Soli gloria Deo. CERTAIN RARE AND NEW INVENTIONS for the Manuring and Improving of all sorts of Ground.  
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, FOR the help and Instruction of all those that having any barren Land or other, and that are desirous to use the same unto their best Profit and the public Good.  
AT LONDON, Printed by B. A. and T. Faucet, and are to be sold by H. SEYLE, dwelling at the Tygres-head in Fleetstreet. 1636.  
CUM PRIVILEGIO.   

THE EPISTLE TO THE READER.  
COurteous Reader, I have here laid open unto thy view certain Instructions in points of Husbandry that as yet hath not been Practised by any, such as are in use already I will not undertake to teach nor yet to treat of; Although I think it were not a labour superfluous, by reason that Husbandry is not a needless thing, but a principal supporter and main Pillar both in Church and Commonwealth; yea it is that, that our GOD hath ordained to be the sustentation of our natural Lives.  
The prosperity of this Science presageth Plenty, it presageth Health, it presageth Wealth, it presageth Life, and maketh glad the Heart of man; but the contrary presageth Penury, Famine, and woe: For, if this Science thriveth, the whole Land thriveth, but if it faileth, who is it that feeleth not some smart thereof; and therefore, if all or the greatest part in some kind or other partake of the Calamities that ensueth through the unskilfulness of the Husbandman, I hope there is none either so foolish, or wicked, as to be offended at any that shall endeavour in a lawful sort to discover any thing, that may be helpful to the Husbandman, and that may further his skill in Husbandry.  
The Husbandman perhaps may think, it only belongs unto him to discourse of Husbandry; but I must tell him, and all others of the like mind, That it is the duty of every one (so fare as they are bound to procure the Public good) to produce some thing or other, if they can possibly, that may further the good of Husbandry: Indeed, look how much the Soul in excellency exceeds the Body, & Celestial things exceeds Terrestrial; so fare doth the science of Divinity exceed all other Sciences; but excepting the Science of Divinity, no Science is of that antiquity, worth, and excellency (in my judgement) as is this Science of Husbandry. And although many other sciences are of more esteem in the world than this, yet innumerable are there that have passed their whole lives, some others the greatest part of their lives without the help of diverse of them; yet never any passed through any one part of their lives without being beholding unto this Science; and therefore I cannot but marvel to think how many great wits have been employed to illustrate, and set forth other Sciences, and how few have bend their minds to perfect this Science, when as there is both matter superabundant, and reason sufficient to induce men thereunto.  
In Martial affairs the skill and direction of some great man, as of the General oftentimes, doth profit more in the battle, than the skill and courage of the Soldiers; And the prescription of the Physician is a direction unto the Apothecary: And the skill of the Pilate is of more worth for the preservation of the Ship, than the toil and labour of the Mariner: And shall we think it would not profit Husbandry, if such as are of a deep judgement should but bend their minds and frame their studies, for the discovery of such points of Husbandry, as may serve for use and direction unto the Husbandman, whom the continual toil and daily care they undergo will never suffer them to become so truly ingenious, as to descry in this Science any more than what they may discern with their bodily eyes, nor yet all that. Some may think perhaps meanly of a subject of this nature; and yet I doubt not, but that moderate men may be exercised in such Points of Husbandry as I shall here discover, with as great delight and profit, as they shall desire:  
I shall not at this Impression, publish all the skill I have attained unto in this Science, neither shall I describe all the several Instruments and Inventions to be used in those points of Husbandry, as I shall here now treat of, because I shall want words that may express the particulars of the same, for new Inventions must have new nominations, both of the things themselves, and also of the particulars thereof; And when both the thing itself the Names, and the Particulars, are all unknown unto the Reader, the description thereof would but puzzle him, and so tyre his affection, before he would attain unto the true knowledge and use of the same; therefore at the end of this little Treatise, shall all such as are desirous to receive further instructions concerning the same, be directed where they may both see the several Engines and Inventions, & also receive further information therein if they please.  
I will not stand much to entreat for acceptation, for I know men will accept of it according as they found it, only this I must say, I hope there is none of so evil a nature, as to take it in evil part; and if that I found it to be well taken, I shall with the greater alacrity discover other Points of the like nature more freely and fully hereafter, and unto all those that shall found or discern any good by any thing herein declared, my desire is, that they would give the Lord the glory thereof, whom I take to be the revealer of all true and lawful Mysteries; and therefore, the glory of the same to be due unto him only, if any thing herein seem imperfect, that attribute to my insufficiency.  
As for the Subject, it is of such a nature that it will not admit of an high style, nor Rhetorical phrases, neither is it necessary in such a subject, to speak above the capacity of Husbandmen, who most commonly are illiterate; therefore in this work, I have rather endeavoured plainly and briefly to deliver the several Directions and Instructions herein contained, then Amply or Elegantly to writ of the same: And howsoever I may be censured by any; yet my comfort is, the Lord knoweth that in undertaking this task, my aim is, and ever shall be the glory of God, and the public good of my native Country, in which mind, I hope ever to subsist and rest,  
Always studying and endeavouring the same: I. S.   

