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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 '•fir'^> ?'*.ir f#fcS6-l r^3^? iHS^ •-;A ' ^■■': 9C .sf 3C 11 lee-leepsFs' landy Series u \ • -' .'■';■'■'' oil I No. 4. J] THE 1 U I J n Bee-Keepers' «• Dictionary. ij J nl Hi PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH TpE (JANADIApI BEE JODI^NHL.. PRICE 25 CENTS. BEETON, ONT.: THE D. A. UONES COMPANY, tD. I ae ac nSSnEEScLSii •Ili I!' ' ■IE . -vjfi • -f -f. ,-^ •■',v-'' ■( 1^ ^0^**''' ''*' ••'■,A *' '' It .-A.V ..^ ;:■. '■X - !-']^, i; . ' r <'■>. •-;>/. -"-<,■,: J'-v' ; ' ;■< *i- ' if-- 'i ■ '- ;:.■*■ " ■■ ■ . • 1 1 .4^ Hamilton Public Libkary J V ■■■' -I ^H Reference Department Shelf Number R638,1 Cana B392 ^4 p. 4( This Book is not to be taken out of the room. r^lHu - 1949 'AW ^.-J W-::: ^^. 'V '■ m:- . ''I ^■ = r1r ' '*• >./ ^ lee-leepers' iandy ieries No. 4. <■ ' '•! THE Bee-Keepers' * Dictionary. 3 PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH TpE dMADIAJI BEE JOOpj^L i HAMILTON PDRUC LIBRARY BEETON, ONT.: THE D. A. JONES COMPANY, LD. .>../.'! I the lee-leepGis' iictionary, tT/HERE is probably as much or Q^Us) more annoyance arising from the improper use of phrases con- nected with bee-keeping than in any other business. The terms used are so much out of the ordinary routine that unless one is pretty well posted there is a good deal of danger of making mis- takes. To prevent this and to hring about as much uniformity as possible, we have prepared the following glossary or dictionary of the words and phrases which are ordinarily met with in the business of bee-keeping. We are indebted to all the Bee journals, Cook's Manual, Root's -4 .B.C. and Phinn's Dictionary, for much that is contained herein, and we hereby publicly acknowledge 6ur indsbtedness. ABDO>fEN. — Is the third or rear section which the body of every bee is divided. into Abnormal Swarm. — Bees some unnatural cause. leaving a hive from Adulteration. — The mixture of foreign sub- stances with any of the ordinary articles of commerce. Honey and wax are often adul- , terated, and much mischief is caused thereby, to those who are honestly endeavoring to gain a livelihood by the business of bee-keeping. After Swarm. — A swarm which issues subse- quent to the first swarm. See second and third swarms. ATTrHTT:;G Board. — A board at the entrance of tliG hive for the bees to light on, usually 1_;1 .ccjl m a slanting position. AriAiusT. — An expert bee-keeper. Usually applied to one who makes bee-keeping his sole business. Apiary. — A place where bees are kept. Apiarian. — This word is used as an adjective and is applied in different ways in the bee- business, such as "apiarian appliances," "apiarian supplies," etc. Apiary Register. — A book in which to keep a record of both queens and colonies. ApifliULTtJRE. — This word has the same relation to bee-keeping as the word agriculture has to the tilling of the soil. Artificiai. Comb. — There is no such thing in 'existence, though accordmg to the newspapers one would think it quite common. Some bee-keepers persist in calling foundation by the name, but it is very improper and misleading. AiiTiFiciAL Honey. — A term applied to a foreign substance put on the market as honey, which ha9 an appearance and taste somewhat similar t2 genuine honey and ia made so by the addition of a little of the genuine article. ABaiif'iciAL Pasturage. — Plants which are grown or sown expressly for the purpose of making a food supply for the bees. Artificial Swarm. — Usually a swarm made by the bee-keeper by dividing up two or more strong colonies into three or four. Artificial Pollen. — Substitutes for pollen fed to tlie bees ir the spring, as rye meal. Balling Queen. — The cluster of bees which gather around a strange queen in the shape of a ball and attempt to sting her to death. Bar Hives. — Hives in which only the top bar is used. In England they still talk of bar frame hives. Barren. — Sterile. Incapable of producing young. Bee Bread. — Pollen. Bee Diarrhoea. — A disease of bees improperly called dysentery. Bee. — This word relates to the full grown bee or worker, as a rule, though properly it applies