CIHM Microfiche Series (Monographs) ICMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Inatituta for HIstorieal MIcraraprodHCtian* / Insthut Canadian da microrapfoductiona Matoriquaa 1995 w^ Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes technique et bibliographiques The Institute tias attempted to obtain the t>est original copy available tor filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checked below. 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I I Opposing pages with varying colouration or — ' discolourations are filmed twk:e to ensure the best possible Image / Les pages s'opposant ayant dee colorattons variatiles ou dOo decol- orattons sont fllmees deux fois afin d'obtanir la meilleur image possible. 2f AdcMianal comments / Commentaites suppWmenlaitBs: Pagination Is as follon : 1-[6], »-[%s] p. This irnn it filnnd tt th* raduction ratio dnekad balow/ C< dcainMnt t>t filmi «■ tun dt rMuction indiqirf cHlnUMn. lOX 14X 1«X ax 2«X H Tha copy filtnad h«r« hu b««n raproducad thanks to tha ganarotity of: National Library of Canada L'axamplaira film* fut raproduit grica i la gAniroiit* da: Bibllothiqua natlonala du Canada Tha imagat appaaring hara ara Iha bait quality poMibla conaidaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract apaciflcaiiona. La« imagas suivantat ont *t* raproduitat avac l« plus grand soin. compta tanu da la condition at da la nottati da raxampiaira film*, at an conformM avac laa eonditlona du contrat da filmaga. Original copios in priniad papor covani ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on Iha last paga with a printad or illuairatad impraa- sion. or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original eopias ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- sion. and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad imprassion. Tha last racordad frama on aach microficha shall contain tha symbol — » Imaaning "CON- TINUEO"!. or tha symbol V Imaaning "END"), whiehavar applisa. Maps, platas. charts, ate. may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly inciudad in ons axposurs ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornor. Isft to right and top to bottom, as many framas as raquirad. Tha tallowing diagrams illuatraia tha mathod: Laa axamplairaa origlnaua dont la eouvartura an papiar ast Imprimaa sont fllmas an cemmancant par la pramiar plat at an ts'minant soit par la darnitra paga qui comporta una amprainia d'impraaslon ou d'lllustration. soit par la sacond plat, salon la eas. Tous laa autras axamplairas origlnaua sont fllmAs an eommancant par la pramMra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraaslon ou d'llluatration at an tarminant par la darnitra paga qui comporta una taila amprainta. Un das symbolss suivants spparaitra sur la darniira imaga da chaqua microficha. salon la cas: la symbols — » signifia "A SUIVRE". la symtola ▼ signifia "FIN". Las cartaa. planchaa. ubiaaux. ate. pauvant atra filmis i daa uux da rMuetion diff*ranis. Lorsqua la document ast trap grand pour itra raproduit an un saul clich*. il ast film* * partir da I'angla sup*risur gaucha. da gaucha * droits, at da haut an baa. an pranant la nombra d'imagaa n*cassaira. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la m*theda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 """ocow itsounnN loi Qun ("Ol ond ISO IIST CMAHI , o. 2) 1.0 la aa 112 12.0 1.6 /1PPLIED IMHGE ("*) *e2-o»o- The Resources &{ British Columbia in By C. CLIFFE, Editorof the Mining Review, Sandon. ' Approvt^ by the Government of British ^^umbia. Minerals, Agriculture, Lumber, and the Fisheries^ / V, ^M VIC'I^RIA, 5 111 DiXEMBUR, 1901. To the Deputy Minister of tlio Interior, dttiiu i Sir: Mr, C. Cliffe, of Snn.;(]n, lias submitted to me tlie ^MS. of a proposal pamphlet on the " RksoURCi:s 111-' liRjTISH CoI.rMiuA," which, I niKle&and, is to W.- suhscrihed for bj' the Dominion Government on lUa niiderstuiiding it mejps with the appr.jval of the Provin- cial Government. In so far as facts and fiifurus are cqi^enicd, it is substantially correct- I have much pleasure in statins;, f"r your information, ^t 1 have fj.inc carefully over the MS. and find that so fai is 1 can jndKe, without checkfes; the figures as to tlicir absolute accuracy, it is well and carefully written, and is uu tli«^hole an accurate exposition of the ca])abilities of the province. Jk I have the honor to be Sir, your obedient servant^ (Signed) J. D.l lENTICK, linister of Finance and A(;ricultMre ■♦I Sfssr-' 5?sn- BRITISH COLUMBIA. ITt RMOURCCS AND OPPORTUNITIM FOR INVI8T0R0 AND SITTLIBi. TbH lh« mot weiteriT provlnc. o» the CanKll.n CoiHnlrr.tl<.ii. Ii boundr.l on thf wit b, Ui. Paclflr o,o«n. m lb. KMlh by tb..4«th parmlltl (X N. l.tluide. on llie north by tbo CMh pnrnlW. «nil on tho c»t. for lu .nvithern portion b» m. mmmlt ol the nocky M. int.lni. >nd th. r«t lb. 120th m.rldl.n. Thl. Htc. It »n ir.ra«. wUlth ot about 400 mllM • toUU WM ol S80.000 MU«r. mllM. tnl coniUtnUl It, by nMrly tO.OOO igu.™ mil.., th. l.r«..t vroTlK. In th. CnnKllM Con<.d.r.tloi., S.ttl.d » talckly u lb. old.r portion, ot lb. old.r proTlncM .f., 11 would loc»t. IromtOoO.OOO to 6.000.000 ot PI., lb. pre.enl popul.Uon ol Um wbol. Dominion. Thl. conclu.lon «n b. .ully r.»ch«l by obiMvlnc Ibmt with Hi Mlural r..oare«. d.T.loped, lb. country would bo very ne.rly ■.lt.>u.t>lnlni piodudni u It dOM prodoc, noarly .rerytbln, th.t en b« erown .nd cumv.l*! In any temporal. cUmal. wllb Ibe Induatrle. natn. to keep aucb a population proSlably omploywl. Altbouib It. pre.enl population 40M mil eic-d pici. and traniiiorlloi tlia mlaaral b«ar- lag rook ikira lojad to polati avallabla tor lari. »«t«tU, mloliK bwann a dlBerimt prol Irm. Ev«d ttoooib lb« lalaad wateri wara aarliatle. adequatrtj proportloo.J boati to remova tba ora Irum tka placa ol Jla";• tbaa halt that amount. Tho Br.i record ot copper opcrr i, n, waa In 18911, In th. NelK>i> ana T"!! Creak « f f H t,« •<> - BRITANNIA MINE. *!.» nW.OOO worth WM ft™ om, .nd lo-dar ft P«n,„« lo »«.m. «.»« lb. for.»o.l o ™J '»«««''••■ J» BoLar, couMry.-thal 1.. the «,«U.w.3t portion ot the proylnce.-provln, ll.e« to 1« "■'«'»''r """'' '° ^" ZZ The J;, value o. cop>«r mine* to date may te .lac^ a. some.Mn. over ,5.000, 00^ ,°~' J «3 O^^S^"u 1. 183., with a very .mall output, .«. I. t*. present (June, ISOl, our total <>"«"' '-;°'''="*°«°^,;'4°.'^;^^^^^^ told. Ther. .«. a. dUcov.ry ha, gone, almoit Inexhau.tlMe b=iB on Vancouver I.land, on ''"C™" '';'•' '"".^ ,J lb. C. P. R. jual w..t ot the Rocky Mountain.. «.a the Slmllkameen, In th. .outh.we.t portion ° ''•J»'°''""' " ,iy nothing ot ..«ral other localltle. but partially .xpUred. Th. provlnc. ba. also large d.poalu ot Iron, .Ino. platinum, hut lb«i« will b. dealt with In later page.. MININO-SENERAL. Tb. province i. n« known far and near a. a mining country, but tboogb mining 1. It. Lading '°*°'''3' j" srodoctlon. are hy >o m«n. confined to It. W..IU. In th. boweU ot tb. earth. To haw ..fnalve mineral weaUh a corntry mu.t he mounUlnou.. From th,. latter fact ,hl. province ha. Immen.. hodle. of .land •• "•--^'» river, and bemutltui Uke.. The.e abound la B.h which, with our .all water .upplle., lead, to on. ol our leading ludu.trle.-cannlng. The.e large etre.m. In turn have Ir the cour.e ot age. brought down '°'°'™" "'"'"' '°; po.113 forming In many Instance, e.tco.lve area, of th„ richest .oil to he found In the known ''°"''- ^hl. (ad alone, without any practical aa.urancc. ol th, p..l, .old mark the country lor ex.on.lve »"'' »"»""= "'/""J: tural operation.; also the growth >,f Immense forert. of valuable timber. Th==e three lalter Indualrle. will, bow ever. b& dealt with under proper headltiRs later on. Although lode mining U becoming th3 branch of the mining Wu.lry that 1. fast forging 'be ■country to th, front, placer, are .till worked In many dlatrlcl. with gr.at proBt, and. a. exploration !. pro.ecuted. It 1. .at* -O •ay many valuable placer diggings will yet be discovered. • ' PLACER MINING. 