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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, 11 est filmi A partir de Tangle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche it droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. Les dtagrammes suivants iilustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 A ^/ COL, HENRY BOUQUET AND HIS CAMPAIGNS OF 1763 AND 1764. BY REV. CYRUS CORT, OF GREENCASTLE, FRANKLIN COUNTY, PA. LANCASTER, PA. STBIMMAN & HSNSKL, PRIIfTEBS. 1883. Entered According to Act of Congress, in tJie year 1883, by CYRUS COKT, In the Office of the Lihi-arlan ot Congress, at Washington All Kights Reserved. TO THE PRECIOUS MEMORY OF BEATRICE BYERLY, WHO ESCAPED PONTIAC'S CONFEDERATES AND BORE HER TENDER BABES THROUGH THE WILDERNESS FROM BUSHY RUN TO FORT LIGONIER, IN feS; WHO ORGANIZED AND CONDUCTED A SUN- DAY SCHOOL AT FORT WALTHOUR, IN WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, DURING THE DARK AND DANGEROUS DAYS OF THE REVOLUTION, AND WHO WAS A BLESS'NG TO HUNDREDS OF PIONEER SETTLERS BY HER DEEDS OF CHRISTIAN CHARITY AND PATRIOTIC DEVOTION DURING A LONG AND EVENTFUL LIFE ON THE FRONTIERS. THIS LITTLE VOLUME IS DEDICATED BY ONE OF HER GRATEFUL DESCENDANTS. THOUGH HEAVEN AI.ONE RECOROS THE TEAR, AND FAME SHALL NEVER KNOW HER STORY, HER HEART HAS SHEO A DROP AS DEAR AS E'ER QEDEWED THE FIELD OF GLORY.' ^S^^^^f^^ ^^^ rJf^^ 3si^'m / ^' TABLE OF CONTENTS. Introductt^Ol^. ..':.y. ' Bouquet's BiPrtFplace, 4 Bouquet Leaves Home 6 How he Spent Leisure Time, 7 Enters. Piitish Service— Royal Americans, 8 Goes lo Philadelphia, 9 Forbes' Expedition and Dispute with Washington, lo Bouquet in Command i6 Byerly at Bushy Run 1 7 Pontiac's Conspiracy, i8 Siege of Detroit, 20 Siege of Forts Pitt and Ligonier, 21 Flight of Byerlys to Fort Ligonier 23 Defence of Forts Ligonier and Bedford, 27 The Situation at Carlisle 30 The March to Bedford, 33 The March to Ligonier 34 Bushy Run Battle, 36 Report of First Day's Fight Near Bushy Run, 38 Second Day's Fight, August 6, 39 Bouquet's Report of Second Day's Fight 44 Ownership of Bushy Run Tract, 51 Evil Results of Provincial Apathy, 55 Massacre of School-master and Scholars, 58 Campaign of 1764, 61 Desertion of Provincial Troops, 62 Arrival at Fort Pitt, 63 The March into Ohio 63 Council on the Muskingum — Captives Restored, 64 Public Thanks to Bouquet, 72 Injustice and Ingratitude of Virginia, 73 Promotion to Brigadier, 74 Leaving for Pensacola — Will and Death 75 Bouquet's Grave Unknown, 78 A Monument Due Bouquet 81 Concluding Remarks, 83 Pontiac's Submission, . . . . , 84 His Assassination and its Expiation, 85 Westmoreland County Before and During the War, 88 Attack on Hannastown, 93 Addenda, 96 I ^^^ife^^^ai.,,^^!^ ^S^SiH^^ COL HENRY BOUQUET AKP HIS CAMPAIGNS OF 1763 AND 1764. INTRODUCTION. On the 26th of April 1883, a meeting was held in the arbitration room of the court house at Greensburg, West- moreland county, Fa., to considn the propriety of cele- brating the 1 20th anniversary of the victory of Col. Henry Bouquet at Bushy Run, August 5 and 6, 1763, over the Confederates of Pontiac. Ex-Lieut. -Gov. John Latta was called to the chair, and Gen'l Richard Coulter and Hon. Jacob Turney were elected Vice Presidents ; Maj. Jas. M. Laird, Frank Vo- gle and Curtis Gregg were chosen as Secretaries. By request of the meeting Rev. Cyrus Cort, a resident of Greencastle, Pa., but a native of Greensburg, Pa., was called upon to address the meeting, which he did for over half an hour, eulogizing the character and achievements of Bou(iuet and showing the far-reaching results of his de- cisive victory at Bushy Run. Rev. Cort read a letter from Hon. Joseph H. Kuhns, regretting his inability to be present and heartily approving the object of the meeting in its efforts to honor the memory of Bouquet, whose march and victory in 1763 were wonderful military achievements and did much to promote the rapid settle- ment of the west. On motion, Revs. J. \V. Love, VV. W. Moorehead, Lucien Cort and Philij) Kuhns, Dr. Kline and A. M. Sloan, Esq., car.. HENRY bouquht were appointed a committee to draft resolutions expressive of the .sense of the meeting. The foHowing were reported : Resolved, That in the jiulgnient of this meeting, it is emi- nently right and proper to commemorate the 120th anniversary of the victory of Col. Henry IJouquet over Pontiac's confederates at Bushy Run, August 5th and 6th, 1763. Resolved, That inasmuch as August 5th comes on Sunday this year, and inasmuch as all the interests of humanity and Christian civilization were promoted by the decisive victory of Boucpiet, we would respectfully suggest to the pastors of all of our churches in the town and county, the propriety of making such special reference to the anniversary, in their regular religious services, as in their judgment may be right and proper. Resolved, That the victory of Bouquet be commemorated Au- gust 6th, in the grove of the old Bushy Run battle-field, by a public celebration, embracing addresses, a poem, a military dis- play, pic-nic, dinner, &c. Resolved, That a committee of arrangements, to secure and prepare the grounds ; a committe on finance, to raise funds to defray necessary expenses of the celebration, and a committee to invite speakers, distinguished guests, military organizations, &c., be appointed. The resolutions were adopted and committees in ac- cordance appointed, as follows: Cominitee of Arrangements to Secure and Prepare Grounds for the Celebration. — Amos B. Kline, J. 13. Laux, Lewis Wanna- maker, E. F. Houseman, Lewis Gongaware, William Moore, Mr. Shadwick, Jos. Clark, Robert Bycrly, \Vm. G. Shust;r, Ab- ner Cort. Committee on Finance. — Jas. Gregg, Esq., Geo. F. Huff, Capt. J. J. Wirsing, Dr. Sowash, Wm. B. Skelly, Paul Lauffer, David Snyder, John Rankin, Sebastian Bacr, Esq., Hon. N. M. IVTarkcr, H.F. Ludwick, Esq., Hon, John Hugus, and George Plumcr Smith of Philadelphia. Committee on Invitation. — General R. Coulter, Hon. Jos. H. Kuhns, Hon. Jacob Turney, Hon. John Latta, IVLaJ. James M. Laird, G. D. Albert, Esq., John A. Marchand, Esq., Dr. Frank Cowan. The annexed resolution was likewise adopted: Resolved, That the chairmen of the three committees afore- said be an executive committee to fill all vacancies and have a jreneral oversight of the celebration. I 1 1 :-r/ .4XD nrs CAMPAIGNS. A discussion then took place in regard to the advisabil- ity of issiiin^f a pamphlet for popular circulation, giving a skelcii of Col. I?ou(piet and his canii)aigns. It was felt that such a work would form a very important factor in the celebration, and the sentiment of the meeting was that it should be issued without delay. Next day Rev. C. Cort received a letter from Gen. Richard Coulter, A. B. Kline,. Es(j., and James iiregg, Esf|., stat'ng that it was the sense of the meeting that a pamphlet, consisting of one hundred pages, should ' e prepared as soon as possible, containing a historical sketch of IJoucpiet and vill matters of colonial interest bearing especially on his campaign against the Confederates of Pontiac. These gentlemen, forming the Executive Committee of the celebration, also stated further that it was their wish that he (Rev. C.) should prepare the aforesaid pamphlet. This task was accepted as a labor of love, with the understanding that the writer would assume all pecuniary responsibilities, and that if any profits resulted from the sale of the book or pamphlet above necessary cost of publication, the pro- ceeds should be devoted to a fund for a monument to Bouquet As the time was limited, and the duties of a large and laborious pastoral charge devolved upon the writer, the work has been prei)ared in great haste, but with conscien- tious care and fidelity to the facts of history and reliable traditions. I would gratefully acknowledge my obliga- tions to writings of Francis Parkman, Geo. Harrison Fisher, C. W. Butterfield and the Penn'a Historical Soci- ty for valuable assistance in preparing this imperfect sketch of the best military man and one of the finest gentlemen and scholars of colonial times. May it helj) to rescue from oblivion the memory of a truly good and great man, whose heroic efforts saved our colonial ancestors from the tomahawk and scalping knife and established the suprem- acy of the Anglo Saxon race in the valley of the Mis- sissippi. Dr. Wm Smith's publication in 1765, and Dumas' sketch in 1769, form the basis of this present effort to preset the facts of his life for general circulaton. I 4 COL. HENRY BOUQUET At a mceliiig of the executive committee and ( ominit- tee on invitation, at which Rev. Cort was present, June 19th, it was decided to issue special invitations to the governors of Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia, to the British Minister, Swiss Consul, Gen. R. C. Drum, &c. Also that Rev. Samuel Wilson, D.l)., Gen. James A. Bea- ver, Hon. W. S. Stenger and W. U. Hensel, Esq., be in- vited to deliver addresses at the celebration on the battle- field, Aug. 6 ; Dr. Frank Cowan to read a poem, and Dr. Wm. H. Kgle to read a paper. May the skiei be bright and all things propitious. bouquet's BIRTH-i'LACE. Henry Bouquet, the subject of our sketch, was born at Rolle, a small Swiss town on the northern shore of Lakj Geneva in 17 19. This town at that time belonged to the Canton of Berne, one of the largest and most influential Can- tons of the Swiss Confederation. It now belongs to the Canton of Vaud, which is a part of French Switzerland, the dialect spoken being the Vaudois. 'J'he inhabitants since Reformation days have be.n chiefly members of the Re- formed church, and always ardent lovers of civil and :eli- gious liberty. They are noted for industry and intelligence. From this part of Switzerland comes a large proportion of the Swiss teachers and governesses to be met with in all parts of the world. Lansanne, the capital of the Canton Vaud, is pictur- esquely situated on the southern sloj)e of the Jura moun- tains and near the northern shore of Lake Geneva. It is distinguished for its religious, educational and scientific institutions. The beautiful Gothic Cathedral, begun in the loth and completed in the 13th century, adorns the city and helps to attract vast crowds of visitors from all parts of the world. Here Gibbon, the historiaii resided many years, and here he wrote the greater part of his great work on the " Decline and Fall of the Roman Em- pire." Here, in the western corner of Switzerland, between the Jura and the Bernese Alps, near the French borders, Henr) Bouquet first saw the light. Amid the most beau- Ti AM) ///s c.i.i//:i/(;.\'s. 5 tifiil scenery on the northern shores of the celebrated Lake (reneva whicli is fifty imUis long and eight wide, amid or- chards, vineyards and fertile farming and pasture lands, in full view of Mount Hlanc and the most inspiring Alp'P'j scenery he spent the formative days of childhood .»»'d youth.' All these left their impress upon his soul and aided greatly in forming the noble and heroic charp-ter which shone forth resplendintly in his future eventful career, both in the old world and the new. Little is known of the family of Bouquet, The Deutsche Pioneer of Cincinnati has contended that his family name was originally Sirai/ss from which it was cnanged into /iouquci, its French equivalent, when our hero had fairly begun his military career. This is certainly a mistake founded on mere conjecture based on the analogy of such changes as Schoenberg to Belmont, he. There is no reliable evidence to show that Bouquet ever changed his family name, mucli less to show that he had any special predilection for France or the French. The Vaudois peojile amongst whom he was born and reared have always spoken a French dialect, and in that language particularly he doubtless received his edu- cation. But it is a noteworthy fact that Bouquet always fought against France. Ke seemed to regard her as the representative of civil and religious despotism, and he gal- lantly fought against her under the banner of the govern- ment whi<:h for the time being best represented the cause and principles of constitution d liberty. I have before me a copy of Bouquet's last Will and Testament made June 5, 1765, from which I transcribe a clause, viz : " I giv'e and bequeath to my father, if then living, or after him to Colonel Lewis Bouquet and heirs all the effects of any nature whatsoever which ! may die possessed of in the Continent of Europe without excep- tion." This would indicate that Bouquet was the original and genuine family name, and not merely the i'esult of a capricious predilection for foreign terms. It would indi- ( ate also that the faniilv was not so obscure a<^ some have supposed. Mr. Koradi, the Swiss consul, has undertaken to gather data on this point which we hope will be on hand at an early day. .*Ni^.^c 6 COL. HENRY BOUQUET The war of American Independence which was loom- ing up at the time of Bou(;uet's death in 1765, and the fact that Col. Frederick Haldimand, his executor, and to a large extent the legatee of his American possessions re- mained loyal to King George III. in that struggle, pre- vented proper examination of these matters by those most interested in Bouquet's career over a hundred years ago. This accounts in a measure also for the obscurity and com- parative injustice connected with the treatment of Bou- quet by writers of Colonial history. A hundred and twenty years ago his name was a house- hold word in America, and the memory of his heroic deeds was cherished for a generation with fond ..ffection, by descendants of pioneer settlers whom he had rescued from the tomahawk of the red savages. Perhaps because he was a Swiss and gained his greatest distinction in the British service on Pennsylvania soil in Colonial times the muse of history and poetry has failed to embalm and j)er- pctuate his name and achievements in a more worthy and grateful manner. Be this as it may, the time has come when the grateful and intelligent descendants of pioneer Colonial settlers, and all public s])irited citizens are called upon to remedy the defect and rectify the wrongs or omissions of a cen- tury, as regards the memory of one of the very best men that trod this continent before our country became a free and independent republic. To this end I have begun this narrative as an aid to the forthcoming celebration of the one hundred and twentietli anniversary of the victory of Bou(|uet over the confederates of Pontiac at Bushy Run, Aug. 6, 1763. BOUQUET LEAVES HOME. Growing up amid the inspiring scenery of liberty loving Switzerland, Boucpiet sought a theatre more commensurate with his talents and aspirations than the narrow confines bounded uy his native Al|)s. In 1736 at the age of seven- teen he made his way along the historic Rhine \o the Low- lands of Holland and entered the service of the Dutch Republic, as a cadet in the Regiment of Constant. In AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 1738 he obtained the commission of an ensign in the same regiment. He thus began his career under the govern- ment that long had championed the cause oi civil and re- ligious liberty, and which was the forerunner of our own great Republic. The King of Sardinia, whose country borders on Switzerland near the home of Bouquet, became involved m a war with the combined forces of France and Spain, then leading powers of Europ'3. Bouquet entered the Sardinian service and distinguished hiinself greatly first as lieutenant, and afterwards as adjutant in several memorable and ably conducted campaigns. At the battle of Cony especially did he display great presence of mind and strategic talent in occupying a perilous position in such a way that his men were not aware of the imminent risk to which they were exposed. His very accurate and interesting accounts of these campaigns sent to Holland, attracted the attention of the Prince of Orange, and in- duced him to secure the services of Bouquet in the army of the Dutch Republic. He entered it m 1748 as captain commandant with the rank of lieutenant colonel of the Swiss guards, a regiment lately formed at the Hague. He was sent at once with Generals Burmannia and Cor- nabe to receive from the French the posts in the Low Countries about to be evacuated, and the prisoners of war given up to the Republic by France at the close of the war, according to the terms of the treaty of Aix-la-Cha- pelle. A few months later he accepted an invitation to accompany Lord Middleton in a tour through France and Italy. It is supposed that in his intimate associations with this nobleman. Bouquet gained his surprising knowl- edge of the English language which he wrote better than the great majority of English officers. HOW BOUQUET SPENT LEISURE TIME. On his return to the Hague, Bouquet devoted every moment not needed in the discharge of regimental duties, to the careful study of matters pertaining to military art and tactics, especially of the higher mathematics which forms their basis. At the Hague he always inoved in the ^1 I! f! li 8 COL. HENRY BOUQUET best society and cultivated the friendship of the learned Professors Hemsterhius, Keening and Allama"dand other leading men in every department of science. Instead of gambling and carousing as many military men are wont to do when off active duty, Bouquet always improved his leisure moments, by enlarging his acquisi- tions of knowledge. At Philadelphia he was a great favor- ite in the mc ' intelligent circles and enjoyed the confiden- tial friendsh. )f Chief Justice Allen, Benj. Chew, the Attorney General, Dr. Wm. Smith Provost of the Univer- sity and Bertram the Botanist. His tastes, like his talents, were of a high order. ENTERS BRITISH SERVICE. ROYAL AMERICANS. In 1754 war broke out between France and England on a scale that involved two continents. It was resolved to raise a corps under the name of Royal Americans con- sisting of four battallions each containing one thousand men. It was proposed to fill the ranks of this regiment by enlisting Protestant German and Swiss settlers in Penn- sylvania and Mrryland, who for the most part were un- able 1-0 speak or understand the English language. About $400,000 was voted for this purpose by Parlia- ment. Smollet, in speaking of these German and Swiss settlers says : " .