to all the inmates of the hive. Bee Gum. — The trunks of trees which were ex- tensively used at one time, and are at the present day in some districts, in lieu of hives. Bee Hive. — A hex with suitable fittings made to hold a colony of bees. Improperly calJed "gum, skep," etc. Bee Glue. — A resinous substance got from the buds of Balm of Gilead, pine or other trees. Bee Guard. — A contrivance of perforated metal placed at the entrance of the hive to preve it drones from flying and bees from swarming, at the same time allowing workers to pass '*n and out ao usual. Bee Culture. — The keeping or management of bees. Bee House. — A house to hold several colonies of bees. Bee Moth. — A miller which preys upon the combs. Bee Pasturage.— Honey producing trees, plants or shrubs improperly called artificial pastur- age. ^ Bee Space. — The space through which worker bees can pass comfortably. Five-sixteenths of an inch is the usual measurement called a bee space. Bees can pass through a space one- quarter of an inch but 3annot move around to advantage in such a cramped place. * Bees Wax — A substance made by bees and used for building comb. • Bep: Keeper. — One who keeps bees. Bee Line — The shortest and most direct line from one point to another, similar to the line which a bee takes when flying through the air. 3rE Louse — A.n insect found on honev bees. Bee Master. — One who keeps bees. Bee Plants. — Plants that yield honey. Bee Tent. — A tent made for covering the hive and operator; to be used in times when the bees are wont to rob. Bee Tree. — A tree m which Is found a colony of '^ees. Bee Veil. — A covering for the face to prevent the bees from ; triking or stinging the face of the operator. Black Bees. — These are the ordinary honey bees. They are sometimes called brown or German bees. Bo'^TOM Board. — A board whichforms thebottom of the hive; it may be either fixed or movable. Box Honey. — Comb honey stored by bees in boxes; now very seldom put on the market. Broad Frame. — See wide frames. The latter name is now most generally used. Brood. — Larvae in all its stages. Brood Foundation. — Such as is used for the brood chamber; generally running from 5 to 7 sq. feet to the pound and made of the darker wax. Section foundation used in sestiona runs 8 to 10 sq. feet to the pound. \ Bbked (n). — A term applied by stock breeders to races artificially produced. The breeding of bees cannot, in the sense and meaning of - the word, be carried on except on islands or other places where the apiarist can bt poatti\e of what his results will be. Breed (v). — Generally applied to brood rearing. Brood Combb. — Combs used for brood, or brood- rearing purposes^ Brooding Bees. — Nurse bees which have the care of the young. Brood Comb. — Comb containing bees. Brood Frames. — This term is applied to the frames used in the brood chamber. They may be of any size to suit the hive. Bridal Trip. — When the queen flies forth in the air in search of drones. Cage. — A small box usually made of perforated metal or wire, and used for introducing queens. See queen cage. Can: (n). — This is a mixture of honey and sugar, and is used in shipping cages where queens are forwarded by mail or where fc-^ea are shipped by the pound. It is also uscl to supply stores to starving colonies in cold wnather. Candy (v). — When honey crystalises it is said to be a candy or candied. The word granulate is preferable. Cap (n). — The cover ci a cell, generally'called capping. Cap (v). — To seal or cover a cell over. Card. — A frame filled with comb. Capped Brood. — Sealed brood. Capped Honey. — Sealed honey. Cappings. — The tops of cells which are removed from the frames when prepared to be placed in the honey extractor. Cabniolans. — The bees from Carniola, in south- western Austria. Cahcausian Bees. — Bees from the Caucausian Mountains. Cells. — The birthplace of bees, and the depos- itory in the oomb for honey. Chaff Hives. — Double walled hives filled with chpff (sometimes with sawdust) and intended to be used outside both winter and summer. Chilled Brood. — Is caused by the bees moving off the brood, and not keeping it sufficiently warm. Brood is thus chilled