1. mentioned above, placer operation, were the flrsl commenced lo the country, which In any event wouM ... . !.> «_- i-.t« ntnina !■■■ nnt nt In* aueB> A. A9 1. mentioned above, piacer operaLitius w«n.- luc "»=!. ^uu....-..- — ... . — . .- I , ,w naturally be Ibe caae. Without road, or trail., the Importation of machinery for lode mlnln| wag out ot th. ()U«C «•». Th. pick. rtoT.1 u< . t„ othM rud. !mpl«i»u win .n Itet w«» naoMirj to »mM. Ih. kaWlT Xtm- Si i? "^^ ^ 1?""'' to th. tar. 01 U« Lo.„ rrM« IUT.r, .)..» Ih. wmWo,. o. ... i^ luM tt« from ti. oo^iUT bl,I.« up., A cl.,«. « ,h. „.p ,u, ^, „,. ^„„ u,„ j^. ^ ». t*. I.M. or mloenil l>emrin, »u>. la th. rock ,lnKt„r, ot th. country led from w»l to ««: .nd m th. mto«U. Picked »p In U..lr conr.* to th, oc«m to th. «rt. Thl. theorr would .how th. r«nnln. of th. mln- « t^^n ;. H ^ „ ■ "7^°* '"'°' " *" '° ■"' "■"• "■ •°°" '°°"'"" "■"* •» Pr«lomtaate, In th* admixture tun .h« i^ , « ', l" ?*"■ *" "" '"" "' ""' """" '" '"« '"■ ■" "■« ^"""' ->"■'■■« »" ■"■>"> "»"'"■ w.™ ,h. ,? '■'"'V™^'' "■">"" "» "■>">«"■ ""> " "= "-roe to the Cariboo country v a, ioc.tod, there ai,o Tlh. T^o=^,l° "T!""^."' ""^ *' di*.overl™ ., Quesnei ForkB, Telegraph Creek. A,l,„. a.., la.tly, thoae ti^h.. < ''""'»'^"'" '» "'•«"■. ""^'l-s yielded upwards of »50,000,000 o( the preciou. metal. The Atlin eoun- pr..\ V,., '^ 7° "" '" ">"=«'°°» "> »"<"" »«'».»<'l'- The districts around Fort Steele, Ashcroft, Telegraph mOTeextendve place™ may yet be found to ezUt, but the working ot them, on .oco.mt of the depth „t tho dust (coy! ^. h^j!,,? 'tf T f '"" """ "■ •*""°'' ■"»' =»" '" "«'«' appliances than the pick and .hovel- ^.S^^tf:.TL1 ?'" " •"'"«'°'T °™ '- «"» Cariboo country. It is not, of course, tho duty of a W..nrtiveiy in i.uH.cstlons tor tl,e purpose. sulHce it, Uen, to .ay water 1. drawn Iron, creek, by a systc-u or 6 canah and piiir? an.l c.iii:l.tyi':l by imi rovetl mctliods Ui washing the boJs wlioiu lliij mineral is known to exist. Lait yrar (1800) the plants at Caribou were opcrateil 171 days; they washed 1,843,938 cublc-yarJg ol sand, which yieldeit 1^ cents per cubic yard In gold, giving the company gross 12,041 per day, giving the company a total proSt ot $350,000 for the year. There Is, in mining, any more than in anythinj? elae, no "Royal road to wealth.''' It wm patience and perseverance that led to the discoveries in the country ot the past and It Is only the same virtues that can unfold tlie discoveries ot the future. The prospector of to-day has, however, untold advantages over bis predecessor. He has all the supplies be may require In his labors at bis door at any time, at the lowest posslbl* cost, and a man:"t at hand for the ready sale ol the pioduct of liis labor. While the prospector of 40 years a«o lal>ored under the moat extreme privatloos, bU succesdor vt to-day can carry on bis operations with modem ca»> torta. RUTH CON F.NTRATOE LODE MINING. aoLo. * At tbe oaU«t. It miut bo nmembered lodo ainiog tn this country li almpljr In fU Intucy, tta« tint ilWer urn letd bavins been extrmcted In 1887 and tbe ar»t gold at Rosalaiwi In 1893. To even anticipate, then, what the future may be, ii premature. It la cerUlo that, conaiderlng the disadvantage* with which working bad to contend in th« lack of capital, fluctuatlona In the value of silver and lead, disturbances in the labor market, etc., the Industry has made as much headway as It has made In any other country In the same number of years, and developed as many properties on a pa>lug basis as has any other country on the face of the «Iobe, In the few years mining has been In oiieratton. In tJila short time It has developed upwsjrda o.' 50 divided paying metalllferouf mlDes. that have re- turned upwards of $8,000,000 In cash to their owners, to bb? nothing of the Immense total of profits expended in that time lu Improvements In machinery, buildings, and ctLer necessary equipments. This is the eating that Is pro- verbially "the proof of thd puldini." Althous'a these are the rewards of mining operations so far he would be a bold man Indeed who would venture an opinion on ever, the results of the next half century, so few of the districts hfive even yet been but partially exploited. There are three or four mountain ranges traversing the country from one end to the other, with more or leas regularity, with minor hills intervening. In the valleys, wherever reasonable exploiting has been prosecuted, plots ul unaurpasaeily r'.ch placers have been discovered and wherever reasonable prospecting baa been done in the hills, scams of valuable minerals have been found. On these, wherever reascn- able work has been oxpendcJ, a large proportion of pnj Irg properties have been developed,' Nature has for ages been carrying out Its unfailing operations in these mountain ranges, carrying down loose rock and other move* ables to the greatest depths below, covering the seam? In varying depths. As a result, manj a property aban- doned by one prospector as valueless, has been found to be valuable by the next man prospecting workings fur- ther. While, then, under past operationa a largo perccn age of discovered Ipdges has bi'ua ftiimJ to ue mineral- bearing, it remains lor later workiiig to Increata the number. In ntiilac. as In everythlnit elie. niiture has her peeuHar methods of hwtowlBj Blfti. As haa bwn lUtsd, •» lar but a OTian portUm of the province has been even rauderately exploited, but In those, minerals go by localltlw. Yale and Kootenay, on the ma'n land, and Albeino. on the Island ot Vancouver, are the only portiona of the coun- try that have been even moderately traversed by the prcspector. and in these the minerals have their (avorltG lo- calltlea and rock formations! The Slocan country, btit«een Laltca Slocan and Kootenay, south to Nelson and north mainland. The geoloRy ia vi*!/ \ '"iliar jvnil esiiocially so vken the ledge ot the Van-Anda is considered. The rod; is a highly alterea crystalline limestone, associated with djrkM ot leliite, at the contaot o£ which the ore in fuund ijiipregnatiug the IclHite, and as depth la Kiaahed, barnltc 10 PAYNE TRAM. inil cfc«lcopTrlte OMhr, carrying good Taluos In gold »nil copper. The worVlngJ «re very ilmlUr to thot- ot all clber golitcopper properliM In the country-a Berlea o! ulialu. wlnae., flrltta and lovela, all well known to men .; eiperlence.' It might he here atated that thla allghtly tnrled, la the working ayitem ot all the gold and gold- copper properUea of the country, the ihafts being neceiaary from the height at which operatlona are commenced. The Bllver-lead properUea are, as a rule, opened by tunnela lower down the hina. which are either croaicuta from onlBlde to n»ch the ledgea, or dritu on the lelgei direct. They range one abOTe the other and are connected by wlniea and upralsea, for the facility of operatlona, procuring freah air and other u«ei. All told there are In th« province ten gold propertlca, paying regular dlvldenda; about 40 more that have shipped from trial loll upwardi. •nd the .number almoit Innumerable on which more or leaa work ha« been done. The prlcea naked for theio are al varloua aa the extent ot work done upon them. The number of handa employed on theae properties Tarlea from ou to eOO at the LeRol, Roasland. The values ot the gold-copper ores vary from |5 to 135 per ton, and perhaps run an avenge of 118 to 120. So perlectod baa machinery now become that %t ore can be mined at a profit, the rule ot tha country being the lower the grade the larger the bodies, and vice versa. Although there Is a liberal mileage ot rallwaya In t.ie p^ovln<^e for Its population, more roada are very raacB needed, through the Boundary, the Lardeau, the Windermere and the northern districts. Some of theae are alreaay under conatmctlon and when they are completed they will open up in those parts mines and properties fully the •qual ot any now la operation. In some ot these districts, such as the Boundary, the Windermere and the t.ardeau, there are already aeveral mlnea ready to ship the moment rail facilities are available. The mineral is on hand, but th5 cost of transport without railways shuts out possihie shipping. To show the giuwth ot this gold-copper in- dustry, an Illustration from the LeRol will BUIBce. In Itt llrst six years It shipped 93,000 tons ot ore, averaging gross |14 per ton. For the Brat tour months ot thla year (1901) It shlpned 72,000 tons. It now ships as much per month as It did tn Ita earlier days per year, and the same holds tri.e of aU mines that are worked regularly and at their full capacity. 