IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 7 // // C'x Q.r :/ 1.0 I.I 1.25 IIM 112.5 iM 1112.2 iU 40 2.0 -L4. Ill 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation « V ;\ \ «^ .*. <^ % V ^ " (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END "), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole -^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd A partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 (No. c ?'• TH -Blind] The < Ecrni . Eami Asstt .'Cost < ^ Shod< ■' ^i Co»t I ■x.y ^, ' -i -**- *• -■■^♦-■>-' ■ ■ -7:^ ■ - k -- -- '• the "S/ First ¥ The Thp 'The The The The The "^IF TT The Reciprocity Delusion ai Futile Panaceas......... ai FONBiMENTAL ¥Wmm 1IF TRti £»|iSllH^ AS OUTLINED IN FIRST PRINCIPLES, AND SUGGESTIONS FOR NATIONAL REGENERATION. The Introduction a3 Infsllibility of the Law of Life 09-. First Principles H EncrgiMd E^, Seeds, Grafts and Buds. . ay The Primal Elements of Creation 35 The Govemmg Spirit of the Creator. 30 The Beginning 01 Creation 31 The System m Creation. 3a The Life- Imparting Spirit 26 The Potential Leviathan Electricity 27 The True Home Rule Systm of Government. The Monarchical Democracy 36 The Present Canadian System.... ...... 36 The United States Sjmtem 37 The Duty of the Clergy and Press 37 The Equal Rights Association 37 What Will Xfiff Di> With It ?.....;..... . 38 Thf U, S. Deceptive Sur|>hu.^.>....^, .... 38 The Great Cooncil of the People* ...:..... 40 Editor of " Th« Dominton WatQhmnn," FARKDALK, ONT., QAITAPA. [Pricb,. twenty-five cents.] rH ./ .!'T5' *■-,*-■' "--tr ■ >-,^-^. „^;.^ ■:)■ l^WSPi-P-P-S!!-»fl P*/jLH,^ •», *> Ci I &■; i -%«, «^*.; A .-. ■ ■■•'; ^:^. k'' ^'''" ■ "■■ • f ^ ■' ■ r ■ • ■ ' , -^ir^ * ' ■ "I' J ' ■! .. ' ' ■ " ft t; ' Eot«^ According to Act 6f the' P(UrliaBi«tfi of Cftiftdn, in the year one 1thd\i«iMide^r inn* ^• dred <^ nfc>etj(,^l^" G«pROE D. Griffin, in,W)e office of tl^c Win^ei; oJ^i^5jrfci^«Hre/ '^^ -■■ St- ■l. , ••'• ... ,.f & '^'" t^::- , 1-- / : -■■■ • i-'^::; -is 4V", ^~ '4 \A * V, '.-^ .•^' i^' '%H>^ ::"\'-^ "^ . ./ : f .-,v :.■ ■ / r fe''<'/^V\' "; 7%m^'- '■A < '.' ■ .-->-■■ . i ■■■ ' Blindness of Each Political Party. The rulers of Canada in Parliament assembled have, in the recent words of the Minister of Finance, asserted that Canada is prospering ** in a thoroughly satisfactory manner." The Opposition members of Parliament assert it is not so, but that Canada is going to ruin. Neither political party furnishes a balance sheet with data to prove these statements true, as always required by practical business men. They furnish receipts and expenditures ; how much borrowed, but not how much earned. The Government, including both political parties, has always assumed that when the taxes are paid they must be earned. Any business man might as lationally assume that he earned all he spent for living during the year, and consider it unnecessary to make up a balance sheet to ascertain whether he had been encroaching on his capital or eating up the capital of his creditors. The result of the neglect to furnish a reliable balance-sheet is, that the voters who un- derstand the importance of a national balance exhibit, have ceased to have con- fidencv, in either political party ; they want to know the truth, if the heavens fall, for to follow either party is but blindly following blind leaders of the blind. If not blind leaders, then unprincipled tricksters. They can choose whichever horn is most in keeping with the manifestation they make of themselves. It is the essential duty of Government to furnish the people through the press with a clearly defined financial statement, showing the aggregate amount of taxes annually paid to all our governments, Dominion, Provincial and Munici- pal. This they have never done, but have all along assumed that so long as the taxes are paid they have all the evidence necessary to prove the people able to pay them, and asserting, as has been repeatedly done, that the aggregate in- crease of imports and exports was the true test of national prosperity, and not the exct. of exports over imports, as every rational business man is as well aware as he is that, unless he has the balance in his favor at the end of the year, he is going behind. The Dominion Government has never furnished an exhibit of the annual earnings and expenditures of the people to learn whether, after feeding and cloth- ing themselves and paying the taxes, they were annually increasing or decreasing in individual and national wealth. In this matter the Government is certainly weighed and found wanting. The Government of the United States in their census returns, give the as- sessable wealth and the cost of all their governments. Since 1861 the Canadian Government has given neither in our census returns. Why this dereliction of duty ? The apparent probable reason is that, if taken as in each previous census, the sum in proportion to the liabilities would startle the people. From the cen- sus returns of 1870 the United States furnished exhaustive returns, which give the average earnings per head of the whole people, and the average cost of living, and the amount of taxes paid out of their earnings, all of which can be seen in a condensed shape in the United States Emigrant Commissioners' Report, issued in 1872. Why did not the Canadian Government do likewise? In not furnish- ing the people with this essential knowledge the Qoyeri^nnetit weighed itself, and the verdict is — Found wanting. • .^^^- The Cost of all our Governments. To remove the three-ply veil (the cost of our three-fold system of government) with which the people are blinded, this Budget furnishes an exhibit, one secured with great difficulty and labor, and at large expense ; an exhibit carefully collated from forty years of Government returns, and arranged so that with but little earnest effort each voter will be enabled to see whether the financial exhibit of the Government is enlightening or is deluding ; whether it throws light or sub- merges in darkness the financial condition of the Dominion, and whether the Dominion is "prosperous by leaps and bounds," as stated by one Minister of Finance, or " the leaps and bounds " are down the broad pathway to a bound- less financial abyss. This finance Budget will enable the people to understand- ingly pass judgment upon the statesmanship of the rulers, and upon the inutility of sending members to Parliament who have hitherto proved themselves incompe- tent — except to gulp down and waste the heritage of the people. The Government returns show that in 1841, before our so-called responsi- ble and Municipal system was adopted, the cost of government in Canada was only $1.00 per head, or $5.00 per family. That m 1861 the cost of the general government alone was $10.08 per family. To that we must add the cost for mu- nicipal government, about $5. 00 per family. In round r mbers, for the general and municipal government in 1861, $15.00 per family, and in 1866 it was $23.00 per family. The Government returns show that in 1875, nine years later, the separ- ate cost of the Dominion Government alone was more than the cost of all our governments in 1 866, as follows : 1875. For Dominion Government $26.27 " " Provincial " 10.22 '• " Municipal " 13.51 I Total per family $50.09 The data proves that the cost of all our governments. Dominion, Provincial and Municipal, more than doubled in nine years. In the recent Budget speech the Minister of Finance stated that the total expenditure for 1890 for the Dominion Government alone in round numbers was $37,000,000. From that deduct for post-office and public works, and the balance was in Parliament stated to be $30,613,000. In round numbers that is $30.00 per family. The last official report of the Ontario Government states that the cost in Ontario alone for Municipal government in t888 was $5.05 per head, or $25.25 per family. That is, more for municipal government in Ontario in 1888 than it was per family for all our Governments in 1866, prior to confederation. That shows that the municipal rulers are no wiser or more competent than the Provincial and Dominion rulers. in some of the other provinces the cost of the municipal governments is not so high ; the probable average amount for all the provinces will likely- be about $20.00 per family. The cost of all our Provincial Governments in 1875 was $10.22 per family. It is more now, but if in 1890 It is placed at $10.00 per family the sum is as fol- lows : its. ernment) e secured y collated but little exhibit of lit or sub- ether the inister of a bound- iderstand- lutility of incompe- responsi- nada was e general It for mu- e general is $23.00 the separ- )f all our ncial and )eech the )ominion educt for ed to be the cost head, or in 1888 deration, than the Us is not 3e about r family, is as fol- 3 1890. Dominion Government $30.00 •• Provincial " 10.00 •• Municipal " 20.00 Total annua! sum of taxes per family $60.00 The national returns of the German empire for 1869, that is, after the great war with Austria, and while preparing for that with France, show that the cost for government was $125,412,120, which to the 7,500,000 families is only about $15.00 per family, or only one-half as much per family as for our Dominion Govern- ment — without armies, navy, ambassadors or consuls. The tax-payer asks why it should cost so much more in Canada for government than in Germany. Will the rulers a true answer give ? The United States census reports for the following years show the cost of their Federal Government for the years given, which obviously will average about the same in the intervening years : 1791. $ 5.00 1820. $11.25 1850..$ 9.50 1800.. 11.25 1830.. 9.55 i860.. 12.10 1810. . 9.20 1840 . 8.40 ■■■■9 The facts presented prove that for the whole 70 years up to i860 the annual cost of the United States Federal Government averaged only $9.50 per family, and in i860 only 85 cents per family in excess of what it was in 1800, or sixty years before. Then why is it that our general Government, which in i860 only cost $10 per family, in 1890 costs $30 per family. Will the rulers a true answer give? The United States census returns for i860 show that " the total taxation not national," that is, alone for State and Municipal government, was $3 per head in that year, or $15.00 per family. If the $9.50 for the Federal Government is added to the $15.00 it makes the average cost for all their governments $24.50, say $25.00 per family, annually, for all their governments for the seventy years pre- ceding their Civil War. The tax-payers of Canada want to know why they should pay more than double for government than those of the United States paid under similar conditions up to i860. Will the rulers a true answer give ? The rulers may reply, " Look at all our public works." The Canadian tax- payer answers, " Each State of the Union had its public works, and the Federal Government had its army and navy, its ambassadors and consuls ; its Indian wars, its war of 181 2 and the Mexican war." Moreover, it purchased of other countries the larger half of their domain up to i860. Besides, our public works were all built with borrowed money. The Government report in the Budget just presented of the cost of all our public works up to 1890, shows therefor $146,- 178,405. And that the net debt is $234,500,000. The deficiency is over $88,- 000,000. Where is it, unless used for running expenses of government in excess of the taxes collected. In the comparison with the United States it may here be said that in i860, that is, up to that date, they had a surplus from taxes of $32,979,000 in the Treasury, and owed nothing for public works. The point we have come to is this, that the Canadian public works were not built out of the taxes, therefore rulers of Canada cannot hold them up as an offset against this enormous cost of government, but have spent all the taxes collected and $88,000,000 more, not for public works, but for spoils of office. The tax-payers ask the rulers what they have done with all this money. Will they a true answer give ? « Earnings Per Family in the U. S. The next point to be considered is, do the people of Canada earn sufficient annually to feed and clothe themselves and ])ay alt the taxes, directly and in- directly levi'id upon them ? The government, as before related, has made no effort to ascertain what the earnings of all the people will average per faniily, nor what the average cost of living per family, as they have in the United States. It may be assumed that our relative position as two people are so similar, both in regard to origin and manner of living, that we can reach a fair estimate by takint; their returns for a guide. It will be found that the earnings in Ontario and the United States is $ioo per head, or $500 per family of five. The U. S. Census' Reports show for the seventy years previous to their Civil War, that after deducting the slaves, the unimproved lands and the money brought in by emigrants, the average annual increase of national wealth from earnings from Census period to Census period was only $10.00 per family, on an estimated earning of*$5oo per family of five, or only two per cent, of their earnings ; and that that is the full margin is evident from the fact, that in the periodical Census Reports there was no allowance for the periodical increase of acreage that was brought into use that was valued as part of the earnings, whereas the land was there in each previous Census period. The only thing that should have h::en valued was the improvements, and this specially applies to the en- hanced assessment upon all city, town, and village lands or property. In a true assessment, that will show the increase of national wealth from earnings ; if the land is included it will not, and the returns be unreliable in relation to showing the real increase of national wealth. To assess the land is only a scheme of the rulers to increase the taxation. For example, the Constitution of Illinois pro- hibited any levy of taxes beyond a certain percentage on the assessable wealth. The rulers, in order to borrow more money, doubled the valuation. The U. S. Census Reports bring us to the fact, that if we add the $10.00 per family increase in national wealth annually, to the $25.00 for cost of all their governments, the sum is $35.00, and that amount the sum total of all they earned annually, after feeding and clothing themselves. That is a very important fact to be remember- ed The facts related amply prove that when the cost of government in the U. S. began to exceed, say $35.00 per family of five, there could be no possible in- crease of national wealth through earnings. That fact is sufficiently confirmed by the U. S. Emigrant Commissioners' Report, above referred to, issued in 1872 and founded upon exceptionally accur- ate tables, of the earnings per head and the cost of living in each State of the Union, which, when collated by the Commissioners, proved that in 1870 the earnings were $100 per head. The Commissioners divided the population into families of four, and showed that while each family of four earned $400 annually, that it cost each family just $400 to live. The Commissioners thereby proved that in the U. S. in 1870, there was no possible increase of national wealth from earnings, not one cent a year. The report further stated that of that $400 the government received $40, which is $10 per head, or $50 for a family of five. And we have seen by the other U. S. returns, that each family of five had only $35 from earnings to pay the $50 with. The natural result has been that the s. ^ sufficient tly and in- n what the age cost of umed that origin and turns for a d States is their Civil the money tal wealth per family, nt. of their that in the increase of gs, whereas hat should to the en- In a true ngs ; if the to showing eme of the inois pro- }le wealth. The U. S. ly increase ments, the ually, after remember- it in the U. possible in- imissioners' nally accur- tate of the 1870 the lation into o annually, eby proved irealth from It $400 the nily of five, e had only :n that the ) $15 annual ditlficiency was borrowed, which shows why U. S. periodicals have reported that the mortgages over the United States are three-ply deep, and the annual interest $1,000,000,000. The Emigrant Commissioners capitalized that $40 received by government at 5 per cent., which would be $800, and on that basis said that each emigrant was worth $800 to the country ; that is, that each $40 eat up by government enriched the U. S. just $800. Repeating the state- ment, some of our Ministers of Finance have asserted that to be the value of each emigrant .0 Canada ; and in April 14th, 1874, in the Budget speech got it twisted so as to state that the earnings in the U. S. was $800 per family in place of the $400 shown in the U. S. Census Reports, and there was not a member of Parliament who knew enough to rise up and point out the utter ignorance of the Minister of Finance, to show him how little he knew of what he was talking about. The Emigrant Commissioners and said Minister of Finance would equally find it difficult to balance their imaginary estimates with the actual returns. The U. S. Census Report for 1870 shows that in 1870 the cost of all their governments, Federal, State and Municipal, was $623,501,521, and that divided pro rata to each family of five to their then 785,843 families, is within a f'-action of $80 per family lor government, with only $35 to pay it with, after feeding and clothing themselves, or an excess per family for government of $45 annually. In 1870 that excess amounted to nearly $350,000,000, and from 1870 to 1890 it has averaged in round numbers about $280,000,000 annually for government in excess of all the earnings of the people, after feeding and clothing themselves, and there is no difficulty in showing how this enormous excess for government for over twenty years, amounting to $6,000,000 000, has been floated in various ways with borrowed money. It may, however, be stated that the returns show that the U. S. owed Europe $6,000,000,000 in 1880. They have borrowed some $2,000 000,000 since, and the U.S. Bureau of Statistics shows that in 187 1 alone, they borrowed over $1,591,000,000, and in so far as their Federal debt is con- cerned, there is no payment made out of earnings. The census returns of 1880, as set forth in Harper's Magazine^ in 1884, show that their Municipal debts increase as fast as they pay off the Federal debt. The increase in the Municipal debt from 1870 to 1880 was 77 per cent. In stating the fact, the Boston Journal^ in Dec, 1884, said that it was one of the most difficult problems that they had to deal with. The U. S. financial data is furnished for two reasons, ist, to let intelligent Canadians see that the supposed prosperity of the United States is a delusion, and that the statements in their press and by others no wiser, that *^^heir real wealth in 1880 was $43,600,000,000 is a delusion, for in vol. 7, page 24, of their census returns for 1880, it will be found as stated by the Census Commissioners, ]that the assessable wealth was only $16,903,000,000, the difference, or $26,000,- 000,000, being the sum of their imaginary wealth. That the Census Commis- sioners were right is proved by the census of i860, which, including the unim- I proved lands, was about the same per family as in 1880, when it was $337 ^per head, or $1685 per family ; whereas, if $43,600,000,000, it would be $4,300 I per family. No well informed man will believe that to be the average wealth of [each family in the U. S. In a recent issue of the Detroit Free Press^ it is stated that the U. S. have |$55,ooo, 000,000 of wealth, and as a proof, asserts the banks have $i,oc j,ooo,ooo )f deposits. That statement is on a par with the other. The census retuKcs show $1,133,000,000 in 1880, deposited in the hanks. If it had all been there it would have been wealth, but the returns show that while the banks were in debt for the amount, they only had about $1.