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Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction dsffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est fiimd 6 partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les dirgrammes suivants iilustrent la mdthode. 32 X 1 2 3 4 5 6 ■i ' .l ' J! p i"». i m J \ c oo: ' !!'! l K.X-wi^i!V if ~f i ^i" w 9 f * yr " L SELECTIONS FROM LUCIAN : 00MFRI8INO CHARON, VITA, AND TIMOK TRANSLATED, WITH COPIOUS ANlfOT^LTIONS, BT DOUGLAS SHELDON SMITH, Mmber of the University of Toronto. TORONTO: OOPP. CLARK dc CO., 41 FRONT STPTSTJ^t v AQTi 1878. U f \^ Untered aceordtn^to Act of the Protlndal Leglslatuw, In the year of our Loid one thooeand eight hundred and Bizty«flTe, by W. 0. CHEWBTT k CO., In the OfBioe of the Registrar of the Province of Canada. •MiM*M^^ii«^ 9G04I6 PREFACE. The objtct of this work is to present » valusble ai^ to those preparing themselyes for the University. I have endeavoured as much as possible to overcome the difficulties a young student meets with, in reading the selections from Lucian given here. At present, Charon, Vita, and Timon, are the only parts used in the Colleges, and therefore I have thought it unnecessary to translate more than these ; so that the student may have aU that is required of him in a small compass. Great care has been taken in rendering the work as literal as is consistent with good sense. The copious notes I have given will save a great deal of trouble and labour to the student, who otherwise would have to waste much time in consulting other works. They are chiefly mythological, historical, and geographical I have also noticed the different readings that occur in the Greek text The translations have been rendered in accordance with the Greek test of Walker's Lucian, edited by Wheeler. In order to avoid mis<*lrea am *%», ...a «« au i.^t.. I have enclosed in parentheses () all words or phnies #' PREFACE. (excepting sor-otimes the verb "to be," and the per- ■onal pronouns) that are understood in the Greek text Those in brackets [J are used parenthetically in the Greek text. I am much indebted to Walker's Luoian, Baird's Classical Manual, Potter's Archaeologia Grceca, Tooke's Pantheon, besides numerous other works, for the eflS- cient service they have rendered me iia compiling the DOtlDS. D. SHELDON SMITH. I Brantford, 0. W. •Jane 27th, 1866. f It per- QXt the •d'a jffi. the SELECTIONS FROM LUCIAI^. ^ V' CHARON; OR, THE SPECTATORS. Hermes.*— Why do you laugh, Charon ?a Or why, having left your boat, have you come hither, up to the present day not at all accustomed to fre- quent affairs above ? Charon. — I have desired, Hermes, to see of what character the (things) in the world are,"and what men do therein, or deprived of what, all bewail when they come down to us ; for no one of them has sailed over without tears. Therefore I myself, having also demanded from Pluto' to become an absentee from my ship for one day, just as that lliessalian youth,* have come up to the light ; and methinks that I have fallen in with you oppor- tunely ; for I know well that, going about with me, you will act as a guide and will show me each thing by itself, since you know them all, I dare say. Hermes.- — I have not leisure, ferryman, for I go away to execute human business for Zeus above ; anvi lie is very quick-tempered, and I fear lest he may permit me to be altogether yours if t loiter, NMWI 6. deHvering me up to darkness; or, just as he did to Vulcan» lately, having taken me by the foot he may throw me from the divine threshold, so that I too, while acting aa cupbearer, may afford laughter by Imiping. . -^ Charon.— So then you are going to neglect me wandering about at random over the earth, and that too being a companion, a fellow-sailor, and a co- mate. Truly it were weU,0 Son of Maia,« that you should at least remember these things, that I have never ordered you either to pump or to be a rower; but you indeed snore, stretched out on the deck' having shoulders so strong; or if you should find any talkative corpse, you converse with it during the whole passage. But I, although an old man pulling at both the oars, row ali.— Do you know, Hermes, what I am ac- customed to say to you, when we sail (across the Styx) 1 For when the wind rushing down strikes upon the transverse sail, and the wave is lifted aloft, then you indeed tiuw^ ignorance fpye orders tg 8 take in sail, or to let out a little of the sheet, ot to scud before the wind ; but I exhort you to be quiet, for that I know what is best. Do you also now in the same way, since you are the pilot, do whatever you think to be right ; but I, as a custom with pas- sengers, will sit down in silence, obeying in every- thing your bidding. Hermes. — You speak rightly, for T will see what must be done, and I will find out a fit observatory. Is not the Caucasus*^ then suitable, or the loftier Parnassus," \)r that there Olympus" (loftier) than them both ? And yet when looking at Olympus, I don't remember anything bad about it ; but it is necessary for you also to aid and assist me somewhat. Charon. — Do yoTi give orders ; for I will assist as much as possible. Hermes.— The poet Homer*» says that the sons of Aloeus," there being two of them, while yet boys, wished once upon a time, having torn up Ossa"from its foundation, to put it on Olympus, then Pelion^"* on it, thinking they would have this a sufficient ladder, and access to heaven. Therefore both these youths suflfered punishment, for they were foolish. But why do not both of us [for we do not plan these things for hurt to the gods] build too (somewhere), £tnd in the same way roll mountains upon one another, so that we might have from a loftier (place) s f ■\ L I -t T Charon.— And will be able, Hermes, being two ■^ L i i i of us, having taken up Pelion or Ossa, to place it '(upon some other mountain) 1 ^ Hermes. — Why not, Charon 1 Or do you reckon that we are more ignoble than both these little in- fants, and that too being gods 1 Charon. — No; but the affair seems to me to possess some incredible difficulty, ^^ Hermes. — Naturally so ; forasmuch as you are an illiterate person, Charon, and by no means poeti- cal ; but the noble Homer forthwith made heaven easy to be scaled for us by means of two lines, thus easily putting together mountains. And I am as- tonished if these things seem to you to be strange, who of course know Atlas,^' who all by himself supports the very heavens, holding us all up. You have heard no doubt about my brother Hercules" also, how he once succeeded that same Atlas, and relieved him for a little while of the burden, having put himself under the load 1 Charon. — I have heard these things too; but whether they are true, you, Hermes, and the poets (probably) know. Hermes. — (They are) most true, Charon; for on account of what should wise men lie ] So that let us first raise up Ossa as with a lever, just as the verse and the architect Homer instructs "us, "Moreover the leaf-chaking Pelion on Ossa." ^^ Do you see how easily, and at the same time poetically, we have ac- complished it ? Then come, going up, let me see "''"' "I'" SISSKSTT^ i f . 10 wliedier theee aw sufficient, or whether it will be necessary to build in addition. Bless me! we are yet low down in the lower region of heaven; for from the East, Ionia and Lydia scarcely appear; from the West, not more than Italy and Sicily; from the Northern (regions), the (parts) on this side of the Ister" alone ; ind from thence, Crete not at aU distinctly. Even (Eta,** so it appears, must be removed by us, ferryman ; then Pamajssus (must be put) on all. CHARON.—Cjet us do so, only take care lest we make this work of difficulty too thin by extending it beyond what is credible; and then, being cast down along with it, lest we experience the architec- ture of Homer bitter, having our heads broken. Hbrhes.-— Be of good courage ; for all will be safe. Remove (Eta; let Parnassus also be rolled npon it. See, I will ascend again; all's well; I see everything; do you ascend also now. Charon— Hold out your hand, Hermes; fortius Is no small contrivance you are causing me to mount. HERMES.—(It must be so), if you wish to see all things, Charon; it is not possible (for you) to be both safe and fond of sights ; but seize my right (hand), and take care not to tread upon a slippery (place). Well done, you a}so have come up ; and since Parnassus is double-topped, let us sit down, each occuDvincr one amnmi* ~ R1I+. Ark xrrkft r%f\tnf pray you, looking around in a circle, oversee every- thing! T " •^^^ i^< 9 I- V i 4,. 11 Ohabok.— 1 866 much land, and a sort of great lake flowing around it, and mountains, and rivers greater than the Cocytus" and PyripUegethon;« and very small men, and sort 3f dens of theirs. Hermes.— Those are cities which you think are dens. Chabon.— Do you know, Hermes, that nothii^' has been done by us? But we in vain have remc^ Painassus with Castalia« iteelf, and (Eta, and the other mountains. Hebmes. — ^Whyso? Chaeon.— I, for my part, see nothing accurately from this lofty (plax)e); I wished not only to see cities and mountains themselves, as in drawings but men in person, both what they do and what they say ; for instance, when meeting me at first you saw me laughing, and you asked me what I was laughimr at; (I'll teU you), for having heard somethiiTl was delighted excessively. Hermes. — But what was this? Charon.--(A person) having been invited to dinner, I think, by some one of his friends for the iiext day, said, " I will come by aU means;" and while talking, a tUe from the roof falling down, I know not what moved it, kiUed him.. Therefore I laughed at his not fulfilling his promise. But I think I wiU descend now, that I may see and hear better. HERMES.— Keep quiet; for I wiU remedy this for you, and in a short time I wiU make you very sharp 12! sighted, taking a certain incantation from Homer for this also; and when I speak the verses, remem- ber <;hat you are no longer dimsighted, but that vou see all things clearly. Chabon. — Only repeat them. Hermes.— "And moreover I have taken the dark- ness from thy eyes, which before was upon them, in order that you may perceive well both the god and also the man." «» How is it? Do you see now? Charon.— Yes, astonishingly indeed'; the cele- . brated Lync^s'^ was blind in comparison with me. So that therefore do you inform me in addition to this, and answer my questioning. But do you wish that I should ask you according to Homer, so that you may learn that I myself am not unpractised in i^e (works) of Homer? Hermes.— And whence are you able to know any- thing of them, being always a sailor and a rower? Chap^on.- Look you, this is abusive to my art. But I, when I ferried him over after he was dead; hearing him utter rhapsodies about many things,' have remembered some of them still. Although not a small storm then came upon us. For when he began to sing some song, not at all propitious to sailors, [how Neptune** collected the clouds, and stirred up the ocean, putting his trident into it like some pot-stick, and roused all the storms and many other thincrsl dis*"*'V"« +1t» «'"- i— t~'~ denly a storm and darkness fell upon us, and all but r- ^ 13 overturned our ship; and when he, being sea^3ick vomited up the most of his rhapsodies, with Scylla" Itself, and Charybdis,«» and the Cyclop."' Hermes.