9ft may here quote the shipments ot the other large properties ot the noasland camp: — The War Ragle. Cr,260 tou for the first four years of its existence, and 13,000 tor the first tour months ot this; the Centre Star, 16,700 tons, as ft total for Its llrst four years, and 37,363 tons fo; the first four months of 1901. The entire value ot the out- put of thft HrtTtt'f^^ mlnea to ottta la computed to be tH,00C,0O0. Camp UcKlnney has the Cariboo Mine, which hai 11 proved Itiolf very profitable to Its owners, having ylcldetl illvidcnas of nearly halt a million. Thtrr are other mlnet there also ol much proinlBL'; but of their magnitude tht; fi .-ts tar,n(.t bo gatheicil until a railway la built through that lountry and they are further developed. Ymlr baa its Yn Ir mine, that has paid nice dividends, and others that ft little more development will bring well to the front. The growth of tli:j branch of the Industry can, ho« ever, be more satisfaclorlly shown to the public by flvlng Ike output of all the mines to date, with the dividends, as follows:— oz. of gold Value • "'' 1,170 I 23.404 "'* 6,252 125,014 "" 30.204 783.271 "" 62,259 1,244,150 "'' 106,141 2,122.820 ^*^* 110.061 2,201,217 '*" 138,315 2,837.373 '""' 107.153 3,433,381 '"" 221,000 4.125.000 „ ''"''''' 831,015 110,937,860 Total dividends to dato of certain iirjpertlos proJucUg aliove values; — '-''"°' '. 11,305,000 """"^ 478.087 ■""^^S'= 145,000 ■"""■ 192,000 tf^"''^"'- ,44,000 <="'•« ='" 175,000 '^°^' M.83»,0iT U l„™. to tbe government Ibe la. gccori. un talrly Iw ""*«• , JOPPEB. ^^ ^^^ provlnM mull !>•• r„rt»tlon cost .. I«>"'7^j.„„ (near Ros.-lana), G: nd r"'^ '" ^^ „„ todies very large, glvmg ^^ institution, o. tW. ^'7,: ;/,", pper-goid) are .l»»y. '"■■ ;'^;„:l\o witnc.. a larger outpu « *» ^^,^ and other point.. The ledge. I PP ^_^^ ^^^^ .„„ ,.ear 1. ert"» ^^^ ^^^_^^_^,„^ „„„ „^, ed. " overy "■'- '^^'ra^anl .cienee. i. -"""^"^ r.^, "percentage with other n-etaU,, Th^o. .^ ^^^^ .crtlo« or rar IB nert Kbout K lOT lllll ore thW the pro- only 111"- (lary, the 3roa BOO'* t.'.c Irar.B- no^- largo the Coast iployment metal, aa The yleU the Bounfl- "i'le mine* ale Bay, re- COMt »'"■ tatu Id IWO. Tb« ihlpmenti ot the ninti o( tlw Bouotirjr country tor lh« lint n.M montlti ol Oil jMr (1901) M* linn u bolow, ua uo •ufflciently luIlcKlr* ol coi per minim becomlni > cnat Induiiry In Um proylncui 1900 1901 Old Ironsides and Knob Hill troup 64.835 197,973 MothsrLods ('.574 „'|,„ B' 15.404 ,4jji CItyofPsrU j.OOO Golden Crown, , — I 24q W»ll»« ,,." 1,100 ""ioo Klnif Solomon Iqq Athelstan l_2oo „, f'""" US Siowihoo ,j, 43, Brooklyn Uj ■'»'"' 160 S";" «o '"■•' 695 Sundry shlpmentg ,,0, ^j Sunset ,.. 400 '"''"*' »!,781 S69,922 r,.J^'',^'^TT" ^"^"°' """""'" ■ "''' '"" "'°°' °-' ™"''"^' •" <" ""■•'■• " '" " Pro-pecfng ha, d.s- rrelm ,?. "'■!'' ■•'•""• "Irt mountain,, extensive plains an,l Inrmen.e mineral ledge.. Partly hee.use et It. being out e the „.,y or general travel, that dlatrlet or ecuntry enHoae.l by the 40,h parallel and the Sl=,nk.„„«' r..v„r Ha. u.eu overlooked by the pro;,..etor. but recently It ha. been lounj to b. ono oj Uo rlcbest district, of 14 ll.» ntira prorlnee, ■liotiniltnf In Immniiii tcajBi of mrrir In lti«t tprrltorr trc Coppor Hanntaln, NIckpl Plilt, J. J. U. Copptr KIni, and minr otber propertle. rBcently comlnf Into miWlc notice. It la » common ocnirronco to «»« tbt li4lM from 75 to 90 feet wldo In leveril pnrti or Ibli oxtenilvo tertltory. Ai In Iho otbor dlitrletl. lold pradoalutw la Mme of lh< propartiM of tr.n thl» mitrlct. thouib copper, the whole dletrlct coMldere I li tiM iHttfl BlMKl. It li aot the dutr of i pui>Uettlon of tbli ebaracter lo pnrtlcnInrlH loMllUei, Imt It nnnot b< •M of pteo« to nr Soutb-WMttra Britlab ColambU aboold bf a laoit propildni Held for larntmenti ai no mattar w»i» pHt pnapactlnc mf b*Ta aip«aa4 la tha war of aalcnl waaltk. tbara la rat ao mueb la ba aaniona u»i ~ta. halt kai ut baaa ) Altkanib Britlab C»'-mbla la sot xat taowa u an Iron producins connttr, tbal la for maanfaetarai, eoaildari aUa qaaautlaa bare baen ukan out for Unlnf pnrpciei. The localltlea from »blrh thli ontpnt bai teea made ara Kamloopa and Taiada Uland. Recentir, bowarer, rarr laria depoalu bare baca found near Kltebenar, on tba CroWa Neat brancb of the C. P. H., and a atroni companr la being fcimad to opon op tba properly. ShonM tba ai. pectatloaa become reallied. tba proilmlty of tba loealltj- to tba Immeue coal Icldi at Fernle. Michel and other polnta In that dlitrlct, would ondoubtadir lead to euenilre manutactorlni, ar frel(bta would ha loalnllcant It 1« alio known that at Chemalnua, on VancojTer Ultnd, there are aitentlve depoilli. In aerotal Irjtlneea tba art deneea bare bean traced for many mllea. Wherever ciittlnii bare been mads aloni tba l• l« led«e. ,„ ,. *»»»» to th. ladl«. .TM ,«.l,„ ,; ' '°''*"" "" ""•"-lei curloilUe, oT ' ■'"°' «"«■■ '" '"-o early <»t.d la U.,1 ntlfUborhMd «,i . """""^ ™ «""«I M a. .arty da, oth^ "' '"'°'»"' '"°"' t. ••«. ot factlltl«. a„m 1,,, „/"•;•"'• '"' ■o"""'* «a. doaa l„ th. w« „f^l, ^ "^ '""" Amaworth and 'b..- th. p,„„.., .u«„"".::::r*"'"' "■• '""•• •"- « '^^..r .".c:«d txr '"»"•"• «'« , '» 4..11., ,iu. „p„au„„ .,. ,„ .^ ' * "■"• ' »"'"-"'■ •- lUwvi found «.,«i„ ,„ ,^, ,*"?,;*"- "• ""« t"I.th.r for th. mo.1 part for ». e.Nortli ky have >«r oz;, le bet. i>7 b*- Soma earljr 1 was cateil ra to ir la. etc Ul lab- Cvea •a- ar* al. toa, 4'- ■' ''-'''ji PAYNE OREHOUSE. •r«. Has to the pr«ent mm^ 'h . ' °' ""°'"' """«» I-«ke. sS IT^ Koo'mv mJ tli. SU«r Kta» • rul when the rillw.vTh , """■« » '^' Proportion of golO >nd ii„ml '" *"^ "*"■ 'o belleTe Ui, •n man, place, voani'i "•«'^"»»o- E.ery.he,. ,b„ evl.en e. o, e™ , '' "° "'''""' ■"'■•"''"'"c, aW. -=':.: r~rF= =-^rr,;" -tz £- -~ r:^ - .ut „t«e o-„et;r.r:e\:'r:.;r ;r— -- - - «~ ^^^^ Then an two principal theorlei afloat for the fonnatloQ ot sllrerleftcl d^oslts, "the Isneoai" and "the lateral lecretlon"— Id abort, it may be added for the deposit nf all the other metals as well as silver and lead; but at the reaults ol practical operations &eem to prove and dlsprovfe each by turn, tut Uttlo Is to bo gained by referrlnc lenx'.'iily to either In a work ot tUls description. These are matters toi men ot science to deal with and not prao tlcal miners or men of capital. Poi the Information of the curious we uere make a short rsCerence to the terms that are continuously met with by the genera: reader on this subject. The directltui of the Assures or reins across the country ts called "the stroke"; the aides of these fissures are called toot and laaglng walla reapoctlvely. The course ot the mountain rangea to a large extent determines the direction of the strokes, and they are tor the moat part north-weiterly a^d south-westerly. In oth«r words, the subterranean fcrces that threw up the mountain rangea determined the