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 '} Epilobium. 
 
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The Species of Epilobium 
 Occurring North of Mexico. 
 
 By WILLIAM TRELEASE. 
 
 (FKOM THE 8ECOKD ANHCAL R,poht OF THE M,«.« 
 
 RT OF THE MI8SOUHI BOTANICAL GaKD.1,., 
 
 Itsued April 22, 1 891 . 
 
3S7901 
 
• 
 
 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. 
 
 A REVISION OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF EPILOBIUU 
 OCCURRINO NORTH OF MEXICO. 
 
 BY WILLIAM TRBLBAai. 
 
 .. 
 
 Id addition to species which have been singly described 
 in various papers, and those treated in more restricted floras, 
 the North American representatives of the genus Epilobium 
 have been comparatively described by De Candolle,* 
 Torrey and Gray,t and Haussknecht.| The first and last 
 of these accounts include general monographs of the genus. 
 The second, enriched by manuscript descriptions by Nut- 
 tall, has the same scope as the following revision, but 
 of necessity refers to a smaller area of well-explored terri- 
 tory. The more notable works of more limited range 
 which deal with North American representatives of the 
 genus are Hooker's Flora Boreali- Americana (the first vol- 
 ume of which bears the date 1840, although the first part 
 was issued in 1829 and the second and third parts before 
 the end of 1832), and Brewer, Watson and Gray's Botany 
 of California (the first volume of which was published in 
 1876). Both refer chiefly to west-coast species. In the 
 former,? Epilobium is treated by Lehmann -, in the latter,§ 
 by Barbey, who 8ubsequ«?ntly published excellent illustra- 
 tions of the species desciibed there as new. || 
 
 The following pages contain the results of such study as 
 
 • Prodromas. III. 18t8, p. 40 «( ttq. 
 
 t Flora ot North Amerioa. 1. 1840, p. f86 ttteq. 
 
 % Monographle der Oattnns Kpllobium, 1884. p. S7 d Mf. 
 
 T 18N,p.90t<lM«. il8I6,p.S18elM9. 
 
 I BpUob*<'ia genu a oL Ch. CaUla UloBtiatam, UH. 
 
 6f 
 
70 
 
 MI8S0UKI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 
 
 I have been able to give the genua during something over 
 two years. The material employed has been chiefly that 
 contained in the Gray herbarium of Harvard University, 
 the herbaria of Columbia College, the United States De- 
 partment of Agriculture, the Geological and Natural His- 
 tory Survey of Canada, and the Missouri Botanical Garden, 
 and the excellent private collections of Mr. W. M. Canby 
 and Mr. H. N. Patterson. My thanks are due the gentle* 
 men owning or in charge of these collections, for their 
 courtesy in allowing me to retain the material for the long 
 time needed, and I am also indebted to numerous corre- 
 spondents for the communication of smaller collections or 
 single specimens. 
 
 In all of the local floras and the herbaria of the country, 
 much confusion prevails as to the species of Epilobium. 
 For this reason I have referred for synonyms to Watson's 
 Bibliographical Index to North American Botany only in 
 cases where little or no exception could be tflken to it. 
 
 As a rule, fewer species are distinguished than can be 
 recognized by one familiar with the rather slight specific 
 differences that exist, and their relative importance in dif- 
 ferent groups of species. On the other hand, these differ- 
 ences are often so trivial and in some cases so transient, 
 and the occurrence of intermediate hybrids is so common,* 
 that the opinion is prevalent that Professor Hausskuecht 
 has described more species than are actually determinable. 
 In the study upon which the followirg revision is based, 
 I have tried as far as possible to account for all species in- 
 dicated by him and other writers as coming within our 
 limits, recognizing them as valid whenever satisfactory 
 reason could be obtained for doing so. It is with reluc- 
 tance that I publish several us new. It must be said, how- 
 ever, that increasing familiarity with the genus strengthens 
 
 M 
 
 • The very laige namber ot communioatlons on this sabjeot, mainly referring to 
 ■nropetn hybrids, can hardly be toached on here. See Haassknecht'a Monograph, 
 and references la Just's Jabresberlcht for nearly every year. In the descriptions of 
 species, I hare mentioned only tbose hybrids which from aberrant charaotara 
 might be looked for elsewliere than with the species they are attributed to. 
 
BSVI8ION or KPILOBIVM. 
 
 71 
 
 ., 
 
 my impression that the ohftraoters here admitted as of 
 spi'oifio value are worthy of oredeDoe, and do not apply to 
 mere forms or Tarioties, although the less differentiated 
 wpvcies fall into groups, which some of the most conserva- 
 tive botanists might justly treat as species consisting of 
 fairly marked subspecies, in a monograph of the genus as 
 a whole. 
 
 Epilobium diflTers from all other capsule-bearing Onagra- 
 ceo) except the Californian Zauschneria, in having its seeds 
 provided with an ample coma at the apex. E. panieulatum, 
 which when dwarfed sometimes resembles large forms of 
 Oayophytumt may therefore be distinguished by this 
 character, as well as by its 4-oelled fruit, >vea on superficial 
 examination. The variety yucune^um of the same species, 
 which occasionally has been taken for Zauschneria t laoks 
 the long colored Fuchsia-like tube above the ovary. 
 
 While it reaches great development in New Zealand, 
 Epilobium is essentially a genus of temperate and cold 
 climates, and the most widely distributed species are those 
 of arctic and alpine regions. In Alaska a few such species 
 occur, which are otherwise confined to the adjacent part of 
 Asia. More widely distributed arctic-alpine immigrants 
 from the old world are apicatumy latifolium^ paluatret 
 Davurioumt glanduhsunit Homemanni^ alpinumt and 
 anagallidifolium. The only other old world species 
 represented in our flora are hirmtumt parviflorumt and 
 adnatunit all of which are accidental waifs, the first one 
 only having obtained even a precarious foothold in this 
 country. On the other hand, while the genus passes into 
 South America along the backbone of the continent, few 
 species extend very far across the Mexican boundary in 
 either direction. 
 
 The most interesting biological features of the genus are 
 those connected with the means of vegetative propagation, 
 pollination, and dissemination. 
 
 The various contrivances by which most species survive 
 the winter and are vegetatively propagated, have been so 
 
I 
 
 72 
 
 MI8SOUKI BOTANICAL GAHDEN. 
 
 It 
 
 fully employed in the synopsis of species as to require no 
 further description here^ and it suffices to call attention to 
 the extreme degree of differentiation that has been attained 
 in this respect, in the genus, one species of which has 
 acquired even teiial bulblets. The principal literature of 
 the subject, aside from what is said in systematic descrip- 
 tions, is to be found in Barbey^ I. c. plates 23-24 ; Beyer^ 
 incky Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief, 1884 (Just, xii. 
 1, p. 546) ; Haussknecht, I. c.p. 11 & 16; Kjellmann, Bot. 
 Centralblatt, 1886, No. 9, p. 291 (Just, xiv. 1, p. 924); 
 Mrs. Millington, Bull. Torrey Club, x. 24: Schmalhausen, 
 Erneuerungsweise ciniger Epilobien, — Dissertation, St. 
 Petersburg, 1874 (Just, ii. p. 531); and Warmingt Bot. 
 Tidsskrift, ii., and Cm Skudbygning etc., Copenhagen, 
 1884, p. 84, 87, 95 (abstracts in Bot. Centralbl. xviii. 
 and Engler's Bot. Jahrb. v. p. 65). 
 
 The only other vegetative features requiring special men- 
 tion are the water glands ending the teeth on the leaves of 
 most species (Beir-he, Jahrb. fiir wiss. Bot. x. p. 143, pi. 
 12, f. 1!); the mucilage glands at apex of very young 
 leaves ( Oliver, Journ. Linn. Soc. i. p. 190 ; Beinke, I. c. 
 and f. 10) ; the anomalous nutations of the flower buds of 
 JS. sptcatum (Haussknecht, I. c. p. 16 ; Prentiss, Bull. 
 Torrey Bot. Club, ix. p. 8, and Vochting, cited under 
 pollination) ; and the supposed value of the acid cell-sap of 
 some trichomes as a protection against the attacks of snails 
 (Stahl, Jenaische Zeitschrift, xxii.). 
 
 The principal developmental studies are those by Bar- 
 cianu in Schenk & Luerssen's Mittheilungen, ii. (Just, ii. 
 485), — puuctum vegetationis and floral organogeny, 
 and Sitzber. niederrh. Ges. f . Nat.- u. Heilkunde, 1873, — 
 ovary; Payer, Organogen. p. 450, pi. 94, — flower; and 
 Warming in Hanstein's Bot. Abhandlungen, ii. Hefr. 2, — 
 anther. The stigmatio papillae are mentioned by Behrens 
 in Anat. Ban des Griffels, etc., — Dissertation, Gottingen, 
 1875, p. 33. The pollen, which appears always to consist 
 of tetrads, is discussed or figured by Barbey, I. c. pi. 13; 
 
 T 
 
 i^) 
 
 t 
 
 ■ 
 
I 
 
 REVISION OF EPILOBIUH. 
 
 73 
 
 T 
 
 t) 
 
 t 
 
 Behrerut Botanik, p. 82; Luers8en, Jahrb. wise. Bot. vii. 
 p. 46, pi. 5, f. 27-30; Mohl^ Ann. Sci. nat., sor. 2, iii. p. 
 332 (the original paper published in German at Berne in 
 1834) ; iStraaburger, Ban und Wachsthum der Zellhaute 
 (Just, X. 1, p. 416); Tschiatiakofft Bot. Zeitung, xxxiii. p. 
 81, and Jahrb. fiir wiss. Bot. x. p. 7, with several plates ; 
 and HaUted and McBride in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 1890, 
 p. 238. 
 
 While the larger flowered species appear to be regularly 
 proterandrous, the duration of the dichogamy is brief in 
 most of them, and the smaller flowered species seem to bo 
 always synacmic and self-fertile, aUhough with the proba- 
 bility of frequent intercrossing by aid of insects attracted 
 by the neotar which is secreted within the calyx tube (see 
 Behrens, Flora, 1879, p. 246, and Bonnier, Ann. Sci. nat., 
 ser. b, viii. p 115, note), and commonly protected by the 
 dilated bases of the filaments or a nectar guard of hairs 
 within the calyx. In B. apicatum the broad filaments are 
 supplemented in this protective function by hairs on the 
 lower part of the style. The principal publications on the 
 pollination of the genus are as follows: Beal, Amer. Nat. 
 xiv. p. 203 ; B^jety Spontanen Bewegungen, Wehlau, 1888 
 (Just, xvi. 2. p. 523) ; Delpino, Alcuni Appunti, p. 19, 
 Ulteriori Osservazione, ii. 2, p. 15C, Bot. Zeitung, 1869, 
 810, and Malpighia, i. (Just, xv. 1, p. 318); Gray, 
 Amer. Naturalist, 1876, p. 43, Amer. Agriculturist, 1876, 
 p. 142, and Struct. Bot. p. 222 ; Hensloto, Pop. Sci. Rev. 
 1879, p. 8 ; Kerner, Flowers and theit Unbidden Guests, 
 p. 102; Kirchner, Program, 68 Jahresfeier Wiirttemb. 
 Landw. Akad. Hohenheim, 1886 (Just, xiv. 1, p. 790), 
 and Flora von Stuttgart, p. 412 et aeq. ; Lvhhock, Nature, 
 X. p. 403-5, and Brit. Wild. Fl. in rel. to Insects, index; 
 MuUer, Alpenblumen, p. 209, Befruchtung der Blumen, p. 
 189; Nature, ix. p. 165, and Weitere Beobachtungen, p. 
 237; Sdiulz, Bibliotheca Botanica, Heft 10, p. 35, and 
 Heft 17, p. 73 and 118 ; Sprengel, Entdecktes Geheimniss, 
 p. 4 and 223-224; TAo»/»on, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 
 
 i 
 
tit-a 'M 
 
 H 
 
 MI8S0DBI BOniNIOAL «'^mN. 
 
 ziv. r . iOl ; Voehting Ber. Deutsoh. Bot. Gciellsch. 1885 
 (Jiutt, ziii. 1, p. 23 and 734), and Pringshehn's Jahrb. misa. 
 Bot. zvii. p. 301, pi. 16 ; and WarmtT^f, Bygningen . . . af 
 grftnlandske Blomster, Copenhagen, 1886, p. 32. — Ex- 
 cept for the notes by Beal and Gray, these all pertain to 
 obsenrations made in the old world. 
 
 The development of the ovale, in some cases indading 
 the curious beak at what appears to be the apex, but ia, in 
 reality, the point at which the anatropous seed bends down- 
 ward, on which the coma is inserted in many species, is 
 more or less fully discussed by BaiUont Adansonia, xi. 
 (Just, iv. p. 461); Hildebrand, Bot. Zeitung, 1872, 236- 
 7, pi. 4, f. 6-8; and Warming, Ann. des Soi. nat., aer. 
 6, V. p. 238. The seed-coats are treated by Barbey, I. c. 
 pi. 21, and Marloth, Engler's Bot. Jahrbiicher, iv. The 
 mechanism of the dehiscence of the capsules is described 
 by Becky Sitzber. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, xxzv. p. 23 (Just, 
 xiv. 1, p. 832) ; Eichhotz, Fringsheim's Jahrb. fiir wiss. 
 Bot. xvii. p. 573, pi. 35 ; and LetHerc du 8ahUm, Ann. Soi. 
 nat., tier. 6, xviii. p. 66. The arrangements for dissem- 
 ination are further considered by HUde^andt Verbreituags- 
 mittel der Pflanzen, p. 68, 69, 105, 135, 142: and Ohitk- 
 ering, in Bot. Gazette, ix. p. 193, shows with what 
 remarkable promptness the fire-weed, JS. ^icalum, appears 
 over largo forost areas after they had been burned off. 
 None of the species have any striking economic value. 
 
 ^ ' 
 
 111 
 
V( 
 
 KF.VMIOK OF EPILOBICM. 
 
 75 
 
 A ' 
 
 ABTIFICIAL KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES. 
 
 A. Stigma deeply 4-lobcd or 4-cleft. 
 
 1. Seeds not prominently papillate, mostly smooth. 
 Flowers purple or pale, never yellow. 
 
 Flowers very large, openlnji; nearly flat. 
 
 Seeds long and narrow, with persistent coma: pube:'- 
 cence not glandular. 
 
 Leaves with very evident looped veins: bracts 
 
 small : style pubescent at base. . .£. gpicatum. 
 
 Veins inconspicuous, rarely looped: bracts 
 
 leafy : style glabrous E. latl/olium. 
 
 Seeds broad: ovaty soft-glandolar: bracts reduced, 
 
 S. rtgidum. 
 
 Flowers smaller, less open: seeds short and broad, with 
 
 easUy falling coma E. pantculatum. 
 
 Flowers bright yellow, large but not opening widely: leaves 
 
 broad, toothed, glabrous jg, luteum. 
 
 3. Seeds paplllately roughened under the microscope. 
 
 Flowers cream-colored, smaller: leaves narrow, entire, can- 
 ascent E. suffruticosum. 
 
 Flowers purple or pale, never yellow. 
 
 Hirsute or tomentose with long spreading white hairs, 
 
 E. hirautum. 
 
 Glabrous, canescent, or short glandular. 
 Flowers very large and open: plants rather low, per- 
 ennial, nearly simple above : leaves broad. 
 
 Leaves acute \t both ends, entire E. rtgidum. 
 
 Leaves rounded at base, repand-toothed, E. obcordatum. 
 Flowers less open: plants tall, dichotomous or panicled: 
 
 leaves elongated E. paniculatum and var. jucundum. 
 
 E. exaltatum (of. adenoeaulon), E. Orejanum (cf. glaberrimum), and 
 «nother supposed hybrid, which is mentioned under Eomemannt, would 
 be looked for under A, because of their stigmatic characters. 
 £. Stigma entire or only notched: flowers never yePow. 
 1. Seeds not prominently papillate, mostly smooth. 
 
 Seeds broadly obovoid, very blunt: coma easily falling : leaves 
 subpetioled, narrow, scnte. 
 Glabrous or glandular, dichotomous : leaves mostly veined, 
 often incurved or folded along the midrib; seeds very 
 
 large (1x2 mm.) E. paniculatum. 
 
 Crisp-pubescent, simple or panicled : leaves mostly veinless : 
 
 seeds half as large E.minutum. 
 
 Seeds fusiform : coma more persistent. 
 
76 
 
 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GAKDEX. 
 
 Leaves minutely rcvolute, smoother seeded fonns of 
 
 the group of E. paluttre. 
 
 Leaves not rcvolute : stem simple or few branched below. 
 
 Leave:* rather ample, ovate to elliptical, some of them 
 
 usually toothed. (£. glandulosum, with seed papilla 
 
 collapsed, miglit bo sought here.) 
 
 Glandular-pubescent: leaves sessile, some of them 
 
 broadly decurrent: seeds very long, blunt at 
 
 base, tapering above into a broad pale apex, 
 
 E. Halleanum. 
 
 Crlsp-pnbcscent in lines: leaves not decurrent: 
 seeds shorter, more acute below, with narrower 
 ' sometimes very short and abrupt beak. 
 