— Then it waa not hard to retain at least a few from so great a vomit. CHARON.-For tell me, « Who is this most cor- pulent man, both noble and great, overtopping men with his head and broad shoulders ?"" HERMES.-This is Milo,» the athlete, from Cro- tona. The Greeks applaud him, because having lifted up the bull he carries it through the middle of the stadium. CHARON.—And by how much the more justly should they praise me, Hermes, who seizing that same Milo after a Httle, I will place him in my Uttle boat you know, when he may come to us, having been thrown by death, the most invincible of oppo- nents, not even understanding how it tripped him up ? And then he will no doubt bewail for us, re- membering about these wreaths and the applause • but now he is high-minded, being admired on account of the canying of the bull. What then? Are we then to think that he ever expects to die ? Hermes.— How then could he think, of death now, when in such great vigour 1 Charon.— Let him be, about tc afford laughter for us ere long, when he may sail over : no longer xxiv a^j & iixc>34Uiw, mucn less a bull. Do 1 me this; who is that other venerable man i Oreek, at least so it seems from his dress. you Jfot 14 HKiMW..-<)yrufl,« ChMon, the (son) of Cam- byses, who has made ike government, althongh for- merly held by the Medee, belong to the Peraians now. And he lately conquered the Assyrians, and has reduced Babylon ; and now he seems like a per- son wishing to invade Lydia, so that havii^ snbdued Orcesus," he may rule over all.»« Chabon.— But where in the world is that Orowus? HBBMES.-~Look thither toward the great citadel the one with the triple waU ; thatis Saxdis; and do you see Croapus hims^tf now, seated on a golden couch, conversing with Solon" the Athenian? Do you wish that we dwrnld hear them, and whatever theyaay? Ohakon.— Yes, by all means. OBa:sus.-.0 Athenian guest, for you have seen my nohes and my treaaures, and how much un^ BtMnped gold is ours, and other sumptuouflness, teU me, whom do you «iink to be tiie happiest of aU men I Chabon.— What «ien will jSoion say 1 Hebmes.— Be confident; nothing ignoble, Charon. SoLON.-OrcBsus, the happy are few ; but I think Oleobis and Biton~ to be the happiest of those I know, the sons of the priestess. Chabon:— He meam (the children) of her feom Argofi, those who lately died together, when, having gone under (the yoke), they drew their mother cm a > } & as zar as tiie temple. h 16 CiiawiMi.«.B6 it 80 ; let those hold the fizst pfaMe offeUcity. Who might the second be? Solon.— TeUus the Athenian, who both Uved well and died for his country."* OR(Eflus.-But do not I, you filtiiy wretch, seem to you to be happy ? Solon.— I don't know yet, Croesus, until you arnve at the end of your life; for death and the livmg happily to tJie end are an accurate test of such things."* CHARON.-Well said, Solon, because you have not forgotten us, but reckon the boat itself to be tiie criterion about such things. But who are those Croesus is sending off, or what do they carry on their shoulders 1 HBRMEs.-He offers golden ingots to the Pythian (Apollo p, as payment to the oracles, by which also he will be ruined after a littJe; but (he is) a man extravagantly fond of diviners. CHARON.-For is that shining stuff which gUttenL gold? ThepaUsh-yeUowwithatingeofred? For rCuf ^ ^* (*^^) I l^a^e seen it, always hearing HERMES.-That, Charon, is the celebrated name, and the object of contention. . . ^*^^^-.-^ly I do not see what g^od is at^ tabbed to it, unless perhaps this alone, that they mEBKBB.^'eoT dn (to be) ^VB-WeU then, doyou order me to dedi- «^te m,n mgots to the god. and to recall a.e ^h tjsuss. again? ^ — Sown.— H^ w^n not eveu m'^^*^^^^««^*»- I>oyousee the Scythian woman riding on her white horse? Charon.— Yes, hy Jove. HERMES.-That is Tomyris; and she, after havinir eat off the head of Cyrus, will cast it into a .essel fedlofbkK)d Bo you also see that youth, his son? That IS Cainbyses.~ He will reign after his father And havmg met with innumerable mischances both m Lybia and ^thio^ . BnaJly, becoming mad, he wiU die, after having r!;, % a pi/- *^ i. ^1 ,x L.- 19 o!; w 11 L' T" '*"*^« '»"»* after, little, twf *a be m>paled, wretched J-T^Tf T '?' neas in a moment of ti,^ ^T^ f" ^^^ «^ from dotho ^^^^ I "bo Wd theee CH*BON._Well aaid, dotho, nobly eat oiE n «oat exoelient, both them and t ^Bir h^T Jlf pale .them, so that they may know tW 1 ^.eanwhile let them be La^ToeX^T;:;!' LVl l^t^X"^^'^^ "^^ »f *h<«» naked ^~7rj^hfm^:;:-rre5r ««^mg, some making war o.^. H^^, ^^ *^^^ tilline the tn>^nr^A " ' ' 7""" e""^^^ «*w, some 20 Charon. — I see a sort of motley crowd, and a life full of confusion, and their cities very like beehives, in which every one has a sort of sting of his own, and stings his neighbour; and some few, like wasps, pillage and plunder the inferior. But who are this crowd flying around them unseen ] Hermes. — Hopes, Charon, and fears, follies, plea- sures, avarices, angers, hatreds, and such like. But ignorance of these is mixed up with them below, and there lives with them, yes, by Jove, hatred, anger, jealousy, ignorance, perplexity, and avarice. But fear and hopes, flying overhead, the one falling down strikes with terror, and sometimes makes them crouch. The other, hopes, being elevated above the head, when anyone may think to lay hold of them by all means, flying up, they go off", leaving them gaping, as also you see Tantalus*' suffering below through want of water. If you look intently, you will also see the Fates" above spinning to each a spindle, from which (circumstance) it has happened all have been suspended from thin threads. Do you see a kind of cobweb, as it were, descending upon each from the spindles ? Charon. — ^I see a very thin thread which has been interwoven upon each one, for the most part this upon that one, and that upon another one. Hermes. — Naturally so,ferryman; for it is allotted to that one to be murdered by this one ; and this I «* ^- a,ZiOthuir ; and (it is ailotted) that this one be one 1 « I i 21 the heir of that one, whose thread may be shorter • and that one, on the other hand, (the heir of) this' one; for some such thing does the interweavement signify. Then do you see all suspended from a thin (thread)? And this one, having been drawn up aloft IS in mid-air, and falling down after a little, the thread being broken off when it can no longer hold up against the weight, will make a great noise. That one, being elevated a little from the earth if he fall also, will lie without noise, his fall havL been scarcely overheard even by his neighbours. Charon. -These things are very ridiculous, Hermes. Hermes— And indeed you could not even say how deservedly ridiculous they are, Charon ; and e2)eeially their very earnest pursuits, andthegoini? off in the midst of their hopes, being carried off by very exceUent death. And his messengers and ser- vants are very many, as you see, agues, fevers, con- sumptions, inflammations of the lungs, swords, rob- • bers, hemlocks, judges, and tyrants; and none of these come into their minds at all, as long as they are prosperous; but when they may have met a mischance, there is much "Woe ! woe !" and «Ah' ahr and"Ome! O me !" But if they considered from the very beginning that they are mere mortols and after having sojourned in life this little time' thev will era nwow i«a+ ^« x- T . * o ^jj j-=3„ »3 xix/ui a aream, ieavinc everything on the earth, they would live morepni 92 dently, and ^wald be vexed less when they die. But now expecting to eiyoy forever the present (things) when the minister (erf death) standing by, calls and leads them away, fettering them with fever or con- sumption, they are indignant at being carried off, never having expected that they were about to be dragged away from them. For what would not that one do, who builds a house earnestly and urges on the workmen, if he should learn that it would have an end for him ; bot he, having just now put on the roof, would depart, leaving to his heir the enjoyment ot It himself, wretched one, not even having dined m It? For would that one, who rejoices because his wife has brought forth for him a male difld, and entertains his friends on account of it, and gives it the name of his father, if he knew that the child would die when seven years old, then seem to you to rejoice at ite birth? But the reason (is iL) Hhathe looks at that one who is fortunate in his child, (viz.), the father of the athlete who k vie torious at the Olympic games ;** but he does not look at his neighbour, who carries to burial his child, nor does he know from what a thread he wassuspended. ^or you see how many those are who differ about boundaries, and those who amass wealth, then who are called away, before they enjoy it, by the messen- gers and ministers, whom I have mentioned, comii^ iptpon them. ' -^ -Y Ow APAM- T ».^». _n j-r -X Bcw ail saeae liamgs, and I am cou* ^deriig ^h mysdf what {<^ be) pieaaaat tb them through life, or what is that of which bdng dd- pnved, they are indignant. Hermes—Now if some one of them could see W kmgs, who appear to be Very happy, besides the insecunty and as you may say the ambiguity of fortune, he will find the vexatious (things) attached to them more than the pleasant ones, (viz.), feaw. distitrbances, hatreds, plots, angers, and flatterie^ for >^ i (persons) keep company With these. I omit gnofs, diseases, and passions, which no doubt equally rute over them ; but When the (state) of these aw wretched, there is an opportunity of judging whit must be the (condition) of private persons. CttARON—NoW I wish to tell you, Hermes, what men appear to me to be like, and ail their life Have you ever beheld bubbles in water rising u^ toder some gushing spring ? I mean bubbles from which foam is coUected. Some o£ these then m Bomewhat small, and having burst immediately, ar« destroyed ; but others continue for a longer (time) ■- ■ others being joined to them, these, swelling exceed- uigly, are raised to a greater size ; then these indeed burst some time altbgether ; for it is not possible to be otherwise. The life of man is this. AU having been inflated by a breath, sdme greater^ some smaUer • teven some have an inflation of a short duration and ^_- _ — „ ^ vu«^x« ucusB as soon as tney are fonned »iit it is necessary for all to buftrt. Hermes.~.You compare not worse than Homer, Charon, who compares their race to leaves. Charon.