The Contents of this little Treatise.  

THe first Chapter. Sheweth certain Causes of Barrenness.  
The II. Teacheth the use of a new Invention, called a Seed-barrow.  
The III. Containeth Instructions concerning the Manuring-Plow.  
The FOUR Containeth Instructions concerning the Manuring-Waggen.  
The V Sheweth how to prepare your Ground for the Manuring Waggon, or the Seed-barrow.  
The VI Shows how to prepare Dung, Chalk, Lime, Marle, or any other manure, to use in your Manuring-Plow, manuring-Waggen, or in your Seed-barrow.  
The VII. Declareth the several Benefits arising through the use of the Manuring-Plow, the Manuring-Waggen, or of the Seed-barrow.  
The VIII. Containeth certain Notes and Observations in Sowing.  
The IX. Teacheth the use of the Manuring-Barrow.  
The X. Shows the several benefits arising through the use of the Manuring-Barrow.  
The XI. Sheweth the use of the Manuring-Stone, Corroding-Harrowes, or Corroding-Rakes.  
The XII. Teacheth the use of the Horse-Rake.  
The XIII. Teacheth how to found out the nature of Grounds.  
The XIIII. Sheweth how to produce good store of Manure, and Dung.  
The XV. Shows how to Manure your ground without Dung.  
The XVI. Sheweth how to destroy Heath, Brakes, or any other Shrubs.  
The XVII. Concerneth the making of some certain Barren ground, although not worth yearly, 12. d. the Acre, to become worth 30. or 40. s. an Acre yearly.    

Certain Rare and new Inventions, for the Manuring and Improving of Ground of all sorts.  

PART. 1.  

CHAP. I Certain causes of Barrenness.  
IF I should treat of all the causes of Barrenness, my discourse would be too tedious for so short a Treatise as now I intent; therefore I will omit to speak of some causes, until I shall more Copiously writ of this subject, and yet being it is the property of a good Physician to discover first the Malady before he prescribe the Remedy, so will I first show some of the causes of sterility and Barrenness, that do most concern us, and that therefore we have most reason to take notice of, before I discover those several points, and directions in Husbandry, that hereafter I shall lay open.  
The first Cause the which I shall but now name, and indeed which is the main cause, is the curse of God upon the Earth for Sin: For the other, they are but subordinate unto this; As the Prophetical King declareth; The Lord maketh a Fruitful Land barren, for the wickedness of them that devil therein; and this we may observe to be effected daily, as it were by diverse and several means, for sometimes by excessive showers the fatness of the Earth is washed away, and sometimes the purest of the Earth by boisterous Winds is driven away, whereby Barrenness by degrees doth ensue daily, as daily experience may testify, if we do but consider how Hills and high grounds that lie most subject to the wind and weather, are ever of all other the most Barren, and although by these and other means, the Lord doth produce Barrenness, yet he hath so ordained, that in the sweat of our brows we may get our Bread out of the same; and therefore we are to endeavour, as much as lieth in us, both to pacify the wrath of God by our repentance and new obedience through our Lord and Saviour jesus Christ, and also to use the best means we can attain unto to procure the Fertility of the same; therefore let no man think or once imagine, that the more skill and means he doth attain unto, that the less need he hath of God's help, and so become the less religious, for the more skill and means we attain unto, the more in duty do we become bound unto GOD for imparting his blessings unto us, and also the more our endeavours are, the greater will our damage be, if the blessing of God be not upon our endeavours, and therefore the more that our endeavours are, and the more our skill and knowledge is, the more careful aught we to be in the service of God, that so the Lord may be mov●d thereby still to enlarge his blessings and favours utno us; For our aptness to forget God when we enjoy his blessings in great plenty, causeth him to deprive us of those blessings oftentimes; therefore let every one that would be a profitable member in the Church and Commonwealth, be both dutiful in the service of God, and diligent in the labours of his Calling; for although the Lord hath as it were left it in the power of man to Till and Manure the ground, and to make it fertile, yet we cannot be ignorant how that there is a sovereignty belongs to God, and that many ways the Lord both can and doth oftentimes destroy the Fruits of the Earth; as sometimes by Blast, sometimes by Mildeawes, sometimes by Caterpillars, sometimes by one Creature, sometimes by another, and sometimes by unseasonable weather, and therefore let our skill and industry be never so great, yet let us remember ever that we stand in need of God's blessing: and that if we are not careful servants unto the Lord, we are neither faithful servants nor yet profitable subjects, either unto our King or Country.  
The other causes of Barrenness, I shall discover at another time, and in the mean time I shall humbly crave every one in their several callings, to remove these causes already mentioned; first by their true repentance and new obedience, and secundarily by their diligent and lawful endeavours, according to those several directions, as hereafter in order shall follow.   

