their proceedings, according to their ancient laudable customs, so far forth, as that they proceed by new Writs, in his name returnable the day aforesaid, and added unto their number three others, viz. john Shirley, George Snig, and Richard Hutton: these fourteen, upon Tuesday the seventh of May, being the next day after the return of their writs, made their appearance before sir Thomas Egerton, Lord Keeper of the great Seal, in the high Court of Chancery, and were then sworn Sergeants at Law, and upon Tuesday following, being the 24 of May, they were admitted to the Common pleiss bar, and the same day kept their solemn feast in the middle Temple hall. At this feast, Sir E. Philips was chosen the King's Sergeant: you shall understand, that albeit some of the Sergeants were knighted, yet amongst themselves they had no precedence, but every man held his place according to his antiquity. Note. Presumption punished. The 1 of june, there was one whipped through London for presuming to come to the Court, having his house infected. Valentine Thomas executed for high treason. The 4 of june, Valentine Thomas having been many years prisoner in the Tower, was arraigned at the King's Bench Bar, and there condemned of high treason, for conspiracy against our late Queen, and some of her Council, and the 7 of june about six of the clock, he was drawn from the King's Bench in Southwark, to S. Thomas Water, and there hanged and quartered. Ambassador. About this time came Ambassadors from many foreign Princes, namely Monsieur Rosney, from the French King, Don john de Tassis, from the King of Spain, others came from the Archduke, from the King of Poland, the Signory of Venice, the Duke of Florence and the States of Holland. The twenty one of june Roger Earl of Rutland was sent Ambassador unto Christianus the fourth King of Denmark to solemnize the Baptism of his son, The Earl of Rutland Ambassador into Denmark. and to present him with the Garter, being attended by W. Segar Norroy King of Arms, he returned into England the thirtieth of july. The 2. The great Ladies of England do their homage to the queen. Knights of the Garter. of july the King solemnized the feast of S. George at Windsor, and installed Prince Henry Knight of the Garter, and there the chief Ladies of England did their homage unto the Queen. There were also made Knights of the Garter with Prince Henry, the Duke of Lenox, the Earl of Southampton, the Earl of Marre, and the Earl of Pembroke. Within few days after were made divers Proclamations for the apprehension of Anthony Copley, Sir Griphin Markham Knight, Proclamations. The Lord Cobham, and the Lord Grey and Sir Walter Raleigh apprehended. and William Watson, and William Clerk Priests, and about the same time were apprehended as traitors the Lord Cobham and his brother, the Lord Grey, sir Walter Raleigh and others. The 21. of july, at Hampton Court, Henry Wri●●hesley Earl of Southampton was created and restored, Cration of Earls and Barons. the Lord Thomas Howard created Earl of Suffolk, Charles Lord Montioy created Earl of Devonshire, Sir Thomas Egerton Baron of Elesmire, sir William Russell Baron of Thornehaugh, sir Henry Grey, Baron of Grooby, sir john Peter, Baron of Writtle, sir john Harington, Baron of Exton, sir Henry Danvers, Baron of Dawnsey, sir Thomas Garrerd, Baron of Gerrardes Bromley, sir Robert Spencer, Sir Thomas edmond's Ambassador. Baron of Wormeleighton, sir Thomas edmond's is sent Ambassador Lieger to the Archduke. The twenty three of july, the King made sixty and one Knights of the Bath. Knights of the Bath. Coronation. Against this time of Coronation, the citizens had made wondrous great provision; but through the terrible increase of pestilence in the City and Suburbs, their sumptuous Pageants, and other triumphant entertainments, stood like ruins, being not yet finished, and the King constrained to omit his former determination, in riding through London, as Kings have accustomed, and all Londoners prohibited by Proclamation from coming at Court: there died that week of all diseases, eleven hundred and three: the twenty five of july being Monday, and the feast of Saint james the Apostle, King james the first of that name, King of England, and the most noble Lady Queen Anne his wife, were both crowned and anointed at Westminster, by the most reverend Father in GOD, john Whitgift, L. Archbishop of Canterbury, in presence of all the Nobility, and divers others, namely, Sir Robert Lee, Mayor of London, in a rob of crimson Velvet, & all the Aldermen in scarlet gowns, and twelve Citizens admitted to attend them. The twenty sixth of july, The Aldermen of London knighted. the King sent for all the Aldermen of London, to Westminster, and knighted them, and the same day the King knighted sir Christopher Parkens, Doctor of the Law, Master of the Requests, and Deane of Carlil●. At this time, The 5 of August, to be kept holy day. the Bishops commanded the 5 of August to be held as a Holiday, with prayers, preaching and thanksgiving to God for the King's escape from being murdered by Earl Gowry in Scotland. The plague increased still most grievously in London, and thereupon it was ordained, A holy decree. that every Wednesday there should be a general fasting and prayer, with preaching throughout the land, to draw the people unto humble and hearty repentance of their sins. This year, Fairs forbidden. Term at Winchester. No majors feast at Guild hall. Inmates suppressed Bartholomew Fair was forbidden, and Michaelmas term adjourned unto Mensem Michaelis, and to be kept at Westminster: but by reason of the sickness, it was afterward held at Winchester, and the Lord majors triumphs and great feast at Guild hall was this year omitted. At this time there was a strict Proclamation against Inmates, and divers new built houses and sheds, standing noysomely, choking the streets, or other places, all which were by express order beaten down, there was also great care and provision for the banishing of Rogues and Vagabonds, Rogues banished. according to the tenor of the Statutes in that behalf. Shrieves. Sir William Rumney, Sir Thomas Middleton, Shrieves. Maior. Sir Thomas Bennet Mercer, Maior. The Lord Spencer sent Ambassador to the Duke of Wytenberge. The 8 of October, Robert Lord Spencer, was sent by his Majesty unto Frederick, Duke of Wytenberge, to invest him Knight and Companion of the most noble Order of the Garter, and returned before Christmas. The 4 of November, the Lord Cobham, the Lord Grey of Wilton, Prisoners carried from the Tower unto Winchester. were conveyed from London Tower unto Winchester, to be arraigned, and to that purpose the 19 of November, were also conveyed from the Tower to Winchester, Sir Walter Raleigh, Sir Griffin Markham Knights, George Brooke, brother to the Lord Cobham, Anthony Copley Gentleman, William Watson, Arraignment at Winchester. and William Clerk Priests, and the same day out of the Gatehouse at Westminster, went Sir Edward Parham Knight, and Brooksby Esquire of Leycestershire, they were all condemned of high treason, save only sir Edward Parham, who was acquitted by the jury. The 29 of November were executed the two Priests, and six days after was George Brook hanged, and the ninth of December, Execution. sir Griffin Markham, and the two Barons, after they had been severally brought upon the scaffold in the Castle of Winchester, and had made their confessions, and prepared themselves likewise severally to die, upon the sudden, the Kings warrant, written with his own hand, was there delivered to sir Benjamin Tichborne, high Sheriff of Hamshire, commanding him to stay execution: these three, and sir Walter Raleigh, were returned prisoners to the Tower, the 15 of December. From the 23 of December, 1602, The great Plague in London. The whole land visited with sickness except London. unto the 22 of December, 1603, there died of all diseases, within London and the Liberties, thirty eight thousand, two hundred, and forty four, whereof, the plague, thirty thousand, five hundred, seventy eight: and the next year following, London was clear of that infection, and then were all the shires in England grievously visited: note the work of God. The 29 of February died the most renowned and reverend Father in God, D. Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury deceased. Archbishop of Canterbury, he was a holy & merciful man. The 5 of March, was Proclamation made, Proclamation. for the authorizing the Book of Common prayer. The thirteenth of March, Creation of Earls. the Lord Henry Howard, was created Baron of Marnehill, and Earl of Northhampton, and Thomas, Lord Buckhurst, was created Earl of Dorset. This year, sir William Rumney, & sir Thomas Middleton, shrives' of London, through their great pain and diligence, cleansed the City of Rogues and lewd people, which at that time swarmed exceedingly. The King, Queen, & Prince, with all the Nobility, ride in state through London. The 15 of March, the King, Queen and Prince, with the Lords spiritual and temporal, the Gentry and all Officers, aswell of honour and arms, as otherwise, passed most triumphantly from the Tower, through the high streets of his highness Royal Chamber of London, to Westminster, and all the way he went, even from his first entrance into the City, until he came to Temple bar, his Majesty was received and attended by the Lord Maior, in a rob of crimson Velvet, bearing a golden Sceptre in his hand, and the grave Citizens of every Company in their Liveries, standing in their stalls with great state, having their banners and bannerets displayed on the one side of the streets, and the other side very strongly railed, to give free passage, and keep back the violent pressing of the multitudes of people, which at that time exceeded, as well in houses, as otherwise, The second Pegeant was set up at the charges of the Italians, & the third at the charges of the Netherlanders. and at this time, the former gates of Pageants, being seven in number, were all most sumptuously beautified and adorned with solemn orations, melodious harmony, and divers ingenious devices: the first Pageant stood in Fan-church street, the second in Gracious street, the third in Cornhill, the fourth at the East end of Cheap side, and at the East side of the high Cross in Cheap, was erected a low Gallery, wherein stood the Aldermen, the Chamberlain, the Town Clerk, with the Counsel of the City, where Sir Henry Mountegue, Recorder of London, after his Oration in the behalf of the Lord Maior, and the whole body of the City, presented three Cups of gold; one for the King, the second for the Queen, and the third for the Prince. The fifth Pageant stood at the West end of Cheap, the sixth in Fleetstreet, and the seventh at Temple Bar: at this time, all the chief Conduits ran Claret wine: there was an other Pageant erected in the Strand, at the charges of the inhabitants thereabouts. The 19 of March began the Parliament at Westminster, A Parliament. and continued until the 7 of july, and was there prorogued until the 7 of February next after. Sir Edward Denny was made Baron of Waltham by writ, Sir Edw. Denny, Baron of Waltham. and sat in his Robes in the Parliament house, the day wherein the Parliament was adjourned. Sir Thomas Smith, 1604. An. reg. 2. Ambassador to Russia. late Alderman of London, is sent Ambassador unto Borris Pheodorwich, Emperor of Russia. This year, The King granteth a Corporation unto the Feltmakers of London. his Majesty by his Letters Patents, incorporated the Feltmakers of London by the name of Master, Wardens, and Communality of the Art or Mystery of Feltmakers of London, granting unto them thereby divers privileges and liberties for the good government of the same corporation: this was the first Company that the King incorporated, and was obtained by the humble and earnest suit of Richard Banister, john Sands, Hugh Philips, Robert Browne, & others, Feltmakers of London. Peace with Spain proclaimed. The 5 of August, arrived Don john de Velasco, Constable of Castille, being sent from Philip the third King of Spain, to take the oath of the King of England, for ratification of the Articles of Peace, then agreed upon by certain English Lords, authorized by the King, and by former Commissioners, sent the last year from Spain and the Archduke, which said Don john, with all the Commissioners, upon Sunday, the 19 of August, were most royally entertained and feasted at Whitehall, and the same forenoon, the King in his own Chapel, was sworn unto the foresaid Articles, Ostend besieged 3 years & 3 months. and in the afternoon the Peace was proclaimed with Spain and the Archduke, at the Court, and in London. And this month, the Archduke won the strong Town of Ostend in Flanders, after it had been besieged with all extremity, 3 years, and 3 months. The Lord Robert Cecil created Viscount Cramborn. The 20 of August, the Lord Robert Cecil, Baron of Essenden, was created Viscount Cranborne. The Customs of merchandise let to farm. In October, the Customs of Merchandise were raised both inward and outward, and were then let to farm. K. james proclaimed King of Great Britain. The 24 of October, with great state, by a King at Arms, and Heralds, and two Sergeants at Arms, assisted by the L. Maior and Aldermen, K. james was proclaimed in London, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, defender of the faith, etc. Sir Thomas Hayes Knight. Shrieves. Sir Roger jones Knight. Sir Thomas Low Knight, Haberdasher. Maior. The 10 of December, D. Bancroft archbishop of Canterbury. the most reverend Father in GOD, Richard Bancroft, Doctor of Divinity, late Lord Bishop of London, was translated to the Archbishopric of Canterbury. The 24 of December Richard Vaughan, D. Vaughan, Bishop of London. Doctor of Divinity, late L. Bishop of Westchester, was by his Deputy, installed Bishop of London in Paul's Church. The 4 of january, at Whitehall, Sir Philip Harbert married. sir Philip Harbert, brother to the Earl of Pembroke, married the Lady Susan Vere, youngest daughter to the Earl of Oxford; the King himself gave her in marriage. The 6 of january in the afternoon, Charles D. of Albany, second son to K. james, Robert, Knights of the Bath. L. Willoughby, the L. Chandois, William, L. Compton, the Lord Norris, William Cecil, son and heir to the L. Viscount Cranborne, Allaine Percy, brother to the Earl of Northumberland, Thomas Somerset, second son to the Earl of Worcester, Francis Manners, brother to Roger, Earl of Rutland, Ftancis Clifford, brother to the Earl of Cumberland, Thomas Howard, second son to the Earl of Suffolk, and john Harington, Son and Heir to the Lord Harington. All these were made Knights of the Bath, and two days after that, they performed all appropriate Rites and Ceremonies. And the same time the forenamed Duke Charles, was also created Duke of York, The Duke of York created. being not full four years of age, the Earls of Oxford and Essex were his esquires. Lions whelped in the Tower. The twenty sixth of February was a Lion whelped in the Tower, which whelp was taken from the Dam, and brought up by hand, as the King had commanded, by reason that the same Lioness, in August last, had whelped a Lion, and spoiled it, by carrying it in her mouth up and down the den, to hide it: this young Lion lived but sixteen days: after this, the King caused a convenient place to be made, near to the lions Den for the Lioness to breed in: and the same Lioness afterward, brought forth two Lions at one litter, and they lived, and became as lusty as any other in the Tower: these four were the first that over were whelped in the Tower. All Jesuits & Seminaries banished by Proclamation. The 22 of February 1604, Proclamation was made against all Jesuits and Seminaries, and that they should forthwith depart out of the kingdom. A Proclamation for establishing the Episcopal authority, & the book of common prayer. The 5 of March, Proclamation was made for confirmation of the Ecclesiastical government of the Church of England, and the Book of Common prayer, as it hath been used in the time of Queen Elizabeth, etc. The 28 of March 1605, the Earl of Nottingham, Lord high Admiral of England, embarked for Spain, to take the King's oath, for confirmation of the Articles of Peace, lately agreed upon, & returned the ninetéenth of june: An. reg. 3. 1605. The Lord Admiral sent to the King of Spain, to take his oath. he left sir Charles Cornwallis Ambassador Lieger in Spain. The 19 of April, Edward, Earl of Hertford, was likewise sent Commissioner into Flanders, to the Archduke and Duchess, to take their oaths for confirmation of the said Peace, and returned the 20 of May. The Earl of Hertford goeth to take the oath of the Archduke. A charitable deed. At this time Ro. Dove of London, Marchant-taylor, gave competent maintenance for ever, for the tolling of a Bell in Saints Sepulchres Church, to cause good people to pray for such prisoners as are to be executed out of Newgate, and to cease when they are executed: this Bell doth begin to toll at six of the clock in the morning, & the same is made known unto the prisoners, that the said Bell is to put them in mind to prepare themselves for death, etc. The 29 of March was borne Philip, The Prince of Spain borne. Prince of Spain, son to Philip, the 3 of that name. At Gréenwich the 8 of April, was borne the Lady Mary, The Lady Mary borne. Daughter to our Sovereign Lord the King, between 11 and 12 a clock at night. The twenty one of February last died Clement the eight, Pope of Rome, 3 Popes in six weeks. after he had reigned full thirteen years, after him succeeded Leo the eleventh, who died within fourteen days after his installment, and after him came Paul the fifth. Knights of the Garter elected. The Feast of Saint George was kept at Greenwich, where the King elected the Duke Vlricke, brother to our most gracious Queen Anne, and Henry, Earl of Northhampton, knights of the Garter. At Greenwich the fourth of May, the King made Earls and Barons, Creation of Earls & Barons. viz. Sir Robert Cecil, Viscount Cranborne, Baron of Essenden-was created Earl of Salisbury, Thomas Cecil, Lord Burghley, elder brother to sir Robert Cecil, was created Earl of Excester, Sir Philip Harbert, younger brother to the Earl of Pembroke, was created Baron of Shurland, and Earl of Montgomery, Rober, Sidney, Baron of Penhurst, was created Viscount Lisie, Sir john Stanhope was created L. Stanhope of Harington, Sir George Carew, was created Lord Ca●ew of Clopton. M. Thomas Arondell, was created Lord Arondell of Wardour, and M. William Cavendish, was created Lord Cavendish of Hardywicke. The Lady Mary christened. The next day after, being Sunday, the Lady Mary was christened. The pretended sleeping preacher. Upon May day last, Richard Haydocke, a Physician, asked forgiveness of the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, for deluding the King, and many others, under pretence of being inspired, and to preach in his sleep by night, with which deceit he had so strongly possessed the vulgar, as it was hard to remove them, although he confessed the abuse. The 19 of May, the Queen was churched, The Qu. churched. and two days after●, the King made twelve Knights. In this month, john Lepton of Kepwicke, Master Leptons' swift journey between London & York. in the County of York Esquire, a Gentleman of an ancient Family there, and of good reputation, his majesties servant, and one of the Grooms of his most honourable Privy Chamber, performed so memorable a journey, as I may not omit to record the same to future ages, the rather for that I did hear sundry Gentlemen, who were good horsemen, and likewise many good Physicians affirm it was impossible to be done without danger of his life. He undertook to ride five several times betwixt London and York in six days, to be taken in one week, betwixt Monday morning, and Saturday following: he began his journey upon Monday, being the 20 day of May, betwixt two and three of the clock in the morning, forth of S. Martin's, near Aldersgate, within the City of London, and came into York the same day, betwixt the hours of 5 and 6 in the afternoon, where he rested that night: the next morning being Tuesday, about 3 of the clock, he took his journey forth of York, and came to his lodging in S. Martin's, aforesaid, betwixt the hours of 6 & 7 in the afternoon, where he rested that night: the next morning being wednesday, betwixt 2 and 3 of the clock, he took his journey forth of London, and came into York about seven of the clock the same day, where he rested that night: the next morning being Thursday, betwixt two and three of the clock, he took his journey forth of York, and came to London the same day, betwixt 7 and 8 of the clock, where he rested that night; the next morning being Friday, betwixt two and three of the clock, he took his journey towards York, and came thither the same day, betwixt the hours of 7 and 8 in the afternoon, so as he finished his appointed journey, (to the admiration of all men) in five days, according to his promise: and upon Monday, the 27 of this month, he went from York, and came to the Court at Gréenwich upon Tuesday, the 28, to his Majesty, in as fresh and cheerful manner, as when he first began. Duke Vlrich returneth to Denmark. The first of june, Prince Vlricke, Duke of Holstaine, etc. embarked for Denmark. The King maketh special provision for the breeding of Lions in the Tower. About this time the King caused a convenient place to be made on the back part of the lions Den, for the Lions to breed in, which took good effect: read my large Book, concerning the Trial and Conclusions with the Lions, touching their Instinct of Nature, in not fearing the Cock, nor greedy devouring the Lamb, as also the undaunted Courage of the English Mastiffs, against the fiercest Lion in the Tower. The 15 of june Thomas Douglas was committed to the Tower, who arrived in England but three days before, being then sent prisoner by the County Palatine of the Rhine, Thomas Douglas sent prisoner out of Germany, and after that condemned & executed for his treason. the 26 of june the said Thomas Douglas was brought to the Session's house at Newgate, and there condemned of high treason, viz. for counterfeiting the King's Privy signet, and for counterfeiting the King's hand unto Letters of his own devising unto divers Princes of Germany, etc. and the next day after his trial he was drawn, hanged, and quartered in Smithfield. The second of july 1605 seventeen Scottish Ministers contrary to the King's former express commandment held a solemn assembly at Aberdine in Scotland, An unlawful assembly of Ministers. who being convented for the same before the Council of Scotland, utterly denied not only their Lordship's authority in that behalf, but the kings also, saying, that in matters Ecclesiastical, they neither owe nor aught to knowledge themselves in any subjection, either to the King, or to any temporal Counsel, and that all spiritual differences should be tried and determined by the Church, as competent judges, etc. justifying their voluntary meeting to be good and warrantable by the word of God, alleging the several assemblies of the Apostles without knowledge or consent of any temporal estate, etc. for which riot, and for denying the King's supremacy in causes Ecclesiastical, six of the chief of them, the tenth of january following at Blackenéese were arraigned and condemned of high treason. The fifth of july arrived at London, Prince George Lodowick Langrave, of Lutenburgh, etc. A special Ambassador from the Emperor of Almain. being sent Ambassador from Rodolphus the second of that name, Emperor of the Romans, unto the King's Majesty, to congratulate his peaceful enjoying this Kingdom, and the rest of his lawful inheritance, and for continuance of ancient amity with the King of Great Britain, and the emperors imperial dignity: this Ambassador was accompanied with three Earls, and 24 Knights and Gentlemen, he had a guard of muskets, and an hundred other common persons, and returned the 22 of july. A proclamation against Pirates and peace-breakers. The 8 of july proclamation was made against Pirates, and other English Mariners and Soldiers, who under pretence of serving the States, robbed divers Englishmen and other Nations, who made complaint thereof unto his Majesty: This is the third Proclamation against Pirates. Sheriff jones died and a new sheriff chosen in his place. The 24 of july died shireiffe jones, and two days after Oliver Style Grocer was chosen sheriff for the remainder of that year, but the said Oliver Style was not chosen Alderman, but remained as a Commoner, because he had paid a fine before, to acquit himself thereof, and as he supposed of all other public offices, wherein he deceived himself. The first of August, died Sir Edmond Anderson Lord Chief justice of the 〈◊〉 Pleas, a man very famous for Law, The Lord Anderson deceased. Equity and Conscience, he sat judge of that High Court three and twenty years, he abhorred bribery, he was utterly against all Monopolies, and Polipragmaes in concealments: after him succeeded Sir Francis gaudy, a most just judge, and a great Lawyer, he died the 15 of December next following. The 11 of August the King made Proclamation to redress the misimployment of lands and goods, A proclamation for continuance of things given to charitable uses. and other things given to charitable uses. William Caluerley of Caluerley in Yorkshire Esquire, murdered two of his own children in his own house, A cruel homicide. than stabbed his wife into the body with full intent to have killed her, and then instantly with like fury went from his house to have slain his youngest Child at nurse, but was prevented: he was priest to death in York the 5 of August. The 27 of August the King, The king's progress to Oxford Queen & Prince with many of the Nobility being accompanied with the Ambassadors of Spain and the Archduke, were very royally received into Oxford, where the King heard sundry disputations, and himself made an Oration in Latin in presence of the whole assembly, and for three days space they were most sumptuously feasted by the Earl of Dorset, Lord Treasurer of England and Chancellor of that University, who also gave free entertainment unto all comers from morning until night during the King's abode in Oxford. The Woodmongers and Carmen of London made a corporation. The 29 of August 1605. the King by his Letters Patents did incorporate the Woodmongers and Carmen of London, and the Suburbs to be a Body Corporate and Politic for ever, by the name of Master Wardens and Fellowship of Woodmongers, Thomas Hunt, and Mark Snelling and Cuthbert Coleman were the first Master and Wardens thereof. A special Ambassador from the King of Denmark. The last of August arrived at London Henricus Remelyus' Principal Secretary of Estrate unto Christianus the 4 King of Denmark, to be installed Knight of the Garter in his King's right, to whom the order of the Garter was sent two years before, he returned the 28 of September. The Archbishop of Canterbury sworn a privy Counsellor. The 29 of September the L. Archbishop of Canterbury was sworn a Privy Counsellor of Estate at Hampton Court. About the 20 of September sir Thomas Smith returned out of Russia, being sent thither Ambassador the last year unto the Emperor Boris Pheodorowich Godonova, Sir Tho. Smith returneth from Moscow. Demetrius came out of Poland and was brought up there. at whose arrival there he found the country in uproar, and the Emperor in open wars against Demetrius, who claimed the crown, than entered his territories with an army of Polonians, and seconded by certain discontented Russians, all which notwithstanding the Emperor used and entreated him very respectively, and became so gracious with him as the Emperor granted all that he desired, and being returned from Moscow to