-^ s they were all zealous Protestants and in general strong, hardy men accustomed to the climate, it was judged that a regiment of good and faithful soldiers might be raised out of them, particularly proper to oppose the French : but to this end it was necessary to appoint some officers, especially subalterns, who understood miH- tary discipline and could speak the German language ; and as a sufficient number of such could not be found among the English officers it was necessary to bring over and grant commissions to several German and Swiss officers and engineers. But as this step by the Act of Settlement could not be taken without the iuithority of Parliament, an act was now passed for enabling his majesty to grant com- missions to a certain number of foreign Protestants who had served abroad as officers or engineers to act and rank as officers or engineers in America only." .L\'f> HIS CAMPAIGNS. 9 Henry Bouquet and his intimate friend and countryman Frederick Haldiman were appointed lieutenant colonels of this Royal American Brigade, and as colonels command- ant each of a thousand men were placed on an equality with the colonel-in -chief. They were allowed to select subordinate officers especially for the artillery and engi- neer departments, and these were chosen with rare judg- ment, for the most part from the lately disbanded armies of the Dutch Republic. Hence it was that such gallant soldiers and good scholars as Ecuyer, a countryman of Bou- quet, obtained command in this famous regiment. Sir Joseph Yorke major general and English minister to the Dutch Republic was mainly instrumental in the creation of this body of troops and also in securing the services of such able continental commanders as Haldi- mand a -id Bouquet. Fifty of the officers might be foreign Protestants according to the Act of Parliament, while the enlisted men were to be raised principally among the (lerman settlers in America. Bouquet sailed for America in the summer of 1750, the year after Braddock's disastrous defeat. Lord Loudoun was colonel of the Royal American corps and commander- in-chief of the British army in America. Like some other British officers of Colonial days he was haughty and blust- ering in peaceful communities, bu<" very slow in facing the foe where actual danger and military duty called. As re- marked by a friend of Franklin, Loudoun was like the figure of St. George, painted on the sign boards — always on horseback but never riding on. BOUQUET GOES TO PHII, ADELPHI A. Under the orders of Londoun Bouquet first appears in Philadelphia late in the Fall of 1756, in command of 550 officers and men, cc v 'sting of a battallion of Royal Ame- ricans and two independent companies. A demand for comfortable quarters for the troops did not meet the re- sponse from the Assembly which the Governor and Brit- ish officers deemed proper, and considerable bad blood was stirred up, which, under a less judicious officer than >* ,0 COL. IJENHy HOUQUET Bouquet might have resulted disastrously to all concerned. The breach of faith on the part of the sheriff in laying the warrant for lodgings in private houses prematurely before the Assembly, almost led to a collision between the civd and military authorities. Had Londoun himself been present at Philadelphia it is probable that the sack and pillage of part of the city would have been the outcome of this dispute. During the remainder of the winter matters moved along smoothly, and Bouquet mingled in the best intellectual and social circles of the city. He was particu- larly intimate with the Shippen family, and formed a very tender attachment for a Miss Anne Willing, whose mother was a Shippen. He carried on a very interesting corres- pondence with this young lady, even amid the cares and turmoils of the camp, verifying in a measure the sentiment of the old Castillian song. '"Tis the spirit most gallant in war That is fondest and truest in love." In May, 1757, Bouquet was ordered to South Carolina with a detachment of Royal Americans. In Sej)temberhe wrote that his men were fast dying of the fever, and he seemed anxious for a more healthy location. In a quarrel that arose between Governor Lyttleton and the Assembly of South Carolina, Bancroft tells us that Boucpiet suc- cessfully acted the part of a conciliator. FORBES' EXPEDITION AND DISPUTE WITH WASHINGTON. Military matters were in a very lethargic state in America during 1756 and 1757? until Williiwn Pitt took the reins with a master hand and a giant's grasp. A change soon came ovei* the face of affairs. New Jersey, New York and New England were to assist in Northern campaigns against the French. Pennsylvania and the more Southern colo- nies v.'ere to aid in the conquest of the West, and finish the work in which Braddock so miserably failed three years previous. England was to provide arms, ammunition and tents, and even in the end, reimburse the colonies for all other expenses. With this expectation Pennsylvania went into the the campaign of 1758 with great earnestness . / i\D I Hi; CAMPAIGNS. I r and furnished 2,700 men for the expedition against Fort Duquesne. General John Forbes, a brave and meritorious Scotch officer, w:is placed in command. Bouquet was re-called from South Carolina with his Royal xVmericans and given charge of the First Division, while Colonel George Washington had command of the Second Division, Virginia having furnished 2,600 troops for the campaign. Bouquet was at Fort Bedford early in July, with a part of the forces in advance of the main army. Washington was at Fort Cumberland, 30 or 40 miles south of Bedford. July 25, he wrote Bouquet, ear- nestly advising that the expedition should advance at once by the Bradd'ock road from Cumberland, instead of de- laying to cut a aoad through the wilderness of Pennsylva- nia to Fort Duquesne. But Bouquet did not see it in that light. He thought that a new road was demanded by the exigencies of the situation. As a military necessity, and on account of other important considerations, he proposed to cut one by as short and direct a route as possible to the Loyalhannah creek. Washington bitterly opposed this, and some very sharp correspondence ensued on the sub- ject. Bouquet's motives have been impugned by some writers, and it has been asserted by Hildreth that the choice was made in the interest of Pennsylvania land specu- lators. But he adduces no evidence to prove his asser- tion. It is enough to know that Bouquet's route was nearly fifty miles shorter from Bedford to Duquesne than the Cumberland route. This would commend 't in a mili- tary point of view, and the subsequent couxse of events fully vindicated the wisdom of Bouquet in selecting it in sj)ite of the strenuous opposition of the Feather of our Country. Great and good as Washington was, or after- wards became, he was still human, and, as an ardent Vir- ginian, looked with a jealous eye upon any project that would tend to rob Virginia of her wonted prestige. His two older brothers were members of the Ohio Land Com- pany, whose interests were at stake in this affair. Besides the monopoly of the Indian fur traffic would pass from the hands of Virginia traders, if a more direct and rival route 12 COL. 'JbARV BOUQUET were opened up through the province ot Pennsylvania to the headwaters of the Ohio. Selfish considerations are ]ust as likely to have influenced the one side as the other. When we recollect the long contest for the Monongahela region and a large part of Westmoreland county as origi- nally constituted, reaching througn the dark days of the Revolution, even after the new road was made, we need not wonder at the jealousy and opposition of Virginians to any project or enterprise that would in the least jeopardize their supremacy in that coveted locality. Washington could not yield the point with a very good grctce. He predicted defeat and disaster to the expedi- tion. September i, he writes **A11 is dwindled into ease, sloth and fatal inactivity. Nothing but a miracle can bring the campaign to a happy issue." Bouquet convinced Forbes that the proposed new route was preferable, and Col. James Burd was sent forward to cut a way through the forest and erect a stockade at Loyaihannah. Col. Armstrong, who was a captain in this expedition, wrote under date of Raystown, (Bedford) October 3, 1758, to Richard Peters " The general (Forbes) came here at a critical and seasonable juncture ; he is weak but his spirit is good and his head clear, firmly determined to proceed as far as force and provisions will admit, which through divine favor will be far enough. * * * * * * * The Virginians are much chagrined at the opening of the road through this government, and Col. Washington has been a good deal sanguine and obstinate upon the occa- sion ; but the presence of the genera) (Forbes) has been of great use on this as well as other accounts. * * * Col. Bouquet is a very sensible and useful man ; not- withstanding had not the general come up the conse- quences would have been dangerous. * * * ■"' * * I leave this place to-day as does Col. Bouquet and some pieces of artillery." Bouquet gave very careful instructions to Col. Burd not to beat a drum or fire an unnecessary shot while cutting the road through the forest. In silence but with energetic dispatch the work was pushed forward. Nor did Bou- quet neglect to drill his troops and kcei) them well in hand %r-^.^ AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 13 I for the kind of fighting needed to cope with the denizens of the woods. " Every afternoon he exercises his men in the woods and bushes in a particular manner of his own invention which will be of great service in an engagement with the Indians," 's what Joseph Shippen wrote to his father from Bedford. In a letter to Chief Justice Allen, written on the day of arrival at Fort Duquesne, November 25, 1758, Bouquet attributes the success of the expedition in great part to the adoption of his route. Besides being much nearer Philadelphia, the base of supplies, the route secured the favor and co-operation of the Penns\ Ivania German far- mers on whom he had to depend for transportation and who would have been unwilling to leave their own province to follow the longer Braddock road. This contest was the beginning of the struggle for commercial supremacy which, with varying fortunes, has gone forward ever since and which now finds its leading champions in the Penn- sylvania Central and Baltimore and Ohio railroads. While we would not detract one iota from the fame and merits of Washington, and feel that under the circumstances it was quite natural for him to contend for what was mani- festly the interest of Virginia and the Ohio land company, we yet must say that the logic of events fully vindicated the course of Bouquet and Forbes in cutting a short and direct road to Fort Duquesne. As Pennsylvanians, at least, we should feel thankful to the firm and sagacious man who did so much to open u]) the western part of our state to settlement and put matters in the best possible shape for military defence along the borders. It was hard and slow work to open a wagon track through the dense forests and over towering moun- tains, but with an army of over 6,000 men, including many frontiersmen and woodsmen, now wa? the time to have it done if the campaign was to be a complete success. His- torians agree that thus twenty years were gained in the settlement of Western Pennsylvania. Forbes was a man of courage and sterling merit, and the fact that a com- mander such as he enuorsed the Loyalhannah route, is strong proof and presumption that Bouquet had the better 14 c oi. . hhnr y h'^ uq uht cause and better argument over against his indignant col- league, even the great and good Washington. It is very probable, however, that this dispute may have contributed to the neglect or disparagement of Boutpiet by biographers and historians, whose great object was to glorify the Father of our Country and present him as a hero and a sage under all circumstances, before as well as during and after the War of Independence. Forbes was a lion hearted old Scotchman. Weak and emaciated in body but dauntless in spirit, he had himself conveyed through the wilderness on a litter between two horses. He reached Bedford September 15, but remained there six weeks waiting for the openir j of the road. No- vember I, he arrived at the Loyalhannah. A stockade had been erected here by the road building party under Col. Burd by direction of Col. Bouquet. This had been assailed by the French and Indians, who made a deter- mined sortie from Fort Duquesne to surprise and cut off the advance guard and pioneers before the main body could come up to their relief. But the assault \yas re- pulsed and in consequence the Indians became discour- aged and left for their forest homes. A reconnoitering party of 800, mostly Highlanders under Maj. Grant had previously pushed forward from the Loyalhannah, and had gained possession of a hill in the rear of the Fort, but with strange infatuation they failed to improve their advantages and opportunities. Failing to advance and surprise the garrison and making an ostentatious display they were soon surrounded by the French and Indians who shot down their huddled ranks from behind trees and ravines like so many sheep. (Grant's Hill, in the centre of Pittsburg, marks the scene of this disastrous affray. A stand made by Coi. Lewis with Provincial troops pre- vented the annihilation of the impracticable Scotch officer and his Hi^^ihlanders who seemed to have learned nothing from Braddock's disaster or Bouquet's discipline. De Lig- nery cruelly gave up five of the piisoners captured in the route to be burned at the stake by the Indians and al- lowed the remainder to be tomahawked in cold blood on the narade ground of the fort. A.\D HIS CAMPAIGNS. 15 Washington was directed to open the last fifty miles of the road between the Loyalhannah and Fort Duquesne. On the 24th of November, 1758, Forbes and his army were encamped at Turtle Creek, near the scene of Brad- dock's defeat three years before. Provisions, forage, &c., were so nearly exhausted that some advised a retreat, but the " iron-headed " old Scotch- man, as Forbes was called, would listen to no such talk, but announced his intention of sleeping in the fort on the next night. That same evening a great smoke was seen ascending in the direction of the fort, and at midnight the camp was startled by the jar of a great explosion. The French had evacuated the post and had set fire to the magazine. They resolved to destroy what they despaired of defending. The last of their troops had embarked in boats and were seen hurrying down the Ohio as the British army ajjproached. The Highlanders were infuriated by the sight of the heads of slaughtered countrymen impaled on stakes along the race course as they neared the fort. These were vic- tims of Grant's defeat. As one has said who was present, " foaming like mad boars, engaged in battle, they rushed madly on with hope to find an enemy on whom to accom- plish retribution." But the detested foe was gone, and gone forever was French power and prestige at the forks of the Ohio. A scjuare stockade was built and placed in charge of Colonel Hugh Mercer with 200 men. Next year a fort was at considerable cost erected on the ruins of the old fort by General Stanwix and named Fort Pitt, in honor of the" English statesman, whose energetic policy had secured British supremacy in the Nev World. Pitts- burgh was laid out at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. As early as April 1761, there were 162 houses, 221 men, 73 women and 38 children in the young town of Pittsburgh, according to the returns made to Colonel Bouquet. The capture of Fort Duquesne and the opening of the new road, proved as great a blessing to the people of Pennsylvania as Bouquet and his friends had predicted. The army speedily returned to their homes. Forbes was i6 (OL IIESRY liOLKJUHT borne to Philadelphia, where ho died a tew weeks later, and was buried with great honor in Christ church. The following extract from a letter to his lady friend at Philadelphia, written on the day of the army's arrival at the fort, shows the high estimate in which Bouquet held his hoary-headed chief : Fort Duquesne, Nov. 25, 1758. Dear Nancy. — I have the satisfaction to announce to you the agreeable news of the conquest of this terrible fort. The French, seized with a panic at our appioaca, have destroyed themselves; — that nest cf Pirates which has so long harboured the murder- ers and destructors of our people. They have burned and de- stroyed to the ground their fortifications, houses and magazines, and left us no other cover than the heavens — a very cold one for an army without *:ents and equipages. We bear all this hardship with alacrity, by the consideration of the immense ad- vantage of this important acquisition. The glory of our success must, after God, be allowed to our general, who, from the be- t:inning, took those wise measures whiv,h deprived the French of their chief strength, and by a treaty at Easton kept such a num- ber of Indians idle during the whole campaign and procured a peace with those inveterate enemies more necessary and benefi- cial than the driving of the French from the Ohio. His prudence in all his measures in the numberless difficulties he had to sur- mount deser\'es the highest praises. BOUQUET IN COMMAND. Bouquet was now in command and by judicious confer- ences with the Delaware Indians and energetic manage- ment, he soon restored peace and tranquility to the bor- ders, sc that the pioneer settlers met with little disturbance during the remainder of the French war. Four thousand settlers, who had left their homes in terror during the past few years, i ' consequence of the ravages that succeeded the defeat of Braddock and the cowardly retreat of Dun- bar, now returned. Bouquet, with his Royal Americans, garrisoned the forts and posts, reaching fro.n Philadelphia via Carlisle, Bedford, Fort Pitt, Lake p:iie, Sandusky, &c. to Detroit. This regiment, largely '^omposed of recruits from the German and Swiss settlers of Pennsylvania and AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 17 Maryland, as we have seen, held the outposts of civiliza- tion in the midst