 Alaslcan species with rosy flowers. 
 Erect: leaves elliptical, tapering to each end^ 
 
 petioled ; flowers nodding E. Bongardt. 
 
 Ascending at base: leaves ovate, the upper ses- 
 sile ; flowers erect E. Behringianum. 
 
 Extending southward in the mountains : stems as- 
 cending at base: leaves petioled. 
 Flowers violet, medium sized: leaves dark 
 green or nurple: seeds blunt above, . . . 
 exceptionally smooth-seeded plants of 
 
 E. Homemanni. 
 
 Flowers white, very small: leaves thin, light 
 green : seeds (seen from in i'ront) gradually 
 
 attenuated to the beak E. alpinum. 
 
 Leaves quite small, usually nearly entire. 
 
 Stem ascending or almost creeping, often S-shaped» 
 cespitose : leaves relatively broad and spreading, 
 
 uniformly distributed, E. anaffallidifolium. 
 
 Stem erect, not cespitose: leaves strict, the up- 
 permost remote and linear E. Ongonetue. 
 
 Seeds papillately roughened under the microscope. 
 
 a. Leaves linear to lanceolate, nearly entire, generally without 
 conspicuous lateral veins. 
 
 Leaves slightly revolute: sobols filiform, at length ending 
 In large turions : seeds large, elongated. 
 Simple or nearly so, criisp-pubescent: leaves sessile,. 
 
 usually obtuse E. paluatre. 
 
 Mostly branched above ; leaves more acute. 
 
 Crisp-pubescent: leaves very narrow, petioled, 
 
 E. lineare. 
 
 Softly white-glandulic: leaves lanceolate, sessile, 
 
 E. stricturi. 
 
 Leaves not revolute, sometimes involute 'n paniculatum. 
 Innovations i.nd seeds as in the last group, 
 
 hybrids of E. paluitre. 
 
 m 
 
 n^. 
 
WnaL 1 
 
 REVISION OF EPII.OBIUlf. 
 
 77 
 
 19' 
 
 ill 
 
 Innovations various, never filiform. 
 
 KoHuliferous, unbraucbed, not ccspltose: leaves 
 very blunt, croTvded below : seeds as in the laHt 
 
 group E. Davuricum. 
 
 Annuals, with broad obovold seedsand very decidu- 
 ous coma. 
 Dichotomons, glabrous or glandular : seeds 
 
 large (1x2 mm.) E. panieulalum. 
 
 Simple or panicled, crisp-pubescent: seeds iiiilf 
 
 as large E. minutum. 
 
 Tnrioniferous : coma more persistent. Small plants. 
 Branched: leaves small, acute, petioled : coma 
 
 reddish E. leptocarpum 
 
 Simple, or sometimes branched below In tlie 
 
 first and cespitose in the last: leaves sessile 
 
 or sub8'>S8ile : seeds broader, with pale coma. 
 
 Tomentose throughout and somewhat 
 
 pilose E. ursinum, var. subfalcatum. 
 
 No long hairs: glabrous below or crisp- 
 pubescent in lines only. 
 Not cespitose: pubescence scanty: 
 leaves obtuse, drying light, the upper 
 nearly linear . .JE?. ilelicatum, var. teuue. 
 Often cespitose : quite glandular above, 
 even as to the subacute leaves whicli 
 
 dry dark E. saximontanum. 
 
 Soboliferous and cespitose, glaucous : seeds broad, 
 
 E. Qlaberrimum. 
 
 Cespitose by stolons,very slender-stemmed, notpilose, 
 occasionally glaucous in the first : seeds elongated. 
 Leaves erect, narrow, keeled below* 
 
 E. Oregonense, var. gradUimum, 
 
 Leaves more spreading, broader, not keeled, 
 
 E. clavatum. 
 
 b. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, evidently toothed, veiny (or often 
 subentire and less veiny in the last t>'vee), not revolute. 
 Dichotomous, annual : pubescence not crisp : leaves slender- 
 stalked, acute : seeds very broad and obtuse, 
 
 E. paniculatum. 
 
 Simple or nearly so, apparently annual: pubescence 
 
 crisp, dwarf form referred to E. adenoeaulon. 
 
 Bosulif eroas : not glaucous : leaves with at least short winged 
 petioles. 
 Flowers large for the group, the violet petals 6 to 10 
 mm. long. Pacific species. 
 
 Stem subtomentose, little branched: leaves elliptic- 
 al, obtuse: flowers protruding beyond the ter- 
 minal leaves .E. Wataoni. 
 
79 
 
 MISSOUBI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 
 
 Olabnte below, more branched : leares OTate-lanceo- 
 late, the upper acute. 
 
 Leaves crowded above : flowers L. "ily surpassing 
 the uppermost leaves: glandular pubescence coarse 
 
 and dingy above B. Franeucanum. 
 
 (Young glandulomm and bonale might be sought 
 here.) 
 Leaves more remote: flowers conspicuously pro> 
 trading: pubescence fine, sometimes incurved, 
 
 E. admoeaulon, var. ocddetOale. 
 
 Flowers smaller, the petals 8 to 6 mm. long. 
 
 Seeds obconical, beakless, 1.6 mm. long: coma 
 reddish : leaves lanceolate, acute, sharply serru- 
 late s. coloratum. 
 
 Seeds nearly ellipsoidal, about 1 mm, long, sbort- 
 bealced at summit : coma white or pale. 
 Leaves narrowly lanceolate. 
 
 Much branched: leaves often obtuse, not 
 deeply serrulate, at least the uppermost 
 
 nnd the twigs silky E. holoserieeum 
 
 Little branched: leaves acute, sharply 
 
 toothed, glabrate E. Fendlert. 
 
 Leaves broader, elliptical to ovate-lanceolate. 
 Sharply toothed: flower buds crisp-pubes- 
 cent. 
 
 Southwestern: leaves elliptical, ob- 
 
 tnse E. Novo-Mexieanufn. 
 
 Northwestern and Pacific: leaves 
 ovate- to triangular-lanceolate : pubes- 
 cence chiefly glandular, 
 
 E. adenoeaxdon. 
 
 Alaskan: leaves broadly lanceolate, 
 
 acute: pubescence crisp.. £. boreale. 
 
 Less deeply and sharply toothed: petioles 
 
 frequently very short In the first. 
 
 Pubescence fine, short-glandular (or in 
 
 some forms somewhat crisp), 
 
 E. admoeaulon. 
 
 Pubescence not glandular, somewhat di- 
 vergent above in the second. 
 Finally much branched: lower leaves 
 obtuse: pubescence short and subto- 
 mentose on flower buds. ..E. PariBhii. 
 Little branched : leares acute, thin and 
 elongated: pul>e8cence of buds 
 coarse, somewhat spreading, 
 
 E. Califomieum. 
 
RBTISION OF EPILOBIUM. 
 
 7» 
 
 HI 
 
 TariOBlferous plants only exceptloually branching, not 
 glaacous. 
 ItMTCs petioled, small and spreading, 
 
 E. leptocarpum, var. Maeounii. 
 
 liBSfes freqaently petioled, ample. 
 
 Alaskan ; branching, leafj; leaves serrate, drying 
 
 dark £* boreaU. 
 
 Of the Columbia region : simple, less leafy : leaves 
 
 low-denticulate, light green B. delicatum. 
 
 Jjtama sessile (or sabpetioled in $nximontanum if 
 looked for here, and as to occasional leaves of 
 br*9Utylum). 
 Some leaves clasping-decurrent : stem mostly sim- 
 ple: seeds obtuse below, gradually tai/Oring above 
 
 into a broad pale beak E. Halleanum. 
 
 Leaves not decurrent : seeds acute below, more abruptly 
 •hort-beaked. 
 Leaves medium-sized : petals about 5 mm. : seeds 
 rather acute at top. 
 Pubescence long and spreading below, 
 
 E. urainum. 
 
 Pobescence not pilose. 
 
 Leaves narrow, typically erect, acute, 
 
 E. Drummondii. 
 
 Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute: stem very 
 
 crisp-pubescent above,, .young J?. boreaU. 
 
 Leaves ovate, more obtuse, drying pale: 
 
 pubescence scanty E. brevistylum. 
 
 Leaves ample, broadly ovate, the upper often ex- 
 
 oeeding the inflorescence, drying dark: petals 
 
 aboutZmm.: seeds obtuse at top.. .£. glandulosum. 
 
 Sobollferous, ascending at base, at length often cespltose or 
 
 with sterile basal shoots. 
 
 Glaucous, without pubescent lines: leaves subsessile, 
 
 . .broad-leaved E. glabetrimum, and its var. latifolium. 
 
 Not glaucous, crisp-pubescent in lines : leaves evidently 
 
 petioled, rather thin E. HomemamU. 
 
 Stoloniferons, ascending a*^ base, quite cespltose: leaves 
 laall for tbe group, often nearly sessile, firm, 
 
 E. clavatum. 
 
80 
 
 MISSOURI BOTANICAL OABDEN. 
 
 STNOPSIS OF NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES. 
 
 f 1. CAama»cWon.— Calyx cleft almost to the oraryt corolla slightly 
 Irregular, thu petals usually entire, widely expanding, their margins 
 scarcely meeting : stamens Inserted in a single series, the filaments di- 
 lated below : style at first recurred : stigma with 4 ultimately divergent 
 lobes: capsule mostly llncar-fuslform, many-seeded: seeds faslform, 
 bcalclcss, not papillate In ov . opecios. — Cespitose perennials from a stout 
 caudex bearing sessile scaly winter buds, with terete stems scaly below, 
 and ample leaves ; our species more or less canescent bat not glandular. 
 
 1. E. SPIGATUM, Lam. — Mostly a couple of feet high, 
 subsimple, glabrate below; leaves as much as 150 mm. 
 long, alternate, lanceolate, acute, nearly entire, very short- 
 stalked, paler below, thin, pinnately veined with the evi- 
 dent lateral veins confluent in submarginal loops ; inflor- 
 escence elongated, racemose, with small bracts; young 
 flower-buds soon reflexed but again spreading or ascending 
 before expansion; petals 10 to 15 mm. long; style ex- 
 ceeding the stamens, hairy at base; capsules 50 to 75 cam. 
 long, from subsessile to long-stalked; iieeds .4 x 1.4 mm., 
 withverylongdingycoma. — Fl.Fr.iii. (1778), 482; Wat- 
 son, Index, 366. — B. anguatifolia, /9. L. Sp. 347. — E. 
 angvatifolium^ Hausskn. Monogr. 37, and many writers. — 
 Usually on hillsides, railroad embankments, etc., Labrador 
 to Alaska, south to the mountains of North Carolina, Illi- 
 nois, New Itlexico, and the hills of southern California ; also 
 in Greenland, Europe and Asia. — Specimens examined from 
 Maine, Neiv Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, New 
 Jersey, Delaware, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Ne- 
 braska, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, Montana, Arizona, 
 Nevada, California, Oregon, Alaska, and various parts of 
 Canada and British America. — Plate 1. 
 
 Varying much in breadth of leaves, length of capsule, 
 and degree of canescence. An albino with more than 
 usually canescent pods is var. caneacenst Wood, Class Book, 
 2 ed., 262, which is essentially the iormaalbiflora of Hauss- 
 knecht, Monogr. 38, and Britton, Cat. PI. N. J., 108. Lux- 
 
REVISION OF EI'ILOBU'M. 
 
 81 
 
 
 uriant specimens collected in Alaska by Harrington, in 
 1872, have leaves 40 mm. wide, bracts leafy, uad the stylo 
 storter than the stamens but hairy at base. 
 
 Though Professor Haussknecht adopts the Linnean name 
 for this species, it appears wiser to use that proposed by 
 Lamarck, the typical anguatifoUum of Linnaeus ' nng ac- 
 cording to him what is commonly known as E. Dodoncei, 
 Vlll. 
 
 2. E. LATiFOLiUM, L. — A Span to usually a foot or more 
 high, frequently branched, mostly glabrate below ; leaves 
 rarely 50 mm. long, usually opposite and connected below 
 on the branches and rarely on the main stem, lanceolate to 
 ovute, acute at both ends, entire or sparingly and minutely 
 denticulate, scarcely petioled, pale, rather coriaceous, the 
 mostly free lateral veins inconspicuous ; inflorescence usually 
 short and few flowered, leafy throughout, the buds not re- 
 flexed; petals 15 to 30 mm. long, rather narrow; style 
 shorter than the stamens, glabrous ; capsules sometimes short 
 and stout ; seeds .5 x 2 to 2.5mm. ; otherwise like the last. — 
 Sp. i. (1753), 347; Watson, Index, 365; Haussknecht, 
 Monogr. 190. — Damp places, Arctic America from Labra- 
 dor to Alaska, extending southward to Canad&( Allen)^ the 
 mountains of Colorado, nnd N. E. Oregon. Also in the 
 arctic regions of the Old World, extending in Asia to the 
 Himalayas. — Specimens examined from Labrador, Canada, 
 Bepulse Bay (Hall), Grinnell Land (Greely), Montana, 
 Colorado, Union Co. Oregon ( Cusick)^ British Columbia, 
 Alaska, and the islands of Bering Strait. — Plate 2. 
 
 Our plants belong to the less hairy and more glaucous form . 
 The name wus originally spelled latifolia by Linnaeus. 
 Plants from a high latitude are usually larger-flowered, with 
 broad petals, constituting the variety grar^iflortmit Britton. 
 
 \ 2. Lyttmachion. — Calyx with an evident though nsually short tube 
 mostly somewhat hairy within : corolla regular, the petals deeply notched 
 or obcordate, usually not expanding beyond f nnnel form, their margins 
 then overlapping: stamens Inserted In two more or less distinct whorls, 
 those opposite the sepals longer and more deeply Inserted: style not 
 declined, mostly glabrous. 
 
89 
 
 MISSOURI liOTANICAL GARDEN. 
 
 * Stigma 4-cleft! seeds beaklcss. — Perennials irith rather 8lend«r 
 caudex or root-stock anU UHualiy terete stems (somewhat quadranKular 
 in •u/ruticosum, and with decurrent lines In luteum). — From the stiK- 
 raatlc characters, E. ezaltatum and E. Oreganum might bo looked (or 
 here. 
 
 •*- Capsules llncar-f uslforin, sa^ much as 75 mm. long, many-seeded : 
 seeds beakless. — Rather tall plants with ample conspicuously veined 
 chiefly opposite leaves, and large lloKers with short and open calyx- 
 tube. 
 
 E. BiRSUTUM, L. — Spreading by long subterranean 
 shoots at length bulbiferous or rosuliferous at end, mostly 
 a couple of feet high, with ascending branches, hirsute with 
 soft white hairs ; leaves as much as 75 mm. long, oblong- 
 lanceolate, acute, prominently serrulate, sessile and fre- 
 quently clasping-decurrent, thin but not very veiny ; 
 flowers rather abundant in the upper axils, erect; petals 
 rose-purple, 10 to 15 mm. long, hairy at base within; style 
 included ; capsules short stalked ; seeds oblong, densely 
 papillate, .5 x 1.1 mm., with pale coma. — Sp. 1. (1753), 
 347; Watson, Index, 365. — Waste grounds at various 
 points on the Massachusetts and Rhode Island coast, and in 
 the interior of New York and Ontario. — A European plant 
 doubtfully established in this country. — Plate 3. 
 
 E. PARViFLORUM, Schreber, an old world species of the pubescence 
 and habit of the preceding, but rosuliferous at base and with very mnch 
 smaller flowers, has been collected on ballast at Hoboken, N. J., by Hon. 
 Addison Brown, but does not belong to our flora. It has also been re- 
 ported as E, pubescent, Roth. 
 
 3. E. LUTEUM, Pursh. — A foot or two high, nearly 
 simple, glabrate below except along the elevated lines 
 decurrent from some of the nodes; leaves 25 to 75 mm. 
 long, ovate or elliptical to broadly lanceolate, acute or 
 acuminate, sinuate-toothed, sessile or when large obliquely 
 tapering to winged petioles, slightly fleshy, rather pale; 
 inflorescence more or less incurved- or glandular-pubes- 
 cent, the flowers at first nodding, not very numerous, in 
 the axils of the somewhat crowded and frequently reduced 
 upper leaves; petals bright yellow, 15 to 18 mm. long; 
 
KEVISION OF EFILOHILM. 
 
 83 
 
 style frequently exserted, it.s ohconical apex mostly deeply 
 4-partod; capsules long-Htalked, more or less pubcrulunt; 
 seeds obovoid, very ueuto at Imno, smooth or slightly 
 areolatcd, .5 x 1.25 mm. ; coma at length reddish. — Fl. i. 
 (1814), 259; Watson, Index, 3(S5; Haussknecht, Monogr. 
 245; Barbcy & CuiHm, pi. 1. — Oregon to Alaska and the 
 islands of the Northwest, cast to the Selkirk Range of 
 British Columbia. Also in eastern Siberia, ^de Ledebour . — 
 Specimens examined from Alaska, Washington, Oregon^ 
 and the Selkirk Range (Macoun). 
 
