CIHM Microfiche Series (l\/lonographs) ICIVIH Collection de microfiches (monographles) Canadian Inttituta for Historical Microroproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions hiatoriquaa Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibiiographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the tiest original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checked below. D D n Coloured covers / Couverture de couleur Covers damaged / Couverture endommagte Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaur6e et/ou pellicula D D D D D D D Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps / Cartes g^ographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) / Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Cotoured plates and/or illustrations / Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material / Reli6 avec d'autres documents Only editk>n available / Seule Mition disponible Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin / La reliure senate peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge intdrieure. Blank leaves added during restorations may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / Use peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 film6es. Addittonal comments / Commentaires suppl6mentaires: This Ham la flbiMd at tiM raduetion ntio chMkMl balow / Ca doeumant aat fllm* au taux da rMuction indiqu« ei-daaaeua. L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilteur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibii- ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modifk^ation dans la metho- ds normale de filmage sont indkiuds ci-dessous. I I Cotoured pages / Pages de couleur I I Pages damaged / Pages endommag6es □ Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaurdes et/ou pellicul^es Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / Pages dteolortes, tachetdes ou piqutes I I Pages detached / Pages d^tach^es Showthrough / Transparence I I Quality of print varies / n n Qualitd indgale de I'impression Includes supplementary material / Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image / Les pages totaiement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuiilet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 film^s k nouveau de fa^on k obtenir la meilleure image possible. Opposing pages with varying colouration or discotourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont fitmtes deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image possible. lOx 14x 18x 22x 29k 30x y 12x lex 20x 24x 28x 32x Th« copy ma%94 h«f« h«» bMn raproducsd tnanks to tiM s«n«re«ity of: NatiOMl Library of Canada Th« iin«9M appMring hara ara iha baat quality poaaibia eonaidaring tha condition and lagibillty of tha ori«lnal copy and in hooping with ttio filming eontraet apoeif icationa. Original eopioa in printod popor eovora ara fUnnod boginning with tho from cowor and anding en tho loot paga with a printad or illuatratod improa- •ion. or tho bock eovor whon approprioto. All othor originol eopioa ara filmod bogtnning on tho firat pogo with a printad or illuatratad impraa* •ion. and anding on tho loot paga with a printod or illuatratad improaaion. Tho loot racordod frama on aach mieroficho •hoil contain tha aymbol -♦ '"»••"•"■ ''52!!'' TINUED"!. or tho aymbol ▼ Jmoaning SNO J. whiehovor appliaa. Mapa. plataa. eharta. ate. may ba filn»ad at diffaront raduction ratioa. Thoao too largo to bo ontiroly included in ono axpoaura ara filmed boginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, aa many framea aa required. Tho following