^0,000,000 of the sum in their vaults, ' and therefore had lent over $1,000,000,000 of it to those who had to borrow ; ■ why ? because their cost of government was about $300,000,000 annually in ' excess of all their earnings, after feeding and clothing themselves. It is clear that the scribe who wrote the statement did not know the difference between a bank liability and a bank asset, and he is not the only one who thus deals in imaginary wealth. More than one of our Canadian editors have done the same thing. The fact is that while some are accumulating wealth, the masses are daily becoming more and more impoverished, more and more the slaves of the Egyptian rulers and money lenders. Second — the other reason for giving the American data is to show how possible it is for Canada also to appear prosperous, while her rulers and money lenders are submerging the people in impoverishing liabilities. Let us see. I^^s, Earnings per Family in Canada. The Ontario Bureau of Industries for 1885 reported that the average rental in Ontario, in 1885, was $2.80 per acre for farms. The total acreage in Canada in 1 88 1, as given in the census returns, under cultivation, was 21,817,717 acres. If we estimate 23,000,000 now at $2.80 per acre rental, the sum will be $64,400,- 000. But as no such average rental can be got in Quebec and the Maritime Provinces, and in fact a large amount of acreage in Ontario could not be rented at any price, one million of which is not in the Ontario returns for 1885, therefore, the actual rental for all the cultivated land in the Dominion will not exceed $60,000,000 annually. Then, if all the cultivated land in Canada was under rental, it would only just pay the cost of all our governments, without any allow- ance for insurance and depreciation of buildings and repair of fences, which at a very low estimate would be $10,000,000 annually. In the U. S. the estimate for fences alone is $1.00 per acre annually. The obvious fact is, that the farms do not belong to the farmers, that they are simply the slaves of the Egyptian statesmen who rule Canada, and toil the year round to pay rent to those who live on the spoils of office. It will naturally be said that as the farmers are only one half the population, all that $60,000,000 of farm rental does not go for government. That view seems reasonable, but the Ontario Bureau of Industries proves the contrary. The official report of the Ontario government for 1 886, shows that the annual earnings of those called employees is $500 per family of five, and the total cost for rent, fuel, food and clothing to be $464, leaving a balance of only $36 to pay the doctor, minister, for insurance, for light and wear of furniture, school books, small sundries, whiskey, tobacco, etc., etc. It will be seen under cost of govern- ment and interest, that the present cost for government and interest to Britain is $78 per family annually. It is obvious from the above exhibit of earnings and expenditure, the employees do not pay half of that sum for government out of their earnings, not over $35, if even that much, leaving a deficiency of $43 per family ; then there is about twenty per cent, of the population who are not 1 there it re in debt eir vaults, 3 borrow ; inually in It is clear between a IS deals in the same lasses are ives of the giving the irosperous, loverishing la. rage rental in Canada ,717 acres. p $64,400,- Maritime be rented , therefore, lot exceed was under any allow- which at I estimate the farms Egyptian those who rs are only not go for Industries the annual i total cost $36 to pay ool books, of govern- I Britain is rnings and lent out of 3f $43 per 10 are not counted for earnings. These, ministers, doctors, lawyers, insurance men, bankers and other money lenders and their clerks, school teachers and government otticials— who pays the taxes of all these ? Professor Hrown, of the Ontario Agricultural College, estimated the average profit on cultivated land after deducting labor and taxes was $3.00 per acre, and the returns show that the average acreage per farm of cultivated land is 55 acres, therefore, after rental and labor, only 20 cents profit per acre, or $11 per farm annually. Evidently it is not the farmer who is prospering "thoroughly satisfac- tory," as stated in Mr. Foster's speech, but the government officials who get their pay whether the crops grow or not. always borrowing on the credit of the people for every deficiency in the tale of golden '* bricks " demanded ; and in round num- bers it takes the sum of nearly all our exports to pay the cost of all our govern- ments and the annual interest to Britain. In the light of the overnment data who owns the assessable wealth of Canada? Clearly not the producers, not the farm- ers, not the manufacturers, not the employees, not the real estate speculators, not the money-lenders of Canada, bankers and mortgage-holders. Who then ? The only rational answer is, the rulers of Canada and the money-lenders of Britain. It is above made clear that the average earnings in Canada, as in the U. S., is $500 per family of five. Assuming that Canadians earns $35 per family annually, besides feeding and clothing themselves, as it was thus averaged in the U. S. for the seventy years before their civil war, and then deducting the $35 from the $60, the cost of all our governments in 1890, it is seen that there is a deficiency of $25 per family, which is equivalent to $25,000,000, which in some way or other is to be borrowed in 1890. In proportion to the deficiency not borrowed there will be financial stringency, and if no borrowing, a financial crash. That this is no imaginary statement, the following is selected from the speech of Mr. White, M.P. for Cardwell, on the Banking Act, and reported in the Empire of April 24th, 1 890. "The hanking system in Canada during the past 15 or 20 years, has not been fully tested. The reason was because the government, the railway, municipal, and other corporations have been constantly borrowing money abroad. The Dominion Government the last fifteen ycirs had borrowed $200,000,000. The C. P. R. had borrowed many millions. The G. T. R. and other railways had borrowed largely, and the Provincial Governments had followed the same course, and the result was that by means of these loans, the supply of foreign exchange had been kept up, the means of liquidating foreign mercantile indebtedness and of remitting interest on !|foreign loans supplied, and r strain had not been put upon the banks that otherwise they would have Sustained if they had been compelled to pay foreign indebtedness out of the resources of the fcountry. They had been maintaining their present condition by securing these foreign loans, but the moment they ceased to do so, and were thrown back on their own resources, they must necessarily fall into a condition which would expose the utter inadequacy of the present bank resources." Mr. While should have added, unless the government take immediate steps to immensely reduce the cost of all our governments. Mr. White has evidently carefully studied the writer's book on '• Banking and Currency," which we gave him when issued in 1883, and which he promised to carefully examine. Mr. White's may be startling information, it may not be believed ; the prece- dents show it will be a fact, and a fact in which every tax payer and every business man and every banker is deeply interested, and our own government returns for iSqo, which are confirmed by British financial exhibits, show that for more than twenty years Canada has borrowed from Britain $20,000,000 annually. , £ 8 The Canadian Government returns show that, if the earnings and cost of living in Canada averages the same as in the United States, from 1870 to 1890 the cost of government has been in excess of all the earnings of the people, after feeding and clothing themselves ; that up to 1876 the excess was about $42,000,000, and there is evidence to prove that the business men of Canada through tariff and excise advanced that sum, and the result a financial crash, which the then Minister of Finance declared " was not the fault of government, but of the incompetency of business men." The farts, however, show that this large sum in excess of earnings was the fruit of ii government, and that the $42,000,000 was floated for the business men by the oanks until the banks stag- gered and some fell under the burden, as the following bank returns amply prove : BANK RETURNS. Jan. 1st, 1872. 1873. II 1874. II 1875. 1876. Discounts. $86,800,000. 107,200,000. 118,362,000. 144,027,000. 127,400,000. Deposits. $56,200,000. 58,800,000, 61,800,000. 79,190,000. 64,590,000. Paid up Capital. $38,500,000. 47,282,000. 53,191,000. 58,459,000. 61,271,000. The above amounts prove that in the four years ending with 1875, with a gradual decrease in manufacturing and building industries because of scarcity of money, resulting from the taxation being in excess of the earnings, the loans of the banks increased about $57,000,000. The preceding data proves that $42,000,000 of that $57,000,000 was advanced by the banks to the business men io pay tariff and excise in excess of the ability of the people to pay their taxes and store accounts. The bank returns further show how the banks raised the money to advance to the business men. They show that their deposits or bor- rowed money increased $23,000,000 and the bank capital nearly $20,000,000, in all about $43,000,000. But of that increase in deposits, it must be remembered that a certain percentage never existed except in the imagination, but is the amount the banks require their customers to leave in the banks, of the amounts lent them, to lend to some one else. That sum at this time was not less than $4,000,000, which shows that the net increase in gold by deposits and bank capital was $43,000,000, and the bank returns for January ist, 1872 and 1875 show that at the end of the period their gold had only increased $1,018,023, and that, added to the $42,000,000 advanced to the business men to pay taxes, balances the $43,000,000 increase in gold the banks received by way of capital and deposits, and at the same time proves that the whole $42,000,000 the tax payers were unable to pay from earnings, was advanced by the banks to the business men to indirectly, through tariff and excise, pay the taxes their customers could not pay, for gold is only wanted by the merchants to pay for excess of imports over exports. The gold, as fast as received, went to the merchants to pay for foreign goods in excess of the ability of the tax payers to pay their accounts and the taxes. Were that not so the gold received by way of capital and deposits would have been in the vaults of the banks. The tax payers could not pay, the merchants h£:d no surplus funds, the business men to pay borrowed of the banks, they by way of increase of capital and deposits raised the $42,000,000 ; and when these resources failed and fell off ^12,000,000, as the above returns show they did during 1875, the financial nd cost of m 1870 to the people, was about of Canada icial crash, )vernment, w that this 1 that the 3anks stag- iply prove : 1875, with 3f scarcity the loans •roves that siness men :heir taxes raised the its or bor- 3,000,000, tnembered le amount ent them, 000,000, ipital was ow that at lat, added ances the deposits, yers were ss men to 1 not pay, orts over ar foreign and the its would jnds, the 3f capital id fell off financial stringency began to develop, which compelled the banks to cripple their custom- ers as evidenced in the above returns, which show $17,000,000 decrease in dis- counts during 1875, and corresponding therewith a decrease of $15,000,000 in deposits. The result, a decrease in bank circulation and increased stagnation in business. The facts show that through the excessive taxation, the rulers of Canada fettered together the tax payer, the merchant and the banker, and cast them into a financial bottomless abyss, in which the merchants lost $42,000,000, and the banks. Sir Francis Hicks stated, 25 per cent, of the value of their capital, or $15,000,000. The bank returns prove that but for the government deposits, accrued through excessive taxation and deposited in the banks, all the banks, includ- ing the Bank of Montreal, would have been obliged to close their doors. No better proof of the fact is necessary than that Mr. Cartwright, the then Minister of Finance, in his utter ignorance of the financial position of the banks and of the country, notified the banks, when he ran short, that he must have the government deposits. The banks were terror stricken, for it simply meant that every bank, from the bank of Montreal down, would have to close their doors, and no bank being able to redeem its notes, all business would come to a standstill. In their dire distress the bankers got both Gioie and Mai/ (on all other questions at sword's points) to unite in requiring that in place of closing all the banks, Mr. Cartwright must go to Britain and borrow, which he did. The cost of government in excess of earnings continued ; receipt of taxes fell off ; government deficiencies increased, the natural result a financial crash, which was not relieved until an increase of borrowing set in, which has continued ever since, as also stated by Mr. White, M. P., and that has been aided by increase of home manufacturing, thereby largely reducing imports that demand gold. The sayings and doings of our rulers and of the members of Parliament, from the highesi to the lowest, from the eldest to the youngest, except Mr. White, is ample proof that they have never grasped the facts and never digested the bank and government returns. If the Opposition in Parliament had known, they would have set forth these things, for if they knew and did not they would violate their Parliamentary oaths ; and the party in power have not known, or they would not, as repeated this year, 1890, through the Minister of Finance, have asserted that the country was " increasing in prosperity, and is in a thor- oughly satisfactory condition,^' while the facts related prove that the cost of all our governments is many millions annually in excess of all the earnings of the people, after feeding and clothing themselves ; neither would they, with any true financial ability, endeavor to prove their assertions true by citing the increase of govern- ment deposits on interest, and of bank capital and deposits as proof, for the government returns and the bank returns all show that all these deposits and increase of capital have gone down the government throat. The Government deposits go into the banks. That is proved by Mr. Cart- wright's demand of the deposits from the banks. The monthly sworn returns from the banks for March 31st, 1890, show only $6,242,310 of specie. In Oc- tober, 1863, the specie on hand was $7,482,350. In 1872, $5,000,000. In 1875, $6,000,000. There is less now than in 1863. Capital and deposits are specie. The total capital over $60,000,000, and deposits over $130,000,000, March 28, 1890, in all over $190,000,000, and all gone except about $6,000,000. Investi- gation shows that practically the whole $184,000,000 by way of tariff and excise lO paid by the merchants has gone down the government throat as part of the cost of government in excess of all the earnings of the i)eople after feeding and cloth- ing themselves, and so perfectly seen in the $42,000,000 before described. Is it any wonder that business men stagger, that manufacturers and merchants and bankers fail, not from their " incompetence," as asserted by Mr. Cartwright, when he was Minister of Finance, but because of the blindness, the ignorance and incompetence of the rulers ; and Mr. Cartwright also said in his Budget speech in 1876, that *' neither he nor his predecessors in office were responsible for the industrial and financial depression, and that the people could yet bear heavier burdens." That is the Egyptian taskmaster's assertion once again to the oppressed voters in Canada now required by the rulers to produce the full annual tale of (golden) bricks which, if they cannot be earned, must be borrow- ed. The Canadian tax-payers must " politically " throttle them by their votes, and thus dispatch them to oblivion, as Moses did the Egyptian. And Mr. Tilley, in 1873, said the increase in bank capital and deposits in the first five years of Confederation" was proof of the wonderful progress of our people." The in- crease was $57,487,000, and yet when he was speaking there was $3,752 less money in the banks than at the beginning of Confederation. The preceding facts teach that if the people had been able to feed and clothe themselves and pay the taxes, the capital and deposits would have been in the banks in specie and bank notes in circulation, in accordance with the princi- ple upon which the charters are founded, that is, to furnish bills in place of spe- cie. And it should be remembered that Government has not used the capital and deposits for permanent improvements, because what the Government has borrowed in Britain is, according to Mr. Foster's recent Budget speech, as above shown, over $88,000,000 more than all expended for public works. The United States at the close of the Civil War had $5.00 of currency per family where we have one, and now have about $3.00 per family where we have one, which teaches that if all the gold and the deposits which the Government has devoured were in the country and in circulation, there would not be too much for the true industrial and commercial interests of the country ; and it should here be remembered that all mortgages, all notes of hand, given for amounts due and all amounts overdue, and a very large proportion of retail accounts, are a currency just as much as Dominion notes and bank notes, for they, too, are notes of hand. The fact and not the name of the currency is the essence of the matter. It naturally follows that all Dominion, Provincial, and Municipal bonds are a currency, and these facts prove that the $183,000,000 ofbank capital and deposits would not cause an excess of currency, in proportion to the real requirements of business, if it had not been devoured as spoils of offices by government. It would not suit the money- lenders, who argue that a high rate of interest is a sign of national prosperity. The . world was not made for money-lenders alone, and their ignorance will not always pre- vail. Therefore itiscertain that no bankshould sell abill of exchange upon a foreign country until it has a bill drawn against shipments to the country drawn upon to balance. It was the violation of that true principle that closed the doors of every bank in Canada that has failed. When they sell a bill in violation of that prin- ciple it is not a bill of exchange, it is a sale of either capital or deposits — a sale of the specie upon which the bank is founded. And these February returns show, if we call every $1,000,000 of the $183,000,000 of capital and deposits the sus- taining pillars of the bank, that there is only $6,000,000, or about 6 out of 183 left. Currency is the life-blood of commerce, in proportion as it is leached away i II of the cost 5 and cloth- ibed. Is it chants and Cartwright, ; ignorance his Budget responsible Id yet bear igain to the jce the full* be borrow- their votes, Mr. Tilley, ve years of " The in- laws 2 less » feed and ive been in the princi- lace of spe- the capital •nment has 1, as above 'he United ire we have ches that if jre in the industrial bered that :s overdue, I much as le fact and lly follows and these t cause an it had not le money- •ity. The . ilways pre- 1 a foreign n upon to s of every that prin- — a sale of rns show, the sus- ut of 183 hed away to pay government interest to Britain, as the far^s show it practically has, there is decrease of national strength, depression, stagnation and bankruptcy. And yet the political sages, of whom the " Dominion Committee " of 1876 was formed, reported that the " Dominion depression was beyond legislative control." They should have added, " so long as the cost of government continues to be more than all the earnings of the people after feeding and clothing themselves. The practical result of this Government financering is that the banks and the Government savings banks are the medium through which those who deposit their money help to make up the deficiency of those who, out of earnings are un- able to feed and clothe themselves and pay their taxes. It is also manifest that those who deposit by increase of taxation, in the end pay all the interest they re- ceive on their deposits. And as in the twenty-five per cent, decrease in the value of bank capital in the last financial crash, the owners lose a large proportion of the dividends received. And, as with the Israelites in the wilderness, are in the end no richer for their surplus gatherings. The sum of this exhibit is, that the excessive cost of government is the ori • gin of the failure of the banks, of the failure of business men, and the impover- ishment of the people. That all are the victims of the ignorance and consequent incompetence and extravagance of the rulers. And that rulers and ruled are all floating in a borrowed ark and are floating down the stream of poverty to the whirlpool of financial crashes. Cost of Government in Excess of Earnings. The data above furnished prove that the excess for government over earn- ings from 1870 up to 1875 was about $42,000,000. The government returns show that the excess for taxation over earnings in 1875 was about $10,000,000. It was hereinbefore shown that for 1890 the excess will be $25,000,000. If it is averaged at $20,000,000 for the past fifteen years, the sum is $300,000,000, which, added to the $42,000,000 prior to 1875, makes $342,000,000. When the principal has not been paid, and there has been an annual borrowing in excess of the interest, it is fair to assume that there has been no interest paid out of earnings, and we will not in the aggregate be far out of the way, if we assume that the $342,000,000 excess is added to the interest, that the round amount will be $400,000,000 which it has cost Canada for government from 1870 to 1890, in excess of all the earnings of the people, after feeding and clothing themselves, and that is equivalent to $400 per family. If we examine to see how that $400,000,000 for government in excess of earnings has been balanced, the records show that in twenty years our debt to Britain has increased $400,000,000. The Canadian government returns show that excess of imports, and the London Economist confirms that our debt to Britain increases in the same ratio that our over importations do, and the London Times, examining the records, asks, " What is the matter with Canada ? she appears to be living on borrowed money," and again the London Times states, '* Canada is a nation of bankrupts, living on borrowed money." In the light of the facts the Canadian taxpayer asks the government, " What are you going to do about it ?" and unless the rulers can devise full and per- petual deliverance, they will find they are weighed and found wanting. 