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TUB 
 
 OANADIAN LAND AND EMIGKATION 
 
 COMPANY'S 
 
 AND 
 
 THE BACK COUNTRY OP ONTARIO. 
 
 AS the enquirer about binds in tho country North of the Towns of 
 Peterhorough nnd Lindsay will hear various conflicting reports as to 
 character of tho soil, nnd its HtnoHs for agriculture, some of them 
 depreciatory, a few words ns to the cuuses of sucli reports may not be nmiss. 
 
 It is well known (o nil those thnt have any knowledge of tho geological 
 formation of the Buck Country, that there is a rocky b«l' running in u 
 north-westerly direction from tho neighborhood of King;ston through the 
 Mineral Regions of Mndoc. Marmora, Belmnnt, Burleigh, Harvey, Ac, past 
 Bobcaygeon to the Georgian Bnya littlo Snith of Muokoka Lako. In this 
 belt is to be found the Junction of the granite and limestone formations, 
 the Southern boundary of the I^aurentian. It is very distinctly marked iu 
 Sir W, liOgan's Geological Map ns the Hudson River Group, It varies in 
 width indifferent localities presentin'? only a few fertile patches ; beyond 
 this, however, is a largo tract of excellent land broken only here and there 
 by rocky ridges. Those who go as far North only as the rough tract return 
 with an evil report of tho country, having arrive*) at the not unnatural but 
 certiinly illogical conclusion that it nnist bo worse tho further North you 
 go, and even some ro»!dent.s of tho front, who know otherwise from personal 
 observation, decry the back country for reasons of iheir own, but contrary 
 apparently to their own interests, as tho success of the comparative front, 
 Peterborough, Lindsay and Bobcaygeon for instance, depends entirely on 
 t'le speedy sottlemont of tho back cauntry. Along the Bobcaygeon Road, 
 which badly laid out as it is across the rocky belt nnd across all tho creeks 
 and ravines in the country, gives some countenance to tho repor s, tho 
 Httlent delight to frighten the new comer* with tales, drawn entirely from 
 
 /87Z 
 
the imflginntion, of the sterile nnd rocky chr\racter of the country, the 
 difficulties that beset the path of tho bnckwoodsmnn, the penury nnd 
 generally abject condition of the 8ettlers,4c.; two reasons suggest themselves 
 to account for this, the fact that the Bobcnygeon Kond divides two Counties, 
 and tlwt tho Victoria people endeavour to prevent anyone going back into 
 Peterborough County, and the Peterborough people any one going into 
 Victoria, nnd the natural desire that there may be aniong tlio settlers 
 along the road to sell their own farms and move back into a more fertile 
 territory. With permission of the Author, a ftw cxtiMcts are made 
 from letters that appeared in the Ptlerboroiajh Review in ISOU, and which 
 it will bo seen are compiled from official sources .- — 
 
 TiiK Huron *nd Ottawa Tekuitohy. — "Those who have paid but little 
 attention to this Bubject, have but a very faint iilea of tlio vast extent of 
 territory lying immediately to the north of us, and sufficiently far south to 
 permit of profitable settlement. 
 
 " VVIiile our newspapers are crowded with glowins descriptions of tho 
 fertility of the "Fertile Belt," how few have endeavoied to ditl'uso 
 relial)le information regarding a territory lying at our very doors, a territory 
 containing an area greater than that of one hall' o( tlui old surveyed 
 townships in the Provmce of Ontario, nnd neatly ecjual to that of the states 
 of New Hampshire and Massachusetts combined, po^sc-sing resources 
 capable of affording profitable employment to thousnnds wliose industry 
 would confer great benehts, not only upon this parlicuLir Province, but 
 on the whole Dominion. 
 
 "Without in any way desiring to belittle the groat woet, which we all 
 hope soon to have incorporated as part ami pan-el of the Dominion. I may 
 be permitted to venture the opinion, that the future ol the Huron and 
 Ottawa Territory is of far greater importance to this I'rovince, more 
 particularly this portion of it, than the settlement of the "Koitile Belt." 
 
 " According to official documents, tho area contained in tho limits to 
 which I have already referred, is as follows : — 
 
 ACRES. 
 