CHAP. II. Instructions concerning the use of a new Invention, called a Seed-barrow.  
THE first things that I will speak of, shall be of those that are of the most general use, and that first of all of the Seed-barrow, an invention necessary for every one that Soweth any kind of Grain, and is to be used in manner following; when you are ready to sow, you must bring your Seed, and also your Manuring-powder made of fine mellow dung, in sacks or other vessels, as you please, into your Field, and place half your powder and half your seed at the one side of your Field where you begin to sow, and then place the other half of your Seed and powder at the other side of your Field, that so you may have your Seed and powder in a readiness at each lands end to trim your Barrow therewith, for it is not good to overcharge your Barrow at a time with your Seed or powder; and therefore at every Lands end you should put about such a quantity of Seed and powder into your Barrow as will be spent in going once from the one side or end of your Field unto the other, and not more, because at every lands end, you may supply the same with case, you also must use more Powder than Seed; and therefore, you must provide five or 6. bushels of manuring Powder or more, for every one bushel of Seed you sow. For the more liberal you are of your powder, the more bountifully shall you reap; therefore having two or three Funnels in your Barrow, the first and last also being larger than the middle Funnel which is your Seed-funnell, you may fill the first and the last Funnel wi●h your powder, and also you may mingle some powder with your seed, and thus sowing your ground with your Barrow, in this manner; your seed which doth become the root of the Corn will be so enwrapped in the dung, as that it will grow and fructify abundantly.   

CHAP. III. Concerning the use of the Manuring-Plow.  
THE Manuring-Plow may be so called; because it will excellently well Manure any ground, as you Blow and sow the same, and so Improve it very much: You are to prepare, and bring your seed and Manuring-powder into your Field when you would sow the same with this Invention, according as is prescribed in the Instructions for the Seed-Barrow, and so you must place half your Seed and powder at each lands end, as also is before expressed. This Invention may be used in the Sowing of any manner of ground, but principally in sowing of such ground, and of such grain as you use to sow under Furrow.  
Also, it is best to Sow some kind of ground that is very stony and barren, that will not yield the Husbandman so plentiful an Increase, as may recompense him his charge and industry without plenty of some kind of manure or other: For this Invention (where the Husbandman may get any Dung, Marle, fat earth, or any other kind of good soil) will apply such plenty of the Manure unto the seed at the Sowing thereof as the Husband man shall desire, and so it will 'cause it to multiply, and fructify abundantly, and also yearly Improve the said ground very much, if it be thus yearly manured and sown.  
The use of this Invention will neither be chargeable, nor laborious, nor yet the Improving of Land with the same, because the Land every year will yield his Crop, and it will Blow, Manure, and Sow your ground with the same speed, and facility as any other common Blow doth, that doth (but only break up the ground.  
And as there be several fashions of the old common Ploughs, so likewise may there be made several fashions of these Manuring-Plowes, according to the several natures of Soil, and to the several Customs of Countries: Also in stiff and hard grounds it will be necessary, that the Husbandman do Harrow his ground over after that it is sown with the Manuring-Plow, if he see cause.   

CHAP. FOUR Concerning the use of the Manuring-Waggen.  
THE Manuring-Waggen is so called, because it cannot well be used without wheels or somewhat to bear up the same, by reason the Cattles otherwise could not well draw it. It being indeed to be well loaded with Dung or such other Manure that is to be got, because this Invention is to be used in sowing of Barren ground that of itself will bear nothing.  
The same kinds of Manure is to be used in this, as is used in the Seed-Barrow, but much more in this then in the other; therefore the holes in the manuring Funnels of your Manuring-Waggen must be of a wider boar than those of the Seed-Barrow, but the holes of the Seed-funnels much of one size.  
This Invention is most fittest to be drawn by Oxen, because Horses will draw it too swiftly, and the Barrow is to be placed so that the bottom thereof may go as deep in the earth, as it is possible for the Cattles to draw the same; for whole loads of some kind of Manuring powder or other is to be put into the Manuring Funnels thereof at a time, and then this Invention in short time will Improve any barren ground, and make the same to become rich, and fertile.   

CHAP. V Instructions showing how to prepare your Ground for the Seed-barrow, or Manuring-Waggen.  
YOu must prepare your ground with your Blow cutting your Furrows very slender and deep, and break the clods with an heavy Oxe-harrow, or Horse-rakes; and also, if your ground be of a hard and stiff mould, that in dry weather will not dissolve, and break, you must moisten the same through such means as hereafter I shall prescribe, and then break the same with an Oxe-harrow, as (commonly is used by most Husbandmen,) or by an Horse-rake: also you may leave a little space at each end of your Close unplowed, until the last; because of turning and trimming your Seed-barrow, Manuring Blow, or Manuring-Waggen at every Land's end, and also because of removing your Seed and your manuring powder along at the land ends, as you sow: and then at the last you may blow up your land ends also, and sow the same with your Seed-Barrow, or Manuring-Waggen, as you did the rest.   