12 The Assessable Wealth of Canada. The Dominion census returns since i860 do not give the assessable wealth of Canada, as they should, to be of practical financial value in estimating the assets and liabilities of the country. However, it is possible to approximate the amount. The Ontario government returns for 1886 give the assessable wealth of Ontario a' $705,000,000. If we assume that all the other provinces, which are in the aggregate less wealthy, have a similar amount, the total is $1,400,000,000, or $1400 per family. In Ontario in 1886 there were in round numbers 9,000,000 acres ot assessed unimproved lands, which, at an average of $5 per acre, is $45,000- 000, which should not be counted as national wealth any moie than public lands, except for the purpose of fattening the tax eaters. It is no stretch of the imagina- tion to estimate the city, town and village lands at their high valuations thus assessed, at $55,000,000 (nationally of mythical wealth). The $100 from the $1400 leaves $1,300,000,000, or $1300 per family. Further, in 1887 the assessable wealth of Ontario is placed at $1875 P^r family. In 1872 the Ontario government showed it to be only $910 per family. The assessors appear to have followed the precedent set in Illinois, above related, and have doubled the amount, and remember from 1872 to 1887 the cost of all the governments has been more than all the earnings of the people, after feeding and clothing themselves. Therefore, if there has been any increase of assessable wealth, it is not the increase by earnings, but the increase by borrowed money. In the United States, in 1850, a country very much older and with the slaves counted in, averaged $1550 per family; omit the slaves, and for similar lands the average will be about $1250. That average for Canada is over $200 per family more than the Ontario municipal returns give for 1872. Therefore, it is evident that a considerable amount of the increase is borrowed money invested in improvements, the interest of which is often more than the returns and another large amount, in assessing increased acreage, which does not show an increase of earnings, but we will take the returns as they are, to show financially where we are. The London Economist, in 1887, showed that Canada owed Britain ;;^i35,- 000,000 sterling, or about $650,000,000, By the first of June, 1890, the sum will be at least $700,000 000, and the annual interest $28,000,000. That is, it would take the whole assessable wealth of Ontario to pay the debt of the Domin- ion to Britain. The liabilities of the business men and corporations to the chartered banks were, March 31st, 1890, in round numbers $190,000,000. There is held by the Loaning Societies $100,000,000 of mortgages ; about $30,000,000 of the amount is included in the debt to Britain, but that is about balanced by chattel mortgages. Then there are all the notes of hand and liabilities to private banks not in- cluded in those held by the chartered banks — say $50,000,000 ; to that add all the private mortgages, say $30,000,000, and then all the accounts due business men, not otherwise included, say $100,000,000, a total of $1,1 70,000,000 to stand against $1,300,000,000 of assessable wealth, leaving only a balance of $130 per family for the whole country. Bad as that showing is for the statesmanship of our rulers, it is worse in the United States, for if in that country the liabilities are deducted from their net assets, no asset per family will be found. 13 lada. Cost of Government and Interest. isable wealth ng the assets 3ximate the le wealth of s, which are ),ooo,ooo, or rs 9,000,000 , is $45,000. )ublic lands, the imagina- lations thus 10 from the $1875 per per family, love related, ostof all the feeding and f assessable d money, h the slaves imilar lands ;r $200 per jrefore, it is ey invested md another increase of here we are. ain £iSSr 10, the sum That is, it the Domin- ered banks leld by the :he amount mortgages, nks not in- add all the iiness men, and against per family our rulers, i deducted I I I'here is about $10,000,000 of the $28,000,000 interest to Britain included in the cost of all our governments. If we add the balance, $18,000,000, to the $60,000,000 for government, the sum is $78,000,000 or $78 per family to be raised every year for cost of all our governments and interest to Britain, before there is a dollar for the family; whereas in i860 there was only about $16 per family for government, and about $5 for annual interest to Britain, or a total of $21 per family, which, deducted from the $35 of surplus earnings after feeding and clothing the fiamily, showed an annual increase of national wealth from earnings, of $14 per family, or $4 more per family than the increase was in the U. S. up to the commencement of their Civil War in i860. The $78,000,000 annually, in ten years amounts to $780,000,000, or $80 - 000,000 more than the assessable wealth of Ontario, and in twenty years to $160,000,000 more than the assessable wealth of the whole Dominion, and is $43 per family or $43,000,000 a year in excess of all the earnings of the people after feeding and clothing themselves. There are items on both sides of this Budget not collated ; to do so would materially extend the account without affecting the aggregate facts, because one would so nearly balance the other that there would be no material difference. The aim has been to furnish the tax payer with a clear understanding of the present aggregate financial condition of the Dominion, and the imperative ne- cessity for national regeneration. Shoddy and Fraudulent Goods. It is a law of nature, it is a law of life, that the father is innately the educator and the protector of his children. The ruler of a nation stands in relation to the whole people the same as the father does to the family. If he is a paternal ruler he is the father of his people, if unpaternal he is their evil one. We have had rulers in Canada, and chief rulers, who prided themselves in not being paternal rulers, therefore necessarily not righteous rulers, but were wolves and not shep- herds of the national flock ; they need not have gloried in proclaiming it to the people as they did. The cost of government for the past twenty years, in excess of the earnings of all the people, after feeding and clothing themselves, is ample to prove that they were not paternal, that therein they violated natural law, the law of life, and therefore violated the divine institutes of Jehovah, and as the Redeemer taught that there is no neutral ground, that man is either a child of God or a child of the Devil, it inevitably follows that the unpaternal ruler is not the servant of God, that he is the servant of Satan and glorying in his father's transgressions. These unpaternal rulers taught and teach that they had no right to interfere with the thief and the robber, who through the import and manufac- ture of shoddy and fraudulent goods, rob and poison the people. For at least forty years this system of robbery at the hands of foreigners has been going on, and when in all that time has any government of Canada attempted to protect the people therefrom, except in a Satanic way, that is, they have in late years ap- H pointed inspectors to examine certain eatables and fraudulent mixtures, for which they now pay over $23,000 annually, but they make no efficient provisions to punish the transgressors, but tax the defrauded ones to pay the inspectors, then let the transgressor go, and by such taxation punish the victim. Is that fatherly after the manner of the Divine Ruler, or fatherly after the manner of the Evil One ? Their proclamation to the thief and robber, not only by word of mouth but by non-interference also, is that every purchaser must judge for himself whether the goods are what they should be, and this, while there is not a member of Parliament, nor a minister of state in office, with all their supposed wisdom, who is able to correctly judge a tithe of the imports in this respect, nor a tithe of those manufactured or concocted in the country ; then how should all the rest of the people know ? If their teaching is true, no father should protect his children from the thief and the robber. If they believe their own teaching, why do they for the sake of appearances, that is. deceitfully, appoint inspectors who cost the tax payers over $23,000 a year; besides what do they appoint inspectors of weights and measures for, and pay them $36,000 a year, if it is none of their bus- iness to prevent fraud ? Through their dereliction of duty they enrich the for- eigner and the thief and robber and impoverish the Canadian tax payer. Why is this so, if not because there is more revenue to the government through the shoddy and fraudulent goods than through good goods. Those who have faith in the wisdom of these unpaternal rulers in defending this system of fraud and robbery, assert that it would be impossible for the rulers to investigate all the various classes of goods to prevent fraud. The answer to that theory is that they find no difficulty in examining all these goods to see that the tariff and excise is paid, and not a cent diminished lest the income of those who live on the spoils of office should thereby be diminished, and it is the absolute duty of government to protect one portion of the people from being robbed by another portion, as it is of the father of a family to protect one portion of it from the nefarious acts of the other. There will be no government in truth and righteousness until this protection is established, and with penalties for its infraction that will be a terror to the evil doer. It is well known that there are no goods either imported or manufactured in Canada except some special patented articles, or the equivalent, which are not imitiated or palmed off upon merchants as sound and reliable goods, and through which their customers ai;e robbed and impoverished, and whereby bad debts accrue to the merchants, and some merchants there are, and some of whom we would least suspect, have encouraged the import, manufacture and sale of such goods because they believed them more profitable to deal in than good goods, in the coveteous imagination of their hearts, aiming to get gain faster by fraud than by honesty. It is no stretch of the imagination to say that nine tenths of the merchants of Canada, if not more, have more or less of such shoddy and fraud- ulent goods on hand, eating themselves up in interest, an eyesore to themselves and a disgrace to the rulers, and through the impoverishment of their customers thereby, thousands of Canadian merchants have been brought into bankruptcy. To make this fact clear, take the sum of our imports since 1850, a total of $3,580,000,000, or nearly three times as much as the whole assessable wealth of Canada in 1890. The writer for the past forty years has had exceptionally good opportunities of seeing these imports, and special reasons for doing so, and no well informed man will place the average percentage of such goods as more or >5 s, for which ns to punish then let the itherly after Evil One ? mouth but elf whether member of isdom, who the of those ! rest of the [lis children ?hy do they ho cost the spectors of )f their bus- ich the for- lyer. Why hrough the 1 defending r the rulers e answer to to see that ne of those and it is from being 3ne portion ent in truth ties for its actured in ich are not id through bad debts whom we lie of such 9od goods, fraud than iths of the and fraud- themselves customers ankruptcy. a total of i wealth of nally good 10, and no IS more or less shoddy or fraudulent, at less than twenty per cent of the amount of invoices for hardware, dry goods, groceries, furniture, carriages, boots and shoes, and in fact every description of goods imported. That 20 per cent, amounts to $720,- 000,000, but that there may be no exaggeration, the estimate is reduced to 16 per cent., and then the sum of the robbery is $570,000,000. One prominent example will indicate the sum not over estimated. If the first rails for the (irand Trunk had been pitched into the sea, and others of as good a quality as those at the same time laid on the Great Western, it would have saved countless detentions, breakages, smash-up's and demurrages, and a world of losses which indirectly was covered by a government loan of $15,000,000 to keep the road run- ning, of which not a dollar of either jjrincipal or interest has ever been paid, and Canadians at the same time were blamed because the road did not pay, when the fault was in the English manufacturers of shoddy rails. That $570,000,000 is based upon the foreign invoice prices which, by the time it reaches the consumer, has added to it for packages, freight, insurance, cartage, exchange, importers' profits, and profits of the retail merchant, about 70 per cent additional, which would be $400,000,000, or a total of $970,000,000, then add about $130,000,000 for the shoddy and fraudulent productions of Canada, and there is a total of $1,100,000,000, or a sum equal to about three fourths of the nssessable wealth of Canada, including all the assessed unimproved lands, and of which Canadian toilers have been robbed in the last forty years, though indirectly, yet practically by its unpaternal rulers, a sum equal to $1 100 per family. Is it any wonder the people are impoverished ? not through their own " incompetence," as stated by Mr. Cartwright, but through the unpaternal ignorance of its rulers. The Cost and Curse of Strong Drink. " Lest there should be among you man, or woman, or Tamily, or tribe, whose heart turneth away this day from the Lord our God, to go and serve the gods of these nations, (and) lest there should be among you (in the Hebrew) a poisonous herb that beareth gall and wormwood, and it come to pass, when he heareth the words of this curse that he bless himself in his heart, saying, I shall have peace (enjoyment) though I walk in the ima^nation of mine heart to add drunkenness to thirst, the curses of this book shall be upon him," that is, as farther on stated, all the curses in proportion as he violates the prohibition act of the Almighty. — Deut. xxix, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, etc. There are none excepted ; no priest or layman, man or woman, family or tribe was ex- cepted then and would not be forever. There are three prohibitions in this Prohibition Act, first — against serving the gods of other nations ; Second — the indulgence in or to have pleasure in any " poisonous herb," which certainly includes tobacco, opium, and all other poisonous herbs, which in their use for pleasure by the law of affinity create a hungering for more and more, but more or less governed by the amount used and the physical nature of the transgressor ; third — the third prohibition is the use of strong drink as a beverage, to take pleasure therein. It creates a thirst for itself and it adds drunkenness to thirst, as all alcoholic beverages do, whether fermented or distilled. The more the drinker drinks the more thirsty he gets, and the more thirsty the more drunken. There is no prohibition of its use for medical purposes. There- fore its value as medicine cannot be used by priest or layman as an argument against total prohibition of the traffic for beverage purposes. God's Prohibition Act is founde j upon the law of life, the violation of which inflicts the punishment, and not any fiat of the I ivt-.e ruler, who states the curse shall lie on the transgres- sor. That Prohibition Act is confirment and sting-'th like an adder. — Prov. xxii. Vi 33- When the wine moveth itself aright, that is upright, as the alcohol does when the wine is in a state of fermentation, as seen bubbling up in the mass, then the Word of God assures us that a cvrse is in it, and is sure to follow those selling and drinking it. Alcohol is a burning, deadly poison. Diluted ai it generally is, it^ action is more or less •low or fast, in proportion to strength and physical constitution of the drinker, nevertheless the Word of God states, and all experience confirms it, that it bites like a serpent, that is, acts in- sidious.y and in the end stingeth like an adder, is as fatal as the sting of an adder. The prophet Isaiah describes wine well refined upon the lees — not fermented — as nourishing and bene- ficent. With alcohol it is a deadly consuming fire, devouring body, soul and spirit. No drunk- ard can inherit the kingdom of heaven. It follows that all alcoholic beverages of every descrip- tion are deadly in their nature. The chief criminal judges of Canada have fur more than 'wenty years been repeating that seven-eighths uf all the crime in the country has its origin in the manu- facture and sale of alcoholic drinks, and the same proportion of destitution, misery and woe upon men, women and children, and of the lewdness, profanity and wickedness existing in Canada. The government is innately educational. What it authorizes is by very many understood to be legitimate, to be righteous. For the sake of revenue to "make their meat plenteous," and for the sake of political support, they have all these years sold " indulgences," that is, peynits, to transgressors to violate Jehovah's Prohibition Act. Remember, Jehovah cannot sell a right, for all rights are innate, then how can any government legitimitely sell their indulgences and call it a right to sell strong drink, to assume to do that which the Most High cannot do. All places for the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages, authorized by government, are government schools, schools of crime and seats of learning which they have established at a cost of $40,000,000 annually which every ten years is enough to build a $400 house for every family in Canada. That sum was in 1880 estimated by the writer upon the basis of $2.00 per gallon as the retail price aver aging all kinds of alcoholic beverages. A committee of the Presbyterian church in Nova Scotia about the same time estimated it at the same figure as also the writer from personal enquiry among the retail dealers. For example, one salesman said the profit on whiskey was $100 per barrel, if they did not water it. The government state that the people are not yut prepared for prohibition, yet all the time are educating people to resist prohibition. Very recently Abbe Filiatrault, of St. James Church, Quebec, said the temperance men " had on their side the Pope, the whole hierarchy of BishoDS and priests, the women, including all the mothers of families, sisters and daughters and a large portion of the men." Opposed is the government with " the licensed and unlicensed grog shops and sheebeens, and the result is appalling ;" and a similar answer from the people came up from all over the country, but the Municipal, Provincial and