Vollogda to embark for England, he understood that the said Boris Pheodor had poisoned himself, and that his son Pheodor Borossowich succeeded him, who upon knowledge that the English Ambassador was not yet departed, dealt as kindly with him as his father had done, as well in accepting his letters, as promising to confirm whatsoever his father granted, but this young Emperor died within eight weeks after his coronation: and the forenamed Demetrius the supposed son to the ancient evan Vaselowich obtained the crown, which said Demetrius after his counsel had duly informed him of the serious purposed and discreet carriage of the English Ambassador from the King of England, and that he remained yet in Russia, with all speed sent Gavarillo Salmanove a great Courtier unto his Lordship, with commission to give him a honourable dispatch, and to signify his majesties most earnest desire to be in love and amity with King james of England, above all the Kings in the world. Thomas Percy, Robert Catesby, The practice of the blowing up of the Parliament house. Thomas Winter and others in the last year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, by the instigation of certain jesuits, practised with the king of Spain, to send a well furnished Army upon England, promising him great aid to entertain them at their arrival at Milford Haven, & to that purpose the King promised to send them fifty thousand pound for levying of horse and ●oot, and preparation of Munition in England to second them: but whilst this was in a manner concluded, Queen Elizabeth died, and the King of Spain upon certain knowledge that King james was established, dispatched his Ambassadors and Commissioners for England, for confirmation of a lasting Peace between them, yet nevertheless the said Robert Catesby sent Thomas Winter again to the King of Spain to resolicite their former project, but the King answered him, your old Queen is dead with whom I had wars, and you have a new King with whom I have ever been in good peace and amity, and for continuance thereof I have sent my special Commissioners, and until I see what will become thereof, I will not hearken unto any other course whatsoever. When Winter returned, and made this known unto Catesby, Percy and the rest, than they began to cast about what they might do of themselves to advance the Roman Catholic Religion, but first they would see the event of the first Parliament, if that would mitigate any former Laws, and try what good the Conclusion of Peace with Spain would do unto them before they attempted any further: but when they perceived that neither Parliament, nor public Peace sorted in any part to their desire, and that the Peace concluded was rather a more ready means for the Law to proceed against them then otherwise, because the Peace concerned only the Amity of Christian Princes for the general good of Christendom, without any particular or private respect: then Catesby told the rest, he had a device in his head that should free them, and the rest of the English Catholics from their oppressions, and when he had found out fit Ministers for execution of his device, after they had taken oath and Sacrament for secrecy, he told them he had devised the mean to undermine and blow up the Parliament house, at the instant when the King, Queen, Prince, Peers, and Commons were all assembled, which project they presently embraced, and forthwith Percy hired certain lodgings close to the Parliament house: and then they appointed Miners, who with great difficulty digged and undermined a part of the wall, but after a while they understood that the Vault right under the Parliament house was to be let to hire, then Guydo Fawkes went and hired it: this Fawkes was of late a Soldier in Flanders, and for this purpose was sent for, who by consent of the rest changed his name, and was called john johnson Master Pearcies' man: after they had hired the Vant, they secretly conveyed into it thirty and six barrels of powder, and covered them all over with Billets and Faggots. The discovery of the gunpowder treason. About ten days before the Parliament should begin, an unknown party in the Evening met a servant of the Lord Mounteagles' in the street, and delivered him a letter, ●h●●●ing him speedily to give it unto the Lord, which he did: when his Lord had read it, and obseru●● the dangerous contents, with a special ca●●●●, not to appear the first day of Parliament, 〈◊〉 was amazed, and forthwith delivered it to the Earl of Salisbury the King's principal Secretary, a chief Counsellor of Estate: when th● Earl had indiciously observed the stran●●● Phrase and Tenor thereof, with the terrible threats therein against the whole State, he acquainted the Lord Chamberlain therewith, & then they conjoined unto them the Lord Admiral, the Earls of Worcester and Northampton, who instantly consulted what was fittest to be done, omitting neither time diligence nor industry, all which notwithstanding, they could not as yet find out the depth of this mystery, and were therefore much troubled in mind, because the appointed day of Parliament draw near, which was Tuesday the fifth of November: upon the Saturday before, the King being returned from hunting, the said Lords acquainted his Highness with what had passed, and when his Majesty had well noted the strange contents of the letter, which purported the sudden ruin of the State, the King said notwithstanding, the sleight regard which might be given to scattered Libels, yet this was more quick and pithy then was usual in libels, and willed them to search in all places, as well not daily frequented, as of usual repair; and concerning any foreign disturbance or invasion, he well knew the present force and preparation of all Christian Princes, and that whatsoever practice of treason was now in hand, it must be performed in some unsuspected place, and by some homebred traitors: thereupon new search was made in all places about the Court and the Parliament house, but could not as yet find any thing worthy their labours: all which searches were performed with such silence and discretion, as there ●ose no manner of suspicion either in Court or City, the Lord Chamberlain whose office it most concerned, never rested day nor night, and the night before the Parliament, as Sir Thomas Knevet with others scowted about the Parliament house, espied a fellow standing in a corner very suspiciously, and asked him his name, what he was, and what he did there so late, who answered very bluntly his name was john johnson Master Pearcies' man, and keeper of his ledgings. Sir Thomas Knevet continued still his search in all places thereabouts, and returning thither again, found him linger there still, searched him, and found under his cloak a close Lantern, and a burning Candle in it: and about him other signs of suspicion, that he stood not there for any good: then the Knight entered the Vault, where they found the powder covered with billets and faggots as aforesaid, and then the Lord Chamberlain caused the Traitor to ●e bound, and being now about three a clock in the morning he went unto the King, and with exceeding gladness told his Majesty the treason was discovered and prevented, and the traitor in hold, the King desired to see Fawkes, who when he came before the King used like traitorous and audacious speeches as he did at his first apprehension, affirming himself was the only man to perform this treason, saying, it sore vexed him that the deed was not done, and for that time would not confess any thing touching the rest of the Conspirators, but that himself only and alone was the contriver and practiser of this treason. Between five and six a clock in the morning the Council gave order to the Lord Mayor of London to look to the City, & in very calm manner to set civil watch at the city gates, signifying therewithal that there was a plot of treason discovered, and that the King would not go to Parliament that day: and the same day in the afternoon, the manner of the treason was by Proclamation made known unto the people, for joy whereof, there was that night as many bonfires in and about London as the streets could permit, and the people gave humble and hearty thanks unto Almighty God for their King and Countries right blessed escape. Within 3 days after two other proclamations were made, signifying unto the people who were the chief conspirators, with commandment to apprehend Percy and Catesby, and to take them alive if it were possible, which said Percy and Catesby were gone to Holbach in Warwickshire to meet Winter, Grant, and others: where under pretence of a great hunting, they meant to raise the country, and surprise the Lady Elizabeth from the Lord Harington, whom they meant to proclaim Queen, and in whose name they meant to enter into Arms, being persuaded that the King, the Prince and Duke of York were by that time blown up in the Parliament house: but when they knew their treason was known and prevented, and saw the King's forces round about the house, so as they could not escape, Percy and Catesby very desperately issued forth, and fight back to back were both slain with one musket shot. Saturday the ninth of November the King went to Parliament, wherein the presence of the Queen, the Prince, the Duke of York, the Ambassadors of the King of Spain, and the Archduke, and all the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons of the same, he made a very solemn oration, manifesting the whole complot of this Treason. Sir Clement Scudamour Knight, Shrieves. and Master john jolles Shrieves. Sir Leonard Halliday Merchantaylor Maior. Maior. At this time the solemn triumphs & pleasant trophies in honour of the Lord Maior, The Lord Maior. triumphés and the City of London were held two several days, viz. the day of his oath, and all Hollonday, but there was none in three years after by reason of continual sickness. The Lord Knowles married. The 19 of january the Lord William Knowles Baron of Gray married Elizabeth Howard eldest daughter unto the said Thomas Earl of Suffolk. A present from the King of Spain. The 4 of january the Spanish Ambassador delivered a Present from King Philip his master unto King james, viz. six jenets of Andalusia, with rich saddles and saddlo clothes, and all other things suitable. Sir Georg Carew Ambassador in France. Sir George Carew is sent Ambassador Lieger into France. The 19 of january a great Porpos was taken alive at Westham, in a little creek, a mile and a half within the land, A great Whale came up as high as Wolwich. and was presented unto Francis Goston Esquire, chief Auditor of the Imprests, and within a few days after, a very great Whale came within eight miles of London whose length was divers times seen above the water, and the same was judged to be a great deal longer than the longest ship in the River. Three entire Subsidies, and six fifteen given by the temporalty, and four Subsidies given by the Clergy. A few days before Christmas the Parliament broke up, and began to sit again the 22 of january being Tuesday, and continued until the 27 of May next following, in which Parliament they gave the King and his successors three entire Subsidies, and six fifteens, and then the Parliament was prorogued until the 18 of November: at this time the Clergy gave unto the King and his Successors four entire Subsidies: And in this Parliament it was enacted that the 5 of November for ever should be kept holy day, The 5 of November ordained holy day. with preaching and thanksgiving unto Almighty God for his mercy, in preventing the terrible danger of the late practice by Percy, Catesby and the rest, to blow up the Parliament house. The 27 of january at Westminster were arraigned Thomas Winter, Guydo Fawkes, Arraignment of Traitors at Westminster. Robert Keyes and Thomas Bates for plotting to blow up the Parliament house, digging in the mine, taking oath & Sacrament for secrecy, etc. and Robert Winter, john Grant, Ambrose Rookewood, for being acquainted with the treason afterward, giving their full consent thereunto, and taking oath and sacrament for secrecy, and sir Euerard Digby for being made acquainted with the said treason, yielding assent, and taking his corporal oath for secrecy: all which indictments were proved against them, and by themselves confessed, and thereupon had judgement given them to be drawn, hanged and quartered, their limbs to be set upon the City gates, and their heads upon the Bridge: according to which sentence the thirtieth of january, Sir Euerard Digby, Robert Winter, Execution in London and Westminster. john Grant & Bates were executed at the west end of Saint Paul's Church, and the next day after the other four were executed in the Parliament yard, 6 of the 8. acknowledged their guiltiness in this horrible treason, and died very penitently, but Grant and Keys did not so. Saturday the 22 of March between six and seven a clock in the forenoon, A terrible rumour that the King was slain. a rumour was suddenly spread throughout the Court, and the City of London, that for certain the King that morning was slain as he was hunting in Okeeing Park, 20 miles from London, which dreadful news still increased until nine a clock, being seconded by infinite suggestions, by reason whereof it was generally received for truth, and thereupon the Court gates were kept shut, the Lord Maior began to set guard at the City gates, and to raise their trained soldiers: Sir William Wade Lieutenant of the Tower did the like with his hamlets within his Liberties, and the Parliament was greatly amazed: but by 11 a clock the joyful news of the Kings good health was made known in London by proclamation, as it had been an hour before at the Court gate, whereat the people began to revive their vexed spirits, which until then were wondrously surcharged with heart's grief, yea men and women, old matrons, and young virgins made exceeding great lamentation: this flying terror went three days journey into the country before it was fully suppressed. An. reg. 4. Henry Garret arraigned. 1606 Friday the 28 of March 1606 in the guildhall in London was arraigned and condemned Henry Garnet Provincial of the Jesuits in England, for being acquainted with the Gunpowder plot, and concealing the same, for the which he was adjudged to be drawn, hanged & quartered, and his head to be set upon London bridge, and according to that sentence he was executed the third of May at the west end of S. Paul's Church, Garnet executed. where he acknowledged the greatness of his offence in concealing the treason, and besought all Catholics to forbear and desist from treason, & all other violent attempts whatsoever against Kings and Princes, saying that all such practices were utterly against the Catholic Religion. The twenty nine, Great winds and floods and shipwreck. and thirtieth of March the wind was extreme violent, so as it caused much shipwreck upon the coasts of England, France & the Low countries, it brought in the sea and drowned much cattle, and in Picardy near Dyope, it blew down a steeple which slew fourscore persons in the fall thereof, in Flanders and up towards Germany, there were many Churches, Towns, Windmills, and trees blown down, and the 8 of june following it reigned 24 hours, and the next day there ●ose strange land-waters which carried away mills, trees and houses, made new currants where never any was seen before, it broke down the heads of pools and trenches, and carried quite away great quantities of cattle, timber and other things from off up land grounds. The 24 of April arrived Don john de Mendoza, Marquis of Saint German, A special Ambassador from Spain. from the King of Spain unto the King of Great Britain, to congratulate his happy deliverance from the late pretended treason, and to deliver certain presents from Queen Margaret of Spain, unto Queen Anne of Great Britain, viz. a rob of morrey satin, Presents from the Queen of Spain unto the Queen of Great Britain. embroidered all over with amber leather, & in many places with gold, upon the fore part thereof was forty eight tags of beaten gold, three inches long, hollow within, and filled with ambeergris very curiously wrought, and two large chains of amber grease, two Karkanets of Amber grease, a velvet cap with gold buttons, pleasantly enameled like the tags, every of these were severally enclosed in an oval box of gold, & were presented all together in a vessel of gold like unto a Basin. Knights of the Garter made. Tuesday the 20 of May at Windsor were installed Knights of the Garter Robert Earl of Salisbury, and the Lord Thomas Howard Viscount Bindon. Lords brought from the Tower & censured in the Star chamber. The third of june, Henry Lord Mordant, and Edward Lord Sturton were convicted in the high Court of star-chamber of divers misprisions and contempts, and for the same the Lord Mordant was censured to pay ten thousand marks, the Lord Sturton six thousand marks, and imprisonment during his majesties good pleasure. A proclamation against all jesuits & Seminaries. The tenth of june proclamation was made for the banishing of all jesuits, Seminaries and Roman priests. The Lady Sophia daughter to our Sovereign Lord the King was borne at Greenwich upon Sunday the 22 of june, at three a clock in the morning, The Lady Sophia borne. and died the next day, and upon Thursday next after was very solemnly conveyed by barge, covered with black velvet, accompanied with three other barges covered with black cloth, unto the Chapel royal in Westminster, and was there interred by Doctor Barlow Lord Bishop of Rochester, where were present all the great Lords of the Council with the Heralds and chief officers of the Court. The 27 of june Henry Earl of Northumberland was brought from the Tower unto the star-chamber, The Earl of Northumberland convicted in the Star chamber. and there convicted of divers misprisions, contempts and offences, and for the same was adjudged to pay thirty thousand pound and to be removed from the place of a Privy Counsellor, and from being Captains of his majesties Pensioners, and from all other offices which he held of his majesties grace and favour, and to remain prisoner during life. At this time returned signor Nichola Molyno of honourable family, having been here three years Ambassador Lieger for the Signory of Venice, Ambassador from Venice. whom the King honoured with Knighthood, and in his stead came the honourable signor Georguo justiniano from the Duke and State of Venice, of which most famous and flourishing city, I have here very briefly set down the first foundation and State thereof as followeth. Bleda and Attilla Brethren Kings of the Huns, after they had made great excursions and spoils upon Illyria and Thrace, as far as Thermopyle, Attilla desirous to be sole Sovereign slew his brother Bleda, The Original and State of Venice. than he subdued most nations Eastward, and after that with five hundred thousand men he invaded the Roman Empire, viz. the Romans and Visygotes, who encountered him with divers Armies, he passed violently through Italy, and forced the people to fly from City to City and other places, of which sort some went and possessed certain very small Islands in the sea, which then were not well known by any name: but were afterward called Venice as you may read: he also invaded France, and besieged Orleans in the year of the world, 4414. and after Christ, 452 and gave battle unto Detyus Aefius the Vice Emperor, and Theodoric King of Vys●gotes: the fight continued one whole day, wherein was performed all martial prows, and two hundred thousand slain on both sides, yea, such was the effusion of blood, that very many dead bodies floated up and down, as it had been a brook of blood: in this fight Attilla had the worst, yet nevertheless, he reencouraged himself, and furiously assailed Italy, and had utterly spoiled it, if the Pope had not humbled himself before him, than he returned into his own Country of Hungary: The Emperor Valentinian the third, being in a manner constrained, gave him his sister in marriage, after that he married an other, at which Nuptial he became so drunk, that he died thereof: the City of Venice being at first but a small thing was governed by Consuls, who resisted Pelagius, Nestorius and Pharamont the first King of France, than it increased and was governed by Tribunes. And in the year, 582. Pope Pelagius the second, in a Council of twenty Bishops by means of the Archbishop of Aquilea, it was agreed that Grado should be the Metropolis of Venice and Istria, by reason that Grado was then more Noble and populous than Venice, & so continued until the year, 654. Afterward Mallo Mocco and Palestina by means of a great assembly of people from Padua and Mount Telice, which came in company of the Bishop of Padua, Venice was greatly increased: this was done when Padua had been destroyed by the Lombard's, the third and fourth time, in the year 593. And in the year 654 unto the foresaid ten Tribunes, were added two more to rule in Hyraclia, which Hyraclia took his name of Hyraclius the Christian Emperor: the said Hyraclia in the year 603 was re-edified and enlarged by Bishop Magno, but Rotaryo King of Lombard's still exercising his cruelty, destroyed Oderzo and other places, as also there was civil wars a long time in most parts of Italy, so as many ancient Noble habitations being ruinated, These Islands until then were not known by any name. the distressed persons for their convenient safety resorted and inhabited these foresaid small plots or Islands, lying in the sea, the chief whereof was then call Ryvo Alto, and is now called the Rialto, which they found to lie commodious for traffic and Navigation: then they increased so fast in people and building that these petty plots or Islands became well inhabited, and therein with great Christian piety erected eight fair goodly Churches with many stately palaces, so as the City was grown very great, and these last twelve Magistrates of Tribunes continued until the year 697. and was then by the forenamed Hyraclius & Pope Sergius the first, in the general Council of Aquilea: those foresaid Islands, were called Venice, and by virtue of the same Council it was ordained that they should choose themselves a Duke out of their City successively for ever: and for conclusion of peace after long dissension between Grado and Venice, the Pope was content that the patriarchy of Grado should be transferred unto Venice, since which time, he hath there held his Cathedra, and the Venetians have been governed by Dukes, assisted by Senators, Paulus Lucius was the first Duke, and have so continued Dukes by election until this present year 1606. with great honour and prosperity, over whom Leonardo Donato now reigneth, there have been ninety & one Dukes, since the forenamed Council. Sir Edw. Cook Lord chief justice of the common pleas. At this time the King made Sir Edward Cook Lord chief justice of the common Pleas, after he had been fourteen years his majesties Solicitor and Attorney general. A Tomb for Queen Elizabeth. This year at the appointment and charges of the King the stately Tomb for Queen Elizabeth was fully finished, and set up in a little Chapel on the North side of the high Altar in the Chapel Royal at Westminster and her Image or Status placed amongst the Pictures of other Kings and Queens in an upper room on the North side of the high Altar in the Abbey Church at Westminster, which said, Images of former Princes were wont to stand in a dark lost or Chapel behind the high Altar, and were removed thence into a more lightsome place by Doctor Neile, Deane of Westminster, which said Deane repaired the Tomb of Anne of Cleave, gave a rich Altar Cloth unto the Church, and reform the impeachments of light in the Choir thereof. A monstrous mother. The 15 of july the wife of Richard Homwood of East Grimsted in Sussex without any known cause murdered her own three children, and threw them into a pit, and then cut her own throat likewise. Thursday the 17 of july, The King of Denmark arriveth in England. Christianus King of Denmark with eight ships cast anchor before Gravesend, and the next day King james with Prince Henry and divers Nobles went thither to him, and dined a shipboard, and after dinner both Kings came to Greenwich, where Christianus and all his train were royally entertained. The 24 of july these King's road progress together, and for four days space they and their train were worthily feasted by the Earl of Salisbury at Theobalds': and upon Thursday the last of july, both Kings with all magnificence road through London, against which time, and upon very short warning the Citizens had made divers Trophies, viz. a Bower of the Muses at the East end of Cheapside; a brave stately Pageant with delicate music, eloquent Orations, and variable pleasant devices, at the West end of Cheapside, upon the South side whereof sat the Lord Maior, and Aldermen in Scarlet Robes, where Sir Henry Mountegue Recorder of London, after his solemn Oration in Latin, presented the King of Denmark with a fair Cup of gold: and upon the Fountain in Fleetstreet was a pleasant pastoral devise with music and pleasing songs: and for their more State and easy passage, the Streets were railed in, on the one side, and the Companies sat in their Liveries on the other side in as great bravery as is used at a Coronation: And that night the Kings were lodged at Whitehall: the next day the King of Denmark after he had seen and noted the rare Architecture and stately monuments in the Chapel royal at Westminster: he surveyed Paul's Church, and on the top of the steeple thereof, he caused the Keeper of the steeple to take the just length and breadth of his foot in the lead: from thence the King went to the Royal Exchange, and to the Tower, where Sir William Wade banqueted him and all his attendants; Sir William Wade. and within few days after that, the Earl of Rutland feasted all the King of Denmark's Privy Counsellors, having made his provision to have feasted the King also. Sunday the 10 of August the King of Denmark with his Counsel and chief Gentlemen were royally feasted by the King of Great Britain in the Elizabeth jonas at Chatham, The King of Denmark returneth. and the next day Christianus feasted King james Queen Anne, Prince Henry, and others of the Nobility in his own ship, and about four a clock in the afternoon, all princely compliments being performed, they took their leave one of another: and the Thursday following the King of Denmark with all his ships and train, having a fair wind set sail of Denmark. The King whilst he was in England heard two sermons in Latin, and dealt bountifully and royally with all men. The 24 of September the French King baptised his Son the Prince Dolphin, Prince Dolphin of France christened. being then full five years of age. This year divers churches in London were well repaired, and somewhat beautified, Churches repaired. namely, Christ-church, Trinity Church, Saint Bride's church, and Bow-church with others: The city also very carefully cleansed their ditches and common showers, and made flood gates in Holborn ditch, and Fleet ditch: and beyond all expectation they turned Moorefield into divers pleasant and princely walks, and planted it round on all sides and quarters with good store of young trees, and railed it round in like manner to preserve the walks, Morefield otherwise called the new walks and keep the trees from violence, and defended the outsides thereof with a new strong brick wall: there was also made divers faults under ground, some to convey away fowl water without offence, and one to bring fresh water into the town ditch to keep it sweet. This field was ever until this present a rude noisome place like a Lay-stall, half environed with stinking ditches, very offensive to the City and all passengers: Sir Leonard Hallyday Lord Maior was very forward and careful to the furtherance of this work, and for contriving to bring a river to the North part of London to serve the City, and to cleanse their ditches and sewers; and what he could not perform in his Maiorality, his Successor Sir john Wats did his full endeavour to accomplish: and Master Nicholas Leate a grave wise, and wealthy Citizen was wondrous painful and industrious in the furtherance of this work, A truce between the Emperor of Germany and the great Turk. and of the rest thereunto adjoining: also there were many thousands of worthy citizens wondrous earnest to express their bounty towards the bringing of the foresaid river to the city, according to the Tenor of a statute lately made for them in that behalf. This year was concluded a truce for 15 years between Rodolphus the second of that name Emperor of Almain, and the Great Turk. Shrieves William Walthall, john Leman a bachelor. Mayor, Sir john Wat's knight, Clothworker Maior. The 18 of December, the Lords, Knights, and B●rgesses of the Parliament had leave to go home unto their houses, and the tenth of February they all began to sit again. The sixth of january at Whitehall with very great solemnity the Lord james Hay was married unto Honora the daughter and heir of the Lord Edward Denny. The Lord Hay married. The twentieth of january if pleased God to send a mighty west wind which continued sixteen hours, which brought in the sea, Great floods. by reason whereof, and of high spring tides, both which encountered the land waters, after a great rain; which caused the River of Severne beginning as far as the mount in Cornwall, to overflow her banks all along on both sides up into Somersetshire, and Glocestershire, in some places the Waters overflowed their Banks, three foot, in other places five foot, and some places seven foot, by means of which sudden inundation, much people and cattle were drowned, divers Churches and villages borne down and spoiled, and some utterly destroyed, & in Wales in divers places, it did most harm in manner as aforesaid, A Seminary executed Reconciliation between the Grave of Emden & his Subjects. the like whereof in England is not known to be mentioned in any Chronicle. The 26 of February Robert Drewrie a Seminary was executed at Tyburn. The 1 of March a peace and reconciliation was concluded and proclaimed between the Grave of Emden, and the City of Emden, and the Grave entered and took possession of the City, his Subjects assured him his royalties and profits, and concerning all other differences between the Grave and the Citizens it was agreed the same should be determined by the Emperor, this was done after the people had wasted their wealth, and were wearied with three years war. An. reg. 5. 