diagrama illuatrate tho method: L'exemplaira filmd fut roproduit grAca i lo g«n4ro8itA do: Blblloth^quo natlonalo du Canada Lea imagaa tuivantaa ent *t* reproduites avae la plua grand aein, eompto tonu do la condition at do la nettet* do roaomploiro film*, et en eonf ormit* ovee lea eonditiona du centrat da fUmogo. Lee oKomploiroa originou« dent la eouverture an pepier eet ImprimOe sent filmOa en cemmencant par le premier plot et en terminent toit par la demi*ro pogo qui comporte une empreinta d'impraaaion ou d'iUufltration. aoit par la second plat, salon lo eaa. Toua lee autres axomplairas originoux sont filmda en eommencent per la premiOre pogo qui comporte une empreinte d'improaaion ou d'illuatration et en terminent par la demldro pogo qui comporte une telle omprointo. Un dea symboloa suivanta apparattra sur la dami^ro imago do cheque microfiche, selon le eoa: le symbolo -^ oignifie "A SUIVRE". lo avmboloTsiflnifio''FIN". Lea cartoa. planches, tableaux, etc.. pouvont «tre filmto A doa taux do rAduction diffArents. Lorsque lo document oat trop grand pour Atre roproduit en un soul clichA. il est filmA A partir da Tangle supArieur geuche, do geuche A dreite. et do haut en baa. en pronent le nombre d'imogoo nAcoeaaire. Lea diagrammea suivantt Ulustrent lo mAthedo. 6 maoctm nsoturioN tbt cha«t (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No. 2) US . HA 12.2 tarn L25 i U 1^ I 1.6 A APPLIED IIVMGE I I65J Coil Hoin Str««l Roch«it«r. N«w York U609 USA (716) WJ - 0300 - Phor. " (716) 286-5969 -fa. THE GREAT NESLECT IN SHEEP HUSBANDRY FAILURE TO CASTRATE RAM LAMBS INTENDED FOR SLAUGHTER >i?¥ 4 ■LH. ADVANTAGES OF DOCKING CroH-bi I yepriing wethors. Tsnnn— 1 DOMINION DKPAnXMENT OF AOniCUl^TUHK LIVK STOCK URANCH PAMPHLET No. SHEEP AND C:OAT DIVISION DOMIXIOX OKPARTMEXT OF AC.KK ILTIHE. LIVE STOCK BBANCH. JOHN BRIGHT. Committlonar. H. S. ARKELL, A«tt. Commit SHEEP AND GOAT DIVISION. Till". .MANAC.KMKNT OF S.MAM. FLOCKS SKUIKS. PAMPHLET No. 9. ■/illiiiilin, l')l-'>. CASTRATION AND DOCKING. T. UK(i. AKKKI.l. im.\ NOli.MAX .STAX.sFlKLD. One proiiiiiu'iit writer im iinriniltiirnl topit-s lias I'liiiriU'lcrlzcd tlic fiiiluro to fiistrntf iiiiili' limilis iis " tlie (.n-c:it iicsjlcct " in slicrp liiislmniliy. 'riicri' is im dimht thut tliis iic)rlif«'nret to cantrute Indl ealvcs, unless they are intended for hretdini; i.iiri)oses. IIoj; raiser- have realized that it is neeessary to inisex their grade hoars and some even deprive the fenndes (I their ovaries, iu order to insure the lu-t gains in weight. There is no justitiahle reason why sheep raisers shouhl he so eare'.ess in this regard. Xi-vertheless. eohl faets demon- strate that, unfortunately, eniasculation of grade rams is not practised to the extent it should he. Why castration slmnhl he neglected in this class of live stock is diffi- cult to iniderstand. Proliahly the greater docility of the rnm compared with the bidl or stallion nniy afford an explanation. The ram will not hreal< down fences ns will the stallion, nor gore nttendants to death as the hull. Dire calamities always impress people. It sho\dd not he necessary-, however, for deaths to occur hefore warnings are heedeil. Fortuinitely for mankind, rams are not so fcrocioiis as hulls. Tf they were, imagine the continual danger which would be the result of the number of entire rams which are to ho found in every district where sheep are raised. Docking is also neglected to fully as prreat a degree ns castration. Both sexes should be docked. The main nrgument against the docking of horses is that the natural means of fly protection is destroyed. In the case of sheep, this argument cannot be raised, because the tail is so heavy as to prevent switchinff and, tnoTeover, 72953—2 3 the lu'iiv.v .