Dominion governments alike insidi- ously worked to prevent the enfnrcemoit of the Scott Act. Out of this traffic since confederation the Dominion government has reaped over $100,000,000 of excise, at a cost of fully $900,000,000 to the people, besides all the world of misery, ruin and woe — its natural fruit. High Rates of Interest. Baron Rothschild, the world's most noted financier, in 1819 stated to the Banking Committee of the British House of Commons, " make money cheap and you will have the commerce of the world ; make it dear and you will lose it. " The history of British commerce since then has been, that in proportion as the rates of in- terest went up from three to ten per cent, stagnation in business increased and bankruptcies multiplied. The history of France is the same. Ttie most notable money lender in the world could see that it was more profitable to lend three dollars at three per cent, than one dollar at eight per cent. The financial eyes of the Canadian bankers are not that wide open yet, and the government helps the bankers and not the people. For 3xample, they authorize the bankers, and the mortgage men, and the note holders, to take from six to twenty per cent, interest, and the greater part of the last government loan from Britain was lent to the banks at*rates which enabled the banks to lend it in New York " at from one and a half to two per cent, " while the tax payers of Canada were paying double that to Biitain for the money, and while in New York city any amount of money can be borrowed to purchase dwellings with at three per cent. The banks lend theirs so as to decrease the supply in Canada, to keep up rates of interest at seven ! (■ 17 it movcth it»elf in the wine is issures us that I more or less ;vertheless the hat is, acts in- I adder. The hing and bene- t. No drunk- every descrip- re than 'wcnty nin themanu- and woe upon I in Canada, understood to lenteous," and [lat is, pejinits, ot sell a right, fences and call lo. All places ire government of $40,000,000 Canada. That stail price aver in Nova Scotia eisonal enquiry :y was $100 per yet all the time James Church, rchy of Bishoos ers and a large ised grog shops >eople came up nts alike insidi- 'econfederatiin y $900,000,000 and eight per cent in Canada. The bank loans, March 31st, 1890, in official returns are over $194,000,000 ; the Loan Societies $100,000,000 ; other mortgages, say $30,000,000, notes of hand and business accounts on interest, say $100,000,000 ; this last is far below the estimate in the U. .S. per family for similar liabilities. The amount of these sums is $400,000,000, which at the low average of eight per cent, is $32,000,000, or $32 per family annually. In Britain, . France and Germany, where the average rate is three per cent., it would be $12,000,000, that ' is, on these items alone the people through misgovernment are by the money lenders leached out ' of $20 per family annually, more than they would pay in Britain, France or Germany. Besides, if we had by wise government been able to borrow in Canada at the low terms, we would not ^ now owe anything to Britain any more than Britain, France and Germany owe to foreign . countries, and we would be saving the $28,000,000 present annual interest to Britain, and , between the saving to Britain and the saving in Canada, $48,000,000 annually. That stim may •i safely be averaged at $30,000,000 annually for the past twenty years, or $600,000,000 excessive ! interest to money lenders through misgovernment, and since 1850 $1,000,000,000. Is it anv >; wonder that the London Times is able to proclaim to the world that " Canada is bankrupt, ji that " she is living on borrowed money"? I From 1840 to 1866 government paid over $60,000,000 interest. From 1866 to 1879,'twelve ^ years, $70,598,590. For twelve years, to 1890, about $96,000,000. Thus since 1841 $226,- I 000,000 of interest, or $226 per family, or sufficient to build 6000 miles of railway at $30,000 I per mile. I In 1878 A. R. Spafford, Librarian to the U. S. Congress, furnished the Iron Age with a ^ table of rates of interest, compounding, as follows : $1 at 3 per cent, for 100 years. II 6 II II , $ 8 10 12 18 24 19 340 2,503 13.809 . . 84,075 ...15,145,007 2,551,690,463 i cing Committee Dmmerce of the the rates of in- d bankruptcies •r in the world n one dollar at open yet, and ize the bankers, , interest, and at^rates which " while the tax in New York per cent. The teresi at seven That data should be pondered over by every tax payer, because it so clearly teaches the difference to every individual and to every true national interest of the ruinous effects of high I rates of interest. Another proof — the sum of the national wealth of the United States in 1790 I was $620,000,000. That sum compounding at five per cent, up to i860 would have been I $19,000,000,000, whereas all the increase from earnings during those seventy years was l9,ooo,- 1 000,000, according to the census returns. The increase at five per cent, in 1872 would have j amounted to $36,000,000,000, and in 1884 $72,000,000,000, and in 1890 to about $100,000,- { 000,000. This data is given to show the difference, the astounding difference, to a people in regard to national prosperity between high and low rates of interest, and their ability to compete 1 with other nations, and to drive home the fact that dear government and dear money alone will I very rapidly beggar any country, as they have Canada and the United States. Direct and Indirect Cost of Govern- ment. The direct payments for government according to the government returns from 1840 to I1876 were in round numbers $495,000,000. The taxes collected by the Dominion government ijalone from 1876 to July ist, 1890, will be $336,000,000 in fourteen years. The sum for Muni- cipal and Provincial governments is not in hand. The present cost for Provincial and Municipal governments is in round numbers $36 per family. If we average it at $30 for the fourteen years -from 1876, it will be $420,000,000, or $756,000,000 for all of them. Not to over estimate we fWill say $700,000,000, or in the past ten years a sum equal to the whole assessable wealth of .Ontario lor government, and since the beginning of this so called Responsible government in 41842, over $1,100,000,000 for government. Then add these chief items presented : - ' I Direct payment for government in fifty years — $1,100,000,000. I Indirect for Excessive rates of interest — $1,000,000,000. . . , * i Indirect for shoddy and fraudulent goods — $1,100,000,000. < ,« -.*- 1 «.? Indirect — the cost of the liquor traffic — $900,000,000. j '; i«!'; Total cost, direct and indirect for fifty years — $4,100,000,000. >- .>; :e $600,000,000, whereas for direct cost we have paid $1,100,000,000 anu $3,100,000,000 for indirect cost of misgovernment. If there is $100,000,000, or $100 per family cut off, there is htill $3000 per family or $600 per head of which Canadians under this so called system of responhible government have practically been robbed by rulers, allij^norant of true statesmanship and all versed in deception, chicanery and fraud, and the present annual excess over all the earnings of the people, after feeding and clothing thenuelves, is seen to be for government and interest to Britain, $43,000,000 annually, or $43 per family. Political Corruption and Incompetence. 1st. We hffve only to read the revelations in the party journals on each side of politics to be satisfied that all our governments, from the Dominion down to those of school districts, are incompetent and more or less corrupt ; that they are centres and seats or schools of corruption, maintained at enormous expense by the tax-payers. 2nd. That while there are men honest at heart who from time to time attain to positions in our varied school, Municipal, Provincial and Dominion governments, they soon find that to evercome the unprincipled, or to countervail the ignorance or chicaneryof their coadjutors in office they must descend into the pool of corruption. That no matter how much they may de- sire to do right they are powerless to secure it unless they resort to deceptive or corrupting ar- rangements. They are victims of a corrupting system. 3rd. The reported speeches of the members in all our Dominion and legislative halls amply prove that the number of those who can grasp national questions is exceedingly limited and that very few are able either to impart information or give advice of any value to the country and that their being there is an immense waste of time and money. 4th. Were it possible to furnish a comprehensive outline of the history of the dissimulation, treachery, bribery, chicanery and fraud, the profanity and filthiness embraced in the history of their doings, individual and collective, it would be a record alone fit for the archives of the bot- tomless pit — even to touch them would be polluting. What is known of them has disgusted every truly wise Canadian with such legislative institutions. 5th. Their incompetence is amply proved in the enormous cost for government laid upon the shoulders of the tax-payers. In the immense government indebtedness of the country, in the vast individual indebtedness of the people, in the drunkenness, profanity and vice, which, even in this land of churches and general education, is a source of continual anxiety to every right-thinking man. For in none of all our governments is there any rational effort made to sweep them away. Every enactment forced out of the rulers to secure that end is bO full of illegal quagmires that at every turn the Christian and the philanthropist are met with impassable obstructions, and why ? Because the hearts of the majority of our legislators are with the hearts of those who fear not God and regard not man, the well-being of the people, or the real good of the country. 6th. The majority of the occupants of and of the aspirants to office whose hearts are with the hearts of the corrupted are wril aware that the good will of the corrupters of society is es- sential to their political success. The fact has become so clear to a large proportion of the voters that they have no difficulty in perceiving that the vast majority of those who attain to legislative seats secure them by the promise of direct or indirect collateral advantage. Hard Times. 1st. That it is hard times, that business is comparatively dull and that the financial outlook is none the brightest, is clear to ail observing business men. 2nd. It is reasonable to suppose, and no doubt a fact, that there are but few who buy on credit who do not desire and intend to pay for all their purchases, yet most business men are aware how difficult it is to collect monies due them. 3rd. The business men who carefully examine their books and in the scale of proi>ability weigh the net value of each note and each account are in the majority of cases certain to dii- 19 cover that the lours actual and probable are a thorough proof that " hard timea " ia preaiing with a heavy hand upon the ihoulders of their customeri, that the earnings are not up to the ex- penditure. 4th. Year after year accounts increase, notes multiply, the chattel mortgage mildew in- creases and real estate is covered with mortgage upon mortgage, which, like a deadly night- shade, sour and blast our cherished homesteads, our rich forests and fertile valleys. Why should this be in Canada ? in a country possessing so intelligent and vigorous a population ; in a coun- try unincumliered with a standing army or navy, with no ambassadors or consuls to maintain in foreign countries ? Is it not ample proof of mixgovernment, that true statesmanship has been very much wanting ? Is it not clear that those who, out of the taxes, have held themselves up as the chief or most capable men of the country, have, with rare exceptions, been merely politic cal charlatans, seeking for positions for selfish purposes, and quite incompetent to rule in truth, and often unwilling to let others try to? Those who have not already attained to a knowledge of the fact will in reading these pages secure abundance of evidence to Justify such concluaioni. Through their ignorance and mismanagement we have our multiplied governments with our great army of paid officials, whom they have established, and all under the name of reform and responsible government. This responsible system does not make the members elected finan- cially responsible for their ignorance or for their mismanagement, and its whole history, from its inception proves that such responsibility without a financial liability is a delusion and a snare, that it is nothing better than a cover to hide all kinds of bribery and corruption. The true name is irresponsible gtvemment, and under it the mass of the people have been loaded with crushing taxes, and have been immersed in individual, municipal, Provincial and Dominion liabilities, causing a constant impending financial crash, which is only staved off from month to month by constant direct and indirect borrowing. The Dominion Budget in Full. This " Financial Budget in full " now furnished shows why there is hard times ; why accounts are not paid ; why notes, even unpaid ones, multiply ; whv chattel and real estate mortgages increase ; why three-fourths of all the farms and of ill the city, town and village properties are under mortgage ; why our debt to Britain for more than twenty years shows in Government returns an increase of over $2o,ooo,cxx) annually, and why the London Ecimomist is now able to show that Canada owes Britain about $700,000,000, with $28,000,000 anntwl interest, and shows why the London Times asks : " What is the matter with Canada ? she is living on borrowed money. " It is the costly Government, the high rates of interest, the shoddy and fraudulent goods, and the frightful loss to Canada by the liquor traffic, which has impoverished the people and has beggared thousands and tens of thousands of Canadian families, and driven them from their i>ard-earned Canadian homes to seek a resting place for the soles of their feet in foreign lands, ai.d alas \ the most of them have found a yet more expensive government, more heartless money- lenders, no better ^oof^^ »nd worse whisky. Through this impoverishment there has often been insufficient food, rags in place of comfortable clothing, and unhealthy homes, and thereby sickness has been generated, disc^es multiplied, labor choked, accounts and notes aud mortgages multiplied, till hope has become sick, while the rulers are proclaiming that the prosperity of the country is " thoroughly satisfactory," because through borrowed money the people continue to pay the continually increasing tavation. The youth of Canada in their nomes perceiving the difficulty of making both ends meet, and neither they nor their parents able to tell the reason why, have, under the glitter of things far away, gone to the United State?, where the country nationally, financially and governmontally is worse off than Canada. Many of these government expatriated youth of Canada, through their superior ability and stab'hty, have superseded the youth of the United States in places of responsibility and emolument, and therebyinadvertentlyhave become decoys to lead others to follow them, and in the aggregate ;>o Income the slaves of the rulers of the United States, in place of remaining the slaves of the rulers of Canada. The rulers of the United States, as well as those of Canada, have submerged all the culti- vated acreage, practically they indirectly own every acre ; they do not sow but uiey reap, for the holders of the land pay more for Government than all the cultivated land in either country will rent for ; and the balance of the assessable wealth virtually belongs to the money-lender. 20 The Tax Payer's Demand. The tax payer makei this demand nf the rulers : Show that your returns given in this bud|;et are not true. That three-fourths of the assessable wealth is not covered with mortgages and other debts ; that there has not been the amount of shoddy and fraudulent goods herein represented ; that the cost of all the Governments— Dominion, Provincial and Municipal— is not in excess of the earnings of the people, after feeding and clothing themselves ; that money either is cheap, or should not he as cheap, in Canada as it is in Britain, France and Germany ; and show if there be any exaggeration in the estimated loss to (he country through the traffic in alcoholic beverages. If you cannot, it will be assumed that you are so far found wanting, and are required to snow how you will sufficiently cheapen (Government ; how you will deliver the country from debt ; how you will reduce the rates of interest to the level in Britain, France and Germany ; how you can and will deliver Canada from shoddy and fraudulent goods ; and how you will deliver the country from the curse of strong drink. If you cannot at once answer these questions you may consider your usefulness gone, and look upon the wall and you will see the hand-writing, " Weighed and found wanting." Erroneous Beliefs. There are multitudes who, for want of full information, honestly believe, erroneously, that if we could only get free trade, to thereby sweep away the so-called protection tarifT, Canada would at once commence to prosper. Th)se who thus believe do not distinguish between true and false protection. The position is this : A tariff on goods we have to buy, and also all excise, is no protection to the Canadian tax payer, but the reverse. Tt is levied to pay the tax eaters ; it is protection to them in insuring to them their salaries ; and it is protection to the foreigner also, for all such duties and excise add to the cost of living, which adds to the cost of farming, manufacturing and all mercantile operations. That extra cost enables the foreigner to undersell Canadian producers ; and as the producers and r^erchants who send goods to Canada pay the taxes of the country where they live, and charge sufficient over cost to pay those tar.cs, it certainly follows, that to the extent of the taxes thus paid on goods sent to Canada, (hat Canada pays the taxes of the country from which they are imported. If the goods or products are Canadian, those who produce them pay Canadian taxes, and help to reduce the sum of the taxation per head in Canada, in place of the Canadian consumer paying all the taxes levied on him and as well the said proportion of the taxes of foreign countries. And it js not in cost of Government alone that there is such unrighteous protection, for the difference between high and low rates of interest is protection to the country of cheap money. Canada has high rates of interest, the rates are practically double in Canada to what they are in Britain, France and Germany, and those countries in that proportion are protected in the Canadian market. As seen under the subject, " High Rate of Interest," Canadians have, in home and foreign interest, $60 per family to annually pay — $32 for home interest, and $28 per family to Britain — while in Britain, France and Germany the sum of interest does not exceed $12 per family, a difference of $48 per family. Then to stand on an even industrial footing with those countries our tariff on the goods we do manufacture and on the produce we raise should be I48 per family, and it may safely be said be 48 pei cent, in place of about 25 per cent., and that indirectly through interest alone the Canadian Government gives foreign producers 23 per cent, more pro- tection than it does the people or Canadian producers. And in relation to cost of Government, is so fix as Britain is concerned, there is not a dollar of its cost of Government paid out of the earnings of the people, for Britain's unnual interest from foreign countries, the earnings of foreign p;ople, is considerably in excess of her total expenditure for Government. Whereas, Canada, after deducting $10,000,000 included in the above interest account, has $50 per family to annually pay for Government. Thus between high interest and cost of Government, the Canadian in competition with Britain is handicapped to the extent of $73 per family annually. Again, it is well known that importers can, by rail, bring goods at a less cost from New York to Hamilton, than the Toronto manufacturer can send them from Toronto to Hamilton ; and bring goods cheaper from Britain to Hamilton than from Montreal to Hamilton ; and thus the railway rate tariff often completely submerges the protection of the Government tariff, The 21 euence of thii matter U, that turn which way he will, the Canadian is like a great bear entrapped in a pen, out of which he cannot climl), away from which he cannot ^ti, and the huntsmen are dear (lovcrnment, dear money, railway diicrimination, duties un (^immIs he has to buy, excise on the lab«)r of his hands, and the sh(Midy and fraudulent aoo,ooo out of $90,000,000 of exports. The present system is a disjointed one. In public works, in finance, in jurisdiction, in education, and to a large extent in juris- prudence, there is no continuity, adhesiveness, or healthy unity, and independent of this gov- ernmental chaos, it does not require the eye of a seer to perceive that the crushing taxation natural thereto and fostered thereby, has already virtually crushed confederation, and brought prominently to the front the great question, What shall the national regeneration be ? First Principles. " In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth." — Gen. i. i. To understand clearly how God created and governs the heavens and the earth, and n^in- tains them and all thereof in life and being, it is essential to bear in mind the statement oi St. Paul to the Hebrews, of the importance of " first principles," because it is of necessity that all things were created in accordance with first principles, for they constitute the law of life, through which life is alone possible ; the law in accordance with which creation was initiated by the Most High, and by which he develops it, and by which all thereof is maintained in life and being, each creation for the period for it ordained. The First Principles of the Oracles of God. " It is of necessity that one come to again teach you which be the first principles of the oracles of God." — Heb. v. 12. The first principles of the oracles of God, which together embraced constitute the law of life, and upon which creation is founded, is nourished, and is perpetually governed are these : 1 . The principle of Procession. 