in all its stages from the egg to the fully developed bee. Cluster of Bees. — A festoon of bees clinging to one another after alighting. Clamp. — This word is used in two senses in bee- keeping. Small pieces of the me+al so formed as to fasten two or more parts of the hive together. For instance, metals used for fastening the bottom-board to the hive or the supers to each other, are called clamps. The word also applies to an outside shed built for several colonies of bees and filled around, as well as above p 1 below, with sawdust, chaff or straw, for ti^j pu*-pose of wintering out of doors. Cleansing Flight. — When bees issue from the hive after a long period of confinement for a fly it is said to be a "cleansing flight." Closed End Frames. — Frames which have the sides or end pieces one-half bee-sp9ce wider on each side than the top and bottom bars so that when two frames are placed together there will just be bee-space between the top and bottom bars. Comb. — This consists of wax dralwn out into hexagonal cells by the bees, and built together so as to form a sheet. Comb Foundation. — Is the wax on which the baseL of the cells have been imprinted by a machine, mill or press. The foundation for the brood chamber is very often called comb foundation while that for the surplus depart- ment is designated as section. ' Comb Ouids on Stabter. — Small sttips of oolnb foundation to start the bees ir. bailainj^ ooikibB fot sections. Comb Honey. — Honey in tV^e comb, in either sections or surplus boxes. Colony. — The bees of a hive. A. complete colony oonaists of a queen, workers, and at the proper season, drones. Sometimes called stock. Comb Basket. — An arrangement made of tinned wire cloth for the purpose of holding w^ak combs or broken pieces of comb while being extracted. Comb Bucket. — A bcx of tin or wood with a cover and handles to hold frames so that they may be easiily carried about from one place to another in the bee yard. CouB Holder. — A device for supporting frames hooked' over the edge of the hive. Cbate. — In Canada the word orate designates a BUial] light box, having glass in one or both sides for holding complete sections of comb honey 1316 fitted up for the market. See ship- i»iiig crate. Cr<.^ss. — When two races or j^reeds are br«d to- gether the progeny is said to be a cross or hybrid. Cross Mated —When the queen of one breed mates with the drone of another breed, the former may be said to be cross^mattid. The phrase "irapnrely mat^d" is very often ueed instead of this. It is wrong, however, inas- much ae the word "impure" implies that something has taken place which was not deiired while this may not be the case. CcsBzoN.— A bag filled \'itii ohaf or sawdust, to be placed over the frames in odld weather. CxrssAM Biis.^Bees from thb island Of OVpitm, Dbid Brood.^ — Generally paused by the transit . ,j of colonies by rail or otherwise. It is attributed to the excitement of the bees while being moved, neglecting to feed the larvae at a ; period which is very critical in their develop- ment, and to the jarring and general disor- ganization of the staff of the hive at such ' times. It may be distinguished from foul * brood inasmuch as the larv89 retaiiis ics shape and appearance. Tiie bees will generally clean out the dead brood if the colony is sufficiently strong. DiSAD Air Space. — A space betweeu two walls which latter are bc tight that the air inside this space is not permitted to come in con- tact with the atmosphere outside. Dextrine. — A substance, which when mixed with water, will at bach paper to tin or glass. Dipping Board. — A thin board about three feet long and one foot in width, and of three- ^r eighths material. It is for the purpose of making the thin sheets of wax preparatory to their boing run through the foundation mill. Dividing. — A method of increase by dividing two or more colonies. , | ,, Division Boards (Metal). —Are made of perfora- ted metal for placing behind thebrood-ohamber and in front of the wide frames containing sections where honey is taken from the lower story. Division Board (Wooden). — A board made after the pattern of a frame but the full inside measurement of the hive. It is used for dividing the hive so as to contract the brood - chamber. Drones. — Male bees. the outside of bees into an Driving Bees. — Drumming on the bodys of hives to drive the empty box on top. DiiONB GoifB. — Cells large enough (4 to the inch lineal measure or 16 to the square inch) t0 oontaip drone brood, >, . i Droits BRddi). — The 06m«fibn riftm^ for Ijltobd' which prcduoes drones. Drone Ecas. — This expression is applied to the egfi^s which produce drones. That is nnfer-. tiliiedeggs. - '...,:i..