lice ot the Assures or fractures. As all the veins enclcilng the mtnerala are Irregular In width In given dis- tances. tbc sides In some places coming together, forming "pinches," the metal ledges in the seams are irregular in thickness. The bodies ot metal between pinches are called "chutes." Small bodies separated by quartz or other ledge matter than minerals are called "horses." When the chutes are small they a:o called "I'f^Ineya" or "pockets." The explanation of these pinches la that the sides in coming together again afler separation by under forces, drop irregularly, one passing, the other In moveii ents. This pinching out. to the inexperienced mlnsr, Is a puzzle, and often leads him to abaT^ilon bis claim aa woithlesa, only to be taken up by a <=iicceasor more deter- mlncl. who finds the ore again later nr- In his extended tunnel. Very often width of scam and grade of ore are char- acteristic of locality; but almost !avnriably the recomptnse of nature is observable through'iut, th'^t is where the ore Is low grade ft la abundant, and where small In body It Is very rich. It very aeldom hapr^-ns ■ i*t the mineral or "pay atreak" occutiies the full wi^ib of the seams, esptclally when wide. In such cases tV-o associate matter Is callod "gaagtio." mq^tly quartz "talo" and such substances. "'Ir. silver-lead mining the ledge l«^ found by prospecting (■ :.plained elsewhere) on the all*! hill. Cross-cut tun- nels u; tunnels on the ledgs are driven In at various dittancej apart. These are connected by upraises or winzes, and the ort- and useless rock «. .,. U. con..,.. a„. e«e„e. pro„,.c.. .. T... DC sandon, th. .en„o o. the ...v«-U.d dUtrict, ^" «-" '°J' J 1 C1...C., the Reco. ... Om.ncon B«. s:"^.r dtr r.r:.:r;h.rrst;, i:^:.. p..^. - - — -r- - - — Improved ooncentritor.. ,„nceiitr»tor th« Mmltou, irjwn SHve«o„ .. man, noted ^l^-- ^0'^.^ ' «^£ .^Srr"" """'^ tt.ee year, will .ee the place with a do2on or more „ , _.„ -,,,.., Bondholder, Ohapleaa, Specu- Slocan, at the ,o„t ot Slocan^.-^^ rattrrrmon ^ J^r' li.lor, Phoenli, and perhaps a dozen more that development that, It .t ever, one o, the.c place, .here are --« :' "'^-^^^r ^a U. IlTs.rXto point out to pro,pe. „ confldently believed, will rival any at l;'"»f '";"J,""°°„,iJL7ln development, be 00 absolute a.«.r.noe ot t„r3 and possible Investor, is: there can, . advanc '"•'^<^'^^'^^,,, „, „, p,3c, and that 1. all that can what any property may eventually prove "tsell to be ™;«^^ "y^i, ,„, ,a,estment., there have been a. tzz.::-:!-::!::^"^:^^^^^ '.^ ~ — - « •» ■- - - - »lvan hcrc-ftith;— • ■^ Ol V»lu.. t—t. i,j9o I 17,3!1 HIT ,j',go 75.000 "»» salno "■'" 18M ,0427 73.MI WM viOO ♦•««l> l»»l. 77,100 8M35 1»M 227.000 W6.0M MM 746379 470.219 189* 1496.522 977.229 1«96 3155.343 2,100.689 1896 6,472,971 8,273,836 1897 4292401 2.375.841 1898 2'.339'.413 1.663.708 1899 3958.175 2.309.200 1900 ' 22 570.963 813.649.808 Totals ., ^ _.«„v/>t hftvp had materially to Payne ^^_, Last rhanre | Sloran Slav Ruth '' . Bosun uuo Lbs. VllM. M«,IM 1 *»* 674,t00 ngu 1W,100 6.498 nil (11 Bit Bit 108,420 «WM 2,U6,0i. 7M»6 6.6(2.523 1IM76 16,476,464 6SM65 24,199,977 711,184 38,841,136 l,S«0,tl7 31,693.559 1,078,681 21.862.436 878,870 63,358.621 «.,6«1,887 206.081.558 »7,61«,»M ao with the o-tpuU l> 41««.nt year.. W. (1901) to the la ol Nowmher:— TOBI, .... 1.808 .... 1,230 .... 3,464 279 K-> ,r«. W« _ z.on ■ewell ■'" ■ l,M| AmrlFtn Boy 1H7 -hoe., 8aii«et (Jftchion) BoverelBO Wonderfol ArllBttoii Two Friend! Bnterprlee Ill .' m M '" Wll ...'...!. *> I" "'"' 140 mrtncy '_' us Bl»cli Prince '" ju ..!..... »» ' 279 ., 63 '[[ 14 ..... IS9 103 Ooodenongb . Miller Creek neco Sunset (Can. 0. V)- Silver King Noble Five ... Red Foi 53 Antolne ' 1199 Queen Bess 4g() Monitor 81 Corlntb 26 Bondholder 2,500 Rambler 200 Surprise. _ jO I Group a tt cniipiMn *' Speculator >" *l.x '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'....■. •" Koiio ♦" Emily Edith • *_ 2& Phoenix ........ *" Alpha »0 V. ana M .."...'.."... " Marion ''" 1 Balij : ' BBmeralda P Hampton. ... " Copclla "* Fourth ol July ■ " ']] > Tamarack R Mary Durham 6 Buffalo aa.joo tollowin, ar. IhTdlvWeid 'oi 'thJ VlWo;-!..! propertie. to date:- ^^^^^ Mine. (l,43li,00" The Payne, Saudon • <^0,0O<^ Slocan Star " "' nS.OO" Ruth " ^scoon lUKO " ■ »91.»M Uito, Tbin ratlu as KA«LO, ■.C. Qtntral Vl«w Looking EHt. FREIGHT WAGQON AT YALE, B.C W»lH»»l»r, WWUmtM 1 11. ni«M Mart* Hkll Mlaw, NolM* LMt CkUM, 3ud« Noitt BUT, «. Koouur HO.OOO BbOOO IUbUw, Culboo, MeOulica NoM« riw. 0«dT , BOOOO B«*. lt«0«l»>» ^ 10,000 40000 Jtolun, Wkiuwtter U,00* 10,0m ■IMU Bo7. •udn WublBiUn, MeOiUiu Two rrlMili, Bloernn so 000 AthabMei, NeUoB U,000 , 10,000 QOMD BMI, niFM Fork! AuU)lB«, MoOulfOB • io,ooo BorpriM - Ik.OOO Boiin. N. IXnwr 10,000 rem. NeUon 20 000 Monitor, Thn* Forkf ToUl o« iilTerlMa 14.609.500 ToUl of sold mlnea ToUl OlTidendi 17,348,587 U To tUeaa flguru miut be afldcil the proflti of propertlei owned by close corporatloua anil private parties, who %n not compelted to make returns to the govemmwit, wbkh cannot b« short ot 1760.000, making a grand lotLil of over eight mllUons ot (dollars 'o date. What we desire most particularly to Impress here upon the general reader It, that this has been done in a new country, with very limited capital bdi' by but about 4 per rpot. ot the population the cojntry Is capable ot comfort- ably and profitably locating. Kvery man cannot In any mining country be expected to aUtko rich properties; but u there are openinga In Britlsn Colntnhla for twenty -five tiineB Us present population, wlih :lp mining but just lie. urn, it needs no further argument to show the Intending settler and Investor that no ciuiitry offers better Induce- nenU than this. HOW AND WHAT TO PURCHASE. tt goes without saying that at*y man can under£tand pieces of properties must vary as tue Mados of grass In tho field— that they must all depend un the locality ami conrlltions of the property, having dup regard to the avarl- c!ousness of the owner. As with everything else, every holder waLts all he can get and oUtii more, too. Generally ■peaking, however, the best time to buy is when ore is fiut reached In the property, llie intending purcliascT ftnows he has then the making oi u mine of some magnitude, that all that Is In it is betore him, and enough weallli .'.3 not disclosed to turn the head of the holder. In every case an iiiuxperlenced caiiilalist should first Cortily bimscif with the assistance of a lelitLble exi^rienced mining ni;ii and depend largely on his advice. There are ccorea of such men In the country and tholr ailvicc is al.vays valualdf. The writer Isnows of mines In this coun. try that have been bought for less than J.I.OOO that have jaid over nm tliiit-s that amount in illvhlemts; others a^^tin pay working expenses after a iew hundred dollars have been expendcii, and of course some ni'ver pay. Tho toiin* try. however, has openings for all classes. The man who wants to take his 85,(10 oiillit and .-^ome provisions, can find his field in the placer diggings; he who wants to prospect and sell his locations to tlie capitalist has plenty of field before him; the man with a few huni'.rt-il dollars in hand who wants a propcity thai v\ill pay iia way from the ■tart can find his ideal in the sllver-Icad prositccta; and, ot course, the man with ample means can pioruro developed •blpplog properties in all corncra of tho country. 