of savage beasts and savag- men for seven years. Communication was kept up largely by ex- press riders, who, taking their lives in their hands, rode rapidly from post to post. BYERLY AT BUSHY RUN. Andrew Byerly was induced to establish a relay station for these express riders at Bushy Run, midway between Fort Pitt and Fort Ligonier, He received a grant of sev- eral hundred acres of land from Col. Bouquet and the proprietary government, on which he erected buildings suitable for his purpose. Here, with his second wife and a young and growing family, he settled down in the midst of the wilderness, at the end of the Penn Manor, intend- ing to carve out a home for hir, children. He cultivated friendly relations with the surrounding Indians and was soon well established, with a valuable herd of milk cows and other comforts of civilization. Here Bouciuet spent many a pleasant hoiir in his trips to and from Fort Pitt. Ecuyer was also on friendly terms with the family. Mrs. Byerly, whose maiden name was Beatrice Guldin, had emigrated from the Canton of Berne, in Switzerland, the home of Bouquet. They often con- versed about the lakes and the Alps, and friends in the far away land of their nativity, and contrasted those peace- ful scenes and associations with the rough experiences of pioneer life in the new world. Byerly was a baker by profession, and seems always to have been a favorite with military m.en. He had erected one of the very first inns ever built in Lancaster, Pa., where he resided for a long while and buried his first wife. He had baked for Braddock's army at Fort Cumberland; and, backed by Maj. George Washington, had beaten a Catawba warrior in a foot race, on a wager of thirty shillings, which was intended to test the relative prowess and fleetness of the two racc-i. Afterwards he rt.noved to Fort Bedford, where he baked for the British garrison and where his son Jacob, a grcat-;:;rand-father of the writer, was born in 1760. The 1 8 COL. HH\RY HOUQUHT garrison being small, it was not long before he located at IJiishy Run, by the spec; ;1 favor and protection of Col. IJouquet, on a very desirable gran* along the Forbes road. The letters, written during thi:; interval of garrison duty, from Fort Pitt, Bedford, Lancaster, e^c, to his lady friend in Philadel^ lia, show how irksome a life of inactivity was to this man of action and of thought, and how lioucpiet felt isolated among the rude soldiers and uncouth fron- tiersmen with whom he came in da..y contact. As one who knew him well has written, " He was a man of sci- ence and sense." He delighted to associate with peojjle of intelligence and culture. He had no tastes for the vulgar pastimes and pursuits that usu 'lly occupy the time and attention of military men, when off duty, among a rude population. Bouquet was always a welcome guest and visitor at By- erly Station, on Bushy Run, and here he seemed to unbend himself amid congenial social surroundings. His name and memory has always been cherished in the ]?yeriy fam- ily as a precious heirloom— as a sacred legacy handed down with the benedictions of a pious and grateful ancestress. \\ '■■ PONTIAC S CONSF'IRACV, The reign of peace and prosj)crity, which was causing the wilderness to rejoice and blossom as the rose, came to a sudden close in the sj)iing of 1763. The French 'garri- sons had been driven out of Canada and all their fort's and posts along the St. I -^wrence, the Lnkes, the Ohio, the Ilhnois and the Mississippi had fallen into the hands of the English as a result of the capture of Fort l)u(iuesne and Quebec. The Indians lamented tlie change and their spirit of discontent was fanned into a flame by disappointed French traders who led th credulous savages to believe that the great king of France would soon drive out the English and recover his lost dominion. Their easy social habits and greater tendency to enter into matrimonial re- lations always made the French special favorites with the red man and his daughters. Pontiar, the great chief of the Ottawas on the shores of AND HIS CAMrAIGSa. 19 Lake Michigan, became the powerful exponent and cham- pion of the spirit of hostility against the English. He was indeed a remarkable man. He originally be- longed to the Catawba Indians. Having been captured when a child and adopted by the Otta^vos, he bccpnie not only the war chief but also the Sachem, or civil ruler, of his tribe by force of superior courage and ability. He led a band of Ottawas and bore a leading part in the defeat of Ikaddock in 1755, along with Charles J.rnglade and other Lake Indians. Tae conduct of the BiiMsh troops on that occasion caused him to hav.- great contempt for the red coatp, and he fancied that with one bold push they might be driven east of the mountains, if not into the sea. With great craft and secrecy he laid his plans to surprise all the English forts and posts east of the mountains and massacre their Royal American gar^iions. Pontiac was a born leader and had that magnetism and force of charac- ter that fitted him for the difficult and dangerous role that he resolved to play in order to restore the supremacy of the red men on the American continent. War belts had been sent among the different tribes and a general willing- ness manifested to unite ii. one mighty effort to exterminate the English. Kiashuta or C.uyasutha, a head chief of the Senecas, marshalled a part of the Five Nations to unite with t'.'* Delawares and neighboring tribes in destroying *he garrison at Fort Pitt and the smaller posts in Western Pennsylvania. But Pontiac was the leading spirit of the general movement. April 27, 1763, he held a great coun- cil on the b.^nks of the river Ecorer,, near Detroit. With fierce gestures and loud, impassioned voice he denounced the English for their injustice, rapacity and arrogance. He compared and contrasted their conduct with that of the French who had always treated them as brothers. He exclaimed " the red coats have conquered the French but they have not con(piered us. We are not slaves or squaw's, and as long as the Creat Spirit is ruler we will maintain our rights. 'I'hese lakes and 'hese woods were given us by our fathers, and ^re wii, part with them only with our lives." He assured the coi-.ncil that their great father, the King of France, would soon come to their aid to win back C-^nada, and wreak vengeance on his enemies. 20 CO/,. ilHNHY BOUQUET !( II "The Indian.; and their French brethren would fight once more side by side as they had always fought ; they would strike the English as they had struck them many moons ago, when their great army marched down the Mononga- hela, and they had shot them from ambush like a flock^of pigeons in the woods." The eloquence of Pontiac, backed by the harangues of other chiefs, carried everything before it. It was agreed that a deadly blow should be struck at all the forts in the following month. Eighteen nations, or leading Indian tribes, entered into the conspiracy of which Pontiac was the head centre. The adopted Catawba lad, far from his native haunts, had become the master spirit of his race. His bugle call i allied the dusky sons of the forest from the Mississijipi to the Alleghanies in one fierce phalanx of savage hostility to the red-coated British. Difterenl parts were assigned to different leaders. The general plan was to surprise and capture the garrison and destroy the forts m the neighborhood of the respective tribes and then fall like a tomado upon the defenceless settlements with fire and tomahawk. So well kept was the secret that the storm of war came like a thunderbolt from a clear sky. Nine forts and posts were captured by strategem or assaulr. and their garrisons for the most part massacred. Thus fared Le Boeuff Ve- nango, Presque Isle on Lake Erie, Le Bay on l.akc Michigan St. Joseph's, Miami, Ouachtanon, Sanduskv and Machinaw. These, with the larger and stronger forts o. Detroit, Niagara and Fort Pitt, were all attacked at about the same time. SIEGE OF DETROIT. The most difficult task of all. the capture of Detroit Pontiac took ,n hand himself. And, no doubt, he would have succeeded at once had not his plans been betrayed by an Indian maiden to Major Gladwyn, who wns in com- mand of that important stronghold. He was forced to the alternative of a regular siege, in which he displayed won- derful fertility of resources. Several parties sent to the :* . AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 21 relief of the besieged garrison were surprised and cut off. Vessels were boarded by the savages from their canoes ; immense fire rafts w.ere floated down the river to destroy the ships of the English. The impetuous Dalzell, a friend of Putnam, and an aid of Amherst, heading a sortie or night attack upon the forces of Pontiac, was himself am- buscaded and slain with fifty-eight of his men. A thou- sand warriors surrounded the fort at Detroit, but Major Gladwyn had 300 good soldiers in the fort, and was pro- tected by armed vessels at anchor on the river front. Pontiac 's greatest difficulty was in securing provisions for such an immense horde of savages. A currency of birch bark with Pontiac's stamp was employed in obtaining sup- plies from neutral French settlers and neighboring tribes. To his lasting honor let it be recorded that Pontiac saw to it that every piece of birch bark that bore his sign- manual was fully redeemed after the war. Not a few white individuals and communities are put to shame by the integrity, sacrifice and fidelity of the great Ottawa chief- tain. He had the vices of his race, no doubt, to some extent, but their noblest virtues of courage, patience, for- titude, honesty and magnanimity were well illustrated in his character. Had he succeeded in reducing Detroit and precipitating his vast horde of besiegers upon Fort Pitt, there is little doubt but that it would have fallen and the English been driven to the sea. Fortunately for the provinces, the great leader of the conspiracy was foiled and detained in his efforts to cap- ture Detroit until Bouquet had routed his Eastern Con- federates on the bloody field at Bushy Run, after the best contested Indian battle ever fought in the wilds of America. SIEGE OF FORT PITT AND LIGONIER. And now let us turn to this, the main object of oiir sketch. As intimated before, the Indian uprising of 1763 was a great surprise to the military and civic .authorities of the land. It is true that there were signs of outbreak, but nobody dreamed that it would assume such vast propor- tions and be fraught with such direful consequences. The li 22 COL. HENRY BOUQUET I li ill •if traders, who are supposed to understand Indian character and intentions better than any other class, were mostl)- caught in the whirlwind of d saster and overwhehned by the suddenness of the outbreak. It was stated in the journals of that day that over one hundred traders lost their lives, and that property lost by them among the In- dians or taken at the capture of the interior posts amounted to about two and a-half millions of dollars. So great a loss seems hardly possible. f^ort Pitt at this time was in charge of Captain Simeon Ecuyer, a brave and skillful Swiss officer, like Bouquet himself. On the 4th of May, 1763, he wrote Bouquet that " Maj. Gladwyn writes to me that I am surrounded by rascals. He complains a great deal of the Delawares and Shawa- noes. It is i\\\'s, canaille who stir up the rest to mischief." On the 27th a party of Indians encamped near the fort and offered to trade a great quantity of valuable furs for bullets, hatchets, gunpowder, ^x. They were looked upon with suspicion. On the 29th of May Ecuyer wrote an important letter to Bouquet, which seems to have been about the last that got through before communication was cut off ; for on the 17th of June Lieutenant Blane, com- manding at Fort Ligonier wrote Bouquet that he had heard nothing from Fort Pitt since May 30. No further tidings were received until Bouquet cut his way throuirh in August. ^ The following is Captain Ecu -'s letter in full, a copv of which, in the original French, as well as an English translation, has been kindly furnished the writer by Francis Parkman, the historian of Pontiac, &:c. c A , ^^^'^ VvvY, May 29, 1763. SIR.— A large party of Mingoes arrived at the beginning of the rnonth and gave up to us ton horses of poor quality xliev asked me for presents, but I refused everything they had to otTcr except eight merits of Indian corn, ( i. e.: 24 bushels, C. C, ) which they planted opposite Crognns' house, where they have built a town. In the evening of the day before yesterday, Mr. McKee reported to me that the Mingoer and Delawares were in motion and had sold m a great hurry skins to the value of /soo. with which they bought as much powder and lead as they pfeascd! ^ esteiday I sent him to their towns to get information, but he AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 23 fuund them entirely abai.doneJ, and followed their trail and si certain that they have gone down the river, which makes me think that they want to interrupt our boats and close the passage against us. They stole three horses and a cask of rum at Bushy Run. They even robbed a man named Coleman of ^50, ( on the Bedford load, ) holding their guns against his body. I am assured that the famous Wolfe and Butler were the chiefs ; it is clear that they want to break with us. I pity the poor people on the communication. 1 am at work to put this post in the best position possible with the few people I have. Just as 1 was finish- inp- my letter, three men came from Clapham's with the melan- choly news that yesterday, at three o'clock in the afternoon, the Indians murdered ^lapham and everybody in his house. These three men were at work outside and escaped through the woods. I gave them arms and sent them to aid our people at Bushy Run. The Indians have told Byerly ( at Bushy Run ) to leave his house within four days, or he and all his family would be murdered. I tremble for the small posts. As for this one, I will answer for it. S. ECUYER. If you do not often get letters from me, it will be a proof that the communication is cut. To Colonel ^ioiiqnet. From this time until the tenth of August, the garrison was cooped up in the fort, and communications cut off. THE FLIGHT OF THE BYERLYS TO FORT LIGONIER. Let US take another look at Bushy Run before we dwell upon the siege of Fort Pitt. As Ecuyer states, Byerly had received warning, but his family was in no condition to be moved. Mrs. Byerly had just been confined and the departure was delayed as long as possible, indeed until certain death was imminent if the flight should be any longer postponed. Byerly had gone with a small party (perhaps Clapham's men referred to above) to bury some persons who had been killed at some distance from his station. A friendly Indian who had often received a bowl of milk and bread from Mrs. Byerly came to the house after dark and informed the family that they would all be killed if they did not make their escape before daylight. Mrs. Byerly got up from her sick couch and wrote the tidings on the door of the COL. HENRY BOUQUET III house for the information of her husband when he should return. A horse was saddled on which the mother with her tender babe three days old in her arms was placed, and a child not two years old was fastened behind her. Michael Byerly was a good sized lad, but Jacob was only three years old and had a painful stone bruise on one of his feet. With the aid of his older brother who held him by the hand and sometimes carr^ ed him on hij back, the little fellow, however, managed to make good time through the wilderness to Fort Ligcnier about thirty miles distant. But although he reached his ninety-ninth year he never forgot that race for life in his childhood, nor did he feel like giving quarters to hostile Indians, one of whom he killed on an island in the Alleghany in a fight under Lieutenant Hardin in 1779, although the - vage begged foi quarters. Milk cows were highly prized by frontier families in those days, and the Byerly family made a desperate effort to coax and drive their small herd along to Fort Ligonier. But the howling savages got so close that they were obliged to leave the cattle in the v/oods to be destroyed by the Indians, Byerly in some way eluded the Indians and joined his family in the retreat. They barely escaped with their lives. The first night they spent in the stock- ade, and in the morning the bullets of the pursuers struck the gates as the family pressed into the fort. Here they were compeUed to remain two months, exposed to great privations and repeateo assaults of Indians. Fort Pitt would have been nearer and preferable as a place of safetv had it been possible to reach it. As it was they had t> choose the longer road ?-id the weaker fort as the only chance of escape frc 11 the red demons. At Fort Pitt Capt. Ecuyer put everything in the best possible shape for defence. The garrison consisted of 330 soldier, traders and backwoodsmen, who were armed and drilled for the emergency. There were also about one hundred women in the fort and a still greater number of children. "A hospital was constructed under the drawbiidge, out of range of musket shot, for patients suffering from small- pox, and the cai)tain was very apprehen.sivc that discn-.e »m.m AND ." 'AMPAIGNS. 25 would break out in cpiuLUiic form as a result of the over- crowded I ondition of tlie fort. He seemed to have no fear of ksing ttie fort. A letter, written at the time, says, " we are in such a good posture of defence that with God's assistance we can defend it against a thousand Indians." Careful preparation was made for an attack. Buildings outside of the ramparts were levelled to the g-.ound, and every morning at an hour before dawn the drum beat and the troops were ordered to their alarm posts. A heavy guard was kept on duty night and day. " I am deter- mined to hold my post, spare my men and never expose them without necessity. This is what I think you require of me," wrote the brave and judicious Ecuyer to Bouquet. It was next thing to death to expose a head on the ram.