2. The principle of Affinity. 3. The Mechanical principle. 4. The principle or law of Breath. There is no created existence that is not dependent for life and being upon these four principles which constitute the law of life, the law of truth, and upon which the Almighty is as much dependent for life as is each and every existence, celestial and terrestrial, which he has made. These four principles thus embraced are typified in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, the^four principles which together embraced constitute arithmetical law, and upon which all true mathematical calculations are absolutely dependent, and the least violation of which will ultimately end in a valueless chaos of figures. Likewise no correct composition can be written in violation of the four principles, ortho- graphy, etymology, syntax and prosody, which'together embraced constitute grammatical law. It will more or less be meaningless. These foots related teach that no true religious faith, and no true system of government, can be cstabliabed in perpetuity in violation of the first principles. Procession, Affinity, Mechanism 25 of and Breath, which united, constitute natural law, the law of life, and therefore the law of truth upon which the Christian philosophy of the twentieth century will be founded. That these four principles named are the ones referred to by St. Paul will be seen in the fact that there is no life where there is no procession of the blood ; no life where there is no affinity in the subs'ance of the existence for the elements in the food necessary for nourishment ; no life where there is no mechanism through which the life current can act, and no life, except embryo life, where there is no breath. The Primal Elements of Creation. To understand of what God formed His creation, it is important to know what be the constituent elements of creation. The primal substance of creation is the twelve primal elements or chemical bodies, called the foundation stones of the created universe, which are called by the Revelator, the jasper, the calcedony, the emerald, the sardonyx, the sardis, the chrysolite, the beryl, the topaz, the jacinth, and the amethyst. — Rev. xxi. 19, 20. In like manner the Israelite world or creation is set upon twelve foundation stones, the twelve sons of Jacob, and the Christian world upon the twelve apostles ; the sons of Jacob, through generation, being also the gates to the Israelite world (Rev. xxi. 12), and the apostles, through their teachings, are the gates of the Christian world, and as well the foundation stones, with the Redeemer as the head-stone, the chief corner-stone thereof. (Rev. xxi. 14.) The apostle Paul to the Romans said : The invisible things of God from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead. (Rom. i. 20. ) In accordance with this teaching we, in the things created, behold four kinds of life. 1. Mineral life, seen embodied in the solar systems. 2. Vegetable life, seen embodied in all vegetable creations. 3. Animal life, seen emboHied in all animal creations. 4. Spiritual life, as embodied in all spiritual or celestial creations. These four divisions are repeated or typified in the four great divisions of the Israelite world, and in the authors of the four Gospels of the Christian world, in the teachings of which there is embodied the principles upon which the Christian world or faith is founded, There were three sections in each of the four great divisions of the Israelite world, and as thus typified, three of the twelve primal elements of creation are spiritual. Out of these, heaven, the heaven of heavens, was created, and of the essence of its substance all celestial or angelic creations were formed, the same as all earthly creations are formed out of earth life. These three spiritual elements or foundation stones of creation are, and always have been, omnipresent throughout space. They are typified in the diverse elements embraced in the air we breathe, which are omnipresent throughout the atmosphere of the earth. Of other three elements all minerals were formed, the essence of which constitutes mineral life, as embodied in the solar worlds, their planets, satellites and comets. Of other three elements all vegetable creations were formed, the essence of which constitutes vegetable life, as made manifest in vegetable creation. Any one who wishes to behold the essence or soul of vegetable life can do so by dividing an apple through its diameter, and he will see the form of the blossom of that apple when in full bloom. It is well krown that the leaves of the blossom visibly fell ofi as the apple began to form, but the essence, the soul of the blossom, as invisible, did not perish, and had power to clothe itself with a new and more perfect body. Of other three elements all animal creations were formed, the essence of which constitutes the soul or life of all animal creations. This is in a measure made manifest in the butterfly and other forms of animal life. We can see that the soul of the caterpiller has power to clothe itself with a new and more glorious body, and that it has power to lay its body down in death, and to rise with a new and glorified body, and that, St. Paul states, teaches us of the invisible which we cannot see, and that in accordance therewith our bodies of flesh and blood, laid in the grave, will return to dust, to the elements of which they were formed, for that flesh and blood cannot inherit heaven, but that the soul of man has power to clothe itself with a new and more glorious body, that it is sown a natural body, and is raised a spiritual body.— Rom. i. 20 and i Cor. xv. 43, 44, 50. These three, mineral, vegetable, and animal life, together embraced, constitute earth life, which in substance is identical with that of the sun and other solar worlds ; and of earth Ufe, all earthy creations were formed, each after its kind in all their infinite diversity, according to the diverse proportions of the primal elements embodied in their organization, of which, by the law of affinity, each after its kind is nourished out of earth life. 36 The things that are made teach that all the primal elements of creation are dual in their nature, that they are masculine and feminine, and that out of the masculine nature of earth life males were created and out of the feminine nature of earth life females were created, whether animal or vegetable. This is confirmed in the Scripture record of the creation of Adam, in whom the masculine and the feminine natures were together embraced as they are embodied in the earth ; then of the feminine nature in the blood of Adam, Eve was created, whereby Eve was bone of his bone and flesh of his flesh. Therefore, as the law of life teaches and as the ora- cles of God declare, the two are counted one in the marriage relation, because it takes the two to make one perfect manifestation of all the primal elements as embodied in the Adamic race. The Life-Imparting Spirit is the Breath of the Almighty. " The Spirit of God hath made me and the breath of the Almighty hath given me life." Job xxxiii. 4, Having ascertained what be the first principles of the law of life, whereby creation was alone possible, and a knowledge of the substances of which creation is formed, we come to the question of how created existences are endowed with life. The law of life teaches and the things made teach that all life, whether of machinery or in living creations, is dependent for life upon the procession of some preceding force. This is made manifest in the flow of water upon or through the mill-wheel and acting on its arms or buckets which typify the valves of the human heart and thereby imparting life or motion to the wheel and to all the machinery attached to it, and of which it is the heart or life-centre. The fact is made manifest also in the procession or flow of steam through the steam-pipe to the cylinder, the heart of the engine, to act through its valves and to cause the action and reaction or pulsation essential to all life, and whereby mech- anical life or motion is imparted to the engine or locomotive or to any other steam, air or electric motor. And it is also taught in the action of the primal force of creation embraced in the wind as it acts upon sails or arm°, which are the valves of the heart of the windmill to impart life and motion to all the machinery attach'jd to it. The oracles of God teach that the creating spirit is the mind of God acting through speech ( He spake and it was done. — Ps. xxxiii. 9), and the life-imparting spirit is the breath of the Al- mighty, which, in accordance with the laws of procession and affinity acts through the navel of each and every created existence. Job xxxiii. 4, and xl. 16. And that it acts upon the valves of the heart of each existence in wave-like procession, causing the expansion and contraction of the heart seen in the things made. Thereby the embryo of each creation is energized with the life-imparting spirit or life-current through which it is endowed with life from inception to birth, and can be nourished up to maturity to automatically perpetuate the order of its existence, in so far as it relates to vegetable and animal creations and to generated spiritual existences as embodied in the Adamic race. The Potential Leviathan Electricity. " There went up a smoke out of His nostrils and fire out of His mouth devoured, coals were kindled by it." 2 Sam. xxii. 9. " The breath of the Lord, like a stream of brimstone, doth kindle it." Isa. xxx. 33. The previous relations make plain that the breath of the Almighty is the life-endowing spirit or potential force whereby He imparts life and procession to all the worlds in space, and thereby also endows each and every created thing with life and being. The Almighty described this eternal, omnipotent force to Job by the name of Lev.iathan. Job xli. 1-34. In this age it has been named electricity. It is made manifest to us in form and potency in the flash of lightning. But we do not see the invisible potential factor, the essential factor which imparts the power. It is clothed with spirit-life ; that spirit-life is clothed with earth-life. We only see Its raiment of earth-life with which, as described tc Job, it is covered as a fish is with scales. Job xli. 15. In recent years it has thus been made manifest in photographs, and with scales so closely fitted together that no air can penetrate between them, yet by the photograph are seen t ; i ! 27 emerging from between them in scintillations of light infinite in number, its teeth.* Man, by his Creator, has been endowed with wisdom to enable him to utilize this Leviathan force, even the breath of the Almighty, for light, and heat, and power, so that the maidens of this age can, fingering as with a toy, use it for various useful purposes, as in the telegraph. And as intimated to Job, It is, as stored up electricity, "parted" or sold to the merchant for motor power, and thus Leviathan, the potential servant of the Almighty, has also become for man a servant forever. Job xli. 1, 4, 5,6, etc. Electricity is by the things made, seen to be of two kinds, as typified in mas- culine and feminine life ; it is dual, is potential and static. The static is embraced in all the priijoal elements, and therefore in the substance of everything created, in the form of latent fire. The Almighty teaches that it is by potential electricity that coils are lighted, fire kindled ; by the laws of procession and affinity of the law of life, it acts upon the static to cause combustion, and under certain circumstances spontaneous combustion. Job xH. 21 ; 2 Sam. xxii. 13 ; Isa. XXX. 33. The procession of potential electricity is made manifest as embraced in the air pass- ing through the damper of either stove or furnace to cause combustion of the fuel, within which the static electricity is embraced, and whereby it is liberated and heat and steam developed. In like manner potential electricity, the breath of the Almighty, by the laws of procession and affinity passing through not only the navel of " behemoth" (Job xli. 16), but of each and every creation, acts upon the static electricity embraced in the existence and in the food or nourish- ment of every creation,from the heaven of heavens down to the minutest forms created, to impart life and being thereto. And at the same time in its chemical action upon the primal elements in the food transforms the food into the life-nourishing currents of the existence to nourish and develop the embryo up to birth and maturity, and in generated creations up to ability to automatically reproduce and perpetuate their species, the order of creation to which they belong. Energized Eggs, Seeds, Grafts and Buds.+ The marvelous egg, from ancieit Egyptian times till now, has been a wonderful mystery. It has been the unsolved problem of the philosophers and sages of all ages and all countries as to how the elements stored up within the shell are so wonderfully transformed from an inert mass into a living, intelligent existence, capable of automatically reproducing its species. And what applies to the egg equally applies to all vegetable seeds. The law of life solves the prob- lem, the law of life removes the veil of mystery away ; the light it imparts establishes eternal day in this matter. The law of life and the oracles of God teach that the transforming factor is the potential breath of the Almighty. In eggs under incubation, and in vegetable seeds in germination, and in grafts, and in buds, there is a manifestation of the wonderful potential action of His breath in * Lightning Flashes Photographed.— About a year ago (June, 1888) Mr. A. H. Binden, of Wakefield, Mass., secured a photograph of lightning, which attracted a great deal of attention from the peculiar clearness and definition of the flash and the surrounding landscape. During the severe thunderstorm of last Saturday evening, between^ eight and nine o'clock, he succeeded in getting two photographs of the electric fluid. The fiashes are of great brilliancy, and one of the pictures contains three or four distinct bolts, two of them crossing each other and throwing off streams (scintillations) of electricity in every direction. It is a most interesting picture, as showing the vagaries of electricity, and proving the fact (before suspected) that the flashes have a sinuous or rotary motion, being twisted like a rope or ribbon during its progress to the earth. The cloud effects in the pictures are also very fine.— Boston Post. t The Mysterious Egg.— The London Gioie, commenting on Professor Tyndall's Belfast address, said : " The professor finds within the egg shell the force to form a chick. But neither the philosopher or experimen- talisu can go one step beyond the facts. They are wholly unable to explain the something from without in whose absence neither an egg full nor a world full of life can be called into palpable existence. This is the point at which it has been arriving by various paths ever since the first effort to penetrate an inscrutable mystery. The Egyptians symbolized the difiicultv, and their inability to surmount it by offering the mysterious egg reverently to their eods. They laid the unsolved problem of the finite at the feet of the infinite. Professor Tyndall and the British Association of Science might learn without humiliation from the ancient idolators, and emulate their ignoble submission." The law of life solves the wonderful problem, as explained in energized eggs and seeds. The Toronto Gioie, commenting on Prof. Tyndall's address, said, " Alas, we are no nearer the primal source than the heathen who believes the earth is supported by the elephant and the elephant by the tortoise, but upon what does the tortoise stand 7' The law of life teaches ow the created universe is supported and the oracles of God confirm its teaching. 