— And being such, Hermes, you see what they do, and how they vie with each other in contendingforgovemments,honours,andpossessions which all having been left behind, it will be neces^ Bary for them to come to us, with a single obolus. ■Do you wish then, since we are on a high (place), that I, having bawled very loud, may exhort them , to abstain from foolish labours, to Uve always with death before their eyes, saying, « O foolish (men), why are you eager about these things? Cease toil- ing; for you will not Uve forever; none of these magnificent (things) here are perpetual, nor can any one carryaway any of them with him at his death • but It IS necessaiy that he depart naked ; and that his house, field, and gold, be always thdse of others, axid change masters." If I should caJl out to them these and such things from within hearing distance do you not think life would be greatly profited, and that they would become more sensible by far ? . Hermes.— My good Sir, you do not know how Ignorance and deception have afiected them, so that their ears cannot even be opened by an augur. They have stuffed them with so much wax, like as Ulysses^ did to his companions for fear of listening to the Sirens.** How then would those be able to hear, even if you should burst with bawUng ? For ISnorance dnnn +.1iq+. v./^>»<, — -lz-t- p i/- •■ ^„„ «viw, TViuuu ivrgeiiulness doea 25 1 with you. Notwithstanding there are a few of them, who have not admitted the wax into their ears, inclined towards truth, looking sharply into things,' and knowing what they are. Charon.— So then might we at least shout out to those ? HERMES.~This is superfluous to tell them wh?*^ they know; do you see how, withdrawing i^emselves from the multitude, they deride what is going on, and by no means are they anywhere pleased with them, but they are evidently meditating already a flight to you from life? And (the reason is this), because they are hated for reproving the ignoranc© of them. Charon.— Well said, noble (men) ; but they are very few, Hermes. Hermes.— Even these are sufficient; but let us descend now. Charon.— One (thing) yet I desire to know, Hermes, and having shown this to me, you will have made the description complete, (I desire) to see the repositories where they bury the dead. Hermes.— They call such things monuments, tombs, and sepulchres, Charon. But do you see those mounds, columns, and pyramids, outside of cities? AH those are receptacles of the dead and places for keeping corpses. Charon.— Whv then do thor- nTv>,.r,i +i,« 0+^-,^ and anoint them with unguent? But some also 46 Heai«ng np a fimeral-pile before the mounds, and digging a sort of tmich, both bum these sumptuous banquete, and pour into the trenches, wme and metheghn," at least as one may conjecture ? Heb«es._T don't know, fenyman, what (refer- ence) these tl-g, hare to those in Hades; those on earth) then believe that the souls, beiLg sent back from below feast, as well as they can, flying around the steam and smoke, and that they drink the metheghn from the trench Chabon.-^Do they beUfeve that) those who«, skulls a« very drjrstm drink or eat? And yet I am ndxcalo™" speaking of these things to you, who are «iaJy l«^g them down. You know then, if, bein« once nnderground, they may stUl be able to com! «p. Tr^y indeed, I should be in a ridiculous (con^ ^tion) Hermes, b^vmg not a little business, if I Z'r.f '^ ""* "^^ *° '^ *^'"" «'<"". b"* '^ to fc^vf'".",!.'*^^*"*'^- 0™i" mortals, what tolly I not knowmg by what great boundaries the gjhed; and (not knowing) of what chaa^ter the (affaus) with us are J and that " The tombless man, ^ well as the man who obtained a tomb, died; ani tiiat Irus» and prince Agamemnon- are in the same honour. The son of the beautifal-httired Thetis" is equal with Thersites." The fleeting heads of the iTlr:^.'^'".'^^'"^-' --i *7 tliroughout J -1 J 27 ■ Hebmes—O Helxmles ! how much Homer vou pump up ! But since you reminded me, I wish to show you the sepulchre of Achilles ; do you see the one near the sea? That is the Trojan Sigeum ." opposite Ajax is buried in the Rhcetium." CHARON.~.The tombs are not large, Hermes. Show me now the celebrated cities, which we ^ear of below; Nineveh,«the (city) of Sardaiiapalus,- Babylon," Mycenae," Cleon»,»» and Ilium itself. I mdeed remember having ferried over many from thence, so that for ten whole years,* I neither drew up, nor dried my little boat. HERMEs—Nineveh, ferryman, haa now perished, and not a vestige of it still remains ; nor could you say where it ever wa«. That is Babylon fbr you, the ivell-towered, (with) a gi^t waU, herself about to be ^ught for afWr no long time, just like Nineveh. But I am aahamed to show you Mycen* and Cleon*. ^d above all Ilium. For I know well that you will dioke Homer when you go down on account of the bombast of his verses; although formerly they were prosperous, but now even these are dead. For cities, ferryman, die 'ie men ; and what is more strange entire rivers also. Therefore not even the channel of the Inachus« is left behind now in Ai-gos. Charon.— Strange ! what praises and what name% Homer, the sacred and wide-streeted lUum, and the well-built niivknok ■»«* :^ xi. „• i . « „., _^^^ j^ 1^^ iaiasc 01 orir conver- tetion, who are those fighting, or on iwcount of wl^ftt . are they slaying one another? 28 Hermes.-.You see the Argives, Charon, and the Lacedaemonians and that half-dead general Othiy- ades," who is inscribing the trophy with his own blood. Charon.— On account of what is the war amonir them, Hermes ? ® Hermes.— On account of the veiy plain in which . they are fighting. CHARON.-What folly in them4 who do not know that even if each of them should possess the whole of the Peloi^onnessus, they would scarcely get a piece a foot long from ^acus f but various persons at vanous times will till this plain, having often dragged up the trophy from its seat with the plough Hermes— Thus will these things be. But having now descended, and having placed the mountains agam m their respective places, let us depart, I to where I was sent, and you to your boat; but I Z'dead "^^ ^^'"^ '"'"'^ ^ ^'''' ^^*^'' ^ ^'**^®' escorting Charon.-You have done well, Hermes; you shall always be set down aa a benefactor. And I have profited somewhat through you from my being abroad. Such are the troubles of wretched man i fcmgs, golden ingots, hecatombs, battles; but of Charon there is no account. OP THE DREAM; OR, LIFE OF LUCIAN. J "!•* had just ceased going to the schools, being now near manhood in respect of years; and my. father was considering with his friends, what else he should have me taught. Literature then seemed to most of them to need both much labour, a long time, not a little expense, and a splendid fortune; and (it Beemed to them) our circumstances were narrow, and required some speedy aid. But if I should learn thoroughly some trade from these mechanics, in the first place, I would immediately have what was suffi- cient from the trade, and be no longer fed at home, being so old; and ere long I would delight my father' bringing from time to time my earnings. Then the occasion of the second consideration was proposed, which of the trades was the best and easiest to learn thoroughly, and becoming to a free-born man, afford- ing a ready supply of tools, and a sufficient income. Then while some praised one (trade), some another, according as they were influenced by judgment or experience, my father, turning his eyes to my uncle [for my uncle on my mother's side was prqseilt, who was thought to be the best statuary and an approved stone-cutter amone those who w^rp mngf o^i oaiA ' It is not right that another trade should prevail, 30 you being pr^nt; but having received thia one' grieved at the affair, by Jove Z T ' ""1 "^^'^ to Doaiifl«« «« 1 ^ ' '^'^^ ^ seemed to me to possess no unpleasant kind of divei-aion ar.A means of shnw,r,«^a'x o^vei-sion, and & beZn I^r^^ ^ "^ oompamons, if I should J ^° f ""« 8»*i, and constructing kind of HtX m<%^aut, took a ^rt of i" mT' '^ '"'' ''"« — J «.vivi4W4 iuixuiv nor !. /. i 31 *«oou«gi«gly «, tut My t.*r. (we«) th« p„l„d. of my trade. Then, having ran away from ttere. I came home oontinuaUy sobbing, and with my e;e8 pretty full of tean,; and I related about the laL and showed the marks of the stripes, and I accused him of much cruelty, adding that he did these things from envy, lest I should excel him in the trade. My mother being indignant, and reviling much at her brother when night came on I laid down, stiU in tea^, and was ruminating the whole night. So &r what haa been said about these thing, i, tt^ ft ««1 cJ^dish ; but you. O men. wiU fear ttings after these no longer contemptible, but that want even very attentive listeners : for that I may speak according to Homer." ' A dream fro:, the goi aune to me in sleep, during the ambi»sial night'" so dear, tl«»t it feU nothing short of reality; even now. ^terso long a time, theformsof those whoappeare^i to me remain before my eyes, and the voices of those whom I heard are ringing in my ears; so distinct was everythmg. Two females taking hold of me: by my hands, each 4»gged me towards herself very ^len% and forcibly; theyaU butto.«measundZ eontending with each other; and (the straggle wai •Ten), for at one time the one prevailed, amihad me «lmost entardy; at another time again I was held by the other. They shoutod out to each other, the on^ fliat she wished to possess me. being hers : the oth«: tort m TOin she claimed what belonged to anottw' 3a ■ juet as my uncle was when L """'"^-'^^Pi^go, the other was very wL I '"""P'' *'"' '""^^'i "d her garb e W T. ; ''*' ''^"'^ ''«<'<»»*»& First that rough and LI ^. ""«''* "''^ *° b*- «>«- boy, an. ^^ Z\^Z^Z''\'T = ' '' ""^ y°" began to lea™, (beStotrTV * ^"*^"^y ""d your kinswoman fZ '"""° '''^ y°». «oningthenameX;ierW Tf '''^^ f"""' polisher, and both Zr„n„Te/ ""^ 7"^ "'""'^ "pute through us Bulif "" -T" "^ ^""^ e°<^ the nonsense and idiet^^T,:^ ^ «'''*-'" f""" ^e other, ■ foUowireU wUh ""'' ^ *"« *" »hall be fed nobly and sd\. '' ^^'' yo" you will be fi^ W aSvt*'' ^*™"* '''""'''o"' depart for a forei!^ (LTJ^ ^? ""' "«^« -tivecount^andSS^^r^f^f ^ ^"^ for mere words Do „ * i./ ^ P^^^® you w. --^tirof m^ethrr^-^-- celebrated Phydias " wJ,„ 7 '''°*''eS' ^r eren the -ng,port..yed Zeus J^S pl^r 'T ^""^ " '^S- •nd Myron" was nl^^ ^"'yt'""" formed Juno," •nired. TheseTi :. '"'' ^"^^teles" was ad- you not youz^lf become IlX!