 Newly Surveyed Townships 3,7H5,58l 
 
 Unsurveyed portion <),(>^3,8G7 
 
 Making a total of lU,4KiO,448 
 
 "Of the :.urveyod portion there has been published by tho Crown 
 Lands Department a very useful map, which represents, by the use of 
 three dilTerent colours, tho general character of tlie new Townships, in so 
 far as their agricultural and timber resouice are concerned. By reference 
 to this map it will be observed that about one tliird of this portion of the 
 Territory is colored red, which is intended to indii" ite the l.uid IjoBt adapted 
 for settlement, fully another third is coloured yellow, wbii-li denotes "fair 
 land, satidy soil, mixed timber, but generally '-iiine" ; and the remainder 
 is colored blue, denoting '"rough rocky land, limber, principjdly "Hemlock 
 nnd scrubby pine. ' In proof of the correctness of the general estimate 
 thus formed, I may mention that In tho County of Peterborough the 
 settlement is progressing most rapidly in those townships in which the red 
 «olour pr«dominatM, even although they ar« utavly in every inst«no9 tho 
 
nest northerly, and consequently the most inaoeoMabla. F«r instane* 
 while in J 861, there were in the township of Gnlwny, the most soulbsrly of 
 the townships on liie Bohcfiygeon lionu, 83 mtepnyers, in Snowden, tho 
 next township going north but 42, and in Mimlen, ritnnhope nnd Dysnrt 
 combined there were but 45 settlers. Yet in 1868 I find by reference to 
 the Assessment Kolls, that there were in Galwny 111 nitepayers. being nn 
 increase of iS ; in Snowdon 84 or just double those in 1861 ; nnd in Minden 
 Stanbopo anfl Dysiirt combined, the number had increased to 3(K), nearly 
 seven times the number of 1861. Now by reference to the map alluded to, 
 it will be found that tim southeast portion of Galway is colored blue, 
 denoting the worst hmd or rather rock, while the rest of the township 
 (with the exception of abuul. lUDU acres in the south west corner, \^hich ia 
 colourtnl red) is colored yellow, indicating land of medium quality. Coming 
 to .Snowden we lind that fully the South half of this Township is of a yellow 
 colour, but that the nortliein portion is red, being the /irsi good land 
 reported on tho Boboaygeon Koatl, on the eastern side a very small portion 
 of blue is .hown. The next is Minden which now has 144 ratepayers, and 
 is nearly all colored red, a snjiill portion yellow, and no blue. Still further 
 north we hue .St mliope. with 53 "ettlers, about one thirtl of this township 
 (near the ro:ul) is red. while tho reinainder is yellow, and no blue. Lastly 
 we have Dy.sart. wliieh belongs to the Canadian Land and Emigration 
 Company, lying iiiuni^diitely Enst of Minden ; nnd returning in 1868, 103 
 i-atepayers; tlii!s Lown.ship is repre!<ented nearly all good on the map, tho 
 rent being yellow with the exception of about 5U0 acres in the south west 
 corner which is blue. 
 
 "Thus we liivo aflbrded us the very best proof of the general 
 correc'ness of thirl map, otherwise how can we account for the fact of the 
 three Townshiits furthest norta, tho nearest being at least twenty miles 
 further than (ialway from Bobcaygeon Village, making such rapid progress 
 as compared with (ialway. or even Snowden, during the last seven year?. 
 Another pleaj<ing result of the information thus obtained, i^ that although 
 we havo such inoontrovortible [)roofsof the inferior charucterof the land in 
 Galway, yet it is niakin,' a reasonable progress, thereby pro/ing beyond 
 doubt that nuu.Ii of the land colored yellow is capable of nflfording a 
 eximfortable home nnd livelihood to the industrious settler. By leference 
 to a Return laid before the Provincial Legislature at its last sefsion, 1 find 
 that in the Muskok i Territory, also, the greatest number of settlers were 
 located in thoso Townships indicated by this map as best adapted for 
 settlement. <Jt tlio character of the Townships on the Burleigh Boad, tho 
 wi'iter can speak from personal knowledge, that this map is most 
 trustworthy. It i;. unfortunately f|uite true, ns ihis map represents that in 
 Harvey nud Burloigh, and in Galway, Cavendish, nnd Anstruther, tho 
 greater portion ol the Obuntry is of the worst description, but even in the 
 last named rnni-ro of townships, some patches of tolerably good land 
 make their appearance. In the next range there is r. grdat deal of joofl 
 land, riarticuiirly in tho Free Grant Townships of Monmouth and Cardiff: 
 indeecl so great is the improvement which takes place in the character (>f 
 the country, when these uninviting Townships pre past, that' your rw'ders 
 will no doubt be surpriiicd to learn that, of that portion of the Surveyed 
 Territory colour.nl red on this map. about one half of it lies within tho 
 bounds of tho Coimty of Peterborough. 
 