1607 The King manifesteth his mind to both houses. Tuesday the last of March, the Lord Knights and Burgesses of the Parliament came before the King at Whitehall, unto whom he made a solemn speech. And from that time the houses sat not until the 20 of April following, and the 2 of May the King made an other solemn speech unto the said Lords, Knights and Burgesses concerning the union. Great floods in divers houses. Maundy thursday the 2 of April, there happened great inundations of water in Kent, Essex, Suffolk and Norfolk. And the 17 of April there arose in the City of Coventry a most strange and dreadful inundation. The 8 of May arrived Prince jenuille of the house of Lorraine, second son to Henry late Duke of Guise, which was slain in the year 1589 he was very honourably feasted and entertained by the King. Prince jenuile came into England. And the 22 of May he accompanied the King, Queen and Prince unto Theobalds', where they were royally feasted and entertained with pleasant and ingenious devices by the Earl of Salisbury, being the appointed day, in which his Majesty came to take possession thereof. Tuesday the 25 of May, the said Prince jenuille with others ran at Tilt at Whitehall, viz. The Prince jenuille. The Duke of Lenox. The Earl of Arundel. The Earl of Pembroke. The Earl of Montgomerie. The Viscount Haddington. The L. Compton. The L. Hay. Sir Henry Cary. Sir Richard Bulkley. Sir Richard Preston. Sir Henry Guntrot. And the 29 of May the said Prince returned into France. About the middle of May, Unlawful assemblies to lay open enclosures. certain common persons assembled themselves in Northamptonshire, Warwickshire, and Leicestershire: they cut and broke down hedges, filled up ditches, and laid open all such enclosures of commons and other grounds, as they found enclosed, which of ancient time had been open, and employed to tillage. And the last of May, they were straightly commanded by Proclamation to surcease their disorder, but yet they ceased not: whereupon the Sheriffs and justices had authority given them, to suppress them by force. And after that, the King sent certain Noblemen and judges to punish the wilful offenders according to law. And the 28 of june, the King made another proclamation, signifying his great unwillingness to have proceeded against them, either by marshal law, or civil justice, if lenity or gentle admonition might any way have prevailed with them, to desist from their turbulent rebellions and traitorous practice. Tuesday, the second of june, Doctor Ravis lord Bishop of London. in Paul's Church, the right reverend Father in God Thomas Ravis, Doctor of Divinity, late Bishop of Gloucester, was by his deputy Doctor King, Deane of Christ-church, installed Lord Bishop of London. He died the 14 of December, 1609. Friday the 12 of june, the King dined with the Lord Maior, The King dineth with the Lord Maior, and made free of the Cloathworkers. and after dinner went into Cloathworkers Hall, and was there made free of that company. At that time also were made free sir Patrick Murry knight, gentleman of the King's Bedchamber, sir Arthur Arston knight, sir Hugh Carmychel knight, james Meadow Doctor of Divinity, one of the King's Chaplains, and others. The 16 of july, being the great feast day at Merchantailors' hall, the Lord Maior feasted all the Aldermen that were not free of the Merchantailors, and with them these honourable Personages following, viz. Patrick Steward, Earl of Orqueney, sir john Ramsey knight, Lord Viscount Hadington, sir john Selby knight, Edward Ramsey gentlemen Sewer to the King. These were also made free of the Cloathworkers, sir William Stone being then Master of the company, Henry Walton, Thom●s Bostocke, Richard Boothe, and William Kymber Wardens. His Majesty payeth 600000. l. which was lent unto Elizabeth. Ambassadors from the States The third of july, the King's Majesty repaid threescore thousand pound unto the Citizens of London, which sum the Londoners had lent unto Queen Elizabeth the 3 of February 1598. On Saturday, being the fourth of july, arrived john Berke, chief Councillor of Dort, and james de Maldere Knight, Lord of Heyes, and had audience the sixth of july: they were honourably entertained and feasted in many places. The fourth of july, the right honourable sir Thomas Knevit knight, Sir Thomas Knevit made Baron. was called by writ to the Parliament, by the name and title of Baron of Escricke, and sat that day in his robes among the Barons, being the last day of that Parliament, holden upon prorogation, A Parliament. and so again prorogued until the 16 of November following. Sunday the 5 of july, Sir julius Caesar made a Privy Counsellor. sir julius Caesar knight, Chancellor of the Exchequer, was sworn a Privy Councillor of Estate. Thursday the 16 of july 1607 the Kings most excellent Majesty, with Prince Henry, The King & Prince feasted at Merchantailors' hall. and divers honourable Personages, dined at Merchantailors' hall, and were most joyfully entertained with great variety of melodious harmony of voices and instruments, and pleasant speeches (being the day they held their feast for the election of Master and Wardens) and after dinner Master john Swinnarton the Master, and Richard Wright, Andrew Osborne, Edward Atkinson, and William Albany the four Wardens of the Company, being accompanied with master Baron Southerton, and sir Leonard Halliday, sir William Craven, sir john Swynerton, knights, and Aldermen, and jeffrey Elwes Alderman, being all members of that Company, resorted to the Kings most excellent Majesty, who dined in their chamber called the King's Chamber, and sir Henry Montague knight, Recorder of London being there present, did in the name of the whole Company most humbly thank his Majesty, for that it had pleased him to grace it with his royal presence that day. And the Master of the Company did present his Majesty with a purse full of gold, & Richard Langley the Clerk of the Company, did deliver unto his Majesty a roll, wherein was entered the names of seven Kings, one Queen, seventeen Princes and Dukes, two duchesses, one Archbishop, thirty one Earls, five Countesses, one Viscount, twenty four Bishops, sixty six Barons or Lords, two Ladies, seven abbots, seven Priors, and one Subprior (omitting a number of Knights, Esquires &c.) who had been free of the Company, which his Majesty most graciously accepted, and said, that he himself was free of another Company, yet he would so much grace the Company of Merchantailors, that the Prince his eldest son should be free thereof, and that he would see and be a witness, when the garland should be put on his head. And then they in like manner resorted to the Prince, who dined in the great hall. And the said Master presented his Highness with another purse full of gold, Prince Henry made free of the Merchantailors. and the Clerk delivered his Highness a like roll, which were also graciously accepted, and his Highness said, that not only himself would be free of the Company of Merchantailors, but commanded one of his Gentlemen, and the Clerk of the Company to go to all the Lords present, and require all of them that loved him, and were not free of other companies, to be free of his Company: whereupon those Lords whose names ensue (with humble thanks to his highness) accepted of the freedom: viz. john Berke Lord in Godschalckcoort, etc. Strangers. Counsellor of Dort in Holland. Sir james du Maldere knight, Lord of Heyes, etc. Counsellor of Zealand. Sir Noel de Charon knight, L. of Schoonwal, etc. Ambassador Lieger from the States, etc. The Duke of Lenox. Earl of Nottingham Lord Admiral. Earl of Suffolk Lord Chamberlain. Noblemen. Earl of Arundel. Earl of Oxenford. Earl of Worcester. Earl of Pembroke. Earl of Essex absent, yet entered by order from the Prince, under his Highness own hand. Earl of Northampton. Earl of Salisbury principal Secretary to the King. Earl of Montgomery. Earl of Pearth. Lord Viscount Cranborne. Lord Euars. Lord Hunsdon. Lord Knolles. Lord hay. Lord Sanker. Lord Borley. M. Howard. Sir john Harington. Knights. M. Sheffield. Sir Thomas chaloner, Governor to the Prince. Sir Roger Ashton Master of the Wardrobe, & Gentleman of the King's Bedchamber. Sir Thomas Vavasor, Knight Martial. Sir David Fowlis. Sir David Murry. M. Doctor Montague, Deane of the Chapel. M. Adam Newton Deane of Durham, and Tutor to the Prince. Sir Thomas Savage. Sir Lewes Lewknor, M. of the Ceremonies: and many other Knights, Esquires, and Gentlemen servants to the King, Queen, and Prince, and to noblemans. The new Master & Wardens of the Merchantailers. The new Master and Wardens chosen in the presence of the King and Prince, was john johnson Master of the Company, and Thomas Owen, Richard Scales, john Woller, and Randolph Wolley Wardens. The Earl of Arundels' eldest son. The next day the King christened james, the eldest son of Thomas Earl of Arundel, borne of Alethea, youngest daughter to Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury, the Earl of Suffolk and the Lady Arbella were the other gossips. The Earl of Tyrone and other Irish lords fled out of Ireland. About the beginning of September, there fled out of Ireland into the parts beyond the Seas, Hugh Earl of Tirone, Terconnel, Hugh Baron of Don Gannon, Caffer Oge Odonnel, brother to the Earl of Terconnel, Orto Oge Oneale, Nephew to the Earl of Tyrone, the Countess of Tyrone, and two of the younger sons of Tyrone, and the son and heir of the Earl of Terconnel, being an infant of one year of age, or thereabout, with divers other their servants and followers, they embarked at Lughswillie. The seventh of September was borne Duke Charles, second son to the King of Spain. The King of Spain's second son borne. Wednesday the 16 of September died the Lady Mary, The death of the Lady Mary. daughter to our Sovereign Lord the King, and was solemnly interred at Westminster the twenty three of the same, in a vault of the same Chapel, and in the same manner as was her sister the Lady Sophia. Sir jeruais Clyfton of Layton Bromeswold Knight, was made Baron by writ, Sir jaruais Clyfton made baron The Lord Awbignye married. by the title of Baron of Layton Bromeswold, and sat in his robes with the Lords in the Parliament house, the 16 of November, being the day of the adiornment of the Parliament. And the twentieth day of july following, the Lord Esme Stewart, Lord of Awbigny in France, gentleman of his majesties Bedchamber in England, and sole brother unto Lodovicus Duke of Lenox, married Katherine in the only daughter and heir of the said Lord Clyfton. The first day of March in the second year of his majesties reign, Inmates & increase of building forbidden by proclamation. Also the preservation of timber & uniformity of building throughout London commanded by proclamation. proclamation was made, straightly prohibiting all increase of buildings within the city of London, and one mile thereof, Contemners censured in the star-chamber. and expressly commanding all persons to build all the fore front and windows of all their new buildings, either of brick or stone, but it took small effect: whereupon the 12 of October this present year 1607 Proclamation was made again to the same effect, & commanding them to build all their utter walls & windows, either 〈◊〉 brick or stone. And the 16 of October there were 2 censured in the the star Chamber, for building contrary to the tenor of his majesties firs● Proclamation. The old rotten Banqueting house of timber taken down, and a new builded of brick and stone. This year the King new builded the stately Banqueting-house, with increase of many fair lodgings at Whitehall. Provision for such Preachers as shall preach at Paul's Cross. Doctor Ailmer, late L. Bishop of London, and the right honourable Elizabeth Countess Donger of Shrewsbury, have given certain sums of money for the better maintenance of sermon hereafter at Paul's Cross, and Thomas Russell Draper, hath likewise given ten pound a year for ever, to be given unto such unbeneficed Preachers as shall preach at Paul's Cross, whereupon the Lord Maior and Court of Aldermen for the due employment of the foresaid sums, and increase of the same, have further provided for the said Preachers, so as every o● them, being unbeneficed, shall not only receive a gravity in money, but also every one that shall preach there, shall at his pleasure be freely entertained for five days space, with sweet convenient lodgings, fire, candle, and all other necessary, viz. from thursday before their appointed day of preaching, until tuesday morning following. Geffrey Elwes, Nicholas Style. Shrieves. Sir Henry Row Mercer, Maior. Maior. The 16 of November, The discovery of the Earl of Tyrons' treason. proclamation was made concerning the Earl of Tyrone, Terconnell, and others of Ireland, signifying their purpose and practise to extirp the English nation out of Ireland, and to confer and yield the kingdom of Ireland unto the Pope, and Tyrones' soliciting foreign Princes to attempt the conquest thereof. The 20 of December, proclamation was made to apprehend the Lord Maxwell, The Lord Maxwell broke out of prison. who wounded the Porter and so broke prison out of Edenbrough Castle. This Lord Maxwell aided james Macdonell to escape likewise. The 24 of December, Sir Thomas Parry sworn a Privy Counsellor of Estate. sir Thomas Parry Knight, Chancellor of the Duchy, was sworn a Privy Counsellor of Estate. The 8 of December began a hard frost, & continued until the 15 of the same, and then thawed: and the 22 of December it began again to freeze violently, A great frost. so as divers persons went half way over the Thames upon the Ice: and the 30 of December, at every ebb many people went quite over the Thames in divers places, and so continued from that day until the third of january: the people past daily between London and the Bankside at every half ebb, for the flood removed the Ice, and forced the people daily to tread new paths, except only between Lambeth and the ferry at Westminster, the which by incessant treading, became very firm and free passage, until the great thaw: and from Sunday the tenth of january, until the fifteenth of the same, the frost grew extreme, so as the Ice became firm, and removed not, & then all sorts of men, women, and children, went boldly upon the Ice in most parts; some shot at pricks, others bowled and danced, with other variable pastimes; by reason of which concourse of people, there were many that set up booths and standings upon the Ice, as Fruit sellers, Victuallers, that sold beer and wine, Shoemakers, & a Barber's tent, etc. Every of them had fire near their beings. The 15 of january it began somewhat to thaw, and so continued 4 days together: yet nevertheless the great Ice upon the Thames held firm and passable, and became somewhat smooth, like as in the last great frost in the year 1564. which till then were very craggy and uncertain. The 19 of january the frost began again, but not violently until Sunday the 24 of january, and then held on until the 30 of the same. All the Artichokes in gardens about London were killed with this frost. The 1 of February the Ice began to break by little and little, and the next day in the afternoon, all the Ice was quite dissolved and clean gone, so as no sign remained thereof: many bridges were spoiled by this frost, and much fowl perished, especially small birds which in many places were found frozen to death: this frost was more grievous in Ireland and France, then in England. The 9 of February, Viscount Hadington married. sir john Ramsey knight Baron of Barnes Viscount Hadington, married Elizabeth the eldest daughter of Robert Earl of Sussex, the King gave her in marriage, and at dinner the King drank to the bride and bridegroom in a fair cup of gold which he gave him. And with it a patent of 600 pound yearly pension out of the Exchequer to the longest liver of them both: this the King did to reward his faithful service against the dangerous treason of Earl Gowry in Scotland. The 10 of March was laid the first stone for the new building of Algate, Allgate new builded. but it was not fully finished until the end of the next year after, this old gate was taken down and new builded at the charges of the Citizens. The eleventh of April George jeruas' a Seminary, An. reg. 6. 1608 A Seminary executed. was drawn to Tyburn and there executed. The eleventh of April being Monday, S. Edmond Bury spoiled by a sudden fire. th● quarter Sessions was held at Saint Edmondsbury, and by negligence an out malt-house was set on fire, from whence in most strange and sudden manner, through fierce winds, the fire came to the farther side of the Town, and as it went, left some streets and houses safe and untouched: the flame flew clean over many houses near unto it, and did great spoil to many fair buildings farthest off, and ceased not until it had consumed 160 dwelling houses, besides other, and in damage of wares and household stuff, to the full value of threescore thousand pound. The King was very forward to do them any favour. The King showed great kindness to the distressed inhabitants, as well in giving them five hundred load of timber to repair their buildings, as in preferring their best means to raise their general and particular estates, and in giving them a new Charter. The Knights and chief Gentlemen of that County performed likewise great kindness unto the Townsmen: the City of London gave kindly towards their relief. The 17 of April Doctor Montague, Deane of the King's Chapel, Doctor Montague Lord Bishop of Bath and Wels. was consecrated Bishop of Bath and Wells, by the Lord Archbishop of Canturbury. At this consecration were present Prince Henry, the Duke of York, and most of the great Lords of the Privy Counsel, and divers Bishops. The Earl of Dorset dieth. The 19 of April, at Whitehall died Thomas Earl of Dorset, Lord high Treasurer of England. He died suddenly at the Counsel Table. The oath of allegiance ministered unto suspicious persons. The 29 of April, proclamation was made, commanding the oath of allegiance to be ministered unto all persons that should come from beyond the seas, only to distinguish honest subjects from traitorous practisers, and not for any point or matter in religion: all known Merchants and others of honest state and quality were exempt from taking this oath. This proclamation was made, by reason that many suspicious persons of base sort came daily from beyond seas, and refused to take the oath. At this time Henry Earl of Northampton was made Lord Privy Seal. The Earl of Northampton made L. Privy Seal. Friday the 6 of May, Robert Earl of Salisbury was sworn Lord high Treasurer of England at Westminster, being accompanied with the most part of all the Earls and Barons, The Earl of Salisbury made Lord high Treasurer of England. and with an extraordinary company of Knights and others of honourable rank and quality; & that day he feasted the King, Queen, and Prince, the Lady Elizabeth, the Duke of York, and all the Counsel. The 20 of May at Windsor were made knights of the Garter, The Earls of Dunbar & Montgomery made Knights of the Garter. Francis Earl of Comberland is the other lord Lieutenant. George Earl of Dunbar, Baron Hume of Berwick, Lord of Norham, Lord high Treasurer of Scotland, one of the two Lords Lieutenants in equal authority over the middle shires of Great Britain, sometime the borders of both the kingdoms Lord Governor and Captain for his Majesty of the said town of Berwick, and the Garrison thereof, and one of his majesties most Honourable Privy Counsel: and Philip Earl of Montgomery, Baron of Shurland. In the month of june the King knighted Sir Alexander Hay, Sir Alexander Hay knighted. Secretary for the Scottish affairs. The 23 of june Thomas Garnet a jesuit was executed at Tyburn, A jesuit executed. having favour offered him, if he would have taken the oath of allegiance aforesaid, which he refused to do. This Summer at Astley in Warwickshire, by reason of the fall of the Church, there was taken up the corpse of Thomas Grace, The corpse of the lord marquess. Dorset taken up whole, having been 78 years interred. marquess Dorset: he was buried the tenth of October 1530 in the twenty two year of Henry the eight: and albeit he had lain 78 years in the earth, yet his eyes hair and flesh remained in a manner as if it had been newly buried. Concerning which you may read the new Epitaph set over his sepulchre. Doctor Neyle, Lord Bishop of Rochester. The ninth of October Doctor Neyle Deane of Westminster was consecrated Bishop of Rochester at Lambeth. Shrieves. George Bolles, Richard Farrington, Shrieves. Sir Humphrey Weld Grocer, Mayor. Maior. The Viscount of Cramburne married. The first of December William Viscount Cramburne, son and heir to Robert Earl of Salisbury, Lord Treasurer of England, married Catherens Howard, the third Daughter of Thomas Earl of Suffolk. Consorts of pirates within the straits, and in the main sea. For these five years last passed, great and manifold robberies, spoils, piracies, murders and depredations within the straits & elsewhere have been committed by several companies of English pirates, as well upon our own nation as others, but especially upon the Florentines and Venetians wherewith his highness being much grieved, published from time to time sundry proclamations, denouncing the said offenders to be rebels, and therewithal gave order for their suppression and apprehension as traitors and peace-breakers. But all this prevailed not, for they still increased and persisted in their former villainies: with which offenders, there were some English Merchants, who very cunningly underhand used commerce, truck, and traffic for stolen goods, to the great cherishing and abetting of those malefactors, and dishonour to this nation; for redress whereof, the King by proclamation the eighth of january, prohibited all English Merchants from any manner of meddling or dealing with them, upon great penalty, commanding the judge of the Admiralty, to proceed severely in justice against all such offenders, and that from him there should be no appeal granted to any person touching the premises: all which notwithstanding the number of Pirates still increased, and did great damage unto the English Merchants, and to all other nations. There were Hollanders and Esterlings that at this time and before, became fierce Pirates, and held consort with the English robbers, viz. Ward, Bishop, This Sir Francis Verney did turn upon hope of advancement, but he became extreme poor and miserable. Sir Francis Verney, and others. Whereupon the King of Spain sent certain ships of war, under command of Don Lewis Faxardo, who very politicly about the middle of july, came upon them at Tunis, and suddenly burned about 20 of their ships lying in harbour: at which time, though captain Ward escaped in person by being then a shore, yet his great strength & riches perished in the fire, with other his confederates. And the 22 of December, Pirates executed. there were executed at Waping 19 Pirates, some whereof had been in consort with the forenamed English pirates. Strange shifting of the tides. Sunday the ninetéenth of February, it should have been dead low water at London bridge, but quite contrary to course, it was then high water, and presently it ebbed almost half an hour, the quantity of a foot, and then suddenly it flowed again almost two foot higher than it did before, and then ebbed again, until it came near the right course, so as the next flood began in a manner as it should, and kept his due course in all respects, as if there had been no shifting nor alteration of tides. All this happened before twelve of the clock that forenoon, the weather being indifferent calm. The young Earl of Dorset married, and the Earl of Hertfords' grandchild married. The 25 of February, Richard Lord Buckhurst, married the Lady Anne Clyfford, the only child of George Earl of Cumberland. And the last of February died Robert Earl of Dorset, father to the forenamed Richard, L. Buckhurst. And the first of june next following, Edward Seymour, the son and heir of the Lord Beauchampe, married the Lady Anne Sackvile, second daughter to the said Robert Earl of Dorset. An. reg. 7. 