 •*- •«- Capsules rather short, subclaTatc-fuHlform, fewer-seeded. — 
 Rather low and slender-stemmed more or Ichs ccspltoso plants, with 
 bark usually somewhat papery-ezloliatlug at base. 
 
 4- Leaves rather broad : flowers large, rose-purple: style shorter than 
 the petals: seeds obloog-fusiform, papillate (except in the tlrst?). 
 
 4. E. RioiDCM, Hausskn. — A span or two high, sub- 
 simple, glabrous and rather glossy at base, glandular-pubes- 
 cent above ; leaves about 40 mm. long, the upper more or 
 less alternate, lanceolate to nearly obovate, acute, entire, 
 frequently oblique, cuneately narrowed into short winged 
 petioles, glabrous and very glaucous, firm, with mostly in- 
 conspicuous lateral veins ; flowers rather few in the axils of 
 the reduced upper leaves which are often adnate to the 
 bases of the peduncles ; ovary densely white-glandular ; 
 calyx cleft to within 1 mm. of the base, open ; petals 15 
 to 20 mm. long; stigma very large, its surface pilose- 
 papillate ; seeds ( immature) apparently smooth. — Oesterr. 
 bot. Zeitschr.xxix.( 1879), 51 ; Monogr. 249, pi. 13,f.64.— 
 Southern Oregon: Coast Range, lat. 42° (Jide Hauss- 
 knecht); Waldo (Howell, July 1888, distributed as 
 No. 698). — Plate 5. 
 
 Var. CANE8CEN8. — Densely velvety-canescent through- 
 out. —Waldo, Oregon (Howell, July 12, 1887, No. 698). 
 
 5. E. OBCORDATUM, Gray. — About a span high, con- 
 siderably branched near the base and sometimes with long 
 
84 
 
 BIKSMOUKI UOTAMCAL OARDKN. 
 
 Hpiirinf;ly leafy documhont bruucbos, glubrou8or with glandu- 
 lur influroHcvnuo ; Icuvoh 15 to 20 mm. long, ull opposito, 
 flliptical to ovate, obturto, remotely repiind toothed, abruptly 
 rounded to uhort winged petioles, typically very glaucous 
 with uiconspicuou.s lateral veiuii but drying ruthor thin ; tlow- 
 cm few, often Hiendor-peduncled, in the axils of the scarcely 
 reduced upper leaves ; calyx-tube cylindrical to funneUform, 
 2 to 4 mm. long; petals about 15 mm. long; capsules 
 It'M.s cluvato, about 30 mm. long, equalling or exceeding the 
 very ulcndor peduncles ; stigma only half us large as in the 
 last, with short pupilkv>; seeds .5 x 1.5 to 1.7 mm., finely 
 papillate; coma white or dingy. — Proc. Amer. Acad. vi. 
 (1865), 532; Watson, Index, 305; Haussknecht, Mon- 
 ograph, 250, pi. 15, f. 69 ; Barbey & Cuisin, pi. 3. —Cen- 
 tral California, and in the East Humboldt Mountains of 
 Nevada ( Wataon). — Plate 6. 
 
 ♦♦ <-» Lfiivfs relatively narrower: flowerH Hinallcr, eream-culored : 
 style ezserted; HeudH ueurly obconlcal, cloauly low-papillate. 
 
 6. E. 8UFPRUTico8UM,Nutt. — More woody and intricately 
 much branched at base, a span high, minutely canescent 
 throughout or at length glabrato below ; leaves numerous, 
 under 20 mm. long, mainly opposite, broadly lanceolate, 
 acutish, entire, cuneately narrowed but hardly petioled, 
 thick, with inconspicuous veins ; flowers rather few in the 
 axils of the scarcely reduced upper leaves ; calyx-tube 
 broadly funnel-form, about 3 mm. long; petals 5 to 8 mm. 
 long ; capsule 25 mm. long, short-stalked ; seeds .8 to 
 1 X 2.3 to 2.5 mm. ; coma long and very dingy, readily fall- 
 ing. —Torr. & Gr. Fl. i. ( 1840), 488; Watson, Index, 367 ; 
 Haussknecht, Monogr. 250, pi. 13, f. 63; Coulter, Rocky 
 Mt. Botany, 102 ; Burbey «& Cuisin, pi. 4. — Oregon (Nut- 
 tall) to northwestern Montana and the Yellowstone Park. 
 — Plate 7. 
 
 * * stigma more or leas 4 -cleft in the larger flowers, usually aubentire 
 in the smaller: capsules prominently ril)bed, rather short and few 
 seeded: seeds beaklcss, very broad and blunt, usually abruptly con- 
 
RKVIHION OK KI>IIX)IIIt'M. 
 
 85 
 
 tracted ahnro the ItaMo, amolato or InwpaplllatP: coma pnio, falling 
 eaally. — Muxtljr hIuikIit aiiuuulu irltti t«ret« hUjiiim mom or leMNKluiKiular- 
 putMiflcunt almvu nnd with aomowhat vzfollatliitt >*<>rk iit )>am>, iiiul rather 
 ttriD nuarly vvlulust luavus oxccpt iu broail*loavc(i tormH u( paniculatum. 
 
 i 
 
 7. E. PANICULATUM, Nutt. — A foot Of two high, loosely 
 dichotomou:«, mostly glubruto at baso ; loiivot} 30 to 50 
 mm* long, chietly alternate and fusciclod in the axil^, 
 lanceolate or linour-lanceolate, often somewhat folded 
 along the midrib, acute, rather sparingly denticulate, taper- 
 ing to a slender winged base, gradually paHsiiig into the 
 smaller bractd ; flowers rather remote, toward the ends of 
 the ascending branches, erect, the bracts often carried up 
 on their peduncles ; calyx-tube very narrowly funnel-form, 
 3 to 6 mm. long ; petals about 8 mm. long, violet ; capsules 
 fusiform, falcate, ascending, about 20mm. long; seeds 1x2 
 mm., low papillate. — Torr. & Gr. Fl. i. (1840), 490; 
 Watson, Index, 866 ; Huussknecht, Monogr. 246, pi. 2, f. 
 27 ; Barbey & Cuisin, pi. 8 ; Coulter, Rocky Mt. Bot. 102. — 
 San Diego county, California, to Vancouver Island, Ari- 
 zona and Colorado, extending eastward through British 
 America to the Canadian shore of Lake Huron ( Macoun). — 
 Specimens examined from Vancouver Island and various 
 points in the Rocky Mountains of British America, Washing- 
 ton, Oregon, California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, 
 Idaho, and Montana, as well as the Lake Huron specimen of 
 Macoun. — Plate 8. 
 
 Quite variable in robustness, length of calyx-tube, size of 
 flowers (sometimes not over 3 mm. long) and leaves, and 
 in the staring pubescence, which sometimes stops abruptly 
 a short distance below the ovary, while some specimens are 
 perfectly glabrous and others very glandular throughout. 
 
 Var. JUCUNDUM (Gray). — Usually somewhat glaucous, 
 less dichotomous, and with shorter and more thyrsoid in- 
 florescence ; leaves rather firmer ; petals as much as 20 
 mm. long and rather widely expanding, deep violet ; style 
 frequently exserted ; capsules erect and mostly crowded : 
 otherwise like the type, which almost passes into it through 
 
88 
 
 MISSOURI BOTANICAL OAKDEN. 
 
 the larger-flowered forms — E. jucundunif Gray, Proc. 
 Amer. Acad. xii. (1876), 57; Barbey & Cuisin, pi. 11. — 
 SJ. paniculatum, /3. tubulosa, Haussknecht, Monogr. 247. 
 — California: Sierra and Siskiyou counties (G'rcene) and 
 Plumas county (Mrs. Ames), to Washington {PringUy 
 >S'u^•s(^or/). — Plato9. 
 
 8. E. MINUTDM, Lindl. — A span or two to occasion- 
 ally a foot or more high, simple or mostly with ascend- 
 ing branches throughout, crisp-pubescent below ; leaves 
 under 20 mm. long, usually alternate except in small 
 specimens, narrowly to broadly lanceolate or the lowest 
 spatulate, acutish, undulate, cuneately narrowed to the 
 slender winged base, the uppermost scarcely bract-like; 
 flowers rather numerous, distributed along the stem, erect; 
 calyx-tube broadly funnel-form, short; petals 3 to 4 mm. 
 long, violet or pale ; capsules arcuate-ascending, about 25 
 mm. long, much narrowed to the base, short-stalked ; seeds 
 .3 to .5 X .7 to 1 mm., reticulated or low-papillate. — Hooker, 
 Flor. Bor.-Amer. i. (1833) 207; Watson, Index, 365; 
 Haussknecht, Monogr. 248 ; Barbey & Cuisin, pi. 7. — Cali- 
 fornia to Vancouver Island, east to Lake Athabasca ( Ma- 
 coun). — Specimens examined from California, Oregon, 
 Washington, Vancouver Island, and various points in British 
 Columbia. — Plate 10. 
 
 Var. FOLiosuM, Torr. &Gr. Fl. i. (1840), 490, is a form 
 of the general distribution of the species, with narrow 
 leaves much fascicled in the axils. — Specimens examined 
 from Guadelupe Island (Palmer, 31 ),and the regions named. 
 
 While the stigma varies from nearly peltate or capitate 
 and subentire to somewhat 4-lobed, the fimbriation which 
 led Spach (Monogr. Onagr. 1835, 84 ; Ann. Sci. nat., 2 ser. 
 iv. 174) to create for this species the genus Crossostigma, 
 is not evident in any specimen studied by me. It may pos- 
 sibly refer to the torn pollen tubes frequently observable 
 on old stigmas from which the germinated pollen has beea 
 rubbed away. 
 
REVISION OF EPILOBIUM. 
 
 87 
 
 { 
 
 * * * stigma clavate, entire or but slightly notched : coma of seeds 
 mostly persistent. — Plants of various habit, perennial by rhizomes, 
 stolons, turions, etc. (Exceptions are E. exaltatum and E. Oreganum, 
 both of Trbich have conspicuouMly 4-Iobed stigmas.) 
 
 ■*- Spreading by filiform remotely scaly subterranean shoots, which end 
 in ovoid winter bulblets with flcsliy scales: capi^ules linear-fusiform, 
 many seeded : seeds more or less papillate, mostly fusiform, with con- 
 spicuous translucent beak at insertion of coma. — Generally slender 
 plants with terete stems (or these with slightly prominent or pubescent 
 lines in palustre), narrow minutely revolu^e leaves entire or rarely very 
 remotely and obscurely denticulate, and small rosy or white flowers with 
 short funnel-shaped calyx-tube. 
 
 4-» A foot or two high, asnally corymbose above, especially In the 
 typical form of the second : leaves numerous, ascending, chiefly alternate 
 except the lowest, cuneatcly short petioled in the second only : flowers 
 namei'ous, erect, in the upper axils : coma somewhat dingy. 
 
 9. E. 8TRICTUM, Muhl. — Pubescent throughout with soft 
 spreading white hairs ; leaves '5 to 40 mm., rather obtuse, 
 with evident lateral veins ; petals 4 to 7 mm. long; cap- 
 sules 50 to 75 mm., much exceeding their peduncles; seeds 
 .4 to .5 X 1.8 mm., nearly obconical, more prominently papil- 
 late than those of the following two species. — Catal. 
 (1813), 39, with no description other than the word 
 *♦ soft," referring to the very characteristic pubescence; 
 Sprengel, Syst. ii. (1825), 233, with description; Hauss- 
 knecht, Monogr. 25^.— E. molle, Torr. Fl. U. S. (1824), 
 396, but not Lamarck ; Watson, Index, 365 ; Barbey and 
 Cuisin, pi. 12 (the text as E. strictum^ Muhl). — Bogs, New 
 England, Canada West, and Minnesota, to Illinois and Vir- 
 ginia. — Specimens examined from various points in Canada, 
 Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode 
 Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, 
 Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. — 
 Plate 11. 
 
 10. E. LiNEARE, Muhl. — Canescent throughout with 
 ihort incurved hairs ; leaves as long as in the last, linear- 
 lanceolate, acute, without evident lateral veins; petals 3 to 
 5 mm. long; capsules 50 mm., often on long slender pedun- 
 cles; seeds fusiform, .4x1.5 mm. — Cat. (1813), 39, with 
 
m/m 
 
 88 
 
 MlSSOUirl KOT>^'CAL GARDEN. 
 
 no dcjscription further than the expression " linear-leaved ;'* 
 Barton Comp. FI. Philad. i. (1818), 183; Hausskn. 
 Monogr. 255, pi. 2, f. 25. — E. palustre^ var. Uneare, Gray, 
 and Watson, Index, 366. — Bogs, New Brun<jwick to the 
 belkirk Range (Macoun), south to the Yellowstone Park, 
 Indian Territory, Illinois, and Delaware. — Specimens ex- 
 amined from Princo Edward's Island and various parts of 
 Canada and British America, Maine, New Hampshire, Mas- 
 sachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Delaware, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, Kansas, Indian 
 Territory (Bigelow)^ Nebraska, and the Yellowstone re- 
 gion. The specimens on which Haussknecht extends the 
 range of Uneare to Oregon doubtless belong to the next 
 species. — Plate 12. — Specimens with more lanceolate leaves 
 with evident lateral veins, occasionally occur, even in regions 
 where U. palustre i& not found, so that they can scarcely 
 be looked on as hybrids. 
 
 Var. OLiGANTHUM (Michx.), (E. oliganthuniy Michx. in 
 part), of the middle Atlantic region, a simple few-flowered 
 form with the opposite leaves more obtuse and less evi- 
 dently petioled, may perhaps be distinguished. 
 
 If the custom of replacing Muhlenberg's names, owing to 
 incomplete description, should ever become prevalent, the 
 very descriptive name E. densunif Raf. Desv. Journ. de 
 Bot. ii. (1814), 271, may come to replace the one here 
 employed for this species. 
 
 *^** A. span to a foot high, usually simple, rather less woody : leaves 
 fewer, suberect, chiefly opposite, evidently veined, gradually narrowed 
 to a sessile base : flowers few, mostly nodding at flrst : coma paler. 
 
 11. £. PALUSTRE, L. — Quite canescent above with in> 
 curved hairs; leaves 25 to 50 mm. long, narrowly oblong or 
 exceptionally lanceolate, obtuse or almost truncate ; fruiting 
 peduncles often long and slender ; seeds fusiform, .4 to 
 .5 X 1.5 to 2 mm., with prominent scarcely narrowed trans- 
 lucent apex. — Sp. i. (1753), 348; Watson, Index, 366; 
 Haussknecht, Monogr. 128. — Swamps and wet places^ 
 
REVISION oy ICriLOUIUM. 
 
 89 
 
 New Brunswick to Alaska and the northwestern islands, south 
 to lower Canada, the mountains of Colorado, and Washing- 
 ton ; also in Europe <ind Asia, extending into India: — a 
 boreal plant, so far as o'" continent is concerned. — Speci- 
 mens examined from many parts of Canada and British 
 America, Alaska, Bering Straits, Washington {ISuksdorf, 
 1881, as E. coloratiim), and Colorado. — Plate 13. 
 
 Forma Lahradorica, Hausskn. — A span or two high; 
 leaves oblong-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, more diver- 
 gent; flowers solitary or few, very nodding. — Monogr. 
 131. — Wet places and bogs, Labrador to the White 
 Mountains of New Hampshire, in the former locality, es- 
 pecially, passing into the usual western form. — Plate 13. 
 
 E. anagallidifolium, so far as the Eastern States are 
 concerned, seems to rest upon this form, which in a dwarfed 
 state considerably reseT.oles it, but may always be recog- 
 nized by its revolute leaves, very cinereous inflorescence, 
 long, papillate seeds, and ( when obtainable ) filiform bulb- 
 iferous shoots. 
 
 •*- ■*- Innovationa unknown : habit of E. paluatre, but the leaves more 
 alternate, sparingly toothed, and not revolute : seeds obovoid, beakless, 
 slightly papillate. 
 
 E. PSBUDO-UNBARB, Hausskn. — Slender-Stemmed, firm, a span to a 
 foot high, pubescent with very short subappressed hairs; leaves as 
 much as 20 mm. long, linear, abruptly callous-pointed, mostly promi- 
 nently undulate-toothed, sessile, cinereous on both faces, rather thick 
 and firm and without conspicuous lateral veins; petals 6 mm. long, 
 purple; capsules 60 mm., slender, on rather long slender peduncles; 
 immature seeds obovoid, rounded at top, .6x1 mm. — Monogr. 253, pi. 
 16, f. 73. — California, at the Russian Settlement (specimen in Ub. 
 Fetropol.),;!de Haussknecht. 
 
 Unknown to me, and suspected by Professor Haussknecht to be a 
 hybrid of uncertain parentage. 
 
 4- ■•- 4- Producing at baseof stem in late summer and autumn, rosettes 
 of foliage leaves, sessile or ending short scaly shoots: leaves not 
 revolute, more or less toothed: seeds papillate. 
 
 •t-f Habit of E. paluatre: stems terete or with occasional low decurrent 
 lines: seeds fusiform, prominently beaked. 
 
90 
 
 MISSOURI BOTANICAL OABDEN. 
 