 "This view of our northern territory i>< also borne out by the reports 
 of the Geologic d siuvey. Sijcakiuy of tho goueral ckimotfer of Ontario, nu 
 eminent writer says:— 
 
 I* 
 
'"Tfa« Lnurenluin range of mountaiuft running south wetterl/ and 
 skirting the north shore of (lie St. Lawrence, between Quebec and lIontreAl, 
 but gradunlly receding from that river on approaching the latter city, tends 
 westward from Montreal along the north shore of the Ottawa, sending ah 
 out-Iier or two to remind of its neighborhood tlie traveller on that noble 
 stream. Some distance abovQ Ottawa city— notably at Portage du Fort — 
 the most casual observer may see it crossing the river strong ; and, 
 somewhat moditied in chai-octer, it runs southwni-d to near Brockville, 
 whence, again turning westward, it Ibi-ins a ridge, or rather a collection of 
 hillocks, which shed the rain that fulis upon them southward to Lake 
 Ontario and tf<e St. Lawrence, and north and eastward to the Ottawa or 
 Lake Simooe and the Georgian Bay. 
 
 " When it was asserted, ycnra nso, that the good lands of Canada 
 were mostly sold, settlement had about roachod this rooky ridge.— 
 Roads made in this region showed its uninviting character. Worst of all, 
 the free grants located upon some of these roads gave so poor a prospect 
 that they were abandoiied. 
 
 " But settlement was nieantime turning the flanks of the Laurentian 
 line. First, from the w.ist, from near Lako Simcoe. people found the 
 Muskoka District and Parry's sound not uninviting. Then, from the cast, 
 the men of Limark and of Renfrew move<l up the Madawaska and the 
 Petwawa. Then theCrown Lands Surveyors, ana, better still, the employees 
 of the lumberers, went further back. The further they penetrated into the 
 interior, the better the land became, and the result may be stated thus: 
 that inside the Laurentian barrier, best approached by the Northern 
 Raiiroad and Lake Simcoe on the one hand and from the Upper Ottawa River 
 on th<^ other, there is, in the basin of Ijake Nipissing and the ^vatershed of the 
 Ottawa, both in Ontario and Quoboc. a most extensive tract of excellent 
 land, nearly as large as the peninsula of Ontario, much of it deep-soiled 
 as the basin of the St. Lviwronce, timbered with a heavy growth of mixed 
 white pine and hardwood, much of it as level as the St. Lawrence valley, 
 and some as even as a prairie. It lies, moreover, near waters which either 
 are or can be i^asily made navigable. A market for its farm products exists 
 already in the lumberers' camps, which are even now breaking its solitudes, 
 and but few years will elapse before its fort-sts ring with the settler's axe — 
 before the shores of Lake Nipissing, which is three times as large as Ltike 
 Simcoe, echo to the whistle of the steamboat — or even before a railway 
 runs across it by the shortest route from Montreal towards Chicago.' 
 
 " It no doubt is deeply to be rftgrettG<l that such a barrier should have 
 been interposed by nature, to the settlement of this t«rritoi*y from the 
 townships immediately south of it; and there is but little doubt, thiii 
 many intending settlers have become disgusted with the barren appearance 
 of the country throug|h which the colonisation roads unavoidably pat* e're 
 they reoohed that portion of it tit for settlement." C. 
 
 
 A.oommitteA appointed by the Peterborough County Couoeilf in 1866^ 
 to enquire into the reeowroes and capabilities of the back country, reported 
 that ''where crops, roots or cereals, have been sown in proper season the 
 yield has been equal to that of the most fertile lands in the Province." 
 
 Speaking of the Company's Townships, another writer in the Retiev, in 
 1868, Kiys:— 
 