•.iNvrin;: ..f «.m,|. wliirl. tlir llir. . iiimnt |M.n. tr:.t.'. in.iki- it uiiiiiTi.«iiry. On llu- ..tli.T linii.l, ll.r |.r.»vii.'f ..I u tiiil imliici- tlir .nll.'.'lii.ii "I' inmiiir.'. in wiii'-h mumoti* limy il<'vi'li>|i. UKAsoxs van casthation. 1. I"ii..*cx«m1 Imnli- ill! iiiorr I'lKily mriil fur tliiiii rmii* in th ■ tirl.l. «ii ili''y on- iii«t »!' n^tlc'"!' 11. kI. i(.ii-i<|iniilly. >\ > not r«K|uiri' ii> *\r»\iu ffiw i -. '>. \Villu!»« ttrxvf iinil liiltiii iii'Ti- (|iiirkly tlinii rniiw. I.niiili^ Inr liic full iii^nU't nw r.>,-<'o,\* to L'a.-4ti'atiii); luiiit"* '•>' lui'unjj of llit* eiiKincululttr. worry tliu fiiiiiilfs in liis < i|iiiiiy iind. when sepii rated fniiu tluiii. tlic i!iiilcs will jump iiIH'ii "lie iiimtlier, piiyiiij,' very Utile nlteiiticm to feetlinsr. These luiiilw f (PhmI ^ln|>li. iiliiitf mill liiml.- frmii n wril-iiiiiiiiiii.il llnrk HikI ;i rcmlv iimrki't. ivrii ill liiiii • of 11 fi'iii|>oriir.v iiiiirkrt ilo|irr^T.ioii. •; VhitiT fi'i'iliiiir f.r iiHilloii |nir|»o»i':' CiUi Ikj iimUTtulMii liloro -iirn-ssfully willi \.il' 1 '•» tiiiiii Willi niiii-. MI:TIH)I>S ol ( ASTU.MKiN. Liiiliilily to injury or ilinlli i« lli.' liimi- .ncii-o wliiili «oiiu' iiii'ii pn; fiTwiml wlifii ii"k»U «li> tlic-y do not .-icriliitu tlnir iiuili- ImiiU. Tlurc i^ vi»'.v litllf ri«l*. S.vtriiiK t!if «ii>tiim iiii 1 l.-r-lUlts iiuiir llif Ui 'y witli llie iina«iiti.*or. howevei. if tlu' o|H'n.ti..M is piTformoil »t tli.. proper time iiii.i ^ittcntion i- p..i(l when tla. Imnl. i* .il>out t.,, ,i..ys or tw., woks ol.l. At tl.i> tin... .. um.i.nun. i.n.ount of pain is ci.us.Ml. \t!r<\ ran.s. .-v.... Uv or six yi'i.rs ol.l. ...:iy 1... .Icpriv.^l ,.f tti.ir t.-s- ti.-ios with safety, if the ..piTation is iM.rf.>ni..Ml in a ••an^fiil manner. An .•■T.'.-tivo disinfectant .sho.ild l.e used in all cases. The hands an.l knile shoul.i be .teriliTied ,„d « little «nti«-pli«- P>""-'> <"' "'<• «••"""'• ""•"•''>■ I"-"^""""" ""• I>-;''" ">■ "^ |«fi.-ti»n. Clean ihm.^ with rnHMtra r.n.-w:.U of fr.-h -tn.w nr. r..,«.r.'.. II -...• tnition tnVc« pl.u-o wl..n l.low-tli... ..r- nl.M.wL.nt. |.r..,...ution- ^Ihm.M U tuk.M. t,. prevent tl...ir intrrfrr.n.o ,.ith tlu- «oun.l. Tl i- ...ny 1,.. .1 wih .r.-n.f-.-tn«t or . little eoverin« of t«r. Many .lu.ph.r.l* ..1nv.,v- ..un.r tlu- n,H.niM« of fl... -rrotum with an »in.nM„t of Inr.l .nwl tnr,H.nfi.... n.ix.Ml to tl.r .■on.i-.t,....-,v of .. «>ft i-n-t... Any DK-thod wl.ieh will prohibit th. ruvug... of the ll.v and h.uten hcdmir .. ->.tH.-..„t. Ci'ltin , i.T the Iowlt end of the »jrutuiii wi-.li a knife One of the n.u>t .■, onuou and un.loul.t.-Jl.v tl.o old...t for.,, of c^trntion i. wh.ro one-third of the scrotum U cut off m.d the tc.ti.lo. drawn out by the- t....th of ti.o operator. In this w..y the op».n.tio„ is porfornu.d qui.-kly Some ol,..H t,, tin. method. l.......u,so tlu,- dc.e,n it filthy, yot n,„„y ..f tho.n nndouhtedly rcl.sh kmW fry" There n,>,y ho. on the oth. r hand, son.e .^rounds for objection throuph the Lnce fro. the n.outh of baeteri.. into the wonnd. Ren.ovul of the te.t.ele. n,ny be effectcl by .' i.. them with the fin.er and tbun.b. but. there .. n,o.e d.n.e of bur.ti„. the tes.ielo in this pro..edure tbun where the ren.oval .s ,nade w th the teeth. A small pair of pineers can aUo be used for tb,. purpose. It ib be. er o ^,,,, „,t the =r-rn,.tie eord which is attached to the testicle rather than cut >t w.th n knife. i \ III .