- parts, or to wander outside the fortification. Lurking savages were at hand to pick off the unwary. On the 25th of June, the Indians captured a lot of horses and cattle, belonging to the fort. A general fire was then opened on the fort from all sides. A discharge of howitzers threw them into confusion and made them act more cautiously. Next morning, Turtle Heart, a Dela- ware chief, approached the fort in the guise of friendship, and advised the commander and garrison to withdraw and take the women and children down to the English settle- ments, in order to escape destruction from the six great nations of Indians, who were coming to destroy them. He promised that they would be protected in makinp; their escape. This was the ruse by which so many traders and smaller posts had been deceived and finally treacherously murdered after they hau given up their arms. But Ecuyer was not to be caught with such chaff. He replied in a very ironical way, thanking the Delaware brothers for their great kindness, and assuring them that he ai.d his troops could hold the fort against all the Indians that dared to attack it. " We are very well off in this place, and we mean to stay," said he. He then told them in confidence that two great armies were coming, one from the East and the other from the Lakes, to destroy the bad Indians, while the Cherokees and Catawbas, their old enemies. 26 COL. HENRY BOUQUET \ ti were joining a third army in Virginia to destroy them. This speech seemed to have a demoralizing effect upon the savages, who withdrew for a season to meet a large body of warriors approaching from the west. During this interval Ensign Price, from Fort Le Boeiif, entered Fort Pitt with his command of a dozen men, who had gallantly defended their little post until it was in flames from burn- ing arrows and had then cut their way out of the rear and escaped after great |)eril and suffering. The names of this detachment of Royal Americans, as far as given, indi- cate their German descent, viz. : Fisher, Nash, 1 )ogood, Nigley, Dortinger and Trunk. Captain Ecuyer strength- ened his defences with a line of palisades, and constructed a rude fire engine to extinguish flames caused by the burning arrows of the Indians shot against the sides and roofs of wooden buildings. July 26, a small party of In- dians came to parley, under the lead of Shingas and Turtle Heart. They professed great affection for the whites, and great concern for their safety. The Ottawas were coming in great force from Detroit to destroy the garrison, and they begged their white brothers to depart while it could be done in safety. Ecuyer replied that he could defend the fort for three years against all the Indians in the woods, and that he would never abandon it as long as a white man lived in America. He despised the Otta- was, and warned his Delaware brothers to keep out of reach of his bombshells and cannon loaded with a whole bag full of bullets. Thwarted in their crafty and treach- erous schemes by which they had succeeded in destroying Lieutenant Gordon and his entire command at Venango, the Indians began a general attack in earnest. Many of them dug holes in the river banks, from which to fire on the fort, and from all sides bullets and arrows flew thick and fast. The Royal Americans and border riflemen from their loopholes drew a bead on every Indian that exposed his person in the least. Ecuyer was wounded in the leg by an arrow, but kept up the hopes and spirits of his men, while at the same time he refused to let them sally forth to engage in a hand to hand conflict with the savages, as many of them proposed to do. The attack lasted five AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 27 days and five nights. Ecuver si)eaks with great admira- tion of the conduct of his men — " reguhirs and the rest." " I am fortunate to have the honor of commanding such brave men. I only wish the Indians had ventured an assault. They would have remembered it to the thou- sandth generation." Bouquet wrote General Amherst, August II, in terms of high praise of Ecuyer for the defence of the fort and the important additions made to the fortifications during the investment. In various letters, written from the fort immediately after the siege was raised, it is stated that " to a man they were resolved to defend the position ( if the troops had not arrived) as long as any amunition and provisions to sup- port them was left ; and that then they would have fought their way through or died in the attempt, rather than have been made prisoners by such perfidious, cruel and blood- thirsty hell-hounds. Some of the w^omen in the fort, it is said, helped to defend the place. Many express-riders going to and from the garrison have been killed." DEFENCE OF FORT LIGONIER At Fort Ligonier matters were even more critical than at Fort Pitt. The stockade was bad and the garrison extre- mely weak but Byerly and a few other frontier settlers had made their way into it witL their families and helped to re- pulse the assaults of the savages. Lieutenant Archibald Blane with a detatchment of Royal Americans was in com- mand, and conducted the defense with great courage and practical tact. On the 4th of June Blane writes : '' Thursday last my garrison was attacked by a body of Indians, about five in the morning ; but as they only fired upon us from, the skirts of the woods, I contented myself with giving them three cheers, without spending a single shot upon them. But as they still continued their popping upon the side next to the town, I sent the sergeant of the Royal Americans with a proper detachment to fire the houses, which effectually dis- appointed them in their plan." On the 17th, he writes to Bouquet, "I hope soon to see yM m % i 28 COL. HENRY BOUQUET yourself and live in daily hopes of a reinforcement. Sunday last a man stragj^lin-; out was killed by the Indians. * * 1 believe the communication between Fort Pitt and this place is entirely cut off, not h-aving heard from them since the thirtieth of May, though two expresses have gone from Bedford to that post." On the 21st the Indians made a serious attack for two hours, A small party of fifteen men were so exceedingly an.vious to have a closer tilt with the savages that the lieutenant finally yielded to their entreaties to let them out to attack some Indians that showed themselves at a little distance. As it turned out this was only a decoy to entrap them. About a hundred savages lay in ambush by the side of the creek about four hundred yards from the fort ; and just as the party was returning near where they lay, the savages rushed out to cut them oli and would have succeeded in doing so had it not been for a deep morass which intervened. Foiled in this movement, more by natural obstacles then by the judg- ment or sagacity of the v,rhites, the Indians immediately began an attack upon the fort and fired upwards of a thou- sand shots without doing any special damage. Bouquet was deeply concerned for the safety of Fort Ligonier, for on its preservation depended the safety of Fort Pitt and his own army of deliverance. A large quan- tity of military stores were in the magazines at Ligonier, with which the Indians might have blown up Fort Pitt or reduced Bouquet's troops to the greatest extremities. A picked party of thirty Highlanders was sent by a circu- itous route through the woods traveling by night at their utmost speed under the escort of experienced guides. They got close to the fort without being discovered and then by a sudden rush and a running fight they managed to get in without losing a man. This was a timely relief and ensured the safety of the post until the main body could arrive. Next to Ligonier in the line of communication came Fort Bedford, at a distance of fifty miles across the mount- ains and through the wilderness. Captain Lewis Ourry was in command here with a mere handful of Royal Ameri- cans. On the thir^ of June he wrote Bouquet that owing I AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 29 to the arrival of express riders, ( who were generally sold- iers sent from one post to another at the peril of their lives,) his regulars were increased to "three corporals and nine privates " But he had a large body ot settlers who, fright- ened by depredations of the Indians in the neighborhood, rushed pell-mell to the fort. These he organized into two military companies, aggregating 150 men. Over one hun- dred families had .ought refuge.at the tort. When the scare was over for the time being the silly people would ven- ture out in small squads, and many were thus cut off and slain by scalping parties of skulking savages. June seventh ho writes, "I long to sec my Indian scouts come in with intelligenc:e ; but 1 long more to hear the Grenadiers march and see more red-coats." Ten days later the country people in fancied security had returned to their i,lintation so that Ourry was left alone with a garrison of only twelve Royal Americans, who had not only to guard the fort but likewise take care of seven Indian prisoners. He writes to Bouquet : "I should be very glad to see some troops come to my assistance. A fort with five bas- tions cannot be guarded much less defended by a dozen men, but I hope God will protect us." The killing and scalping of some families on Denning's creek threw the settlers into a panic again, and in a few days the imjitia were back frcm their farms and with difficulty could be prevented from murdering the Indian prisoners. Ourry feared that the Indians, despairing of taking Fort Pitt, would fall upon and destroy the smaller posts and ravage the settlements, which they doubtless would have doije had Boucpiefs advance l)een much longer delayed. July 2d, about twenty Indians attacked a party of mowers and killed several of them. Eighteen persons in all were killed near Fort Bedford. July 3, Ourry received word from Blane of the loss of Presque Isle on Lake Erie, Le- boeuf, Venango. &c., which he sends to Bouquet with the intimation that Blane had entertained some idea of evacu- ating or capitulating Fort Ligonier. Bouquet replied : " 1 shivered when vou hinted to me Lieut. Bl — 's inten- tions. Death and 'infamy would have been the reward he would expect i.^.^^ead of the honor he has obtained by his ij* -^r^=^ * 4 -.. 30 COL. HENRY BOUQUET prudence, courage and resolution. * * This is a most trying time. * * You may be sure that all the expedi- tion possible will be used for the relief of the few remain- ing posts." Parkman remarks on the above letter : " Bououet had the strongest reason for wishing that Fort Ligonier should hold out. As the event showed its capture would proba- bly have entailed the defeat and destruction of his entire command." THE SITUATION AT CaRT.ISI-F„ Bouquet had his headquarters in Philadelphia as Colonel of the first battallion of Royal Americans at the time of the outbreak of Pontiac and his confederates. His Royal Americans, broken into detachments, had held the line of forts and posts between that place and Detroit for over six years. As military hermits they held the outposts of civilization in the Western wilderness. Bouquet, as we have seen, was held in high esteem in Philadelphia. He was in the prime of life, had a fine personal pres- ence, splendid physique and extraordinary ([ualities of mind and heart. " Firmness, integrity, calmness, pres- ence of mind in the greatest of dangers — virtues so essen- tial to a commander, were natural to him. His presence inspired confidence and impressed respect, encouraged his friends and confounded his foes." Such is the esti- mate given of Bouquet by some of the best men of the provinces who knew him well. He promptly re])orted the situation to General Amherst as Kcuyer had informed him in letters written at the end of May. The haughty and arrogant Briton could not believe that the despicable savages would be so audacious as to besiege his forts or attack regular troops of equal numbers with their own. It is amusing to read his brag and bluster and to mark the change wh' :h in some respects seems to come over the spirit of Ins dream as the campaign progresses. Bouquet evidently knew his weak and strong i)oints and knew how to secure his hearty co-operation in measures necessary to the success of the beleaguered garrisons. AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 31 lune 2\ Amherst ordered Major Campbell to proceed at once from New York to Philadelphia with the remains of the 42d Regiment of Royal Highlanders, and of the 77th Montgomery's Highlanders; the first cons.stmg of two hundred and fourteen men, mcludmg officers, and the lat- ter of one hundred and thirty-three. These troops had iust h-nded from the West Indies and were in a very ema- ciated condition, most of them really unfit for service. The remains of five more such regiments arrived from Havana July 29, numbering in all nine hundred and eighty- two -vien and officers fit for duty ; but by this time bou- c.uci was bevond Fort Bedford. Amherst seemed incap- able of comprehending the magnitude of the danger.^^ '♦ If you think it necessarv " he writes to Boucpiet you will youself proceed to Fort Pitt i t you may be better enabled to put in execution the requisite orders for secur- ing the communication and reducing the Indians t... rea- son " Boucpiet was not the man to shirk duty or danger in such a crisis. With all the enegy of his ardent and indomitable nature he threw himself into the work of pre- paring an expedition for the relief of the invested forts and the exposed frontiers. He sent forward orders for the collection of stores and transportation at Carlisle as soon as the outlook became serious. , •, j 1 After making the necessary arrangements at Philadel- l)hia, he hastened toward Carlisle. At Lancaster he writes to Amherst exi)ressing confidence in his ability to open up communication with the troops sent to his assistance. Amherst replies " I wish to hear of no prisoners, should any of the villains be met with in arms." On the 3d of July Bou(piet received what he calls the " fatal account of the loss of our posts at Presque Isle, Leboeuf and Ve- nango." The express rider who brought the message from Bedford came through in one day. He told the dis- astrous news to the country people who flocked about him and remarked, as he rode towards BoiKpiet's tent, " the In- dians will be 'lere soon." All was consternation and alarm. Word was sent out to the settlements and soon every road was filled with panic-stricken fugitiv es crowding into Carlisle. The In- I! 32 COL. UEiSRY liOLK^'JET dians were raiding through the Juniata regions and along the borders of the Cumberland valley. A scouting i)arty found Shearman's valley laid v»-aste, the dwellings and stacked grain on fire, and swine devouring the bodies of slaughtered settlers. Twelve young men went to warn the i)eoi)le of the Tuscarora valley. Th<'y found the work of ruin in full blast already and fell into an ambush in wh'ch they were nearly all killed. The country between the mountains and the Susciue- hanna was abandoned. Two thousand families left their homes and fled to the forts and larger towns for protec- tion. A letter written from Carlisle, July 5, 176; gives us an idea of the terrible panic which existed. '' Nothing coi-.ld exceed the terro' which prevailed from house to house and from town o town. The road was near covered with women and children flying to Lancaster and Philadelphia. The Rev. , ])astor of the K[)iscopal church, went at the head of his congregation to protect and encourage ihem on the way. A few retired to the breastworks for safety. The alarm once given could not be apj^eased. We have done all that men can do to ])revent disorder. All our hopes are turned ui)on Bouquet." Instead of finding suj)- plies at hand for his troops and for the rciicf of the forts, Bouquet found a vast crowd of desjjairntg and starving peoi)le, while crops were being burnt and mills destroyed on all sides. July 13th, Bouipiet wrote Amherst from Carlisle as follows : " The list of the people, known to be kiiled, increases very fast every hour. The desolation of so many fatnilies reduced to the last extremity of want and misery ; the de- spair of those who have lost their parents, relations and friends, with cries of distracted women and children who fill the streets — form a scene painful to humanity and im- possible to describe." To procure precisions, horses and wagons unde." the circumstances was indeed a her:^ulean task. A few friendy Indians at the fort he with difficulty saved from the fury of the mob of rustics. Instead of helping him forward the settlers were rather a drawback and in- cumbrance, and had to be fed from the public crib. ■ fisa i ii w AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 33 THE MARCH TO BEDFORD. However, in i8 days after his arrival at Carlisle, by iudidoura^d energetic measures, a convoy was procured ind the armv set out on it.. ])enlous march. II enUre^orce did not exceed 500 men, of whom he „Ks effective were the 42d Highlanders. Sixty of the 7 h regiment were so weak that they had to l;e conveyed n w.uons They were intended fo/ garrison duty at Bed- m ^Y^^o"^- ' effective men at those forts were to join ;::^.^;>^::deUve^crThebare:le^gedHigMjm^ their kilts and plaids, and their infirm /^PP^'^ ^";;f' f^^ little assurance to the anxious people who watched their '^^nll^^Seof Braddock r ^ew years previous ^ad ik^^ toiLrotten nor the desolation and despair that ensued. N ad twice as many Rng-.sh troops had been slain on tha Lai day as Bouself utterly abandon^ ed bv the very people I am rdered to protect I have borne very patientb ..'