^' ""^ ''""''' And you will make yoL &«. ""^ "^ ">«"» your fether enTiable, and also 1. nasty hair, 1 her dresB scrapings, le stones ; >ecoming, erniit me 'h to be. : 'I, my esterday 'ith you, 3r [men- Q' stone- ry good in from ting to St, you iilders; never [ your seyou of my 3n the )egin- ino,<» 3 ad- ?ods. ould aen? also 33 render your country illustrious.' The Art )o{ St«, uaxy) said these things, and still morethai thSe stammering and pronouncing corruptly in eVrlll ^ct^u.g^g(herwords)together'wiLver7Z^^^ ^culty, and endeavouring to persuade mef but I s'^Xthus TZ alrmH^ 7 r ' ' ^ ^^' ^ Literature, (being) . already famihar and known to you, although you Will ^in from bemg a stone-polisher ; for you wil^ ta« W» ' °"' ""'. " «''''* '""^' " Ws crouch- one able to command; living the life of a hare md bemgap^ytothe more powerful. ButeW;^^ AouM become a PMdia« or a Polyclitus. and sho^d makemanywonderf„l(things),aU indeed waip^Z the art, but there is not one of the beholde^ if he hare any sense, would wish to be like you; for Whatever vnn rt^a^ k^ .,, , -^ ^ *"^ ^^k • " "-^ "^' •''"" ^"^ '^ considered as a mecha^c, .n artizan, and one living by nJlJ Z4' .T'i labour. But if you obey me, first indeed t will dis- play to you many works of ancient men, and their adairaWe actions; relating to you their discourses aiid making you, so to speak, experienced with them all. I will also adorn your mind with many good ornaments, which i^ the principal thing to you, wiib sobriety, justice, piety, mildness, equity, prudence, fortitude, a love for the beautiful, and an ardour foi- the grandest (things) ; for these (things) are in reality ^e pure ornament of the mind. Neither shall any- tiling old escape you, nor that which is necessaiy to bedonenow;.moreoTer, THth me you will foresee ^ wha^ IS necessai7 ;» and in short I will ere long teacT you all (things), both divine and human. And you (who are) now poor, the (son) of whatKi'ye^aU-him; Having been meditating somewhat about so ignoble an «rt, after a Uttle will be enviable, and an object of jealousy to all, being honoured, praised, in good reputefor tiie best (qualities), lookedup to by those Bui,eno^ m birth and riches, cla^ in a ga^nent like this [pointing to her own, for she wore a veiy splen- ' did one] aiid deemed worthy of power and prece- dency. Andif you shouldgoabroa^^anywhere, you win neither be unknown nor obscure in a foreign (country); I shall put on you such marks, that each ' of the beholders, having nudged his neighbour, will point you out with his finger, saying, This i3 ie, Alid rf there should be anything woHhy of earnest attention, and it should en^ge your friends, or even yi ^ ♦. »1 36 tW whole oUjr, ,11 wai look up to you; and if yoi tude wJl hrten to you gaping, wondering, and p^ n kaew. better havmg ran away from it, deserted to ae: hare ™^ these, so. great and such men, their splendid Sotion. digmfied options, becoming appeaLce, hbnZ' «lory, pra>se, precedency, power, commaml the bei^; : m^^ repute on account of your eloqu;mce.^l Z^ZZ^T^ l-PPy fory^urnnderstaJding,-- you wiU both put on a dirty shH assume a servife • r^T"'-^"^"'"^ both your handsl^'. Wers,^carvmg tools, chisels, and mallets; stoopij;- down to your work, grovelling,. humbl.,4.diltt- every resDectt nAtr^« i,vj^>— .. .V " *o^Tn. *^^" * _.i" '^ ~" ' ' """^^"'S '^P joui: Head, nor cons-^ tnvuMfa„ythingmanlyorHb•»l,butdevi*4gbeC^. 36 elegant but bemg by no means solicitous how you youxself wxll be well-proportioned and elegant, but making yourself more ignoble than stones.' While Bhe was speaking these things, I, not awaiting the end of her speech, having stood up, declared myself, and having left that deformed and workmanlik^ (female), I passed over to Literature, rejoicing very much; and especially when the lash cate into m^ ^d and because she laid upon me not a few stripi uom^tely a my begi„„i^ yesterday. But Z ^0 had been left was at fi„t indignant, and clapped her hands together, and gnashed her teeth; at iLt, •f ^« ^ "''»•'* Niobe," she stiffened and wai c^ into stone. But if she suffered incredible (^), do not disbelieve me; for dreams axe wonder-woriangs. But the other, looking towards me said ' Therefore will I ,^„ite you for this your justice, because you have decided well; and come now, mount this chariot [pointing toa sort of chariot, (drawn) by kmd of winged horses like Pegasus" aiat you may see what and how much you would have been %norantof, if you had not followed me.' And when I ascended, she drove and held the reins: and bemg lifted up on high, I contemplated, com- mencmg from the East as far as the West, cities, nations, and tribes, casting something like seed into the earth, just like Triptolemus." I no longer r^ oaember what *ho* -nro- t j « ... -^^ —^^ „ ^ i Buwcu y- except thia only A I L. k.. 37 and thei to whom I came in flight escorted me with acclamation. Having shown L so many tL^ me ^^7? "^""^ •"*> "^ "•"^ ^^0 ''ere praisiS me she led me back again, being no longer cU^ that same dress which I had when flying ofi"- but^ .seemed to myself to ..tun. as one 6^Zl. ^Zl tto havu^ f d ,y f,,,^^_ ^^^ ^^ sLdingi^d awaitmg „s, she showed him that garment and me m what condition I returned; she «ndedl^ene>nies; but the narmtive ^ ^loethmg^M. And therefore I also hare «la<^ ^ drea^ to you for the sake of this, in o„ierthat the young „^y t^ themselves to what is better «.dn«.ytekehold of Ute«.ture; and espeoially^^ -rone of them is cowardly on ao«>unto?poverty ^d turns as.de to what is inferior, destro^g r^ ^oble natural genius. I know well that ^^^a J ^tekocourage,^vingheardn.ysto.y, ^ttingral befoo hun as a suffident example, considering what I was waen 1 set out to the noblest thing! and de^rred hterature, not even being intimidated^by^; then poverty, hot whatever I have ret«„.ed to yo-x rf notbmg oim. at least (I am) inferior to nori rf TIMON; OB, THE MtSANTHROPB. vw. ISt^' ~"P'«^°-"'^P' «"<> tie fireside; Zj loud-mtthng; and if the thunder-struck poets caU you anything eke, and especially when t^ 1^ alc«s in respect to the nietres. for then you hl^ ^7 epUhe^ sustain for them the fllZgotZ mo^^^d you m „p the gaping of the i^. ^«now,syo„rloud.c™shing]ightnl,fc*udVerp: 3l ?r r^lf y°- blaring, gU^; and dreadful thunderbolt! Fo, ,u these thiZnow appeaj: nonsense, and absolutely poetical 3e T »^>tog and ready weapon, I know not how Z Shttle spark of anger against those doing ^ Soon«^ nxdeed n^ht one of those attempt4 ^Z Z,^r" V"^ *^' ^okof yesteriy. Ln tt^e flame of youraU^ubduing thunderbolt. You se^ to hold oyer them a sort of firebrand in au^^ ««tnner that they do.npt fear the fi^' t^e loke 60- ^t;_but they think .to get this ZrZTt. F|;^,«mttheywiUbef„Uo£soot. sitharnow for thas reason even Salmoneus* dared to rf^ y^ iO m thundering, indeed being not at all an nnlikely (man to do so), against Zeus so cold in his anger, (bemg) a hot-headed and boastful man. For how (should he be an unlikely match for you), when you Bleep aa from the effects of mandrake ? You who neither hear of those perjuring themselves, nor look at those doing -rong; but you are blear-eyed and . dim-sighted to wnat is going on; and you have had your ears deafened like those growing old. Since while you wei-e still young, and choleric, and vigor- ous m your ^ger, you did many (things) against the unjust and vi6lent, and then you never kept a truce with them; but your thunderbolt was continuaUy quite busy, your ^gi8«« waa shaken at them, your thunder rattled, and your Kghtning was continually dartmg before them, aa if in the way of skirmishing with darts. And the earthquakes wei^e like sieves and the snow was in heaps, and the hail was like rocks. And in order that I may converse with you vulgarly, the rains were furious and violent, each drop a river. Wherefore so great a wreck happened m an instant in ihe time of Peucalion,«» that, when aU thmgs were sunk under water, scarcely one little sort of chest was preserved, having run agroiind at Lycorea,« retaining some spark of the human seed for the propagation of greater wickedness. There- fore you get the recompense from them suitable to youi' laziness, since neither any one of them still sacni^ces to you, nor crowns you. unless pe-i^ops ^ *S». i U --i f». 41 , . «.me one (does it) « an appendage of the Olympio «p.mes;» and this one (does it) thinking it to iTU at all necessary, but oonforuing to some ancient custom And by little and little, O noblest of the gods, do they render you a Saturn," pushing you aside from honour. I omit to mention how many tunes they hare already robbed your temple: b,rt some have even laid their hands upon you yourself at the Olympic gam-s. And you, thundering on high, hesitated eithei to rouse the dogs, or to caU on your ne^ihbours, so that they, rumiing to your help, m.ght arrest them while yet packing up for flight But you the noble, the Giant-kUIer, and the Con- queror of the Titai^," sat down, having your hair clipped ofi- by them, (although) holding in your W a thunderbolt ten cubits long. Then, O won. derfal (^d), when wiU these things cease being thus neghgently overlooked? Or when will you pLsh 80 much miquity ! How maiy PhaSthons" or Deuoa- lions (will be) sufficient against such excessive lusolence of jnankin-^ » For in order that, leaving ordinary affairs, I may speak of mine, having raised 80 many Athenians on high, and having made (many) nch from the poorest, and having aided aU that were Ui need or ratter having poured my wealth in heaps for the benefit of my friends, when I became poor on account of these things, I am no longer recognized by them; nor do they, who hitherto crouched Hnwr. . «od paid homage to me and hung upon my nod, even" r '•"mmtvmmr^.,, ,. I. 42 lOM^y spot, being clad in a leathem gannent I a -> ^h. r ^^ "^^ "°^ '""'' "y ""^ttoct- Then I ^11"^" *" «^? ^"^ ("^vantege), to S N^4en O^ ""^eed (would be) mo» vexation,, ^ow then, O son of Satnm and Ehea, having thrown taahng a great blaze. n.ay you display somf^r «f a nianly and youthful Zeiis, unlesf thT^fjT^^A lnvenWbvther™fe^i »; 7™™ the (thmgs) i*« tite" ^"* you and your biriia J^g|^aem&,bawl^ " ' amount; ilyinettus »^ at its basfi « tt^ « i, * ^htirelv /Tf;^^ j , ".^^'^ "^® » -tie who is t^^ ^ squaUd and clothed in ^Hn? - - -^«« auu «u« so impiousljr against us. .A 1 L ■i. W^""'-'^''* <'° y"" ^yMhcT. Don't yoo W fl saonfioes, who suddenly became rich, who ^^d) whole hecatombs; with whom we' We« aoCTst^ed to celelMSte splendidly the Joviah » «.e wealthy, arovrnd whom w^ so many friendT; Wha h^ then happened him, that he is'in .::^\* TTJrt' ^'^'^' " ^^'' ""O " hireling. anf «Z *° "^' ^^ ^*"^' l«ne™lence, wd compasaon on aU those who Were in want «duoed him. But as (it were to speak) S a^^^ ^«foUy, simpuiity, ^^"^JZ^ taonwxthrespeottofrtends; who did not und^^ wretched (man) having his W devoured by^ ' . »«iy vultures, thought that they were his mLZ «id companions through good-will to him ^t ^^^yrf^^^Hinrnfcoa. But so^: ill ^m^e^ly stripped the bones, and gnawed ^^ •ndrf there was any marwwin them, Lvin* sucked out thas ve^ c««ftmy, flew off, l^g blT J^ havrngfasroote cut off, no Joiiger i^^o^gn^ ^fang at Mm [for why Should theyjj^r idLg wr^v^ him m turn. On ac«.u« of the«, tonft to, a digger, and ela/1 in « w+k^*^ *„„_i ®^ l»v^ left the dty th««gt ,^^ m^^ 44 because those becommg rich by him, pass by yl^ hia miafortunes, since indL ."£ ^JT!:' -me as those accused flatter.™ ttX,^ ^l want of t^,!!^ '■^^ '" "^ °"'"^»- But, through want of tunri, and the great tumult of thoje perir mg themselves, committing violence T^T ^^ 1 especiallr the fr», „<■ *i, *^ "<"«"<». robbing, and rfiT. *r °^ *"^ committing sacrile»■*»«» Send me, Zeu« WHO wjJl take caw of me, by whom I ^mav b.» honoured a,.d very desirable. ^Let Tese iTw company with poverty, which they prefer to7.»"r let the wretches who throw away «SS of 1 ' T^ Lr^ir ^f ' '"r''*«''t«'' -th four oboU. well, that It behoves him to choose you to novertv u-les, he « altogether i^ensibl, to pL, in ^ S' But you, who now accuse Timon, s^m to Z tX very discontented, because having thrown Za W» « in; «"«• barley, nor gives itovTto tt h ""T"^' And besides you L„h^ I /., the I, ngrr horse. and watched Ct"^!'' *°" "" 'P'^ ?