1609 A general truce in the Netherlands for twelve years. In this month of March 1609. upon full 3 years deliberate advice, was concluded and proclaimed a general and particular truce & ceassation from all manner of hostility by sea and land for twelve years, between Philip the third of that name King of Spain, and Albertus and Isabel Archdukes of Austria on the one part, and the general Estates of Holland, Zealand, and Frizeland on the other part. In this truce were included all the neuter Towns, Forts, and Cities. This was done after either side had tried their utmost fortunes, and felt the bitter sting and cruel misery of almost fifty years bloody wars, to the great damage of all Christendom, and advantage of the unreconcilable common enemy the Turk. The last year, and this spring, The first general planting of Mulberry trees in England. according to his majesties express order, upon apparent reason and great likelihood of future good & utility to the common subjects of this land, there were many thousands of young Mulberry trees brought hither out of France by Monsieur Francis Vertron, alias Forest of Verton in Pycardie Esquire, who had a Patent for the same for two years: which were likewise by order sent into divers shires, and there planted for the feeding of Silkworms to make silk, In Dawpheny & other parts of France, there was silk made a good while before, but not throughout the whole kingdom until of late years. like as it is made in France. The last year at Gréenwich he kept great store of English Silkworms, the which the King with great pleasure came often to see them work; and of their silk the King caused a piece of Taffeta to be made. It is but twenty years since the first general making of silk in France. And the like general planting of Mulberry trees there, who until then could not make Silk. All which notwithstanding for many years passed here in England have been divers ingenious and industrious English gentlemen, who have planted Mulberries, made many trials, taken great pains, and been at expenses to breed and feed their worms and to make silk, whereof they brought some to good perfection. Amongst whom of most note is William Stallendge Esquire, who at this time and before, M. Nicholas jeffe & many others had put it in practice long before. by his proper practice had bred great store of worms to good perfection, and thereof made good silk in London, viz. 13 yards of Taffeta, and divers pairs of Stockings of sundry colours which he presented unto his Majesty, and unto the Queen and Prince, and unto many others the other year: This Stallendge about three years past had a Patent for seven years to bring in Mulberry seeds: and this year according to the king's direction, he and the forenamed Forest planted Mulberry trees in most shires of England, viz. M. Stallendge furnished the Western parts and M. Forest the Northern part, the King planted Mulberry trees near Saint james Park. Britain Burse builded. The beautiful building in the Strand near Durham house was begun the tenth of june last passed, and was fully finished in November following, at the proper charges of Robert Earl of Salisbury Lord high Treasurer of England, They were there entertained with pleasant ingenious speeches, gifts and devices. and upon Tuesday the tenth of April this year 1609 many of the upper shops were richly furnished with wares, and the next day after that the King, Queen and Prince, the Lady Elizabeth and the Duke of York with many great Lords and chief Ladies came thither, and then the King gave it a name; and called it Britain Burse. The 8 of May the King by his Proclamation prohibited all foreign Nations that after August next they should not fish upon any the coasts of England, Scotland or Ireland, All foreign nations forbidden to fish upon the coasts of England Scotland & Ireland without special licence. nor the Isles adjacent without special licence from the Commissioners in that behalf ordained, viz. to have licence from the Commissioners in London for Fishing near England and Ireland, and from the Commissioners in Edenbrough to fish in the Scottish seas, and the Isles adjacent. The first, second and third of june, The King heareth the Bishops and secular judges. the king in person royal heard the differences between the ecclesiastical and the temporal judges argued, touching prohibitions out of the King's Bench, and Common Pleas. The 8.9. and 10. The King heareth the complaints touching his navy. of june his Majesty also in proper person accompanied with the L. Treasurer, the Lord Privy Seal, the Lord Admiral, the Lord Chamberlain and others, heard the manifold complaints of the abuses of the officers of his Navy royal. The 23 of june the King, Queen and Prince, A trial of fight between a Lion, a Horse and a Bare. with divers great Lords and many others came to the Tower to make trial of the Lion's single valour, and to have the Lions kill a great fierce Bare which had killed a child, but the Lions being tried by one and one at a time, and lastly by two together which were bred in that open yard where the Bare was put loose for combat, yet would none of them assail him but fled from him, and sought to return into their dens. After the first Lion was put forth, then was there a stone horse put into the Bare, and Lion, who when he had gazed upon them a little, he fell to grazing standing in the midst between them both, and whereas at first there was but two mastiffs let in, who boldly sought with the Lion, there was now 6 dogs let in, who slew all upon the horse, being most in their fight at their first entrance, and would soon have woried the horse to death, The parents of the child had as much as ●aw and reason could afford. but that suddenly even as the King wished there entered in 3 stout Bearwards, who wondrous valiantly rescued the horse and brought away the dogs, whilst the Lion and Bare stood staring upon them. And the fifth of july this Bare according to the King's express commandment was baited to death with dogs upon a Stage, and the mother of the murdered child had twenty pound given her out of the money, given by the people to see the death of the Bare. About two years past, viz. at Christmas, 1607. Kingly payments beyond precedent. the King borrowed of Francis jones, and Nicholas Salter and their partners being Farmers of the Custom house, one hundred and twenty thousand pound for one whole year, which said sum his Majesty very graciously and careful repaid at Christmas 1608. with full royal consideration for the same. In the month of March the last year 1608. the King borrowed of certain other Citizens the sum of threescore and three thousand pound for fifteen months: and this Midsummer day 1609 the King not only repaid them all the said sum, There was never the like royal payment made by any King to the common subjects. but allowed them likewise their full interest for the same, viz. seven thousand and five hundred proud as a royal recompense: the King sent them word that he had money ready for them, and that if they would they should receive their money before their day, but they refused it. Of late years certain ingenious and industrious persons devised and found out the making of Allome within the King's Dominions, The first making of Allome in England. viz. in Devonshire, and Ireland, and lastly at Gysborrow, and other places in Yorkshire, where the said Allom by this time was brought to full perfection by the Lord Sheffield, and Sir Thomas chaloner, Sir David Fowllis, Sir john Bowrchier Knights, and William Turner, Nicholas Cryspe, Elias Cryspe, Abraham Chamberlain Citizens of London, to the great use & profit of the common wealth, whereupon the first of july the King by his Proclamation prohibited the bringing in of any Allome from beyond the seas into any part of his majesties dominions upon pain of confiscation. The King likewise ordained fit places for Storehouses of Allome, for the ready use thereof to such as would buy the same, the King also gave very gracious respect & princely remuneration unto all those, who of late had taken pains & been at expenses in the practising and achieving to bring this royal commodity unto due perfection, and then took the traffic thereof unto himself. This year the King had aid of his Subjects throughout the Kingdom of England for knighting his son Prince Henry according to the Law of this land, An ancient duty. in the levying whereof the Subjects were very favourably dealt withal, for whereas by the ancient law of this land the subjects ought to have paid twelve pence in the pound of the yearly value of their lands, his Majesty very graciously ordained several Commissioners in the several shires, who according to the purpose of their commissions did so moderately demean themselves as no man was compelled to pay any more than he would willingly give, being a very ancient duty due unto the King, and was now in a manner quite forgotten. Let all that are pardoned note this for example. Robert Allyley being arraigned at Newgate for felony, stood mute and refused the ordinary trial, whereupon as the manner is, the hangman came unto him to bind his hands, but Allyley resisted, and with his Fist smote him on the face in the presence of the judges, who presently remembered that this prisoner but the last Sessions before, was there convicted of felony, and for the same had obtained the King's special pardon, which pardons in general are unto all persons, but only upon their good behaviour unto the King and his subjects, His hand was nailed at the Gybet end before his face. and thereupon the Court instantly gave judgement, that for the blow he gave, his hand should first be cut off: And then his body to be hanged for that fact for the which he had his pardon, according to which sentence he was presently executed upon a gibbet at the Session's gate. In December in the 34 year of Queen Elibeth, The original and foundation of the East India Company. there were letters patents granted for fifteen years to the East India Merchants trading to the East Indies, and in May last 1609. The King's Majesty upon mature deliberation in favour of the said Company, finding the same to be very commodious traffic and Navigation, and as propitious and honourable for this Kingdom renewed and enlarged the foresaid letters patents and Charter to continue for ever, enabling them thereby to be a body corporate and politic. The first governor of this Company named and ordained both in the first and last patent was Sir Thomas Smith Knight, who is also Governor of the Muscovy Company, and precedent and treasurer of the Company and counsel for Virginea. This year the said East-India Company builded a most stately ship at Detford of the burden of twelve hundredth tun, being the greatest and goodliest ship that ever was builded in this kingdom by any Merchants. At this time they also builded a Pinnace of two hundredth and fifty tun to attend her. And upon Saturday the 30 of December, his Majesty and Prince Henry, with the Lord Admiral, the Lord Chamberlain, the Earl of Worcester, and many other Lords went to see these ships launched, and were all entertained with a banquet in the chief Cabin of the great ship, and the rest were banqueted at a long Table in the half deck▪ these rich and plentiful banquets were all served in fine China Dishes which were freely permitted to be taken and carried away by all persons. The King gave the Governor a very fair chain of gold with a jewel wherein was the King's picture: highly commending his endeavour, care and industry for the good of the common wealth, maintenance of traffic and Navigation, for the which also his Maiest● with very gracious respect commended and thanked the assistants of that company, wh● likewise kissed his highness hand, the King called the great ship the Trade● Increase, and the other the Pepper Corne. Shrieves. Sebastian Harvey, William Cokayne sheriffs. Maior. Sir Thomas Cambell Iremonger Mayor. Translation, and consecration of Bishops. The sixth of November the famous Doctor Lancelot andrew's Lord Almoner, Bishop of Chichester was transferred unto the Bishopric of Ely. And the 3 of December George Abbot Doctor of divinity, Deane of Winchester, was consecrated Lord Bishop of Coventry and Lychfield. And Samuel Harsenet Doctor of Divinity was consecrated Lord Bishop of Chichester. And 12 of February, the forenamed Doctor Abbot was transferred to the Bishopric of London and was installed in Paul's, by his deputy Doctor Pasfielde. The six of january at the Court of Whitehall in the presence of the King and Queen and the Ambassadors of Spain and Venice, and of all the Peers and great Ladies of the land, and of many thousand of others, there the Prince performed his first feats of arms, viz. Prince Henry his first feats of Arms. at Bar●yers against all comers, being assisted only with six other, viz. the Duke of Lenox, the Earl of Arundel, the Earl of Southampton, the Lord Hay, sir Thomas Somerset, and sir Richard Preston, who shortly after was created Lord Dingwell: against these challengers came 56 brave defendants, consisting of Earls, Barons, Knights and esquires every challenger fought with eight several defendants two several combats at two several weapons, viz. at push of pike and with single sword, the Prince performed this challenge with wondrous skill and courage to the great joy and admiration of all the beholders, the Prince not being full sixteen years of age until the 19 of February: these feats of Arms with sundry stately shows and ingenious devices began before ten a clock at night, and continued until three a clock next morning being Sunday, and that day the Prince feasted all the Combatants at Saint james house, and then gave three rich prizes unto three of the best deservers defendants, viz. unto the Earl of Mountgomery, M. Thomas Darcy, son and heir to the Lord Darcy of Chich, and unto six Robert Gourdon. In the year 1584. was discovered the Country which is now called Virginea, The first discovery and plantation of Virginea. and was so called by Queen Elizabeth, and she assigned the same unto sir Walter Raleigh, as being the chief discoverer thereof. And in the year 1587. there were sent thither above 100 souls, viz. men, women, and children, since which time until the third year of his majesties reign, the yearly sending thither for plantation ceased, and then upon more exact discoveries there were sundry yearly supplies sent thither of men, women and children with all things necessary under conduct of captain Newport, and also in the Month of may there were sent thither nine ships with five hundred men, women and children with all necessary provision under command of Sir Thomas Gates Lieutenant general, Sir George Somers Admiral of Virginea, and captain Newport Vice Admiral, with other expert captains and resolute gentlemen. And likewise at the end of this present year 1609. there was sent an other supply of three ships with an hundred and fifty men, being for the most part Artificers under command of the right Honourable Thomas Lord La Ware, who by the free election of the Treasurer and Counsel of Virginea, and with the full consent of the generality of that company was constituted and authorized during his natural life to be Lord Governor and captain general of all the English Colonies planted, or to be planted in Virginea, according to the tenor of his majesties Letters Patents granted this present year unto the said company. The Lord La War had his Patent sealed by that Company the twenty eight day of February this year 1609. The Lord La War goeth to Virginea. he went accompanied with Knights and Gentlemen of quality: And in june next there was one ship with 20 men, and a years competent provision for the whole Colony sent after him. The ninth of February the Parliament began at Westminster, The Parliament adjourned. and continued until the twenty third of july, and was then prorogued until the 16 of October following, and then the Lords and Commons sat again until the sixth of December, and then it was adjourned unto the ninth of February. The King's Majesty in his princely providence for the present and future good of his Kingdoms, The plantation of the North of Ireland by the Citizens of London. and chiefly for prevention of all rebellion in the Kingdom of Ireland, and in his especial favour, and kingly respect unto the City of London, did in july last make a liberal offer unto the Lord Maior and citizens of London for the present possession and plantation of Englishmen in the Province of Ulster; And when the Lord Maior and Citizens had well advised themselves therein, then in August they sent four discreet expert persons, being accompanied and directed by Sir Thomas filips as the Lords of the Council had appointed, to survey that Province, and to observe the profits with the estate and condition thereof, and to report what ruins were to be repaired, and what cities, castles and towns were presently to be builded, and when these 4 surveyors were returned, they ascertained the Lord Maior & Citizens, aswell of the true estate and validity thereof, as of the several commodities, honour & dignity that would thereby ensue, & then they humbly accorded unto the Kings most gracious and bounteous offer; then the Lord Maior & Citizens upon mature deliberation levied 20000. li. to be employed in these Irish affairs, & by virtue of their act of common Council they constituted 24 Committees consisting of 6 Aldermen and 18 Commoners, the two chief whereof were called the governor & deputy, all which are to be new chosen every year, having power & authority given them to order & dispose of all matters for plantation, traffic, rule & government in that North part of Ireland, whereupon the 14 of February they made publication thereof, signifying unto all handy craft's men their present entertainment & employment in this expedition, & that they should have their full wages with their dwelling houses and other good means for the honest maintenance of themselves & their families: upon knowledge whereof there came about 300 several persons, who were presently fitted and furnished with all things necessary, & with all conveniency were sent to Ulster: and so this expedition proceeded prosperously; William Cokaine Alderman was the first governor. Thursday the 3 of May, the French Queen, An. reg. 3. 1610 The king of France murdered. with all solemnity was crowned in Paris, having been ten years before married to the king: and the next day after the King was murdered in his coach as he road through Paris by a base villain that stabbed him into the body with a long knife twice, that he died instantly, and his body was carried to the Loover: presently upon the King's death the Queen was made Regent during her son's minority, viz. Lewis the 13. The 20 of May being Sunday, our King & Queen, the Prince, the Duke of York, the Lady Elizabeth, and all the Lords and Ladies in the Court mourned in black for the death of this French King Henry the 4. and about the end of june, was he buried in Paris with as great royalty, as ever was any king of France. Upon the murder of this French king the Lords & Commons of the Parliament of England, humbly besought the King our sovereign Lord to have a more especial care then formerly had been for the preservation of his royal person, & also to take speedy order for the avoiding imminet danger, and keeping his Subjects in their due obedience: and forthwith the Commons of the Parliament for manifestation of their allegiance, love and duty, they voluntarily of their own accord took the oath of allegiance, and after them the Lords of the upper house did so likewise, who also ministered the same oath unto all their servants and followers, and such as refused to take the oath were put from their Lords services, and the Bishops in their Convocation house ordained that every Bishop in their several visitations should minister the same oath unto all their Clergy, which they performed accordingly: this oath was also ministered unto others as followeth, according to the tenor of a special statute made this Session of Parliament in that behalf. Prince Henry created Prince of Wales. The appointed time now drew near for Prince Henry to be created Prince of Wales: and upon thursday the last of May the Lord Maior and Aldermen being accompanied with 54 several companies of citizens of London in their several Barges bearing Arms, distinguished by their proper Ensigns banners and streamers in brave and warlike manner, and therewithal plenteously furnished with sundry sorts of excellent music, and had also to entertain the Prince divers ingenious and pleasant trophies upon the water, all which in very comely order went to Chelsea, the Lord Mayor as Admiral going foremost, where from nine a clock in the morning until past three in the afternoon, they attended the coming of the Prince, who could not come sooner by reason of the low ebb, at which tsme the Prince came from Richmond being very honourably accompanied and attended: And from Chelsea the Lord Maior and citizens conducted his Highness unto the court at Whitehall: as they returned from Chelsea the citizens led the way, and the Lord Maior followed them, going always next before the Prince's Barge: To see this joyful fight, the people for 7 miles' space swarmed on both sides the river, & the Thames was covered with boats, barges, and lighters full fraught with men, women and children. And upon Sunday the 3 of june the King made 25 knights of the Bath whose names follow: And the next day the King created and crowned the Prince his eldest Son Henry, Prince of Wales in the Great White Chamber at Westminster, being performed with all magnificence and solemnity, and with the full consent of the Lords spiritual and temporal, and commons of the Parliament, being all there present, the Lord Maior and Aldermen of London were also present at this Creation: the Prince's titles were proclaimed, viz. Henry Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall and Rothesey, and Earl of Chester. In honour of this Creation there was the next night at the Court a most rich and royal mask of Ladies, viz. the Queen, the Lady Elizabeth, daughter to our Sovereign, the Lady Arabella, the Countess of Arondel, the Countess of Derby, the Countess of Essex, the Countess of Dorset, the Countess of Mountgomery, the Viscounts of Haddington, the Lady Elizabeth Grace, the Lady Elizabeth Guildford, the Lady Katherine Peter, the Lady Winter, and the Lady Windsor: and upon Wednesday in the afternoon in the Tiltyard there were divers Earls, Barons and others being in rich and glorious armour, and having most costly comparisons wondrous curiously embroidered with pearl, gold and silver; the like rich habiliments for horses were never seen before, presented their several ingenious Trophies before the King, Queen and Prince, and then ran at Tilt, where there was a world of people assembled to behold their trophies; and that night there were other triumphs upon the water with ships of war and Galleys fight one against an other, and against a great Castle builded upon the water: and after these battles, then for an hours space there were many strange and variable fire works in the castle, and in all the ships and galleys. The Knights of the Bath. Knights of the Bath. The Earl of Oxford. The Lord Gourdon. The Lord Clifford. The Lord Fitzwalter. The Lord Fitzwarren. The Lord Hay. The Lord Erskine. The Lord Windsor. The Lord Wentworth. Sir Charles' Somerset. Sir Edward Somerset. Sir Francis Stewart. Sir Ferdinando Dudley. Sir Henry Cary. Sir Oliver Saint john. Sir Gilbert Gerrard. Sir Charles Stanhope. Sir Edward Bruce. Sir William Stewart. Sir Robert Sidney. Sir Ferdinando Tuchet. Sir Peregrine Bartye. Sir Henry Rich. Sir Edward Sheffield. Sir William Cavendish. The 4 of june Proclamation was made, A proclamation touching jesuits and Recusants. commanding all Roman Priests, jesuits, and Seminaries to depart this Kingdom by the 4 day of july next, and not to return upon pain of the severity of the law: also by this proclamation, the King straightly commands all Recusants to return home to their dwellings, and not to remain in London, nor to come within ten miles of the Court without especial licence, but to depart from London and the Court by the last day of this month, and to remain confined according to the tenor of the statute in that behalf provided. Presently after that the oath of allegiance was ministered unto all officers, attorneys & Clerks, The oath of allegiance ministered. belonging to any of the Courts of Westminster hall, and the Exchequer, and unto all Advocates and Proctors of the spiritual Courts. This oath was also ministered unto all Lawyers and Students in the Inns of Court and Chancery, and unto all Studients and Scholars in both the Universities. The 25 of july 1610. The Lord Clifford married. the Lord Henry Clifford, son to Frances Earl of Cumberland married the Lady Francis Cecil daughter to Robert Earl of Salisbury Lord high Treasurer of England. This year the King builded a most stately ship for war, The King buildeth the greatest and goodliest ship of war that ever was built in England the Keel whereof was an hundred and 14 foot long, and the cross beam was forty and four foot long: she will bear 64 pieces of great Ordnance, and is of the burden of 1400 tun: This royal ship is double built, and is most sumptuously adorned both within and without with all manner of curious carving, painting and rich gild, being in all respects the greatest and goodliest ship that ever was builded in England: and this glorious ship the King gave unto his son Henry Prince of Wales: and the 24 of September the King, the Queen, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of York, and the Lady Elizabeth with many great Lords went to Wollwich to see it launched, but because of the narrowness of the Dock, it could not then be launched, whereupon the Prince came the next morning by three a clock, and then at the launching thereof the Prince named it after his own dignity, and called it the Prince, Master Phynyes' Pet. was Warden and chief work master in building this ship. The Lord Wotton sent to take the oath of the French King. The King sent the Lord Wotton Ambassador into France to take the oath of the young King, and of the Queen Regent his mother, for performance of a league newly made between the two Kingdoms: he arrived at Calais the 28 of August, and came to Paris the 7 of September, and the King was sworn the 12 of the same month. And the Ambassador returned into England, the 7 of October. And the French King, viz. Lewis the 13. was crowned the sixth of October at reins in champaign. Sunday the 21 of October, Three Bishops consecrated. by Commission from the King to the Lord Bishop of London, the Lord Bishop of Elye, the Lord Bishop of Worcester, and to the Lord Bishop of Rochester, they did consecrate in the Chapel of the Lord Bishop of London, Master john Spottyswod Archbishop of Glasco, Master Gawen Hamelton Bishop of Galloway, and M. Andrew Lamb Bishop of Breachyn: which consecration was performed mutatis mutandis, according to the form of the Church of England. Richard Pyot, Francis Ihones, Shreeves. Shrieves. Sir William Craven Merchantaylor, Maior. Maior. The Triumphs, Trophies, and pleasant devices at this time, in honour of the Lord Maior and City of London, were extraordinary great, being in a manner twice so much as hath been usual within the City, and so likewise were the stately shows and ingenious devices upon the water, at the charges of the Company of Marchantaylors. Notwithstanding the City of London's former The City of London buildeth new granaries and store houses. plentiful provision of sundry Granaries and other Storehouses for the general service thereof, and for prevention of sudden famine, yet such is the late unspeakable increase of people within and about the City, as well of strangers as Natives, so as the Magistrates in their providence, for prevention of famine, and for provision for the poor, very carefully about two years past began to build a Bridewell twelve new fair Granaries, being sufficient to keep six thousand quarters of Corn, and two store houses for sea-coal for the poor, which will keep four thousand load of coals. These necessary houses were not finished until this time. Master Alderman Leman used great pains and diligence in the contriving and accomplishing of this memorable work. The prince of Anhalt cometh to see the King. This last Summer there were wars in Cleveland, and the united protestant Princes, with their several forces aided the marquess of Brandenburg in his claim to that Dukedom, and the Dukedom of Gulich: in which wars, and at the taking the City of Gulich, Christianus Prince of Anhalt, was chief General of