- -r.^:U.:j.i?^'i-3 Dronb-Lating Queen.— One th,«^,t , , \p,y^ ,!^Sg>^ Which produce drones only. . .,' Drone Trap. — A contrivance for catching the drones at the entrance of the hive. , , . Drumming. — A rapping or beating on the sides of a hive to cause the queen and bees to l^ave the comb and pass up into another box. This teTn is synonymous to "driving bees." Dummies. — A term applied in Europe to division boards. EoGS. — A small body developed in the ovary of the queen and deposited by her. Entrance. — An opening or pacsage through which the bees enter and by which they leave the hive. . .•-■.•■■- - ■^•- :. .:'v ..;.■.» ;• Entrance Blocks.— These are small triangular shaped blocks of wood used to contract or in- crease the entrance as may be required. . Entrance Guard. — See bee guard. Extracted Honey. — Honey taken from the combs by centrifugal force improperly called strained honey. ' ■ » ^ >*' ; Feeder. — A device for holding bee food in sixbh a way that the bees can secure the food with- out beinf^ drowned. Fee»br (Canadian).-- — When colonies require feeding up for winter this is used over the top of the frames and contains from 10 to 15 lbs. of feed (sugar syrup or honey.) The bees will take up the entire contents of the feeder in one ni^ht. Feeder (Entrance).— Generally used for stirmi- lative feeding in spring. As a inle these oou* tain space but for a pound or go of food. They arfi placed at the entrance of the hive» and are so managed that wh ;.^ the inmates of the hive to be fed oan reach ha store the rohWia ' oanuot bother them. m FffziyR (Wmter). Where beee run (hori q1 ■tores this is used. It is placed OTer the tops of the frames and filled with a candy made of granulated sugar and honey. FiRTiLB Queens. — Queens wMch are properly mated and which are fruitful, laying such eggs as nature intended should he laid hy the queen of the hi^e. F^Htile Wobebks.— Worker hee^ so deyeloped that they lay eggs; the progeny of all such, however, are drones. Floor Board. — The bottom board of , the hive, sometimes loose and sometimes nailed. Forage.— Bee food obtained from unnatural sources. Foul Brood. — The name of a disease, which at the present time is quite prevalent through- out the country. It is a disease which, upon its first appearance, should be ideated promptly. It has a very bad odor and can be detected in its advanced stages, though it is more difficult of detection in the early period of its appearance in the hive. The presence of a brown coffee colored ropy matter in the cells in almost a sure sign of foul brood. Foundation. — Comb foundation. FRAHB.->When not qualified thia means the movable frame in which comb is. built in the brood-ch&mber and oonsiats of four pieoes, top bar,, sijde bars and bottom bar. The in- side measurement of some of the standard frames we give below : width denth Jones' Hive — extracted honey 10| x 12 J Jones' Coi^bination Etive , • 12f x I0| The New Heddon Interchangeable (closed end)... 1?| x ,4| Bicbardsom. ••••.. 14|x 10 Langstroth, Standard. . • l^| x 9^ Simplicity (Root's) 17| x 9i American 12 x 12 amiup XlJxUi lumby (Olbsed end).,.. .... 18} x llj Irmsh Association utaudard.M^tt H ^ Sj i FvMiOATB. — To puff smoke or the vapor of carbolic aoid, etc., into the hive. GsitMAM BiES. — Commonly known as black bees. Oluooss. — Is made from starch, grape Btigar,etc. Goon Candy.