<>». wl.0 a. jeaioLTtheS: Zl T^'^ ignorant that a cursed serCIt ^r ho 7 "'"' """ a slave that has the ZTtZlTl:!"^' ^^ secretly, will i„d^ ^^ f^^°. »t«almg „ havingleftthewretehedTnd t . '^'" '■"'^''• over Ks- nsurvlrT™ ^ """d master to brood HttlelampS J/^^;-"-- »<> '"-J'-outhed that you^shouwCLtly^dr «''"'""•'■"' things,." and now Zw tt ^"^ *'"^ Timon's teeth ? ^ ^'"^ "PP'^te in JZl'^'r^ moreover if you should e«,min„ onaoiy ?or this excessive prod^gaJity 48 me, (to be) negVnce, and not benevolence: and ««ajn those who guarded „,e shut up in gate^ Td "X darkness teking care how I shoul/becoCTrJ corpulent, fat. and excessirely swollen J CT ^UhertoucMng„ethen.elves,norleadingltrh into the hght, that I might not even be sefn by Z (person), I thought to be foolud. and insolent, l^Z me rot m so many chains, though I did nothinf ^ng; not knowmg that they would depart after a Uttle leaving „« behind for some other of the for- tunate on^. Therefore I neither praise the former northelatter(whoare)veryreadywithme,butthose who wiU set a limit to the matter, which is best, and who wJl neither abstain from me totaUy, nor fline me away entirely. For consider, Zeus, by Jove, tf *«*" : — --«^ ^v wAoonuiig and beau- i 49 tift.1 'i--8i», nor permit another to look at her but l^^dautherup,»houldmakeherliveinvi^Z childless and baiTAn o«^ *i. j. ^ ^^^rgmizy^ , ^t".' "«1 »* »>»">« evident (he did so) from hi« ^ po^.bIe that Huch a man should not «em to^ r"' "^^^ ''^ o-gtt to beget children and enjj ^e marmge, causing so comely and lovely a Z to fade nounshing her through her whole Itfe^e at these ttmgs, being by some ticked, devo^ raZ^tnf:^^'^'--''—- - Fof r« '"^{v*'""* ''°" i"*gn»ntagainsttheml SeSr t*"f"^8''«"«P-^«»ont; some, Wee Tantalus^" without drinking, and without tast- 2- -"d parched in respect to their mouths, gaping ^ for goW ; othe™, like Phineus,." havi;!!^^ aarpies. But depart now, about to lidlt upon T>mon, more semrible by fer (than before) ^asto as from a well-bored b«,ket, bl« I have whelm hmi ? So that I seem to myself to be ab<^t to carrr water into the tub of the Danaides,- ,„d in .. , ^ \ ~^ "* °*"''~ '^^*'* ^'®««ei does not hold It; b«t that which flows in being almost about to *« 4 50 Pou«d^^beforeithasstrea.nedintoH; so very wide IS the gaping of the tub for the pouriiur ont =aud so tmimpeded the eat ^^ ^ Zi?trs.-Wore unless he shaU stop „„ this «apu^ and constant apertu™, you iJi^g ^ nr* """^ ^ » *«rt time, he 4 easily/nd^ HEU,ES.-Let us go on, Hutm. What is this 1 Are^uhunef Youesoaped my notice, lyntwJ Suvmbemg not only blind but also lame PLUTDS.-This is not always so, Hermes • but Jh^ I go away, having been sent to somTI; W Zeus, I am, I know not how, slow and Ume in bott J J legs), so that I ca. with difficulty ^ ^,"2 i^ my journey); ho that is awaiting me sometiiZ bavrnggrownprematurelyold. Butwhenit,^^ necessary to depart, you will see me winlT fa^ ^<«r^. Thenassoon«.thesrtg:pl' &lls, I already am pr^chumed victorious, ^Zl Wded over the stadium, the spectator noT^ ^i^eing me sometimes. tr^Tfr^ZTu'^r ""^ (^"^"^ ««) not wue. But I could tell of many to von wi.^ x ^y had not even an obolus. 1 1 ^tT ^ ^^" V K V oifiaiiier. V 61 tiHl»y Buddenly wealthy md sumptuous, ridme out npouawMte yoke, who have neverhad^^Sr A^d yet they, ch«i i„ p„^,e ^^ with gold riC r. about, not even themselves believing! I S' that they are not rich in a dream ' :^"^.t:THohesr:i::;"t anCCn ' met;"''^t *"" ""^o *° «»^ , TT?^ ' " ™® "^*^ a packet, and seaJeif "^m'rs'tri'^^r"''^''''-^''^^ Hany perjuries, r^bberie^'aS ^^ta«^.-To„ probably say almost the very «un(pthatha|,pen. When, therefore, you walk on WmdJ, Or how do you distinguish to whom feus ^^iy^Cr,"'-^"^--^ J.UTU8.-Por do you think I fiml out who they, ag I'ift Aratides,"' you would not have «oneto. tAe Athenians worthy of not eveT:^ XTusT -^ v- 5S -V' V-- tot^tlistajiding iaving been sent down you do? what do onW I feU i:. with «„e one unaware.. And he whoever happens to fall in wia „e finrtT^^l' ted me away, keeps me, paying obeisance to yon H^es, on account of his unexpected gain « - ^^ that you enrich aa many aa he may think «o difficult to be found, and which had q«t thf world a long tune ago; which not even Lynceua- «o«ld find out eaaUy, it being »o obscure and «n«Il. Th^rfore masmueh as tie good a« few, and the wicked m great numbers possess everything in the «t.es, when wandering I meet with such pe™o« «wier, and am taken in a net by tixem Herh,s How then do you escape easily, when you leave them behind, not knowinfthe „^. Ji.UTOT._Somdiow I then become shahvsighted «nd sound in my feet for the time of %ht oijy HBaMra— Further now, answ er me this too, how. bemg blmd, and moreover pale, and heavy in your egs, for I must say it, could you have so many lovers. 80 tha* •11 1^ -' • » . ^ ^ E^ s.\njA. u, p. &u jTouf ,SMfi jiaying got you, they think Ihey axe hap,y ; but if theylSl in 54 getting you, they cannot bw to Kve» For I know «.me notafe,,V them who are «> sick in Ic^e^^ you, that they took and threw themselves inLlhe deep sea, and down from steep rocks, thinkinjr they w^eoverlookedbyyon, because- vju did Z^ regaM them at «U. And notwithstanding I know weU au,t you would confess, if you know yourself otlf J.oTe.^*'"''" '''° "- "-» ^*--^ » by them such «, I am, (viz.), lame or blind or with «s many othe^ (defecte) as belong to mej HE>«,Es._But how, Plutus, unless even the ■ themsdres are aU blindj _ I>LCTBS._(They are) not blind, most excellent; erer^hmg orershadow them; but moreover even 1 myself, a.at I might not be altogether deform^" h*«ngp„t on a most lovely mask, adorned witl^ goM and set with stones, and being chul in varie- jpted (ga™ent«), I meet with them. But some tlunkmg that they see my beauty fi^ to face, love me and rf they do not obtain me, are ruined. So that rf anyone, having stripped me whoUy bare delayed me to them, it is clear they woufd con: demn themselves, for being so dim^ighted, and for lovmg odious and deformed things in ^^""^-Yby tben is it that they, being already in tae vnnr BfafA#x4^«.^^ 1x1. -r^ . . ^ V V- .1 >~ «5 tte msk iteelf, are rtUl deceived} And if anyone Aould attempt to deprive them of it, (why is it that) ftey would Eooner lose their head than their ma«k For sureIyrt«,not likely that they are then ignorant thatyour beauty is smeared on, after having seen everything from within. PLDT«s._Not a few (things) also assist me for this (end). Hekmes.— Of what sort? Pi.urc-8.-When any one, meeting me at first, having thrown open his door, admits me, there sli™ • inalone with me unnoticed, vanity, folly, boastful- ness, effeminacy, insolence, deception, and some ten thousand other things. Having his mind seized by aU these, he both admires what is not wonderful and covets what ought to be shunned; but he looks up to me with astonishment, the father of all those evJs which have come upon him, I being kept in guard by them, and would sooner suffer evervthinc than endure to give me up. HEWiE8._But how smooth you are, Plutus, and slippery, and hard to be held, and able to escape, afibrdmg no firm handle, but you run away, I know not how, through their fingers, just as eels or smAes; but on the contrary, Penia>» is both sticky and easy to be laid hold of, and having innumer! able hooks growing out of her whole body, so that ^i-i-.-.v« «io- ixaiueuiai^iy seizedj and are not able to be released easily. But no smaU matter has escaped us, wliile we ure now talking nonsense. > 66 Pi,UT„s._Wi,at sort (of matter) J Plot™ b! I? ''"* " 'P*<=^ »««<»• rtcTos.— Be confident on this noint m • left him behind in the earth. TJ^^ "^ living riven him i„ .^^ ^""^ "P 'o yo». Bho.Ud hear „; bawlTn^"^ *? "° ""••' "°^ ''^ An?ho"l7ttt" '^ r '-"**' °" ^*«- -- an^; rt ti;^,;i e'oat.-foW me, until I perhaps I will faUta^ Wv T ^»^^ """"'' Bat what noise is ^1 rt W ^7 " '''*°"-"' stone. " w^, as (thenoise) of iron against P-s^nt (the^/aS thaf Zr Zt """^ " " Fortitude. Wisdom in- T ^**"°'^) labour; and of aJI who I^^S""^ ""^ -^ «^'" <=«>-4 *^ yo- body^S'"* ""'" '""'«^'-' ^-^ •«'<«' ti<».injwith a iH-tt "^''^r°^"'- great a host. " -surrounded witi sp n» w'k '"■~^' ^ ***"«<^ otherwise to Zeus • 1.f us not be cowardly then ' ^ s Jr"l;!;^t^' »™ y- *»tog this one. O y - ~. ^gte,-" leaumg him by the hand! ►— -H ►♦^ tteBotereCpe^J^^^jV*''"*""* l-^ over to Then do I Pel !!^ T^ '^'^ """^y '>^ »««4f } wronged, that you deprive me nf ♦!,. . possession which I had Ui,^ "'^^ ^ completely fbrmS' fo^v T '^""" '''° *'«■ Hutus, hivin^LZ I: !^"'7'^«' "> o«l« that »P to inso,:^^ Zltf^ Oeliyeringhin. to his former self .«• • ^' "« '"" «'niJ««' l>«oome a mere r^ ' ^' ^*""S "^"^J PeS"""^-^"^ '^«» —d good to Zeus, ^w5^:fd^t^irie^°--^u^. quickly know what Hn,I„f "ut he will ^ oody/st^nSati: TvLTir^^"' ^^su,i:r«a:i:mtri,---^i^ ^, as they (^aUy) ai^. ^ "^"^ ^^^^^ to HBRMEs.-.Thev eo awa^ . i.* , . ^ T«o.,.-Who are you, ye cursed wretches? Q, 58 wishing what, do you come hither to disturb a labouring man and a hireling? But you will not depart with gladness, since you are all rascals ; for I wall break you in pieces veiy quickly, pelting you with sods of earth and stones. HEBMES.~By no means pelt us; for it is not men you will pelt. For I am Hermes, and this, Plutus. Zeus sent us, having heard your prayers; so that receive the riches with a good fortune, having quit your labours. , *^ ^ TiMON.-And you will bewail soon, although you are gods, as Jrou say; for I hate everjr one, gods and men alike. And mefchinks that I will p/™«' «>-. "»' by no mean. irj^tr*'"*^""-^^'^-"^''-'™^- Hermes. — Why so? oaiT;;::^"'"'* *™" formerly thia one was the cause to me of mnumemble miseries, handing me ^or to flatterer, bringing upon me imridiour(per. ^ns). excrtmg hatred against me, com.pting me mth voluptuousness, and ««dering me envifble; «t ength, leaving me behind suddenly so faith- lessly and treacherously. But most excellent Penia, l^'nng exercised me in the manKest bbours, and a«ocu.tmg with me in connection with truth and ^We), and instructed me to despise those many ^. 'n^mg the hopes of my life depend o' myself, and showing what w«Jth was «»lty mine ^ch neither the fawning flatterer, nor the Wghl' emng informer, not the incensed populace not nously, seeing none of the evils in tJie city,"« I have Buffident and lasting anrtenance fo.m my mattock. So th.t. go away, runn.ng back agaii Hermes, leading awny Plutu, to Zeua. Thia\«, .nffi<»ent to me, that he ha« made ali men univer- ■ally be vail. „„f^!"J"^r^^ "" °"*™'' "y *^ Sir; for »U are ^i u w/"!*"""' *"" <^^ theee choleric and cluldiah (feehngs), and receive Plutua. Gift. from Zeus are indeed not to be rejected. Plutus.