 12. E. Da\'Ubicum, F'ischer . — A span or two high, mostly 
 simple, the very slender stem sparingly incurved-pubescent, 
 otherwise glabrous ; roots densely fascicled ; leaves less 
 than 15 mm. long, somewhat crowded at base, alternate 
 and remote above, linear or oblong, obtuse, remotely 
 denticulate, sessile, 1-ncrved; flowers pale, not very 
 numerous, nodding ; capsules erect, 40 mm., on long slender 
 peduncles; seeds .4x1.5 mm.; coma white — Hornem. 
 Suppl. Hort. Bot. Havn. (1819), 44; Haussknecht, 
 Monogr. 145, pi. 2, f . 23 and 36. —Bogs, Alaska to Wash- 
 ington {fide Haussknecht), east to the Selkirk Range of 
 British America {Macoun). A Siberian plant. — Plate 14. 
 
 In one of Professor Macoun's specimens the beak of the 
 seed is very narrow and .3 mm. long. 
 
 ♦♦ 4-» Coarser, branched plants, of the habit of E. colorcAum: stems with 
 rather prominent ridges decurrent from some of the leaves (or these 
 more or less evanescent in holonericeum): leaves usually ample, com- 
 monly toothed, and with evident lateral veins : capsules 40 to 50 mm. 
 long: seeds mostly broadly obovoid, short-beaked, sharply papillate la 
 rather distinct longitudinal lines, (finely papillate In holoaericeum, 
 nearly obconical and beakless in coloratum, and more fusiform in 
 Fendleri). 
 
 = Large flowered for the group, with rather deep violet petals 6 to 10 
 mm. long: hairs within calyx-cube well developed: leaves mainly 
 o|>po8lte, 25 to 50 mm. long. — Two species closely related to E. 
 adenocaulon. 
 
 13. E. Franciscanum, Barbey. — A span to mostly a 
 foot or two high, the larger forms much branched, glabrate 
 below, subcan': scent or more or less pilose above; leaves 
 elliptical-lanceolite to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, with rather 
 numerous and prominent serrations, rounded to the very 
 short and broad petioles, the uppermost frequently pilose 
 along the midrib, etc. ; flowers at first crowded, scarcely 
 exceeding the somewhat reduced leaves clustered at end of 
 branches ; seeds broad, very hyaline-papillate, .4 to .5 x 1 
 mm., the short beak also more or less papillate ; coma some- 
 times tawny. — Brewer & Watson, Bot. Calif, i. (1876), 
 220; Haussknecht, Monogr. 262; Burbey &Cuisin,pl. 12. — 
 
 i!i 
 
REVISIOV OF Eli>ILOBIUM. 
 
 n 
 
 Esmeralda county, Nevada ( Shockley), western central Cali- 
 fornia, and Oregon (Hall, and y. \V. Bound. Surv.). — 
 Plate 15. 
 
 The larger, more glabrous and compound form, figured 
 by Barbey & Cuisin, approaches the usual Pacific variety 
 of adenocaulon, the flowers of which are sometimes rather 
 large but more loosely arranged. Specimens collected by 
 Macoun on Vancouver Island and in the Rocky Mountains 
 of British Columbia, are doubtfully referred here, though 
 they may belong to adenocaulon. The smaller, more closely 
 crisp-hairy form approaches the next species, and is well 
 represented by Hall, no. 177 a, from Oregon. A curious 
 simple plant with large glossy thin leaves, scarcely to be 
 refei'red elsewhere, occurs from Queen Charlotte's Islands, 
 B. C. (Dawson, July 10, 1878, no. 1932 in hb. Macoun.) 
 
 14. E. Watsoni, Barbey. — Becoming a foot and a half 
 high, with less marked lines, softly crisp-downy through- 
 out ; leaves elliptical, rather obtuse, slightly denticulate, 
 rounded to short winged petioles ; flowers not very numer- 
 ous, suberect, in the axils of the gradually reduced more 
 lanceolate and acute upper leaves; seeds coarsely papillate, 
 .3 X 1.25 mm., barely umbonatc at top; coma dingy. — 
 Brewer & Wataon, Bot. Calif, i. (1876), 219 ; Haussknecht, 
 Monogr. 263; Barbey & Cuisin, pi. 6. — Various parts of 
 Calif ornia, j^c^e Haussknecht. — Known to me with cer- 
 tainty only in the original specimens in Hb. Gray, from 
 the Russian settlement, but young plants from Mariposa 
 county (Congrdon, 1890) can hardly be referred elsewhere. 
 What commonly passes for this is the preceding species. — 
 Plate 16. 
 
 = = Petals 3 to 5 mm. long, pale to mostly rather deep rose-colored: 
 leaves for the most part alternate: otherwise like the preceding gioup. 
 
 a. Narrow-leaved for the group. 
 
 15. E. HOLOSERiCEUM, n. sp. — Rather woody, loosely 
 branched, at least the upper leaves and branches canescent 
 with subappressed hairs ; leaves 50 mm. long, rather re- 
 
92 
 
 MISSOURI BOTANICAL. GAHDEN. 
 
 moto and smaller on the flowering branches, oblong-lanceo- 
 late, obtuso or exceptionally acute, undulateiy low-serru- 
 lato, narrowed or abruptly contracted and then cuneately 
 narrowed into short petioles ; flowers produced in long suc- 
 cession along tho elongated branches, erect, pale, barely 
 5 mm. long; fruiting peduncles about 10 mm. long and 
 equalling the leaves ; seeds short-beaked, very finely papil- 
 late, .4x1 mm. ; coma white or somewhat dingy. — Cali- 
 fornia: San Bernardino county (Pam/<, 1881, no. 1022) and 
 Ke"n county (Heermann, Aug. 1853, in Hb. U. S. Dep. 
 Agr. ) . Possibly also Mariposa county ( Congdoriy 1882 ) . — 
 Plate 17. 
 
 Innovations have not been seen by me, and Mr. Parish 
 considers the plant to be probably annual. In pubescence 
 it most nearly approaches E. Wat»onii while the rosy 
 flower-buds are somewhat as in E. Califomicum. 
 
 E. ADNATUM, Griseb. (^E. tetragonum of m jst old world writers, but 
 not of Linuffius Dk r of American botanists), a large European species 
 collected on ballast near Philadelphia (Martindale, June 1878, ic. Hb. 
 U. S. Dept. Agr.) I is related to the last in being pubescent above with 
 short closely appressed straight white hairs, and in having its rather 
 acute sharply serrulate leaves typically oblong with near'y parallel mar- 
 gins; but it differs from all of our rosuliferous species in tliat some of 
 the leaves are broadly sessile with tho margins decurrent on the etem into 
 prominent subglabrous lines. Its seeds are very rough. 
 
 16. E. Fendleri, Hausskn. — Slender, virgate, little 
 branched, tho inflorescence and flowers cinereous with in- 
 curved hairs ; leaves 25 to 75 mm. long, narrowly lanceo- 
 late, acute, rather sharply low-serrulate, gradually nar- 
 rowed to very short winged petioles ; seeds with very short 
 scarcely pellucid beak, .3 x 1 mm. ; coma white. — Monogr. 
 261. — New Mexico (Fendler, no. 217 in part,^tZe Hauss- 
 knecht; Wright^ 1851, no. 1065 in part, and 1849, no. 
 953, — in Hb. Gray., not distributed). — Plate 18. 
 
 h. Broader-leaved, the foliage often purple in autumn. 
 
 17. E. coLORATUM, Mulil. — Glabrate below, the rather 
 numerous panicled branches canescent with incurved hairs 
 at least along the decurrent lines, and more or less glandu- 
 
 •1 Sirni' ihii -I iIiImh 
 
UEVISION OK EPILOBIUM. 
 
 93 
 
 lar towards the end; leaves .')0 to l.OO mm. long, lanceolato 
 to oblong-lanccolato, acute, deeply an<l irregularly serru- 
 late, mostly gradually narrowed to conspicuous slender 
 petioles, glabrous except the uppermost, dull, thin, rugoso- 
 veiny ; flowers very numenms, more or less nodding ; pet- 
 als 3 to 5 mm. long, rosy ; fruiting peduncles slender, 
 mostly short; seeds obconical-fusiform, beakless, strongly 
 papillate, .3 x 1.5 mm. ; coma at length cinnamon-colored, 
 at least at base. — Willd. Enum. i. (1809), 411; Hauss- 
 knecht, Monogr. 258; Barbey & Cuisin, pi. 9. — Wet 
 ground and meadows, Canada to South Carolina, west to 
 Wisconsin, Nebraska, and Missouri. — Specimens examined 
 from Ontario, Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New 
 York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina 
 (liavenel)y West Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, Kan- 
 sas, Nebraska, Iowa, and Wisconsin. — Plate 19. 
 
 This species, the general type of which is reproduced in 
 a number of others which here follow it essentially in the 
 order of their leaf and habit resemblance, differs from all 
 of its congeners in the degree of serration of its leaves t^nd 
 especially in its elongated seeds destitute of the usual 
 apical beak, and from all with which it is likely to be con- 
 founded, in the nearly cinnamon-colored ripe coma (which, 
 however, is white in immature capsules that have dehisced 
 while drying). It is apparently everywhere associated 
 with £/. adenocaulon, which begins to flower and fruit 
 about a fortnight earlier, and differs in its very short- 
 stalked leaves, rounded at base and less sharply toothed, 
 and in its shorter seeds abruptly contracted and hyaline- 
 beaked above, and with pure white coma. West American 
 specimens which have been called J?, coloratum belong, for 
 the most part, to forms of adenocaulon, 
 
 18. E. Novo-Mexicanum, Hausskn. — With upcurving 
 branches throughout, glandular-pubescent or subcinercous 
 above; leaves 50 mm. long, elliptical-lanceolate, rather 
 obtuse and prominently serrulute, mostly gradually nar- 
 rowed to small winged petioles: otherwise about like E. 
 
94 
 
 BlISSOUKI IIOTAMCAL GARDEN. 
 
 'i i 
 
 m ^ 
 
 I 
 
 i' 
 
 adenocaulon, from which thia species appears barely separa- 
 ble by the more elliptical form and sharper serration of its 
 leaves, and its more cinereous pubescence. — Monogr. 
 2fiO. — Now Mexico (Fendler, 1847, no. 217, in part; and 
 Bigelow, on Whipple's Exped. 1853-4). — Plate 20. 
 
 E. Amkricanum, Ilausskn., Oesterr. Uot. Zeitschr. xxix. (1879), 118, 
 and Monogr. 2(i0, founded on specimens collected in tbc Saslcatchewan 
 region {Bourgeau, Aug. 1857), would appear to differ from adenocaulon 
 only in its more sparing pubescence and smaller acute leaves, and I cannot 
 separatb it. According to Ilausslcnecbt, small plants of Americanum oc- 
 cur in tiie licrbariun of the Museum at Paris, which are labeled **E. tend- 
 lum, Raf. Mts. Catskill, £t. Un. leg. Raflnesque," — but which are said 
 not to agree with Ratlnesque's description of E. tenellum {E. palu$tre). 
 Such specimens seem to come very near what I regard as a very dwarf 
 erect-leaved form of adenocaulon, collected in the White Mountains of 
 New Hampshire {Miaa Prince), the Catskillsof N. Y. (Peck, 1880), on the 
 Pic River (Loving, In lib. Gray.), on Prince Edward Island (ifacoun), 
 and In the Rocky Mountains (Bourgeau, 1858, in bb. Gray., etc.), — 
 which may be the E. ciliatum of Rafinesquc In Jomrn, Bot. 1. (1808), 
 229. These have crisp-pubescent peduncles, etc. As yet, however, 
 there is too much uncertainty about the matter to warrant the 
 application of the name ciliatum to either plant, unless for this dwarf 
 form (Plate 22) either as a variety under adenocaulon or as a valid 
 species immediately preceding it. 
 
 19. E. ADENOCAULON, Haussku. — Habit of the preced- 
 ing, the inflorescence, capsules, etc. very glandular pubes- 
 cent and with few if any incurved hairs ; leaves 50 or ex- 
 ceptionally 70 mm. long, frequently erect, elliptical to 
 mostly ovate -lanceolate, obtuse, only slightly serrulate or 
 denticulat , bruptly rounded to short winged petioles, 
 rather pule green and glossy, glabrous except the upper- 
 most, which are gradually reduced and seldom as rugose as in 
 coloratum; flowers (mostly nodding at first) and capsules 
 as in coloratum; seeds obovoid, .3 x 1.1 ram., abruptly 
 short beaked ; coma white. — Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xxix. 
 (1879), 119; Monogr. 261. — E. coloratum^ in part, of 
 most writers on the flora of the eastern and middle States ; 
 E. tetragonum of most writers on western botany, but not 
 of Linnoeus. — New Brunswick to Oregon, south to Penn- 
 sylvania, Utah and California: the Pacific Coast forma 
 
REVISION OF KIMLOniUM. 
 
 i)5 
 
 passing into the next variety. — Specimens examined from 
 New Brunswick and various parts of Canada and nriti-^ii 
 Amcrics Maine, New Hampshire, Mas!<acliusetts,Now York, 
 Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Montana, 
 Colorado, Utah, Oregon, and California. — Plato 21. 
 
 Var. occiuENTALE. — Remotely leafy, especially the 
 mostly strict very glandular branches ; leaves more trian- 
 gular-lanceolate, 5U mm. long on the main stem, erect, 
 prominently denticulate, very short-stalked, those of the 
 inflorescence small and acute at both ends. — Vancouver 
 Island and British Columbia to central California, and 
 Nevada? (Shockley, 509, in Hb. Gray.). — So far as can bo 
 judged from fragments of the inflorescence kindly sent me 
 by Dr. Urban, the plants raised in the Berlin Garden from 
 Montana seed ( iTrnMsae, 1882), and referred to U. Chilense 
 by Haussknecht (Monogr. p. 273), may belong here; for 
 although the lower leaves are described as different, the 
 upper leaves are acute at base and evidently stalked. — 
 Plate 23. 
 
 Plants from Utah, Arizona, etc. {Palmer ^ 1877, Beaver 
 City, No. 156), Siskiyou county, California (Pringle, 1881, 
 no. 110), Boulder, Col. {Henry^ 1874), etc., have the coma 
 dingy, and the foliage and even the lower part of the stem 
 very glandular-puberulent, and in aspect they approach 
 Novo-Mexicanum. They appear to be comparable with the 
 most glandular form of paniculatum, already referred to. 
 
 This variety, which appears to be best developed in the 
 upper Pacific region, sometimes comes too near U. Francis- 
 canum, but differs in its usually smaller flowers less corym- 
 bosely clustered and more acute at base, and in its shorter 
 glandular pubescence. It passes into the type by numer- 
 ous specimens from California and the adjacent and 
 northern region, some of which, however, are more cinereous 
 than the eastern form of the species.* 
 
 * E. tXALTATCM, Drcw, Bull. Torrey Bot. Clab, xvl. (1889), 151, which 
 Professor Greene informs me is the common tall plant of the northwest 
 coast, would appear to be this variety, were it not for the fact that 
 
96 
 
 MISSOURI nOTAMCAL OARDEN. 
 
 ( . 
 
 V, I 
 
 Var. ? PERPLEXAVs. — Slciulorcr, sub-HirnpIoor with few 
 ascending remotely leafy brandies, less glandular, the in- 
 florescence sometimes eancsccnt with incurved hairs ; iouvos 
 scarcely .50 mm. long, divergent, lanceolate, rather obtuse 
 and sparingly undulate-serrulate, thin and light green, the 
 up[)er acutely tapering to slender sometimes elongated 
 pelioles. — Yellowstone Park to Oregon, Colorado, New 
 Mexico, and California, apparently more abundant in the 
 eastern part of the range. — Specimens examined from the 
 Yellowstone, Oregon (Hall, 176 in part), Colorado ( Wolf, 
 1873, 154), New Mexico ( Wright, 10G5, in part; Bigelow, 
 356), Arizona {Palmer, 1860), Nevada (Truekee Valley, 
 Watson, 1867, 395 in part), and California (liothrock, 
 1875, 217; G. R. Vasey, 1880). — Plate 25. 
 
 In aspect somewhat resembling E. Californicum, to 
 which, perhaps, it is to be joined; but with the incurved 
 pubescence of JE. Fendleri and other relatives of adenocau- 
 lon on the flower-buds, etc. (which in some specimens are 
 very cinereous ), and more closely connected by intermediate 
 forms with adenocaulon than with any other species. 
 