— First made by J. R. Good, and nted for shipping queens. It is composed of granulated sugar moistened with hbney to the consistency of a stiff paste which when allowed to stand a few days in a vessel with a seive bottom will leave the sugar 6i the proper consistency. GiAiiM Honey. — Honey which has b^n ex- tracted from the hive before it has been capped over and thoroughly ripened. Halv Bee Space. — A space one half the width of a bee space. In seqtions a half bee space is cut out of the top, bottom and sometimes sides, so that when two of them are placed ' together the result is a full bee space. Hatchino Bkood. — This term is generally ap- plied to brood just hatching from the cells, rrofessor Fhinn claims that this is improper, and says that it should b^ applied only to larv89 which are just issuing from the egg; eggs which are just hatching. We coincide with him. HivE.—Now generally applied t« boxes with movable frames. A hive should include the frames and entrance blocks. HemBY. — Nectar gathered from the flowers by the bees. Honey Board.— A board with slotts which come between the rows of sections, used over the frames to support the surplus receptacles and prevent the building of brace combs. HoNBY ExTBAOTOB. — A machine used for extract- ing honey from the combs by centrifugal force. HoNBT Gate.— A faucet for drawing honey from the extractor. HoNBY House. — A place for 8t<»ring and ex- tracting honey. , . . Il I "\ "in which to keep ^«»^^g the year round, which are usuaUy f P* ;" „„ed by aphides HOHE^ DBW.-A Bf «'»""; P bad thing to have or plant lice. "^ * ^^not ^»ter well on in a hive, and »>?e9 oanno ^^ ^ t it It ie Buoh miserable 8tu« ^^.^^^ian to on the marliet would '»l/"Jave.known bee- future sales, tl^°"8VUB h°^«^«^'.*'i keepers to do so. ^^^^J^^v-joh they knew Sntly sold something "j^es honey- nothing about. ^'X^^Tii^oM to trace ' dew gathered by bees, wn ^^^ supposed by to the »P^id\°Xt°honey-dew. «any to be »J»°'^*f.Xtraotor. . „ HoOTV S^™o»"»;-f'*or'^ strain between two i;r -Alu^develoP^ «^-t ^,,,„,e queen S1..O.K0 Q^"^'." V-„pf done there is Uttle ^'^erStoTX\\-meotherb«^^^^^^^ -S!rg'S;^r^oiurthey^ereim,.rt.a from Liguria. arranged that ^^' ^^Slsm^ be hitched out by artificial queen cells may. „„.-„iiv used. » Seat. A lamp «f.m which has come rff L«B SWABM. -A \^«'''" ir^season has passed. alter the usual swarming ^fant be. L-.BVA.-The second stage 1«J^r^^rltr S; usuW occurs in .Z^^^^^iTarmU^n^'- e id. leB ive on it it to bee- bbey tuew mey-, trace edby \ two queeu LB little Italian letimeB iported gd tbat xrtifioial Icotne o^ U passed. ilant !)©• Ibiob lay called scars m king frbttt Mahipulatwn .— Handling* Mandible. — The jaw of the bee. Metal Rabbets. — Strips of folded tin on which the frames rest. These should properly be called frame supports. Metal Ends. — A smsll arrangement made of zinc or lead generally, which fits on tho end of a brood frame and extends so far on each side that when coming in contact with the ends next to it the frames are spaced at regular intervals (bee space) apart. Metal RARiii. — These are usually made now of strips of tin cut about three-quarters of an inch wide, the edge bent at right angles and from four to six slanting teeth cut on the edge. The ends are also bent at right angles of a sufficient^ length to reach j both Jtop and buttom bar. Several of these will support broken combs or foundation until the bees fasten them in the frames properly, the pro- jecting points passing^into the comb or foundation forming the support. Metal Rests. — A strip of tin or iron cut about five-eighths of an inch wide, placed in a saw- cut three- eighths of an inch deep, projecting above rabbet in hive one-quarter of an inch for ends of frames to rest on. Mother Bee. — See Queen. Movable Frames. — See Frame. Moving Bees. — The transportation of bees from one place to another. Natural Swarm. — One that issues from the hive naturally. Nectar. — The secretion found in flowers which is gathered by the bees. Neuters. — A word sometimes applied to workers. It is now obsolete. Non-Swarming Hive. — A hive so contrived as to prevent swarming. We question their existence. . Nucleus {pi. Nuclei).— The foundation for a colony, consisting of a queen ; and 2, 8 or 4 frames of comb containing brood aad Ijoney and doYetdd with bees. ^'to care lor «« *>'^ may V)e obserr.*. ^j^, a CbVmaS them «qair. .P»c«g. The ^There'l"tu;S in^'« l-'"*^ *""^ *'" support. ^^ 1 jg used for many purpose. «X J^'?'