28 i energizing dormant embryo and vegetable life. And the history thereof teaches how all the worlds in space are endowed with life and breath and procession in space, and the revolution of each upon its own axis through the rotating electricity in its procession, as in the photo. The generated embryo chick is embalmed within the life elements essential to its development up to birth, and in perfect measure. These elements and the embryo are maintained in inert vitality by the static electricity embraced within them, &s it also is within the primal elements through- out space maintaining them in perfection. Those of the chick are embodied in a porous shell so sealed up in its formation that the potential electric breath of the Almighty cannot enter until the sealing, by its persistent action as the "unquenchable fire," causes decay, when by its un- healthy action for want of essential warmth, the life elements become devitalized and putrid. But in incubation by the regulated warmth of the mother bird the shell is gradually expanded, whereby the pores are gradually opened in the exact measure essential to admit the life-impart- ing creating spirit, the breath of the Almighty, which is ever brooding over it as well as over every other creation. This leviathan power of the Almighty in infinite gentleness and with infinite potency, in wave like procession, passes through the opening pores by way of the navel just the same as with behemoth (Job xli. i6), and acts upon the valves of the heart to cause the action and reaction, the expansion and contraction of the heart, whereby the dormant embryo is energized, and in place of being an inert mass becomes an active developing existence. As before related, in its progress the potential breath of the Almighty, as the universal un- quenchable fire of the universe, acting upon the static electricity in the nourishment for the embryo stored up within the shell, within which the embryo is enbalmed, gradually and in due proportion transforms the nourishment into a stream or current, of which it is the life, for " the life is in the blood." Through this life current the chick is developed up to ability to step forth from its shell, and to breath its natal air, and to consume* the food essential to it, and then through the latent fire in the air it inhales it has its life-current purified from the injurious ele- ments which may be embraced in it and develops up to maturity to reproduce its species. The fact related teaches that the life-imparting breath of the omnipresent Almighty is omni- present throughout the universe, and that it is always either directly or indirectly brooding over every creation, described by Moses as the spirit ot God moving or brooding over the heaven of heavens in its creation (Gen. i. 2), and indirectly through the heaven of heavens in accordance with the law of affinity to and through suns and planets to every creation thereof. And the law of life and the things made teach that it is always waiting to energize and develop every dormant embryo and seed and generated existence. The law of life teaches, and the things made prove, that the seeds of vegetables develop when planted in the earth, as embalmed in the life elements, sealed up within the husk or shell in which it is encased. The dampness of the earth united with the warmth of the sun together acting, expand the sealed-up pores of the covering of the seed, and thus let in the breath of the Almighty to act upon the heart of the dormant germ within, to energize it and endow it with action, with life and with development, and thus ability to attain to strength and to put forth roots to lay hold upon the life elements of its nature in the soil, to develop it up to maturity and ability to automatically reproduce its species ; and in the meantime, by the development of its leaves, the lungs with which it is endowed, the life current of its organism is purified in the refining latent fire in the atmosphere it breathes. In the bud the germ or embryo is not dormant, but like as in animals from the beginning of the process of its generation up to development into branch and twig and leaves there is a constant action and reaction of the creating spirit through the navel upon the heart, and thereby development until born of the trunk, branch or twig in which it becomes rooted, the same as the seeds of vegetables take root in the ground ; as its leaves expand it develops up to maturity to produce the fruit it was ordained to yield and through it reproduce its species. And when a graft is grafted upon a branch the potential life current passes up through the tree and up through the graft to energize its dormant life, and to develop it up to the measure ordained for it. This brief outline, founded upon the law of life and confirmed by the oracles of God and by the things made, clearly indicates the method whereby the Almighty by His breath imparts life to his creations, and energizes and develops embryos, germs, and all dormant life, and also teaches that there is no creation where there is no procession of the breath of the Almighty, no procession of the nourishing life currents, and no procession of the exhalations from the exist- ence, and in like manner endows every motor with mechanical life. Therefore, the proof is manifest that the principle of procession is the first principle of the law of life. The outline teaches that where there is no affinity of the potential for the static electricity, and no affinity of the primal elements of the creation for the elements in the food essential for each distinctive creation to secure its distribution for nourishment to all parts of the organism, 3w all the trolution of o. velopment ert vitality s through- US shell so enter until by its un- ind putrid, expanded, ifeimpart- ell as over leness and way of the rt to cause e dormant ; existence, liversal un- ;nt for the and in due , for •• the ) step forth , and then jurious ele- ies. ty is omni- loding over heaven of accordance And the 'elop every es develop sk or shell n together ath of the ow it with put forth iturity and lent of its led in the beginning there is a id thereby e same as maturity id when a through it. God and 1 imparts and also lighty, no the exist- proof is ilectricity, sential for organism, ■ 29 to the bones, the muscles, nerves, hair, feathers, etc., there can be no life. Therefore it is plain that the law of affinity is the second principle of the law of life. It teaches also (hat where there is no mechanism, no heart, no navel, no lungs and other or- gans essential to the existence, there can be no life, no nourishment, no mechanical life and no reproducing life. Therefore it is certain (hat the third principle of the law of life is the mechan- ical principle. The outline teaches that from the moment of maturity every created and every generated existence is dependent for continued life on the law of breath, and primarily also for its em- bryo life in its control in purifying the life-currents, out of which it was generated. Therefore it is evident that the law of breath is the fourth principle of th: law of life, and that all life in every living creature is dependent upon the four principles which constitute the law of life, viz.. Procession, Affinity, Mechanism, and Breath, and upon no other principle for life and being. And that they constitute what St. Paul calls the *' First principles of the oracles of God. Heb. V. 12. The oracles of God teach that the self-existent Almighty breathes, and that His breath is the life-imparting spirit. Therefore He is, as well as all of His creations, dependent upon the law of breath of the law of life for life and being. The facts hereinbefore related prove that there is no breath where there is no procession. Therefore the Almighty also is dependent, with all His creations, upon the principle of pro- cession of the law^ of life for life and breath and being. Where there is no mechanism, no heart, no lungs, or other organs essential to the life of the existence, there can be no life. Therefore the Almighty is as dependent upon the mechanical principle of the law of life for life and being as are each of his creations. There is no continued life were there is no nourishment. Therefore the Almighty is ever nourished out of the omnipresent primal elements of spirit-life, the sam;: as the trees of the earth are nourished out of earth-life, and typified in the heaven of heavens, nourished out of the pri- mal spirit-life, and in each of the solar systems, all of which are nourished out of the elements of earth-life omnipresent with the elements of spirit-life. And as there can be no nourishment except through the law of affinity, it naturally follows that the Almighty is as dependent upon the principle of affinity of the law cf life and being as are each of His creations, whether earthly, vegetable, animal or spiritual. In this outline it is made manifest that in creation God has made manifest that there are four kinds of life, and that in harmony therewith there are four primal or first principles which constitute the absolute law of life, and that it is natural law, the law of truth. And in accord- ance with these facts, that addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are the four princi- ples which constitute arithmetical law ; and that all calculations not absolutely governed by these principles will more or less be chaotic and worthless, and that the four primal principles of grammar, orthography, etymology, syntax and prosody, constitute grammatical law, and that any composition not governed by these principles will be mure or less meaningless in propor- tion as the law is violated. The teaching of these things is, that ungoverned by the eternal and absolute principles em- braced in the law of life, all is more or less chaotic. That any creation, any system of religion, or any form of government, in either Church or State, not founded upon and not in perfect har- mony with the first principles of the oracles of God, which constitute the law of life, will sooner or later be found to be more or less a confusion of ideas, and the end ultimate dissolution. And the teaching is that the Almighty requires no more of the intelligent existences which He hath created than the law of life requires of Himself. Therefore St. Paul said to the Hebrews, who, it appears, had all strayed away from depending upon first principles, "It must needs be that one come to again teach you the first principles of the oracles of God. Heb, v. 12. « The Infallibility of the Law of Life. Arithmetical law teaches that no matter what the calculation desired may be, if thA| is a perfect adhesion to the four principles which constitute arithmetical law, the product wui infallibly he true, and in like manner the law of life is infallible, and the Almighty alone infallible in His works and m His teachings, because he perfectly understands and absolutely adheres to the teachings of the first principles of the oracles of God, whereby He can tell not only the primary, but the ultimate result of any work or of any teaching founded thereon. All 30 His works and the government thereof, and all His teachings are done in truth, because founded upon and established in accordance with the infallible law of nature, the law of truth, as innately constituted of the first principles of the oracles of God. All God's judgments are founded thereon, otherwise they could not be true, and He has from Adam and Cain down to the last of Revelations, taught that every one shall be judged according to his works. — Gen. iv. 7 ; I Cor. iii. 13, 14, 15 ; Rev. xxii. 12. If the works are evil, if any teaching is erroneous, the infallible law of life will witness against them. Therefore, it is the law of life and not God, that is the ultimate arbiter that will decide the matter in the last great judgment day. Those who in ignorance have taught any faith, dogma, creed, system of religion or of government, which conflicts with the first principles of the law of life may be saved, but in so far as they have taught wrong they will sufler loss (i Cor. iii. 13, 14, 15), for all erroneous teachings will be tested in the refining fire of the first principles of the pracles of God. Therefore it is certain that the teaching of the Scriptures of truth is that all will be judged according to their works, and the law of life will make manifest to an assembled world whether their works are good or evil, and that while God's judgments are not arbitrary acts of His will, yet like an earthly sovereign, God can and does cut o^ unrepentant transgressors for their wilful violation of His infallible laws, both individually and nationally, as the history of the nations teaches. These relations make it clear that the created universe is founded upon and is infallibly governed in accordance with the infallible teachings of the first principles of the oracles of God, which together embraced, constitute the natural, the eternal, and the infallible law of life, which the Almighty through his creations has made manifest to intelligent existences. I The Governing Spirit of the Almighty. i''.'i The governing Spirit of the Almighty, whose hands formed the heavens and His fingers made the stars, is typified and made manifest in the magnetic or afHnitive action of the mind of the mesmerist upon the subject who consents in his mind to submit himself to the will or action of the spirit of the mesmerist, and as the action of the mind or spirit of the mesmerist is more or less inefTective in proportion as the subject resists his will, so the sinner can in the same way resist the beneficent action of the mind or Spirit of God upon his mind, and his reward inevitably be according to his works. As the mesmerist can withdraw the action of his will from the subject, so God can and does withdraw the action of His mind or Spirit from those who persistently resist the entreaties of His Holy Spirit. The Almighty by His governing Spirit, the emanations from His mind, inspires, instructs, and guides intelligent existences who follow His directions and in all things strive to do His will, to walk with him as Enoch did (Gen. v. 22 and Job xxxii. 8.) But naturally He cannot lead those who in their minds conceive that there are better ways than the way of God, which is founded upon infallible law, which in infinite wisdom and love the Almighty hath commanded. In rejecting God's way it is inevitable that the transgressors choose the way founded upon the law of death, and thereby make a covenant with death, and are in agreement with hell ; they make lies a refuge and under falsehood seek to hide themselves (Isaiah xxviii. 15.) Yet it is manifest that a man may live a pure life acceptable to God in so far as his religious duties are concerned , while in ignorance of the truth in many things, his ideas and beliefs may not all be in harmony with the first principles of the oracles of God, and the natural result be more or less of the evils which lead to misery, wretchedness and woe, and which transforms what should be an earthly Paradise ' into a terrestrial hell, individual and national. These hells deepen and widen in proportion as the transgressors of first principles believe they have a right to believe as they like, wher^s it is manifest that while every one, great and small, has the right to believe right, that no one has a right to believe wrong, not even the Almighty, and as declared by God to Isaiah, any belief or teaching which conflicts with the law, the law of life, and with the testimony, the testimony of the "things made," and the testimony of the oracles of God, there is no light in t hem (Isaiah viii. 20. ) Any truths in their belief will eventually be submerged in the darkness olAeir false conceptions of what is true. 3i The Beginning of Creation. God created the seed of every plant, celestial and terrestrial, and the seed of every herb be- fore it grew. (Gen. ii. 5.) But in this connection it should he remembered that plant does not always mean herb. Gud planted the heavens in boundless space, and he planted man, even a man of renown. (Isaiah Ii. 16; Ezek. xxxiv. 29; Matt. xv. 13.) The hw of life teaches that the first creation was the embryo of the heaven of heavens formed out of the three primal elements of spirit life in their fulness, that is, in the same propor- tions in which they exist throughout illimitable space. Then, that lie by His creating spirit or life-imparting breath, by the law of affinity — that is, the atflnity of His breath or potential electricity for the static electricity in the embryo formation — in alternating or wave-like proces- sion, endowed the embryo of the heaven of heavens with life and breath and being ; and through the affinity oi the substance of the embryo for the spirit nourishment, omnipresent throughout space, and out of which it was created, it at once commenced to grow and developed up to the dimensions ordained for it. The fact is typified in the affinity of the elements of one magnet for that of another, and constructively in the forest trees and in all forms of vegetable and animal creations, each being initiated in an embryo or seed and ordained to grow up nourished through the law of affinity of the elements of earth life out of which it was created, each after its kind, and to the dimensions ordained. Thus, " the things made which we can see teach of the invisible which we cannot see." (Rom. i. 20.) The law of life teaches that the heaven of heavens is the cen. > or heart of the solar systems, and that it occupies that vast space which astronomers know to be encompassed round about on every side by the myriad host of solar systems or celestial trees which the shades of night reveal to every beholder, but which, from the position of this world in the host, appears as a great band of stars, which are called the milky way ; all of which are sustained by the heaven of heavens, all of which it is ever carrying onward and onward in its eternal procession in space, and all revolving with it in its perpetual revolutions upon its axis. And as the planets are ever floating in the light and atmosphere of their sun, so all the solar systems perpetually float in the atmos- phere and light of the heaven of heavens. The law of life teaches that each solar system is a solar tree of which the planets are the branches, and the satellites, as created of feminine life, are feminine twigs thereof. It also teaches that the creations of the substance of each planet, in conjunction with its satellites, are the fruit thereof, and the comets, as not formed for production, are dependent like the planets upon their sun for life and being, the same as the suns are dependent upon the heaven of hea- vens for life and being ; and the known physical formation of the earth makes manifest the in- visible physical formation of the heaven of heavens. The embryo or seed of the earth was formed of the essence of earth life embodied in the sun, and in outline formed like the physical form of man, formed in the image of God. (Heb. i. 3.) The heart or life centre of the earth is the great magnetic pole. The two feet are the two southern magnetic poles, as located in the South Pacific Ocean, and the two arms as the arms of a cross are stretched out, the one eastward over Northern Europe, and the other westward over Northern Asia. The more solid parts through magnetic affinity have tended toward the great magnetic pole, and thereby much more land to the Northern Hemisphere. The line of magnetic connection between the great magnetic pole situated on the east of King William's island, and the two feet of this physical magnetic organism or southern magnetic pole (which in the course of centuries alternately varies east and west) is now said to run south via Detroit, Charlestown, Hayti, to the mouth of the river Oronoco, near which it naturally divides down to the feet or southern magnetic poles. This is known from the fact that the compass west of this line deflects to the east, and the compass on the east side deflects to the west. The law of life teaches that the embryos of the heaven of heavens and of all the solar worlds, their planets, satellites and comets, were formed upon the same physical principles as that of the ea/th, and as typified in the life currents in man, so there is a perpetual flow of the waters of the earth toward the great magnetic pole, the fountain of terrestrial vitality, as indicated in the migratory feathered hosts and the migratory flshes,'which periodically seek revitalization and to be endowed with the generating strength essential for the healthy reproduction of their species. The same system is typified in the procession of the planets and comets, which in their orbits periodically return to be revivified and energized in their near approach to the sun, their centre of vitality. 