CHAP. VI How to prepare fine Dung, Chalk, Lime, or Marle, for to use in your Seed-Barrow, Manuring-Plow, or in the Manuring-Waggen.  
YOu must make choice of the finest mellow Dung you have, and when the weather is dry, you must house it, and so keep it dry against Seedtime in some out house or place, where no wet doth come: and when your occasion serves to use it, you must beaten or stamp it small to powder, and sift it over with such a course siffe as Gardeners do use, or else cast it up against such a cleanser as Bricklayers and others use, when they cleanse their Rubbisn and gravel, thereby to gather sand out of the same, that so you may free it from all clods, or rather refuse-stuffe as would stop the holes in the Funnels of your Seed-Barrow, and the clods or other refuse stuff so separated out of your powder, will serve to use amongst your other dung, in your Manuring-Barrow.  
Marle, Chalk, or any other fat soil would be housed in dry weather, and in like manner must be beaten or stamped small, and so sifted as the other, but your lime may be slaked & sifted at any time when you have occasion to use it, or if you should found it to agreed best with your ground unslackt, than you may stamp it to powder, as you would do the other and so use it, and where Dung, Marle, or soil is scarce, there in some Lanes or highways in the Summertime, may a certain dust of a dark colour be gathered that will be very necessary and useful for some kind of Ground, and also some kind of grain.   

CHAP. VII. The several Benefits and Remedies arising through the use of the Seed-Barrow, Manuring-Plow, and the Manuring-Waggen.  
THE remedies and benefits through the use of the Seed-Barrow, Manuring-Plow, and the Manuring-Waggen, are diverse; As first I may truly say three several works, yea Four, are done at one instant by them, for they do in a manner Blow, Manure the ground, Sow the ground, and Harrow the ground, all at one time, and at one act.  
Secondly, they do disperse the Seed very equally alike throughout all your Close, for when men sow with their hands they cannot so equally scatter their Seed alike with their Hand, as the Seed-Barrow, Manuring Blow, and Manuring-Waggen will disperse it.  
Thirdly, hereby will your Dung be so really applied unto the Seed, that it will cherish your Seed, and 'cause it to multiply and fructify abundantly.  
Fourthly, hereby also will your Dung, Marle, or other Soil, be so intermingled with the Earth, as that no sudden showers or boisterous storms, may wash or drive away any of the Fatness of the same.  
Fiftly, your Seedsman may hereby either sow his Corn deep or shallow as he pleaseth, or as he findeth it to be most for his profit and advantage.  
Sixthly, your Seed-barrow, Manuring-Plow, and Manuring-Waggen, will so immediately cover the Seed at the sowing thereof, as that no kind of Fowl may devour any of the same; For always most commonly both Pigeons, and other kind of Birds give their attendance upon the Husbandman, and devoureth some of the Seed before it can be covered by the Harrow, or under the Furrow, if they sow under furrow; and although some may think it is but a little that they devour, yet the Increase that would proceed from that little, may be so much, as would help to recompense the Husbandman for his charges and industry.  
Seventhly, hereby may the Husbandman manure every Acre of ground that he soweth with any kind of Grain, either with Dung, Marle, or some other fat mould or other, and so bring his ground into heart, and improve and enrich his ground by Sowing it, rather than impoverish or dis-inable the same.  
Eightly, by the Manuring-Plew, and the Seed-Barrow, may you plant the Corn such a depth into the Earth, so as neither the great winter Frosts, nor the Summer drought, shall so easily nip or kill the root of the Corne.   