*tt?chaaed in .beets time' "''^".".•""f^Whan that which 3x8 feet or in any .iZ". '™'' the apiarist may ^^re. _g^ q„3,„ ^»'°M?"„ Honey Boards. Exoladmg Honey do ^j^^. ^j jj,„„ PBWOWTEn Qp^" ^.'•"'holeB, nsed in queen perforated with * in_^n^ introducing oiges. l,^,i,u ana^^;^"J;L is perfectly in^ , Pimns.-A substanw i^.keepere for oi(Xora- It ».V "T ^°^den or tin vewd. coating the "^^"^ ^4 "^1 object being to which have been use*, i J ^^^^^ g,„y. cover any damaged 8P^»>° j^ ^ome v« thing with which the bon^ ^^^ to contact. Experiments have ^ j substitute parrato as^ accomplished foundation. J* .''^ " ,ince 112° *»« *^5 as up to a Ph'^rt tinw «nc ^^^^^^ y highest point ** ""'""lii.o Very httle, »*"• ."^^..^Si^r^de which will melt ^at parraan ^»» ^i.^wbable that new ex- iggo 80 that It IS pr^ ^^ j^ ^^^ of the »*"r„S.*rfroi:umi. white in colo. and produo*!.ol pe^^'^Yr.., white wax - !b «)metimes ^l^ K "! , ^„eak which queen. Vmm Q^'^^-A^ben thSTare more than gwna»t»a*Wra.wMrt.. it eft »e8 ind bhe Che han heir for Bsent heets yhich ^ueen [ zinc queen ciges. b\y in- , rs ioJf vessels eing to )r any- otti« ^* tied to ial tor iplished v^AS the would jty little melt at te"W •*- ie of the )olov and 3h qaeens lore than Its with Pollen. — See Bee Bread. Pollen Basket. — A cavity on the hind legs of the workers in which to carry pollen. Prime Swarm. — A first swarm. Propolis. — Bee glue. A resinous substance gathered from trees and used by the bees in filling up cracks, etc., in the hive. Pupa (pi. pupse). — The bee in its later stage aa sealed brood. Queen Cell. — The large cell in which the queen is raised. See illustration. Queen. — The mother of all the bees raised in a natural couditien in the hive. |UEEN (Tested). — One whose progeny has been examined and found to be pure. SHN (Canadian).— Usually applied to queens which have been selected because of the honey gathering qualities of their progeny. JEEN (Selected Tested). — Queens having the qualities of both selected and tested queens. (uEEN (Virgin). — A queen which has not been impregnated. I I n i- I . ;i^ One which the seller Queen (Warranted .-^"^eny ^f the queen V^Z lucTr^al rtp^reUed at the t.me ot ^^^^' . ^, -^N This term is applied to pure Q.EE..ESS.--^othaving^^^^^^^^^ Q.EEN ^^-'^^^^^•-'JXnies without queens are ^ said to be m a state ot qu ^^^^ Q.EEN CAOE.-A c^rt:f aSed to^BhiV^^ ^ during in^F^-^^^^f^^e^^^^^^^^^^ sent by mail. eages m which queen^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^.^^ ^^ ^^^ QxjEEN ^^^^^^^^-r^tv hWe holding a large num- ^ brood frame of ^^^y^^V^^^^jch the queen cells ber of hatching cages n wbicn ^^ j^ are placed just P^^^'^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ hatched in one hive aud queer- This may be irade ot per QtjFEN ExcLUMR.-Tlns n y i,<,„ey board ^ forated metal or tfe 8'° j^j, gtrips oi When tl^-l^^^fj-ftheya^e called metal and perforated metal ttiey ai ^ood queen excluders. 0,.,, _A cloth cover {or the frames. n:; _This name > ^TtrtaS 'nVo MTs^PPOrts upon -;^i'-\,'Xt is^eally that K«..Bx«aW.x.-Meltingcombsand clarify the wax. .^g een they are saia to uc .- has been introduced. leen le of pure d. is are queen ipping • ! as tbe e num- eii cells :1 in one may be 3 hive on n of tbe \ of per- r board, strips of netfctl and applied to nes 'n the j^^eally that hich is cut rames may 3f the hive. d clarifying ,9t its queen n a new one Ripening Can. — A receptacle for green or un- ripened honey in which it is allowed to stand in an atmosphere of proper temperature for aome time until it becomes ripened as if it had been left in the hive until capped over by the bees. HiPE Honey. — Honey that has been capped, if in the hive, or honey which has been thoroughly ripened by standing in a room of the proper temperature. Robbing. — Bees stealing stores from other col- onies. Royal Cell. — See queen cell. Royal Jelly. — The food given to larvae which developes it into queens. A peculiar rich and nutritious food which causes queens to mature in 16 days. Sealed Brood. — When the larvae reaches a cer- tain stage of development the cells are sealed over, remaining so until the perfect bee is ready to