all the united forces; Sir Edward Cecil, Lord General of all the English and Sots forces in Cleveland and Gulich, and sir Edward Cecyll, otherwise called Colonel Cecyll, was then Lord General of the English and Scottish Army. This Prince Christanus, arrived of late at Dover, and came to see the King, who entertained and feasted him and all his train very royally. He took great pleasure to view the City of London: he beheld the pleasant triumphs upon the water, and within the City, which were then extraordinary in honour of the Lord Maior and Citizens: and that day, this Prince with all his Germane train, were feasted in the Guild hall, where he manifested his princely former admiration touching the greatness, situation, state, and wealth of the City; and then he also admired the goodly uniform order & rich habit of the citizens, and said, that there was no State nor city in the world, that did elect their Magistrates with such magnificence, except the city of Venice, unto which the city of London cometh very near, etc. The 7 of December john Roberts, A Monk and a Seminary executed. a Benedict Monk, sometime provincial of the Benedictans in England, and Thomas Somers a Seminary, were condemned at Newgate, & executed at Tyburn, they having been before sundry times taken and banished, & yet presumed to return again, and here to practise against the King and State. George Palyn, Citizen and Girdler of London, at this time gave ad pios usus, 3600. pound, M. Palyns bounty. that is to say, twelve hundredth pound unto the two Universities, and nine hundredth pound for an alms-house, and the rest he bequeathed unto other godly and charitable purposes, in which legacies he bestowed the better part of all his wealth. This month of December 1610. The Prince of Wales settleth his household. Henry Prince of Wales kept his Court at Saint james near Charing Cross, & settled his house, and ordained his Officers, as well the Officers of his highness Revenues, as those of his household, the names of the chief whereof follow. Of his highness Revenues. Sir Edward Philip's Chancellor. Master Adam Newton, Secretary. Sir George Moor, Receiver General. Sir Willi. Fleetwood, Suruaier general. Sir Augustine Nichols Sergeant. M. Thomas Stephens, Attorney. M. Richard Cunnock, Auditor. Of his highness Household. Sir Thomas chaloner, Chamberlain. Sir Charles Cornewalleys, Treasurer. Sir john Hollis, controller. Sir David Fowllis, Cofferer. Sir David Murrey. Gentleman of the Bedchamber. The Parliament dissolved by Proclamation, dated the 31 of December. Whereas the Kings most Excellent Majesty hath continued this Parliament together, longer than hath been usual, or might well have stood either with his important affairs of State, or with the public business of three whole Terms spent in the two last Sessions, or with the occasions of the Country, where the service and Hospitality of many Persons of quality hath been missing, and divers Shires, Cities and Burrough Towns have been burdened, with allowances made to the Knights, and Burgesses whom they employed, besides the particular expense of the nobility, and others attending that service; And all this in expectation of a good conclusion, of some of those weighty causes, which have been therein deliberated, not only for the supply of the necessities of his majesties estate, but for the ease and freedom of his subjects, in many things proposed by his Majesty in Parliament, far differing & surpassing the favours and graces of former times, both in nature and value: His Majesty hath now resolved (for preventing of further trouble, of all those that would prepare themselves, to be here against the time limited by the last prorogation) to declare by these presents, that they shall not need, to give their attendance at the day appointed, for any service to be done, as members of this Parliament, because his Majesty (for many good considerations known to himself) hath now determined to dissolve this Parliament, by his Commission under the great Seal of England. Upon New years night, The Prince of Wales, his mask at Whitehall. the Prince of Wales being accompanied with twelve others, viz. two Earls, three Barons, five Knights, & two Esquires, they performed a very stately mask, in which was an excellent Scene, ingenious speeches, and rare songs, and with great variety of most delicate music. The French King sent Monsieur de la Verdyne, A special Ambassador from the French King. one of the Marshals of France, Governor of Maine, accompanied and attended with sixscore persons all in mourning habit. He and his whole train came to Lambeth the 16 of january, and were lodged in the Archbishop's palace, which the King caused to be very royally furnished, and during their abode, they were also entertained at the King's charge. The Ambassador had audience upon Sunday the 20 of january; and the next Sunday the King took his oath, for performance of a league lately made between the two Kingdoms. M. Teasdale his bounty. Thomas Teasdale of Glymton in Oxfordshire-Gentleman, at this time gave five thousand pound to purchase land, for perpetual maintenance of seven Fellows and six Scholars, to be placed in Bailyoll College in Oxford, and to be chosen thither from time to time out of the Free-school of Abingdon in Backshire. He also gave lands for perpetual maintenance for an Usher in that School, besides many other charitable legacies. He deceased the 13 of june 1610. Dunbar deceased. Viscont Fenton a Privy Counsellor. The 30 of january 1610. died the Earl of Dunbar, and the 18 of April next following, viz. 1611 his funeral was very honourably performed at Westminster. The 31 of january 1610 the Lord Viscont Fenton captain of the Guard, was sworn a Privy Counsellor. Sir Marmaduke Dorrell buildeth a Parish Church. About this time sir Marmaduke Dorell knight then Master of the King's household, but was afterward cofferer of the king's household, builde● a very fair new Parish Church in the Town of Fulmer in Buckingham-shire near Uxbridge, this church was consecrated by Doctor Barlow Lord Bishop of Lincoln, and within five years after this time, most of the Churches within and about London with their steeples, were either newly enlarged or repaired, or beautified, as also about 3 years after, there were divers Chapels new builded and consecrat, as a Chapel builded by Baron Altham at Oxhey, & a Chapel builded in the Strand by sir julius Caesar Knight Master of the Rolls, as also divers Churchyards ordained and consecrated, the last whereof was that at white-chapel near Mile-end-gréene, and at this time Bow-stéeple in Cheapside was well repaired and the fair Dial set up. The 11 of February 1610. Sir Henry Montegue made Sergeant. sir Henry Montegue Knight recorder of London, was made Sergeant at Law, and presently after he was made the King's Sergeant, & so remained Recorder of London until the 18 of November 1610. and then was made L. Chief justice of the King's Bench, An. reg. 9 1611 Viscon● Rochester created. & the next day road to Westminster-hall with great state being very honourably accompanied & attended. Upon our Lady-day, being then Easter-day, the King created Sir Robert Car Knight, L. Viscont of Rochester, at Whitehall. The 9 of April 1611. Doctor Abbot L. Archbishop of Canterbury. the most reverend Father in God, George Abbot Doctor of Devinity Lord Bishop of London, was transferred unto the Archbishopric of Canterbury, and upon Sunday the 23 of june he was sworn a Privy Counsellor at Greenwich. Sir Thomas Dale and sir Thomas Gates sent with supplies to Virginia. About the middle of March last Sir Thomas Dale Knight Marshal of Virginia was sent thither with three ships and three hundredth men, and all things necessary for the Colony, and also twelve Kine twenty Goats, besides Coneys, Pigeons and Pullen, and toward the end of May following, Sir Thomas Gates Knight, Lieutenant General of Virginia was sent with three ships and three Carvels, and two hundredth and fourscore men, and twenty women, and two hundredth kine, and as many swine, with other necessaries. And the next spring were sent thither more supplies, besides a particular supply for the English in the Bermodes. Sir Thomas Ouerbury. The 20 of April 1611 Sir Thomas Ouerbury was committed to the Tower, and died there the 15 of September next following. Thursday the 9 of May this year 1611. the King in person came in the forenoon, The King in person cometh into the star-chamber to see the trial of his Pixe. and suruaied Westminster-hal, the Court of Exchequer and all the Offices, the King being accompanied and attended, by the Lord Chancellor, Lord Treasurer, Lord Privy Seal, the Lord Chamberlain, with six other Earls & sir julius Caesar Knight Chancellor of the Exchequer, and went into the star-chamber, being thither come of purpose to see his Moneys of Gold and Silver, and caused them to be taken out of the Pixe, which were then brought from the Tower to be tried, as well for their weight as fineness, where Edmond Doublday Esquire, Warden of the Mint, with the rest of the Officers of the Mint, with their several keys opened the Pix, and powered forth the gold and silver before his Majesty to be tried and assayed by their several standards, Proclamation against the transportation of gold & silver and the quoin advanced. which was more than was done by any King this hundredth years, the King then also gave them a jury of sixteen Goldsmiths of the best skill, and note to make farther trial and satisfaction, and presently after this his Majesty made a strict Proclamation for preservation of his moneys within his dominions, which were most subtly transported in great abundance by Hollanders and others, so as his Majesty in his wisdom and kingly care was constrained to advance his quoines, and to make an increase of the price and valuation read my large Book. The 13 of May being Monday in Whitsun week, The Duke of York the Earl of Arundel and the Viscont Rochester made knights of the Garter. at Windsor were installed knights of the Garter, Prince Charles' Duke of York, son to our sovereign Lord the King, and Thomas Earl of Arundel, and Robert Viscont Rochester. The ninth of june Doctor Buckeredge was consecrated Lord Bishop of Rochester, Doctor Buckeridge B. of Rochester. did Doctor Melburne Bishop of Saint Davies. The 23 of june arrived Prince Otto, son and heir to Mawrice, The young Landgrave of Hesson arriveth in England. Langrave of Hesson of 17 years of age, being very Princely accompanied and attended, the king honoured two of his Attendants with knighthood, this young Prince went unto both the Universities, and saw divers of the King's palaces, and returned the 3 of August. The 6 of june the King by Proclamation straightly commanded the oath of Allegiance to be ministered unto all sorts of people, The oath of Allegiance ministered. and a true certificate to be made thereof unto the great Lords of the Counsel. Proclamation against all increase of buildings with in London and the Suburbs and 20 miles thereof. The 8 of August the King by proclamation very straightly commanded, that there should be no more increase of buildings within London and the Suburbs, and twenty miles thereof, & to build in uniform of brick and stone, for the preservation of timber, whereof there was plain● appearance of extreme want, except by providence prevented, as also that the sudden increasing of people in London and Westminster was the decay and depopulating of many Towns and Hamlets in divers shires, for the more speedy and assured redress whereof and other such like enormities, the King made an other proclamation the 10 of September following. Doctor King Lord Bishop of London. The 18 of September 1611 Doctor King Deane of Christ-church in Oxford, was consecrated Lord Bishop of London. France & Spain match together. At this time was concluded a double match between the young French King and the King of Spain's daughter, and the Prince of Spain and the French Kings sister· The Earl of Pembroke a Privy Counsellor. Wednesday the 29 of September, the Earl of Pembroke was sworn a Privy Counsellor. Edward Barkeham, George Smiths Shrieves. Shrieves. Sir james Pemberton Knight Goldsmith, Maior. Mayor. Wednesday the 18 of March 1611. Two Heretics burned. Barthelmew Legat an obstinate Arian Heretic was burned in Smithfield. And the eleventh of April following viz. 1612. Edward Wightman. an other perverse Heretic, having refused more favour than he could either desire or deserve, was burned at Lichfield, this Heretic would fain have made the people believe, that he himself was the Holy Ghost and immortal, with sundry other most vile opinions, not fit to be mentioned amongst Christians. The 22 of April the Viscont Rochester was sworn a Privy Counsellor. An. reg. 10 1612 Viscont Rochester a Privy Counsellor. The 29 of May 1612. Richard Newport and William Scot Seminaries, were executed at Tyburn. Two Seminaries executed. The 25 of june Robert Carliel & james Edwin were executed for murdering john Turner a Fencer, and the 27 of june the Lord Sanquire was arraigned at the King's Bench bar, The Lord Sanquire executed. for conspiring and hireing the said two persons to kill the said Turner, the Lord confessed the indictment, and was executed upon a Gibbet the 29 of june at Westminster. The 25 of june 1612. began a great Lottery in London, Lotteries in London. the greatest Lot or Prize was a thousand pound in plate, and three years after that there was an other greater Lottery drawn at the same place viz. at the West end of Saint Paul's Church. The 26 of june died Roger Earl of Rutland at Cambridge, Roger Earl of Rutland deceased. and was buried at Bottysford, his brother Sir Francis Manners succeeded him in the Earldom. At this time the corpse of Queen Mary late Queen of Scotland, The King buildeth a royal Tomb for his mother, & translateth her corpse from Peterborow to Westminster. was translated from Peterborough to Westminster, being thither attended by the Lord Bishop the Coventry and Lichfield. And upon Thursday of 8 of October, the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Privy Seal, the Earl of Worcester with other Noble men and Gentlemen, and the Lord Bishop of Rochester and the Dean of Westminster met the Corpse at Clarkenwell about six a clock in the Evening, and from thence with plenty of Torch-lights, the body of the said Queen was brought into the Chapel Royal, at Westminster, and was there placed in a vault, upon the Southside whereof the King had new made a Royal Tomb for her, where she now resteth. Great winds & shipwreck. In the months of October, November and December there happened great winds, violent storms and tempests, which caused much shipwreck upon the Ocean, in havens and rivers, and did great damage upon the Land, and the next spring there fell extroardinary rain even until Saint james-tyde, and yet upon she humble and hearty prayers of the people in all Churches, it pleased Almighty God to send a more seasonable and plentiful harvest then in many years before. The last year in Summer here arrived sir Robert Shirley knight an Englishman, An Ambassador from the King of Persia, to the King of Great Britain. from the King of Persia. And by him sent Ambassador to the King of Great Briton, and was very honourably received and entertained, he returned in january this year 1612. The King's Majesty by his letters patents, dated the seventh of june, Hicks-hall builded. in the seventh year of his reign, did enfeoff 15 knights and Esquires of the County of Middlesex, of a piece of ground, lying in Saint john's street in Middlesex, to be for ever employed for a Session's house, and for the keeping of a prison or house of correction for that county, upon which piece of ground Sir Baptist Hicks knight, one of the justices of that county, at his own proper charge builded a fair Session house of Brick and Stone, and upon Wednesday the 13 of january this year 1612. the house being then newly finished, there were assembled six and twenty justices of that county, where the founder feasted them all, and when they had well considered what name that house should bear, then with one consent they all agreed it should be called Hicks-hall, after the name of the Founder, and then the Founder gave it freely to them and their Successors for ever. Until this time the justices of Middlesex held their County Court or meetings, in a rude common Inn called the Castle, near Smithfield-bars, annoyed with Carriers and many other sorts of people. Sir Baptist Hicks his farther bounty. The said Sir Baptist Hicks hath also builded a very fair Hospital of free stone at Camden in Gloucester-shire for six poor men and six women, allowing them competent mainetenance for ever, he also repaired the Parish Church and gave them a Bell. Lent strictly kept. This year upon sundry apparent reasons of present ensuing famine, the Fast of Lent was straightly commanded to be strictly kept, and that all persons should utterly abstain from killing and eating of all manner of Butcher's flesh, which course took good effect as you read at large. Shrieves. Edw. Rotherham, Allexander Prescot, Shrieves. Maior. Sir joh. Swynarton knight Merchantaillor, Maior. Friday the 16 of October 1612. at 11 a clock at night, arrived at Gravesend the most illustrious young Prince Frederick the fifth of that name Count Palatine of the rain etc. The Palsgrave a●●ueth in England. being very Princely accompanied and attended, he was received by Sir Lewis Lewkenor Knight, Master of the Ceremonies, whom the King had sent thither before to attend the coming of the Prince, upon knowledge of his arrival the King sent speedily the Duke of Lenox with other Earls and Barons to signify his hearty welcome, and the next Sunday they accompanied the Palsgrave by Barge from Gravesend to Whitehall, where Prince Charles Duke of York received and entertained him at his first landing, and brought him up into the great Banqueting-house, where he was likewise entertained by the King Queen, Henry Prince of Wales, and the Lady Elizabeth. The 29 of October the Palsgrave dined at the guildhall, and was accompanied with the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Duke of Lenox, being the great Feast day of the Lord Maior, after dinner the Lord Mayor in the behalf of the City and himself, in sign of love and hearty welcome, presented the Palsgrave with a Basin and Ewer, and two fair Livery pots curiously wrought and richly gilded, and in every of them was engraven Civitas London. Friday the sixth of October died the most Noble and hopeful Prince Henry Prince of Wal●s, Henry Prince of Wales deceased. he was Royally buried in the Chapel Royal at Westminster the seventh of December. Spon Saint Thomas day the Palsgrave and Grave Mawrice were elected Knights of the Garter, The Palsgrave and Grave Maw●ice made Knights of the Garter, and upon Sunday the 7 of February the Palsgrave in person was installed at Windsor, and Grave Mawrice was installed by his Deputy and kinsman Count Lodowick of Nassaw, The Lady Elizabeth married unto the Palsgrave. The 14 of February being Shrove Sunday the Lady Elizabeth was married unto the Palsgrave: In honour whereof there were sundry warlike Triumphs and Trophies upon the Thames three days before the day of marriage, and upon the wedding day there was Tilting and other Royal entertainments of Time, and that night there was a Mask of Lords and Ladies, and two nights after that there were two several Masks performed by the Gentlemen of the four Inns of Court, all which were set out and adorned with more sundry propperties, speeches and ingenious devices, than ever was any before in this Kingdom, A present from London. and the Lord Maior and Aldermen of London in the behalf of the city and themselves, presented the Bride with a very fair chain of Oriental pearl. Prince Charles bishopped. An. reg. 11 1613 Upon Easter day, the King the Palsgrave and the Lady Elizabeth received the Sacrament in the Chapel of Whitehall, and the next day Prince Charles was confirmed or Bishopped in the same Chapel, by the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, in the presence of the King and Queen, the Prince having been formerly conferred withal by the Lord Archbishop, and the Lord Bishop of bath and Wells, touching the principles of Religion, unto whom he manifested such princely understanding and forwardness, and there withal upon the sudden gave such ready answers and reasons of his Faith, as drove them and all the rest that heard him into great admiration, the Prince being then but twelve years of age the 19 of February last. Saturday the tenth of April 1613. The Palsgrave and the Lady Elizabeth set forward for Heydelberg. the Palsgrave and the Lady Elizabeth set forward on their journey for Heydelberge, being accompanied with the King and Queen, and Prince Charles, and went by barge from Whitehall to Greenwich, and upon Twesday they all in like manner went by Coach to Rochester, where the next morning the Palsgrave and the Lady Elizabeth took their leave of the King, Queen and Prince, and then road to Canterbury, and from thence to Margate, where the Lord Admiral of England with nine ships and pinnaces attended their coming and received them and their train, and with them there went to conduct them the Duke of Lenox, the Earl of Arundel, the Viscont Lisle, and the Lord Harrington, all these were embarked the 23 of April, but through contrary winds it was the 25 of April before they arrived at Flushing, and from thence passed through the united Provinces, and through the Dukedom of Cleaveland Gulych, and through the Bishoprics of Collen and Tayer, and through part of Hessia, in all which places they were most kindly entertained, and presented with many princely presents, and being arrived at Heydelberge, they were likewise as joyfully received and welcomed by the Prince's Electors and others with great Triumphs and royal entertainments. The Palsgrave during his abode in England demeaned himself so Nobly, that he won the hearts of the whole Nation, and at his departure he expressed his Princely bounty in gifts and rewards. A janus borne, shipwreck, great flames & fires. The 17 of April 1613. at Alington in Lancashi●e was borne a maiden child, having four Legs, four Arms, two Bellies joined to one back, one head with two faces, the one before and the other behind, and this year likewise was great Shipwreck, by violent tempests, there happened also sundry Inundations, and strange accidents, and much damage done by fire in divers places, The Globe burnt. and upon Saint Peter's day the Globe on the banckside was burned. The Military exercis● of Arms in the Artillery Garden again p●t in practise. The practice of Arms and Military discipline in the Artillery Garden by the Citizens of London, formerly mentioned in the year 1586. being for the space of almost four and twenty years quite neglected and in a manner forgotten, began this year 1613. to be practised in far more excellent manner then formerly, and shortly after upon the example of this warlike exercise of the Citizens of London, than the young Gentlemen of the Inns of Court and Middlesex and others, began the like practice of Arms, in a place called the Covent Garden, and after that they made themselves a more convenient place in a field between Saint james, and Saint Gyles. The 24 of October, Sir Peeksall Brocas doth penance at Paul's Cross. sir Pecksall Brocas knight did penance at Paul's Cross, for standing convicted before the high Commissioners for secret and notorious Adulteries. The 26 of October arrived Olexsey Euanowich Iszazen, Sir john Merick sent Lord Ambassador to Russia. from the young Emperor of Russia Michael Euanowich Vryove, he returned the next spring, and then the King sent Sir john Merricke Knight, Lord Ambassador to the said Emperor, who according to his Commission, with great pains and long travail, made a firm Peace and League between the King of Sweaden and the Emperor of Russia. Thomas Benet, Henry jay, Shrieves. Shrieves. Sir Thomas Middleton Knight Grocer, Mayor. Maior. The 4 of November 1613. Viscont Rochester made Earl of Somerset. the Viscont Rochester was created Earl of Somerset, and Baron of Branspeth, and the same day in the afternoon Sir Edward Cook Knight, L. Cook a Privy Counsellor. Lord chief justice of England was sworn a Privy Counsellor. Sunday the 26 of Decembert Robert Earl of Somerset married the Lady Francis Howard, daughter to Thomas Earl of Suffolk. Earl of Somerset married. Sunday the 2 of january 1613. Prince Henry Frederick borne at Heydelberg. between the hours of twelve and one in the morning, was Prince Henry Frederick borne at Heydelberge in Germany, the first borne son of the most high borne Princess the Lady Elizabeth the eldest daughter of the most High and Mighty Prince james King of Great Britain, and wife to the most Noble Prince Frederick the first Count Palatine, chief of the Prince's Electors, An. reg. 12 1614 he was christened the sixth of March. Sir Ralph Winwood made Secretary, & Sir Thomas Lake a Privy Counsellor. Thursday the 29 of March 1614 Sir Ralphe Winwood Knight, Master of the Requests was sworn principal Secretary of Estate, and Sir Thomas Lake Knight, Clerk of the Privy Signet was sworn a Privy Counsellor. The 15 of june died Henry Earl of Northampton, and was buried in the chapel of Dover castle, Henry Earl of Northampton deceased. he founded three Hospitals, one whereof was at Greenwich, which he ordained should be for ever governed by the company of Mercers of London. Christianus King of Denmark, his second coming into England. In the month of july this year 1614 the King of Denmark with three ships arrived at Yarmouth, accompanied and attended by his Lord Chancellor, and Lord Admiral and divers other of quality and a competent Number of his Guard and others. Friday the 22 of july he came to the queens Court at Somerset house in the Strand, the King of great Britain being then in Bedfordshire riding progress, where having speedy knowledge of his brothers a rival set forward instantly for London, and upon the next Sunday both the Kings, the Queen and and Prince Charles met at Somerset house, where the Bishop of London preached before them. And the first of August the King of Denmark being accompanied with King james and Prince Charles, went by Barge to Woolwich, and to Gravesend, where they dined, and after dinner went aboard the King of Denmark's ship, and there the King of Great Britain took leave of his brother, and returned that night to Theobalds', Prince Charles accompanied his Uncle the next day to Rochester, and and having viewed the Navy Royal, they returned to the King of Denmark's Ship, and the next day Prince Charles returned to London, and the King with a fair wind set sail for Denmark, having every way expressed his Royal bounty as formerly. The thirteenth of july, The Earl of Suffolk Lord Treasurer The Earl of Somerset Lord Chamberlain. Thomas Earl of Suffolk was made Lord high Treasurer of England, and at this time Robert Earl of Somerset was made Lord Chamberlain. This Michellmas Term there was a call of Seargeants at Law, viz. the eleventh of November. A call of Sergeants. At this time was finished and builded the new fair Counsel Chamber for the Lord Maior and Aldermen of London, A new Counsel Chamber for the L. Maior of London. by reason the former Chamber was too little, Sir Thomas Middleton Knight being then Lord Maior. In September there was a general muster of horse and foot throughout the Land, A general muster & training. and therewithal training of soldiers, but chiefly in the City of London by the citizens them●selues, many whereof by their former voluntary exercise of Arms and Military discipline, was now so ready and expert that they taught o●thers. And whereas at this time there was by the Lord Maior and