"I WAS very agreeably surprised at the quantity of good land which 
 I saw in all the Townships, and the prog/ess which has been made in 
 DyBart. The diss of settlers in Dysart nro much better than I expected to 
 find there; I was particulnrly struck with the comfort nnd conveniences 
 which the people enjoy, nnd the absence of discontent which often exists 
 in new settlements ; where there are many hardships to contend with. — 
 Everybody with whom f conversed spoke well of the land. Vegetation 
 was as far advanced in Dysiirt -ind Harcourt, during the latter part of May, 
 OH it was at the "front." Settlers get a ready market for every kind of 
 produce and prices a* good as tit Peterborough, lumbering operations 
 being carried on largely in that district, for which supplies of every kind 
 are required. In general character and appearance the land in these 
 Townships resembjes the country immediately behind the Town of 
 Peterborough, which is now one of the best parts of Canada. There ar^ some 
 lands not adapted for cultivation, but they are inconsiderable in quantity in 
 comparison with the good lands, and will not interfere materially with the 
 settlement of the country." At a Public Meeting held at Haliburton in 
 ("Hitober. 1869, at which were present two of the Directors of the Company, 
 Messre. Kennaway and Gurney. Mr. Qurney remarked : — *'JIe, with Mr. 
 Kennaway. were deputed by the English Company, as two of its Directors, 
 to visit this place and ascertain its capabilities, and he was glad to be able 
 to state that the little he had seen, produced in his mind n favorable 
 impression. Tho boil is not much unlike that on which he lived in England. 
 There is granite, and where that shows itself the land is unfit for 
 settlement ; but there is nmch, most useful soil where granite does not 
 crop up; the quantity of granite shows itsely largely about tho Burnt 
 Kiver, and from thence on to Minden, and is very discouraging ; but when 
 we get out to Dysart we lintl a great ditt'erenco, nnd there are, as in 
 England, large quantities of land particularly suited for grass and for the 
 growth of slieep and cattle. I find amongst the settlers generally a strong 
 impression in which I con3ur tliat the district has good capabilities for 
 wheat, but that its soil is greatly suited for a sheep and cattle growing 
 country. It will, I really behVve, become one day tho chief slieep, wool, 
 and cattle growing country of Canada. ; it is what is called a rolling country, 
 what sheep like, Tho soil is somewhat light, and the land dry, sheep will 
 thrive well on it. The sheep don't mind cold, they suffer from wet, and 
 those which I have seen here look clean, healthy and strong. The cattle, 
 too, though roving in the woods, keep themselves in capital condition, and 
 their appearance would do credit to some of our English Farms." 
 
 The OouDty of Pet^ifborough, and particularly tho northern portion of 
 ft, is wonderfully healthy, and in this respect, as well as in picturesque 
 scenery, it is doubtful whether any more settled district of Ontario con 
 compare with it. 
 
 The nature of the soil in the book country of Peterborough, a rich 
 sandy loam, is such that on the disappearance of the snow the farmer is able 
 at once to commence ploughing, rendering the farming season practically 
 very little if at all shorter, than in other parts where the climate is 
 somewhat milder but the soil is more obstinate. The latitude of tho back 
 Townships referred to is somewhJit south of Ottawa and Montreal. Tho 
 
sne&D t«fi3pernture is of «oarB« slightly lower thnn in tha country 
 immediately south of it bordering on Lnke Ontario. The winter, however, 
 is more cnlm and steudy, and the cold is not inconveniently felt. The one 
 great nnd only d''a^\back*'to the progress of settlement in the Company's 
 Townships is the want of Better access; the representatives of the Town 
 anil County oIK Peterborough, hov/ever, are now so fully alivo to the 
 importance of securing the growing trade of Dysart and the adjoining 
 Townships, that, in conjunction with the Company's Manager, they are 
 making every effort to secure the completion of the Buckhorn Road, a 
 direct road Ivom the Town of Peterborough, which will shorten the distance 
 to Ilaliburton by at least 15 miles, and give a more level line, traversing a 
 better section of the country ; much of the Townships of Cavendish and 
 Glanmorgan being well adapted for settlement. Tlio cooperation of 
 the Government of Ontario is now confidently reckoned upon. 
 
 A charter for the construction of a Wooden Railway from Peterboro' 
 to Ilaliburton was, through the matrumentality of Mr. Blomfield, ably 
 seconded by Mr. Carnegie, M. P. P., and others, secured in January, 18ft9, 
 and Wooden Kiiilways, about which little was known in the Province at that 
 time, are now receiving considerable attention, and have recently been 
 favorably reported upon by a select committee of the Legislature as 
 admirably adapted for promoting the rapiil settlement of the back country, 
 and for a considerable tradic where a high rate of speed is not of the first 
 importance. They siro easily and cheaply constructed from the maple of 
 the country which they traverse. Other charters for Wooden Riilroads 
 have been obtained in both Provinces. A wooden Railroad from Quebec 
 to Oosford, a distance of over twenty miles, has already been constructed 
 by Mr. Ilidburt, well known for the improvements which he has introduced 
 in these Railroads. The Government of Quebec have granted to these 
 "Colonization Railroads" 3 per cent per annum for 20 years on the total 
 outlay, and the advocates of these Railroads, for the Province of Ontario, 
 not unreasonably supposed that a like aid would be granted by the 
 Legislature of Ontario equally interested in the settlement of their 
 magnificent territory. This however was not secured during the session of 
 1869-70, and without such aid the Peterl>orough and Ilaliburton Railroad 
 cannot bo constructed. The pi-oject however is by no means abandoned . 
 Government aid is confidentially expected during the ensuing session by 
 members interested in these useful enterprises, and there are other lines 
 from Haliburton giving equally good access to the front where the cost of 
 construction will be less, and ti»e material aid more ; the municipality of 
 Dysart is always ready to give a liberal bonus to any Company that will 
 carry a Riilroad to Ilaliburton. Those, therefore, contemplating 83ttliug 
 in the Company's Townships need not be deterred on account of the 
 