25 X^>» SCENE OF TRAIN ARRIVAL ON K. « S. RAILWAY. PR08PCCTINQ. Our reference to mettlllfarotn mlnloK In the eouDtry fftnnot be better closed tiian */f desen'tiias tbe methott et tbe prospector. He Imtglnes, of coarse, he can And the Indications he is after on the surface vT the rock, and ■0 h« can: but for the long mges that have Intervened between the depositing and the present, the seams i^re no« tor the most part covered with loose rock that hare rolled down, the remains of Tegetation, and other such a» cuntnlatloni. The nearer to tho top of the hill he approathes, the less the accumulations, and as a result, when iui< covered bj snow, the summits are the favorite fields lor the prospector. Bvldences of the existence of minerals are not wanting at the bases of mountains, or even In the gulcbes traversed b? the streams. There are sometimes assurances, ledges extending from sumimlt to summit of bills, and that In the valley traversed b; a summit fed stream bf-oken pieces or float ore or even placer dust, when not washed too far down, may be seen. Sometimes snow oi Ibnci-slides and the uprooting of trees, expose ledges on t.ie hill sides, where thejr are seen by the prospector. The most common means, however, is this: Tbe prospector, some distance down the hiU, finds a piece of ore, changed and worn It may be by the action of the elements through ages. The prospector knows this has been broken from a crestfng or capping of a nitneral lead. He considers the lie of tbe hill, to ascerta :i Whether It has been brought down through a regular or sinuous course, by a slide or rolled down by the force of gravity. After fully measuring all these surroundings, he starts up the hill, pick In hand, testing the rock at intervals, until, 11 fortunate, he discovers the original source of his And. He marks tbe spot, stakes out the area allowed by law, registers, and then he Is the owner of a prospect or claln. His later operations under development, aa explained elaewbere, show what be bas dlaeovered. The government has divided the mining section* lnt« conveniently sised mining divisions. In which there are Record Offlces, at which the prospector or mine owner can transact alt his necessary legal business. These of- lets are so located that no pnwpeetor or mlaer Is at any t-ma more than from 6 to 15 mtlea distant from one. COAL, nil not ftloB* iB tlie netallifcroai om that BrIUsb Columbia li etpeelally wealthy, as lU coal depoitti are nov kMWB AlM to be UBOBs th« largest In tbe world. Operailona In the latter were commenced on Vancouvw Xaland u ♦•V U ii3fi, NftchlBV, the pMt yeir, an output o( nearly 1 400.000 tons ind employing lom* S.800 mln«ri. Of tltla tmuunt quits & i>erceQt«ge wai converted Into cokr>. The clilef points on the Island at which lar^e depoitti u« known, from worklnsi. to consiit, are Nanalmo, Proteotion Island, Wellington, Ladyimlth, Union. Alexandria and Quatslno. The principal markets so far opened up for the Island production are Australia, American West Coait and th3 Orient. The methods of mining are very similar to those In use in the mines of England. The last couple of years have dtaclosed the fact that iccallties on the mainland also abound in "black dlamondi." At the time of the firat surveys for the construction of the C. P. R. through the Crow's Nest Pass. Immense bodi wera found to Mist, where pow the flourishing towns of Fernle, Mabel, etc . are growing In prosperity. Nothing, however, was done with these deposits until three years ago, when the Crow's Neat branch of railway was built in their vlclnc Ity. The past year these mines have turne.l out over 300.000 tons ot coal, halt of which was converted Into cok« The smelters of the raining districts are likely to heeome extensive customers tor the product of these mines, with the prospect of American smelters later on. These mines employ some 800 hands altogether. Still later prospect- ing haa shown that immense beds of this mineral exist in the Nicola Valley, Peace River, SUeaua River, Queen Charlotte Islanda. Atlin ami the SImilltameen country, in the aouth-wesi portion of the provirte. Though lignite, u> A limited extent, appears on the surface in all the mines, tht- best of bltumlnoua coal shows itself in all tho low«r strata. A new company hag been formed to work the Similkameta bedd and if the railway goes throush Ihtii tha coming summer it la aate to preJict that portiou of the country will be the scene of great cilnlnj activity. The loisxl value of coal produced in the country to date runs to about 152,000,000, Prospecting for coal differs somewhat from searching for the other mlDerais, in that the beds of the ci't^.tks uud abrupt hiii'Sides are chiefly examiued. In these the evlilences are eaaily disceroabie it coal exists. Whcc cual is toaud the lands can be got on most aJvaotageuui terms from the government, and they always turn out a proaublo invagtnunt In balng freer from chances than mctallUeroua mtnea. To sum up. ift raluo o! Iho output ot all ths mlnei. ot Ibj covmlry from lUe Brst oueratloni may l.o iilaociU! lollows'. — Coal and tcUe . . . . . . - Placer gold. . Lode gold S.lver LtaJ Copper • Other miaeiuls. say .$ 52.n0O.O00 . 64.000.uoO . 16,500.000 . 16.000.000 . 10.260.000 6.500,0111) l.O^lit.OOO If some instances the valuoa Tor the year ending -June. liiOl. are estimated. In all there av! '.r.O uii-LaUiioruua mined in the province that have shiupeii more or Usa ore. and last >eir t^er eit! 3 800 mun t^mploytid .a lUe metal. i.erous min..3 and about 4,00U in the Loal mints. Wlieu saying ll.it.sh Columbia offeis unequalled oppoitnniUes lor the aelller or .a-pitul and the man oi r^sulu .,n and energy, lor ,.iuot it U ..:ily necessary to refer to the acompllshmenU d.-lailed above of a po|.ulatinn rant 1^ u. 1 a K .V huuJi^l iu iS«S .0 L;.3 than lluo.Ouo at thtj prtst ut. /VSRiCULTiia;.:. AGRICULTURE. with the '"'''°;;= "''";'' '"^ "„ „,i„,,„j. „.ract the atte.tlon of (arm settler. lor some time to come, hot the lerrltories, who »u ui^.. ' • .„,hea ot mixed larming as well. In this Broylnce, as tar re;;rrr"%r:%rr."^:.:rv:t:-r^^ o.L,„a. .uhoot ™co.. . .. as experience boo., uo i» . wroc'-s of attempts In tuls province as well as aU corners 7^ ^:sr ^::::::^,r u:°::;t^r pr:r";r >::: -1. o, the L.tr, .ther ..re or —e..^- 1. ot 'oan. En,lUhmen, and e,en youn. men o, other ccuntrles, educated (or the praters ons, come to ttl^ pr. Xe ». wel 'a. to ot.er varf ol Canada, or are sent here hy e.^erlmenUns parents, to .«. them ol Idl. hailu. an^ ■» n »el up in tamlag. No one coald expect ftnythin; but failure rrom each expentnentt; It eomei m ttttnrmlljr u »• nn rlMB In the eait and lete in the wc«t, and farming gets a -hlacli eye" In consequence. If eurh rounc men Trei» ftrat compelled to work on farms with good farmers at what they were worth. It observing t^'^« would beonnw Infl- Bltely better fitted for working better venturea on their own account. Aa the province is geographically In two sections, Vancouver Island and the mainland, for iftjnvenlence wka It may be as well to deal with each aeparately, remarking at the outaet that, except In the extreme north of the mala- land, wherever soil is found everj-thlng that can be grown In any temperate country on the laee of the globe can b« grown luxuriantly in British Columbia, always bearing in mind the failure* the resultt of Inexperience and lack of en» ergy found In all other countries, will also be found in this. It is not enough that a man thould even poeteat a Ian* able de-jire to succeed to make a success at farming any more than any other buiinese. Nothing can tak« th« plaoa of energy and experience, and men who fail In any busirees, farming ai well at anything elie, from their reports Ho a country almost irreparable injury. The fact ot failure Is always advertised, but It Is rarely or never overtaken by the cause. K reports of failure, in any business, only reacheJ the ears of people of the same class aa thote who failed, the matter would be of little consequence; but as they as often reach the ean of those well fltt«d to take np the enterprise, who are left without proper explanations, scrlout injury often followa. The failurM of British Oolunk bla have locked