citizens, twenty select●● captains chosen to train and govern th● trained bands of London, viz. six thousand● there were found in the said former company viz. of the Artillery garden, sufficient men ● be their Lieutenants and all other officer's 〈◊〉 the apt and ready training of others, fr●● whom upon good observation all the shires 〈◊〉 England took example: the captains and gen●tlemen of the Artillery garden, demeaned themselves so well, exercising all points of war▪ that it pleased Prince Charles to go in person to the Artillery garden to see their weekly exercise of arms, and to go into Hoxton field to see their great muster and training of the six thousand citizens, which weekly practise now used in the Artillery garden, they were determined to remove from thence, and to hold their usual Marshal meetings and practice of arms in the great third field from Mooregate viz. next the six Windmills, which field, Master Let with great pains hath been divers years a preparing to that purpose. The Thames cleared of Piles, Stops and Weyres. At this time the river of Thames was cleared of stops, piles and weyres by the Water Bayly of London, as he was appointed by the Lord Maior and Court of Aldermen. Master Hugh Middleton, Master Middleton bringeth a river to London. Citizen and Goldsmith of London, borne in Denbighshire having spent five years time with the advise and direction of the best and most skilful Artizens, employed bestowed great sums of money, forced to use seven hundred workmen at one time, and endured infinite Calumny and detraction, he brought a delicate River of sweet water from two plenteous springs, viz. the one whereof is called Chawldwell near Ware, and the other Amwell in Herefordshire, which two springs being united, run jointly together to the northside of London, which River with the Trenches to convey it, and the great Cistern to receive it with great difficulty was brought unto desired effect in Summer, 1613. but the Currant was restrained from running into the Ceasterne until Michaelmas day in the year 1613. And that day there came to behold it the Lord Maior if London, and Sir Thomas Middleton Knight, Lord Maior Elect for the year ensuing, brother to this Mayor Hugh Middleton Master of this memorable work, with many Aldermen, and a great number of grave Citizens and others, who were entertained with excellent Music, and the royal sound of drums and trumpets, & with speeches and other pleasant entertainments, and at the lifting up of the Scluce to let the River run into the Ceasterne there was a peal of Chambers, since which time with all possible expedition this water is conveyed from this Ceasterne by pipes of Elm into all high stré● and chief lanes of the city and the suburbed thereof, the general and particular benefit their of is unvaluable. Shrieves. Peter Proby, Martin Lumley. Shrieves. Maior. Sir Thomas Hayes Knight Draper, Maior. Two Hospitals founded. At this time was founded the Great Hospi●tall at the Charter-house near London, for fourscore men, and forty children, and the new built Hospital at Dulwich in Surrey, read my large book. Great frosts, snow, and great floods. The 17 of january 1614 it began to freeze in ordinary manner, and the 23 of january it began to snow, and continued fréezing, and snowing many days, and upon Sunday the twelfth of February it began to snow most extremely, and continued until the fourteenth of February at noon, and then it abated, and from that time, for many days after it continued fréezing and snowing much or little, until the sixth or seventh of March, by means whereof much cattle perished as Calves and Lambs, Dear and Coneys etc. by reason the earth lay long covered with deep snow, to the great hurt of all manner of cattle, and many were forced to use new devices to fadder, this snow brought extreme danger to all Travaillers, after this snow thawed there followed Inundations, great and violent which did great spoils and damages as you may read in my large book. Tuesday the seventh of March 1614 The King is entertained at Cambridge. the King was royally received into Cambridge, where he stayed until Saturday following, in which space the University entertained his Majesty with learned disputations in Divinity, Philosophy, etc. and with Comodies in Latin and English, with great feasting of the King his Nobility and train, the King in most gracious manner came to them again in May next following, what is more to be said touching his majesties being at Cambridge, I could never learn, notwithstanding my letters and mediation to the Vice Chancellor, therefore I cannot promise any more in my large book. The 25 of March 1615. An. reg. 13 1815 Proclamation against transportation of children, & of gold and silver. proclamation was made to restrain the sending of children over beyond the seas, to make them Roman Priests, jesuits or Seminaries, and there was an other Proclamation made to stay and prevent all further transportation of gold or silver out of this land, upon several penalties, as well to the Counsellor as Transporters. Sunday the 23 of April 1615. Sir George Villers Knighted. George Villers Esquire, was sworn gentleman of the King's Bedchamber, and the next day he was Knighted. The 24 of April there were 18 jesuits and Seminaries taken out of Newgate, jesuits & Seminaries sent to Wisbidge. and six out of the Gatehouse at Westminster, and were all 24 sent to Wishydge. Two Knights of the Garter. The 23 of May were installed Knights of the Garter, the Lord Viscont Fenton captain of the Guard, and the Lord Knowles Master of the Court of Wards. The Lord Hay made a Baron. The 29 of june, james Lord Hay, was created Baron of Sawley in Yorkshire. The next day being Friday, Sir Robe●● Dormer Knight and Baronet, Sir Robert Dormer made Baron. was created Baron Dormer of Wing. The 19 of july Doctor Milburne Deane of Rochester, Doctor Milburne Bishop. was consecrated Bishop of Saint Davies. Proclamation against increase of building about London. At this time proclamation was made again, not only to stay, all further increase of buildings, which were daily erected in and about London, contrary to sundry former Edicts, and thereupon this Proclamation rattified and confirmed all the former Proclamations, and straightly charged all Commissioners in that behalf, to look and search into the depth of all such offenders, and offences, and to punish them accordingly. This Proclamation was dated the 16 of july 1615. And yet for all this, there was wondrous new increase of buildings round about London, chiefly on the northside of the Coven-garden upon a field called Long Acar near Saint Giles in the field etc. Bishop of Winchester a Privy Counsellor. The 3 of August, Doctor Bilson Bishop of Winchester was sworn a Privy Counsellor. This year 1615. was builded a House of Correction for the County of Middlesex near Clerkenwell in a large garden plot, A house of correction builded for the County of Middlesex. purchased by the justices of that county for that purpose the purchase and building whereof cost above five and twenty hundredth pounds, part of which money was the free gift of the justices of the county, and the rest was levied by the Inhabitants. The City of London at the request of the Counsel, gave five hundredth pounds in ready money to make a stock for the said house of correction, but it was employed in the building and furnishing of that house. And then the justices ordained two Governors and a Matron, to order and govern the Vagrants committed to that house, and they to have a salary of two hundredth pound a year allowed them for their pains, In regard of which salary, they do receive the Vagrants, and keep them at work without farther charge to the county, until they be discharged thence by order of the justices of peace. This Summer also was the West Smithfielde of London paved all over, Smithfield paved all over. and strongly Railed in on all sides, and likewise the new raised mount or middle of the Field was strongly Railed abount for the better safety of passengers, and securetie of all that should walk therein from the danger of Coathes, Carts, Horses, Oxen and all other cattle, of all which that field is seldom empty, and the last year the new Palace yard before Westminster-hall was likewise paved, the paving of these two places, was formeth held as strange and difficult to be so fully per●formed, as well for that it was generally sup●posed there could not be sufficient quantic of stones found to repair the daily decay 〈◊〉 London streets, and to pave new them streets, as it was of late years to see most of the high streets of London to be paved all along by their shops sides with broad free stone, which manner of smooth pavement began first by the Goldsmiths and Mercers toward the East end of Cheapside about five years past, and since by degrees many other streets did the like, though very slowly, but the Stationers in Paul's Churchyard in the year 1616 bordered their side in uniform order all in one Summer. The high-cawses in London taken down & made level. And about eight years past the sundry high Cawseses which lay in the midst of divers his streets, and great thorough-faires were taken down, and the streets made sweeter fairer, and more passable, as the Strand, where the first reformation began, in Holborn, in long Southwark, the great highway by the Minors to Algate, from Algate to Whitechapel, which was the last causey that was taken down: there was an other great causey from Bishopsgate to Shoredich-church, there were divers others as in Saint johns-stréete, Barbican, Red-crosse-stréete, White-crosse-stréete, and in other places, the which are all removed and new paved, and no sign remains of any of the former offences or annoyance to passengers or inhabitants, which remove of those sundry broad long & high causes were ever formerly held impossible to be removed, and the streets to be made so sweet and passable as now they are. The 27 of September 1615. The Lady Arbella deceased. died the Lady Arbella in the Tower, she was buried in the Chapel Royal at Westminster. William Gore, john Gore. Shrieves. They were brehrens borne in London, Shrieves. and both free of the Company of Merchantayllers. Sir john jolles Knight Draper Maior. Maior. He builded a Frée-schoole, and eight fair slives houses at Stratford-bow for eight poor families, towards the maintenance of all which he gave fifty three pounds thirteen shillings and four pence a year for ever. And during the time of his Mayralty, Sir john jolles his bounty. he diligently administered justice, and very bounteous and cheerful, he with certain Aldermen, names follow, visited and surveyed the bounds and limits of the River of Thames, and held Courts and juries in sundry places, in this progress, he was as honourable accompanied and attended, as was befitting so honourable a Maistrate of so famous a City as London, the like visitation had not been in about fourscore years before. Monday the 23 of October 1615. Richard Weston yeoman, Weston executed. was indicted and condemned in the guildhall of London for poisoning 〈◊〉 Thomas Ouerbury Knight, and was executed at Tyburn the next Wednesday. Thursday the ninth of November 1615 Anne Turner widow, Mistress Turner executed. was indicted and condemned at Westminster, for being accessary before the murder of Sir Thomas Ouerbury, she was executed at Tyburn the twelfth of November. The Lieutenant of the Tower executed. Thursday the 16 of November 1615. Sir jeruas' Elwese Knight Lieutenant of the Tower, was indicted and condemned in the guildhall, for being accessary before the murder of Sir Thomas Ouerbury, and was executed upon the Tower hill the 20 of November. Franklin executed. Monday the 27 of November 1615. james Franklin Gentleman, was indicted and condemned at Westminster, for being accessary also before the murder of the said Sir Thomas Ouerbury, and was executed at Saint Thomas Awatering upon Saturday the ninth of December. The next year viz. the 24 of May, Frances Countess of Somerset was brought to Westminster-hall, and the next day Robert Earl of Somerset was brought thither likewise, and had their several trials by their Peers, touching the business lastly mentioned, and from thence they returned back again to the Tower. The seventeenth of November 1615. The second Lottery. begins she drawing of the second great Lottery for Virginia. At the end of this year 1615. Captain Benjamin joseph goeth to the East Indies. the East India Merchants sent out six brave ships to the East Indies, under command of Beniamine joseph, an excellent Navigator. The third of December 1515. D. Abbot B. of Sallisbury. Robert Abbot Doctor of Divinity, and brother to the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, was consecrated Lord Bishop of Sallisbury. The three and twentieth of December, The Earl of Pemb. made L. Chamberlain. the Earl of Pembroke was made Lord Chamberlain. The third of januarie, The Earl of Worcester L. Privy Seal. the Earl of Worcester was made Lord Privy Seal. Thursday the fourth of january, Sir Georg Villers Master of the horse. Sir George Villers was made Master of the Horse. The third of April 1616. Sir john Digby made a Prime Counsellor. Sir john Digby Knight, was sworn a Privy Counsellor, and was made Vice-Chamberlaine to the King. At this time Master William jones Merchant, 1616 An reg. 14 Master William jones his Bounty. and free of the Company of Haberdashers of London, gave nine thousand pounds to build twenty Alms houses at Monmouth in Wales, for twenty poor men and women with competent, maintinence for them for ever. He builded there also a fair Free school, the Master thereof to have a hundredth Mark yearly for ever, and the Usher a hundredth Nobles yearly for ever. And at Newland he have likewise five thousand pounds for the maintenance of a Preacher, and for the relief of the poor and others for ever. In London he gave sixteen hundredth pounds, to allow a learned Preacher a hundredth pounds a year for ever. He gave also fourteen hundredth and forty pounds to purchase a yearly relief for ever of nine poor men of the Company of Haberdashers. He have to the four Hospitals of London five hundredth pounds. He gave a thousand pounds to be given to poor Preachers throughout the Land for a present gift. All these his gifts and bounty, he ordained should be for ever at the dispose of the Company of Haberdashers, the full sum of money to the aforesaid uses is eighteen thousand pounds five hundredth and forty, besides his bounty in Hambro and Stood, etc. Sea-coal and Pit-coale make glass and melt Mettles. At this time was brought to perfection the making of all manner of Glass, viz. Venice Glass, and all other sorts of Glasses, by the burning only of Sea-coal, and also the melting of Iron and all other Mettles only with Sea-coal, and also the burning of Brick with Sea-coal, whereof I will say more in my large Book. The ninth of june 1616. Sir Frances Bacon a Privy Counsellor. Sir Francis Bacon Knight, was sworn a Privy Counsellor. Thursday the twentieth of june, the King in person being accompanied with Prince Charles and the great Lords of the Counsel, The King maketh an oration in the star-chamber. went into the star-chamber, and there made an excellent Oration unto the judges and others. Monday the first of july 1616. A Seminary hanged and a woman burned. one Maxfield a Seminary was executed at Tyburn, and the same forenoon a woman was burned in Smithfield for killing her husband. Wednesday the third of july Sir john jolles Knight, The Lord Mayor in person surueieth the bounds of the River of Thames and reformeth, all manner of annoyances. Lord Mayor of London accompanied with Alderman Prescot, Alderman jones, Alderman Rotherham, Alderman Lumley, Master William Gore one of the Shréeves of London, Master jones common Sergeant, Master Smart Sword bearer, Master Sparrey Water Bailiff, with divers other chief officers and gentlemen, went to Survey the bounds, and limits of the River of Thames Eastward, and to cleanse the River of annoyances, and to reform the abuse of unlawful fishing and spoil of Fry etc. And to that purpose kept Court at Gravesend, and gave a jury to make diligent inquiry of all abuses and annoyances, from thence he & his whole train road to Rochester, where the Mayor and Aldermen of that City entertained him and all his train very kindly, and the next morning those three Barges that brought them to Gravesend, being come about, carried his Lordship and the rest from Rochester, Master Rock. to Lée, and Master Rock, The Mayor of Rochester in his own Barge conducted the Lord Mayor as far as his liberties extended, and passing by the King's Castles and Navy Royal, they were saluted with many volleyss of great shot. And being come to Lée, the Lord Maior that afternoon held a Court and gave a jury for Essex as he had done before in Kent, and the next day returned to London, having demeaned himself very Nobly and performed all things very honourably, and given very kind entertainment to such Gentlemen of the several Counties, as came either to see him or observe the carriage of the business, because the like visitation to this purpose had not been in the memory of the oldest man then living. And the 16 of july the Lord Mayor with eight Aldermen kept like Courts at Putney for Surrey, and at Fullham for Middlesex, and the sixteenth of September, the jury for Middlesex made their presentments before the Lord Mayor in Westminster-hall. And the 18 of September, the jury of Kent made their presentments before the Lord Mayor at Detford in the forenoon, & the jury of Essex gave in their Presentments unto the L. Maior at Barking in the afternoon. And the 25 of September, the Lord Maior kept Court again in Westminster-hall in the forenoon, and in Southwark in the afternoon, to take Presentments and give order for reformation. Sunday the 7 of july Doctor Thomas Morton, Deane of Winchester, Doctor Morton Bishop of Chester. was consecrated Bishop of Chester. The same day were installed Knights of the Garter at Windsor, Francis Earl of Rutland, Knights of the Garter made. Sir George Villers Knight Master of the horse, and the Lord Viscont Lisle. At Whitehall the ninth of july 1616. Two barons created. were created Barons, viz. Sir john Hollis Knight was created Baron of Hawghton, and Sir john Roper Knight was created Baron Tynchham of Tyncham in Kent. Tuesday the 16 of july 1616. the Earl of Arondell was sworn a Privy Counsellor. The Earl of Arondell sworn a Privy Counsellor. The 20 of july the Lord Carew was sworn a Privy Counsellor. The Lord Carew a Privy Counsellor. At Woodstock upon Tuesday the 27 of August 1616. Sir George Villers Knight of the Garter and Master of the Horse, was created Viscont Villers, and Baron of Whaddon. Viscont Villers created. By virtue of a special Commission from his Majesty, and from the City of London, bearing date the fifteenth of May this year 1616. Peter Proby Alderman of London, The City of London sendeth Alderman Proby into Ireland to reform abuses, & to ratify good laws and constitutions in the Province of Ulster viz. London's plantation. and Governor for the new plantation of the Province of Ulster in Ireland, accompanied with Master Mathias Springham Merchantailor, and Master Clement Moss Solyciter for London with others, did there establish such Laws and constitutions for the City of London Derie, and the Borough of Colerame, as should thenceforth be observed and kept, according to the Tenor of the King's Charter granted to the City of London in that behalf. The said Alderman Proby by virtue of the King's Commission, did there also Minister oath unto all officers and others, for the well government and making of true accounts. He carried over thither with him two rich swords, the one whereof he delivered to Sir john Vawghan Knight Mayor of Lonon Dery, and the other to Trystram Beryfford Esquire, Mayor of Coleraine for that time being, and to be borne before them and their successors for ever. There was also sent unto the Mayor of London Dery, a great gilded Man being sent him from the Governors and Assistants for that plantation. Alderman Proby with his company went from London the eight and twenty of May last, and returned to London the 28 of August 1616. what is more to be said touching this business, I must refer you to my larger book. The Bishop of Fly a Privy Counsellor. Sunday being Michaelmas day, Doctor andrew's Bishop of Ely was sworn a Privy Counsellor at Hampton Court. The fourth of October Doctor Montague was translated from bath and Wells to Winchester, and forthwith he expelled all Inmates out of Winchester house on the Bankside, reduced divers parts thereof from fowl noisomeness unto sweetness and comeliness, he repaired the whole house throughout, and builded some part new, and enclosed a great part of the wharf, and made a new fair pair of stairs into the Thames, he spent almost three thousand pound in the repair and beautifying this ancient house, which for a long time had been suffered to run to ruin. Allan Cotton, Cuthbert Hacket, Shrieves. Shrieves. Sir john Leman Knight Fishmonger a bachelor Maior. Maior. In his Mayoralty the old ruinous Gate called Aldersgate was quite taken down, Aldersgate new builded. and fairly new builded from the foundation. The river of Thames cleared of shelves in all parts, and the Haven of Queen Hyth cleansed, and likewise the making of the great wharse on the Southside of the river by the Willows, and also the new strict order for the passage of Cars and Carts in the streets, for the preservation of all passengers. Thursday the last of October 1616. viz. Prince Charles created Prince of Wales. Alhollond Eve, Prince Charles came in great state by Barge from Barn Elmes to Whitehall, accompanied & attended by divers great Lords, and others of honourable rank and quality besides his own train, and was most joyfully met at Chelsey by the Lord Maior, Aldermen and Citizens of London, each Company in a several Barge, and distinguished by their several Arms in their rich Banners and stately Streamers, besides the Royal sound of Drum and Trumpet, and great variety of excellent Music, besides all which and the infinite number of people upon the shore and in Boats and Barges to behold this joyful day, there was also at the City's charge in honour of his highness creation more particular pleasant Trophies and Ingenious devices met him upon the water then ever was at any former creation of any Prince of Wales. And upon Monday the fourth of November, at Whitehall, where the King's Majesty invested & crowned Prince Charles Prince of Wales, The Earl of Arondell was then Earl Martial. at this solemn creation were present most of the Nobility of the Land. The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury and divers other Bishops and reverend Prelates, all the judges of the Law, sir Edward Cook only excepted; there were present also the Lord Maior and Aldermen of London, in their scarlet Robes as were the judges. 26 Knights of the Bath made. In honour of this joyful creation, there were made five and twenty Knights of the Bath, who performed all their Ceremonies in the upper Parliament house, and the next Sunday withal Magnifisence being lustily mounted, they road to Whitehall, and were there Knighted by his Majesty. Knights of the Bath. james Lord Maltrevers. Algernon Lord Percy. james Lord Wryothesley. Edward Lord Clinton. Edward Lord Beauchamp. Lord Barkley. Lord Mordant. Sir Alexander Erskin. Sir Henry Howard. Sir Edward Sackuill. Sir William Howard. Sir Edward Howard. Sir Montague Barty. Sir William Stourton. Sir Henry Parker. Sir Dudley North. Sir Spencer Compton. Sir William Spencer. Sir William Seymor. Sir Rowland Saint john. Sir john Candish. Sir Thomas Nevil. Sir john Roper. Sir john North. Sir Henry Carey. In honour of this joyful creation, there were solemn Triumphs performed at Lowdon in the County of Salop, the fourth of November, and published by Master Daniel Powel Gentleman. Also in honour of this creation, there were forty young gentlemen selected out of the four junes of Court who fought at Barriers, viz. the one half against the other. Barons created. Thursday the seventh of November Thomas Elsmer Lord Chancellor of England was created Viscont Brackley. And William Lord Knowles was created Viscont Wallingford, and Sir Philip Stanhope Knight, was created Baron of Shelford, and upon the next Saturday the Lord Maior feasted the Knights of the Bath. The Lord Chief justice of the King's Bench put from his place. Saturday the 16 of November 1616. Sir Edward Cook Knight was discharged from his Office, viz. from being Lord Chief justice of the Kings Bench. Monday the 18 of November Sir Henry Montague Knight, the King's Sergeant at Law was sworn Lord chief justice of the Kings Bench. Sir Henry Montague Lord chief justice of the Kings Bench. This Summer, and harvest was so dry, that passengers were annoyed with dust in the highways the 20 of November. A dry Summer. Sunday the 8 of December 1616. Arthur Lake Doctor of Divinity was consecrated Bishop of bath and Wells. Two Bishops consecrated. Lewis Bayly Doctor of Divinity, was consecrated Bishop of Bangor. The Archbishop of Spalleto arriveth in England. Monday the 16 of December 1616. Marcus Antonius de Domynis, Archbishop of Spalleto in the Territory of Venice, was very honourably entertained and received at Lambeth by the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury with whom he remained, and writ a brief declaration of his Reasons for leaving that Prelacy, and forsaking his Native Country, which Book was presently published in eight Languages, and dispersed through Europe: and in Summer following he printed in London the first four of his ten books, entitled of the Commonweal of the Church. Monday the two and twentieth of December, Sir Thomas edmond's a Privy Counsellor. Sir Thomas edmond's Knight, Ambassador Leger in France was sworn a Privy Counsellor, and made controller of the King's household, and the Lord Wotton was made Treasurer of the King's household. Sunday the fifth of january the Lord Viscont Villers was created Earl of Buckingham at Whitehall. Earl of Buckingham created. Twesday the fourth of February 1616. Earl of Buckingham a Privy Counsellor. the Earl of Buckingham, was sworn a Privy Counsellor. Twesday the 13 of February, the King in person sat in the star-chamber, The King sitteth in the star-chamber. and made an excellent Oration to the Lords, and to the judges, unto whom he gave a charge and direction how they should proceed in the Circuits. Shrove Twesday the 4 of March, Disordered youths many disordered persons of sundry kinds, amongst whom were very many young boys and lads that assembled themselves in Lincoln's Inn field, Finsbury field, in Ratliffe and Stepney field, where in riotous manner they did beat down the walls and windows of many victualling houses, and of all other houses, which they suspected to be bawdy houses, And that afternoon they spoiled a new Playhouse and did likewise more hurt in divers other places, in pulling down walls and windows, and spoiling of householdstuff, and were so headstrong, that they dispightfully used and resisted the Shrieffes of London and the Constables and justices of Middlesex. Whereupon the Lords of the Counsel by the King's appointment, ordained divers of the Chief justices of Middlesex to be Provost Marshals, and to execute Marshal Law if the like occasion should happen. Shrove-twesday the fourth of March this year 1616. the Queen feasted the King at her Palace in the Strand, Denmark house. formerly called Somerset-house, and then the King commanded it should no more be so called, but that it should from henceforth be called Denmark-house, which said Denmark-house the Queen had many ways repaired, beautified, new builded and enlarged, and brought to it a pipe of conduit water from Hyde-parke. Sir Francis Bacon Lord Chancellor. The seventh of March, the Great Seal of England was delivered to Sir Francis Bacon Knight the King's Attorney, and was then made Lord Keeper, and the next day toward Evening died the Lord Elismer late Lord Chancellor, and the fourth of january following, Sir Francis Bacon Lord Keeper was made Lord Chancellor. Sir Henry Yeluerton the King's Attorney. When Sir Francis Bacon was made Lord Keeper, than was sir Henry Yeluerton Knight the King's Solicitor made the King's Attorney, and Master Thomas Coventry Esquire Recorder of London was made the King's Solicitor, and was Knighted the 16 of March. Friday the fourteenth of March 1616. The King rideth into Scotland. the King being accompanied with the Queen and Prince Charles, and many of the Chief Nobility and others, went from Whitehall to Theobalds', and from thence the King with his appointed train set forward toward Edinburgh, the next Monday being Saint Patrick's day. And upon his majesties return to London, The King returneth from Scotland. viz. the 15 of September next following, the King came from Windsor to London, and was met at Hyde-parke by the Lord Maior and Aldermen, and above four hundredth of the chief Citizens with chains of gold, and well mounted, the Lord Maior presented the King with a purse, and in it five hundredth pieces of gold called the Unity, and there the King Knighted sir Anthony Ben Recorder of London. The 20 of March 1616. The Lord Hay a Privy Counsellor. the Lord Hay was sworn a Privy Counsellor at Hynching-brooke. Sunday the 23 of March 1616. Lord noel created. at Burley on the hill in Rutland-shire, sir Edward noel Knight and Baronet, was created Lord noel of Rydlington. At this time near Wapping, A new Chapel of ease builded. in the Parish of Whitechapel, was new builded a very fair large Chapel and a Churchyard to it, which were consecrated the 7 of july 1617. by the Lord Bishop of London. Upon Michaelmas day Doctor Montague Lord Bishop of Winchester was sworn a Privy Counsellor at Hampton Court, The Bishop of Winchester a Privy Counsellor. and that day at that place Sir john Villers married Frances the daughter of Sir Edward Cook Knight. Shrieves. William Hallyday, Robert johnson, Shrieves. Maior. Sir George Bolles Knight Grocer, Mayor. Ambassadors from Russia. Twesday the fourth of November, here arrived Stephen Euanowich Lieutenant of Rasco, and Mark Euanozin Posdieof, of one of the three Chancellors of Russia, from the late mentioned Michael Pheodorowich Emperor of Russia, they had audience the next Sunday, and upon Now years day the King feasted them and their chief followers and attendants at Whitehall, being fifty in number, their whole Train was 75. The L. Hay married. Thursday the 6 of November, the Lord Hay married the Lady Luce, daughter to the Earl of Northumberland. The L. Archbishop of Spalleto preacheth in London. Sunday the last of November 1617. the Lord Archbishop of Spalleto, preached at the Marcers' Chapel in the Italian tongue, there were present the L. Archbishop of Canterbury, the L. Chancellor, the Earls of Arondell & Pembroke Lord Zowch, the Lord Compton, and many others of great note, he preached there again upon Sunday the ninetéenth of April 1618. Sunday the fourteenth of December, at ●●●beth were two Bishops consecrated, viz. Two Bishops Consecrated. 