.e ill usage of this province having still hopes that they will do something for us ; and B* U-.il 34 COL. HENRY BOUQUET iih> w )» thereforv '•■ ve pvoided a quarrel with them." His efforts to engage a body of frontiersmen for the campaign were fruitless. They preferred to remain for the defence of their families, forgetting that their homes and families could never be secure until the savages had been driven back to their haunts beyond the Ohio and chastised into submission. Such a force of men, used to the woods and enured to pioneer life, would have been of vast service in the march. The Highlanders were sure to get lost in the woods when sent out as flankers. As Bouquet wrote to Amherst July 26, "I cannot send a Highlander out of my sight with- out running the risk of losing the man, which exposes me to surprises from the skulking villians I li ive to deal with." Doubtless, however, the tactics resorted to in 1758 to make his men effective against Indian attack and surprise during the Forbes campaign, were called into vigorous play during this march, as the outcome at Bushy Run clearly indicates. At Bedford, where he arrived July 25, Boutpiet was more fortunate in enlisting frontiersmen and succeeded in getting about thirty to march with the army for flanking and scouting purposes. Murders had continued in the settlements, three men having been killed near Shippen^burg by prowling sava- ges after the army passed. But thus far the troops had met with little molestation. THE MARCH TO MOONIF.R. Now, however, began the real perils of the march, and greater caution was needed. Forests, rocks, ravines and thickets abounded on every side, inviting their wily foe to ambush the troops as they threaded their way through ihe valleys and across the mountains. But Bouquet knew exactly what the exigencies of the situation required. July 28, the army started from Fort Pkdford. A band of backwoodsmen led the way, followed closely by the pioneers ; the wagons and cattle were in the centre guarded by the regulars and a rear guard of backwoodsmen closed \y\^ the li.e. Frontier riflemen, or /!A^Z) //IS CAMPAIGNS. 3 5 in • , o^r^nrPfl the woods on all sides, making provincia '^^^^'^ '^'^^^^^^ with musket ir . surprise ni.possible^ n . n^v^nce Thui they toiled along had'^Tn^ng^^ffSt^n.^ the Highlanders, who grew '''T''':'^^^^^^^^ ,,,,Ubodyof pioneer 'V'^ 1 'nd held Fort Ligonier for two long months, settlers, who had lied 1^0" g the red coats of the ^;SS:^ ^d th:^ii;: t d plaids of the Higmand- „( the bloody fight a few ^^ys ';'<=' J;'^'>^,^,,,d so oft The clan Campbell, »h°'*<= ™;™';'f ' „e was well repre- l^V^tlZ &:"of tt,f;,e7s a™, of deUve. ""i-^. Indians disappeared as '^e troopVam™ached but no tidings had been 'e«.ved f™» ,°'' „3 ,nd oxen be- Bouquet wMsely ^f °'^=^ '^.'^l^™, ,Lt of his convoy, liind, which were the most <= '">';'™" I • ^ ^^^, sh„,,e ■■"■ "^■^^'Vatn^r'^ireT Zd Id lU forty pack ho.ls „oops, in hopes of ^----STthe" ndlans l^n^^ ^-l;\^'f«i}iov...n,ont. iio COW numerous Inciian iransi t-iun^iinj, j ':er:JrH,e annyhad passed T'- -™g« - \°"e *u« oU.rt fn nsrerta m the number and character oi uic 'troops: and" w'S their opportunity ,o surprise and "tctiuetTad his plans well arranged for the speedy 36 COL. HENRY BOUQUET !'• i 'if i! ,■ -I relief of Fort Pitt in a way lliat wovihl be uios^ likely o thwart the designs of the savages. His intention was to push on to Bushy Run, which would be an excellen place for man and beast to rest and recuperate for a few hours and then set out and make a forced march by nigh through the defiles at Turtle Creek, where he expected the savages would try to ambuscade lis troops. BUSHY RUN 13ATTLE. Accordingly, on the morning set out at an early hour ov of .\ugust 5, 1763, the troops set out at an eariy num uver the hills, and through the hollows of what now forms the heart of Westmoreland county Pa Along the Forbes road, shrouded on ail sides by dense forests, they moved at a lively rate. By one o'clock the jaded column had advanced seventeen miles, and Andrew Byerly, along with a detachment of eighteen soldiers in the advance, cheered the weary troops with the- welcome tidings that Bushy Run, their resting place, was only half a mile distant. All were pushing forward with renewed vigor, when suddenly tne whole line was startled by the report of rifles in the front. A fierce assault had been made on the vanguard and the firing was quick and sharp. Twelve out of eighteen fell in the unequal con- flict that ensued before the two advance companies could press forward to the relief of their comrades. The firing became furious, indicating that the Indians were in large force and were fighting with unusual courage. The convoy of packhorses was halted, the troops were formed into line and a general bayonet charge was made through the forest. The yelping savages gave way before the cold steel of the Highlanders. But just as the route seemed cleared in front, ter ''' ^ war whoops resounded through the woods on eithe- :■ . k, and an uproar among the packhorse drivers indie;. ihat the convoy was at- tacked in the rear. The troops in advance were instantly recalled to defend the convo Driving away the savages by repeated bayonet charges ihey formed a circle around the crowded and frantic horses. It was a new kind of work for the Highlanders, but they bore themselves with great AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 37 .ea.>„ess and ^^^^^^^:t:.^:S^t. described such a scene . "At once Iheie rose so vvild a yell Within that dark and narrow dell As all the fiends from heaven tha fell, Had pealed the banner-cry of hell. Rushing up with terrific whoops the ,-nted demons ,,fter killing three Indians. ...Qunded in the y>'"t^ht:;:d\,ntird:rw" If!^^^ to change around whom a wall of flour bags was erected to protect ?1 em from the bullets which flew among them thick and t; fromall side during the fight^ It was indeed a sad nnrl r1r<-nr'- ieht for the wounded. TheTl„y o thirst was ahnost intolerable, sprmgs ran ouTo? he Wll sides near by but tl;>=. ---B^/^^^^r rn:^;dtoconVeyare«.h.Ufulsof«.u. Highlanders. A grateful shower of ram also afforded — -«,- — — - 38 COL. HENRY BOUQUET il '< 'I; m some relief. After Bouquet had made his dispositions for the rj>h; ne proceeded to write a report of the battle to General Amherst, evidently supposing that he was not likely to survive the conflict the coming day. The re- nort was written amid all the bustle of the camp when danger and death in their most horrid forms stared him in the face, and yet how carefully, calmly and correctly everything of note is stated ! Here it is. REPORT OF THE FIRST DAY's FIGHT NEAR BUSHY RUN. Camp at Edge Hill, 26 Miles from Fort Pitt, 5th Aug. 1763. Sir : The second instant the troops and convoy a -rived at Ligonier, where I could obtain no intelligence of t'ie enemy. The expresses sent since the beginning of July, having been either killed or obliged to return, all the passes being occupied by the enemy. In this uncertainty, I determined to leave all the wagons, with the powder, and a quantity of stores and provisions, at Ligo- nier, and on the 4th proceeded with the troops and about 340 horses loaded with flour. I intended to have halted to-day at Bushy Run, (a mile beyond this camp), and after having refreshed the men and horses, to have marched in the night over Turtle Creek, a very dangerous defile of several miles, commanded by high and rugged hills ; but at one o'clock this afternoon, after a march of 17 miles, the say- ages suddenly attacked our advance guard, wliich was immedi- ately supported by the two Light Infantry comp.mies of the 42d regiment, who drove the enemy from their ambusradc and pur- sued them a good way. The savages returned to the attack, and the fire being obstinate on our front ai.d extending along otir flanks, we made a general charge with tlie whole line to dislodge the savages from the heights, in which attempt we succeded, without by it obtaining any decisive advantage, for as soon as they were driven from one post, they appeared on another, till, by continued reinforcements, they were at last able to surround us and attacked the convoy left 'in our rear ; this obliged us to march back to protect it. The action tlien became general, and though we were attacked on every side, and the savages exerted themselves with uncommon resolution, they were constantly re- pulsed with loss; we also suffered considerably. Crq)t. Lieut. Graham and Lieut. James Mcintosh, of the 42d, are killed, and Capt. Graham wounded. Of the Royal American Regt., Lieut. Dow, who acted as A. I). O. M. Ci., is shot through the body. AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 39 Excellency this early ■"f"'''™"™' ''',",' IZ, *L- ITovinces, for take such measures as you •'r,\„7P 1 ef of Fort P'.tt, as in case ,l,eir own safety, and the ^^f ^^» ^ ™^„'„,,bte difficulties in pro- :« >''V'="„"' ,„,, ,he hill and ,,ar by a well d-ected bayon cl rgc a m^^ ^^ !;t",hrtr;:nTird Br[,:a^e tbe sugg^on, which II colonel .».f •>^P;;Vtry"hnrd,aK., M^or » teh :^;r LSto°n;;:ufalapid circuit through the woods „,ent at tl-e r.ght nromen 1 tl n ^,„e M^t_^ ^P^_^_^^ ^nt «v]:y before th: impetuous onset of the exultant M:,'et i,^;rue '^'"fnrrushed wi,h detnoniac fttry m tL ramp certain that the fight was won. '"'b, t'lus;Ts'''they supposed .he,nselves masters c^f the neld th^ Highlanders changed tnw.th aw d battle cry ".^^ed^^d hft'ddl^dtvagl ?,t t e, stood tbe.r^o,,^ with wonderful intrepKl.ty, not ^"'"S '" '°°J'^,,^,,h ^ a victory and the great booty of stores ""fl f;-;'!'^ "'^^ ^ M.oraent before they felt was w.thtn the.r grasp. III ^ A W COL. HENRY BOUQUET agreed on all hands that on this occasion, not only in the attack and the assault, but in meeting the unexpected charge on their flank and rear, the Indians displayed un- usual courage and firmness. , t j- But a well directed bayonet charge no body of Indians ever did or will stand. Here Boucpiet had them at last where he wanted them, at close quarters where there could be no dodging or popping from behind the trees. The Hi'^hlanders were at home with the bayonet and only too glad to get a good chance at the painted villains who had skulked behind trees while they shot their brave comrades during the past two days. Still the savages struggled in hope of gaining the day, but the shock was irresisti- ble and, perceiving that they had been caught in a trap, they fled in uimultuous disorder. In doing so they were obliged to pass in front of the companies brought up on the oiM)Osite side by Capt. Basset, from whom they received another volley. The four companies now vied with each other in driving the savages through the woods beyond Bushy Run without giving them time Lo reload their empty rifles. Many of their chief warriors were killed and the rest utterly routed. Among others, Kukyuskung, the ungrateful and blatant blackguard, and the famous war Chief called " The Wolf," were slain. Amherst had expressed the hope that no ])risoners with arms in their hands should be taken, and his wish was gratified. Historians say that in the fight only one In- dian was taken prisoner, and after a little examination he was shot down like a captured wolf. Hereby hangs a tale, which I was told by my great great grandfather, Jacob Byerl}, and his son Joseph, on Christmas day 1855, two and a-half years before the old Revolutionary veteran passed away, at the age of 99 years. He had heard it often from his father, wh.o was in the fight. When the flight of the savages had fairly begun, a Scotch Highland- er dropped his musket and darted after the fugitives, as only a fleet-footed Highlander could. Soon he overtook and mastered, single-handed, one of the largest of the sav- ages, whom he was leading townrd the camp, when he was met by an officer of Barret's detachment. *' What are you AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 43 • ■„ Ar, with that fellow ? " said the fussy official. " I ^m"faWn. him rColonel Bouquet. If yo" -»"' °"--:- h"r arT'plenty of them ^-^^^ y'^^:^ ^^. r^';r\,':^^o.rrr;^i/;i:t:i'and'rt'ihe"rfso„er Suke of Bouquet, wl.en informed of the affa.r Sixty dead Indians were found on the fiUd, ai.a many .ound'ed had been conveyed away ^Y their fnends. Bo - met had won a decisive but dearly bought ^J^ ° V" ^^'^^^ IffirprQ were killed or severely wounded, and in all one the dead Indians, whom the regular troops disdained to '° So'many of the horses had escaped through their neg- lect and cowardice during the conflict that a l-ge quan- tity of valuable stores had to be d^sroyed for lack ot transportation to prevent them from falling ^^to th^ ^^^^^ c,f the Indians after the army passed on Lit ers were made and ^he wounded were borne to I^^;f ^ f^ ^^J^^f'^^ the army encamped to rest and refresh ^^^mselves atter the exhausting struggle of the past two days^ A^t^r he severe handling they had lately received it was supposed the Indians would not molest them soon again. Bu ccarcelv had they gone into 3 "-^ Pf n r. >7i O 7q /' -: — • n 3 c — • n — 3 i~ c 3 c ;3 5 La O O c ro c i, - 5- NN 4^ ■.M Oj . u 'pr>puno^\Y y,; n crq 3 re -*^ to Cn j 00 "sj 4i, ^i Ui P3in>i'^ 'papunoAv: t^' 'P^llLM ■ ■ 'papuno^Y P re > COL. HENRY BOUQUET ^r ■ t rnrresbondence-Ammcan and convoy mto Fo^ ^^^'^.^^ body of savages, ^^^^^^ /'Le^ Captain as they were by a Urge mu . . . ♦ toward ccnmumeauon., . . ^ -^^^^^ _,^^ ^„^j, ,„„ L„'rS'ro;.'L';n«"ani'oleSt%er™.,^^^ High. Honorable Ear. of Egrenron.. , The copies oC Co.- Henr^^f ^^Bu^lf t.^^ „ e ponse to a letter «»tten ast Jan >aj,^ ^^ ^^^ „. dorsed by Hon Wm. S ^te. gtr, ^^^^^^^^^ Secretary :r^l'!:r^I"^o,n"-^ t^:;:^;.«:d o^ctaUy .y secretary ol State Frelinghuysen. ,,^i^,,t „f such The reports of B""'^!"'^'';^'"' models of exactness and exciting and confusing scene are moUc ^^^ ^ ^^^^^^^ reflect high honor upon hm ;^ aj^^j ,,uh Gertmn Although a Swiss and ucU aM ,^^ ^^.^„,, EngUsli French and other Etiopea^ ' ^^^b;^,^ ^^^^^^ better than the great majority o ^ map, drawn With the aid of these repo s nd ^^ utc ^^^^^^ (^ up a few years after the battle it i c > „_^,,,„„j nf conflict. The first day s fight, w nc t;„naware r giment suffered » -«t>'-7S'hv\«n. The fight Hills, near Harrison City located m ,^^^^ j.^^, ^ ^,„. around the ™"™>'' " r?,,'^' „n the Wanamaker f.rnv. bushed and routed, took place --^' AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 49 short distance south-east of Mr. W.'s present residence. The old B'orbcs road ran through the Wanamaker and Gongaware farms, along a different line from the present road, but that line is well known by Mr. W., and others, who cleared away the native woods on both sides of the Forbes road. By comparing the march and resources of Bouquet with those of other Indian fighters, we are filled with increasing admiration at his success, August 5 and 6, 1763, on the bloody fields near Bushy Run. With a force of less than 500 men, mostly composed of raw Highlanders, unused to Indian warfare, Bouquet de- fended his convey of 340 pack-horses and finally routed the horde of savages who had fought with unusual cou- rage and sagacity. True, he lost about one-fou'"th ol his men in killed and wounded, but an equal l: greater loss was inflicted on his wily and savage foes. Compare this with the results of similar conflicts. Braddock, in 1755, with 1,400 men, lost nearly 900, and out of 85 officers, 64 were killed or wounded. And yet he was opposed by only a few hundred Indians and French, who lost only 30, all told, of their number. As a consequence, the borders v/ere desolated for hundreds of miles and thousands of pioneers were driven from their homes or massacred. Col. Crawford, with 500 men, ip 1782, was routed, and himself, his son and son-in-law captured and burned at the stake. Col. Loughrey, with 140 picked frontiersir.en from West- moreland, was surprised and all his force captured by an Indian deti.chment in 1781. Gen. Harmer, 1790, with 300 regulars and over 1,000 volunteers was routed with a loss of several hundred of his best troops. Gen. St. Clair, a brave and able officer, i79i,with 1,200 men, in line of battle, expecting attack and provided with artillery, and with large reinforcements near at hand, met with overwhelming defeat, and a loss of 68 officers killed 28 wounded, together with over half of his men. And these were for the most part viiterans, used to fighting and rommanded by gallant and experienced officers. In the lie;ht of these and manv similar conflicts in the c 50 COL. HENRY BOUQUET olden times or in recent years, the valor and ability of Boiuiuet shine forth in replendcnt colors. Or take a suc- cessful Indian fighter like Oen. Anthony Wayne and we find that Bouquet stands the peer of the greatest. Gen. Wayne had over 1,500 veteran and mounted Iventuckians and 2,000 regulars, including artillery in 1794. After sharp fighting, he routed about half his number of In- dians, with a loss of i,i killed and a hundred of his own men wounded. The loss of the Indians was about the same as that of the whites. Under Braddock's mangement the Indians killed fifty white to every one of their own number slain, while under Bou(piet's management they lost more of their own warriors than they were able to destroy of the whites. It is to honor the memory and perpetuate the hero- ism of this superb man and his gallant army of deliverance that Westmorelanders and all patriotic citizens of West Pennsylvania, Virginia and Ohio are invited to assemble on the historic field of his grandest triumph, Aug. 6, 1883. "The battle of Bushy Run," says Parkman the great historian of Colonial time+i, " was one of the best contest- ed actions ever fought between white men and Indians. * * * The Indians displayed throughout a fierceness and intrepidity matched only by the steady valor^ with which they were met. In the provinces the victory excited equal joy and admiration, especially among those who knew the incalculable difficulties of an Indian cam- paign. The Assembly of Pennsylvania passed a vote ex- pressing their sense of the merits of liouquet and of the services he had rendered to the province. He so* n after received die additional honor of the formal thanks of the The army in a few days reached Fort Pitt, to the great joy and relief of the garrison, whose stock of provisions were about exhausted. IJoucpiet wrote, as follows : To Sir Jeff'ery Amhurst : Fort Pitt, Aug. 11. 1763. Sir : — We arrived here yesterday without further opposition than scattered shots along the road. The Dekwares, Shawanese, Wiandots and Mingoes, had closely beset and attacked this fort from the 27th July to the ist Inst., when they quitted it to march against us. :■ a i iW I WIII II ll*! am AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 51 The boldness of those savages is hardly credible ; they had taken post under the banks of both rivers close to the fort, where digging holes, they kept an incessant fire, and threw fire arrows. They are good marksmen, and though our people were under cover, they killed one and wounded seven. Captain Ecuyer is wounded in the leg by an arrow. 