•.i.trntinir "I'l mm-, tl... cnfir.- -.•mtMin 1 if '-..-MruU ..re r..M...v.^.l l.y «.vi.rinw it .u...r tho l-Kly. l-t j.iiai-r. whi-l. «ar tl... -x. n-,1 .rt.ri. - .....1 ti...- pr.- v.-..t l,l,.,-.li..K ..r.- u«..l ill Mi.li .•««•.. Tlu-n. ..n- ...m..> wI... ii-.' tl.i. in.tl...' ... .•,.- tr.tiiiK l..inW A.I in-tn.in...t ,MN-i..ll.v .l.-itf.u.t.'l f'-r -l.rill/in«. kn..«.. ... .... ..,„.i«.ul..t..r. i- .•.I.I.I...V...1 f..r tl.i. iM.ri...... In „-i.,ir it. .1... t.-ti-l.- an- |.r.--.l ,..,w.ir.l ...Ki tl..' I..w..r ,H.rti..|i ..f tli.- ..mt, .,t -tl. Tl... .-..r.!- i.. .1.., ..i..r,.ti..u ,.ru f...i.|.l.t..l.v «v,.r.,l. Sx. UlnK imiy f-H.-w I'.-t n.ny I... r-.lu 1 t.y l,„ti,...u with II warm ili-iiifi'<'tii.'.f will. tin... _ s:,u«- w.th.r- .I1....I.I l."v,. ., f.ill '-.mr..." ..r ..•r..t..m. If tl... .ntr...... .. ii....!- from tl... -i.l.. the .m- -f tl... ..r-.tu... i- .w.t .li...i.ii.l.-.l. ^..r.. i.....t In- t,.k.>. tl.ni tl.e utK..|.i..K is i.nir tl.o low.T t-i.-l *• u. t« pruvile K0...I dr..i .....1 pr-v-nt tlu- I Met . ' of .1'ickiaglaii.lM with pincen. ....n.vtion of PUH n... l.-li.l. ,n,. .-. .....v.mI ly tl... ..M- of ,.n....*c-uli.t,.r* whi.'h mt tlip.iitsh tho slK-r. ■ cord. UK.VSOXS FOU DOCKINC. ..Linure .-H'-t* <-.. " l">i« tail v.Ty fn-lily ,,,..1 ...ay U'-nnu- „ |.....r,li,. l,r.-...li..ir l.luco for inatifiMts. In small la...l.s wla..e diw-tivi, tracts arc ni.xttl.d mai.uiv 8,m.ctimo« n.k.-s to such an ixtc.t ..round tl.e tails that .lefm.tion i- i.n,.(.ssll,lo an.l death resulta. ■2. Tla- tail is usei.ss ..i.d the Mood wl.irh promot.-s its (irowlh .an Im- l-ctt-T utilized fls.'vvhtre. 3. Doiki.ijf is a.i evid.....-e of earefi.l shephenli..;;. Buyers leav the ne^'l.'-tf flocks untouched i.ntil the li- . 4. In the case ,.f ewes u long tail is sometimes an ohstri.<-tion in the a.'t of copulation. 5. Dockillli adds greatly t., th<- appcnravce of a sheep. METHODS OK DOCKIXO. Docking, carefully performed. Ib seldom followed by bad result. True, n littla •blee.n.1, mS occur when a kuife is used, but it does not usually atta.u dan«ero.. or scr - .. ro,«rtions. Ciencn.lly a lamb ^vheu releu^.d after dock.nK w.ll run to Us 1 . ,. I '..nnK.u..e sucUin.. This show, th.t the oper„tu.n .s by ,u. n.aus e Bleclin. nu,y b.- proven.cl by searing the end of the ta.l or. where the kn.fe u ed 1 V .vi„! twine, v-.i-h n.y be ren.ove.1 ei.ht or ten hours after the operat.on. lu tui.l the tail above the w.,und. The n.st favourable «.e for dock, „« .. ..aneo of ewes, at ten to fourteen days old and. with rams, five to seven y f,er eaMra.ion. Castration and doekin. may be done at the same t.me. but .t • be ter in the case of small flocks to have an interval between the two o.K.rat.on. m Piwition of the piiicerH in docking li»inl>». The tail should be severed at the third joint of the vertebrae. Docking sho.dd be ,.rforn.ed in the morning, so that excessive bleeding will be detected and ren.ed.ed *'*"*"Tb"rf are two methods of docking, firstly, by using a knife, and secondly, by the aid ,.f pincers. The first u.efhod consists of placing the lamb between the opera- ., -s legs, its rear en . found by feeling . n the undersi.le of the tail. The skin on the unders.de of the il Id Jdra^'. up toward the body of the lamb, so that when the tail is severed 9 it comes ,lowi. over tin- eii.l of tlie joint. «l.i<-h indi.o,.s ,..,apiilati..n of the W.md und facilitates huulii.K. A little- disii.leotai.t on the wound assists the healintt nn.l prevents infection. The tail may be pla.-ed on a hoard and s.-vered hy means of a chisel and mallet, hut the knife is more ae.