-Do you wish, Timon, (that) I should plead my canse against you? Or are you displeased •t my speaking? j'«»w>» «mbles, Ijke the rascally orators ; for I wUl endu« you speafang a little, for the sake of this Heme. Pl.UTUS._It was perhaps indeed necessary fo, many thmgs by you ; but nevertheless see whether I have mjured you any, as you say; I, who Z theauthor to you of everything pleasant, honour, precedency, crowns, and other luxuries; and you were conspicuous, celebmted, and much sought rfter, through me. But if you have suffered ly. thmg hard from flatterers, I am blameless to you but rather I myself have been uyurei in thi^ respect by you, because you subjected me so dis- gr«cefully to cursed men, who p»ise and impose on (you), and lie m xtraii. f^^, ,- ^ . _ « „ ' "^'^ "-~ "i ijvury way. And finaUy, you said that I have betmyed you; but " ~1 r- « the ™„t™^, I „j«,f „<,„,j ^„,, been dnven away ix. every respect by you Zi *7 out headlong f™„. yo„ C«. 'i^^ ^ PW of a «,ft cloak, very honoumble Penia }J, ^t on yon this leather gannent. So that th" I miX t? " "•'*'""' *"*' ' ''"*'^'-^" -- «■«* in K . ^^ ™'"' *° y™' ^'0 ^ "laved m such a hostile manner to me HERME8.-B„t do you, Pl„t™, n„ , ^ ^^.^ fand of a per«>n he has already become 1 So that oonfidently ^y with him. And do you dig as you were;." and do you bring Thesaurus underZ mattock ; for he wUl listen to your bawling out ImoN^-I must comply, Hermes, and be rich agam For what can a feUow do when the gods compel him J But see into what trouble you^^ now very happily, suddenly will receive so much ^Id having done no w,.ng, and I will take ^Zn myself so much care. ^ HEMiEs—Endure it for me, Timon; oven if thi. S^rt:heZ'*-'^^^''"'^-^«^"Pover Plutcs. He has gone off, as it seems ; for I conjecture from the violent motion of his w/„» ■» do you await here; for, going away, I will sendee- saurus back to you. Or r.tVi. ri^fe, • t ^-., O Thesaurus of gold, listen to Vhri^oT'.---"' and AQCHrd yourself, {so that) he cam take you up. 63 Dig, TSmon, striking (your mattock) deep (into the ground) ;»» I wiU stop for you.»« TiMON. — Come then, my mattock, now strengthen yourself for me, and do not get tired calling fortJi Thesaurus from the depth to open light. O Zeus, author of prodigies, and ye friendly Corybantes,*** and Hermes, dispenser of gain,»*» whence so"much gold? Or are these things a dream? I at least fear lest when I awaken, I may find coals.^« But indeed the gold is stamped, reddish, heavy, and ex- oessively pleas^t in respect to its look, « O gold, thou most pleasant boon for mortals."*^ For yo» appear prominent as the shining fire, both by night and by day. Come, dearest and loveliest. Now I am persuaded that even Zeus sometimes becomes gold. For what virgin would not receive to her open bosom so handsome a lover, slipping down through the roof1«» O Midas,»*« and Cr«sus,»« and ye ofierings in Delphi,'*" how perfectly insig- nificant you are, as compared to Timon, and the wealth of Timon, to whom not even the king of the Persians is eqwal.»« O my mattock, and my dearest leathern garment, it is right to dedicate you to this Pan ;«• and I myself having now bought aH this lonely spot, and having birilt a turret over my *j^easure, a sufficient one for *»ie alone to live in, methinks that I will have the same as a sepulchre when I die. Let these things ^e decreed and made iawfor the rest of my life, (viz.), non-intercoursewith all, the knewing^of no one, and haughi jiess; but(let) - "■1 - / X J & n - i '"1 '■ I friend, guest, companion, or aJtar of mercy »» (bei utter nonsense; and (let) the pitying the weeping or aiding the needy, (be) a transgression of law aid a subversion of customs; but (let) my mode of Uving (be) sohtaxy like wolves, and (let) Timon alone (be) my friend. And (let) all others (be) enemies and treacherous (persons); and (let) the associating with any one of them (be) pollution. And if I should^ merely see any one, unlucky (be) the day. And im fiue as far as I am concerned, let them differ not at aU from stone or brazen statues; and neither let us receive a herald from them, nor conclude a treaty; but let my solitude be a boundary to them And (let) tribesmen,"' clansmen, feUow-citizens, and my native country itself, (be) cold and unprofitable names, and the vanity of foolish men. Let Timon only be rich, and let him scorn all {others), and let him be luxurious alone by himself, having been re- leased from flattery and disgusting piuises; and let him sacrifice to the gods, and feast alone, a neighbour and bi^er^. to himself, shaking (himself) off from others. And once for all, let it be decreed that he shall give his hand to Umself, or, when he must wl^Jt* ''r'' "P^'^ ^ (Timon).^" And let The Misanthrope" be* most pleasant na^ne. And (let) the marks of his cha««.ter (be) moroseness, roughness, pen^«eness, anger and inhumanity. And if I should Bon .«» u..--_ ■ . . i to and supphcating me to extmguidi it, (let the """^ of my cha«d«r be) to *xting,rish it with ^h and oa. AM if a rirer d.o„ld cany any «ne ^2 « >^te.. and he, holding out W, ZnZ M wa^^e to help hn„, (let the nu^ks of m^ oharaater be) to puA out this one also headlong dippmg hun under, so that he would not be able ^rentol^uphisheadjforthustheywo^dScS^^ an equitable (return). Hmon, (the son) of E«h<^ ojaMes, the Colyttensian, has introdu J the W Tte .^e Tin.on h«, put it to the vote t le »«embly ; be it so, let these things bo dZZ far u^and let us abide by them u^X^J'l would give a ^t deal that these tLgs Zm somehow be known to aU, (viz ) th«t f lively rioh; for the a«ai; 2d t as C «; speedl They run togetuer from every side, covered wxti, dust and out of breath, smellg m^l^ know not from what way. Whether 7hJ I • -ended this hill, will'l ^Tj'Z^:^ atones, a^mti^ them from a vantage ^Tnd S ao &- at least shall we t^n^p^ ^U^Z^Z looked, they may be vexed the more T thTltw the latter is even better .TIT '^ **** » oven cetter, so that stoppinir let n. receive them now. Comol T^. H"og, let us firatoneofthem? O^l ^« »»« «e; who is this he wiU bewaU before the others."" '" ""^*- **^ ■— C'' T^Jd not neglect the good man TimonJ m^ handsomest sweetest, a«d most convivial Timon 1 T^MON.-Yes, and (hail) yo„, Gnathonides, the P«est of all vulture a«d the most rascally o^ Gnathonides._Tou (are) always fond of iegfc' jng; but where is the banquet? Because I c^^ ^mTI:T" """^ «.ngto you of the newly-nnb! UBhed dithryambics. ' ^ TmoN.-Truly you wiU sing elegies'" very pathe- ti«ai/, under the influence of this mattoct GNATHomnEs._What is this? Do you strike me, Timon? I protest; Hercules! Oh! Oh! I^ "^ct you at the Areopagus™ for the wound. TiMON -And yet if you delay a little, perhaps you W.1I have indicted me for murder ^ ,^''a?°T'^~^'' "" ^'*' •"•* -Jo yo« heal tie wound by all means, having sprinkled upon it a little of the gold; for the medicine is terribly styptic TwoN.—Do you still remain? ' _ GKATH0KIDE8.-I go away, but you will be sony having become so nncourteous from a good (feUow) IS bald-headed? Philiades, the most disgttLTtf ^ttere^^ This one having received a ^S fro-me, and two talente™ for his daughter as her ZZ^ t'" P^r*""* °f ^^ P«^e. when he alone praised^my smgmg excessively, all being sUent, ]■■■ ^ten lately he saw me sick, and I came to ij ^eedir,g a^s^tance, tiis generous one (I say)T flicted stripes on me. ^ ^'' PmuADEs—mat impudence! Do you now •^cognize Timon! T, P^.ti, -j ' °^ and V«MW„ . ^°»*''<"»des now his friend aud bottleK>ompamon? Therefore this one bein, ungratefulhassuffered just (deserts). Butwe^'f (jere) formerly familiar, and feuLyoutrind fellow^t^ns, nevertheless act moden^tely that wo ^TZuw*"'''™^"'""^- Hai['mlT and (see) thai? yon g,^ „,^^ jj^ ' terers who (are) only (so) at your table, andin otter must not trust any of tte present (dav) • all ^Z *telj to you, so ttat you might be able to ^ use of It m emergencies, have just heard near W along the read, thatyouwerepossessedofexceXef; ^t w^tt. Therefore I c»me to adv^^u t these thmgs ; however you, being so wise, will pe^ advise what was necessaiy even to Nestor «' TiHOH—These things will be, Philiades; neve,. ^^.^^a^reach.thatImayweloome you aLo Witt PHiUAi>Es_Menl I have my head brekeu by ^as expedient > V > ~^> \ 67 T,H0N.-8eeI this ftW one, tie orator Demeas S"^; ^-«ad«,-inhi. right (hJrri S1„T t''.""'*'''''""- This one havkg pud to tie cty sixteen telents received fcom ml one day; [for he was oondenuied, and had b^ bound for not payu.g it, and I having pitied him hWad huny when Utely he was chosen to di2 bute the theatrical fund™ to the Erechthean «te that he did not know I was a citizen wark of Greece; moreover the people long since «^bK andbot^senates'-awai:;^; J -» (you go), hear the decree whicli I drew un fn^ ^« ;f Tinion. the (son) of'^i:^;^:^ CWyttensutn, not only a man of honour and vitue to afeo w,se, so that (there is) not anotherin ^ Ucehun) continues through all tinie doingt^^ ^^) for t^e state; and has conquered !t^^, wresthng, and the race, in one day, in Olym^S •^ m a chariot drawn by ho^es, Id a t^^;, chariot drawn by colts ;"— "wo-aorse oi"r^"' ' ""'"*^""^ -- » ''P-'«'or at . D™EAs._matofthat, You wiU be a spectator lereafler; and (it is) better that su«h n^! ' 1^ W« down.-«And distinguished hin«etf Kut jw for the state against the Achamians '• «^t to^pieoe. Wo battaUons- of ae Pelopon- «l7 w't^^ "r* ""^'^t ^things) abc. t ydar. And besides .Joo, writins defeer «nVJ„ , c.«jdel. havi.«« thunderbolt in Ma n>ht (L^ &^'>1 n^ys upon his head- anrf t^ "g"* (hand), cJauaed t.. V, during the Wpresentatl^ 5 ^ r.^^?^ the festival^of Ba^LT.» £ the festivri of Bsoohns must be celewL * T on aoeount of him;! DemeJ tlT^ * *°"^'y decree, b«i„g hfa n^ X- Tl: "'*"'*^ ^^^ nrti..rti,- \ ""'"" ™e best orator, and all wen w the decree for vou • K»* t i • , m^r~f '^' ^'°''^' ^°" ^^° ^^^e not even marhed, as for as w6 fcjio^ I '^iDlSMEAS.— But I will m«;«r ^ i. .r«a. WW BO i„m, Kmon [fo,it ^ be » male;] ' 69 ^Vi. iMON.-^I don't know if you will m.^ "^ ^^ten.pt wve^ignty, and strike freeZm Jm^k y«. who are not clearly free-bom yo^ 'Z^i ^^a m other reapecte, aud because you burned t^e ra^.so that .t „ manifeat you are slandering me. DEMEAs.-But also you aie rich, havin« b^k^^ through the treasury.'" ""Ting orokeo ^1 ««- (statement) of yours also are 1' I)E«EAS._It wUl be broken through hereafte, • M you now hare all in it. «"""«>«« , Tiiio«r.--So then, receive another also. Demeas.— Ahw, my back i (biowltr"*:"'' *"/*' *■"' * '^ «*™ y<« • «^' ^nf!r w^.*^* ***P'~«» °°*™«1 t*o battel, u>nsof theI^ed»moni.ns, and not having pom^ o»e r.«^,y fellow ; for I would also in IZ^ conquered at the Olympic games in boZj Z wrestlmg. But what i, thl? Ts no^^t Ti.~..— 1— ^1 . ... "»"""" 18 not this ons ottr:^"'r'..'"^'"*"*P^'* Indeed then (it is) no other; for havmg extended his beard, and elevit^ TO through fri^hf **™^' ^»^«g l»is hair on end »o tliat he might not w3l . !"™ '^ «««-finger, the sauce.™ All™ j^f ''• ""*" "^ ""'" "^ lone of othe™ ^^r '^''"'^' ^ <"^«'- *'«'* he, i««>ati«te desire /Uirl! TV f'""""^ "'"' » o% to the ler^O^^T?^ ^^"^ '"•' 'J^'deriy. not ab^andif^jrirhtS'^"'^" nmnei-ous orer his cup, anda.1 ^^ "^ "* V. 'r \ ■^ 71 •x-th (his hands) a!, 5 T ' ^"*«-P%» with yield I no" eVfilVt ''"'° """-' ^« -°»W audacity, or arlril • ^ ■"" *" ^ "» '''^'^tood, the chief of Z!