present means of access, but they may rely with confidence on a direct 
 
 road being constructed from Peterborough to Halib-jrton in 1870, or 1871 
 
 at furthest, and may feel satisfied that a railroad will be opened to . j 
 
 UMibu,.to„ at no <.Ut„„t ^'^■'■lyf.Jf;l,£l^M^/^pU^'( 
 
 An arrangement that the Company has made witRL-Mr. Boyd of 
 Bobcaygeon, for the getting out of Saw Logs and their manufocture into 
 Lumber, will for some years give employment to i\ largo number of hands, 
 and supply an excellent market to the settlers at their own doors. The 
 Company yearly expends considerable sums in the construction of roads 
 and various works, such as mills, &c., and gives liberal aid to various 
 institutions and enterprises. The municipality of Dysart i.. the lichest in 
 the back country described above on account of the largo . ..kos paid 
 yearly by the Company ; the sum collected is judiciously expon ied by tlio 
 Council in opening up roads, and constructing brid;:os and publif 
 buildings. 
 
 There is, therelore, an excellent prospect for aworkin'4 u .n in the 
 Compan;."- Townships. Industry cannot fail to bring its re-.^ ud. If the 
 farmer happily has enough to keep him conrortably for the Hrrt V.vo years 
 he can labor on his farm with a certainty of a speedy and ample 
 remuneration, if ho has not, but has a strong arm and r. willing hand, ho 
 can, by working out part of the year, supply the wrnts of himsolf and 
 family, while he can be gradually clearing and improving his propoiiy and 
 paying for th© land which cim bo obtained on very easy terms. 
 
 These are advantages that are not offered in the Free Grant Districts, 
 and which did not fail to strike Mr. Cherry, an impartial observer, whose 
 letter is appended hereto. 
 
 The Government of Ontario has tmdoubtedly adopted a wise and 
 liberal policy in giving away lots to actual settlers, but any one acijuainted 
 with the country knows that the first cost of the land is a minor 
 consideration, and that many a lot from its situation is dear as a free grnnt. 
 The real thing for the u mer to look to is the quality of land, the advantage 
 of situation, access by road, probability of Municipal or other aid when 
 required, proximity to mills, stores, schools, and post office, ready and 
 remunerative market, and the facility of obtaining employment at fair 
 wages ; these material advantages the Company is in a position to o.Ter. 
 
 The greater portion of the Company's Block of nine Townships is 
 ex<yllent farming land. Dysart is now a well settled Township, with large 
 clearings. Ilaliburton is beautifully situated at the head of Like Kushog ; 
 it is making rapid progreu ; tber* are alreftdy Mveral etorti, the post 
 
8 
 
 office supplies a triweekly mail each way, the journey to and from 
 Peterborough by conveyances, which carry the mail, is only 1 i days. There 
 is a respectably conducted tavern where the traveller can obtain good 
 accomodation. The Company has recenly erected a house for tho 
 convenience of families, until their own can be put up; the Grist and 
 Saw Mills are now entirely in thrt hands of the company; the Grist Mill 
 is the best in that section of country, and the Saw Mill is in good running 
 order, arid will be further improved to supply the wants of the settlement ; 
 by the joint librality of tho Diocesan Church Society, tho Company and the 
 settlers, a clergyman of the Church of England, the Rev. G. C. Mackenzie, 
 is permanently established at Ilaliburton. He is now actively engaged in 
 collecting funds for the erection of a Church, which it is exi)ectod will be 
 opened in tho summer. Other religious denominations, to which the 
 Company has also given some Jissistance, are well represented byClcrgymen, 
 at present from the adjoining village of Mindcn. The schools are well 
 conducted. An Agricultural Association has for some years been properly 
 organized, and the Agricultural Exhibitions have been not unworthy of an 
 older country ; a Literary Institution, Readhig Room and other evidences 
 of civilization show that the settlers are only behind their fellow 
 countrymen in their geographical position. 
 
 Free Grants are offered along the Peterson Road, where there is good 
 land, with the view of connecting Dysart with the settlement in the 
 Township of Harcourt. In order to encourage the latter settlement the 
 Company has recently purchased the Saw Mill in that Township and is at 
 this date engaged in the erection of a Grist Mill, and is opening up roada. 
 Efforts are being made to secure the extension of the Burleigh Road, which 
 will give direct access to Peterborough. Uarcourt comprises much 
 excellent land, although not offering as yet tho same conveniences as tho 
 older settled Township of Dysart. 
 