〈◊〉 Felton Master of Pembroke-hall was consecrated Lord Bishop or Bristol, and Doctor Montaigne Deane of Westminster, was consecrated Lord Bishop of Lincoln, at this Consecration were present and assistant at the imposition of hands with the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord Archbishop of Spalleto, the Bishops of London, Ely Rochester and Lichfield. Monday the four and twenty of December 1617. The second son of the Lady Elizabeth born at Heydelberg. was borne Charles Lodowick at Heydelberg about four a clock in the morning, and was christened in March following, Prince Charles' was out of his Godfathers. At this time the Appothecaries of London obtained a corporation for themselves and their successors for ever, The Appothecaries London made a particular Company. and by Letters pattented were made a Body Politic and Corporate, and that all such as use and profess the Apt, and Mystery of Appothecaries within London and the Suburbs thereof, and within seven miles' compass thereof, shall be ordered and governed by the Master, Wardens and society of the Art and Mystery of the Appothecaries, Edmond Philips was the Master, Stephen Hyggines, and Thomas Fanes were the first Wardens. New years day being Thursday 1617. George Earl of Buckingham was created marquess of Buckingham at Whitehall. Marks of Buckingham created. Thursday the eight of january 1617. Sir Robert Manton Knight was sworn the King's Secretary. Sir Robert Manton Secretary. This years fleet to the East Indies. At the end of February this year 1617. the Company of the East India Merchants sent nine brave goodly ships well appointed to the East judies. And Sir Thomas Dale Knight went General, this was the first fleet of the second joint stock. At the beginning of this month of April 1618. An. reg. 16 1618. the Lord De la Ware with about eight score persons, viz. men & women, went the second time to Virginea to make good the plantation the Lord De la Ware at his first being in Virginia through extremity of sickness was constrained to return for England about six years past, The Lord De La War his second going to Virginia. and could not recover his perfect health until the last year, in which he builded a very fair ship, and went now in it himself, Captain Spilman. and after him went Captain Henry Spilman with thirty persons, this Captain Spilman had been formerly ten years in Virginia, knew most of the Kings of that Country, and spoke their Languages very understandingly. The Palace of Paris burned The seventh of March this year 1617. about one a clock at midnight, there was seen in the air over the Pallas of Paris in France, a flame of fire (as it were a Star of a Cubit long, and a foot broad, which fired the Palas, and with extreme terror and violence burned it down, and therewithal burned the ancient Records of France, and the Pictures and Statues of the Kings of France, this fire notwithstanding the readiness of water, and twenty thousands of willing persons endeavouring to quench it, yet it continued about twenty hours, in which space it also burned a prison, with great damage to other houses and Tradesmen, great Pillars and Arches of stone burned with great flames as if they had been made of Timber and commixed with Brimston, Chagford in Devonshire. and the first week of this month of March, happened in the Town of Chagford in Devonshire, at a Court of Stanery, a wall fell down and after that part of the house, and five Master Nicholas Eueligh then Steward of that Court, and two of his servants. And Master Richard Cottell of the Middle Temple Esquire, Sol and Mars were in coninuction at that time. and seven other) there were also about thirty persons sore hurt, within few days of these two accidents above said, the townhouse of Delft in Holland by negligence was set a fire and quite burned down. Martin Fotherbie Doctor of Divinity, Doctor Fotherbie Bishop of Salisbury. and Chaplain to the King's Majesty, one of the Canons of Christ-church in Canterbury, borne at Grimsby in Lincolnshire, he was Kinsman, Pupil and Chaplain to the good Archbishop Whitegift, and was Consecrated Bishop of Salisbury upon Sunday the ninetéenth of April 1618. by the most Reverend Father in God Doctor Abbot, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. Sir Dudley Digs sent Ambassador to the Emperor of Russia. This month of May, 1618. the forenamed Russia Ambassador with his Train returned, and Sir Dudley Digges Knight was sent Ambassador to the Emperor of Russia from his Majesty. William Parker Citizen and Merchantaillor of London, The upper part of Paul's new glassed and repaired. died about two years past, and amongst other things which he gave to Pius and Public uses, he gave a thousand pound towards the new building of Aldersgate, which was employed therein according to the Tenor of his Will, he gave also five hundredth pounds towards the new glazing of the decayed windows in the upper part of Paul's Church in London, and the same to be done in rich coloured glass with Effygies and holy stories as it had been formerly glazed and adorned, the first window whereof being new made was prepared and appointed to be set up on the northside of the Choir in the month of june, this year 1618. and much of the old glass repaired the decay of divers broken windows. Dura enim est Historiographorum conditio, si vera dicant, homines provocant; si falsa scripturis commendant, Dominus, qui vera dicta ab adulteris sequestrate, non acceptat, saith Matthew of Paris. Of the Universities in England, and Colleges of the same, with the Founders and principal Benefactors. I Have before time rejoiced (saith Erasmus Rotterdam) that England was so well furnished with so many men of excellent learning, but now I begin to envy her felicity, for that he so flourisheth with all kind of literature, that by taking the commendation thereof from the other regions, she doth as it were marvelously obscure them. And yet notwithstanding, this commendation is not as now first due to England, in the which (it is well known) have been of long time men of great learning. The Universities prove this to be true, which both for their antiquity and worthiness, contend with the most ancient and worthy Universities in the world. Peter College was erected of t●o ancient Hostels, Peter College. sometime belonging unto the Brethren of the sect called De poenitentia jesu Christi) by Hugh Balsam, sometime Subprior of Ely. 1256. This Hugh was afterward the tenth Bishop of Ely, and finished this College in Anno 1248. Clarehal. Clare Hall was first builded by Richard Badow, than Chancellor of the Students there, and the same was called University Hall. 1326. It was since that enlarged by Gualther Thansteed Master of the same hall, who with consent of the said Richard Badow resigned the foundation thereof to Elizabeth Lady of Clare, third daughter of Gilbert, and sister and one of the heirs of the last Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester, who was first married to john Bourgh, Earl of Ulster in Ireland, after to Theobald of Verdon, and thirdly to Sir Roger Damary, and had issue by them all: she I say named it Clare Hall. Pembroke hall. Pembroke Hall w●s founded by Mary of Valentia, daughter to Guydo Earl of Saint Paul in France, wife to Adomate de Valentia Earl of Pembroke. She obtained of King Edward the third, whose cozen she was, to found this College in her own ground, with purchasing two or three t●nements thereby, and named it Aula de Vale●ce Marie, An. 1343. Corpus Christi College. Corpus Christi College was first begun to be builded by the Aldermen and brethren of Corpus Clristi Guild. This College was brought so far forth; she rather by the help of Saint Mary's Guild and fraternity, newly adjoined to the other Guild. In the year 1353. they did elect Henry Earl of Derby and Lancaster, who should obtain them favour for the purchasing of Mortmain, for such lands and tenements as after many did sell t'him. This Earl of Derby in the 28 year of Edward the third was created the first Duke of Lancaster, and then they elected him their Alderman, who recognized their statutes, not by the Duke's seal, but by the seal of the Alderman of that Guild. Trinity hall was first an hostel, Trinity Hall. purchased by john Cranden, sometime Prior of Ely, who procured it for his brethren, the Monks of that house, to be students there in the time of Edward the third, which hostel was afterward purchased by William Bateman Bishop of Norwich, who builded this College of Trinity hall upon the said ground, being the first founder thereof; he deceased in the year of Christ 1354. Gunuile and Caius College was first founded by Edmund Gunuile, Gunuile and Caius College. sometime Parson of Terington in Norfolk, he gave it to name Gunuile Hall as appeareth by his statute 1354. At his decease, leaving a good mass of money, commended the further finishing of the same Hall to William Bateman Bishop of Norwich, who with the assent of the Aldermen and Brethren of the Guiles of Corpus Christi and our Lady, changed with them the said house, with their house called the Stonehall, where now Gunuile and Caius college standeth. john Caius Doctor in Physic, sometime fellow and late Master of the same college, hath enlarged the house, and now made a second foundation, with giving certain manors and lands to the same, 1557. King's College was first founded by King Henry the sixth, King's College. in Anno 1441. The same King altered the form of his first foundation, Anno 1443. Edward the fourth in displeasure of the first foundation, withdrew from the college so much land as the first founder had given them: but afterward he restored them to the inheritance of five hundred marks. After him, Henry the seventh finished that notable chapel, begun by Henry the sixth, to the glazing stalls, and paving with marble, which was done by King Henry the eighth. Queen's College. Queen's College was begun by Lady Margaret, wife to King Henry the sixth, 1446. She procured Mortmain 100 l. by year, Anno 1448. At the intercession of Andrew Ducket, sometime Principal of Barnard hostel (which hostel he gave to the said college.) He was Parson of Saint botolph's in Cambridge, who by his own money and help of others, purchased certain tenements, and builded his college, being the first Precedent of the same, who gave as well by his life, as by his Testament, divers ●ummes and parcels of land, and also procured ●ertaine gifts of the Duke of Clarence, of Cecily Duchess of York, of Richard Duke of Glo●ester, of Anne Duchess of the same, of Edward Earl of Salisbury, Maude Countess of Ox●ord, and Marmaduke Lumnee Bishop of Lin●olne, with divers other. Elizabeth wife to ●ing Edward the fourth, finished that which Queen Margaret had begun in the year ●465. Katherine Hall was founded by Robert Woodlarke, Doctor of Divinity, Katherine Hall. and Provost of the King's college, and Chancellor to the University, as is testified by the charter of King Henry the sixth, bearing date the 37 of his reign, which was the year of Christ, 1459. jesus College was founded by john Alcock, jesus College. the 29 Bishop of Ely, who did convert the Monastery of S. Radigond (the Abbess living a dissolute life, the Monastery then destitute of government, the edifices then fallen into ruin, and ●n conclusion, the Nuns departing thence, leaving it desolate) into a college of chaplains and scholars, the year 1496. This Alcocke borne at Beverley, founded a Frée-schoole at Kingston upon Hul, and a school ●n the southside the Parish church of the Trinity, wherein his parents were buried. The rents of jesus College have been more amplified by Sir Robert Read Knight, Doctor Elestone, Doctor Roiston, and Doctor Fuller. Christ's College. Christ's College was founded by King Henry the sixth, who named it God's House, 〈◊〉 was sometime a great hostel so called, first fo●●●ded by W. Bingham, Parson of Saint Sakery London, and other. King Henry the seue●● granted his Charter to Lady Margaret his ●●ther, Countess of Richmond and Derby, to ●●●crease the students there, translating at her 〈◊〉 position, so that from thenceforth it should 〈◊〉 called Christ's College. S. john's College. S. john's College being first an hostel of religious Canons, was erected by Nigellus the s●●cond Bishop of Ely, Treasurer to King Hen●● the first, the year of Christ, 1134. Those Canons lived by the name of the Hospital and Brethren of Saint john, until the year of Christ 1510. though at that time so 〈◊〉 decayed, that there was but a Prior and two Brethren, and by the dilapidations of their goods movable, and unmovable, they abuse their revenues and within the space of ten years last passed, from the sum of one hundred and forty pounds, to thirty pounds, etc. Whereupon Henry the eight, Richard Bishop of Winchester, john Bishop of Rochester, Charles' Somerset Lord of Herbert, Thomas Lovel, Henry Marne, and john Saint john, Knights, Henry Horn, and Hugh Ashron Clerks, Executory 〈◊〉 the Testament of Lady Margaret, Countess 〈◊〉 Richmond and Derby, grandmother to Kin● Henry the eighth, and mother to King Henry the seventh, upon the suppression of the said Priory, she being prevented by death, leaving behind her sufficient goods, and committing the 〈◊〉 to those her said friends and executore, they erected the said College, 1511. Magdalene College was first an hostel or hall, Magdalen College. inhabited by divers Monks of sundry Monasteries; Edward Duke of Buckingham translated the same to a College, naming it Buckingham College, who builded up the Hall in the year of Christ, 1519. After him Thomas Audley of Walden sometime Chancellor of England, took upon him to be founder of the said college, and going about to establish the same, was prevented by death, so that what he had begun, he left unperfect, and altogether unfinished. Christopher Wray Lord chief justice of England repaired and beautified it. Trinity College was founded by King Henry the eighth, in the year of Christ, 1546. Trinity College. The college was builded in the plot where sometime Edward the third builded his house called the King's Hall, in the year of Christ 1337. There was joined unto this Hall, a college called Michael House, with an hostel called Phiswicke hostel, and after the building there (being made of three) King Henry the eight named it Trinity College. Queen Mary augmented it with 338 pounds' lands the year. Michael House was founded by Harvey de Stanton, Priest, Michael house. Chancellor of the Exchequer to Edward the second, of whom he obtained 〈◊〉 to erect the said college, in the year of our Saviour Christ 1324. Emmanuel College. Emmanuell College founded by sir Walter Mildmay, in Anno 1584. Sussex Sidney College founded. Sussex Sidney College, was founded in the year 1598. by the right Honourable the La●● Francis Sidney, sometime Countess of Sussex. And thus much in brief, concerning the University of Cambridge with the Colleges and Halls in the sa●●. The University of Oxford was instituted by King Alfred a Saxon, after the birth of Christ 873. years: and hath Colleges. University College, University College. or Saint Marie Church (as some have written) founded in the time of King Alfred, by Sir William Archdeacon of Duresme, in the year 873. But more likely by William Bishop of Duresme, in the 12 year of William Conqueror, in Anno 1081. Balliol College was founded in the time of Henry the third, by john Balliol, Balliol College. father to john Balliol King of Scotland, in the year of Christ, 1263. Merton College was founded in the reign of Henry the 3. Merton College. by Walter Merton sometime Canon of Paul's, and also of Salisbury, at a Town in Surrey by Nonsuch, called 〈◊〉, Anno 1264. And after, in Edward the first time, being Bishop of Rochester, he translated i● to Oxford, and deceased. Excester College. Excester college was founded in the time of Edward the second, by Walter Stapleton Bishop of Excester, 1156. And augmented in the time of our Sovereign Lady Queen Elizabeth, by Sir William Peter knight, in the year of Christ, 1566. Orial College. Oriall College was founded in the time of Edward the second, by Sir Adam Browne, Almoner of the said King, and for the said King, the year of Christ, 1323. Queen's College: Queen's College was founded in the time of Edward the third, by Robert Englishfield in his own ground, and by him called the queens Hall. He was chaplain to the Lady Philip, wife to the same Edward, the year of Christ, 1340. New College. New College was founded in the time of King Edward the second, by William Wickham Bishop of Winchester, the year of Christ 1379. Edmond Grindall Archbishop of Canturbury, was a benefactor of twenty pounds the year, beside books and places. William Wickham also founded a college in the city of Winchester, by the like name of New College in Anno 1389. Lincoln College. Lincoln College was founded in the time of King Henry the fifth, by Richard Fleming Bishop of Lincoln, 1440. And augmented in Richard the third time Thomas Rotheram Bishop of Lincoln in the 〈◊〉 1479. All Souls College, All Souls College. was founded in the time King Henry the sixth, by Henry Archbishop of Canturbury, in the year 1437. King Henry the 〈◊〉 gave it to sour Prior's aliens, to wit, Al●●erbury in Salope, Runmey in Kent, Langua●th in South-Wales, Wedon Pinkney in Northamptonshire: and therefore is he in the ●●●ord called the founder of that college. Chichley also founded Bernard College in Oxford, since suppressed by Henry the 8. and now re-edified by Sir Thomas White, and by him called Saint john's College. More, he founded a college at Higham ferris, with Almshouses there. Divinity School was founded in the reign of Henry the sixth, Divinity School. by Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, 1447. He gave 129 books to the Library there. Magdalen College was founded in the time of King Henry the sixth, Magdalen College. by William Wamflet Bishop of Winchester, 1459. He builded a good part of Eton College, begun by King Henry the sixth. He builded a frée-schoole at Wamflet in Lincolnshire. Brasen-nose College was founded in the reign of King Henry the seventh, Brasen-nose College. by William ●mith Bishop of Lincoln. He deceased in the year 1513. Corpus Christi College was founded in the Corpus Christi College. reign of King Henry the seventh, by Richard Fox Bishop of Winchester in the year 1516. Christ Church was founded in the time of Henry the 8. Christ, Church. by Thomas Wolsey Cardinal and Archbishop of York, in the year of Christ 1539. And finished by the same King Henry the eight in the year 1549. Canterbury College. Canterbury College in Oxford founded by Simon Islip Archbishop of Canterbury in the year of our Lord 1353. And lately suppressed in the 31 year of King Henry the eight, was joined to Christs-church●● in Oxford. Trinity College sometime Durham College. Trinity college was founded and so named in the time of Queen Mary, by S. Thomas Pope Knight in Anno 1556. which college was first founded in the time of King Edward the third by Thomas Hatfield Bishop of Durham, and by him named Durham college for eight Monks, and seven clarks, admitted by the Prior of Durham, there to study, Anno 1370. Robert Walworth Prior of Durham endowed it with 3 ●●nates of land, etc. in Readington and Clarton, ● the adnowsion of the church of Readington, which college at the suppression by King Henry the eight, might dispend land as the same was the● valued by the Visitors 115 pounds, four shillings four pence. Saint john's College was founded and is named, in the time of Queen Mary by Sir Thomas White Merchantailor, Anno 1557. which College sometime called Bernard's College, S. john's College sometime Bernard College. being amongst other suppressed in the time of King Henry the eight, and greatly ruinated, the same Sir Thomas White purchased, and after bestowed large sums of money in building thereof, and did lay the same College in very good land near to the University of Oxford, to the yearly value of 500 pounds which he purchased with his money, and hath left order to make it dispend six hundred pounds the year. Also the same sir Thomas White, founded a hall for students, by him called Saint john's Hall, sometime Gloucester College, founded by john Glifford for Monks: which College being suppressed, he redeemed from spoil and waste with his money, placing there a Principal and Scholars to the number of an hundred persons or more made great reparations of the house, and adjoined it to his said College of Saint john. Wadham college was founded in the year 1613. Wadham College founded. by Nicholas Wadham of the county of Somerset Esquire, and Dorothy his wife, sister to the right honourable, john Lord Peter of Writle. Oxford hath Halls. Brodegate Hall. Heart Hall. Walter Stapleton William Wanstock Magdalene Hall. Alborne Hall. Saint Mary Hall. White Hall. New Inn. Edmond Hall. In the Universities of England (saith Erasmas Roterodam) there be certain colleges, in the which there is so much Religion, so straight Discipline, and such integrity of life, that if you did see it, you would neglect in comparison of them, all Monkish rules and ceremonies. All the cities in England, many market towns and some villages, have free Grammar schools erected in them, for the further increase of learning and virtue. Virtuous men have, to the perpetual registering of their good names, done these good deeds: learned men have not been all the doers: Some therefore for the supply in other, of that which wanted in themselves, have done wisely, all to this purpose (that virtue and learning united and knit together, might in this courage make a learned virtuous world) have done godly. It were much (there are so many) in a small room to comprehend them, but the chief and worthy patterns of the rest are: Eton School. Henry the 6. 1443 Westminster. Queen Elizabeth. Winchester. W. Wickham Bishop of Winchester. 1387 Paul's School in London. john Collet. 1510 Saint Antony's in London by john Tate: Merchantailors school in London, by the Merchantailors. 