up a <:ortaln area of country mostly on the Islaad. that should now tw a heavy producer, aupplying the mining districts ot the country. Many of thesa abandoned farms have some improvements on thera In the shape of spares of cleared land and buildings, and In some Instances young orchards. The successful and experienced tanner of any country, who is not very familiar with the experiences of the pioneer, will Dnd these openings especlallr to his liking. They give him a much better climate than ho Is accuatomed to, a richer and more producUve ioU, and the best of markets, as there Is home cousumptlon almost at his door for everything he ean possibly ralae, t»T. Ing the expenses ot heavy frelghU. A lew years' work en Buch properUes and they will enmire the ease and comfort to much j?sired by declining lite. There are, of course, a:ai>7 other districts that have never yet been aettled eveB by ithe "experimenting fanner," and these In thir Tirgin steto are rated u wild lunle. FAnNI HOUSE. '' Ai mikx be expected, the couutry arouaa Victoria, on th>i '.dlaad, Is wnW set'Ied, highly cultivated, and any firmi tbat may b» offered there command a high price; but In diitances removed, in all dliecUonB, both government and railway lands maybeihad at very moderate flgurei, even some farms with improvements, from |d an acre up. Cow lohoo, includlnc the Cowlchon, Camlaken, QuanUcan, Somenos, Sohatton and Seymour dlslrleta, Is one ot the most floariihlng belts on the Island, and thenfore ou oc ths moat advanced- in tha {tfosloe*. Through It runs the S. ft N. raUway. U is midway to Nanalmo, and centrally locatcj as regards markets. As In the most tavorad parte. 1 nlaea line frulta, grasses, cereals, rooU, vegeubles, aoa in fact alt other crops. Dairying It curled oa T«rr ssttB* trely, a large creamery being In operation tor some years. The municipal authorltlei have to •conomtaed UUI iMX^ tton Is very light. Further on lies Chemalmls, an equally good district, and then Nanalmo, which tlaelndl iDAoj large settlements, presenting excellent oipenlngs for mixed fMtfming. ' /mproved propertiei in these part* ooaound from |15 to $20 an acre, with government landa at |1 and raUwAy Ivms Crom |1 to |3. There Is much good land on Hornby, Denman and Lasqueti Islands, close by and easily acceitlble, on wUeh cattle ranching la the faTorlt* oc- cupation. The Camox district, north of Nanalmo, fi famous as well for Its agricultural products as Ita coal Belds. By the latter the farmers have an easy market at band tor all products. Moat of tbls land la arable, but tittle of It being broken by hills or mountains. A tract of land 60 milon long by some 10 In width forms a bendi between tho sea and tho mountains, which Is admirably adapted to agriculture In ila various forma. The aurlace Is undulating, heavily tlmt>ered in places, with many marshes and meadowa easy ot reclamation. Several valleys are cut through from sea to mountains and these arc especially fertile. All ot this bench land will produce as excellent crops as can b; produced anywhere. In weight the soli varies and the cropping should range accordingly. Dairying Is alio car- ried on here, but to a more moilerate extent than in other par tia of the agricultural country. The Vatdez group o( islands in the Narrows enxl)ra<<> siifflcient lamls tor many largc-Blzcd farms. All the grains are known to grow her^, to the satisfariioii nt the agrieiilturlat. and cattle and poultry raising and dairying are succeastui wherever tried; but so far none oi tliese branches have been undertaken seriously by a tiirlfty class ot white population. Albemi, at tlie head of Alberni (Janai, is another very important agricultural dlstriet. iO miles from the Paclflc, and a little less fv-.-m ihe Gult of Georgia. It Ik u valley uf 2i)t) square ni:ii.'s!, hnviug an '-'XL-cptionally mild climate, with a very pU-.i- t.iul rainfall. 01 late. In addition to Its agricultural capabilities. It is known lo poaaoss lar^e deposits Ot gold and S8 U known of It from the. i».rlenceot.rttter.wbo».»e .pew m 'J __^^,, ,_.^j j„„,,„, „ ^, „ l^nolut. c«t.ln.y m to t..., ..rlc.ltur.1 «.« "^ f "J^^ J OU.n«.a, the Fr..er El,., Viaiey, Peaoo, BUck. c«m,.Uon M. .on., o. thU portion of '« -"» '' J,^'j ' ^ft-^ «'■> "■^ °'-« >""""• °' ""=' "°"- "° '"=' wnur. Nlcoln, Bulkier. Low.r Sk.n., Bell. ''"''•■ «'""'"""°;"",„ „, ^r th. mo.l p.rt of .Uavlal formation, ... vnl.,,. of nil river, and Pl.ln. -™ "^j,"'-;:' JJ^l"" .oil Man, of tn... are of .u«clont ar.a to ,nd lh.r.for. rich In all ti. el.ov.nU that "»^" *' """"'J,,, „ „„„l, . town, .v.n In the mo.t moontalnou. ,,„lt o. lmpro,.d farming on a mo.t "'»»'"•-'• •:^ '„V.r.. " for Jt.le rancMn,, market ,arden,n, and fruit part, of th. mlnln. dl.trlcU, that ha. no. "°»°'' " '3" „t""kel. tor .verjthln, that can he produced. irowm.. contlp.lt, to con^umln. ««tr» ,u.rant..ln, eace.l nt mark . ^^^^ ^ ^___ . Th. Fra-or Vail.,. ChUll-ack. Okanagan. -^'^'J-'; ^J^ ^^^i:^',* , f^urand -heep, l.r.e orchard. .. .ivatlon. with tholr l.re. ImproT.d •"°»; '"'''J 'J' ° ,^7J ,„utut.on. « can only h. found In tte most ad- rlcultural .oolell«, creamerle. and .uch other '»»"«"""" '°''''"„,,j „,„ „p., the man who contemplates .«- „nced d...rlcu of th. oldor province.. A trip through any »' '^'-^^^^^^^ ,„'^/„,,, „.i„«. ,„ . ,ew ,ear. w..h ttln. in m. provlnc. M It would .how •>'- ""'J-;" :;;;; ^HLn '<•' ""• '" "''^ " - "■"' "'""^ '"' '° tnorw and .ntwprl... Of cour... the.. eiten.We '°«"°'" '" ' ,^p,nle. «id prl«*. parUw and cotpov dUtrlcU wlwre tU. Prorindal «.d Dominion goT^nmenU and Ui. raUwa, company. M taaM* Lb* d, U 01 au ily. Thtw ) malnUnd but «DOUgh •p6&k with «i lar U jacc. Black- te. In fact formatlOD, oat area to lountalDous ig and Irult Luced. iLat3 ol cul- ircbarda, at lie most ad* implates tet- w year» with Igure; but in ; aa4 coTpoi- AGRICULTURALtCENS. atioDi hold Improred Tindi thrjr »n b« (ot at rcunnaMc flpirfi. Both ffOT«rnin«BtR. and th» railway eottpanlM, have asenta In all Iniportaai towna ever roady to aiisAoi all cr.iiu iles uf inten4lng acUkTn. On most ot the wild or unlmproT«d landa tbara li Urgt tlmlwr, one ot tha beat of cvldencea ot tertlUtjr and depth ot eoil aal rapid TeioU' tloD; but tbara an manr grmaay awampa and aldar bottotna on cren that* ot larxa axtaat. that prove thema«lves, uo* der the band e( tha aUIIad asrlculturlat, to be the bast farmlni land lo tba world. la the Atllp. country there are Itament* traoU of irailoK Unda which will, aa the country la taat aattUag up with a mining population, evap'''jally Itccotna luoratfre to thoaa who nnfage In the enterprUe. Tba Oltaaagu dlatrlot la of eapeclal Interont In the Interior, berauae ot Ita proximity to the Kootenay country, Ihf iccna o( aiiuntri"a, ihr two latter lifing hut very Im perfectly aettle') brrauae of the lark of railways. The farmer who sncreedii In loratlng In rlthcr of ttiesp, and econ* omizds for a few ycarA, is on the fair way to wealth and comfort. All tfca cereals can be profltahly grown on these fertile districts to perfecUoa. Leguminous plants, roots and gag aUb laa ot all kinds that are grown la aay portloa of the temparau aonaa, grow here to a large sise and of ex- lollcl ,0.111,. All ..rb fr>,IU .. .ppl„, pM„. p,„„,„,„„„ ,^„,|,., p„,^„ ,„ ^„ . cn^r. """'.:" "■"""■ °' '"• '""'• """• ""'"'""■ •-""'■ »»" •'■■«• -» "• "'••'• ■»«« ."0. » .p-rl.. „« .„„, „„,. ,«,,; b„, .0 da-,b, lb. we..er„ m.r.b .r „.,.r„ i„dn.,rr wH. ,« .„d 1™ ..«" ™..\, , * ' ''°"" ""■""■"l°" "■ •""". •" tb.t tb. I.nd on wblcb It n., b. «row» c>„ b. n'r. c ;:c»7iT. '7'" -r":"- !!°- "•° '-" ■"""•"'" -- "-'■' •""■ • '° » '-n".r. C" ^ r,Mt,,.fr,f°"''""'''°''°''"''°' '*'"'•'''""'•"'«'•'" "'■■"' I" •'"'«. ""1" bettor rlr.rl», ,„d ^ :.rr : ""r ': ■°"'" °' •""'""' """" "■ >•"'"•"'" '■"^'"^ ••■" """• '">-«•■' »*r,.