 In the Township of Guilford good farming land can be secured at a 
 lower rate than in the adjoining Township of Dysart. 
 
 I 
 
 The'writer will conclude this sketch with a few words to the English 
 Emigrant who contemplates trying his fortunes or founding a home in 
 Canada. 
 
 Tho Country referred to is not suited to tho skilled artisan of London, 
 or other largo city, accustomed to hidoor work, but the industrious 
 farmer, or farm labourer, with small means, will do well to settle in Aie 
 Company's Townships ; if they know something of carpentering, painting, 
 hioduuilh work, roaduftking, or are what are termed ''handy men" they 
 
1 
 
can get good wages for good work, but the English Emigrant should ba 
 cautioned against the common fallacy that a man can farm if he can 
 do nothing else. Let him understand that industry is above knowledge 
 and that he cannot hope to succeed unless he makes up liis mind to work, 
 and above all to keep steady. With a little knowledge, and a good deal of 
 industry and determination, a man need not fail to make a good living in 
 the Company's Territory, and in a few years to attain to a competence, and 
 in many instances a position that ho could not hope for in England. 
 
10 
 
 Peterborough, Ont., November 27th, 1869. 
 
 C. J. Blomfield, Esq., 
 
 Manager Canadian L. & E. Co.y 
 
 Dear Sir, — 
 
 I h.ave much pleasure in acceding to your request to give you my 
 opinion of, and experience in the Cuiadiiin Land and Einigi-ation Company's 
 Township of Dysart, for your own information and the benefit of intending 
 settlers. I left England on the 30th of September last, reaching Peterboro' 
 on the Tuesday week following, and on the Friday left by stago 
 for Bobcnygeon, by stage to Minden next morning, thence by royal mail 
 skiff to Hiiliburton, where I arrived about 8 o'clock the same evening, the 
 whole distance being about 72 miles. I would remark tliat the difiiculty 
 of reaching the Townships is a groat drawback to the settlement, and I am 
 convinced that were the projected railway open, or even a direct and good 
 carriage road, it would assist more than anything else to the rapid 
 settlement of the Company's Townships, many intending settlers having 
 been ilisheartened by the difficulties of the road and returnetl to the front 
 without reaching the Township of Dysart. Before leaving Petorborongh 
 on my stating that I was going through to Haliburton I received very 
 discouraging accounts of the country, and truly the road between 
 Bobcaygeon and Minden is extremely rough, and the country rocky and 
 apparently unproductive, so that I was agreeably surprised ut the general 
 appearance of Haliburton. 
 
 As I went there with a view of seeing for myself the nature of the 
 country, and the prospect it held out to the English settler, before making 
 any investment, I worked round amongst the farmers collecting all the 
 ini'ormation and opinions I could. On the whole 1 .im favorably impressed 
 with the country, though very different to any tiling 1 hatl anticipated. The 
 soil in parts, more especially round the lake shores, encumbered with 
 large granite boulders, is a light loajn, well adapted for the growth of all 
 the haider sorts of grain and roots, which attain great perfection. I was 
 a.ssurod by several persons, speaking from their own experience, that (he 
 cost of the land clearing, fencing and cropping is more than returned in tho 
 lirst two years. The land is very thickly wooded with luiid wood, such as 
 elm, maple, ie., which, in the event of tho i'MihT.iy being built, will be of 
 considerable value. What particularly struck me was the hopefulness and 
 contentment of the settlers, one even looking on the granite boulders as a 
 source, if not of wealth, at least of convenience, when lie would be able to 
 put up his stone house and replace the rail fences with .stone walls. 
 
 Tlie farmer need fear no difficulty in disposing of his produce, all that 
 ho can rai.so will, for many years to come, be eagerly purcliased at his own 
 door by the lumbermen at as good prices as he would obtain at tho front 
 after being at tho exjienso of sending it thero. 
 
 I had an idea on leaving England the Government Free Grant Landi 
 
11 
 
 would bo the best •nvostment, but from what I have seen 1 am convinced 
 they would in the end bo much dearer than the lands of the Canadian 
 Land and Emigration Company, from the fact of the difficulty of reaching 
 them; the settlers would have to a great extent to make his own roads 
 and send a distance of from 10 to 40 miles for all stores and to the nearest 
 mills, besides being completely isolate<l for many years to come. 
 