 ' 
 
 I ; 
 
 ' 1 
 
 I. ■ 
 
 ■• 1 
 
 ,1' I 
 
 ij I 
 I 
 
 20. E. Californicum, Hausskn. — Tall, rather slender, 
 somewhat branched, glabrous below, the inflorescence and 
 buds white with long and rat' or coarse ascending hairs ; 
 leaves often 75 to 100 mm. long, Imceolate, subacute, 
 rather remotely serrulate, rounded or acutely tapering to 
 short pelioles, soon glabrous; flowers comparatively few; 
 fruiting peduncles slender, sometimes nearly equalling the 
 leaves ; capsules at length nearly glabrous ; seeds almost 
 beakloss, .4 x .9 mm. ; coma white. — Monogr. 260. — Cali- 
 fornia : (Near the Russian settlement, Wrangell, 1833, ^rfe 
 
 aiithcutic Ciiliforuiun specimens, for the privilege of examining wliich I 
 am imlebted to Professor Greeue and Dr. Brittou, possess larger flowers 
 with broad prominently 4-Iol)ed stigmas. The specimen from Mr. DrcTf 
 in the Columbia College Uerl)arium has innovations in form of open 
 turious with decidedly fleshy scales, In this respect approaching 
 E, boreale. It is quite unlike any of the species characterized by a 4-lobed 
 stigma, aud may, perhaps, prove to be a liybrid. — Plate 24. 
 
KRVISION OK EriLOIIIUM. 
 
 l»7 
 
 Huussknccht; San Diego county, Palmer, 1875, 94 in part 
 and 142; Santii Cniz Irilund, Greene, \SS(\). — Apparently 
 this t)pecic8, but with more appro8sod pubescence, in tho 
 Santa Rita Mountains of Arizona {Pringk, July 8, 
 1881.). — Plato 26. 
 
 Somewhat ijterinediate between what I have placed un- 
 der adenocaulon as vur. ( ?)p€rplexana, and tho next species. 
 
 21. E. Parishii, Trcloaae. — Tall, at length stout and 
 rather intricately branched even from tho baae, glabrous be- 
 low, tho iuflorosience and capsules very sparingly, tho young 
 buds densely white tomentoso; leaves 25 to 75 mm. long, 
 lanceolate, very obtuse or the reduced uppermost leaves 
 acutiiiih, somewhat unequally serrulate or denticulate, 
 gradually or abruptly narrowed to slender more or less 
 elongated winged petioles, rather thin and glabrous ; tiowera 
 at length numerous, suborect, rosy; fruiting peduncles 
 about 15 mm. long; seeds short beaked, .4x1 to 1.25 
 mm.; coma white. — Zoe,i.(1890), 210. — San Bernardino 
 county, California (Parish, Nov. 1889, nos. 2094 and 
 2095, tho former apparently summer seedlings or offsets 
 from the latter); and near Todos Santos, Lower Cali- 
 fornia ( Brandegee, Jan. 22, 1890), — unless this, with more 
 closely crisp flower buds, should prove to be E. Mexi- 
 canum. — Plato 27. 
 
 :t J: Habit and g' ncral characters of the preceding group, but innova- 
 tions in the form of very sliort rhizomen ending in open flestiy-leavcd 
 turions below gi-ouud or developing into rosettes or tufts of thin leaves 
 when they emerjjc : leaves not rcvolutc. 
 
 22. E. iJOKEALE, Hausskn. — Becoming large and consid- 
 erably branched, glabrate below, very crisp-pubescent above 
 even as to the young leaves and flower buds ; leaves 50 to 75 
 mm. long, ovate to lanceolate, gradually very acute, 
 coarsely denticulate to almost serrate, the upper rather 
 gradually narrowed to evident petioles, thin ; flowers finally 
 abundant, erect, rosy, 5 mm. long; capsules at length 
 glabrate, their crisp-pubescent peduncles scarcely 5 mm. 
 
j(r"» 
 
 \)H 
 
 MI880L'RI llOTANICAL OAKDEV. 
 
 1 I 
 
 \ I 
 
 t i r 
 
 
 \onfi', .scciIh and coma about ns intho last. — Monogr. 279. — 
 Grown at the Berlin (iarden in 18H3 from aocd collected in 
 Alaska by Krau.-se; Alaska, Fitther, 1H80, in hb. Kogelm., 
 and probably Meehan, 1883, in hb. Canby. 
 
 I am indebted to Dr. Urban for a specimen gathered in 
 the Berlin Garden by himnclf in 1883, and for another 
 gathered in 1884 by Mr. Hennings, from which the above 
 description is drawn. Ilaussknccht's original description 
 would make the species more closely related to E, Bon- 
 gardi than to Californicum or adenocaxdon^ — which I 
 should place these specimens near. Except in pubescence 
 they approach an I<laho specimen of what I take to be 
 adenocaulon in the Hb. U. S. Dept. Agr. (Uayden'a Exp. 
 1872), which, however, is densely short glandular through- 
 out. I have not been able to consult a later note by Pro- 
 fessor Ilaussknocht on this species, which was published in 
 1886 (Mittheil. Geogr. Ges. f. ThUringen, \y.—fide 
 Just's Juhresbericht, xiii. 2, p. 284.) 
 
 ■%?^ Producing globose or ovoid sessile or subsessile subterranean 
 Tvinter bulblets (turions) with fleshy scales: seeds papillate and more or 
 less beaked. — Mostly simple or subsimple plants with the leaves usually 
 opposite and subercct, not re volute. (Exceptions as to innovations oc- 
 cur in E. Dmmmondii and E. leptocarpum, var. Macounii, and the latter 
 species is much branched and therefore with leaves chiefly alternate. 
 The seeds of E. Halleanum are often nearly or quite smooth.) 
 
 ♦♦ Leaves mostly broad and ample or of medium size and with evident 
 lateral veins (except iu two varieties), ses.sllo or subsessile except in 
 forms of delicalum and snximontanuni: stems with more or less prom- 
 inent linos decurrent from suinu of tl>'! nodes except in some of the 
 smaller forms. — Subsimple, with nearly erect leaves except in the first. 
 
 = Larger plants, a foot or two high, except in a variety each of delica 
 turn and ursinum and in some forms intermediate between Dmmmondii 
 and aaximontanum. 
 
 23. E. DELiCATUM, n. sp. — Slender stemmed, glabrous 
 except for the criiSp-hairy lines above and slightly crisp- 
 hairy or glandular inflorescence; leaves as much as 75 mm. 
 long, mostly very divergent, chiefly ovate-lanceolate and 
 obtuse, undulately low-denticulate, rounded to the very 
 short narrow base or cuueato and somewhat petioled, thin 
 
BBVI8I(>N UK Kril.OIUl'M. W 
 
 and palo; flowora fow, nodding; petuls 5 to 8 nun. long, 
 violet ; capHulos 40 to 00 mm., thoir ttlcndcr pcduncleg about 
 half as long; socdH finely papillate, .3x1 mm.; ooniii 
 ilingy. — Union county, Oregon (Cu«cA;, 1880, No. Oil, as 
 to the larger plant, and 1882, no. 550). Specinu'nH from 
 the upper Flat Head River {Canby, 1883, No. 132), with 
 more pubeHcent stems, acuter loavcrt, and shorter poduncleH, 
 apparently also belong hero. — Plate 28. 
 
 In delicacy of leaves, this species approaches alpinum and 
 especially Californxcum^ from which it differs in pubes- 
 cence, innovations, etc. 
 
 Var. TENUE. — A span or so high, with narrow more erect 
 leaves and few pale flowers. — With tL j typo, under the 
 number 911. The unusually large turions appear to form 
 fleshy but more or less green rosettes when exposed to the 
 light, in this respect approaching tho preceding group. 
 A specimen with small turions from Washington {Brande- 
 gee, 1882, no. 284), may go here. I cannot separate from 
 this variety, specimens from Gray's Peak, Col. (Pattersont 
 Aug. 7, 1875), but these are out of the usual range of this 
 species, and in that of E. aaximontanum. — Plate 28. 
 
 24. E. OLANDULOSUM, Lchm. — Tall and rather thick 
 (but soft) stemmed, the largest specimens branched, com- 
 monly somewhat loosely crisp-pubescent above or with very 
 flexuous glandular ixairs ; leaves typically crowded near tho 
 summit, frequently exceeding the inflorescence, 80 to 120 
 mm. long, broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, the upper 
 acute or sub-acuminate, prominently serrulate, mostly 
 abruptly rounded to the base, drying dark ; flowers erect, 
 near the end of the stem ; petals 5 to 7 mm. long, more or 
 less purple; capsules about 60 mm., short-stalked, occa- 
 sionally quite pubescent; seeds coarsely hyaline-papillate 
 or with the papillae often entirely collapsed, very blunt 
 above, .5 x usually 1.5 to 1.8 mm. ; coma dingy. — Pugil- 
 lus, ii.(1830),14; Haussknecht, Monogr. 273. — Alaska and 
 across the islands of the northwest to Asia. Forms too 
 near this also in British Columbia. — Plate 29. 
 
100 
 
 BIISSOURI BOTANICAL OAKDEN'. 
 
 i I '• 
 
 I > I 
 < I I 
 I > I 
 
 I :! 
 
 I ! 
 
 
 Young specimens doubtfully referred here occur in the 
 Gray herbarium from Labrador (Aliens 1882, no. 11, us 
 £. coloratum), but I am unable to find specimens authen- 
 ticating the general distribution ascribed to the species by 
 Professor Haussknecht, on whose authority it was admitted 
 to the sixth edition of Gray's Manual. 
 
 The separated decurrent lines of some Arctic specimens 
 are more or less wing-like, then bearing prominences 
 similar to the marginal teeth of the leaves, from which the 
 specific name is said to be derived. 
 
 25. E. BREVI8TYLUM, Barbey. — Slenderer and less 
 pubescent ; leaves scarcely 40 mm. long, ovate or ellipiticals 
 more loosely and uniformly distributed along the stem, less 
 toothed, drying pale, the uppermost reduced and surpassed 
 by the searly glabrous capsules ; seeds slightly smaller, 
 tapering above, the papillae similar; coma less dingy. — 
 Brewer & Watson, Bot. Calif, i. (1876), 220; Barbey & 
 Cuisin, pi. 13. — Springs, etc., Washington to California. — 
 Apparentlj too close to the last by specimens from British 
 Columbia and Colorado ( Fasey, 1868, No. 184 ; EngeJ- 
 manut 1881), which are rather in the region of Drum- 
 mondii. — Plate 30. 
 
 I am unable to find the original specimen in the Gray 
 herbarium, but the figure of Barbey & Cuisin seems to 
 represent the form here described, which is of very differ- 
 ent appearance from the large Arctic form of glandulosum 
 to which Haussknecht doubtfully joins it. 
 
 E. affiuBy /9. faBtigiatum^ Nuttall in Torr. & Gr. Fl. i. 
 489» which might be thought to refer to this form, proves 
 (at least in Hb. Torrey. ) to be E. glaberrimumt var. lati- 
 foliumt with leaves rather more dentate than usual. 
 
 26. E. URSiNUM, S. B. Parish, in herb. — A span to a 
 foot high, slender, both leaves and stem below pilose with 
 rather remote and spreading long white hairs, the inflor- 
 escence minutely glandular-pubescent ; leaves less than 30 
 mm. long, rather uniformly and in larger plants remotely 
 
^ 
 
 REVISION OP EPILOBIUM. 
 
 101 
 
 in the 
 
 11, as 
 ,uthen- 
 cies by 
 mitted 
 
 scimens 
 inences 
 lich the 
 
 id less 
 ipiticals 
 em, less 
 irpassed 
 smaller, 
 
 ingy. — 
 arbey & 
 )rnia. — 
 British 
 EngeU 
 Drum- 
 he Gray 
 eems to 
 differ- 
 duloaum 
 
 Fl. i. 
 , proves 
 ar. lati- 
 
 )an to a 
 )se with 
 inflor- 
 I than 30 
 [emotely 
 
 distributed, ovate or broadly lanceolate, the upper subacute 
 Hud serrate, the lower blunter and finely denticulate or 
 nearly entire, very abruptly rounded to the sessile base ; 
 flowers few, erect or somewhat nodding ; petals white c : 
 lavender, about 5 mm. long; capsules ascending, 30 mm. 
 lung, on very slender peduncles of more than half their 
 length, soon glabrous ; seeds often very rough, short-beaked, 
 .5 X 1.5 mm. ; coma rather scant, white. — San Bernardino 
 county, California (Parishf 1882, no. 1619) to Washington 
 (Suksdorff 1880, 372). A specimen from the Snake 
 River (Hayderiy June 15, 1860) also appears to go here. — 
 Plate 31. 
 
 Var. suBFALCATUH. — Lower but often branched below, 
 almost without decurrent lines, densely tomentose or pilose 
 to the glandular shorter inflorescence ; leaves narrower, 
 sometimes falcate, entire or remotely and inconspicuously 
 denticulate, mostly obtuse, more cuneate at base, more 
 tomentose, and with inconspicuous lateral veins ; capsules 
 at first very short stalked. — California ( GVay, 1872 ; Mrs. 
 Austin, 1877; Pringle, 1882) to Oregon (Howell, 1887, 
 no. 694). — This bears the same relation to ursinum that 
 the var. tentte does to delicatum. — Plate 32. 
 
 27. E. Halleanum, Hausskn. — Tall and slender, glan- 
 dular-puberulent throughout or soon glabrous below ; leaves 
 remote, mostly ascending, 20 to 30 mm. long, ovate- or 
 oblong-lanceolate, the lower obtuse, decidedly undulate- 
 serrulate, abruptly sessile or some of them clasping- 
 decurrent by the broad base ; flowers and capsules ultimately 
 rather remote in the upper axils; petals 5 to 6 mm. long, 
 pale to mostly rather deep violet ; capsules about 50 mm . , on 
 slender peduncles of nearly equal length and exceeding the 
 subtending leaves; seeds sometimes smooth, usually very 
 finely papillate, .4 to .5 x 1.5 to 1.7 mm., fusiform, blunt 
 at base, with gradually narrowed pale apex and hyaline 
 beak ; coma scarcely dingy. — Monogr. 261. — Vancouver 
 Island {Macoun, 1887, noa. 9 and 96 ), Washington X8vk$' 
 
V I 
 
 102 
 
 MISSOURI BOTANICAL UARDEN. 
 
 I > 
 I I 
 
 I ) 
 
 dorf, 1881, no. 15), and Oregon (Hall, 1871, nos. 176 and 
 178 in part). — What may be a verticillate-leaved form of 
 this, collected inOregon by Nuttall, occurs as JE'.gr^andM/osum 
 in the Gray and Torrey herbaria. — Plate 33. 
 
 Well marked by its decurrent leaves and the peculiar 
 apex of its large seeds. Suksdorf's specimens bear well- 
 developed turions, removing the species from the rosulif- 
 erous group in which Professor Haussknecht placed it in 
 the absence of innovations. 
 
 28. E. Drummoxdii, Hausskn. — A span to mostly a foot 
 high, glandular above, the decurrent lines subglabrate; 
 leaves 25 to 40 mm. long, typically remote and erect, 
 lanceolate to almost linear-lanceolate, rather acute, the 
 upper, especially, denticulate, mostly rounded to the sub- 
 sessile base ; flowers erect; petals 3 to 4 mm. long, usually 
 pale; capsules 30 to 50 mm. long, slender-stalked; seeds 
 .3 to .45 X 1.2 to 1.4 mm. — Monogr. 271. — Mountains, 
 from Montana to Colorado and Nevada. — Young specimens 
 with leaves in whorls of 3, from British Columbia (Macoun, 
 1875, no. 1935 in hb.Macoun. ),may belong here. — Plate 34. 
 
 This, the more typical form of E. Drummondii, is very 
 closely related to JS. brevistylum, but differs in its narrower 
 more toothed leaves not so pale when dry, its more finely 
 and sharply papillate seeds, and in the fact that its turions 
 often lengthen at base into short sobols. With more 
 glandular pubescence above and still more deeply toothed 
 leaves, it approaches U. Halleanum, from which it differs in 
 its smaller seeds and leaves never decurrent-clasping. 
 Smaller plants, with broader more divergent leaves, greatly 
 obscure the limits between this and the next species. 
 
 = ass Smaller plants scarcely over a span high. 
 and uratnum might be sought here.) 
 
 (Varieties otdelteatum 
 
 29. E. SAXiMONTANUM, Hausskn. — Somewhat crisp-hairy 
 at least along the elevated lines, and glandular above; 
 leaves about 20 mm. long, mostly crowded and ascending^ 
 
«i^ 
 
 REVISION OF EPILOBIUM. 
 
 103 
 
 or subercct, oblong to elliptical, the upper rather acute, 
 very minutely denticulate or subentire, cuneately narrowed 
 to the sessile base, — or the lowest 30 mm. long, more 
 lanceolate, and with somewhat elongated winged base; 
 dowers few, pale to deep violet; capsules short stalked ; 
 seeds slightly larger and often less papillate: otherwise 
 like the preceding, except for the sessile turions. — Oesterr. 
 Bot. Zeitschr. xxix. (1879), 119; Monogr. 270.— Mount- 
 ains, Colorado to Nevada. — Plate 35. 
 
 The broader-leaved form figured (Arizona, Knowllony 
 ^889, no. 151, etc. ) is barely distinguishable from broader- 
 leaved forms referred to the preceding species; but the 
 specimens are commonly without innovations, and hence may 
 belong elsewhere, though at present I am unable to place 
 them otherwise. 
 
 ** ** Leaves rather small, with less conspicuous lateral veins, evidently 
 petioled: stems terete but sometimes pubescent in lines. — Much- 
 branched small plants, with the rather spreading leaves therefore mainly 
 alternate. 
 