„t.r" ™,r'ln >rd flih, It! .irlcnltur.1 Mpibllltle. are a mine ot untolj velltb. Tl« ProTlncl.1 .nd tbe Dominion ,oT<,rnm,nt. .re doing .on>ldcr.blc. to-.-d. tbe enoo„ra,em-nt or t> Inl r ry in tb. province. Tbe latter ba. ...abll.bel .. experimental farm at A,..»l,,. on wblcb r.r,l„"h».|,t .M r . '°'°™""'° " "> "■» ■"»" "'■'""»'"<' ">«boJ. or carryln, on tb- l„d,„try In all l>, drt,r. I, nv." ubrLrbor °' "'. "v '" "" '•™"- *" ^""^ "' ""° •"" ■"'■" -"•^-" - ^-^ <" •" - -v m 1 a,«?°„ .rr' ° '"'""''■ *" ""'' "' "•'"" '"' ""' ""-'"^""'O wl.b in tbe ..,e way. *„ an . .1^7 °""'°"°° "" '"■°" '""PTl'Med la the metbod. „ the country can nt tb. know.,d« n,.,..«, for ..iec». wllboul troubl. and ..pen.=, and better, without lo» to «p.rlm.nllnV ''■'°-'"» Tb. rtotadal ,ov.rnm.nt, again, bu orjanl,,! a .y.len. ot farmer.' la.tltut... b, which Ih. Mrlcaltar:w 01 localttlei m«et togetticr at BUted tlmea for the latercbftnte ot Ideas on practical operations, tt lias also ereati and maintains at prarlnclal expense a Board ot Agrleulturfi, that receives annua] reports from capable and c perlencad correspondents in all parts ot the conntrr. Theae deal with all farm operations and declare results. 'Vh< are dtttribnted to all who desire tbanir and do much to educate those who have neither the means nor the time npertnmt on their own account. ..They, ot course, result In the adoption ot the heit methods the conntrr ot< The adTaacement all tronnd from all cauasa combined, dD*lnK the last flra jrears, has heen verr marked, and tl next flTfl win ahow a decided gain eren upon the Immediate past But withal there Is jret much to be done. Tl country Is Terr extenslre. Its population Is sparse, and its opportunities tor the Industrious settler In whatever ca lag, unsurpassed. The country Is now exporting extensively trom three ot Its Industries — mining, lumiberins ni llBhlng— and has made a commencement In agriculture by fcblH>lng to the territories large quantities ot fruit again the competition ot the Western States and Ontario. Out of this will yet certainly grow a moat extensive and pi fltable business. • We cannot close this sestlon t>et' r than by glvln; a few tacts condensed from the four aectlona througho The country has an area capable ot locating proBtably live millions ot people, and the present population scaro exceeds 150,000, or one for every thirty who may find a comfortable home and profiuble employment In the count as all of its Industries are fully developed. That the country Is wealthy and that the residents are prospering Is amply shown by the Trade and Commei returns of the Dominion government yeer by year. For instance, for the year ending December, IWO, the total i ports of Canada were 1177,778,044. or, deducting the population and exports of this province, 160,000 and 117,156,! respectively, Just |29.47, while our 150,000. sending out 117,156,281, exported 9114.37, nearly four times as much I man as the rest of the Canadian people. The meaning ot this Is simply that, man for man, the Brltlflh Colnmbli got tour tlmea as much for their time aa the raat of the Canadian paopla. Ont of tba aatlra popnlaUoB abont oaa-half are In tha cltlaa. towna i>d TlUacaa, masy ot tht avmkar M ■laan aad flaboraaB, and tba rwmlnflif art aagacad for Vb» moat part la a«ricnlt»« aad Imbaitof. THE LUMBER INDUSTRY. Unlike the coaotry to the eMt of tbe Rock; MoudUIdi, Brltlib Columbia li well wooded. Tbe (reqnent flm If- Dlt«d by tbe iDdlaoa on a grassy soil strewn with dry leaves, and a dry cllmatu. Id mid-summer, must b* eltber tbsnked or condemned, as tbe ipecutor looks at U, tor tbe eitenslvo prairies and the great absence ol timber la H&nitoba and the Territories. On tbe bUls where prairie grass to encourage forest dres and on the skirts ot nvera, lakes and ponds is absent in tho east country — districts itss accessible to flres— timber o[ fair site Is generally to b« found. Again. In districts proteaed later by the white population, bluffs of timber spring up with great rapidity, all going to prove tbo country would have been wooded Instead of prairie but lor the ravages of Ores oocaslo le I by the nomads of the plains, in this province conditions were very different. The mountains and the hUls, for obvlout reasons, were less the haunts ot the red man, graas growth at elevations and among rocks was leas luxuriant. an4 the climate was more humid, snow lying looser at elevations and rains more frequent at lower altitudes. 'I'tiesa causes combined, led to the preservation of British Columbia forests, la places in the Interior where the climate la more arid and tbe land Is comparatively level, patches of prairie are frequently to be found. In theae. under cul* tivatlon, more or less Irrigation Is found necessary tor the proper growth of agricultural ie said that when white settlement was first com* menced, British Columbia was from one end to the other one dense forest of the finest and most useful timber In the known world. Tho British Columbia cedar la now used In alt parts of tbe world as the best finishing tlmtwr available for the b6tt<)r claaa of buildings. Douglas ftr, named after David Douglas, a notad botanist, reterred to be. fore, who explored much ot the mainland In the early yeara ot the past century, is easily the king ot the forest. It If 9( very nearly the same welfht ■« tl» aah, but grows to an eaormoUB •!£«. U has often be«a used to tb4 leoctlt 3tt iT ot JM tHt Ud iM IradWaUj louoi with a olrcumtor.Qce m 50 teot tt the blM. A. f»lr average Is p«rll«OT MO J.el i> ktKkt ud JroB » to 10 In dlMiettr U Ui» Daw. U U macL used In coMtrnctlon work and la lUenjtli. dupaUUty *Bd workalil. qualiUa. It atand. midway between tie talaam and tlw .prnce. EaperlmeaU have ahown It lo he u excellent pulp Umber which latter will he In ireat demand a> .oon aa paper manutactore la commenced In tn. country. In point ol abundance on the laland. the Coa.1 and much more «o In the Interior. U the cedar, the red being oqlU plentUul on the Island and the white more abundant on the malnlanl On account ol Itt rapid growth It ll (leoiiently lound a larger tree than even the Douala. Br. It U specially valuable to the pioneer, removed (rom mill.. bacauae ol It. atralght grained growth, being readily apllt In plank., board., .hlugle. and tenclng Umber with tl,. primitive tool, at the command ot the earl, .etUar-a .aw, aae and wedge. With the addition ot a plane and ^ue o< two other tools, the .ettler ol a little mechanical .kl.l can ea.iiy. with tni. Umber, con.truct a comfortable residenc. wtthout the aid ol a .awmlll or other machinery ot more modern InvenUon. Thl. Umber I. found In other colors- yellow perhaps, being the most Important-that are highly prUed In flnlshlng. working very .mootb and Uklng a mag nllcent polish. The cypres Is found in large quantities on the Island; the yew, the oak, juniper ,arbutus varlctie: o£ the maple etc., are also plentilul there, as well as on porUons .if the mainland, while spruce, in duantlty an. utility 1. perhaps the next wood grown In ail parts ot thetountry. It Is alw an excellent pulp p.oducer and 1. ei lensively used In buildings of every desctlptioc, whetlier In frame work or in ordinary supplies. It makes the be. ot body building material. Hemlock grows to a very large slse, its bark being used extensively in Uie tanning o bides- cotton wood, poplar, one of the best ot pulp protucers, birch, willow, etc., are also lound in great abunc an-e The birch grown I. a good cabinet timber and Is vary extensively used when hardwood I. renulred tor a Ol l.h As has been stated above, though sufficient timber is lound In all parts o( the country tor home uses, the va leys of the West Coast of both the mainland and the Island produce the most valuable quandtle. and aa a re.ult lui nish the most tor eiport. leading to ihe operation