emerge. Sealed Honey. — When fully ripened the honey is sealed over by the bees. Section. — Small wooden receptacle for taking surplus honey in the comb. Section (1 lb.) — This term is generally applied to sections 4^x4 J inches. The width of these sections varies from IJ to 2 in., the standard being 1^ and It in. Section (2 lb.) — SI-xOJ inches in size. Section (Dovetailed) — This term is applied to sections where they are made in four pieces and go together by dovetailing on the ends. Sections (One Piece). — These are made in one piece of wood ; the corners are cut out so as to bring them together in the form when bent. [Sections (Single Slotted). — Having L-lf bee- space at top and bottom only. [Sections (Double Slotted). — Having slots or half bee-space on the sides. I."' Hi* 1.5 l^ ■^. n '■if A'' I- I. I I I I Sections (Sqnare Groove). — There are two differ- ent methods of making the joints at the corners where the bend takes place m the one piece sections. The V groove is made by van- ning the section under a gang nf saws which C'jt out a V shaped piece. The square groove is made by running them under a set of saws which cut out a nearly square piece. ij^ Section Frajies (Reversible). — These are niade by havin<^ a double top board and side boards run half-way down in the ordinary frame which hangs in the top of the hive. See Illustration. . •• !.■ ! i r.'i rrrrtT', Section Cases (Tinned Corners). — These go in the super, and are made to hold various sizes of sections. They arc put together by the use Oi pieces of tin so shaped that when slipped over the con: or they run dow^n through and hold crates in position. S ACTION Cases (Skeleton). 1 _^j^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ same purpoe as the section cases with the tinned corners, only come much cheaper. They are composed of the two ends and four pieces of wood cut out in the shape of a V trough. The end pieces are cut to the size of the sections and after the sections nave been slipped into position, the top troughs are placed on the top corners and are tacked to the end pieces with light tacks or wire nails. fer- tile one an-" licli DOve saws Liade )ard9 rame See go m IB sizes the use slipped igh and 3wer the .,7ith the [cheaper. Ind iour DG of a V size of lave been Ighs are kcked to lire nails. Section Foundation Fasteners. — These devices are very handy for securing foundation in the sections preparatory to placing them in the ^ super. Separator. — A piece of wood or metal placed between the sections for the purpose of pre- venting the bees from bulging out the combs. Second Story. — The proper application of this . term is an exact facsimile of the lower or brood chamber with the exception of the bottom board and entrance. It should contain the same size of frarpe and is used for taking surplus extracted honey. Single Walled Hive (generally contracted t» S.W.). — Is a hive of one thickness of lumber without air space or space for chaff packing. Shipping Crate. — Crates or cases in which the foundation sections are placed preparatory to marketing; usually they are glassed on one or two sides. Smoker. — An implement consisting of fire barrel and bellows; punk, rotten wood, rags and other similar material are burned, and the smoke is blown on the bees by means of a bellows. Slotted Honey Board. — A honey board made of strips leaving a bee space between, to be placed over the brood chamber and under the supers, preventing brace combs, and to a cer- tain extent, preventing entrance of the queen, to the supers. Spring Dwindling. — The diminution of a col- ony of bees in spring. Generally cansed by lack of bees for brood rearing or from queen- lessness. [Shipping Cage. — A small cage or box covered V7ith tinned wirecloth in which the queen and her attendant bees are sent by mail. [starters. — Small strips of foundation or comb, fastened to the top of brood frames or sections to induce the bees to work in them. )TING (n). — The bee's weapon of defence. r* i-\ i ; •'■,'■1 ^tinct (v). — The act of stinging. Stinger. — See sting. Sterile Queen. — A queen which never did or ' never had the ability to lay eggs. Stock.