 To tlie intending Emigrant I would say, if possible leave vour family 
 behind till you .-ee your way before you, come in the early spring or 
 summer so tint you may become accustomed to the ways of the couiury 
 while work to wliicli you have been used is plenty, so that in the fall you 
 may either take up your own land and set to work chopj)ing for yourself, 
 or hire out to chop for others, as in the country districts th'is is the 
 prmoipal work during the winter ; the use of the axe is easily learnt, and 
 a good axeman need never be out of work, either on a farm or in the 
 lumber shanties. 
 
 I am, dear Sir, faithfully yours, 
 
 FRANCIS CHERRY. 
 
 Late H. M. C. S. 
 
 2* 
 
IS 
 
 DIRECT COMMUNICATION BETWEEN 
 PETERBOROUGH AND HALIBURTQN 
 
 I?irect communication between Peterborough and Haliburton bv 
 connecting stage is given three times a week; journey being made in 
 
 Mondays, Wedxesdavs and FRmAYS, stage leaves Peterborough at «> 
 p. m^after arrival of trains fi-om Port Hope, and reaches Bobcaygeon at 
 
 Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, stage leaves Bobcaygeon at 6 a m 
 arriving at Mmden at noon, from which point stage leaves about 1, arrivin.^ 
 at Hahburton between 5 and 6 in the evening. " 
 
 In the Summer, Stage takes passengers only to the foot of Lake 
 Kushog, 2 mUes from Bobcaygeon Road, whence they are conveyed by boat 
 to Hahburton. ' 
 
 TABr.E OF DISTANCES. 
 
 From Port Hope to Peterborough, by railroad. T 30 mn«- 
 
 - Peterborough to Bobcaygeon 'S) u 
 
 BobcaygeontoMinden.. .... tn r 
 
 " Mmden to Haliburton '.' !.*"..' ■'.'.".'.'.';; jg u 
 
 at E^itmln'.''* from Bob<mygeon to Haliburton-leaving Bobcaygeon Road 
 *L!lT M ? J^'lu" ^"^'^ '^ Minden-45 miles. Parties teaming 
 through should take this road and save 4 miles. Good accommodation at 
 Bobcaygeon, at SUver Uke 9, Kinmount 20, and Eastman's 28 mile, fmm 
 Bobeaygeon. 
 
13 
 
 TERMS OF SALE OR LEASE. 
 
 Farm Lots can be purchased at the following prices : — 
 
 (1.)— In Dysart, i?2.00, Guilford, Ilarburn and Dudley, $1.25, and 
 in other Townships $1 per acre, cash down. 
 
 (2.)— In Dysart, $2.50, Guilford, Ilarburn and Dudley, $1.50, and in 
 other Townships $1.25 per acre; one- fifth cash, balance in four annual 
 instalments. 
 
 (3.) — Rented for a term of seven years at an annual rental in Dysart 
 of 20 cents, in Guilford. Ilarburn and Dudley of 12^ cents, and in other 
 Townships of 10 cents per acre, payable in advance, with the right of pre- 
 emption at the rate of. in Dysart, $3.00, Guilford, Ilarburn and Dudley 
 $2.00, and other Townships, $1.50 per acre. A reduction will be made to 
 lessees purchasing before expiration of lease, at rate of 6 per cent per 
 annum. 
 
 Town Plot of Hauburton.— Town Lots, chiefly half acre, can be pur- 
 chased at $30, and half lots at $15 each, and Park Lots of two acres, $40; 
 and upwards according to situation. 
 
 Interest at the rate of six per cent charged on all amounts past due. 
 
 May 5th, 1872. 
 
14 
 
 SETTLEMENT DUTIES 
 
 d^If"!! ^f 'T'^'"''"' '^'■'" '" '"' ='<»"^. »' f°r cuUivalion, in each year 
 
 Tow!. Plot OF IlAMBuaTON-.-Ench lot to be fenced, and a good frame 
 ho„.e erected thereon, 18 feet by 24 feet, whhin flrsty^ar ofLa^cy " 
 
 Duti« ""^ri r'° """" '" """""""^ °" """ '■*"""■»' ""• *« Settlement 
 mineral oUs '°"' "'°™ °"'^ '""■'^"'" "' •■"' """«■ ■"'-*. ""<1 
 
 Till jlLUli Liu m 
 
 mnHIU4l»»mft 
 
 ications for lots must be addressed to ^ "^ ^^J^^^c 
 
 All applications for lots must be addressed to 
 
 C. J. BLOMFIELD, Esq., 
 
 Manager Canadian Land and Emigration Company, 
 
 George Street, Peterborough. 
 Ob to 
 
 ALEX. NIVEN, Esq., P. L. S., 
 
 Agent Canadian Land and Emigration Company, 
 
 Halibubton, 
 Who alone are authorized to receive moneys on behalf of the Company. 
 