^ "T™"''- ^"' »''» te fi' "adily and tn T' ^'^ P^-^""^ himself very ^^e/.rrAtrranrrr;r-^ •ong. fine ^t he r Z' : ^','""''" *" Thrasyclesl,at;^th„r ^^"^ '^^ Oh - -eTa^X'^hU"" "'''"'"*' ^-»°' - "'e your weahh t °^' "' ""^y- '^o admiring jour wealth, hare run toaether win. *i i. ^ silver omM »_j "o^^ner witn the hope of -hi;- :rr y^rr f '-^ r;:xi:rd"-'^--'"-- tJ'y^e, orcrLr;,te:rit£r:''^"*"" » little salt; a^d tl.„ IZ T^ be luxurious, drink. And thtl r '" ^«'^"' "">) Pun.le yt^ nte For ,r* ^ "^''^'^-any -o™hono„i:hanS^,,ro^^„7- *° - -thing I «et out for your s^ t^ltrt"" *"* and most insidious thinj. weaTh J!tl'^..""™' you, Which has often b;en to nia^Ve"™;^ 72 incurable calamities. For if yor. yloh i, ,ne, you will by all means cast it entir.ij into the sea, m being not at aU necessary to .. good man, and one who IS able to see the wealth of philosophy. Not indeed into the depth, my good Sii-, but going al .^m up to your groins a little from the beach, I alon« seeing you. And if you do not wish this, do you throw it out in another f atter way from your house with all speed, and lei^^e not even an obolus for yourself, distributin , "t to all in need, to this one, five drachmae/" to that one, a mina;"» to another half-artalent. And if there should be any phUo^ Bopher, (he ha^) a right to get a double or triple portion. And for me, although I a^k not for my sake, but in order that I may give a share of it to tiiose of my friends in need, (it is) sufficient, if, havmg filled up this wallet, you should give (it to me), which contains not even two whole mediinni^»» of ^gina. It is necessary for a philosopher to U contented with little and be mode; ^3, mA to ai: at nothing beyond a wallet. TiMON.—I praise these things of ynj^ Thra«y- des; however, instea^J of your wallet, if you please come, I will fill your head with my knuckles throwing in an addition to the measure witb -ny mattock. Thrasycles.— O the de.nocracy and the iuws I We are struck I the cursed wretch in a free. state. \ / I 73 TiMON.-Why aw you indignant, my good Sir, Thra^yclesl Have T cheated you? Moreover I will throw in an addition of four chcBnices»« beyond the measure. But what is this? Many are coming together; that Blepsia^, and Laches, and Gniphon! imd m hhort, a company of those who are about U> bewail. So that why do I not go up upon this i-ock, and relieve my mattock for a little, whnh has long' toiled, and I myself, having collected as many stonei as possible, -shower them down from afar. BLEP8iAs.~D(,n't pelt us, Timon; for we wUl go •way. ® Timon -But you (will) not (go away) without bloodshed, ^ or without wounds. 1 V ,, NOTES. CvilLf InT "'; ""V"" "' ^°"" "^ "•'•' '«'"' 0" Mount ■ 'tT' 1,;, » » f« .„d n«ty. „Uh . grey beard, long .„d Zh" le« tZ tt, f?= •"' '■'™ "'» "' <"""»» (« li'tl. ™„t o JrdeC'd' "Tho'',e""H "a",? ' '"'"''■' "" rites of h„.5oi ''®*?,^- J*^^^^' ^Jio did not receive the Z,n! "f»T ""^ '"" °' ^»'""' '"^ «'«"'. "d brother ,f fr. f'? ".""J ''' "■" "■» 8°" of "" "ether worM on .eoonnt of Ms being eo gloo„,y and ine;.orable none of ^egoddeaee. would marry him, bnt he carried off Prlr p.ne by force from Henn., . town in the centre of Sicir ( ) Proteailaua, eon of Iphicin,, from Phylace in Thesaalv ia here meant; be was leader of the Theasalian, ag^UU ^^-L^dtufron^dtr '"" "■" '""' '" ^''" "'• (») VnlcM was the son of Jnno, and was bom deformed- when Zeus hurled l,im from heaven he was ^ThT^A' &Uiag, but finally alighted on the Sa^d oT"l™°'"' '"' «.! n lie after ^rards rwiclod. He was skilled In tho workirnr of l7hi:' tt C T^^'= '""''''''^ thunderbolts wlef^^.:' Dy him , tho Cyclopes wore his workmen. mother of Hermes; she was one of the Wekdes .n, !r most luminous of thorn all. '"' *""* '^* (') Another reading of this passage is iri rev n^A. changi ,,„ to a.o. which will then'be transited « Th I be proclaimed as a fugitive from Zeus." ^ (*) -^acus was the son of Zeus anH 4?,^«- i i- ., P«1«n« ««^ T 1 V, ^ ^^nti, and father of Peleus and Telamon. He was so noted in Greece for his ustice and piety, that on his death he was mad o„e o the IZs ' nf'^"^ ^'^ ^"'^^ ^^^ being Minos and Rhad: manthus. Ho was appointed to judge the Europeans. (») Hemsterhuis adheres to the reading of most MSq mdlog the traa.lat.on of the former would be, " Bat a, ^*rthi ''".•" r'T '" «° "p ""» ■'^veo- Jw„: w ^« the aommative absolute. *^ .ni".! T"'"' r? " """"""'■' '" "">*. '«cred to Apolte «d th,Mu,ee. It had two peak,, Lycorea and Tithore. ■ lU " Ihw" " "" f" r'"''"'^'' «"^ °' ^'PW- -"^-^ for' Its infallible oracle of Apollo. (") Between Thessaly and Macedonia was situated Mount Olympus; xt was supposed to be the residence of Zeus aud 900, but h,s birthplace and parentage are not known- sevea cit.es contended for the honour of the former. Hil worl^ wv* V (Me luaa miu Odyssey, asaua 76 7}nl^lT' T T ^' *^' ^"^ ^^''^ ^'•^'J against hf«r?n1 . ^"^'A ^°^'"*''' "" «^^^""^ <>f '»« «^e I«e sent his reputed sons, Otus and Ephialtes, to assist the giants in ^ea't t Tk'^T ^*'[°P««^«re the workmen of Volcan; they are ^ repr sented as being of gigantic statnre, and having bulona eye m the centre of their forehead. Their names wew Arges, Brontes, and Steropes. * , (»» This refers to Homer's Iliad, Bk. Ill t 926 whi.«. Priam thus asks Helen about Ajax. ' Slln; n' ''°' fr"' "' ''' ^'^"^P^'^ ^-^^ ^y'^''^^ games, tUI no one would compete with him. king of Media; he transferred the empire to the Pers ans ^ubdued Lydia. invaded Assyria. andLally too^ IZZ', tJ . ^^"^"^^^^« ^as afterwards defeated and 'slain by Tomyris, queen of the Massagetffi, 629, (•») Cr«9U8 was the last king of Lydia, son of Alyatte., ^nd noted for his immense riches. His capital, Sard L Bitaatedon the river Pactolus, was taken b/ Cyrus, BO J^wljoc^ignedhimtobeburntaliv.^ n Historians relate that Cyrus subdued Lydia several .ea. Wore he took Babylon, not .^e, as /uciao ^ {») Solon was ona of the Seren Sages of Gr»eco and Uwg,.„ of Athon.. He ,.. .he «.« It E^^ZZ, L 7B born at Salamis, about B C fi^iT tt« -♦* • a ^ , ^nnth (some »y Myao,, of L.e„ola); '.„d CM™, ^J ( ) Lucian inverts the order an wJiriiT, T^« tr •■ « the imrrativfl of tu^ i *! oraer as given by Herodotas. In C^) Apollo was the eon of Zeus an/I Tof«« j . OTts. He WM born, with his sister DiaM near M„„n, Cynthus inDelos, the centre island of the bXdef a! soon as he was born, he slew the serpent ^thon whii ;^r„r.rr;i""'""'' ^'■''"-^ ^--•'■^^^^^^^ (") Clotho was one of the three Faroe or Moine the Fates, who presided over the life and death of maTiind Clotho was the spinning fate, who presided at the bWh taehesis spun out all the events of each man's life .„j' ^z^:L^tzt' "'"^°"«'° — «." (») Cambyses was the son and snecessor of Cyme to - £- r = •• «5 vwa^uwwii by mm ; t,nd when mardi- i i "T 79 y«««, whei he „«, eL„ °!t V • ''" '''°"' t^tyfi™ ^M a,a« aeaS,t :r bSuCf ■ ""' " - Bolemnifcjr, "uwea witn great pomp and - theeasteJpt°„,.f:Z::q'r,f-(- M""^ '» «"d continued good forCe M Z™"""' '"= ''™'«' betrayed hin, to OraJrh" P '^'""'^"^'- "^ domestic, put him to death M» , ■ '"' "'"? "' ^ardi., «ho government oTLo!"" ""'="'*'' ^'"^-»'- '" "« pwiil'"tL:rjr;oitTr.t?n' ^-^ ■""^«' served up his son Pelon, o ! ^ ' *""' *' *"«•> h" which thegodsTeptXith ™r?h?"' °' '"" "•°-"'-' life. On account of this T.„f 7 ^' "^ '"''""""^ ""^ to panishment in the in feL !!?'°' "'' °'"«^™°«<1 1" e-ffer as being afflicted Vrt^rnlSlkT'^ f^ " ''''•'»^'"'«' op to his chin in water l^L ^ ''"°S"- "'though parentis within hirreach """ ''""°"' '■'°"4- (**) See note 38, These games are said L h« k ^'"^''' ^ *°^° ^» ^^i^- butwefenegIe:tXtt IpKr^^^^^^^^^^ them, about B.C 881- rZu^^''''^'''^^^^''^'^ Corc.h«. ^.. .; I^*' ^""^ '^ ^«« not till B.C. 776. wh«n wogicalera. Thej were celebrated every 80 .nd chariot Tee" Ini!?'.!"" '''' "»"»"'«' »' '»"• boxing, and wSinT"';?; vtZl ' H '"«°'- '-P'°«. "W.rd«j with wreath,of wUd O.T™ ^''° ^°""" '*" them the highe.t cekbruT Thl' ^ "'''""S «» wyofc\riirthii^n''"'' ^■""'•'•"<' for hi, prudent and loitt al";'" ^'"^- "" ™ ""'^ the Trojan war J,!^ ■^' ^ ™ eon-pdlod to go to g»i,hediii:,;bo"h Lr,'"" ^" ""■• """' "^ <>«- ^^. lea Tro,, he 'rderl^a T^^ TJ'T'- ^"^ form the subject oT Homer', fl/^ adventure., which •t Ithaca, .fir arabsel ff"""' ^^ '°"S"> l-o arrived ofabeggar,s,e::,"t:ir:r]:ir;;L'p"'r''«"''' recovered his throne. P^oelope, and They had' the powT; of h rll C 1" ""' " ''°"'- hoard thorn, an'd wonid then rir't 'm' '2 "' ""^ were Parthenope, Leucosia, and Li "a """"'"' ^^( ) ". It « ridicdone for me to apeak of theae tMng,," (^} Irus was a name »iven Kir fi,« -l bt-ggar Arn«a8. ^ ^ the suitors to the Ithacaa. ( ) Agamemnon was the son nf a *- Pelop,. aad commander-inlhTe f Itr^'' '""' ^'"'^'™ «' < i«d.r of the W™ido«r„ pS t„ Tr^:"-^- '■"> Troy. He w„ th. chief hero of le U^ "^' '*"'"' (") Sigeum and Rhoeteam were bofh .jf ! tories of Troas, in Asia Min^r ''' *"^ P'^°«»- (*») Ninoa or Nineveh was slfno^^^ ., ».:; «: t-^ if -X »i- :^^. ( ) Sardanapalus, the last kinff of AssrrU • , his debauchery and effeminacy H«^ "'^*'°°''' '*"* nificence. "anguished for ita extent and mag- (68) Mjcene was a town of AmoHa f»,n •» , memnon, and noted for its Q.Z^l^^ '^'7 ^^ ^S*- Btroyed by the ArgiveH, B.O 468 "^ ^' '' ^' ^'^ ^^- C) Cleonj» was a town of Arn«» , , * Arm .here HareuUeriUa t^fB^^Ir ''""'"' "" 6 82 Thynwn pI.iB T^^.^ " *" ** I»«^io" of tb. («) See note 8. ton. to S«i.«^ hi. uMnZrX^^^' ,'"' "• "• Europe. ^ ""'"I"««'"'m1u« tPHTota through (") S«e note 18. of U^u*";: ar.on"r&:".' *' T' *™-' "*'•' •bout B.C. «o bJZ^. J^^^' '"'' *""■ •' -i*'"' at Olvmpia iu Eli. tiT? «Iebr.ted .totu. of Zon., .boufSK,f-7i,'^™-^o«do^^^^^^^^ ne gold given him for constructing the Btatuee, ^ I ) PoIycJittts. a native of Sicyon Uved in th. k,u ' tnry B.C., and was a celebrated sSar; ''" (•) Jano. daughter of Saturn and Ops siste-. ^nH ••/ r Zeus, and queen of aU the gods was born t T ^ '^ **^ Samoe). She was vsr v i£i f ? ' ^""^^ ^'^^'"'^ "7 t:^u°bi^~^^^^^ tween them. Her favourite bird was. the peacock y I 83 !»««<.« "*'^"' **• »<»otiai about 48'> R P m» which eaero«hed oS the publioTer™ iL '' '""'°" { ) Machines, au Athenian orator ♦!,« i . , mosthenes, was born B G^maV. ^'^"^ '^^*^ °^ !><'■ •t Rhodes. ' -' ^^^' *"^ ^^^^' fi-C. 814, in exUe, dered. BC ss* «♦ *u * .. vxreece. He was mur- u, i5.v^. 838, at the instigation of his wif- oi whom he had repudiated Oljmpws, •gainst hia former accusers. vengeanca H J? f ""^ T" "" ^"8'"" »f Tanuiu,, kiog of Lvdl. M, 1? . ^^*'"'' ^^^"? **^«' M°°°t Helicon, struck it with itoTr""" "'^ "" "' «■"' '""" ^' ate CM that he means hi, literery produetio„&"_ r«(L I^d^three „,ght,, or . .igUt „ ,o.g „ thre^. tS native of the Atoo borough Erohea, was born about BC «6. He joined the eipediUon of Cv™, tl,. ' .gainst his brother Artaxer«,aft«. Tr°, % ^°°°«"'' of Cyrus, at the battle o" nl he waf :btlT, ^ h' ""*^. conducted the celebrated retreat of th?,ooooo«eks"i ""/ jng tljeu, «^ely h„„e. He died at Coriuth al„rB C 3« Ills chief work8 were tlm >i«^a • rr „ ^^'' and ifo„<,r„M«I """' '^'"'"""'' <^*'-<'i«<«*. («; Timon, the son of Echecralide,. w., bom near Athen., 85 (**) Consult note 44. n Saturn was the son of Uranus and Ge, and father of « Phaethon w.s the son of Phabus .nd ayn>ene Zen, the h«:;;;r"""°* '" "^"^ *' •""'"'" »' "« ™" "■""sk •a (") Th. obolu, i, worth . littl, Ie„ ,h.