CHAP. VIII. Notes and Observations in Sowing.  
THere are diverse several Observations necessary to be learned, and understood of every Husbandman, or other, that hath any inclination unto Husbandry, as to know how much Seed he must sow upon an Acre, or how much ground his Seed-Barrow doth sow at once or twice tracing from one end of the Field unto the other; Now therefore, if you know not the length of your Field, you may measure the length thereof, either by the Pole or Yard, and then put such a proportion of Seed, and of Powder into your Seed-barrow, as you think will be spent in one course from the one side or end of your Field unto the other.  
Note therefore, that a Yard in breadth, and 1210. yards in length, maketh a quarter of an Acre, and 2420. yards in length, and a yard in breadth, maketh half an Acre; and 4840. yards in length, and a yard in breadth maketh an Acre, according to the Statute.  
Or note, that 880. Poles in length, and a yard in breadth maketh an Acre, and 440. Poles in length, and a yard in breadth, maketh half an Acre; and 220. Poles in length, and a yard in breadth, maketh a quarter of an Acre; from whence you may note, that your Seed-Barrow being Three foot broad doth sow an Acre being drawn the length of 880. Poles, or being drawn the length of 440. Poles, it soweth half an Acre, or being drawn but 220. Poles in length, it soweth a quarter of an Acre, and look how many times so much is spent, as doth sow 880. Poles in length, so many Acres is contained in your Close; For note, that if half a bushel of Seed, is spent in sowing 880. Poles in length; then if you spend 10. bushels of seed in your Close, your Close is about 20. Acres, if you spend 15. bushels, your Close is then about 30 Acres, and so in like manner, if you spend lesle than half a bushel in sowing of an Acre, than you shall spend less than 10. Bushels in sowing of 20. Acres, and so of the rest.  
Note also, you should carry a little spare Seed in a bag upon your Barrow, Manuring-Plow, or Manuring Waggon, along with you, and so replenish your Seed-funnell therewith, if your Seed should be almost spent before you come at your Lands end, and then at the lands end you should replenish your Barrow, Manuring Blow, or Waggon again both with Powder and Seed, and also if it need put some spare Seed in your bag, because you should be sure not to draw your Manuring-Plow, Waggon, or Seed-Barrow, wh●n your Seed-funnell is almost empty; Now if you find that the Barrow doth spend the seed too fast or too slow, there be two ways to remedy it; For either you may mix a little more or less Powder amongst your Seed, or you may give freer or harder passage to your Seed-funnels, as you s●e cause; and so also may you order the holes of the other Funnels, that are for your Powder.  
Now if your ground consist of so fat a soil as that it needeth no Dung, you may then trim your Seed-funnell only with Seed, and let the other funnels remain empty, or otherwise you may make use of a barrow that hath but one funnel.  
Note also, that if you have not Dung sufficient to sow all your grain therewith, you may use a fat Sand when you sow Rye, and with your seed-Wheat you may use either Lime or Chalk beaten, or slaked to powder, and with Pease, Oates, and other grain, you may use Marle, or other of the best or fattest Earth you can get.  
Also note, that you may sow your Summer corn, as Pease, Oates, Barley and such other, three Weeks or a Month sooner than hath been usual, or is accustomed, and that for two reasons. For first, you need not fear that the late frosts should hurt or prejudice your corn, when as the root is planted more deeply in the earth than it hath been usual. Secondly, because the more deeply that your Corn is rooted in the ground, as it is the better for your Corn, so will it require a little more time for the pringing up, & growing of the same.  
Note also, in some kind of Ground you must sow a greater quantity of Seed upon an Acre, than you need for to sow upon other ground; for the richer the soil is, the less quantity of Seed you may sow, because of the Increase that it will yield, and therefore one may sow a less quantity of Seed in a fertile soil then in a barren, jest your fertile soil bring forth your Corn too rank; Yet as I would not advice any one to be lavish of his Seed, so I would counsel them not to be too sparing, for he that soweth bountifully, shall also reap bountifully.  
Also note, that Horses are the fittest Cattles for to draw your Seed Barrow up & down your Close when you sow it, because it should be drawn with a little speed, neither should they be placed one before the other, but one by the side of another, as in a Coach, that so the Earth may lie equally lose alike before the Barrow.   

CHAP. IX. Instructions teaching the use of the Manuring-Barrow.  
WHen you intent to manure a Field, if it be ground that you intent to make Arable, it is expedient, that first you break up the same with your Blow, and then bring your Dung, Marle, or other soil, and lay it in great heaps all along at the one side of your Field, and then bring your Manuring barrow, and fill the same at one of your heaps, and then draw it up and down from the one side of your Field unto the other with your Cattles, all against that heap of Dung where you loaded your Barrow until all that heap be spent, and then fill your barrow at the next heap, and so draw it in like manner from one side of the Field unto the other all against that heap, and so in like manner you must spend one heap after another, until all be spent in your Close, this kind of Manuring of ground may be used at any time of the year.  
Otherwise to gain time, and spare labour, you should have two or three Manuring-Barrowes, and have a Car with low wheels made without sides and well boarded in the bottom, whereon you may place your Manuring barrow, and so load it as you do your Dung-carts, where, and when your occasions serve, and so draw it unto your Close that you would Manure, and when you are in your Close, take your Cattles out from your Car, and set them to your Barrow, and then draw your barrow off from the car, and so up and down that place of your Field that you would manure, and thus while some of your cattles are drawing of your Barrow to and fro in your Field, others may be exercised in fetching of another barrow full of Dung upon your car unto your Field.  
You may manure your arable ground either in dry or wet weather, and when your ground is either dry or wet, but you may best manure your Pasture ground in the Winter time when it is wet, or in the Summer when it is dry, after the same hath been eaten bore, lest you should hinder the growth of your Grass, provided always, that you water it well so soon as it hath been manured, if the season be dry. You cannot bestow too much time, or labour in manuring your arable ground but you must not manure your Pasture ground too much at a time, jest you should destroy the grass, or too much hinder the growth of the same, therefore you may Manure it but a little at a time, and the oftener.  
Also, the manure whether it be Dung, Marle, or any other fat mould, that you use in your Manuring-barrow, must always be good and moist when you use it, either upon Arable pasture or Meadow ground.  
If you think it a less labour to spread your Dung after the old manner, and cannot stand long about it in manuring it with your Barrow, than you may spread some of your Dung, Marle, or soil, all along in rows, and then fill your Barrow with some of the other that you have reserved, and let your Cattles draw your Barrow up and down upon the Dung that lieth spread abroad in your Close, and your Barrow will work the same so effectually into the ground, as that it will increase the fatness of your soil, and improve your ground very much.  
This also is to be noted, that you must have a lose cover for your Manuring-barrow, made of plank or board, and fitted so to your Barrow, that it may sink down to the bottom after the Dung or Soil; and when half the Dung is spent that is in your Barrow, than the driver or some other should stand upon the cover in the midst of the Barrow, thereby to press down the Dung that it may work out of your Barrow and into the ground the better.  
Further also, if you find that your Dung, or Marle doth work too fast out of your Barrow, than you may temper some wet Litter, or other refuse-stuffe amongst your Marl, or any other mould that you would use in your Manuring-Barrow, or otherwise you may lay some small twiggs or spray-wood in the bottom of the barrow, and it will keep any mould from working thorough too fast: as for dressing your ground with Chalk, that may be done after the old accustomed manner, only this I would advice those that have not observed so much, that after their Chalk is spread abroad, they should let it so lie upon the superficies of their ground as long as they can, for the longer that it lies so before it be ploughed in, the better it is for your ground, for indeed it should lie a whole Winter upon your ground after it is spread abroad, before it be ploughed in, that so the frost may nip & break all the great clods of chalk.  
As for Lyming of ground, that may be done at any time of the year, because a little wet slakes & dissolves the Lime at any time, but so soon as ever the Lime or Chalk is dissolved and broken, than it behoves the Husbandman to blow it into the ground, and to manure it well with his Manuring-barrow before dry weather come, jest the Wind should drive away the dusty pure matter that indeed is the Spirit & life of the same.   