 Is of deiieatum 
 
 30. E. LEFTOCABFUM, Hausskn. — A span or less high, 
 glabrous except for some incurved pubescence on the stem ; 
 leaves less than 20 mm. long, broadly lanceolate, sparingly 
 low-toothed, tapering from near the middle to the obtuse 
 or subacute apex and winged petiole ; flowers abundant for 
 the size of the plant; calyx-tube narrow; petals about 3 
 mm. long, rosy ; capsules 20 mm. , on very slender peduncles 
 of nearly equal length; seeds nearly ellipsoidal, shortly 
 hyaline-beaked, .25 x .75 mm. ; coma at length cinnamon- 
 colored. — Monogr. 258, pi. 14, f. H7. — Oregon (flaW, no. 
 188). — Suggestive of some small rosuliferous species of 
 the coloratum group, and so placed by Haussknecht, in the 
 absence of innovations on the only specimens known.— 
 Plate 36. 
 
 Var.? MACOUNn. — Less branched, crisp-pubescent in 
 lines, the same pubescence more or less abundant also on 
 the flowers and capsules ; leaves more ovate ; seeds 1 mm. 
 
104 
 
 MISSOURI BOTANICAL OAKDEN. 
 
 
 . I 
 
 I ■ 
 
 long ; coma paler. — Lake Athabasca ( Macoun, 1875, no. 
 692), to Washington (-SwArarfoi/, 1885, no. 551).— Plate S7. 
 
 Innovations occur in the form of small slightly elongated 
 turions which may lengthen into closely scaly rhizomes and 
 develop into leafy shoots in the first season. 
 
 Simple, taller, thicker-leaved plants of the general habit 
 of this variety were collected at Glacier Bay, Alaska, by 
 G. F. Wright in 1886 (Hb. Gray.), but I hesitate top'.ace 
 them definitely. They also suggest in some respects 
 forms of U. Homemanni. Some specimens resembling 
 this variety also occur in the herbarium of the Lepart- 
 ment of Agriculture among Watson's plants f torn Utah and 
 Nevada. • 
 
 X-X-X- Producing subterranean scaly branches (sobols), which ultl* 
 matelT turn upward and usually develop at onc4> Into leaty shoots. 
 
 *^ Glabrous (or occasionally very slightly glandular above), and glau- 
 cous : Stems terete, slender, rather tall except in the variety, usually 
 somewhat cespitose : leaves mostly simple and opposite, subsessile, with 
 faint lateral veins: flowers erect or saberect: seeds obovold, scarcely 
 beaked, coarsely papillate. 
 
 31. E. OLABERRIMUM, Barbey. — About a foot high, 
 simple or nearly so ; leaves erect or ascending, often re- 
 mote, as much as 50 mm. long, all but the lowest lanceo- 
 late, rather obtuse, entire to slightly repand, mostly 
 cuneately narrowed to the sometimes subpetioled base; 
 petals purple to nearly white, 4 to 8 mm. long ; capsules 75 
 mm., linear-falcate, usually conspicuously stalked; seeds 
 .3 to .5 X 1 mm., very rough with blunt papillae, abruptly 
 rounded to the short insertion of the barely dingy coma. — 
 Brewer & Watson, Bot. Calif . i. (1876), 220; Barbey & 
 Cuisin, pi. 5. — U. pruinoaum, Hausskn. Monogr. 252, pi. 
 15, f. 70. — Washington {Suksdorf, 1878 and 1885) and 
 Oregon {Howell^ 1887, no. 696), to various parts of Cali- 
 fornia; a broader-leaved form also in California, and 
 Nevada {Anderson^ 1864, no. 7). — Plate 38. 
 
 Var. liATiFOLiuM, Barbey. — Rather firmer stemmed 
 and more branched, sometimes dwarf; leaves more diver- 
 
W^r 
 
 REVISION or EPILOBIUM. 
 
 105 
 
 1875, no. 
 -Plate S7. 
 
 elongated 
 izomes and 
 
 neral habit 
 A.laska, by 
 lie to place 
 a respects 
 resembliug 
 be Lepart- 
 n Utah and 
 
 ), which uitl- 
 shoots. 
 
 re),andglau- 
 iriety, usually 
 bsessile, with 
 roid, scarcely 
 
 foot high* 
 
 often re- 
 
 est lanceo- 
 
 id, mostly 
 
 oled base; 
 
 capsules 75 
 
 ced; seeds 
 
 , abruptly 
 
 y coma. — 
 
 Barbey & 
 
 r. 252, pi. 
 
 1885) and 
 
 ts of Cali- 
 
 orni), and 
 
 r stemmed 
 lore diver- 
 
 gent, scarcely 25 mm. long, broadly ovate to ovate- 
 lanceolate, mostly subcordately contracted to the very 
 short base. — Bot. Calif, i. (1876), 220.— E. glaberrimum, 
 Hausskn. Monogr. 252. — E. affine, fi. fastigiatum, Nutt. in 
 Torr. & Gr. Fl. i. (1840), 489, as to the specimen in the 
 Torrey herbarium. — Oregon to California and the Wahsatch 
 Mountains of Utah, — apparently most developed about the 
 outer range of the species. — Small specimens approach E. 
 Hornemanni in habit. — A restoration of Nuttall's name 
 would cause the variety to be known as E. glaberrimum, 
 yar. faatigiatum (Nutt.). — Plate 39. 
 
 4-» ** Pubemlent, at least in lines: seeds more foFifonn,nsQaU7 some* 
 what beaked above. 
 
 mm Seeds papillate. 
 
 E. Orboanom, Greene. — A couple of feet high, rather stont, simple 
 or with ascending branches, glahrate and glaucous below, glandular- 
 puberulent above ; leaves ascending, as much as 75 mm. long, lanceolate, 
 obtuse, closely denticulate, cuneately subsessile or abruptly rounded to 
 short winged petioles, veiny ; flowers rather numerous, erect in the axils 
 of the reduced upper leaves; calyx-tube 3 mm. long, rather narrowly 
 funnel>form: petals violet, 8 to 12 mm. long; style about equalling the 
 corolla, pubescent near the apex and on the outside of the four widely 
 divergent stigmatic lobes ; capsules nearly erect, 40 mm. long, usually 
 subsessile; seeds oblong-fusiform, obliquely pointed at base, very 
 shortly pellucid-beaked, .26 x .76 to 1 mm. ; coma white. — Fittonia, i. 
 (1889), 22b.— E.glaueam, Howell, List for 1887, p. 3, not Phil. & Hausskn.— 
 Grant's Pass, Oregon (AoweN, July 1887, distributed as nos. 699 and 
 1139). — Specimens distributed as no. 696 by Howell in the same year 
 appear to be a slenderer form of the same, and in habit and innovations 
 closely approach E. glaherrtmum. Specimens of the typical numbers in 
 Hb. Dept. Agr. have short sobols somewhat rosuliferous at end, but 
 most of those that I have seen do not show the innovations. — Plate 40. 
 
 I cannot resist the impression that E. Oreganum is a hybrid of glaber- 
 rimum, the vegetative characters suggesting adenocaulon as a possible 
 other parent. 
 
 32. E. HoRXEMANNi, Reicheub. — Mostly a span or two 
 high, ascending, unbranched, somewhat crisp-hairy in the 
 inflorescence and along the decurrent lines, or slightly glan- 
 dular at top, otherwise giubrate ; leaves about 25 mm. long, 
 subascending, elliptical-ovate, mostly very obtuse, nearly 
 netire to remotely serrulate, the lower cuneately narrowed, 
 
'1 
 
 106 
 
 MlSSOUItl BOTANICAL GARDEN. 
 
 u 
 
 ! ' (■ 
 
 ' il 
 
 I :■ 
 
 11 i: ■ 
 
 - " I, ' 
 
 '■^ , " 
 
 i' i ' ;" • 
 ft II -. 
 & 'I ii' 
 
 H 
 
 the upper usually abruptly rounded to the short petioles ; 
 flowers rather few, nearly erect; petals 5 to 8 mm. long, 
 lilac to deep violet; capsules as much as 50 mm., 
 slender, erect, on slender peduncles about equalling the 
 gradually reduced subtending leaves ; seeds rather abruptly 
 short-appendaged, from nearly smooth to very rough, .3 to 
 .4x1 mm. ; coma somewhat dingy. — Icon. Crit. ii. (1824), 
 73 ; Haussknecht, Monogr. 174. — Mountains, British Col- 
 umbia to California, Colorado, and Utah ; also in Europe. — 
 Specimens examined from various parts of British Colum- 
 bia (Macoun), Washington (Howell; Brandegee 1882, no. 
 285), Oregon {Hall, 1871, no. 0), California {Newberry; 
 Brewer 1860-62, no. 1417), Idaho ( Watson^ 1880, no. 
 146), the Yellowstone region {Hayden; Tweedy 1885, no. 
 519), Colorado {Parry, 1861, no. 121; Vasey, 1868, no. 
 187, — 188 an albino of the same; Engelmann; Jones 
 1878, no. 377; Nuttall; Hall & Harbour 1862, no. 167), 
 and Utah (Hooker & Gray, 1877; Jowm 1879, no. 1099 
 in part and 1103). —Plate 41. 
 
 The following variations from the western form occur : — 
 
 a. — Slender and low, with smaller elliptical spreading 
 leaves, few suberect small flowers, short capsules, and small 
 seeds. — Dells of the Wisconsin River {Lapham) to the 
 Saguenay River (Pringle, 1879). — Apparently annual, in 
 aspect very near the dwarf form mentioned under adeno- 
 caulon, and perhaps not rightly referred here. — Plate 42 
 
 b. — From slender and low to quite stout, as much as a 
 foot high, and few branched, with ovate very divergent 
 mostly long- and slender-stalked leaves, usually very nod- 
 ding large flowers, and rather large very broad seeds. — 
 White Mountams of New Hampshire to Labrador {Allen, 
 1882, no. 50) and westward, passing mto the usual western 
 form. — Plate 42. 
 
 In this species the eobols sometimes pass insensibly 
 into leafy shoots arising above ground, showing the im- 
 possibility of maintaining a sharp distinction between the 
 soboliferous and stolonifcrous groups. 
 
^^ 
 
 REVISION OF Kl'II.OIJUM. 
 
 107 
 
 Specimens of the aspect of this species, but as much as 
 a foot and a half high, and some of them branched above, 
 with the flower buds ^ to 10 mm. and the violet petals 12 
 ram. long, and with dt ply 4-lobed stigma, were collected 
 on Mt. Stewart, Washington, by Mr. Brandcgee (Aug. 
 1883, no. 778 in lib. Gray., Hb. Canby., etc.). They ap- 
 pear to be hybrids of this species, but I do not venture to 
 suggest the other parent. 
 
 =: =s Seeds smooth or merely areolate. — A single species of the habit 
 of Hornemanni, but passing into the following group by its smooth 
 seeds. 
 
 Q occur : — 
 
 33. £. BoKOABDi, Hausskn. — A foot or less high, erect, 
 simple, with crisp-hairy lines, the apex at first nodding; 
 leaves 25 to 50 mm. long, rather ascending, crowded above, 
 very broadly lanceolate, the upper acute, sharply but re- 
 motely denticulate, usually crisp-ciliate, gradually nar- 
 rowed to the conspicuous cuneately winged base, veiny, 
 drying brown; inflorescence sparingly glandular; flowers 
 rather few, somewhat nodding; petals about 8 mm. long, 
 pale or rosy ; capsules rather slender, 40 mm. long, oa 
 slender peduncles much shorter than the leaves; seeds 
 nearly beakless, .4x1.3 mm. ; coma very dingy. — Oesterr. 
 
 Bot. Zeitschr. xxix. (1879), 89; Monogr. 278 Alaska 
 
 and the adjacent islands. — Plate 43. 
 
 "%:J^:?^ Often more or less cespitose by leafy stolons, otherwise sim< 
 pie or nearly so: sometimes apparently annual. 
 
 4-» Seeds smooth or at most nndulate-areolate except in forms referred 
 to Ongonense. 
 
 = Habit of E. ncTtumanni^ with rather ample leaves. 
 
 34. E. Behringianum, Hausskn. — A span to nearly afoot 
 high, sometimes with ascending branches from near the base, 
 more or less nodding at apex, glabrous except for the shortly 
 crisp-pubescent lines; leaves about 40 mm. long, mostly 
 broadly ovate, subentire or the acutish upper ones slightly 
 
''I 
 
 108 
 
 MISSOURI HOTANICAL UAltDKN. 
 
 
 . I 
 
 "IP 
 
 ' 'Hi, 
 
 ill. 
 
 denticulate and somewhat cnsp-ciliato, all but the lowest 
 abruptly contracted and sessile, subglaucous, less veiny, 
 more rigid, and drying greener than in the last ; flowers erect, 
 rosy ; seeds short-beaked. — Monogr. 277. — Coast and in- 
 sular region from Alaska to N. E. Asia, according to Hauss- 
 knecht, from whoso description the characters are taken, as I 
 have seen no specimens which lean clearly separate from the 
 preceding species. 
 
 35. E. ALPINUM, L. — Size and habit of JE. Ilomemannit 
 but the inflorescence and decurrent lines more nearly 
 glabrous; leaves uniformly distributed, thin and delicate, 
 pale green, 40 mm. long, subelliptical, rather obtuse, sub- 
 entire to somewhat sharply serrulate, gradually narrow«d 
 to slender petioles ; flowers few, suberect in the upper axils ; 
 petals about 3 mm. long, white or rosy-tipped ; capsules very 
 slender, erect or ascending, about 50 mm. long, their 
 peduncles rather slender and about equalling the subtending 
 leaves or stouter and as long as the capsules; seeds smooth, 
 gradually attenuated at apex, with very evident beak. — Sp. 
 i. (1753), 348, in part. — H. lactiflorunif Haussknecht, 
 Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xxix. (1879), 89; Monogr. 158. — 
 Canada to Vancouver Island, extending southward in the 
 mountains to New Hampshire, Utah, and California( ?) ; also 
 in Europe. — Specimens examined from various parts of 
 British America (^Macoun), the White Mountains, Colorado 
 (Coulter^ 1873), Utah ( Watson, 1869, no. 394 in part; 
 Porter, 1873; Jones, 1879, no. 1099 in part), Washington 
 (Suksdorf, 1881, no. 10), Oregon (Howell, 1880, no. 325; 
 Henderson, 1890, no. 344), and California? (Mrs. Austin; 
 Palmer 1888, nos. 218 and 219).— Occurring with E. 
 Hornemanni, which it closely resembles except for its more 
 delicate, pale leaves, smaller white flowers, and smooth 
 seeds attenuated to the beak. — Plate 44.* 
 
 *The original alpinum of Linnseus included with this E. Hornemanni 
 and E. anagallidtfolium. The first-named was separated by Beichenbach 
 in 1824; the second, by Lamarclc in 1786. Although the name alpmum 
 lias been applied indiscriminately to all three by many writers, I do not 
 
 
 11 
 
RKVI8ION OF KnumiLM. 
 
 109 
 
 — ==> Habit of E. anagaUidifoUunx, with oarrow nabcntiro leaveH 
 (these more toothed lu pKudo-icapoturn). 
 
 d(). E. Oregonense, Ilausskn. — A span high, with 
 few sterile shoots at base, erect even as to the apex, ghibrous 
 except for veiy sparing glandular hairs in the inflorescence ; 
 leaves 15 to 20 mm. long, crowded below, remote and very 
 small above, subercct, narrowly oblong-ovate or the 
 uppermost linear, very obtuse, remotely low-denticulate, 
 somewhat cuneately narrowed at base but sessile, rather 
 delicate and with slightly evident lateral veins ; flowers few, 
 strictly erect; petals deep violet, about 8 mm. long; 
 capsules about 50 mm., slender, strict, much surpassing the 
 summit of the stem, their very slender peduncles of nearly 
 equal length and far exceeding the subtending leaves; 
 seeds (immature) smooth, blunt, apparently beakless. — 
 Monogr. 276, pi. 14, f. 66. — Bogs, Oregon {HalU 1871, 
 no. 179) to Britisii Columbia (Swamp River, Macouny 
 1875, no. 1921 in part). — Plate 25. 
 
 Young Californian plants referred here with considerable 
 doubt, have small but more ovate leaves drying brownish 
 (Bolandery nos. 1786 and 4965; Lemmotiy 1875 — the 
 leaves in whorls of 3 in one specimen). Here aiso, per- 
 haps, would be referred plants collected in Tulare county, 
 California {Palmer ^ 1888, 218 in part, and 220). In the 
 latter, especially, the internodes lengthen and the leaves 
 are very narrow above, as in the type, but the lower leaves 
 are short and ovate. Except for their largcx* size and more 
 erect habit, however, these round-leaved plants are not 
 unlike some of the more erect European forms of anagallidi- 
 foKunif — e. g. a. specimen from the Clova Mvs., Scotland, 
 collected by Greville in 1839. 
 