1 should not do justice to that officer should I omit mentioning, that without engineer or any other artificers than a few shipwrights, he has raised a parapet of logs round the fort above the old one (which, having not been finished was too low and enfiladed) palisaded the inside of the area, constructed a fire engine, and, in short, has taken all pre- cautions, which art and judgment could suggest, for the preserva- tion of this post, open before on three sides, which had suffered by the floods. The inhabitants have acted with spirit against the enemy, and in the repairs of the fort. Captain Ecuyer expresses an entire satisfaction in their conduct. The artillery and the small number of regulars have done their duty with distinction. Sir Jeffery Amherst's letters add to the above accounts, that by his last intelligence the number of savages in the two actions of the 5th and 6th of August slain, was about sixty, and a gr:at many wounded in the pursuit. That the three principle ring- leaders of those people, who had the greatest share in fomenting the present troubles and were concerned in the murder of Col. Clapham, &c., viz: Kikyuscuting, and the Wolf and Butler, were, according to the information sent him, killed ; the two former in the field, and the last at Fort Pitt. THE OWNERSHIP OF THE BUSHY RUN TRACT. It has been asserted by some writers, in recent as well as colonial days, that Col. Ephraim Blaine was in com- mand of Fort Ligonier, which he bravely defended with provincial troops until Bou(]uet came along, after which he accompanied the army as commander of the pack-horse brigade, and took an active part in the battle of Bushy Run, where he came near losing his life, &c. He then re- solved that some day he would become the owner of that historic field. All this is pure fiction, evidently gotten up for a special purpose, in order to invalidate the claims of the Byerlys to the grant on Bushy Run, originally given by Col. Bou- quet and secured by settlement and valuable improve- ments. ii 52 COL. HENRY BOUQUET The name and record of Lieut. Archibald Blane, ( not Hlaine ), who defended Fort Ligonier with a detachment of Royal Americans in 1763, have been confounded with those of Col. Ephraim Blaine, who first appears as a com- missary sergeant in Bouquet's campaign of 1764. Neither Lieutenant A. Blane nor Colonel E. Blaine was in the Bushy Run battle. The former wrote Bouq'-et a letter from Fort Ligonier, immediately after the battle, congratu- lating him on his recent victory at Bushy Run. See Park- man's Pontiac, Vol. IL, p. 160. See also page 407, of Washington — Irvine correspondence — where Ephraim Blaine's record is correctly sketched. The truth is Ephraim Blaine jumped the older and origi- nal Byerly claim by a patent, confirmed by the Pennsylva- nia Executive Council in the distracted days of 1786, long after the death of the elder Byerly, and when his widow and children were in no shape to dispute his unjust usur- pation. For forty-one pounds of provincial currency, when that currency was comparatively w^orthless, he man- aged to get a technical title to the old Byerly tract of over 300 acres along the Forbes road, on the historic field of Bushy Run ! This was bad enough surely, but to make him one of the chief heroes in the fight, to boost up the unjust claim, is to violate not only the rights of a family but the rights of humanity. It pollutes the fountains and muddies the sacred stream of history itself. It was no great credit to be in command of the pack- horse brigade at the Bushy Run battle, as Col. Bouquet's report mdicates. And we do Col. Blaine's memory a ser- vice by relieving him from the equivocal position in which certain prominent individuals placed him in the suit for ownership of the battle-field, when they testified that Col. Blaine took part in the battle of i7''^3 as commander of the pack-horse brigade, &c. Hon. Jos. H. Kuhns who was counsel for the Blaines in the later stages of the suit, ( when Blaine's friends claimed that he had bought Byerly's right and title) told the writer a few w-eeks ago that the general feeling at the time of the trial was that the Byerlys had right and jus- tice on their side. The presiding judge, being a resident AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 53 of Carlisle and a special friend of the Blaines, was blamed with partiality. Until recently Mr. Kuhns believed the fiction about the presence and narrow escape of Col. Ephraim Blaine in the battle, ("c, which had been palmed off in the courts, &c., at the t? il. But after learning the real facts in the case, and seeing how the names and records of Lieut. Archibald Blane and Col. Ephraim Blaine had been confounded, he wrote me the following candid nore on the subject : Greenshuro, Pa., May 2, 1883. Kev. Cyrus Cort : Rev. and Dear Sir. — Your esteemed favor received. I am satisfied that the story of Blaine's claim to the battle ground is apocryphal. He was an intruder upon Byerly, who was, in point of fact, the first actual owner of the ground by occupancy and legal authority of the proprietary government of Penn'a. Respectfully, Jos. H. Kuhns. So much for the question of original and rightful owner- ship of Bushy Run battlefield. Byerly removed his family to Fort Bedtord, by advice of Bouquet, u.itil peace was firmly established at the end of next year. He then re- turned and occupied the grant on Bushy Run. About the time of the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, hf look his son Andrew to Lancaster, Pa., to give him a chance to get an education at the home of his step-sisters. While on this visit the old gentleman died, and was buried at Strasburg, in that county. I am indebted to Ad. J. Eberly, es(i., and Rev. J. A. Peters for the following facts, which should have been stated at j)age 17 : Record book B, page 349, contains a deed from James Hamilton, esq., to Andreas Byerly, for a lot of ground on east side of North Queen street, a frontage of 64 feet and 4)^ inches and a depth of 245 feet, in the town of Lancas- ter, Pa., dated October 25, 1745. The baptismal records of the First Reformed church of Lancaster, Pa., mention Andreas Byerly as standing spon- sor for a child, Feb. 3, 1745. So also on May 3, 1750, he and his wife served in same capacitv for a child bv name of Houck, from Strasburg Twp., and again for a Backen- '1^ 54 COL. HENRY BOUQUET stopp, Feb. 4, 1753, under the pastorates of Revs. Schnorr- bock and Otterbein, respectively. The Byerly family resided for greater safety at Fort Walthour during the Revokition. Jacob served in several campaigns against the Indians, and killed a chief in a fight near Brady's Bend, when quite a young man. Mrs. Byerly was a very intelligent, humane and pious woman. She had been well trained in the doctrines of the Reformed Church of Switzerland. She did good ser- vice as a nurse an*the merciless savages. Mourning and desolation came to many homes in the valley, for each of the slaughtered mno- cents belonged to a different f-imily. The last named boy, m- dced, sur\ived the eftects of the scalping knife, but in a some- what demented condition. The teacher offered his life and scalp in a spirit of self-sacrihc- in<' devotion if the savages would only spare the lives of the little ones under his charge and care. iUit no ! the tender mercies of the lioathen are cruel, and so a perfect holocaust was made to the Moloch of war by the relentless fiends in human form. The school house was located on the farm now occupied by Mr. Henry Diehl, and formerlv owned by Mr. Christian Koser. It stood m a cleared field, at the head of a deep ravine, surrounded by dense forests. Down this ravine the savages fled a mile or two until they struck Conococheague creek, along the bed of which, to con- ceal their tracks, they traveled to the mouth of Path Valley, up which and across the mountains they made good their escape to their village, near the Ohio. It is some relief to know that this diabolical deed, whose re- cital makes us shudder even at this late date, nas disapproved by the old warriors when the marauding party of young Indians came back with their horrid trophies. Neephaughwhese, or Night Walker, an old chief or ha.f-king, denounced them as a pack of cowards for killing and scalping so many children. But who can describe the agony of those parents in the Cono- cocheague, settlement weeping like Rachel for her children and refusing to be comforted ? Or who can describe the horror of the scene in that lonely log school house, when one of the settlers chanced to look in at the door to ascertain the cause of the un- usual quietness. In the centre lay the faithful Brown, scalped and hfeless, with a Bible clasped in his hand. Around the room were strewn the dead and mangled bodies of seven boys and two girls, while little Archie, stunned, scalped and bleeding, was creeping around among his dead companions, rubbing his hands over their faces and trying to gain some token of recognition. 6o COL. HENRY BOUQUET A few days later the innocent victims of savage atrocity re- ceived a common sepulture. Ml were buried in one large rough box at the border of the ravine, a few rods from the school house where they had been so ruthlc.-sly slaughtered. Sue by side, with head and feet alternately, the little ones were laid with their master, just as they were clad at the time o. the massacre Strange to sai, no memorial tablet has ever been erected over their remains! Tradition has preserved the exact location of the common grave of master and sclu^lars, and it is not too late yet for grateful, patriotic and philanthropic Christian people, enjoy- ing the blessings of civilization, peace and prosperity, to render this duty of the living to the martyred dead. August 4, 1843, or seventy-nine years after the slaughter, a number of the principal citizens of Grcencastle made excava- tions to verify the traditional account of the place and manner of burial. Some remains of the rough coftin were found at quite a depth from the surface, and then the skull and other remains of a grown person, alongside of which were remains of several children. Metal buttons, part of a tobacco-box, tL-?th, cVc, were picked up as relics by those present, among whom were some of our citizens still living with us in a green old age, viz : D». Wm. Grubb, Dr. J. K. Davison, Geo. W . /eiglcr, Ksci., and Gen. David Detrich. There was a good deal of talk t the time about the propriety of buying the adjacent grounds, tying out a road and erecting a monument; but noti ing definite was ever done. Mr. Ko^ei, the owner of the farm, took a lively interest in the matter, and in lieu of a better memorial planted four locust trees to mark *he corners of the grave. Two of these only survived and arc men- tioned by S. H. Eby, Esq., Sup't of Common Schools, in his interesting report, published 1877. But, alas! even these im- perfect historic landmarks were cut down a few years ago tor the sake of making a few posts, and Mr. Koser's well-mcr.nt ef- forts to preserve the identitv of the grave have thus in a meas- ure been thwarted. The stumps remain as frail indices bv which the exact location of the grave may still be accurately determined. Such is the present state of the case as ascertained last Wed- nesday (April II, 1883), on a visit to the spot by Gen. David Detrich, Col. B. F. Winger and Rev. Cyrus Cort." The foregoing is an extract from an article that ap- peared in the Grcencastle Prc^s. 1 am glad to be able to rei)ort that as a result of the visit just mentioned, steps having been taken by public spirited citizens of Grcencastle to ha|' "' "'" "" I :e the grave of Brown and AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 6l his martyred scholars duly marked by a permanent monu- ment at an early day. , , , • Atrocities like tnese helped to arouse the slumbermg provinces to the necessity of bold and energetic measures. CAMPAKJN OF 1764. On the 5th of August th- two Pennsylvania battallions under Lieut. Colonels Francis and Clayton were assembled at Carlisle. Gov. Penn had come up from Philadelphia with Col. Boucpiet and addressed the troops. He spoke of the necessity of chastising the Indians " for their re- ijeated and unprovoked barbarities on the inhabitants of the Province, a just resentment of which added to a re- membrance of the loyalty and courage of our provincial troops on former occasions he did not doubt, would am- mate them to do honour to their country, and that they could not but hope to be crowned with success as they were to be united with the same regular troops and under the same able commander who had by themselves on that verv day, the memorable 5th of August, in the preceedmg year, sustained the repeated attacks of the savages and obtained a complete victory over them." Gov Penn also reminded them of the exemplary pun- ishments that would be inflicted on the grevious crime of desertion, if any of them were capable of so far forgetting their solemn oath and duty to their king and country as to be involved in ij. Col. Bou(iuetthen took coirmand of the troops, regular and provincial. After four days of neces- sary preparation for the long march, the army set ut. Col. Boucpiet gave very strict "orders to officois and men to observe strict discipline and not to commit the least violation of the civil rights or peace of the mhi.>)i- tants." . 1 r .u ■ His care and conduct in this respect stand torth in happy contrast with that of many militia or emergency m^-n who came up the valley to defend the borders from ir.vasion a hundred years later, but who in the end were more harmful and more dreaded by the loyal people of the borders than the disciplined host of Southern invaders under Lee. ii 1 1 '^1 62 COL. HENRY BOUQUET DESERTIONS OF PROVINCIAL TROOPS. In spite of all precautions, no less than 200 desertions took place by August 13, when the army reached Fort Londoun. ^,, , . , Bouquet asked permission to fill up the contingent, which was granted by resolution of tht governor and com- missioners August 16. He then ai.plied to Colonei Lewis for ''oo Virginia volunteers, to take the place of the de- serters With the co-operation of Governor traupner the men were soon raised and joined liouquet at Fort Pitt in the latter part of September. These Virginia volunteer riflemen were among his best troops, but in the end, Virginia ungratefully left Col. Bouquet in the lurch as regards their payment. At Fort Loudoun, Bouquet received a very presunq^tu- ous and characteristic letter from Col. Bradstreet, telling him that he need not proceed any farther, inas auch as peace had been concluded with the Delawares and Shaw- anese At that very time these same tribes were scalping settlers in all directions. Bradstreet was ambitious to gain all the glory of the ( ampaign. Instead of minding his own business and compelling the Lako Indians to bring in their captives and give proper guarantees of sub- mission, he turned aside in his course to attend to the business assigned to Boucjuet, who was his superior officer. As the whole scheme was a ruse on the part of the Ohio Indians to gain time and p>revent Bouqur-l's advance, he and General Gage were both indignant at liradstreet and repudiated his officious intermeddling. VVithout delaying an hour, Boucpiet pushed forward. September 5, he had reached Fort Bedford, where more Pennsylvanians deserted, taking along their arms and horses. A large reinforcement of friendly Indians, prom- ised to be sent^'fro-n the Six Nations by Sir. Wm. Johnson, never arrived. At Ligonier he received from Gen. Gage the heai.y endorsement of his own c(mduct, and the re- pudiation of Bradstreet 's unwarranted and premature ne- gotiations with irresponsible representatives of the Ohio Indians. AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 63 ARRIVAL AT FORT PITT. He passed safely over the historic field of i^iishy Run to Fort Pitt where he was rejoiced to receive the Virginia. reinforcement. Ten Indians came to the opposite bank of the river, proposing a conference, l-inding that they were evidentlv spies, endeavoring to gain important infor- mation, he detained two of the as hostages, and sent another one with two messengers .. Bradstreet ^-d a state- ment to the Ohio Indians that if any harm WaS done to these two men, the Indian hostages in his hands should be nut to death at once and dire vengeance executed against their entire nation. Several Iroquois Indians came into the fort pretending great friendship, and assuring him that the Ohio Indians would speedily return all the uhitc caDtives. They spoke of the difficulty of pcne- trating the hilly forests and the great numbers of the In- dians who would oppose the army, but who would soon ful- fil all his stipulations if he only remained viuietly at I^ort Pitt The whole object of ^nese crafty e-voys was evi- dently to delay the campaign until bad weather and late- ness of the season made it impossible. 