32 *As everythini; created breathes and must breathe to live, so the heaven of heavens and ill the worlds in xpace breathe, and as with man, with each breath emit of their substance through the pole of their existence, and from the lungs and through the pores, three diverse kinds of emissions or rays of light, corresponding to three chief colors in the rays of the sun, ever isruing from it in well known wave like procession, and wonderfully manifested in what may be citlieu the alternating emissions, through the expansion and contraction of the heart. As everything that breathes must be nourished, so the heaven of heavens by the law of affinity is nourished continually, as trees are out of earth life — out of the primal elements of spirit life, omnipresent throughout space. The System of Creation. The law of life teaches, as before indicated, that the system and genealogy of creation is made manifest in creation, in the creation of the worlds in space, in tree life, and in the family relation, as represented in the Isrealite cedar, the high cedar or chief family tree of the earth. Ezek. xvii. 22, 23. As the earth is the foundation which sustains the trees so the heaven of heavens is the foundation stone of creation, and therefore of the solar trees or celestial forests, which adorn it round about on every side. Each solar world is the I )dy of a solar tree, each planet is a branch. The first or earthy Adam (i Cor. xv. 47), as a cr<.alion of all the life ele- ments embraced in the earth in its fulness, the same as the branch of a tree is innately of the fulness of the tree in relation to the elements of its existence, and therefore as it relates to both natures, masculine and feminine, was a perfect twig of this solar tree of earth life, and the only one thus formed, for both natures are not together embraced in his offspring as they were in him, but are distinctively either masculine or feminine. Eve was a creation of the feminine nature in the blood of Adam, and all the sons are of the masculine nature and all the daughters of the feminine nature of the primal elements embraced in earth life. The law of life and the things created together teach that the procession of leviathan, the life imparting breath of the Almighty, is ever gyratory in its procession and action, and thereby not only causes the perpetual onward procession of the heaven of heavens in space, but its periodical revolution upon its axis, and in its revolutions and procession ever carrying with it all the myriad host of solar systems that revolve with it, and causing at the same time each solar world, planet, satellite and comet to revolve upon its axis.t The law of life teaches that each solar world is with the leviathan breath of the Almighty or potential electric current tethered to the heaven of heavens. It teaches that by the law of affinity it acts upon the suns through the heaven of heavens, as trees are thus vitalized through the earth. The leviathan force in potential electric action has the same affinity for the static electricity embodied in the sun that it has for that embodied in the heaven of heavens ; and in its potency maintains each of the solar worlds in the various elevations above the heaven of heavens ordained for them. This leviathan force prevents their descending below the prescribed limit and from ascending above or beyond the height ordained. This is typified in the proces- * A committee of the British Association of Science was appointed to measure what they called " the lunar disturbances of gravity" to thereby ascertain the origin of certain well known " tremors of the earth." A synopsis of this report was published in the London Times jn 1882, or two years after the manuscript for the above de- scription of the breathing worlds was written. It is as follows : " It is considered proved by the committee that the land actually sinks and rises under the pressure of the mass of water thrown upon it by the tides, the maximum of rise and fall on the Atlantic seaboard rtachine five inches. The effect is felt at the bottom of the deepest mine, and may reach for an unknown distance. It shows that the crust of the earth mast be of exceeding tenacity, exceeding as a minimum that of granite ; and its sway- ings may be the causes of phenomena hitherto quite unexplained, as for example the relation between storm and earthquake. In fact, the enrth is panting or breathing under the changing tides always goin^ on above it." By a simple matnematical calculation the committee could have, by comparison, ascertained that the tides could no more produce those tremors or breathing than the laving of the body of a whale with a cup of water would produce similar breathing, heaving or tremors. It is a wonder that the scientists failra to grasp the tnitn of the matter. tin the note on lightning flashes photographed it will be seen that the flashes are rotary. In like manner the procession of the breath through its dual nature, before described, it in its action on the worlds in space causes them to revolve upon their axes. This rotary potency has been seen times beyond number in decapitating fowla in the immediate rotary motion after losing the balancing member. It is seen in the very hair at the pole of the head in man and other animals at the point of emission ; and on the field of battle sometimes seen in potential action, when a soldier standing has been decapitated by a cannon ball, when the body deprived of the control of the head suddenly circles around while the life blood is scattered on every side. 33 rem and ill ice through rse kinds of :ver induing y be called everythinf; 8 nourished tmnipresent crealion is . the family ' the earth, e heaven of tial forests, r tree, each the life ele- ately of the ites to both ,nd the only rere in him, nine nature hters of the i^iathan, the and thereby kce, but its ^ with it all each solar Almighty the law of :ed through the static ns ; and in heaven of prescribed the proces- " the lunar A synopsis be above de- ssure of the reaching five :e. It shows nd its sway- en storm and ove it." lat the tides up of water lied to grasp manner the space causes litating fowU « pole of the in potential :he control of , linn of the planets and comets in their orl>its ; they can only get so far away from the sun and only approach ■• to the limit ordained. Hut the satellites in their action more closely adhere to the ])lanets and ii>ore perfectly typily the uniform distance of the solar worlds from the heaven of heavens, each at the elevation ordained. This thing also is in a measure typified in the ability of the various birds, which through the potency of this leviathan force and sustaining spirit, more or less governed by their organization, can ascend so far as and no further, than ordamed for them. The law of life teaches that in like manner the planets are tethered to the suns that sus- tain them hy this potential leviathan force, and the comets are sustamed in the same way, and that the satellites are tethered in the same way to their planets, and each sustained in their positions as the bod/ of a tree sustains its branches and twigs, the support of one being earthy and the other spiritual. The outline given clearly teaches that the system upon which the worlds in space are founded is represented in the body, branches and twigs of fruit and other trees. The law of life teaches that if any satellite should be cut off from the sustaining power of the Leviathan force, it would, through magnetic affmity for the earth, at once begin to de- scend upon the earth, as an apple to the earth from the branch which sustains it. And that planets or comets thus cut off would ot once begin to descend upon the sun that sustains them. And that any planet that should commence to decay or die would through the natural decrease of the potential sustaining spiiit, in like manner at once begin to descend upon the solar body through which it is sustained. The reason why they never have and never will thus die, is taught by the law of life in con- nection with the teaching of the oracles of God in further explanations that will be furnished in due time, proving that trhough the spiritual nature of the Adamic race, the eternal perpet- uity of our planet and satellite was insured, and in the way that all the primal elements of earth- 'ife throughout space are maintained in perfection through the agency of the primal elements of spirit life.* The law of life and the sacred records teach that the first or earthy Adam (I Cor. xv. 47), the potential twig of earth-life, was in the same way tethered to the earth, and through the life- imparting spirit, the breath of the Almighty was endowed with life and breath and all things. Acts xvii. 25. The difference between Adam and his offspring, is that in the separation of the masculine from the feminine nature, they are as leaves upon this twig of the tree of earth-life, and therefore flone of them are twigs. In relation to branches and twigs, the tree was complete in Adam. Adam's spiritual nature was also a twig of the tree of celestial intellectual life, and as in the earthy so in the spiritual, his offspring, the leaves thereof, and therefore leaves of both trees. Adam, as originally planted on the earth, is described by the Psalmist as a tree planted by the rivers of water.— Ps. 1. 13. In accordance therewith, the physical, the nervous, ihe muscu- lar, the arterial and venous formation of Adam is in primary outline that of a tree — a tree of knowledge, capable of knowing good and evil. The law of life teaches that Adam, as a twig of the tree of celestial life in which all the pri- mal elements of spirit-life were embraced, was a God incarnated in the " earthy Adam," his liv- ing tabernacle, and therefore by St. Luke is described as a son of God (Luke i. 38). Whereas from the masculine and feminine natures not being together embraced in Adam's offspring as they were in him, they are not gods and goddesses, but sons and daughters of God. If Adam had not by transgression cut himself off from the tree of celestial life, whereby he lost his poten- tial power and became subject to death, his offspring would have been called children of the liv- ing, that is, of the potential God, and they would all have been immortal, as they will become when the time comes that they shall be grafted in again (Rom, xi, 24), and then become the im- mortal sons and daughters of the living God. * "The insoluble tnystery of mysttries. Considered fundamentally^ it is by the operation ot aa insoluble mystery that life is evolved, species difierentiated and unfolded from their prepotent elements in the immeasur- able past. Herbert Spencer dwells upon this eternal energy as the mystery of mysttnti."— Popular Science Monthly, June, iS9j. The "XoxoiAo Globe, commenting on Prof. Tyndall's address, said, " We are disappointed at not finding more lit that mysterious subject, ' Force,' which is so much in the mouths of scientific men, that in this address about ' Force ' which is the same through all its protean changes, and which, under the name of light, heat, electricity, motion, governs and controls the myriads of journeying atoms in their ceaseless circuits. The force which is in- destructible ; to which, like matter, nothing can be added and from the sum total of which nothing can be sub- tracted. Where did this force arise 7 Is it another name for spirit, or is it an eternal quality of atoms 7 It is now admitted that atoms are not motionless. But first causes^ these remain, inaccessible, and from the verge of all that science has achieved one question, ' Why f dies away in a mysterious, echoless void." As in this book seen, the law of life echoes back the answer, and it fills the void. THE TRUE HOME RULE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT. i I I: The following system of national government, founded upon natural law, that is the family system, formulated nationally, is suggested for consideration, as a healthy method for secuiing the national regeneration of ('anada, its deliverance from debt, misgovernment and political cor- ruption. As in heaven, there is under this system no charge for government, as typified in the family relation, therefore from the Chief Ruler down, all the rulers are the fathers of the peo- ple, and can easily bear the burden by its wide-spread distribution as aided by the people to carry it free from salaried officialism and taxation. 1st. The system is founded upon the national divisions of Dominion, Provincial, county, township and wards arrangements of Ontario, to which those in the other provinces can readily be assimilated. 2nd. Each ward will choose a councilor, and he shall remain in office during efficiency, and good behaviour. Provision is made for prompt removal for ineilficiency or misbehaviour. Each councillor will be a ruler. 3rd. The councillors will choose the reeves, the reeves will choose the warden of their county. The wardens of a Province will choose its Governor, and the governors of the Prov- inces will choose the Chief Ruler. Each councillor will be the local judge or magistrate of his ward. Each reeve will be municipal judge of his municipality. Each warden, county judge of his county ; each governor, the provincial judge of his Province, and the Chief Ruler will be the supreme judge ; all to remain in office during efficiency and good behaviour. Each in his place will be sworn into office by the senior priest or clergyman ofthe ward in which he resides, and if none therein, the nearest one. 4th. Divide each ward into two or more sections, according to the number of families in a ratio to be fixed ; and the families in each section will choose of their number one to t>e their officer. He will be loadmaster and official guardian of the section, to look after all requiring assistance ; if possible to settle all disputes between disputants, the magistrate assisting with advice when necessary. He will also have authority to arrest any transgressor, and, without summons or warrant, bring him and the witnesses promptly befoie the magistrate ofthe ward to be tried, and if found guilty, to be punished in accordance with the principles and scale of punishment commanded in the Word of God, but in all cases with right of appeal to the Reeve ; from the Reeve to the Warden, from the Warden to the Governor, and from the Governor to the Chief Ruler. 5ih. In every case, as under the Israelite system, a priest or clergyman regularly ordained must sit with the mrgistrate, and swear the witnesses, and no judgment can be enforced unless concurred in by the priest, and through the said priest only can appeal be made. The priest ever being the guardian of the transgressor to see that no injustice is done him, and to see that there is no maladministration. These provisions cover the whole question of jurisdiction to pre- vent evil, and of jurisprudence to punish trangressors. 6th. A true national currency is essential under a true government. We at present pay over $2,000,000 annually to the banks fot.' the use of their debts for a currency ; whereas any voter in the country is just as much entitled to that sum for the use of his debts for a currency as the banks are. A true national currency is one alone issued by the government for labor done on public works, every dollar of which would be earned and not be a debt, as the bank currency or notes are. Every dollar issued would show a dollar increase of national w«.%lth in national works. The savings in interest over the present system of borrowing, and the profits tp the people by the issue of such a currency would build all our public works. The people would own both the works and the cunency in place of as now, the works belonging to the tor- 1 ii 35 eign money-lender and the currency to the bankii. Through the present lystem we have to pay fur the works over and over again, at least once every ten years, or rather the cost thereof is rolling up at compound interest. This currency would lie legal (endei fir all purposes within the country. Our international currency would always \>e our hills of exchange drawn against our shipments. This would prevent all over importation or running in debt for foreign productions beyond our ability to pay, as we have done under our present bank currency system to the ex- tent of almut $700,000,000. The tariff would be arranged by the governors in council with the chief ruler. Thus there would be no more use for parliaments, legislatures or municipal councils, and the lost time, cor- ruption and fraud naturally incident thereto be forever removed away, and with them all the expense incident to them. 7th. Public Works. — The Counsellor of each ward would have authority to appropriate government currency to a limited amount for his ward when necessary for drains, roads or bridges, which could not reasonably be done or be completed with the road work. Beyond such limit he would be required to have the consent of the Reeve 8th. For a work relating to two or more wards the Reeve would be permitted to appropri- ate a further limited amount, beyond which he would be required to have thn consent of the Warden of his county. For a work relating to two or more municipalities the Warden could ap- priaie n further limited amount, beyond which he would also be required to have the consent of the Governor of the Provinc'-. In like manner for provincial works the consent of the Chief Ruler would be necessary ; and interprovincial works would be authorized by the governors and Chief Ruler in council. By that system, each section, municipality, county or province would manage its respective public works, irrespective of any interference in any way of those outside of the localities where the work is to be, or should be done, as is now so continually the case. No work to be by con- tract — all by supervision. The principal public works would be under the care and supervision 01 the wardens, governors, and chief ruler. 9th. The manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages would cease, and with it at least seven-eighths o( all the wickedness, misery, crime and woe, which prevails, and no import or manufacture of shoddy or fraudulent goods be permitted. Such manufacture and traffic is alone permitted under false and ruinous systems of government. There would be no need for excise to l»*ech out of the peopln money to be paid to office- holders, for there >vould be none to pay, except it may be to the Chief Ruler and Governors and any legitimate expenses, but no salaries to the officers, councillors, reeves or wardens ; their duties will be so light that there will be no necessity for salaries. loth. The immediate savings in government expenditure would be about $40,000,000 annu- ally. The saving to the people by removing the liquor traffic would be about $40,000,000 a year, and all the poverty, pollution, profanity, crime and woe, accruing thereby. The direct and in- direct savings for government that would accrue to the people would be fully $120,000,000 for I 000,000 of families, or $120 a year for every family in the land, which is ample to build and nicely furnish a comfortable house for every family in the land every ten years. nth. Under this system every family in the land would be entitled to a homestead out of the public domain without money and without price. The title will be occupation. It would be the duty of every officer and ruler in conjunction, to see that all those thrown out of employ- ment or occupation through this system of national regeneration, should have work or means of livelihood, for this must be a paternal government for every class of the people and not as the present government, which is only paternal in relation to office-holders and unpaternal to all tax-payers, and is ever devising some plan by which to leech out of the people to give to their official children. I2th Schools. — There would be no necessity for school trustees — the management of the schools, the construction of buildings:, and payment of teachers, would be under the direction of the rulers counselling with the people. 13th. It will be difficult for those who have alone been educated under heathen systems of government, jurisdiction, jurisprudence, and finance, to at once realize that the foregoing explan- ations in relation to a government upon true principles covers all questions which relate to the government of a nation in truth and equity ; a system so plain that the most uneducated can un- derstand. This system of government is ample for every emergency ; all outside of it are the ex- pensive and fraudulent delusions accruing from an irrational and vicious education. Let the people rise up and organize for sweeping away our heathen system, which in Rome was called the Dragon system, and replace it with the regenerating system, whereby they can be governed upon Christian principles ; be governed in truth and equity. Every minister of the Gospel should become a leader in this regenerating and righteous warfare for putting an eqd to 36 all the national evils with which our Dominion is cursed, and in the establishing of which Can- ada will become a light for all other nations. No Christian minister of the Gospel should have anything .o do with party politics : all such are heathen. In this regenerating system there is no party, no heathenism, The Monarchical Democracy. i'),; The system of government outlined is a monarchical democracy, founded upon natural law, therefore as unchangeable and eternal as those whereby the Creator governs the created universe. It is monarchical because all the rulers are set in office to remain during efficiency and good behaviour. It is democratic because all the rulers and officers are chosen by the people, and then through the Chief Rulers, and the governors are confirmed in office and the wardens by the governors, the reeves by the wardens, and the councillors by the reeves. All public works are initiated by the people in the wards, municipalities, counties and provinces, where they are necessary, without any interference of sections not specially interested therein. The system, therefore, is, in this respect, as well as others, a perfect Home Rule system. All public works will be paid for by the currency earned by the people in their construction, and not be paid for as now by either a bank debt or a government debt currency or borrowed money, each of which, as the interest exhibit proves, costs more annually by way of interest than the annual profits from the works. The people on the Canadian Home Rule system will own the works and own the currency and have a currency which no speculation can inflate, as is so repeatedly done with debt currencies and borrowed money, and the periodical result that when pay day comes there has been a financial crash, as in 1837, in 1847, in 1857, and but for the extraordinary prices of the American Civil War would have been in 1867, as there was in 1876-7. There can be no inflation with an earned and true national currency, and therefore no depressions. This Canadian Home Rule system is a government of the people by the rulers assisted by the people and for the people. For with the exception, possibly, of the governors, there will be no paid rulers, judges, or officers, and no necessity for any. By the present system of jurisdiction and jurisprudence the liquor traffic will be