„ ihr.0 «„t.. lir L'in r'.";'t"' ' P^'^'^Ph" •"-» Epio poet of Crete. Jireu m toe Bixth ceoturv BD Ha -:-:* j i MUn,. to p,.„ .ho w.y for 8oI„„., ,.«!„.«„„. a!^^- to h»,. ren..,nod «I,ep for fifty ye.r. I„ . „,„ ' OW « m """J^"""" tW» roadiny AVr.,^ io pI.co of «!' in C;. " ""' ' "'"'■"' """""^ ^'^ '• • vol (") When Pjth.gor.8 visjted the sepulchre of M'no. In foil ^cra ir." '■"' '°""'-^' "" ^"■"'- '-•^ zPJi"" •''"'•''r" «'«l'"««^ •• M ben. ia honour of *'*t'""''X«>C. or "ZeM the pro"i-j -,, Thl. f„.- , held .bout the latter end of the « .:. a! ? ^ "' "" side nf fill. «»f„ 1. . i^^i ^ 5 Anthesterion, out- Mcrifice. ^' *""• '^' ^""""«°' '"""J "d ofcred wi-Ti '"n '? "" "" '"'' "^ '"'»■' "'^ Core., .nd god of w«^th. He i, repreeeuted ., being winged, hnie. ncd uU sonified*"""'^'' "'■'* """" "' "■""■"'" '» ''"• P". J^i ■*""»S°rw, • celebrated philosopher of the Ionic 1h ^^: ! """°"^ '• **™' *''" '"enty-foor year. old and there taught a «,ho«l of philoeophy He wm ta*M .nd condemned at Athene for alleged Lp ety Ce"ef h. «. «.«, f„„ ae..h b ^^^ ioLccion ^f hU Trilnd .!:s':xn: thi^t;'^^ " H^dit^r ■"""" "-" " £-) reride. tiie greatest of Athenian statesmen, son of Xanthippas and Agari.te. wa. bom about B.C. 499. He was the eader of the d. nocratio party, and atUlned to almoe n^n-" nf T"" V ^T""' ^'^- ***• «* ^'^^'^ '^- Areo- pagus of Its judicial power, and employed himself chief n consolidating the empire. He died in the third year the Pelopc^nnesian war. B.C. 429. He was tae first Ore. 01ympia*n ""''^*^ ^'^^ ""' *^"*°'^*" ^' ^^ '^y^'* *^i m Castor and Pollnx were the sons of Zens and Leda- the former was noted for his skUl in horsemanship, and the latf^r in boxing. They were called the Dioscuri, and en- joyed immortaUty. (**) A Ul(int is worth |1,06« flO. ;»«•) Danag was the daughter of Acrisius, king of the Ar- gives An oracle having fo-etold that the godson of Acrisius would kill him. he shut Danae up In a brazen ^Jr^ ?°«' *»*^i°? «»»«?^ himself into a shower of dauihtl K ^ •'"T*. ^' '^" - ^^'^""'^ ^^^ that his daughter had brought forth a son, he ordered that she and But the chest was driven to Seriphus, a smaU island in the f r f T:J^"'' • ^■^*""'^ ^^-^^^^ i*' 'o*>k "•«« out. and ZlZnATr."" '^'^^*^*''*"' ki-gof theisland, who be^me £or) OneoftheParisianMSS.hasthefollowingreadingin ^« passage : wa.c oi. oic ii^^a ravra .ov, .axl ^.v W« atr.a(T«a., v.;v ^e, 4c.. which would be rendered "HowThea formerly find fault with those things, and now " L d*. ol .gricultar., era. wd plent,-U>. «ime « wfrf .a5- .a^ ^ ^«^w^: IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. ^ A^^.. 1.0 I.I m lii 1^ 1^ m 1 2.0 1.8 102 13.6 1-25 lllu I 1.6 150mm V ^; Ol ■A >1PPLIED_^ IIV14BE . Inc ^ss 16S3 East Main street ^^li Rochester, NY 14609 USA ^^^= Phone: 716/482-0300 ^^^^= Fax: 716/286-5989 O 1993, Applied Image, Inc., All Rigtits Reserved l^^^'4S ^^ ^ ^ If 88 the most sacred and ancient in aH Greece- th« m.7 T were initiated in these rio-hfa. Ji I "*''**" ^**<> Bern a perpetual d!!!^''' '^^'^Much as resolved t« pre- (**) See note 42. m The Harpies, 80 called from their rapacity were born of Oceanus and Terra. Thev h»^ f k« # F»««7. were born «id Ooyp,t,. ' • ^'^ """'• '•" ^«Uo. Cd«no, ]iw; ^' V"^ ""^ """"J *■> ">» fifty Don. of from a deep well, and fill a perforated tub. (*") Consult note 27. ("*) See note 8. . J^l ^^""'^' ^~°»^"' •^^'J Tibius, were the name, of - » 89 ('") Faber mJ. W^i here, instead of iWoc Thi, P«»gewmthen be translated: " And if •a„/„^' by should craolt a wliip at liim • withont L..I " tWog.' priciing «p," 4o loteudios any. pe^aof. united ^^Z'o^.'t^r'^^^'''^' «»V^T' ^° •""""" -^wopolfa of Athens. .„^ / .^. "' 7" "" "" °f Melanlhus, and the eerenteeath anr^g h,, re«n, the oracle promised them victory if thev d^ not bl the Athenian king; b„t Codras, hoarfng his ft. cCTfThe r •°°"^'' "'''^ '» "« <""■ "f«. -'-a sue camp of the Donans io the dlso-nisft of « ^ ^ , provoke, a soldier to kill h.n,, allt B.C .oT'o' ttf "Terenc to him, the Athenians abolished L kill" power and institnted that of the archoLt ,u sJ^V'""'' K J aee note 46. ("*) Consalt lote 81. ann,t""'^°'' '""'"'^ "" J°»'' " Athenian general a. nme ot the Persian inyaaion, and hU IntrepiditvirreatW «.at„bnted to the victory of Marathon. He waffrehl' met .' '°. "■"" '" """ ""''«'«™'' '"« """J« of banUh'. locles, was ft. first person exiled by its means B 483 Ho was recalled, however, to oppose Xerxe, and di,ti!' galshed himself at the battle of s'Lis. He died b C 4 «' .opoor that fte ^peases of his funeral were dc.faved"i GrX;:::oZ' """"^^ " ""* "■• "■«•«— t'-f th. 90 no£?f ^K-^°"'T' ■'' ^'^""*'"' *^« ^*'^«' o' Cal!::,s, was noted for his wealth and dishonesty. Jiri^f'*'' S' "**'* ^^ Hipponicus, was famed for his great nches He was notorious for his profligacy and wanT fir"^ the great wealth he inherited, "he ^i'edt h^Z. '^' ^"*'"''" necessaries of life. He was tried for (*=*) See note 142. C") See note 24. t would then be translated, "Thinking they were ovTr^ looked by yoa, when you not even faw theH all" e^r'.w'ttt^:^ :ii7 ""^ ^"^'"'^' '^ ^'^'' ^^^ -* Corybantes ; hence, " to be filled with Corybantic frenzy.'* cvLbTir r « , f ~ "^ ^^''""S'' '^« ^^^^Wng of cymbals, beating of drums, Ac., on Mount Dindymus in Galatia, a district of Asia Minor. ' J2 ^r*"' ''**''*' "'*"' "poyerly." is here personified. ( ) The xXa^is was a military cloak, worn especiaUy so J^^L\ •' 't"''* **^ ' *^'^^«^ o" «»« rightshoulder BO as to hang over the left. «»"iuaer character, who obUined considerable power. He ;a. the last person ostracised at Atheof . aF^ ^i*??* • ^**'***' merchant, ths most popular maa at Athens, B.C. 421 wan m. i*..}, —j • ^ • . I» the besl.„i„; J" I« ^ T'°* ^™'8°K»''- 91 but_^fu.dly w« d„«t.d .t Amphipoli.. iy Br«Id», .«a c h."l" h^tT""' °'/°°'*'' J"'""y' 2«°» «l»»«5«d lo into t XpVTr l'""" •» ■!' I« fr^^ Hermes WM a1^' tojeep with a, „„Me.f hU pipe, ,ad Uua cut off W, (") Athens is here referred to. '■ ^ .rLfrpTut':?.'"^ *'■ ""'■»"'' '»^'-.»f»tt T. 30 ,for.p.r^,el L.tmp«.ge, "^^fo,,a^» *• tmnsleted. Striking heary Mows." Hemsterhnic how erer, takes ^aBtlac as th« <».»■.. • ""'*™°''^ "ow- - u. I ', "'• " "■• genitire singular, and suddUm lie. which latter emendation I have foUowed. wiUi whom Hemsterhui, agrees, reuds a„^^. ^^^ •way. „^.» being considered pleonastic. It does not a^ ("") See note 128. (•«) Herme. is hero invoked a. "dispenser of gain" becanse he is said to h.« first Sanght the arU of bf vL Jiercury (from Latin men, "merchandise") from hi« nn d«,Undi^ of msrohandise; hence ho i.^;.:^:.edr; lxT^ot^~^r''Ar """ '"^ ^"^ **' g«in~«o that all un- ( «) ThM WM a proTerbial crxpreaeion of on* who had v.. Il>v 92 raised to giv6 him Jw. u ""''"'• *» ■*««■ Pfo- SoH him of ^M. -ft !' °° "qoMted Bacchus to re- ("') See aot ,; " ""''"'"^ "* «»'"'»' "■«** .ificence. this Ijul^^'L^ ." oT.;,:^""' m ""r^" b.t«e. the t», peeh o?Mo>u.t LZZ. '""*^ wedth Md laxunoasnes,. Compare ai,™«, Carm. „r j" ("") Pan, eaid to haye been bor« of Herme. and P»l i was the god of shepherds floolis W? ? P"el»P«. that related to rural life He irHrK'/"?.*"'^'"'* ruddy face flat -„.!.,. '''"'nbed with a smiling uuuj, nice, nat nose, two horns and a baarH • »!,. i. . .7 frightened 'hem «. mnch^L^gfhe nlVt^^t tTev'^ wuhout an^ „ne pursuing themf hence fu^o' -^Zfc*^ which mean, a sudden fright without real causT , C^') At Athens there was «n »it«- of Mercy. p Cecrops divided the Athenians into fonr *„X„; „, clan into thu-ty ripn, or families. Afterwards B C «io oThet" "' '''' '*" '^"•'' "'«'°« ^' "-y fro- Hem,t«hu.8 proposes to read «.*. ii, ilcfaL. Wtf ".♦avo.., Ac, "...d when he must die, th.t he eh.7l Ztl crown .pon himself," whioh would be deoidedirbetr («») " Timon hnmoronslj assumes to himself the character at once of the mover of the decree, of the presiding offlce, it -Id'" "' "'"'' ""' "' ""■ •"-•" 'who conflrmTd ("•) na^ i^o. i, here equivalent to the French " ohez-moi ' (■»') These were plaintive and doleful K,n«, wherea. dithryambioa were gay and merry. wnereae hiiw^'"^'"T "' ^■•«<'P«g"s was the most ancient. «,d highest judicial one in Athens, famous for the justice and jmp^,.lityof its decisions. It was held on tCnm of Mars (o Ap«ot „droc). whence its name. No person could be a member oi this tribunal, unless be had }ZZ .«hon,.„dhad discharged the duties of that offi^Tith fully. This court only took cognizance of high crimes topiety and immorality, «.d watohed over the LwaTd the public treasury. " *?" ("*J See note 106. .i.^'"l I h'TO included these worda in a parenthesis .1 though they are not in the Greek toxt. '^'"^"»' •■• , Of Pyloa, i» ElM. He wa. one of the G«»i.o leadeii ]■ (. ) i*v. Uf. 94 cit2Bl:r*r'?"' '""'" "•' --«y «i-en to the poor theatre. Each seat cost two oboll. or aboat six cents. Fire Hondr^"^ IV^'', ^''"P"^"^' *"^ '^« Senate of the Fire Handred. The latter was instituted by Solon in whose thne it consisted of only four hundred member' one hundred to each tribe. But when the tribes we^rT to five hundred,-fifty to each tribe. The power of this CouncU waa very great, and almost the whole Ze of the Commonwealth devolved upon it. 0«*) t.e. At the'oiympic games. See note 44. . AttLt^ »,^"i? *^' Acharnians, as Acharn« was an Attic borough. Hemsterhuis suggests that we should read YkUi^apvava,, "against the AcarnanUns/' with whom Athens was often at war, 0«) The number of men in a mora varied much. Accord ing to Xenophon. it was composed of 400 men' Enhnrl" says 600; Callisthenes. Too ; and Polybius 9OO ^ m Of lUl the judicial courts that handled civil affairs m Athens, the Helitean was by far the irr^^fL , frequented The judges u.»4nl^:ed^rfift; oT tned .t WM coetomary to c.ll in the judges of other courts «,d thus the uumWw« often iuor,„^ to several C «nd.^ It «yery strange that Lucian should use th, phr«o «araMac» connection with the Heli»an CouncU. M, Mn^_h„,.„po.es to rend inste^J. „. ™, ,.Xa... ".nd "^ (»«) Minerva, or Athena, was Wja imii^.,-- «* -^- j «dth.uh.,.i.rt.. B>.i.^:.%;;r^ZZi forehe.a completely armed. She ™ the presiding god- ».!? ;f ^'°\"'^ maintained perpetual virginity Sha is described a. having a plumed helmet, a shield (on which was t^o head of the Gorgon, Medusa), a breastplate (or ^gis). and a spear. The owl was sacred to her. sll^^^f "% ''. ^/°"^"°'' ™ *^* ««» *>f Zeus and Semele. and god of wine, vineyards, and drunkards. He 18 represented as an effeminate youth, crowned with ivy and vme leaves, seated on a chariot drawn by lions and tigers and accompanied by a drunken band of satyrs and nymphs. The ^wvima were festivals held in honour of Bacchus and observed at Athens with great splendour. The wildest mirth and hilarity were manifested at these festivals The people imitated Siienus (an attendant on Bacchus). Pan. and the satyrs, and some wore comic dresses Theatrical representations were also given. ("») The 'Om-, w., *-na»w», vvtuviae atreet, Toronto. r '%■