'p^uquet saw through tht=r designs and sent them to tell'the Oelawares and Shawanese, .V'c, that he was on his way to puni'^h their cruel and perfidious conduct unless they made prompt and complete submission to his terms. THE MARCH INTO OHIO. Early in October th - army left Fort Pitt to cut a road •i-ectly through the unexplored wilderne ;s of Ohio. 1 he Colonel assured the troops of his confidence in their bra- very and told them that "he did not doubt but that th.: war would soon be ended, under (lod, to their own honor and the future safety of their countrv, provided the men were strictly ot)edient to orders and guarded against the surprises and sudden nUacks of a treacherous enemy, who never dared to face iiritish t-oops in an open fiela Large droves of sheep and cattle were taken along tor subsistence, besides great droves of packhorses loaded with fiour and other provisions. The Virginia woodsmen acted i in I i 64 COL. HENRY BOUQUET as scouts and flankers in front and on the sides, whilst the pioneers cleared the road through the dense forest The army, with flocks and herds and camp equipage, followed the pioneers at the rate of seven or eight miles a day, mov- ing constantly in a series of concentric hollow squares, with flocks, herds, baggage, packhorses, &c., in the centre. Thus in line of battle and guarding carefully against ambush and surprise, they moved steadily forward. Skulk- ing Indians were watching every movement, but no direct attempt was made to interfere with the progress of the troops. The strictest discipline was enforced. Be- fore leaving Fort Pitt two soldiers had been shot for de- sertion, and all superfluous women ordered back to the settlements. One woman was allowed to each corps, and two nurses for the general hospital. These were needed to look after the children and female captives, whose re- covery was one chief object of the expedition. In ten days the army reached the Muskingum, and was now in the heart of the Indian country. Near the fording of that river, they saw the wigwams of 100 families of Tus- rarora Indians who had fled in terror at their approach. The two soldiers sent to liradstreet, now appeared, having been detained by the Delawares on trifling pretexts until they saw the invasion was an overwhelming success. They brought word that the chiefs would come in a few days to hold a conference. COUNCIL ON THE MUSKINGUM — CAPTIVES RESTORED. Bouquet marched along the Muskingum until he found ample forage in the broad meadows for his cattle, sheep and packhorses ; he erected a palisaded depot for pro- visions and baggage. Soon a number of chiefs appeared, stating that great numbers of warriors were eight miles distant, and that a place and time should be appointed for council. He designated a spot near the river bank where he would meet them next day. A jiarty of woods- men soon prepared a rustic arbor, where English officers and Indian chiefs might meet under shelter. Every pre- caution was used to prevent a surprise or attack. Guards li %■ AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 65 were doubled and no straggling allowed. The soldiers were drawn up so as to make the most stunnmg mipres- sion upon the mhids of the savages. And truly it was a wonderful sight to see such a vast body of troops tully equipped in the midst of the wilderness, with flocks and herds, and other resources needed for a protracted cam- paign' The scene was as picturescpie as it was astounding m its disi)lay of miltary prowess. , • . 1 •, The Hi^diland grenadiers were there '"ith their plaids, kilts and tartans, whom the Indians styled, " petticoat warriors" on account of their queer dress. The Royal .\mericans were on hand with their bright red British uniforms, the duller garb and duller trappings of Pennsylvania troops and the fringed hunting frocks of the Virginia backwoods riflemen made such a combination of military pomp and power as has been rarely seen in any land. ^ The chiefs came at the aj^pointed hour — Kiashuta, or Guyashuta, the chief of a band of Senecas, Custalogachict of the Delawrres, Keisnauchtha, chief of the Shawanese, each with a band of warriors, were the leaders along with Turde Heart, Beaver, iS:c., they tried to frame excuses tor their teacherous conduct, blaming it on the rashness of their young men and the western tribes led in person by Pontiac, they begged for peace and promised to return to him all white prisoners in their hands. Boiupiet thoroughly understood the Indian character, and knew what demeanor and tactics suited the occa- sion He told them to return next day to receive his an- swer Inclement weather prevented their proposed meet- ing until the twentieth. Instead of calling them brothers he began : " Sachems, War chiefs and Warriors.' He then addressed them with great spirit, and in severe and impassioned language. He pointed out the absurdity of their trifling excuses, and reminded them of their un- l)aralleled treachery and cruelty in plundering traders and settlers, capturing children and in assulting the kings troops in the woods at Bushy Run. last summer. He denounced their continued murderous forays upon the border settlements, and condemned their repeated failures to bring back the white prisoners in their hands. He will r T 1 C,6 WZ-. Hk:^RY BOUQUET not be deceived longer by their false promises. "If,"' said he " it were possible that you -ould convince us that you sincerely repent of your past perfidy, and that we could depend on your good behavior for the future, you micht yet hope for mercy and peace. If I find thac you faithfully execute the following prebmmary conditions, I will not treat you with the severity you deserve. I give you twelve days from this date to deliver into my hands at Waukatamake, all prisoners in your ])osscssion ^vlthout any excei)tion, Englishmen, l And will the world still deem u.c'lone? 1 hen let It thus forever rave Knoi.gh ! I've (;od and angel's' host, NVhose number can its thousands boast her'e:^:::j:['::;:^l'-r^---n /childhood, fell upon Scenes like this threw i InU ,,< . \- ■ around the exnerfltin ,^f r of religious romance has drawn out he o V of '^.""'l"^'„ '<«*'■ )<»''<^n \Veiser captive, with cors:d'^;Lr':«d"ff,^«"r;,''"-''""'"" tion. He draws rnnr,,i w ■ • ,'1'°" ''"-' ""agma- the rreat IndTa, ^uerp'e.er'had T "!' f ""'•■'• '■""''"t"' ligioiis process. '^egina pass through a certain re- wit^hoiu\lo"oih™'!.':;d h'un7"H 'T''^- '° '"^ borders back from h:att;n t'da^ 1^ ° Snlf :?- ^"'°"'" The people and-^authoWtes^^v' "T^ in Philadelphia other in J.xpresJin^ he^r h,Vh ''\"y'^<^'t ^.ed with e.ich a"d gratefu? "cTg^nidoTof't'ser" ce? '°^h""f ^""f ^'"' relatives esueciillv nf r«^^ ^ervices. 1 he friend.s and affectio„ate'^a"'d'ttm'^.Xi^l;^:)^''^- ""^ ""^'^ -'" PUBLIC THANKS TO BOUQUET firs&yido[,Sd tcotr'l"! "' ^--3'>™"ia at its address. hfartily\tnking if,' ^?'h°'7i'X™™'-''™^"'--'^y province, by his victory at^i hv R,m Xlf TT \° "'^' cent campaign against^.he OhiJ fnd?ant"fii^i„'f ,tl,ici: ^t AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 73 hatl laid the fomuUition of lasting peace and rescued hun- dreds of (Christian brethern from savage captivity ; and, finally, they thanked him for his " constant attention to the civil rights of his Majesty's subjects in this province." In like manner the House of Burgesses for the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, thanked Bouquet for his inval- uable services in subduing the Indians, and recovering so many of their people from captivity. They further requested the Ciovernorto recommend Bou- (juet to the ministers of King George, as an officer of dis- tinguished merit, in this and every former service in which he had been engaged. The gallant and chivalric Colonel replied in grateful acknowledgment and gener- ously awarded much of the credit of the success of his re- cent campaign to the efficiency of the provincial troops, and especially commended Col. Lewis for his zeal and good conduct during the campaign. Col. Reir' who was second in command, also received honorabi. mention from him as well as all officers, regular and provincial, who served in the expedition. INJUSTICE AND INGRATITUDE OF VIRGINIA. But every sweet has its bitter, and the oft-told tale of in- gratitude and injustice to benefactors must, alas, be re- peated. Virginia was lavish in her praises, as well she might be, for she had profited greatly by the campaign ; but when it came to foot the bill of expenses for her small body of si)lendid troops during the campaign, she repudiated the obligation ! " Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Askelon !" Pontiac, the heathen savage, put such conduct to shame by scrupulously re- deeming every i)iece of birch bark currency issued in his name for sujiplies during the siege of Detroit. At length, after great personal annoyance and embar- rassment. Bouquet induced the Pennsylvania Assembly to pay the \'irginia troops for services and expenses incurred during the campaign of 1764. By so doing Pennsylvania in some degree atoned for a multitude of past sins of neglect and indifference. But D ill T :mm] 1! Ill k III If 74 COL. HF.NR Y BOUQUET Bouquet was stung to the t|ui(k hy the conduct of the Virginians, and btgs Gen. Gage to relieve him from his present command in order that he mip;ht make a trip to Europe. His request was granted. He wrote to (iage March 4, 1765, " tlie disgust I have conceived from the ill-nature and ingratitude of those individuals (the Vir- ginia ofiicials) makes me accepi with great satisfaction your offer to discharge me of this department, in which I never desire to serve again, nor, indeed, to he commanding ofli- cer in any other, since the new regulations you were pleased to communicate to me ; being sensible of my in- ability to carry on the service upon the terms i)resrribed." This had reference to some rigid prescriptions whicli he supposed fully closed the door against the promotion of foreign born officers. He seems to have intended to return and settle in the provinces, or remove obstacles in the line of promotion, for the day before writing the above letter to Gage, i. e., March 3, 1765, he was naturalized by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, in accordance with a late act of Parlia- ment. bouquet's promotion. And now to his great surprise and the gratification of all -^ood men, Boucjuet receives tidings that the King had promoted him to the rank of brigadier general. April 15, 1765, he wrote his grateful acknowledgment of the unexpected honor, which ali.o gave assurance of prefer- ment to other deserving foreign-born officers, who were among the most devoted subjects of the King. Letters of congratulation came pouring in, especially from officers who had served under him. Capt. George Etherigton, of the first battallion of Royal Americans, who so narrowly escaped massacre at Michill- mackinac in May, 1763, wrote Bou(iuet as follows from Lancaster, Pa., April 19, 1765: "Sir, though I almost despair of this reaching you before you sail to Europe, yet I cannot deny myself the pleasure of giving you joy on your promotion, and can, with truth, tell you that it gives great joy to ail the geuliemen of tlie battallion, for m -S^-siri*^-^ -^*&&t^z AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 75 two reasons : first, <.n your acc(- .wl ; and sccih ly, on our own as by UkU means we may hope for the ,,leasure ol continuing under your connnand. You can hardly imagine how this place rings with the news of your promotion, for the townspeople and German farmers stoj) us m the street to ask if it is true thM th. king has made Col. Houcuel a ucneral : and when they are toh^ it is true, they Piarch off with great joy ; so you see the old i)roverb wrong for once, V I'ich says he that prospers is envied ; for sure 1 am that all the people are more i.leased with the news of your promotion than th-y would be if the government would trko off the stamp duty." , . , , • , • l)r Wm Smith, Provos* of the University and historian of his campaigns, spoke the common sentiment when he said Bouquet had become " as dear by his private virtues to those who have the honor of his more intimate acquam- tince as he is by his military service to the public. tor this reason " it is hoped he may long continue among us, where his experienced abilities will enable him, and his love of tl-e EnglisV; constitution entitle him, to fill any future trust to which his Majesty may be pleased to cidl 1 ' " ^Tt" had been Bouquet's hope and desire to visit England and to return again to the scenes of his eailier career amon^ the Lc lands of Holland and the mountains of Switzerland, but the king assigned him to the command of the Southern mihtary department, and as the Indians ha^ recently become troublesome in that locality, he repaired to his new field of action without unnecessary delay. LEAVES l-OR PENSACOLA. WILL AND DEATH. Before leaving Philadelphia he made his last will and testament, which 1 copied a few vecks ago at the office of the Register of Wills, in Philadelphia. It iS m his own handwriting, and reads thus: " In the name of God Amen. I Henry Bouquet, Brigadier Gereral of his Majesty s firces, serving in North America, have thought fit to dispose of my estate, real and p-rsonal, after my death, in the following manner : I give and bequeath for the use of the Hospital of Pennsylvania, forty pounds of that cu. * ^ 76 COL. HENRY BOUQUET IS rency. I give and bequeath to my friend, Thos. Wilhng, Esq., five tracts of land of two hundred acres each, sur- veyed or to be surveyed for me in Trough Creek Valley, by virtue of the warrants granted me at the land office, and now to the amount of Hiirteen, including one to be given by Geo. Croghan, Esq., in the hands of Mr. Robert Cal- lendar, living near Carlisle, in Cumberland county ; amount- ing in the whole to two thousand eigl.c hundered acres, for which 1 paid only the warrant money. I give and be- queath to John Schneider, the boy who is bound to me, tne sum of fifty pounds currency to be paid him when he is of age by Col. Haldimand, to whom I recommend my ether sf rvants. All my just debts are to be paid, consist- ing ; resent in one thousand pounds sterling, besides in- teresvo to Mr. G. Heneman, solicitor of the Swiss troops at the Hague in Holland— in my note in hand to account current wi'th Mr, Adam Hoops, the note being for two hun- dred and fifty pounds being without niter-st— in a bond upon mortgage to Mr. Roberts for the sum of one thousand pounds currency with interest. I give and bequenth to my father, if then living, or after him, to Col. Lewis IJoaquet, and to his heirs all the effects of any nature, w^hatsoever, which I may be possessed of in the continent of Europe, without exception. I constitute and appoint my friend, Col. Frederick Haldimand, my heir and executor, and to him I give and bequeath all and everything which 1 may die possessed of in North America, without any excep- tion whatever, upon the condition of paying my just debts and above legacies. My estate, consisting for the present in the farm called Lono; Mcudoivs cnlarf^ed, situate in Fred- erick county, in the Province of Maryland. | Bouquet re- ceived the grant for this estate Sept. 16. 1763. It con- tained, as owned by him, 4,163 acres of very valuable land. Frederick county, Maryland, at that time included Wash- ington county, within whose present limits the estate was located near the Pennsylvania line.] The deeds whereof are now in the possession of the above named, Roberts. The said farm to be sold with the saw-mill, tan yard, houses, tenement and appurtenances on the same for the payment of my debts and legacies — in the eighteen AND HIS CAMFAJGNS. 77 hundred acres of land above mentioned, to be surveyed for me in this Province and remaining after deductmg the five tracts given to Mr. Willing— in my share of the She- pody lands if then in my possession— in my apparel, bag- gage, furniture, stores, &c., in my pay and arrears which may be due me at my death — in my share of the Carolina Plantation after the accounts are fully settled between Messrs. Guinand and the others concerned, all of which I betiueath to Col. Haldimand, and I hereby annul and de- clare void, and of no effect, any other will which I may at any time have made previous to this day, cs this present will and testament contains my last and leal intentions and disposition, and is to take place accordingly. In witness whereof, I have wrote, (written) signed with my own hand and affixed my seal to this last will and testament, in the City of Philadelphia, in Pennsylvania, this twenty-fifth day of Time, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hun- dred and sixty five. Henry Bouquet. Signed, sealed, published and declared by the testator as his last will and testament in our presence who sub- scribed the same as witnesses in his presence and at his request. ^>' ;jamin Chew, Jo. lURNER, Thos. Turner. The will was probated Nov. i, 1765, on oath of the Turners, the other witness, Mr. Chew, being the register general. S jon after this and evidently with a good deal of reluctance, Gen. Bouquet set out for his new station at I'ensrcola, where he arrived Aug. 23, 1765, in the deadliest season of the year, and at once fell a victim to the fever so fatal to unacclimated persons. The following extract from the Pennsylvania Magazine for Thursday October 24, 1765, tells the sad story : "On Tuesday last arrived the sloop William, Capt. Rivers, in thirty-six days from I'ensacola, by wliom we learn ten sail of t^-ansports with troops (to relieve those on that station that are going home) arrived there, and that there has been a great mor- tality among them, ten or twelve dying of a day, amongst which was the gallant and worthy officer, Ikigadier Gen. A * 78 COL. HENRY BOUQUET Bouquet. This gentleman had served his Majesty all the last war with great distinction. He was promoted from conscious merit not only unenvied, but even with the ap- probation and good wishes of all who knew hmi. His superior judgment and knowledge of military matters, his experienced abiliiies, known humanity, remarkable po- liteness and constant attention to the civil rights of his Majesty's subjects, rendered him an honor to his country and a loss to mankind. He arrived the 23d of August, and died Sej)tember 2." Thus in the midst of his grow- ing fame and in the full vigor of manhood this superb man, who had faced death unscathed a thousand times in the forests and thickets of Pennsylvania, met his un- timely end from insidious disease, just as he was about to begin his career on a new theatre of action in the far dis- tant south. He died universally regretted, and his character and ex- ample were commended by contemporary writers as worthy of imitation by young officers who desired to win a lasting fame in the pubfic service. He sleeps in a soldier's grave, far from home and kindered, far from those who knew him but to love him. But warm and grateful hearts in the North land cherished his memory and fame with fond affection 118 years ago. And although for a time oblivi- on's waves seemed to have almost engulfed him, yet we see the dawn of a brighter day and feel assured that the fame of Boucjuet will shine forth bright and beautiful as in days of yore. In the forum of all grateful hearts, among the descendants of Colonial ancestors or i)ioneer setti .rs, a monument deserves to be erected to the memory of Henry Bouquet more enduring than Parian marble or Corinthian brass. Reverently and gratefully I pay him this tribute, and would that it were indeed an amaranthine chaplet to adorn and perpetuate his memory, yea to call forth the homage "f the good, the brave and the true, as the centuries go n arching down the corridors of time. houquet's grave UNKNO' 'N. Bouquet's grave at Pensacola is unmarked and unknown. During the past ten months very thorough researches have It AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 79 been made by the military authorities on the Gulf, but all in vain, as the subjoined letters indicate. War Dki-arimknt, Adjutant General's Office, | Washington, February 13, 1883. / My Dear Sir : Your letter of the 9th inst. enclosing one ad- dressed to our Ministei at Great Britain, has been received. It affords nie great pleasure to aid you all I can in this matter, and I have accordingly submitted your letter to Mr. Lowell, to the Hon. the Secretary of War, for transmission to the Secretary of State for such action as may be consistent with public luterests. Referring to your inquiry of the gtb ult., respecting the re- mains of Bouciuet, I regret to inform you, that the commandmg ofticeratFort Barrancas, Fla., to whom your request was re- ferred, reports under the date of the 7th instant, that he has made search and inquuy in Pensacola regarding the whereabouts of (ien. Bouciuct's r -mains, but has not been able to learn any- thino- about them. He further states that the oldest cemetery at Penlacola was commenced in 1780, and that those best posted in the matter have informed him that all the cemeteries at that phice were destroyed prior to 1780, and that there is no trace ot them left. The old cemeteries at Pensacola were probably destroyed in 1781, when that town was besieged and taken by the Spanish General Galvez. I will make further incjuiries regarding Bouquet's remains and apprise vou of the result. Yours very truly, R. C. Drum, REV. Cyrus Cort, Adjutant Gtueral. C.reencastle, Fmiiklin County, I'a. W\R Dki'A?. ment, Adu'tant General's Office, ) Wasiun.