CHAP. X. The several benefits arising through the use of the Manuring Barrow.  
FIrst of all, by the use of this Invention, you may yearly very much Improve any kind of ground, either Pasture, Arable, or Meadow ground, with a little soil, dung, or other fat mould.  
Secondly, hereby you may kill, and destroy Moss, Brakes, Heath, or any shrubs whatsoever that doth pesture your ground, & hinder your grass from growing.  
Thirdly, you may make any Barren ground, that never yielded any profit, to become good arable ground by manuring well the same with such mellow Earth as is to be got near unto the same.  
Fourthly, hereby shall your Dung, Marle, or other soil be so incorporated, and engrafted into your ground, so as that the Wind may neither drive away, nor the excessive Showers wash away the fatness and purity of the same.  
Fifthly, in manuring your Arable ground with this Barrow, you will so work and chafe the same, that if your Seed be clean, it will bring forth your Corn very clean, and free from weeds. For your Dung being wrought out and chafed by your Barrow upon the ground, it will not be so apt to bring forth Weeds, and the ground itself also will be so mortified, that it will not be so apt to bear weeds, as when it is manured otherways.  
Sixtly, the Manuring-Barrow will level your ground and make all even, dispeircing abroad such heaps of Earth as the Moles cast up, and level the little Molehills that through long continuance are grown hard and rough.  
Seventhly, also by the Manuring-barrow, you may spread such heaps of Horse-dung or other, that would hinder your Grass from growing by lying on heaps, and help the growing thereof by being dispersed abroad, for ever if you can intent it you should a little manure your Pasture ground with this Barrow, so soon as it is eaten bore if you desire to Improve the same, and also if the weather be dry, you should a little water the same ever after when you have manured it.  
Eightly, by Manuring your lose or dry ground with this Barrow, you may make it to become firm and good ground that will retain any moisture, that shall fall upon it, the longer, thereby to fatten, and mollify the same; For ground that consisteth of a light and lose mould, doth let the moisture that falleth thereon so soon pass through the same, that it very little profiteth. If any one should think it will harden ground, and make it too stiff, there be ways enough to mollify and moisten the same again; as hereafter shall be declared. Otherwise they may forbear Manuring ground of such a nature with this Invention, and use other ways and Inventions that they shall find to be more commodious for the same.   

CHAP. XI. This showeth the use of the Manuring-stone, Corroding harrow, or Corroding-rakes.  
THese several Inventions are chief to kill and destroy Heath, Brakes, Furzes, Moss, or any other shrubs, that keepeth the Ground barren, or maketh it unuseful, first, the said ground is to be cleared and then Ploughed up, and either in dry or wet weather when your leisure best serves, these Inventions are to be drawn by your Cattles, up & down upon the same, but in wet weather, & when the ground is moist, is the best time, and your labour will be most effectual upon the same. The Manuring-stone is to be drawn alone if it be a great one, if they are little ones, they may be coupled together; Corroding-harrowes are not to be made too bigg●, because in places where the groun● is hollow, rising, or falling, they cannot then in so pliable ● manner glide upon the earth, and chafe the same so effectually, as when they are less and coupled together, th● Corroding rakes, are to be used by such as have but few, or li●t●e Cattles, and in the same manner, and for the ●ame purposes as is the Corroding harrow, or Manuring stone, and th●y are to be coupled together at the head ends, and the tail ends of each are to be fastened in the tugs of the Horses-coller, and so one horse will draw two of them at once.   