— This word is applied toooloniesof bees. In his dictionary of practical apiculture, Prof. Phin says : — " ^. stock includes a colony, hive, comb, stores and all that is necessary for the normal existence of the bees," Storify. — To range hives over or under each other. * Strained Honey. — improperly applied by a great many to honey taken with the extractor. Before extractors came into general use the liquid honey was generally obtained by squeezing the combs and all else that was con- tained in them besides honey into a mass wliich was then drawn through a cloth or other material. Super. — Improperly called top story and sejond story. Supers are generally of sufficient depth to hold one row of sections in height and are piaced over the brood chamber. BwARM. — A new colony produced by an old one. Swarms (artificial). — See artificial swarms. Swarming Box. — A box attached to the end of a long pole used for taking swarms from trees or bushes. It is held below the cluster and the bees are got into it by a sudden jarring of the limb. These are so made that the pole to which the box is attached runs up above the box a sufficient distance so that while the end of it may be used to jar the branch the box will still be below the swarm. Swarming Impulse. — The aesire or tendency on the part of bees to swarm. The conditions causing this state of thing are just a sufficient | quantity of honey coming in to increase ^ brooding, and not sufficient to enable the bees f to etore any in the surplus receptacles, iin&U crowding of the brood chamber also facilitates i the swarming impulse and is roheved by the! use of the extractor. i E 1^. Si TrI t b Tra fr, fi Wl] apj wis tin Bixrp intei in p use. Uncappj wire ( down is he down over t: from 1 honey taken c . Uncappiiv of seaJe the frar Unripe H Untested not been Ventilate. In bee-k houses ai current o eel opfmin x< or 'I SwAKM, (natural) -A n» ot brood m?.' "P'>"«* io j^rm?* 1"^ ''^^i^*- swrplus P««! ^^ *^^® bottom of ff ^^^"^^^ ^^ use. -^^ey are now in ve?v .? ^"^ Hm^at. ^®^y general not been exan^iuT^ ''"'"' ''^°^^ Progeny haa Ventilate.— Tn «k , V-* ed opening. ^ '''«'"'« of a properly arr/ng •'V ViEGiN Comb. — That which has been used but once for honey and never for brood. Wax Exteacior. — Ar. implement for rendering wax from broken pieces of comb by the aid of steami. Wax Pockets. — Small canities on the under side of the bee in which is secreted wax. Wide Frames. — Frames of a sufficient width to hold sections. These may ^~e placed in either the brood chamber or super. Wind Breaks. — Hedges or fences to protect the apiary from the force of the wind. Wire Embedder.— Where the frames are first wired this little machine is brought into use for the purpose of sinking wire into the foun- dation. Wire Frames. — Frames in which wire is placed at intervals to hold foundation in position and prevent it from sagging. Double tinned bars are generally placed vertically in the centre for the purpose of holding the top and bottom bars apart and keeping the wire taut. Wired Foundation. — Foundation, which in the making has fine wires run through it. Worker. — Undeveloped females who do the work of the hives, improperly called neuters. Worker Eggs. — Eggs layed by the fertile queen which may at the pleasure of the bees become cither workers or queens. Worker Comb. — This is the comb used for brooding and generally for storing honey, though drone 3omb is used at times for that purpose. The cells of the worker comb mea- sure five to the inch, twenty-five to each square inch and the surface on iDoth sides of the comb contains fifty cells in all. Drone comb measures four to the inch or 3ixteen to the square inch. HI ■T'» but .\\h , , ■ ■ ! ■ I I... I ■ T . — .1 «^ i? EVERY Canadian Honey Producer SHOULD READ ©HE (©AKADIftN Bee elOUf^NAL H ■!■ M It is published every Wednesday and contains each week valuable articles from the pens of the^ most skilled Apiarists on the continent. • ,■■■-.'., Valuable alike to the novice and expert. ONE DOLLAR A YEAR. Each number contains twenty pager>, making\ a volume of 1040 pages for $1 00. Subscriptions may commence with any number. The D. i. Jones Co., Ld^ Publishers, Beaton. '^.