-.ton. March 21, 1S83. f DKAR Sir : I have received General Hancock's answer to my intiuiries regarding Bouquet's remains. He informs me that upon the receipt of my letter he referred it to several oftlcers who have been stationed at !< ort Barn.ncas, Fla., for anv information or suggestions they might have in tjus matter ; that they named certain persons who, they thougnt, could probably furnish the desir-d information, but that ah ettorts in that direction have thus lar p .Acd to be unsuccessful. The commanding officer of Fort Barrancas again • isited Pen- sacola, with a view of obtaining soir- information of the vcinams 1 f-^ A. 8o COL. HENRY BOUQUET ?-.r of Bouquet, supposed to have be buried there. He interviewed a number of gentlemen, old residents of that town, and states that none of them have ever heard of Jiouquet. He also searched the old cemetery, which was deeded by the Spanish to the Catholic church in 1781, but without success, and finally states that — unfortunately — the records of the cemetery as well as those of the Catholic church, were destroyed by fire last summer, and regrets to state that it is impossible to gain any in- formation at Pensacola regarding the whereabouts of Bouquet's remains. I am, yours very truly, R. C. Drum, The Rev. Cyrus Curt, Adjutant General. Greencastle, Franklin County, Pa. General Drum has shown great zeal and persistency in this research. He has always manifested deep interest in the character and career of Col. Bouquet, and as a West- morelander of old and honored lineage, he is anxious to have justice done to the hero of Bushy Run. It remains for the present generation to mark aright the field of Bou- (luet's greatest triumph by a monument as lasting as the hills which were consecrated by the blood and valor of his heroic soldiers. Appropos to this j)art of my subject I will append a poem, which was written in a freight car on the Iowa prairies, whilst the writer was transporting his horse and household goods from one field of pastoral labor to another, Nov. 19, 18S0, the thermometer being several degrees below zero. Bouquet's Grave. He sleeps in an unknown grave, In a far away land. By the South Sea strand, Bouquet sleeps the sleep of the brave. Sleep on, Oh son of the free ! Where the blood of the Scot, F'rom the field where you fought, Ran down to the boundless sea. Ah ! was it not grandly meet, That the gallant Bouquet, In that land far away, Should lie where the surges beat. % AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. Oh Sea ! be an urn for the men, And a requiem bell For the hero who fell, Till the muse shall be crrateful 8i agam. Alas ! 'Tis a burning shame, That the Keystone state Should be tardy or late To cherish the Switzer's fame. Redeemed were your woody hills By the Swiss and the Scot, Let thcni ne'er be forgot While valor the bosom thrills. Awake ! Ye sons of the North ! And the deeds of these men Clasp to your hearts again, And fondly cherish their worth. * Oh, land of the brave and free ! Bright as the noonday sun, Long as your streams shall run Let the fame of the Switzer be. A MONUMENT DUE BOUQUET. In an nvticle written for Frank Cowan's paper, on the P)ushy Run battle, nearly eleven years ago, I asked the ([uestion " does not Westmoreland county, yea all Western Pennsylvania owe a monument to Henry Bouquet ?" In my centennial speech at Hannastown, a year ago, I enlarged upon the same thought and, I trust, that in the Providence of God, I may see the day when the dear old county of my nativity will thus honor herself, as well as the grand hero who has made her soil historic ground. All public spirited people should aid in such a work. It will stimu- late the young to emulate one who, amid perils and priva- tions, by sterling merit and conscientious fidelity to duty, rose fiom obscurity to become the peer of the greatest and best. It will help to demonstrate that no flight of years or changes of human governments and institutions, can oblit- erate the meuK^ry of genuine worth nnd true manhood, as illustrated in the history of Henry Bouquet. % 82 COL. HENRY BOUQUET i ir With Pericles, as amplified by Edward Everett at Get- tysburg, we may say of illustrious men " The whole earth is their sepulchre and all time themilleniumof their glory." Wherever heroic deeds have been done, wher- ever the battles of human civilization have been fought and won, that is hallowed ground, full of deepest interest to every thoughtful, true-hearted man. *' These are the shrines to code nor creed confined The Delphian vales, the Palestine, the Mcccasof the mind." Bushy Run battlefield ought to be, and I feei assured will be looked upon, in years to come, as such a shrine. Here savage barbarism, as represented by Pontiac and Guyasutha," two of its noblest representatives, met the vanguard of civilization, culture and progress, under the matchless leaderslnj) of Bouquet. Here, too, was fought and won the battle which virtually established the supre- macy of the Anglo Saxon race, in the great valley of the Mississippi. " The land is holy where they fought And holy where they fell." Not by British blood and valor /^;- i-ou(piet willed a large tract of land in Trough Valley, ( Huntingdon or Mifflin Co., Pa.,) to Mr. Thos. Willing. This was a brother of Miss Annie Willing, his fair corres- pondent. His extensive Long Meadows estate in Maryland lay a few miles north or north-east of Hagerstown, Md., and is now owned by the I.ehmans, Willems, Cresslers, and others. Col. Haldimand, his legatee, and executor, was his special Swiss compatriot and military comrade. He fig- ured somewhat in the Revolutionary War, and became governor-general of Canada, from which post he retired in 1785, to die in his native Switzerland. Many of Bou- (juet's most valuable papers are included among those of Haldimand, at present, in the British Museum. The time to write a complete biograjjhy of the man has not yet ar- rived. ^ Mr. G. I). Scull, of Philadelphia, residing at Oxford, England, expects to i)ublish a very limited edition of some of these papers during the ensuing year. He claims that on one occasion Boucpiet saved Philadelphia from sack and pillage, the proof of which will doubtless appear in his book. I had hoped to be able to refer to this proposed publication in the preparation of this sketch, but have been disappointed. 11 \ .1 • ii 84 m H- :l .! i COL. HENRY liOUqUET PONTIAC S SUI5M1SS10N. Pontiac, for a season remained defiant, even after his confederates had submitted to the terms of Bouquet. When Capt. Morris went to liim with proposals of i)eace, he met him on the outskirts of his earn]), and refused to take his hand. With flashing eye, he exclaimed, *' The English are liars." And yet he spared the captain's lif j, as he afterwards did that of Lieut. Fraser, Mr. Croghan, and other peace envoys, although his warriors were anxious to slay them. He sought the country of the Illinois, with 400 warriors, where the flag of France still floated, as it had done since the days of La Salle, Tonti, •** JTT y^^sjirW^^^:*^ •vfr-ff-afe^ 86 COL. HENRY BOUQUET I '* Runners were sent to the Winnebagos, of the North, and the Kickapoos, of the South-west, who agreed to help avenge the death of the great I'ontiac. Over the remains a councU was held by the allies, who swore by the great Manito of war not to lay down the tomahawk until the fallen chieftain's d(;ath should be avenged by the destruction of the Illinois Indians, who abetted the cowardly deed of Kineboo. The IMiamis united with the tribes already mentioned, and Bernct, the white outlaw, also with a band of warriors, joined in the bloody strife. The com- bined forces made the most formidable Indian army ever collected in the West. Death and annihilation to the Illinois was the sav- age oath of the ferocious avengers. The smaller towns along the Illinois river were first destroyed, and finally La Vantum, their great capital, which was defended by their bravest warriors, was suddenly assaulted. The skull and cross bones of Pontiac were borne on a red pole by the avengers. Their first attack met with a bloody repulse. A council of war was called by the invaders, at which the leading war chiefs, with fiery eloquence, advocated that nothing short of exttymination of the Illinoisans would meet the demands of the case or be acceptable to the great Manito of war. The Illinois warriors had spent much of the night in dancing and premature rejoicing over the repulse of the assailants, and were taken by surprise in the morning. After terrific carnage, the allies were again repulsed with great slaugh- ter. But again and again they returned with reinforcements^to the conflict. Thus for twelve long hours the carnival of death went on in and around La Vantum, the great Indian city of the West. Night came on, and still the l)attle raged, until a heavy rain storm put an end to hostilities. During the darkness and storm the Illinois Indians crossed the Illinois river in their canoes and ascended Starved Rock, the old site of Fort St. Louis, where Tonti had so signally repulsed the Iroquois. Here the remnant of 1 200 Illinois Indians, including 300 warriors, rallied and thought themselves secure. But the allied forces, not content with the destruction of the town and other property of the Illi- nois, quickly surrounded the Rock, determined to avenge the death of Pontiac by the complete annihilation of all who in any way approved of his assassination. With ferocious veils they rushed up the rugged pathway on the only accessible side of the rocky summit. But brave and desperate Illinois warriors, with war clubs and tomahawks, sent them bleeding and mangled down the steep declivity. Again and again did the fierce avengers attempt to storm the almost impregnable heights. Many were slain as soon as they reached the summit, and hurled over the precipice into the river below. After losing many of their brav- i ^^■^a,,*3&: AND HIS CAMPAIGNS. 87 est warriors, the allies gave up the assault and began the slow and tedious work of starving out the besieged lUinoisans. At the time of the attack upon the town a French and Indian half- breed warrior, named Helix, wiio had greatly distinguished him- self in previous battles, was being married to the beautiful daugh- ter of Chief Kincboo. When the assault was made upon the Rock, Helix stood foremost and most valliant among the defend- ers, and with his war-club dealt death-blows upon many of the assailants. His bride stood near by to encourage her gallant lord, but when she saw him fall with skull cloven by a tomahawk, she uttered a wild scream and sprang over the Rock, falling from crag to crag until her lifeless body dropped into the river below. Fift>'-onc years had elapsed since the rock had been abandoned bv the French, and the palisades and earth -works afforded but httle protection against sharp-shooters who took possession of neighboring cliffs and joined in a galling fire upon the Illinois. Kincboo, whose rash and dastardly act had precipitated the war, was killed in this way. Hut soon a rampart, sufficient to ward off bullets was erected by the besieged along the exposed edges of the precipices. Hut the worst enemy now began to assail them. Hunger began to gnaw at their vitals with remorseless tooth. The smaU suppfy of provisions, brought along in their flight from La Vantum, were soon exhausted. The Rock of refuge became an altar of sacrifice, of whole burnt offering, to the Illinois in the end ; for their relentless foes never relaxed in the siege until the last Illinois but one had perished. A warrior, the solitary excep- tion, let himself down by a buckskin cord into the river on a dark and stormy night and escaped, but all the rest,— warriors, squaws and pnppooses perished. Some of the squaws, in the de- lirium of hunger and thirst, would spring with their infants into the river. Warriors would make a sortie only to be slain or driven back bv the merciless avengers. Some feasted on the dead. The death-song was chanted, and at last, when a final assault was made, only a few feeble survivors remained to be tomahawked. Thus perished the once powerful and arrogant Illinois, and thus terribly was the assassination of the great Pon- tiac avenged. Cheat must have been the magnetism of the man in life and denth who marshalled the conspiracy which nearly drove the ICnglish east of the Alleghenies, and which combined the savage hosts of the lakes and the prairies to expiate ''the deep damnation of his taking off" by a holocaust that is unpar- alleled even in the history of savage warfare and retaliation. Well mav the old site of Fort St. Louis, on the Hlinois river, near Ottawa, Illinois, the scene of the first white settlement in the Mississippi valley, two hundred years ago, be called Starved n (la rMi^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // w. :/. Ux €^- 1.0 i.l !l.25 !rlM ilM 20 11118 i-4 il.6 ^/ r <5>;^t >^ PVintrw .-ranViip Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 145B0 (7)6) S72-4S03 s. fS^ ^v ^ rivations, those pio- neer settlers carved out homes lOr their children and turned the western wilderness of Penn's woods into a fruitful field. Surely a grateful posterity should honor their memory and rise up and call ihera blessed, while enjoying the goodly fruits of their j)ioneer toil. At a still earlier date the Scotch- Irish, led by p.^stors Finley, Power, McMillan, Dodd, Smith, &c., occupied the Sewickly and other settlements, and already in 1781 the old Redstone Presbytery was organized. " The incursions of savages " prevented the first meeting being held at Laurel Hill, the appointed place, and so it met at Pigeon Creek. It is meet, as already said, that the descendants of the hardy Scotch-Irish and German-Swiss should occupy the green hills and fertile valleys of old Westmoreland. By the blood and the sweat and the toil of their pioneer an- cestors, this goodly land has been rescued from savage barbarism. Hallowed be the memory of the brave men and women who nobly stood in the breach in the hour of trial and danger. Pennsylvania has been compared to a sleeping giant, net yet fully conscious of her vast power and resources. With unappreciated modesty, she has failed to assert her riglus, and especially has she neglected to cherish aright the rich legacies of the past, bequeathed by an honest and patriotic ancestry. It behooves us to gather up the his- toric treasures that rightfully belong to our grand old Keystone commonwealth. Our own self-respect and independent manhood de- mands this. It is no less a duty to posterity than a debt of gratitude to our heroic ancestry. The educational effect will be stimulating and ennobling in all respects. i w. m 96 CO I.. HENRY BOUQUET. I'or the sake of religious prindplc, our forefathers crossed old ocean's wave and biaved the dangers of jMoneer life in the new world. In the midst of untold perils, they were true to the principles of civil and religious liberty, as we have already seen, and here on our native hills was fought the decisive L-.ttle of Christian civilization against heathen barbarism. ADDENDA. Referring back to page ii, it is proper to remark that liouquet and Washmgton were i)ersonally on good terms and did not impugn each others motives. Many persons will doubtless feel prompted to contrib- ute toward the erection of a monument to Henry Boucji-et after reading the record of his gallant achievements. All such will please send funds or written pledges to Tames Gregg, Chairman of Finance Committee, Greensburg Pa subject to the disi)osal of the Executive Committee- Coulter, Kline and Gregg— for that purpose. P. S.— After this pamphlet was nearly all in type I learned that at a meeting held subsequent to June 'ig 1883, It was decided to invite the following gentlemen to address the meeting at Bushy Run battlefield, Aug 6 1S83, viz: *'■ ' Hon. James G. Blaine, of Washington, D. C; Dr. Sam'l Wilson, of Allegheny City, Pa.; (ien. James A. Beaver, of Belletonte Pa.; Hon. William S. Stenger, of Harrisburg, la.; Rev. Cyrus Cort, of Creencastle. Pa.; Wm. M Dar- lington, of Pittsburgh, Pa.; Hon. W.' U. Hensel, of Lan- caster Pa.; Hon. Silas M. Clark, of Indiana, Pa.; Hon Wm. Koontz, of Somerset, Pa. Poem.— Frank Cowan, Esq., of Greensburg, Pa. u I'^''^-~?\ Pf'g^ 54, instead of '' Schnorrbock " read bchnorr, Vock. i--