CHAP. XII. It showeth the use of the Horse Rakes.  
THese Rakes are for the same ends and purposes as those that Gardeners use, although they are to be much more large, and stronger, and also they are to cleanse any Heathie, Broomie, or other Brakie ground after the same hath been broken up by the Blow of all Roots, and other refuse-stuffe, that might hinder the use and Improving of the said Ground, before the same be dressed with the Manuring barrow, and also they will serve to dress, or prepare any Arable ground after the same is Ploughed for the Seed-barrow or Manuring-Waggen.   

CHAP. XIII. Instructions teaching how to find out the Nature of Ground.  
Several grounds are of several Natures, for some ground is more improved by Chalk, than it is either by Marle or Dung, again other grounds are improved by Marle or Dung, and not by Chalk, or Lime, some are Improved most by one kind of manure, some by other kinds of manure, some Grounds do require three or four several kinds of manure, as Dung, Marle, and Chalk, or Lime to improove the same; Therefore it behooveth every Husbandman to know the nature of his Ground, before he be at any great cost, or charge to manure and Improve the same, because I have observed how diverse Husbandmen have half undone themselves, and discouraged others, in dressing and manuring their Ground with such kind of manure as hath not been agreeable unto the nature of the same. Therefore in my judgement the wisest course for one that knoweth not the nature of his ground, nor the several effects of several Manures, is to dress some little several plots of ground with several kinds of manure, and when he seethe what kind of manure doth best agreed with the nature of his ground, and that doth most improove it, then to dress and manure his ground with the same. The like trial may Husbandmen make in Sowing of their ground, for some kind of grain doth thrive, and prospero better upon one kind of Ground, than it doth upon another, and likewise some kind of manure doth cause one kind of grain to thrive better than another, and manure that causeth one kind of grain to fructify, will not 'cause another; therefore when the Husbandman hath made his trial, and hath found what manure doth best agreed with each several kind of grain, he may trim his Seed barrow, Manuring Wagg●n, or Manuring Blow accordingly, and so order his season, in committing his grain unto such kinds of soil, as doth most abundantly yield increase of the same, and that he may have no cause to complain, but reap such plentiful crops, as may benefit himself, and all others.   

CHAP. XIIII. How to produce good store of Dung to manure your ground withal.  
THere is nothing generally better to manure any manner of ground than Dung, whether it be Arable, Pasture, or Meadow ground; and therefore every Husbandman should endeavour to make the greatest quantity thereof he can, because the more Dung any one hath, the more he may improove his ground, or the more ground he may manure. It is the custom of many Husbandmen to lay their refuse straw, or other such like stuff in lanes, and other high ways, there to rot it and make it into Dung, but this custom is neither good for the traveller, nor yet for the Husbandman, for before it is rotten, or rather beaten to dirt, there it lieth and cumbreth the way, and cloyeth such Cattles, as travel upon the same, and in the end being beaten to dust, or dirt, either the best and purest matter thereof in wet weather is dashed away, and in dry weather is driven away with the wind, the feet of such Cattles raising up the dust as they travel through the same, whereby the husbandman looseth both of the quantity, and of the quality of the same. The like inconveniences doth ensue when the Husbandman layeth his Dung up in great hills and high heaps. For the wind and Sun doth ever quickly dry the out side of the same, and so doth exhausted and drive away much of the fatness, or purity of it, neither can it rot, or grow mellow well, it lying so in heaps and hills; and therefore in so laying it, he rather doth diminish, then increase either of the quantity, or of the goodness of the quality of the same.  
Now therefore, the best way both to increase the quantity, and retain the goodness of the quality of your Dung, is to make large and deep pits near unto highways, and in low grounds where into muddy water may run, and also to make the like pits near unto Kitchens, Stables, Gate-roomes or common shores, whereinto the puddle water may run from such places; the Husbandman need but once to make these pits, and they will serve for ever, this order being observed, the highways may be preserved better, and become more passable in the winter season, and the Husbandman enriched hereby.  
Now into these pits should the Husbandman cast all his refuse straw, and all other such refuse stuff that he hath, or can procure to make Dung thereof, and ever as he layeth in the same, let him shatter some of the best and fattest earth, that he can get amongst the same, and when he hath put in all his refuse stuff into his pits, let him cover them over with spray Wood, Logs, or any other thing that may keep the Sun and the wind from exhausting up, or driving away any of the same, and so let them remain until such time as it is throughly rotten.   