-urate an.l is not «o lial.le to hruisc th.- tail hones. In the second method, the operator requires an assista.it and a pair of iron pincers are i.s.mI. They are heated in a fire and the operation is performed while they are hot. thereby searinp the wound which prevents hlecdinpf. TTowcvcr. in.s not infrequently collects underneath the scab which forms, and the suppuration which ensues may cause an aftermath of greater pain to the lamb than the sharp. clean cut of a knife. Of course, danpter of infection is more liable from a knif.' wound, yet when .'lean beddin-r and strict sanitary measures are employed this will. to a very great extent, be obviated. Mithocl ot duckinK lamlM »i
  • - tration of ram lambs sold for slaughter. "We believe that one-third of our total receipts of lambs are n.,t dockcl iinr .M-t- ratcd and these practically all come from the northern part of Alberta. Mifrht s.y that a large percentage of the lambs from the southern part of the provmcc are docked and castrated. On account of the above we figure on deducting about ,c. per pound on all the buck lambs after they get pretty well grown." i. ji- , " Might state that the percentage of lambs not tnmmed that I ani handling would be about 30 per cent; the reduction in price runs about $1 per cwt.. due to omission of castration. j . , . erioJs is undoubtedly due to the l..t t a .n October 1, l'.n:i. there was a ruling n.a.le at the L.ve Sto-'k KNclu,n^:e. I'-"'" "> » deduct 75 cents' per head on all buck lan.bs. In the early 1-' '";>-- j;,;': inspection ^vas discontinued and has not been re-establ.shcd. Our ..,^un.ptIon is Poaitian of the knife in docking lambs. thnt the shippers generallv understood it would be established October 1, which i. Ira '..for shipping buck lambs prior to October 1. The f,,- . that t >e ruhn. was established last yc" undoubtedly has been the means of u.ereasinK castration by the "'"'^N^^XraCt one-third of .,ur early native lambs which arrive at this market during .Tuiv, August nnd September have not been castrated nor docked. However. Z balance of the vear the native lambs are practically all castrated. " u rei to'our western ranpe lambs will add that it is very seldom that a lamb is found which has been neKle<.ted in either regard and we find them much more Erable from not only a killer's standpoint, but for feeding purposes as well. .'Your campaign along these lines should receive the approval and eo-operat.on of every farmer throughout Canada, as it will mean dollars to every man who raises lambs."" n "Wc think thnt iiboitt 2.". ikt <-fi,t ..f tin- Inml.s ci.iiiiiDf li.Te tiro in.t .locketl. Of ,rsu this is ..nly a jji i^ss, us wf Imve lu.t taken tla- n.v.ssary pains t» know •• lU-KurdinK tlic- mhu-tiun in price (hii- to the omission of .astration wc w.nil.J sav that after the- Hrst of Sopt.iulHT. huvers of lan.hs w.Mil.l isWv h- \»-r paind an.l upwards nioro for ewe and welher hun.-lu.s of lambs than they would lor hiMiehes of l.nek lan.lH. We are jiettinR a hijrpT iH-reentase of eastrat.,1 laml.> this >.ar than we were hist year, hut there are still a larfre numher of lamhs eoniin^f here whieli should have heen enstnited." , , . i . "We find that praetieally 40 per .-ent of the lamhs eomiufi to our uiavU.^t are not doeked nor enstrated. On an avera^re they sell at from 50 to 75 e.nts per .'wt. less than ewes and wethers. i .i i i ,>„ "At the present time there is a niarke.l d.fferen.'e. l-.w,.s ,M.d wethers lune l.e, n l.rimrinK this week fmir. .*V.!»(t to ^-.W per ewt., while ram lamhs have been bniiu'iiis from $<>.75 to $T per cwt." ■ fiLWA"'