annihilated, and thereby nine-tenths of all the crime and litigation. That , with the widespread system of jurisprudence will so dis- tribute the burden thereof that patriotism will be the only pay desired. The necessary officials in post-offices, public works and for similar requirements will be paid as usual. The Present Canadian System of Gov- ernment. The present system of government in Canada is a monarchical republican democracy. That is, while the judges and a portion of the rulers are appointed to remain in office intentionally dur- ing efficiency and good behaviour, but practically indefinitely, whether they be good, bad or in- diflerent, the remainder, and the controlling ones, are periodically elected by the people. This periodical system is purely republican. And the result has been that in consequence of the ignorant greatly outnumbering the intelligent, they have been used by the tax-eaters to enable tbem to secure the spoilt of office. Therefore, in place of being a government of the people by the people, as this really I'lesponsible system is asserted to be, it is in fact a government of the people by the rulers for the rulers. And as hereinbefore related, the rulers have directly and in- irr^'^tly, through incompetence, already consumed nine-tenths of all the assessable wealth of the people, and are rapidly devouring the remainder. Every new fangled idea the political charla- tans got hold of they glorified as a reform, or rather old heathen ideas that were new to them, as history proves, which when in use were weighed and found wanting centuries before they were born, but as a shib^leth they answered their purpose to elevate themselves to a place at the public crib to feed on the .spoils of office, until their reforms have virtually reformed the tax payers out of all their assessable wealth, and enslaved them with the shakles of the rulers and the British money-lenders, who can alone be got rid of by adopting the Canadian Home Rule system of national regeneration, whereby the salaried rulers can be dispensed with, and by the aggregate; Annual saving speedy deliverance from the British money-lenders. '^1 The United States System. The United States form of government is a republican democracy. That is, one in which all the judges and rulers are periodically elected, except two or three chief judges, and are all paid for their services, whereby the whole country is all the time practically governed by inex- perienced and therefore ignorant and selfish men, which is emphasized in their axiom that " To the victors belong the spoils of office." The shibboleth of this system is that it is "a govern- ment of the people by the people for the people," whereas the shibboleth is but Satan's cloak to cover up the fact that it is a government of the people by the rulers for the rulers. That is proved beyond all doubt in the fact that the cost of all their governments is from $200,000,000 to $300,000,000 annually in excess of all the earnings of the people after feeding and clothing themselves, and the natural result is, that between debt to Europe and at home the whole earned assessable wealth of the country has already been swallowed up by rulers who live on the spoils of office. In this connection it may be well to mention that in some minds there is a re- markable antipathy to the name monarch or king. This is particularly so in the United States where the Chief Ruler is called a president in place of " His High Mightiness," as George Washington wanted the name to be, as reported in Harper's Magazine for 1884. And ihe head of each State is called a governor, whereas the name governor applies to one appointed by the king or president, as'the governors of the United States territories are. But as each State has a separate constitution different from each and all the others, it is a nation, and the head of each nation, because chosen by the people and not appointed is de facto a king during his tenur>; of office. The president so called, as chosen by all thuse nations, is de facto a king of kings, and his throne the throne of kingdoms. In Canada to-day, with its distinctive national ccm- stitution, the Premier, indirectly chosen by the people, is, during his tenure of office, de factoring of Canada, but in part tributary to Britain ; and the Premier of every other colony with similar constitutions and legislative powers, is de facto king. Under this system Sir John Macdonald has, out of twenty-one years, been the king of Canada for about sixteen years. The Duty of the Clergy and the Press. The party politicians will never enlighten the people in these things. The spoils of office is the light which guides them ; their whole education and the whole bent of their minds is self- interest as bound up in the spoils. Therefore it is the duty of the priesthood to teach the peo- ple, and the duty of the press to aid them, if patriots, from a sense of duty, if not patriots, for the pecuniary reward which will naturally accrue in a prospeious country, as compared with an impoverished one. It is the duty of the priesthood now to teach th>. people all these great na- tional matters, as much so as it was in ancient Israel. In their ordination obligations the clergy are under covenant wUh God to inform and guide the people, as the clergy in Canada are to a limited extent doing m relation to EquA Rights. Those who know of the truth in this " Cana- dian Home Rule," and fail to teach thrir people, will in this matter be weighed and found wanting. This great national matter is not a party question, it is alone the well-being of the people that is in question ; therefore every well-informed clergyman can righteously standjup for this Canadian Home Rule without coming under the banner of what the Revelator describes as the Dragon or Pagan, the heathen system of ancient Rome, as all party governments are, no matter how much the wolf may clothe himself with saintly raiment. Let the clergy, the press, and the laymen, and the ladies, old and you-^^g, consider the importance of these things, and unite to secure this national regeneration before being sub- merged in another and worse financial crash than any of the previous ones, and which, like a great millstone, is now suspended over Canada by the brittle thread called •' borrowed money " The Equal Rights Association. The Equal Rights Association, to secure equal rights and to carry out the essential princi- ples in their platform, would make a great stride in the progress of their work by adopting the " Canadian Home Rule " system now suggested, because the dullest can see the end from the ■ ir; '/:; ill I!: u I'r 38 beginning, and can readily understand from the first the greatness and fulness of the advantages which it will secure in truly insuring equal rights to all, and also be the means of delivering all the people from the tax-gatherer and from the tax-eater, and from the terrible burden and curses which the present system of government has brought upon the people. If the Equal Rights Association chooses to do so, well and good, but until they do there should be no delay in impartmg the financial data and other truths embraced in " the Canadian Home Rule Herald," issued to secure national regeneration in accordance with natural law, the infallible law oflife, as taught by " the first principles of the oracles of God," in accordance with which the Most High has created, established and governs in heaven and earth all His crea- tion. What Will You Do With It ? What will the reader do with th's information ? The data in relation to cost of govern- ment and the financial condition of the country makes certain the imperative necessity for every voter, for every patriot, to take prompt action to secure national regeneration in order to prevent another financial crash, which is all the time impending, and when it comes will sweep away the fruits of many years of toil, as each of the others did, carrying with it farms, factories, stores, wharehouses< financial institutions, and countless homes. The exhibit given should prompt all who read, whether clergy or laymen, to take action to suggest a better method than the one presented, otherwise to adopt it and all unite to establish this system of Canadian Home Rule. . One alone cannot do much, but the man wb' stands up for it attracts attention. If earnest he will gather a circle about him, and more or ' ;ss of that circle will spread out to form other circles, a common center is established, and these circles become affiliating branches through which, in the discussion of these things, the whole country becomes permeated with the facts, and aroused to action. Let no one wait for another. If the information herein leads you in your judgment to decide that there has got to be national regeneration, and then to decide that this Home Rule system now suggested will be efficient to secure it, you will find one of the best ways toexert influence will be to send for copies of " Canadian Home Rule Herald. " Five copies will be sent for $1.00. Get others to join in sending for them ; if you cannot, send for them personally and distribute them. Every dollar thus spent will in the end pay you richly in the saving in taxes alone. You will have no difficulty in assuring your neighbors that the Dominion Financial Budget in this Canadian Home Rule Herald is worth more to the tax-payer and to the clergy than all the financial budgets ever issued by the Government of Canada, because it gives a clear and understandable exhibit of the cost of all of our governments, the assets and liabilities of the country, the causes of the scarcity of money, and the reason we have hard times and incompetent rulers, and how we can have perpetual deliverance. Note. — There will be sent with every five copies a completed outline of this " Canadian Home Rule " system of government, which, it may be said, the British Isles require and have failed to discover. And suggestions also for the formation of a national organization for secur- ing the adoption of this system of national regeneration. The United States* Deceptive Surplus. The St. Louis Democrat, of April 24th, 1890, states that the Hon. J. M. Fippen has made an exhaustive examination of the financial condition of Tipton county, Indiana, which he describes as follows : " The soil is a black, sandy loam, scarcely surpassed in fruitfulness anywhere in the Mississippi valley. During the last twenty years it his produced an average of more than twice as much as it consumed Finding this to be true, Mr. Fippen pushed his enquiry to lenrn the cause of the complaint of increasing poverty among its people. With two assistants he made a thorough investigation of the record of its mortgages for a period of forty years, with the following result : January I, 1850 $ 156.129. M 1,1860 248,798. -. . u.: ,„! »i . ^1 ,^ jg^Q 607,000. ' ^'' '"-''i' ,. 1,1880 802,148. . r, ^^< •«'^^- " M 1,1890 2.287,435. ~ .') 39 " In making these totals each mortgage is included in the dtcade in which it was written, and if satisfied in another decade, deducieu from the lotal of the decade. Railroad and chattel mortgages are not included. The total moitgage indebtedness on the real estate of the county on the nrst of last January amounted to eighty per cent, of the assessed value, or perhaps about fifty per cent, of the selling price of the entire county. Mr. Fippen finds that these mortgages carry eight per cent, interest, while the returns on farming do not average more than four per cent. Under such conditions there seems to be little hope of meeting an interest bearing debt of two and a quarter millions on the land of a single county, which had in 1880 a population of under 15,000. This population gives 3,000 heads of families, and makes the average debt on real estate alone $762 to the family, with an annual interest tax of $60.96 on each family exclusive of all burdens of railway, chattel and county indebtedness." In relation to the above, observe that the debt per family is f 762 per family of five, and that amount is fifty per cent, of the selling value, that is, that in one of the richest agricultural counties in the Mississippi valley, the average assessable wealth, as gauged by the actual selling price is $1524 p^r family. The Census Commissioners report, volume 7, page 124, of 1880, that the average assessable wealth over the whole union was $337 ptr head, or $1685 per family of five, that is, $161 more per family than it is proved to be in one of the richest agricultural counties in the United States in 1890. At the census valuation of $337 per head, the total assessable wealth of the United States in 1880, was $16,903,000,000, therefore the assumed assessable wealth stated by the press of the U. S. in 1880, as $43,600,000,000, or $4,600 per family, is absurd, and no less than 26,ooo,ooc,> 000 of it all imaginary. He states that the interest on the mortgages is eight per cent., and that the returns (profits) of the farms do not average more than four per cent. It follows that if the mortgages, as he states, amounts to fifty per cent, of the selling value, from the interest being double the profit derived therefrom, that virtually the whole county is under mortgage for its full value. Besides these, he states, there are the chattel mortgages, railroad mortgages, and county indebt- edness, and to these must be added the proportion of the State and Federal debts, that for the Federal being about $100 per family, or for the county, $300,000 ; and to these must be added all notes, accounts and bank liabilities. Who does the county belong to? He st.ates that the average internist per family is $60.96 annually on the mortgages alone. The cost of all the governments in 1S80, as given in the census returns, was over $62 per family of five ; that makes for mortgage, interest and cost of government $123 per family for each and every family to earn, before there is a cent for the family ; but as only three-fourths of the families are producers, it really averages about $160 annual liability to the producers. That $160, capitalized at the above four per cent., is equivalent to a debt of $4,000 per family, to stand against the $1524 per family of what is declared to be the full selling value. The data furnished by the St. Louis Democrat proves the rapid impoverishment of the county under the enormous cost for government and interest, which, beside the interest on chattel, railway and business debts, is $88 per family annually in excess of the $35 per family of earnings, after feeding and clothing themselves, as for the 70 years prior to their civil war, as proved page four, and the data also proves that every dollar of what is called the " surplus " in the United States Treasury was raised by taxation, and the taxes indirectly paid by mortgages on which the people are paying eight per cent., and that all the annual reduction of the Federal debt, drawing about four per cent. , is made out of money raised by the people on mortgages, drawing eight per cent, on property, only yielding four per cent, under mortgage for all it will sell for, and besides, against the property of the county, this rich county, a large amount for chattel, railways county and business d<.bts. If that is not a bottomless financial pit, what is it ? and the so much glorified surplus in the U. b. treasury a most deceptive and disgraceful one to the rulers. The ant, the bee, the chipmunk, attempting to prosper upon such a system would sink themselves in the scale of intelligence in the eyes of all intelligent existences, and practically in the gre:«i judg- ment day they will rise up in judgment against the rulers of a nation which has been deluded and immersed in the blackness of the pit of financial darkness. The above being the exhibit of a county stated to l^e one of the richest agricultural counties in the Mississippi valley, '.vhat is the average position in each county in each s.ate of the United States ? The exhibit confirms the statement made by some United States periodicals that the annual interest paid by the nation is $1,000,000,000 annually, and the data above given amply confirms that given on page four in this book. Is it any wonder that farms with comfortable buildings, in Vermont and other Eastern States, go a begging for purchasers at five dollars per acre ? The rulers and the money lenders, like a two-fold consuming fire, hare, as in Tipton county, Indiana, virtually consumed all the value thereof. The wise both in Canada and in the United States will adopt the Canadian Home Rule Ssrstem of Government, whereby in ten 40 years all indebtedness can be removed, all oppression swept away, and peace, prosperity and happiness perpetually be secured. In the light of the facts related, is it not the duty of the press of the United States to cut themselves asunder from the party politicians, from the political consuming tire, and to unite in urging upon the people the imperative necessity of taking action to devise a cheaper and more beneficent system of government, and in which action all Christian ministers should unite in drawing the attention of their congregations to the importance of this great national question. % II if! :■ I WY The Great Council of the People. For the good of the afflicted state of Indiana, as represented by Tipton county, and for the benefit of every county in every state of the United States, it is suggested that a '* great council of the people " be instituted to secure perpetual deliverance ; a great council like that devised for Canada to unite in action all the people in one grand cflTort to secure the adoption of the_ democratic Canadian Home Rule system of government for the Dominion. The method devised in the main can be readily fitted to the national divisions of the different States of the Union. The adoption of this system in Canada will in ten years save to the people of Canada at least $1,300,000,000, or $1300 per family, a sum equivalent to the whole assessable wealth of the Dominion in 1890 and there is no difficulty in proving that if adopted by the United States, the saving to the people would be ful $2,000,000,000 annually, or in less than nine years more than the whole assessable wealth of the Union, as gi 'eu in volume 7, page 124, of the census returns for 1880. The institute or organization is to be called " the Great Council of the People" be cause every one of sound mind from eighteen years old and upward, male and female, will be individually invited by the officers of the Great Council in the Branch Councils of each ward or polling division in everjr municipality of each county, in each province of the Dominion, to become a member thereof. These officers will personally explain to each one the Canadian Home Rule System of Government, the necessity for its adoption, and the advantage individually and nationally that will be secured thereby. _ Let the rulers adopt this Canadian Home RuU System for deliverence, if they cannot suggest and adopt something better. * In signing this Home Rule Constitution, each becomes a member of the Great Council of the people, and at the same time each will sign a petition to Parliament for the adoption of the Canadian Home Rule Constitution. In doing so the^ will individually, male and female, have a voice and hand in securing the national regenera- tion of the Dominion. The right of all the people as thus invited to have a voice and hand in this great work, constitutes the organization, " the Great Council of the People," and on the great national roll of which their names and the names of the officers of each branch will be kept in perpetual remembrance as the deliverers of the Dominion out of all its national difficulties ; the perpetual deliverance of the people from the galling chains of the latter day slave drivers, the oppressing rulers and usurers. For Canadian Home Rule Herald and other information address Mr. Geo. D. Grififin, Publisher, Parkdale, Ontario. Price, 25 cents. Five Copies, $1.00. i^ ! i t' ,-)• ,.1i • • 11: ;!'■ -' 'J \' \\ f'iV , ' ; . ' 1 ' ,, , ■-.<'^:\^ -iH- -•;•.," ' ■ .-. ■• ■ '■■'•-. ■■■■■■ prosperity and States to cut nd to unite in iper and more hould unite in al question. >ple. benefit of every be instituted to the people in one ■eminent for the le different States r Canada at least •ominion in 1890 lie would be ful : Union, as gi -eii ane of sound mind cers of the Great h county, in each to each one the individually and n for deliverence, :he people, and at lule Constitution, national regenera- this great work, oil of which their e deliverers of the lling chains of the ieo, D. Griffin, i .■■i.i-.'. 1 I .'IM