 Var. ? GRACILLIMU3I. — A span to nearly a foot high, 
 often quite cespitose, very slender, quickly erect and hardly 
 
 think it best to follow Professor Haussknecht in adopting a new name 
 for what IS left of the original alpinum, but prefer still to employ for it 
 the name given it by Liunseus. Nor should I follow U. and J. Groves in 
 allowing the latest name, lactifiorum, to stand, while displacing anagaUi- 
 difolium. 
 
mmmmmmm» 
 
 I ;r 
 
 no 
 
 MISSOURI BOTANICAL OARDRN. 
 
 
 '^r: 
 
 I 
 
 , il '""1 
 
 
 il 
 
 bont at top, glabrous except the very miDUtoly and 
 sparingly glandular iiiflorosconco ; loaves mostly uniformly 
 distributed, gradually reduced above, suberoct, shorter 
 thun the intcrnodes, narrower, entire, keeled on the mid- 
 rib, without evident lateral veins, the lowest or those on 
 sterile shoots often cuncately subpetiolcd; flowers few, 
 nearly erect ; petals white or pale, 6 mm. long ; seeds .3x1 
 mm., l)roadly and bluntly but evidently papillate, the beak 
 scarcely hyaline. — Bogs, Strawberry Valley, California 
 (Pnnffle, 1881, no. 80) to Washington (Suksdorf, 1878, 
 1885, and 1886 no. 860, — the former with broader, more 
 veiny, and more crowded leaves, and occasional crisp 
 pubescence on the stem). — Plate 46. 
 
 37. E. ANAQALLiDiFOLiUM, Lam. — About a span high, 
 at length rather densely cespitose, otherwise unbranched, 
 the very slender stems commonly sigmoidally bent, and 
 strongly nodding at apex, somewhat crisp-hairy at least 
 in lines and occasionally very slightly glandular in the in- 
 florescence; leaves 10 to 20 mm. long, ascending, rather 
 uniformly distributed, all but the lowermost very narrowly 
 ovate or oblong, rather obtuse, entire or remotely very low 
 denticulate, cuneately narrowed, the lowest mostly wing- 
 petioled, rather firm and inconspicuously veined, drying 
 brown ; flowers few, crowded at apex, somewhat nodding; 
 petals lilac to violet, about 5 mm. long; capsules 25 mm., 
 slender, surpassing the end of the stem, their rather slender 
 peduncles shorter than the leaves or, when only one or two 
 are present, equalling the capsules ; seeds somewhat obo- 
 void-fusiform, short-ber^ked, .3x1 mm.; coma somewhat 
 dingy. — Diet. ii. (1786), 376; Haussknecht, Monogr. 
 152. — From Labrador across Arctic America, south to 
 the mountains of California (Ch'eene^ etc.), Colorado, and 
 Nevada ( Wataon^ 1868, no. 394 in part). Also in the Old 
 World.— Plate 47. 
 
 Perhaps the lowest but slightly rough-seeded plants re- 
 ferred to the last belong here. 
 
REVISION OF Kril.OIUL'M. 
 
 Ill 
 
 E. rsRUDO-scAPOsuM, IlniiHskn. — About a Bpan high 
 from a tilifortn rooting rhizomo, Hlondcr, oroct from an 
 a-sccDcling banc, puboscont along tho prominont dccurrciit 
 lines; leaves about 12 mm. long, crowded, round-ovate, 
 obtuso, subentiro to sparingly angular-toothed, subses.sile 
 or on sterile shoots abruptly narrowed to short petioles, 
 firm; flowers one or two, when solitary apparently ter- 
 minal; capsules erect, 40 mm. long, on peduncles of equal 
 length ; seeds obovoid-oblong, shortly beaked, .3x1 mm. — 
 Oesterr, Bot. Zeitschr. xxix. (1879), 89; Monogr. 278, 
 pi. 13, f. 65. — Aleutian Islands {Mertens), Jide Ilauss- 
 knecht, — hence likely to occur in Alaska, but unknown 
 to me. 
 
 «-» 4-» Seeds often coarsely papillate, nearly one-half larger than In the 
 preceding group. 
 
 38. E. CLAVATUM, n. sp. — A span high, mostly densely 
 cespitose, the slender stems ascending, glabrate to sparingly 
 glandular throughout ; leaves 15 to 20 mm. long, divergent, 
 broadly ovate, very obtuse, subentire to remotely serrulate, 
 mostly rounded to evident petioles, firm, drying brownish; 
 flowers rather few, suberect, petals rose-colored, about 5 
 mm. long; capsules 25 mm., subclavate, arcuately diver 
 gent, the lowest often not reaching the apex of the stem, 
 their slender peduncles equalling the subtending leaves; 
 seeds fusiform, tapering into a pale beak, nearly smooth 
 to coarsely papillate, .4 to .6 x 1.5 to 2 mm. ; coma barely 
 dingy. — Washington and Oregon to Wyoming and Utah. — 
 Specimens examined from Kickmg Horse River, British 
 America {Macouriy 1890), Mt. Adams, Washington {Suks- 
 d<yrf, 1877 and 1886), Oregon (CastcA;, 1879, and 1880 
 no. 821; Howell^ 1886, no. 595), the Cascade Mts. 
 (Tweedijy 1882, no. 319), Wyoming (Parry, 1873, no. 
 110), and perhaps Utah (Uintas, Wataouy 1869, no. 394 
 in part). — Plate 48. 
 
 Suggestive of a hybrid between anagallidifoUum and 
 Hornemanni, but with very much larger, abundant, and 
 apparently good ^eeds. 
 
Ill 
 
 I' ■;: : 
 
 112 
 
 MI»80L'UI UOTANICAL UAUUEN. 
 
 ■:: / ; 
 
 I " 1.1. , 
 
 ,1 1' ii 
 
 jl ij lUIri 
 
 i* !' fill 
 
 I"" I; 
 
 lili-j! 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATES ILLUSTRATING THE NOBTH 
 AMEIUCAN SPECIES OF EPILOBIUM. 
 
 Plates 1 to 3 were drawn by Miss M. H. Hoko ; the re- 
 mainder, by Mrs. J. C. Duffoy. Except whore the con- 
 trary is stated, the figures are from herbarium specimens 
 Bclected by the author and drawn under his supervision. 
 Figures of seeds and stigmas are from drawings by the 
 author. In all but one figure of seeds, the coma is omitted, 
 for simplicity. 
 
 Plate 1, E. spicatuniy Lam. — 1, Portion of plant, re- 
 duced one-half; 2, base of stem, showing the separated 
 scales of the winter bud from which it developed, natural 
 size ; 3, longitudinal section of flower, enlarged ; 4, cross 
 section of ovary, and two ovules, — the coma removed from 
 one of them, enlarged; 5, capsule, x 2; 6, portion of 
 capsule, showing mode of dehiscence, enlarged; 7, seed, 
 X 25. — Figs. 3, 4, and 0, after sketches by Sprugue, in 
 the Gray Herbarium. 
 
 Plate 2, E. lati/oHum, L. — 1, Portion of plant, reduced 
 one-half; 2, base of stem, with scales and winter buds, 
 natural size ; 3, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 3, E. hirsutum, L. — 1, Plant, reduced one-half; 
 2, seed, and cross-section of same, x 25. 
 
 Plate 4, E. luteuniy Pursh. — 1, Plant, reduced one-half; 
 2, leaf , natural size ; 3, capsule, natural size; 4, stigma, 
 x 12; 5, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 5, E. rigidum, Hausskn. — 1, Two plants, re- 
 duced one-half; 2, leaf, x2; 3, young capsule, x 2 ; 4, 
 stigma, X 12; 5, immature seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 6, E. obcordatum, Gray. — 1, Plant, natural size; 
 2, stigma, x 12 ; 3, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 7, E. suffruticosum, Nutt. — 1, Plant, natural 
 size; 2, capsule, x 2; 3, stigma, x 25; 4, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 8, E. paniculatum, Nutt. — 1, Plant, reduced one- 
 
 li 
 
A 
 
 IIKVISIOX OV CI'lLOnUM. 
 
 113 
 
 half; 2, u large Mower, nuturul tiizc; 3, cup.sulo, x 2; 4, 
 stigmu, X 25; 5, huo<1, x '25. 
 
 Plato !», E. paniculatum, Nutt., var. juanulum, 
 (firay). — 1, Plant* reduced ono>hulf; 2, leaf, x 2; 3, 
 capHule, X 2; 4, Hti^ma, x 25; 5, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 10, E. minufum, hiuiW. — 1, Katlicr large plunt, 
 reduced one-half ; 2, leaf, x 2; 3, cupuulc, x2; 4, stiguiu, 
 X 25; 5, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 11, J/. 8trictU7n, Muhl. — 1, Plant, reduced one- 
 half; 2, leaf, x 2; 3, flowering and fruiting rpox of stem, 
 natural size; 4, Htlgnia, x 25; 5, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 12, E. lineare, Muhl. — 1, small and little branched 
 plant, reduced one-half; 2, throe young bulblets, x 9; 3, 
 leaf, X 2; 4, stignm, x25; 5, seed, x. 25. — The bulbloto 
 become at length narrowly ovoid, and 12 mm. or more long. 
 
 Plate 13, E. 2)alus(re, L. — 1, Plant of the usual Rocky 
 Mountain form, reduced one-half; 2, leaf, x 2; 3, bulb- 
 iferous subterranean shoot, natural size; 4, stigma, x 25; 
 5, seed, x 25; 6, plant of the forma Labradorica, natural 
 size ; 7, leaf of same, x 2. 
 
 Plate 14, E. Davwicumy Fisch. — 1, Fruiting plant 
 from the Rocky Mountains, natural size; 2, flowering 
 specimen from Norway, natural size ; 3, rosettes at base of 
 stem, X 2; 4, leaf, x 2; 5, nodding apex of flowering plant, 
 natural size; 6, stigma (from Norwegian plant), x25; 
 7, seed (from Rocky Mountain plant), x 25. 
 
 Plate 15, E. Franciscanum, Barboy. — 1, Portion of 
 large plant, reduced one-half; 2, stigma, x 25; 3, seed, x 
 25. 
 
 Plate 16, E. Watsoni, Barbey. — 1, Plant with small 
 innovations, reduced one-half; 2, stigma, x 25; 3, seed, x 
 25. 
 
 Plate 17 1 E. hohsericeum^ n. sp. — 1, Portions of plant, 
 reduced one-half ; 2, capsule, natural size; 3, stigma, x25; 
 4, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 18, E. Fendleri, Hausskn. — 1, Portion of plant, 
 reduced one-half; 2, stigma, x25; 3, seed, x 25. 
 
 8 
 
jjgum 
 
 wmnfmimmfmm 
 
 u 
 
 
 iili'i 
 
 114 
 
 MISSOURI UOTANICAL GARDEN. 
 
 ■1 
 
 f'i . 
 
 in 
 
 I 
 
 %'-\ 
 
 1 11 ^^ 
 
 ' ll « 
 
 ' (I mw 
 'l''-v 
 I ,| f\ 
 
 , I! t*>ki 
 
 .1 I. , i 
 
 \\r\ 
 
 Ml 
 
 Plate 19, E. coloratum, Muhl. — 1, Plant, reduced one- 
 half; 2, capsule, x 2; 3, stigma, x 25; 4, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 20, J?. Novo-Mexicanuni, Hausskn. — 1, Plant, re- 
 duced one-half; 2, stigma, x 25 ; 3, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 21, E. adenocaulon^ Hausskn. — 1, Medium-sized 
 plant, reduced one- half ; 2, rosuliferous base of same, nat- 
 turai size ; 3, stigma, x 25 ; 4, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 22, E. atZenocawZon, Hausskn. ( ?) — dwarf form 
 which may possibly be the E. ciliatum of Rafinesque. — 
 Three plants, natural size; seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 23, E. adenocaulorty Hausskn., var. occidentale. — 1, 
 Plant, reduced one-half; 2, stigma, x 25 ; 3, seed, x 25. 
 
 Platie 24, E. exaltatum^ Drew. — 1, Portions of plant 
 with rosuliferous base, reduced one-half; 2, base of another 
 plant with flashy-scaled autumnal shoot, reduced one-half ; 
 3, stigma, x 25 ; 4, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 25, E. adenocaulorif Hausskn., var. {?) perpleX' 
 ans. — 1, Plant, reduced one-half; 2, two young autumnal 
 rosettes, x 2; 3, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 26, E. Californicunit Hausskn. — 1, Portion of 
 plant, reduced one-half; 2, opening flower-bud, x 2; 3, 
 seed, X 25. 
 
 Plate 27, E. Parishii, Trel. — 1, Young autumnal plant 
 with rosettes, reduced one-half; 2, a rooted innovation, 
 U£itural size; 3, stigma, x 25; 4, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 28, E. delicatum, n. sp. — 1, Plant, reduced one- 
 half; 2, young seed, x 25. — 3, Var. ienuCt reduced one- 
 half ; 4, two turions of same, natural size ; 5, stigma of 
 same, x 25. 
 
 Plate 29, E. glandulosumy Lehm. — 1-2, Flowering and 
 fruiting summits of plants, reduced one-half; 3, stigma, 
 X 25 ; 4, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 30, E. brevistylwrii Barbey. — 1, Plant, reduced 
 one-half; 2, base of stem at end of season, showing old and 
 newly-formed turions, natural size ; 3, flowering and fruit- 
 ing summit of plant, natural size, — one flower showing a 
 
REVISION OF EPILOBIUM. 
 
 115 
 
 rather frequent form of monstrosity ; 4, stigma, x 25; 5, 
 seed, X 25. 
 
 Plate 31, JS. ursimtm. Parish. — 1, Plant, reduced one- 
 half ; 2, portion of stem and leaves, x 2 ; 3, base of stem 
 with turion, x 2; 4, stigma, x 25 ; 5, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 32, U. ursinum. Parish, var. snbfalcatum. — 1 to 2, 
 Two plants, natural size ; 3, portion of stem and leaves, 
 X 2; 4, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 33, U. Halleanum, Haasskn. — 1, Plant, reduced 
 one-half ; 2, flowering apex, natural size ; 3, base of stem, 
 with turions, x 2 ; 4, stigma, x 25 ; 5, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 34, U. Drummondiiy Hausskn. — 1, Upper portion 
 of more typical slender plant, reduced one-half ; 2, stalked 
 turion, x 2 ; 3, leaf, x 2; 4, stigma, x 25; 5, seed, x 25 ; 6, 
 smaller plant, approaching E. aaximontanunif reduced one- 
 half. 
 
 Plate 35, U. aaximontanunit Hausskn. — 1, Two plants 
 of the more typical form, natural size; 2, turion, natural 
 size; 3, seed, x 25; 4, broader-leaved form, approaching 
 B. Drummondiit natural size. 
 
 Plate 36, E. leplocarpum, Hausskn. — 1, Plant, natural 
 size; 2, leaf, x 2; 3, petal, x 12; 4, stigma, x 25 ; 5, seed, 
 x25. 
 
 Plate 37, H. leptocarpum^ Hausskn., var. ( ?)Macounn. — 
 1, Large plant, natural size, — the old turion at base, also, 
 x 2 ; 2, small plant with young turion, natural size, — the 
 latter, also, x2 ; 3, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 38, U. glaberrimum^ Barbey. — 1, Plant, reduced 
 one-half ; 2, stigma, x 25; 3, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 39, E. glaberrimum, Barbey, var. latifoliumj 
 Barbey. — 1, Two plants, reduced one-half; 2, stigma, 
 X 25 ; 3, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 40, E. Oreganum, Greene. — 1, Portion of plant, 
 reduced one-half ; 2, stigma, x 25 ; 3, seed, x 25, 
 
 Plate 41, E. Hornemannit Reichonb. — 1, Two plants of 
 the more typical Rocky Mountain form, natural size; 2, 
 innovation, x 2 ; 3, seed, x 25. 
 
"l^ 
 
 iill 
 
 I I'll 
 
 i'l lit 
 
 :| 1 
 
 4 hi: 
 
 i ii liil 
 
 t ii ill 
 
 « 11 lis'Si 
 
 f'i 
 
 
 'ill! 
 
 Mil 
 
 •lie: 
 ilr'" 
 
 . t I w ' 
 
 116 
 
 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 
 
 relate 42, £!. Homemanni, Rcichenb. — 1, Large form of 
 the White Mountains, natural size ; 2, stigma of same, 
 X 25 ; 3, seed of same, x 25. — 4, Two plants of dwarf form 
 of the Northeast questionably referred here, natural size ; 
 5, seed of same, x 25. 
 
 Plate 43, JS. Bongardi, Hausskn. — 1, Two plants, 
 natura! 'z3; 2, stigma, x 25; 3, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 44, B. alpinum^ L. {E. lactiflorum, Hausskn). — 
 1, Three plants, natural size; 2, innovations, x 2; 3, 
 stigma, X 25; 4, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate Ab,E. Ore^on«ns€, Hausskn. — 1, Three plants, 
 natural size ; 2, leaf, x 2 ; 3, stigma, x 25 ; 4, seed, x 25 ; 
 5, fragment of specimen doubtfully referred here, with 
 leaves in threes, x 2. 
 
 Plate46, E.Oregonense, Hausskn., var.( ?)gracilUmum. — 
 
 1, Two plants, natural size; 2, stigma, x 25; 3, seed, 
 X 25; — 4, nodding specimen of Suksdorf, doubtfully 
 referred here but perhaps belonging to the next, natural 
 size. 
 