1560 How a man may journey from any notable town in England to the City of London, or from London to any notable Town in the Realm. The way from Walsingham to London. FRom Walsingham to Picknam. xii. mile From Picknam to Brandom ferry. x. mile From Brandon ferry to Newmarket. x. mile From Newmarket to Braban. x. mile From Braban to Barkeway. x. mile From Barkeway to Puckrich. seven. mile From Puckrich to Ware. v. mile From Ware to Waltham. viii. mile From Waltham to London. xii. mile From Berwick to York, and also to London. FRom Berwick to Belford. xii. mile From Belford to Anwick. xii. mile From Anwicke to Morpit. xii. mile From Morpit to Newcastle. xii. mile From Newcastle to Durham. xii. mile From Durham to Darington. xiii. mile From Darington to Northalerton. xiiii. mile From Northalerton to Topcliffe. seven. mile From Topliffe to York. xvi. mile From York to Tadcaster. xvi. mile From Tadcaster to Wentbridge. xii mile From Wentbridge to Doncaster. viii. mile From Doncaster to Tutford. xviii. mile From Tutford to Newarke. x. mile From Newarke to Grantham. x. mile From Grantham to Stamford. xvi. mile From Stamford to Stilton. xii. mile From Stilton to Huntingdon. ix. mile From Huntingdon to Roysten. xv. mile From Royston to Ware. xii. mile From Ware to Waltham. viii. mile From Waltham to London. xii. mile From Carlisle to Doncaster, and so to London. FRom Carlisle to Hasket gate. viii. mile From Hasket gate to Pirath. viii. mile From Pirath hardby to Apelbie. x. mile From Apelby to Burghley. vi. mile From Burghley to the spital. viii. mile From the spital to the Bows. viii. mile From the Bows to Grethaw bridge. iiii. mile From Grethaw Bridge to Catrike Bridge. x. mile From Catrike bridge to Limon. vi. mile From Limon to Borowbridge. xii. mile From Boroughbridge to Wetherby. viii. mile From Wetherby to Aberforth. v. mile From Aberforth to Ferrybridge. seven. mile From Ferrybridge to Doncaster. x. mile From Doncaster to London as afore. From Carnarvan to Chester, and so to London. FRom Carnarvan to Conway. xxiii. mile From Conway to Denbigh. xii. mile From Denbigh to Flint. xii. mile From Flint to Chester. x. mile From Chester to Which. xiiii. mile From Which to Stone. xv. mile From Stone to Lichfield. xvi. mile From Lichfield to Colsill. xii. mile From Colsill to Coventry. viii. mile And so from Coventrie to London as hereafter followeth. From Cokermouth to Lancaster and so to London. From Cokermouth to Kiswicke. v. mile From Kiswicke to Grocener. viii. mile From Grocener to Kendale. xiiii. mile From Kendale to Burton. seven. mile From Burton to Lancaster. viii. mile From Lancaster to Preston. xx. mile From Preston to Wigam. xiiii. mile From Wigam to Warington. xx. mile From Warington to Newcastle. xx. mile From Newcastle to Lichfield. xx. mile From Lichfield to Coventry. xx. mile From Coventry to daintry. xiiii. mile From daintry to Tocester. x. mile From Tocester to Stonystratford. vi. mile From Stonystratford to Brickhill. seven. mile From Brickhill to Dunstable. seven. mile From Dunstable to S. Alban's. x. mile From S. Alban's to Barnet. x. mile From Barnet to London. x. mile From Yarmouth to Colchester, and so to London. FRom Yarmouth to Becclis. viii. mile From Becclis to Blybour. seven. mile From Blybour to Snapbridge. viii. mile From Snapbridge to Woodbridge. viii. mile From Woodbridge to Ipswich. v. mile From Ipswich to Colchester. xii. mile From Colchester to Eastford. viii. mile From Eastford to Chelmsford. x. mile From Chelmsford to Brentwood. x. mile From Brentwood to London. xv. mile From Dover to London. FRom Dover to Canterbury. xii. mile From Canterbury to Sittingborne. xii. mile From Sittingborne to Rochester. viii. mile From Rochester to Gravesend. v. mile From Gravesend to Datford. vi. mile From Datford to London. xii. mile From S. Burien in Cornwall to London. FRom S. Burien to the Mount. xx. mile From the Mount to Thury. xii. mile From Thury to Bodman. xx. mile From Bodman to Launstone. xx. mile From Launstone to Occumpton. xv. mile From Occumpton to Crokehornewell. x. mile From Crokehornewell to Excester. x. mile From Excester to Honiton. xii. mile From Honiton to Charde. x. mile From Charred to Crokehorne. seven. mile From Crokehorne to Shirborne. x. mile From Shirborne to Shaftsbury. x. mile From Shaftsbury to Salisbury. xviii. mile From Salisbury to Andevor. xv. mile From Andevor to Basingstocke. viii. mile From Basingstocke to Hartlorow. viii. mile From Hartlorow to Bagshot. viii. mile From Bagshot to Stanes. viii. mile From Stanes to London. xv. mile From Bristol to London. FRom Bristol to Maxfield. x. mile From Maxfield to Chapnam. x. mile From Chapnam to Marleborough. xv. mile From Marleborough to Hungerford. viii. mile From Hungerford to Newburie. seven. mile From Newburie to Reading. xv. mile From Reading to Maidenhead. x. mile From Maidenhead to Colbrooke. viii. mile From Colbrooke to London. xv. mile From S. David's to London. FRom Saint David to Axford. xx. mile From Axford to Carmarden. x. mile From Carmarden to Newton. x. mile From Newton to Langburie. x. mile From Langbury to Brecknock. xvi. mile From Brecknock to Hay. x. mile From Hay to Harford. xiiii. mile From Harford to Roso. ix. mile From Roso to Gloucester. xii. mile From Gloucester to Cicester. xv. mile From Cicester to Farington. xvi. mile From Farington to Abington. seven. mile From Abington to Dorchester. seven. mile From Dorchester to Henly. xii. mile From Henly to Maidenhead. seven. mile From Maidenhead to Colebrook. seven. mile From Colebrook to London. xv. mile FINIS. The principal Fairs of England and Wales, orderly set forth; with the month, Day, and Place, where they be kept. Fairs in january. THe iii day at Llanibither. The xii day at Salisbury. The seven. day at Llanginnie: the xxv. day (Conversion of S. Paul) at Gravesend, at Bristol, at Churchingford, at Northalerton in Yorkshire every Wednesday from Christmas till june: the xxxi. day at Llandyssell. Fairs in February. THe first day (Bridget) at Bromley: the two day at Maidstone, at Bath, at Linne, at Bicklesworth, at Budworth, at Reading, at Faringdon, at the Vizes in Wiltshire, at Godlemew, at Whiteland. The three at Boxgrove, at Brimley. * See the Records in the Rolls. The sixth at Stafford for three days, for all kind of Merchandise, without Arrests. The viii. at Tragarron: the ix. at Llandaffe. The xiiii. at Owndle in Northamptonshire at Feversham in Kent: the xxiii. at Vppingham in Rutlanshire, at Higham-ferries, at Baldock, at Walden, at T●wkesbury, at Froome, at Henly upon Thames. Fairs in March. THe first day at Llangadog, at Madrim, and at Llangevelah. The viii day at Tregarron: The xii day at Stamford, at Sudbury, at Wooborne, at Wrexham, at Bodnam, at Spaford: the xiii. at Wye, at Mountbowin in Cornwall: the xvii. at Pattrington: The xviii. at Sturbridge. The xx. at Durham, at Alesbury. The xxiiii. at Llanerchimeth. The xxv. at Northhampton, at Malden, at Cardigan, at Malpas, at Saint Alban's, at Huntingdon, at Newcastle, at Ashwell in Hartfordshire, at great Cartwalden in Essex, at Saint jones in Worcestershire, at Woodstock. The xxxi. day at Malmesbury. Fairs in April. THe two. day at North-fléete, at Rochfort, at Hitchin. The three day at Leek in Staffordshire. The v. at Wallingford. The seven. at Derby. The ix. at Billingsworth. The xxii. at Stabford, the xxiii. at Northampton, at Chichester, at Tamworth, at Ipswich, at Charing, at Amptill, at Hinningham, at Saint Pembs, at Bury, at Wilton, at Wortham, at Brewton, at Castle Combs, at Bewdley, at Lonquer, at Riliborough, at Bishops-Hatfield, at Gilford, at Nutlay in Sussex, at Engfield in Sussex, at Brigstocke, at Sabrigworth in Hartfordshire. The xxv. at Cosbrooke, at Buckingham, at Inings in Buckinghamshire, at Derby, at Winchcomb in Gloucestershire, at Calne in Wiltshire, at Cliff by Lewis in Sussex, at Dunmow in Essex, at Vttoxeter. The xxvi. at Tenderden in Kent, at Clete. Fairs in May. THe first day at Leicester, at Warwick, at Oswestrée, at Kinuax, at Worseworth, at Brickhill, at Congerton, at Reading, at Stow the old, at Pombridge, at Chensford, at Perin, at Andover, at Maidstone, Llatrissent, at uske, at Grighonell, at Rippon, at We●dore, at Blackborne, at Flockingham, at Laighton, at Phillipsnorton, at Stokerley, at Lerfield, at Ocestrie, at Linfield, at Stanstead. The two. at Pwltheley. The three at Noneaton in Warwickshire, at Ratsdale in Lancashire, at Waltham Abbey, at Elstow a village by Bedford, at Bramyard, at Hinningham, at Chersay, at Chipnam, at Cowbridge at Abergavenny, at Mounton, at Denbigh, at Mirthir, at Tiduile. The v. at Marchenleth. The vi. Almesbury, at Hoy, at Knighton. The seven. at Beverley, at Newton in Lancashire, at Oxford, at Stratford upon avon, at Hanslop, at Bath, at Hatesbury: the ix. at Maidstone: the x. at Ashburn in the Peake: the xi. at Dunstable: the xii. and xiii. at Greys Thorrocke in Essex: the xv. at Welshpoole: the xvi. at Llangarranogge: the nineteen. at Odchill, at Rochester, at W●llow, at Manfield: the xxv. at Blackborne: the xxvi. at Lenham: xxix, at Cambroke. Fairs in june. THe three day at Ailesbury. The ninth at Maidstone. The 10. at Marfield, at Newborough in Lancashire, at Okingham, at Holt, at Wellington, at Llanwist, at Newcastle in Emli●, at Kingwilgaio. The 13 at Newtowne in Kedewen. The 14 at Bangerk: the 15 at the Vizes at Pershore, seven miles from Wocester. The 16. at Newport in Keames, at Bealth. The 18. at Higham-ferries, at Tow-greene, at Hadstocke, at Llanuilling: the 19 at Bridgenorth: the 21. at Ystradmeyricke: the 22. at Shrewesbury, at Saint Albon: the 23. at Barnet, at Castle Ebichen, at Dolgelly. The 24 at Westchester, at Colchester, at Wakefield, at Horsham, at Wenlocke, at Croyden, at Bedford, at Bramsgrove, at Barnewell, at Gloucester, at Lincoln, at Peterborow, at Windsor, at Halifaxe, at Lancaster, at Ashburne, at Bishop's castle, at Tunbridge, at Leicester, at Boughtongréene, at Kerkhame in Aundernesse, at Hartford, at Kingston in Warwickshire, at Reading, at Ludlow, at Romford, at Pemsey, at Shaftsburie, at Bricknock, at Preston, at York, at Bosworth, at Aukenburge, at Weston, at Ashburne in the Peake, at Hurst, at Crambrocke in Kent, at Warmester in Wiltshire, at Farnam, at Harstone in Norfolk, at beadle, at Stracstocke, at Beverley. The 26. at Northop: the 27. at Folkstone, at Burton upon Trent, at Llandogaine: the 28. at Royston, at Hescorne, at Pombes, at Matchenleth: the 29. at Munstrill in Leicestershire, at Woluerhampton, at Sarstrange, at Lower Knots-ford, at Woodhurst, at Wem, at Mansfield, Southam, at Tring, at Bolton, at Bilballenec, at Peterborough, at York, at Onay, at Buntington, at Vpton in Worcestershire, at Witney in Oxfordshire, at Holdworth, at Gray's, at Thurrocke in Essex, at Hornedon, at Sudbury in Suffolk, at Lemster, at Gorgange in Lancashire, at Peterfield, at Ashwell, at Westminster, at Sinnocke in Kent, at Stockworth in Lincolnshire, at Marleborow, at Bromley in Lancashire, at Buckingham, at Barkhamstead, at Tring, at Bemington, at Hodsdon, at Stafford, at Mount-sorrell, at Llanbeder, at Pont-stephen, at Cardiff, at Llamergaine, at Bala: the 30. at Maxfield in Cheshire. Fairs in july. THe two. day at Congerton, at W●borne, at Huntingdon, at Ashton under line in Lancashire, at Smeath in Kent, at Rickmansworth in Hartfordshire, at Swanley. The three at H●●uerson. The v. at Burton upon Trent. The vi. at Llanidlae, at Lanibither. The seven. day at Canterbury, at Albrighton, at Vppingham, at Chip●pingnorton, at Vlzes, at Burntwood, at Cappell-frith, at Richmond, at Tenburie, at Haverfordwest, at Treshenimicha, at Emlin, at Castlemaine, at Denbigh, at Sweaton, at Shelford. The xi. at Patacy, at Lid. The. xv. at Pinchbacke, at Gréenestead in Sussex. The xvii. at Leek, at Winchcomb, at Saint Kenelmes', at Llanuilling. The xx. at Awserton, at Bowli●, at Uxbridge, at Catesby at Saint Margaret's, at Odiham, at Chimmocke, at Bolton in the Moor, at Barkeway, at Ickleton in Cambridgeshire, at Betley, at Tenbie, at Neath, at Llanymthinery, at Woodstock. The xxii. at Stonystratford, at Kimolton, at Bicklesworth, at Bridgenorth, at Barnard's castle in the North, at Yarn in Yorkshire, at Broughton in Furnace, at Clytherall in Lancashire, at Keswicke in Cumberland, at Batlefield by Shrewesbury, at Northwich in Cheshire, at Stockbury, at Kingston, at Marleborough, at Turbury, at Witherall, at Colchester, at Calne, at Coolaige, at Yadland, at Maudlin-hill by Winchester, at Newarke upon Trent, at Roking in Kent, at Maudlin-hill by Heydowne in Yorkshire, at Ridwallie, at Withgrig, at Ponterley. The xxiii. at Chestone, at Carnarnon. The xxv. at Saint james by London, at Saint james by Northampton, at Bristole, at Derby, at Dudley, at Chichester, at Stone, at Shisnal, at Stamford, at Louth, at Lyverpoole, at Thrapsto, at Barcamstead, at Buntingford, at Doncaster, at Baldock, at Walden, at Tilburie, at Ipswich, at Ravenglasse, at Erith, at Bromley, at Ashwell, at Hatfield, at Breadoke, at Reading, at Chilholme, at Dover, at Malmesbury, at Aldergame, at Broomesgrove, at Camden, at Wigmore, at Chickham, at Trobridge, at Rosse, at Machenbleth at Landengeiram, at Capell-Iago, at Stackpoole, at Bisetour at Linfield, at Kirtham the Isle, at Wetherby in Yorkshire, at Themblegréene, at Skipton in Craven. The xxvi. at Tiptry at Bewdley, at Raiadargwy. The xxvii. at Chappelfrith, at Richmond in the North, at Warington, at Horsham, at Canterbury, at Malpasse, at Ashford. Fairs in August. THe i. day at Shrewesburie, at Loughborough in Leicestershire, at York, at Newcastle upon Trent, at Selby, at Newton in Lancashire, at Dunstable, at Bedford, at Saint Needs, at Yelland in Yorkshire, at Northam-church, at Selborne, at Exeter, at Thack●●ead, at Rumney, at Mailing, at Feversham all th●● in Kent: at Wisbitch, at Horseney in Holde●nesse, at Hay, at bath, at Karmarthen, 〈◊〉 Ka●rgwilly, at Llantrissent, at Chepstow, 〈◊〉 Llaurwen, at Flint: the 4. at Linton, at R●●nor: the ninth, at Aberlew: the tenth, at M●ton Mowbra, at Chorlay, at Rugby, at Chidl●●, at Owndle, at Sedole in Yorkshire, at Weydon, at Frodisham in Cheshire, at Banbury, at New Brainford, at Wilton, at Waltham Abbey, at Alchurch, at Farneham, at Wor●ster in Wiltshire, at Hungerford, at Hawckhurst, at Blackamoor, at Mearworth, at Ludlow, at Saint Laurence by Bodwin, at Winstow, Toucestour, at Kellom, at Sherborne in Yorkshire, at Doncaster, at Croyley, at ●●garron, at Haliegh, at Diffringoly which, at Newborough, at Kenwilgaio, at Harley: at Marras. The xv. day at Hinckley in Leicestershire, at Saint Alban's, at Belton, at Huntingdon, at Preston in Aundernesse, at Wakefield, at Carlisle, at Gisborough, at Goodhurst, at Cambridge, at Dunmow in Essex, at Stroud by Rochester in Kent, at Northampton, at Luton, at Dryfield in Yorkshire, at Elsemere, at Tutbury, at Hinkley, at Marleborough, at Whitland, at Kardigan, at Rosse, at Swansey, at Eglwysuait, at Yminith, at Newin, at Newport in Munmouthshire. The xvi, at Rayaydargwy: the 24. at London, at Nantwich at Riddermuster, at Pagets' Bromley, at Harewood, at Croyley in Lancashire, at Northalerton, at Tuddington, at Faringdon, at T●wksbury, at Sudbury, at Norwich, at Dover, at Oxford, at Chorley, at Beggar's bush beside Rye, at Bromley, at Alborough in holderness, at Watford in Hartfordshire, at Aberconwey, at Mummouth, at Mountgomery. The xxviii at Ashford, at Sturbridge in Worcestershire, at Talisarnegréene, at Welshpoole. The xxix. at Watford, at Coby in Lincolnshire, at Karmarthen, at Brecknock, at Kaerwis. The Sunday after Saint Bartholomew at Sandbich. Fairs in September. THe first day S. Giles, at Chappel-filuy, at Neath. The iiii. at Oakham. The seven. at Ware, at Woodburihill. The viii. at Sothwarke nigh London, at Sturbridge, at Wakefield, at Waltham on the Woulds, at Gisborough both the Lady days, at Brewood, at Drayton, at Blackborne, at Northampton, at Atherston, at Vlcester, at Gliborne, at Worseworth, at Chaul●on in Cheshire, at Partney, at Bury in Lancashire, at Huntingdon, at Wol●epit, at Westneme, at Chattom, at Smeath, at Raculuor, at Snide, at Malden, at Rockingham, at Hartford, at Drifield, at Llandissell, at Kardigan, at Whitland, at Cardiff, at Tenby, at Bewmorris. The xiii. at Pwlhely, at Newtowne in Redwin. The xiiii. at Newport: at Chesterfield: at Richmond: at Rippon in the North: at Stratford upon Anon, at ●arseley: at Hetsburie: at Smalding, at Waltham Abbey, at Penhad, at Wotton under hedge, at Barseley, at Hidome in holderness, at Denbigh, at Newborough, at Rosse: at Mun●ton: at Abergavenni. The xu at Raiadargwy. The xvii. at Cliff, a Llanidlasse. The xx. at Llanuellie, at Kothin. The xxi. at Nottingham, at Strafford: at Shrewesburie, at Peterborough, at Kingston in Warwickshire: at Holden in holderness, at Mayden-brackley: at Daintry in Northamptonshire: at Baldock, at Bedford at Saint Edmondsburie, at Woodstock, at Lentham, at Eastrid at Milnall, at Clanone, at Braintrie, at Wendover, at Dover, at Witherall, at Katherine-hill by Gilford, at Malden in Essex, at Croyden, at Vizes, at Marleborough, at Canterbury, at Abergwilly, at Knighton. The xxiii. at Pa●cridge in Staffordshire a great Horse fair, at Malton a great fair of horses and of cattle all the week long in Yorkshire: at Llanuillin●● The xxviii. at Dolgeth, at Kaermarthen. The xxix. at Leicester, at Westchester, at Lancaster, at Blackborne, at Ashorne, at Tuddingtin, at Saint Iues, at Saint Alban's, at V●bridge, at Highamferries, at Brunningham, at Selby, at Killingworth, at Ludlow, at Balmestocke, at Newberry, at Michael Deane, at Canterbury, at Sittingborne, at Woodham ferry in Essex, at Kingstand, at C●ke●mouth, at Basingstoke, at Maldon an Horsefaire, at Wayhill by Andover, at Bookeham, at Headly, at Buckland, at Bishop stratford, at Shelford in Bedfordshire, at Hull, at Merthir, at Llanuihangell, at Aberconwy, at Llocher, at Machenleth, at Llnidlasse, at Wemer seven days, at Hay. Fairs in October. THe Monday after Saint Michael, at Falseley. The three at Boulton in the Moors. The iiii. at Saint Michael. The vi. at Saint Faiths besides Norwich, at Havent in Hampshire, at Maidstone in Kent. The viii. at Hereford, at Bishopsstratford, at Chichester, at Swansey, at Llambedder▪ at Pont-stephen. The ix. at harbour in Leicestershire, at Gainsborough, at Blithe in Nottinghamshire, at Ashborne in the Peake, at Sabridgeworth in Hartfordshire, at Hodnet, at Devizes. The ix and tenth days at Greys Thorrocke in Essex: the xii. at Boulton in Furnace, at Llangoneth. The xiii. at Edmondstow in Nottinghamshire, at Tamworth, at Drayton, at Cruston, at Stapforth, at Gravesend, at Hitchin, at Royston, at Windsor, at Marshfield, at Colchester in Essex, at Staunton, at Charing, at Aberfrow, at Newport in Monmouthshire, at Leighton-bussard. The xviii. at Welingborough, at Burton upon Trent, at Bridgenorth, at Tisdale in Darbishire, at Wyham, at Barnet, at Banburie, at Middlewich, at Bishops-hatfield, at Ely, at Brickhill, at Newcastle, at Faringdon, at Charing, at Henly in Arden, at Marlowe, at Vphaven, at Tunbridge, at As●well, at York, at Thirst, at Wrickley, at Holt, at Charleton, at Lawhadden, at Kidwelly, at Iske, at Radnor. The nineteen. at Saint Frideswides by Oxford. The xxi. at Coventrie, at Newmarket, at Stokesley, at Cicester, at Lentham, at Saffronwalden, at Hereford, at Llanibither. The xxiii. at Whitchurch, at Lower Knotisford, at Ratsdale, at Bicklesworth, at Preston. The thirty. at Beverly: the xxviii. at Warwick, at Ashby de la Zouch, at Lamster, at Preston in Andernes, at Stanford, at Hartford, at Oxford, at Biddenden, at Waxmester in Wiltshire, at Willon, at Aberconwey, at Llanedy. The xxix. at Talisarnegréene. The xiii. at Stokesley, at Wakefield, at Ruthin, a Pwshely, at Abermarles. Fairs in November. THe i. day at Bricklesworth, at Ludlow, at Kellome, at Castlemaine, at mountg●mmery. The two. at Loughborow, at Leek, at Marfield, at Blechingley, at Mayfield in Sussex, at Bishop's castle, at Elsemere, at Kingston upon Thames, at York in Petergate. The three at Kaermarthen. The v. at Welshpoole. The vi. at Newport pond in Essex, called Cole fair; at Wellington, at Pembridge, at Salforth▪ at Lessorth, at Stanley, at Trigney in Cornwall, at Andiver, at wet-shod, at Hartford, at Mailing in Kent, at Bedford, at Marron in holderness, at Brecknock. The x. at Lenton by Nottingham seven days, at Rugbie, at Wem, at Shifnall, at Llambither, at Aberwingrin: the xi. at Marleborow, at Dover, at Fockingham, at Newcastle in Emlin, at York, at Botingam in Yorkshire, at Shaftesbury, at Tlathara Maies at Aberkenuen, at Monmouth, at Tream, at Withgrig. On Monday after Saint Martin, at Englesrow in Kemes, at Carnarvan. The xiii. at S. Edmondsburie, at Gilford in Surrey. The xv. at Llanithinery, at Machenleth. The xvii. at Harlow, at Hide, at Northampton, at Spaldocke, at Lincoln. The nineteen. at Horsha in Kent. The xx. at S. Edmondsbury in Suffolk, at Health at Hide, at Ingerston. The xxii. at Penibont, at Sawthey. The xxii. at Sandwich, at Ludlow, at from, at Tuddington, at Kates-crosse by Prittlwell in Essex, at Bwelth, at Bangor, at Carline. The xxv. at Highamferries. The xxviii. at Ashborne in the Peake. The 29. at Lawrest. The 30. at Boston a Mart, at Cublay in Darbishire, at Kimolton, at Bedford in Yorkshire, at Warington, at Gargrave, at Wakefield, at Baldock, at Peterfield, at Colongborough, at Amptill, at Cobham, at Maidenhead, at Rochester, at Gréenestéed in Sussex, at Ocestry, at Bewdley, at Mayden-brackley, at Narbert, at Pecorées in Gower, at Gargréene, at Preston, at Harleight, at Bradford. Fairs in December. THe v. day at Pluckley, at Dolgeth, at Newton. The vi. at S. Needs, at Northwich in Cheshire, at Arundle, at Spalding, at Exeter, at Cased, at Hendingham, Sevenoeke in Kent, at Woodstock, at Grantham, at Hethin, at Hornesay. The seven. at Sandhurst: the viii. at Leicester, at Northampton, at Malpasse in Cheshire, at Clitherall in Lancashire, at Kinnax, at Heirsome, at Whitland, at Kardigan, at Bewmarris at Llanunen: the xxi. at Hornebie in Lancashire. The 22. at Llandilavaw: the 29. at Canterbury, Salisbury, Royston. A Note of the movable Fairs here in England. THe three Mondays next after Twelft day, at Hincklay in Leicestershire: the Twesday next following Twelft day, at Melton Mowbray, an Horsefaire at Salisbury. The Thursday after Twelft day at Banburie, at Litterworth in Leicestershire: and every thursday after for 3 weeks. The Ash-wednesday, at Lichfield, at Tamworth, at Dunstable, at Fakinghame, at Royston, at Eton by Windsor, at Exeter, at Cicetour, at Candaine in Glocestershire, at Tunbridge in Kent: the first Monday in Lent at Abington, at Winchester, at Chichester, at Cherlay in Surrey. The first Twesday in Lent at Bedford: the first Thursday in Lent at Banbury. On Mid-lent sunday at Standford, at Odsham, at Saffron Walden: the Friday, and saturday before Care-sunday at Hartford. The Monday before our Lady day in Lent at Kendal, at Wisbitch, at Denbigh in Wales: the fifth sunday in Lent being Care-sunday at Hartford, at Grantham at Salisbury, at Sudbury, at Helxsome in Sussex. On Palm sunday even at Pumfract, and every fortnight until Trinity-sunday, and that is three weeks betwixt: and every fortnight after till S. Andrewsmas at Leicester, at Alesbury, at Skipton upon Craven, at Fockingham, at Wisbich. On Palme●unday at Worcester, at Billingsworth, at Kendal in Lancashire. On Maunday-thursday at Kettering, at Sudmyster in Essex. On good Friday at Millonie. On Monday in Easter week at Gainsborough a Mart, at Onay in Buckinghamshire, at Drifield in Yorkshire: On Twesday in Easter week at Longner, at Coventry, at Hitchin. And a fortnight fair begins the Twesday in Easter week, and continueth every Twesday fortnight until Christmas, being great fairs of cattle: the Tuesday and Wednesday at Brailes, at Sandbatoth, at Rochfort, at Northslect. On the Wednesday in Easter week at Wellingborough, every Wednesday between Easter and Michaelmas, a fair of cattle at Beverley. On Friday in Easter week at Skipton in Craven. On Low-sunday at Bicklesworth in Buckinghamshire. The Monday after Low-sunday at Enlome. The third Sunday after Easter at Lowth in Lincolnshire. Rogation week, all the week is for retailing at Beverley, at Inglefield in Lancashire, at reach. Holy Thursday, or ascension day, at Litterworth, at Hallaton in Leicestershire, at Rippon, at Brunningham, at Wigham, at Bishop Stratford, at Newcastle, at Middlewich, at Burton upon Trent at Chapplefrith, at Stapport in Cheshire, at Yarn, at the Vizes, at Brastead in Kent, at Sudmaster in Essex, at Darkin, at Grantham, at Beverley. The Sunday after ascension day at Tharstead, at Bur●ington in Yorkshire. On Whitsun even at Skipton in Craven, at Wisbitch. On Whitsonday at Ratisdale, at Leutham, at Kerby Steven in Westmoreland, at Ryhill, at Cribby. On Whitson-monday at Darrington in the North, at Burton, at Midlome, at Harsl-gréene in Lancashire, at Oundle in Northamptonshire, at Whitchurch, at Biclesworth, at Saint Iues, at Sléeforth in Lincolnshire, at Cokermouth in the North, at Salforth, at Exeter, at Easdome, at Apleby, at Rygate, at Sitingbridge at Bradford, at Amerson, at Dryfield in Yorkshire, at York, at Agmonham, at Stokechéere. On Whitson-tuesday at Melton Mowbray, at Longuer in Staffordshire, at Ashby, at de la zouch in Leicestershire, at Higher Knotsford in Cheshire at Oringstoke, at Laighton Buzzard, at Farringdon in Berkshire, at Perith in Cornwall, at Long-guilford, at Canterbury, at Rothford in Essex, at Lewis in Sussex, at Chipping at Daintry in Northamptonshire. On Wednesday in Whitsun week at Leek in Staffordshire, at Sandborow, at Royston, at Newarks upon Trent. On Thursday in Whitsun week at Kingston upon Thames, at Cockfield. On Friday in Whitsun week at Derby, at Cockfall. On Trinity even at Skipton in Cravon, at Punfract, at Rowel in Northamptonshire for six days. On Trinity Sunday at Southcane in Yorkshire, at Kendal, at Hounslow, at Stokesley, at Saint Mary Awke, at Tunbridge. On Trinity Monday at Watford, at Spilby, at Ray in Essex. On Corpus Christi day at Coventry, at Stamford, at Banbury, at Stopport, at Prescoate, at Saint Needs, at Hallaton, at Newberie, at Saint Annes, at Hemptstead, at Bishop Stratford, at Rosse. The Sunday next after Trinity-Sunday at Belton. On the Eve and on the Feast or day of Apostles Peter & Paul, at Greys' Thorreck in Essex. On Relic Sunday, which is the sunday fortnight after Midsummer, at Fodringay. The sunday after the third of july at Haverhull. The sunday after Saint Bartholomew, at Sandbitch in Cheshire. The Twesday after Michaelmas at Salisbury. The Thursday after Michaelmas at Banburie. FINIS. A Table of These Particular Notes following, GAllen. page 15 The first Imperial crown of gold. page 17 The original of the Patriarchy of Constantinople. pag. 17 The death of Saint Jerome. pag. 17 Saint Patrique. pag. 18 Rome spoiled by the Goths. pag. 18 The death of Saint Augustine. pag. 18 A strange pestilence. pag. 23 The life and death of the false Prophet Mahomet. pag. 24 Clocks and Dial's appointed. pag. 26 The tyranny of justinian the Emperor. pag. 28 France spoiled by the Saracens. pag. 31 Germany converted. pag. 30 Saxony converted. pag. 31 The Original of Flanders. pag. 31 Solemn music in Churches. pag. 31 The Bishoprics of Hambro and Bream founded. pag. 32 The original of Normandy. pag. 33 The Danes and Norweys converted. pag. 35 The translation of the Empire. p. 36 The Gamoth invented. p. 37 The end of the race of Charlemaigne, and the beginning of Hugh Capet. p. 38 Lubeck founded. p. 40 Frost five months together in England. p. 44 Goodwynsands. p. 49 The conquest of jerusalem by Godfrey of Bolloigne. p. 50 The Story of Lybussa and Velasca, with her Army of Ladies. p. 56 johannes de Temporibus. p. 60 Gratianus. p. 62 London Bridge built of timber. p. 64 York burned. p. 67 Paris streets and London streets paved. p. 68 A fish like a man. p. 69 The jews commit great outrages. p. 71 The first Kingdom of Tartars. p. 78 London Bridge built of stone. p. 79 Three thousand persons spoiled upon London Bridge. p. 81 Winchellea destroyed by a strange inundation. p. 94 The Shepherds of England and France go a pilgrimage. p. 95 The twelve Peers of France ordained. All the youth of London sworn. p. 96 The Saracens attempt to spoil Christendom, with other things of note. p. 97 Strange tempest: the first great rot of sheep. p. 102 The original of the Knight's Templars▪ Knights of Rhodes and Malta. p. 104 justices punished, fifteen thousand jews banished. p. 109 Sea-coal forbidden to be burned near London. p. 113 The French King burneth infected persons. p. 116 The jews in Germany burned. ibid. A terrible mortality with other things of note. p. 118, 119. and 100.126 The most honourable order of Knights of the Garter. p. 129 The misfortune of five great Princes. p. 131 A serpent in England with two heads. p. 133 The staple of wool removed. p. 143 A wondrous mortality in England of great note. p. 136 The famous Poets, Francis Petrarch and john Boccace. p. 139 Tamberlayne taketh Bajazeth, & rescueth Constantinople. p. 149 The first Duke of Milan, with other things of note. p. 154 The first impost of salt in France. p. 161 The King of England's Seal used in Paris, with other things of note. p. 163 Francis Sforce made Duke of Milan. p. 167 The King of England crowned in Paris. p. 169 George Scanderbag. p. 174 The original of Printing. p. 178 An admirable sudden pestilence in Paris. Rome taken and sacked by the Duke of Bourbon, vide in Anno 1526. The first Duke of Florence. p. 219 The last Duke of Milan. p. 222 Barbarosso King of Argier. p. 232 The house of Ferneze made Dukes of Parma. p. 250 The last fall of base money in England. p. 282 The Archbishop of Collen expulsed for marrying a wife. p. 341 The Prince of Orange slain. p. 340 Antwerp besieged. p. 348 Captains of the Artillery Garden. p. 359 The Patriarch of Greece selleth his dignity. pag. 371 The Duke of Guise slain, and the French King slain, being the last of the house of Valois, the house of Navarre succeed him, the misery of Paris during the siege, and a brief touch of some of the chief ancient Kings of France. p. 379 The Civil Law reduced into order. p. 398 The original and State of Venice. p. 464 FINIS.