CHAP. XV. How to manure Ground without Dung, or Soil.  
IF you have neither Soil nor Dung to manure your ground, than you should make choice of the best and richest Earth that lieth near unto you, and provide thereof sufficient, to trim your Manuring-Barrow therewith, when you would manure your ground, for although you have not Dung sufficient to manute all your ground so plentifully as you desire, yet may you enrich your Barren ground, and in short time make it equal in fertility and goodness unto the best ground you have, by well Manuring of the same every year with such Earth as is to b●e got in your best ground, if you cannot come by Marle, Chalk, or any other kind of manure to dress and enrich the same. Also, there are Manuring stones, and Corroding harrows and Rakes, that in wet weather being but drawn up and down your Close will manure your ground, and fatten the same in some sort. Thirdly, your Seed barrow being trimmed only with some fat earth, and drawn up and down your Field will manure it; but these last are to be practised only upon arable ground, because the ground should always be ploughed up, when you would manure the same, either with the Seed barrow, Corroding harrows, or Manuring-stone, or Corroding rakes, if you have strength enough to draw these Inventions thereon.  
Now because some may not conceive this point of Husbandry to be rational, I will here prove it by one easy, and familiar Example that is common to all: Of all substances Stone and Iron are of the most obdurate natures that are, and are the most unlikely to yield soil, yet who is it that can deny, that if one pour Water upon a Stone and whet but a knife or some other Iron thereon, it begets much soil; and if so small a matter as this will beget a little soil upon those two obdurate and barren natures, how much may b● produced by this point of Husbandry of such substances, that are of soft and soylie natures: I could have produced the like familiar Examples to prove diverse other points of Husbandry herein declared, but that I should have made my discourse too tedious, neither do I think that there is any of so shallow a capacity, that may not conceive them to be Rational, because in Nature they differ not from such points of Husbandry that are daily practised, and have been so often approved of in every Country.   

CHAP. XVI. How to kill and destroy Furzes, Heath, Brakes, or any other Shrubs, and to Improve the said Ground.  
FIrst, you must cut up all the Furzes, Heath, or any other Shrubs, near unto the roots, and then blow up the said ground, with a good strong Blow, and then rake together the said roots with a Raking-harrow, or Horse-rake, or with Garden-rakes, made for the same purpose, and cleanse the ground of them as near as you can: Afterward, first manure the said ground well with a Corroding-harrow, Corroding-rakes, or Manuring stones, until the colour of the Earth begin to altar, and then trim your Manuring-barrow with Marle, Dung, or any kind of the richest mould you can get, and Manure the said ground as well as time and means will afford, and then Sow the same with such grain, as is of lest esteem; as first, with Buckwheate, Tares, Oats, or Peason. Also when you sow the same, you should make use of a large Seed barrow, or Manuring-Waggen, that hath no teeth, and that hath large Manuring-funnels, but chief of a Manuring-Plow, that so you may apply good store of manure unto your Seed: Thus every year Manuring of it well, and sowing of the same in this manner, you may gather good crops of Corn and make the same become rich Arable ground in short time.  
But this note always, that when you would Manure or Improove any ground effectually with any of these Inventions; you must throughly moisten the same in the Morning when you begin if the ground be dry.   

CHAP. XVII. Concerning the making of Barren ground that is not worth Twelvepences an Acre, to become worth Forty-shillings an Acre.  
FOrasmuch, as it is in a manner impossible to Improve any Arable ground or other without Cattles; Therefore such as do desire to Improve their Barren ground, where there is none but barren ground, must plant and provide for the sustentation and supportation of Cattles; For according to the divine Proverb, Where no Oxen are the Crib is empty; and much Increase cometh through the strength of the Ox. So where there is not sustenance for Cattles, there cannot Cattles subsist, and where no Cattles are, there the ground must needs remain Barren; Therefore, in such places of this Kingdom where there is much Barren ground, there such as would recover such Barren, Heathie, Brakie or any other sterile ground, and make it Fertile, must think of making some of the same barren ground to become Pasture, and Meddow-ground, that so they may have sustentation for their Cattles both Winter and Summer. For the effecting whereof, the Author will discover unto any reasonable person, as shall be desirous to learn, how both easily and speedily they may make some Barren ground that is not worth Twelvepences an Acre, to become good Meddow-ground, that shall be worth Thirty or forty shillings the Acre yearly, the which in this Treatise he hath omitted to discover; because he desireth rather to give Testimony thereof in deeds than words: And also, for some certain other Reasons best known unto himself.  
Or otherwise, he will help those to money for such Barren land, (that are not minded to make trial thereof) or deal any other ways, as they shall please.  
VIVAT REX.   royal blazon or coat of arms "    

The Conclusion of the Author.  
WHEREAS his Majesty hath been graciously pleased out of his Royal favour, to Grant, and Confirm diverse Powers and Privileges by his Majesty's Letters Patents, under the Great Seal for the said Inventions, and for diverse other ways for the Manuring and Improving of Ground, that as yet have not been found out, nor practised by any. Therefore desiring, that myself and all others, that wish well unto the public Good, may proceed in an Employment so laudable and beneficial for the whole Kingdom; out of a grateful mind, I shall willingly admit all those freely to use any of the said Inventions, and to exercise any of the said ways for the Manuring and Improving of Ground, that shall help either me, my Agents or Assigns, unto any Barren land upon reasonable Conditions, or that shall be forward in assisting me in the accomplishing and Exercising thereof.  
In Fleetstreet at the Sign of the three Flower Deluces, over against St. Brides▪ lane and, there may any one see diverse of the said Inventions, or be further informed if they please.  
FINIS.