 Plate 47, E. anagalHdifolium, Lam. — 1, Three plants, 
 natural size; 2, unusually erect plant, natural size; 3, ex- 
 ceptionally toothed leaf, x 2 ; 4, capsule, natural size; 5 
 stigma, x 25 ; 6, seed, x 25. 
 
 Plate 48, E. davatum, n. sp. — 1, Plants, natural size; 
 
 2, rougher form of seed, x 25; 3, smoother form of seed, 
 X 25. 
 
 Since the preceding pages were in print, I have discovered 
 that the plant which here appears as E, Oregonenaey var. 
 ( ?) gracillimum, has been published by Professor Hauss- 
 knecht in Mittheil. Geogr. Gesellscb. zu Jena, 1888, 
 vii. 5, — fide Jaat, Jahresb. xvi (2), 156 — , as ^. Prin- 
 gleanumt Hausskn, so that it should bear this name. 
 
 m 
 
BEVI8ION or EPILOBIUM. 
 
 117 
 
 Large form of 
 ^ma of same, 
 of dwarf form 
 , natural size ; 
 
 Two plants, 
 
 , Hausskn ) . — 
 tions, X 2; 3, 
 
 Three plants, 
 4, seed, x 25 ; 
 ed here, with 
 
 jracilUmum. — 
 
 25; 3, seed, 
 
 rf, doubtfully 
 
 ) next, natural 
 
 Three plants, 
 al size; 3, ex- 
 utural size; 5 
 
 , natural size; 
 form of seed, 
 
 lave discovered 
 ^egonense, var. 
 ofessor Hauss- 
 1 Jena, 1888, 
 - , as ^. Prin- 
 is name. 
 
 INDEX TO SPECIES OF EPILOBIUM. 
 
 Synonymes in parentheses. 
 
 adenocaulon, 
 
 91, 93, 94, 98, 105, 106. 
 adnatum, 92. 
 affine, (100, 105). 
 ulpinum, 108. 
 Americanum, (94). 
 anagallidif olium , 
 
 (89, 108, 109), 110, 111. 
 angustifolium, (80). 
 
 Behringianum, 107. 
 Bongardi, 107. 
 boreale, 97. 
 brevistylum, 100, 102. ' 
 
 Calif ornicum, 96. 
 Chilense, (95). 
 ciliatum, (94). 
 olavatum, 111. 
 coloratum, 92, (94). 
 Davuricum, 90. 
 delicatum, 98. 
 densum, (88). 
 Drummondii, 100, 102. 
 exaltatum, (95). 
 Fendleri, 92. 
 Franciscanum, 90, 95. 
 glaberrimum, 100, 104. 
 glandulosum, 99, (102). 
 glaucum, (105). 
 Halleanum, 101, 102. 
 hirsutum, 82. 
 holosericeum, 91. 
 Hornemanni, 
 
 104, 105, 108, 111. 
 
 hybrids, 70, 89, 95, 105, 107. 
 jucundum, (86). 
 
 lactiflorum, (108). 
 latifolium, 81. 
 leptocarpum, 103. 
 lineare, 87. 
 luteum, 82. 
 
 Mexicanum, 97. 
 minutum, 86. 
 moUe, (87). 
 
 Novo-Mexicanum, 93, 95. 
 obcordatum, 83. 
 oliganthum, (88). 
 Oreganum, (105). 
 Oregonense, 109, 
 
 palustre, 88, 94. 
 paniculatum, 71, 85. 
 Parishii, 97. 
 parviflorum, 82. 
 pruinosum, (104). 
 pseudo-lineare, 89. 
 pseudo-scaposum. 111. 
 pubescens, (82). 
 rigidum, 83. 
 
 saximontanum, 99, 102. 
 spicatum, 80. 
 strictum, 87. 
 suffruticosum, 84. 
 tenellum, (94). 
 tetragonum, (92, 94). 
 ursinum, 100. 
 Watsoni,91. 
 
lil 
 
 if* 
 
 1^1 
 
 r1^ 
 
 !,■' ! 
 
 I 
 
 I; 
 
 
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 ■ 
 
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 1 
 
 VRBfB OF NIIONJONKB PRINTING COi 
 
KKIT Mo \V)\ G\K1V I«!il. 
 
 I'l AT» I 
 
 
 "Xi^ <<-? ^^ 
 
 
 -Wi; 
 
 M 
 
 ^ 
 
 »| !) fl 
 
 EpILOBIUM SFICAIDM. 
 
>.: 
 
 >:'). I i 
 
 W 
 
 1 ! 
 
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 REPT. Mo. BOT. GARD.. 1891. 
 
 Plate «. 
 
 m 
 
 Epilobium utifoi.ium. 
 
I 1 
 
 n\ 
 
 w, ! 
 
 >. 
 
 (I., .: 
 
 N: 
 
. ■' ^ 
 
 Rt-PT. Mo BoT Card. 1891. 
 
 PlJ»T«l». 
 
 Epilqbium hirsutum. 
 
^1 
 
 \ i 
 
 »l 
 
 /-. 
 
KEPT Mo BOT. Card. I891. 
 
 fLjkni 
 
 Epilobium luteum. 
 
I t 
 
 \ 
 
RKPr Ml) Bi)r Caki).. 1891. 
 
 eutta >' 
 
 ^h t^^ 
 
 V.'" ' '■' "^'X;^fi.' 
 
 Hpilobium rigidum. 
 
REPT MO. BOT. GARO., 1891. 
 
 Pl^ATI 6. 
 
 Epilobium obcordatum. 
 
Rkpt. Mo. Bot. Card.. 189i. 
 
 Plats T. 
 
 EnLOBIUM SUFFRUTICOS(JM 
 
■r 
 
 KBIT MO. Bor GAKI)., 1891. 
 
 Plat» X. 
 
 Epilobium pamcui.atum. 
 
*' : «, 
 
 i; 
 
 \, < 
 
 I m ' 
 
 1^ 
 
RRPT. Mo BOT. GARI), 1891. 
 
 1'i.ATii y 
 
 BpILOBIUM PANICULATUM.var.JUCUNDUM. 
 
r- ! 
 
 mki 
 
 I ; 1 
 
 
 »■ 
 
 i 
 
Ki;i'r Mo [vn gaki). ism. 
 
 I'C *T11 In, 
 
 11 f \^ 
 
 EPII.OimiM Mli\UTUM 
 
^^ 
 
 if ^ 
 
 ii" ^ 
 
 f 
 
 SI 
 
 I 
 
 raai?.< 
 
 ''P 
 
 5'''!'_ 
 
 
 7f 
 
 '!« '!l 
 
 !!«* II! 
 
 '»r 
 
 M .} 
 
 >'tf 
 
 i| ■'' 
 
 i 'ti ' 
 
 m i 
 
 IF 
 
 m 1 
 
 K I 
 
 
 
 
 f i'i 
 
 Hff i ' 
 
 1 IP' 1 
 
 ijl ' 1 
 
 ^ 1 i 
 
 i| 
 
 ■ 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 ll 
 
 
 1 |l 1^ 
 
 
 
KEpr Mo Bor Card. i8»i 
 
 lAn II. 
 
 BpILOBIUM STKICTUM. 
 
it -r t 
 
 '■1« n 
 
 m 
 
 I- I! 
 
 Iff' ;•• 
 
 i\ 
 
RKPr M(» Bt)r G\KI), IH!»I. 
 
 I'i*r> \i 
 
 Et'II.OBlUM LINEARE. 
 
;)i.i 
 
 Pili 
 
 III 
 
K;:PT. Mo m. GARI).. 1891. 
 
 »'|-.T« IJ. 
 
 . :-MJ<^ 
 
 Epilobium halustrl 
 
! (' 
 
 I 
 
 'I 
 
 
 # MiJiii 
 
 ij 
 
 ,m 
 
 !' 
 
 W\\ 
 
wr 
 
 Epii.orum D.wrKKiM. 
 
53: 
 
 
 tr 
 
 1 ? 
 
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 ■■*■ 
 
 1 
 
 
 Iff! 
 
 J.!.. 
 
 
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 «W' 
 
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 ii i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 '■■f "V' 
 
 r 
 
 1 
 
 I, 
 
 :r 
 
kKPr Mo B(iT. G\Ki).. isoi. 
 
 Plat« IR 
 
 Epilobium Fkanciscanum. 
 
 r 
 
M 1 
 
 U 
 
 Ml 
 
 TO. 
 
 
 *!if' 
 
 ii 
 
RRFT MO. Bf)T CARD. 1891. 
 
 I'l.ATt: IH. 
 
 Kpiiorium Watsoni 
 
j y 
 
 1 1 
 
 ':'tf. 
 
 ff >» ' 
 
 If 
 
 uik 
 
 if# 
 
 jftiK mt 
 
 i'* 
 
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 ■^Mt"«E 
 
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 )(■ 
 
 
 
 
 
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 ^ 
 
REPT. Mo. Bor GAKI)„ 1891. 
 
 PL«ra IT. 
 
 Epii.obium holosericeum. 
 
i i 
 
 ! 
 
 Ill 
 
 
 
 .1: 4 
 
 
 bjc ■■■' '" 
 
 ijll 
 
 1 ililL J 
 
 L_^, 
 
RKPT. M(). BOT. GARI)„ I89I. 
 
 Pi^ni m 
 
 Bl'ILOBIlM FeNDI.ERI. 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.25 
 
 L£B28 |2^ 
 
 yo '■■■ H^H 
 
 ■u Uii 12.2 
 
 lu ... ■dii 
 
 Wuu 
 
 HiotQgraphic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporalion 
 
 23 WBT MAIN STMIT 
 
 WIBSTH.N.Y. MStC 
 
 (716)«73-4S03 
 
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 !> 
 
REFT. MO. BOT. GARl). 1891. 
 
 Plats n. 
 
 Epilobium coloratum 
 
I» I 
 
 1 
 
 i! 
 
 i! I 
 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 i 
 
 ! ■ ■ : 
 
 
 i 
 
 ,) 
 
 ]j 
 
 
 1; 
 
 1 
 
 lil 
 
 ill 
 
REPT. Mo. BOT. GARO, 1891. 
 
 PLAntO. 
 
 Bpilobium Novo-Mexicanum. 
 
REPT. Mo. BOT. Card. 189I. 
 
 PtAfK so. 
 
 Hpilobium Novo-Mexicanum. 
 
REPT MO. Bor. Card.. i89i. 
 
 PLAvaSl. 
 
 Epii-obium adenocaulon. 
 
i'M< ^ 
 
 WIfl 
 
 ll 
 
 
REPT. Mo. BOT. GARD.. 18M 
 
 PlatcSI. 
 
 Epilobium adenocaulon. 
 
ii « 
 
 i 
 
 ,4\ 
 
 PlWi 
 
REPr MO. BOT. Card.. ib9i. 
 
 Pum*. 
 
 EpIUMUM ADENOCAUlJ0N,ftf.O0CI0ENTALL 
 
KEPT Mo HOT. Card. I891. 
 
 Pum« 
 
 EpHjOBRIM ADENOCAULON, m. OOCIDENTALE. 
 
I I 
 
 i 
 
 JW 
 
 ;;^ 
 
kW Mit B()T GARP IHOI, 
 
 Pl^TB M 
 
 Bpilobium exaltatum. 
 
,ti »lt> 
 
 • ill Mill 
 
 
 • ""I 
 
EpiLOBIUM ADeNOCAUlON,w.PeRPLEXAN& 
 
 I 
 
REPT. Mo. BOT. Card.. 1891. 
 
 PI.4TII 26. 
 
 Epilobium Caufornicum. 
 
f w 
 
 up 
 
 t :% 
 
 
 H 
 
 yrf'-i' 
 
REPT. MO. BOT. Card.. i8»i. 
 
 PlUTB 37. 
 
 Epilobium Parishii. 
 
 '■«*H»;':;^£iBflfc 
 

 ,0 '" 
 
 i I 
 
 )^'J 
 
REPT. MO. BOT. Card, i8»i. 
 
 riATum. 
 
 
 V r/; 
 
 EpII.OBIUM DBLICATUM. 
 
' til 
 
 
REPT. Mo. BoT. Card., isei. 
 
 Plati ». 
 
 EfUjOBRIM glandulosum. 
 
Khpr. M'> Bor G\Ri) m>\ 
 
 r «!• :«» 
 
 Emlobium brevistylum. 
 
•<*«• 
 
 :l:3 
 
RKPT Mo. Bnr GARIV. i«»«. 
 
 PLtmlt. 
 
 Epilobium ursinum. 
 
 »"'»«S»i»- 
 
RbPi. Mo. Bor. Card.. 189i. 
 
 Pl.ATl39 
 
 BpILOBIUM URSINUM. var, SUBFALCATUM, 
 
Ilf* >l» 
 
 ./ 
 
RBPT. Mo. BOT. GARI).. 1891. 
 
 Pi KTr X\ 
 
 W 
 
 EnioBiuM Halleanum. 
 
REPT. Mo. BOT. Card., 1891. 
 
 Pl^AT* M 
 
 Epilobium Drummondii. 
 
■y~r- 
 
 11 '■ 
 
 ^:r 
 
 > 
 
REPr Mo. BOT. Card.. i89i. 
 
 i''i.Aii as. 
 
 Kl'ILOBIUM SAXIMONTANUM. 
 
If- "^ 
 
^■'^ftn. 
 
 RKPT Mo. Bor. GARI).. 18»1. 
 
 Pi.«tK 36. 
 
 Cu^:^. 
 
 Epilobium leptocarpum. 
 
11' 
 
 1^11* ji' 
 
 li 
 
 If 
 
 w»t» li' 
 
 I 
 
"^riiiii. 
 
 RKPT Mo B(»r GAKI)., I8»1. 
 
 ri.«T« IT 
 
 RPILOBIUM I.KPTOCAKPUM. var. M ACOIINII. 
 
1^ 
 
 • •■ 
 
 
 / 
 
rkim M'> wn r.AKii iHiii. 
 
 l^.*T■ I 
 
 EhILOBIUM GLABERRlMdM. 
 
I ' 
 
 i 
 
 ,x\. 
 
 / 
 
 •f»»s 
 
RKPl MO. Ml GaRI). I8!(|. 
 
 I'lATjc ;». 
 
 c^i'..*-*' 
 
 EpILOBIUM GLABKRKIMUM,var. LATIFOt.lUM. 
 
 ^'^m^Li^mim 
 
I I 
 
 t > 
 
 ? 
 
 \ 
 
 I 
 
 m»\0 
 
 i 
 

 Rl-.I'T MO. BOT. GARI).. 18»i; 
 
 PUTI *»' 
 
 
 . / 
 
 Bpilobium Okeganl'm 
 
 'V8i;i;;i^iiiiii 
 
Rept. Mo. bot. Card, isai. 
 
 HiUT* 41. 
 
 EWLOBIUM HoRFfEMANSr. 
 
»«: I 
 
 \ t 
 
'■ ''^, 
 
 Rept. Mo. bot. Card.. 189i. 
 
 I'l^TK 43. 
 
 Epii.OBIUM HOKNEMANNI. 
 
 
i t^ 
 
 i; 
 
 »» 
 
 
 III 
 
 / 
 
 /■ 
 
 9 If 
 
 « 1 
 
KEPT MO. Bor Card.. i89i. 
 
 Pi.*n 4S. 
 
 Epilobium Bongardi. 
 
Ri-pr Mo Bor Card. I8»i. 
 
 Pl*t««4. 
 
 Epilobium alpinum. 
 
T 
 
 
 !»■*'#•• 
 
Rkpr M(y B(ir Gakd. imim. 
 
 K«Tt «l« 
 
 \\ 
 
 Epilobium Oregonense 
 
fmmm 
 
 . «■>-' 
 
 
 
 ■M 
 
 If... 
 
 IN 
 
 m 
 
 n 
 
 
 Ml » t 
 
 l-'i ■<= 
 
 !£'* 
 
 I '■ 
 
 t\\ 
 
 r ■ 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 1 
 
 ^r 
 
 w 
 
 V s 
 
 
 'V 
 
 ii ' 
 
 
 
 i^ 
 
REPT Mo. BoT. Card., 1891. 
 
 Fl^TK M. 
 
 EpILOBIUM OrEGONENSE. var. GRAC1LI.IMUM. 
 
 

 iiii 
 
 Mr: 
 I f 1 1 ' ' i 
 
 / 
 
 ■' .1 
 
 ■fli '' 
 
 '! 'i 
 
 I I 
 
REPT. MO. BOT. GAKD.. 1891. 
 
 Plats 47. 
 
 
 EpILOBIUM ANAGALLIDIFOLIUM. 
 
l*» 
 
 r 
 
 ■*i' i>« 
 
 ¥ 
 
 i 
 
 
 l!l 
 
 u^ 
 
 :. 
 
 W' ' 
 
 •'■■ 1 
 
 ll 
 
 ■•' 1 '\ 
 
 i 
 
 I '■■ ■ 
 
 
 II 
 
Epilobium clavatum.