 InformaUon may also be obtained from 
 
 .T. W. IRWIN, Esq., Port Hope, 
 .,^ ■• MOSSOM BOYD, Esq., Bobcaygeon. 
 
 There are aJso a few improved p)X)perti6s for sale, far« and villas 
 lots; for particularfl apply to the ^fanager, ,/? (7c/U^^/. 
 
^-^/ 
 
 J 
 
 SixcE the above was written the predicted aid to Railroads has been granted 
 by the Legislature to the extent of from $2,000 to $4,000 a mile. The 
 Kailroad from Peterborough to Haliburton which, it had been by that time 
 decided to make an Iron Road, would have been entitled to and would 
 doubtless have received at least $3,000 a mile, and this with the Bonuses 
 already granted, and which could have been secured, would have sufficed 
 to have built the Road at a trifling cost to the Stockholders. Owing* 
 however, to the apathy of the people of Peterborough, the Charter was 
 allowed to pass into other hands and Railway communication with Peterbo- 
 rough is no longer contemplated. In the meantime, however, the Toronto 
 and Nipisding liailroad is bei(»g completed to Coboconk, ^ o which point i t 
 i«4atended to run trains, and from this point to Minden, a distance of only 
 20 miles, a good road will be opened, by Midsummer 187^. This will bring 
 Haliburton within one day's journey of Toronto without any further railway 
 extension. The Fenelon Falls Company, however, proposes to branch off 
 at Uxbridge, and construct a line via Lindsay to Fenelon Falls, and thence 
 subsequently to extend up the Burnt River Valley to a point, probably 
 Haliburton in the first instance, where the supply trade with the lumbermen 
 of the Ottawa tributaries can be secured. Other Railway Companies also 
 have in view a connection with Haliburton at no distant date. The Buck- 
 horn Road is now in course of construction under instructions from the Hon. 
 R: W. Scott, Commissioner of Crown Lands, and by an arrangement 
 between the Company and Mr. Strickland the Burleigh Road is being 
 extended into Harcourt, where a flourishing settlement is being established^ 
 w hi e h w i l l also be connected with Haliburton by a road more direct than 
 the Peterson. The Telegraph from Bobcaygeon tp Haliburton i» in oour se 
 of oonatruotion and a n nffinp w i ll b e opened tMB^summer. The Church 
 referred to in page 8 has been completed, and two small Mission Churches 
 have also been erected in S. W. Dysart and S. E. Guilford. The Presbyte- 
 rians hope to have a handsome Chureii and Mp.nse this Summer. A Town 
 Hall has recently been erected and a eommbdJoMs Hoteb is- »ow being 
 opaaed- and a number of excellent houses are rapidly springing up in 
 Haliburton. 
 
 0> <7« Bi 
 liarch \hih, 1872. 
 
Montreal Ocean Steamship Go. 
 
 
 A-LLAN LINE. 
 
 UNDER CONTRACT WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA, 
 
 tOB THB CXiNVEYAXCE OF TUB 
 
 CANADIAN AND UNITED STATES MAILS 
 
 Running in connection with tho Grand Trunk and other Railways, and 
 forwarding passengers on easy terms to all Stations in Canada. 
 
 CABIN FARE: 
 
 FROM LIVEEPOOL BY THE MAIL LINE, 18 and 15 GUINEAS 
 
 AND 
 
 BY THE GUSGOW LINE, 13 GUINEAS. 
 
 Cabin Fare includes Provisions, but not wines or Liquors, which can be 
 obtained on board. 
 
 Steerage Passengers £6 6s., to either Quebec, Boston, New York, 
 including a plentiful supply of cooked Provisions. 
 
 Baggage taken from the Ocean Steamships to the Railway Cars free of 
 expense. 
 
 •' t For Freight or Passag J, apply in Glasgow, to J. and A.ALLAN; in 
 LOttdon, to the EMIGRATION OFFICE, 84, Gresham House. Old Broad 
 Street, or to MONTGOMERIE and GREENHORNE 17, Gracechurch Street, 
 City; in Londonderry, to ALLAN, BROTHERS & Co.,'Foyle Street; in 
 Dublin, to A. D. PALLEN, 19, Eden Quay ; in Quebec, to ALLAN, RAE & 
 Co. ; in Montreal, to H. and A. ALLAN ; or in Liverpool, to ALLAN 
 BROTHERS & Co., Alexandra Buildings, James Street. 
 
 During the Winter Months the Steamers Sail to Portland instead of Quebec. 
 i^Passengers can book through to Port Hope or Peterborough.