of the most extensive mills. .At the present Ume. Uklng In tl. ■mall a. well a. the large In.Ulutlon., about 100 .awmlll. are In operation In the country; and, ol cour*>. a. popi lation Increases there will bo a Held in all parts ot the country lor many more. Conaiderable ol Uie Umber land held by .peculators, but much is held by the government. As the prairie country to the east. a. well a. Chin. Japan. AasUalla, SouUi America, and even Great Britain, lurnlah open markeU lor our production, to aay nothing o 9» exlemivo lionie cockumiitloE lu >tilpl)Ullllns aaa jeneral country development, there la a prosperoui luture before tno lomberasn ol BrlUsh Columbia. Pulp Is likely soon to become one ol tbe greatest Industries 01 the world, and hawy should this province be In Its possession ol so large a supply ot pulp producing tlmb«r. The eastern provinces haT» some W pulii mills in operation. Involving about »2O.OOO,000 ol caeltal. The United States, a large consumer, as »ell as Great Britain, are without supplies and must become very heavy purchasers In this province. Prof. Macoun says our «r, hemlock, poplar, spruce, etc., are the very beat material for the demand. The very refuse at these Umbers, after the lumberman has made his selection In the forests, couM be used to great advantage to supply the ever-lncreasln« dcn-.and fo- pulp were economy directed that way. With good timber In aupplv and the Industry yet so young In thla country, these latter consldcraUons have scarcely yet been taken Into account; but the day li lot far dlsUnt In which they will give employment to a large population and bring a mine of wealth to the province. The demand for paper Is ever on the Increase the world over, opening up new markets, creating a new Impetus to ahlpplng; ant Witt the supply of material In this province, tt ought to become * aootca of untold wealth to the country, to aay notk Ins of i-^e bj3lne3s as an employer ot labor. SAWMILLS. The reader will bear In mind there are large supplies of building timber In all parts ot the country; that towm and villages are springing up In all parte of the province, the agricultural as well as the mining; and therefore mllll are ac-ded In every locality to supply the demand. There Is then a Held lor the sawmill of capacity tor lo<«l aupplT In many parta, and room for the capitalist who Is prepared to manufacture oitenalraly tor eiport. For the purpoM of meeting the eipectatlons of tbe curious, we will give a brief outline ot the working of the Victoria Lumber ant Manufacturing Go's mills at Chemanins, on Vancouver Island, one of the largest concerns ot the kind on the Amen- can continent. It has a capacity ot 4ilo.ilou feet of lumber per day ami a timber limit of 150.000 acres ol the \mt wood In the country. In abort, the mm waa located there because of the supply ot superior Umbar In the Tlclnttj. Th.. company has a branch railway of Its own Into the centre of the buah, some 10 milaa in leogtli, brisflac In w^ ever lengths of timber may be required from time to time to meet demanda. All oM appllaarces at ordinary r'"" tave given way at this to a system ot automatic worklnj much reaemhllng tuimai hands, ao perfect Is U and f 40 m n> moTement.. on.n wbeii .pM l> rwiiilred tl.. trw UU itaiid. Id Ih. bam In It. .uuir term la He mom- Inc la In lumtar or timber to Dll k order ere tb. >un •<». down. In full opemtlon, the mill employe «!»>« m n.«n, one-ball about tbe mill bandllag the lumber and tbe ctber bait In tbe biiib tettlnn oat tbe tlmbel To tb* man acqnalnted wltb bandllng timber at tbe coantr, mm only, ban .lln« a .tick 100 feet loni and more and rrom • to 10 feet In diameter would Hem a noveltr. Neceasll/ compel, the cdUtpanyto keep a macbiue .hop of lirse proportion, and a itair of competent macbMat. employed sbarpenint .awi, repalrlns, reBttlng. etc.. to .avc delay, it tot no other purpoae. Belag at tbe edge ot the ocean, the company ha. It. own whart and all wharfase aaipplug ladllUe.. Tbe mill ha. con over HOO.OOO. The company .bip regularly to Australia, many European countrle. South America, China, Alrlca and tbe FIJI bland., which countrtes will .1. ;» . be our cu.tomer.. The average wage, at the mill are ao cent, per boar. ThI. I. but one ot the large mills t the province: there are others at Nanalmo. Portmoody. New WestmlnaUr. and. In .hort. all the more Impo.-u ^t places In the country ou tae I. and and tbe We.t Coast ot the mainland, with .mailer Inttltutlons at Inland points. No one can m.ke mistakes In erect- ing mills at places without tbem where suitable timber la obtainable * This vast extent of forest and the ever-Increasing demand, ot a growing population, augge.t the prosperous fu- ture ot pulp mill, and wooden ware manufactorle. of all deacrlptlons. An outline o( the law relating to timber UmlU I. given elsewhere, so this chapter cannot better he cloMd than by saying tbe tot.l cut ot lumber la.[ year (1900) on Crown Jands. leasehold, private property and Umlnlon and railway lands was a little over 225,000,000 teet and this Is scarcely j.pprcciablp when the entire forest wealth ot the country is fairly considered. THE FISHERIES. Not amDiK tl» 1M« ol Ibe Indinfrte. ot Ue prcvloce .re lU OiberH.. N-wIc.aiuU.ii(l and No« 800U. Mn llnlr c»tcli«i ind curing estalillslnnems tor ^od and other varieties o( »«h that are quite eitenalTe; but the vdnetiM ot lah ill Uw water, ot our maat and Uie rlvera enterlni it trom the Island, as well aa th. mainland, are muoli uiore numerous and varied. Our ashing Industry has already given more than a continental reputation Ic tha country, as our products are tound in almost every corner ot the glolie. The Industry is deep sea and shore and In- land. To the inhabitants ot the Atlantic seaboard the teric "llsh" almost Invariably Implies cod alone in Its vp.loM species. For the same reason the term on the PaclOc has been associated almost entirely with the salmon. rh« salt waters ot the country abound in the Dneat tood flsh. In variety, to be lounj In any portion M tne world. No doubt the most Important ot salt water Bsh Is the true .oector, or flrit owner, propertlea under %it7 degree of ImproTvmmt: whUa the diu of i can leciire tin Intcrmt lo the dlvlJend-payer in all miu«rals, and the initancee are numeroui ot men who, under «11 or these condEttons, hive made fortuueit. Everybody doei lot, ot course, locceed. but the records ibow tawer fiUlnrw relatively than are shown by any othQr country. The farmer ot every condition of means can find what he deslras— the fraln. the vegetable, the tnilt-produdni or the dairying property, or that best adapted to all foui^ln every degree ot cultivation, from the primitiva forest up to the highest degree of cultWatioc. ' The I'.imherman who wants to hire In the bush, to asUbllsh a lumber yard or to build a mill, can easily find opan^ Inga to h'.t taste, and so wub thn flsberman. The business man and the protesaional man may flnil their business at present fairly well represented, but tha co""».ry Is growing and fields are continually opening with the natural growin. in the whole country there Is the best ot climate, the pureat water in the world, and other natural ' condHlana favorable to rapid settlement. Shlppins tacliltles are fast sprlnglnr to existence to meet all demands of seltiers. settlars' effects are everywhere to be had In the cities and towns, aohoola are opene;! and 8up;>oned by government wherever there are chlHren t9 attend them, and the laws of the comtry protect the rUhts or the Individual regardless ot creed or color, in jtfl- •^^sta^tIaI n-spects It Is the Idaal oountry for the Industrious, enterprising settler who wants to carve out a hoiM aiiid a competency tor himself and family. •PORT AND •CEPWRY. To the pleasure-seeker or tha apoitiuaii. Brltlah Colombia la a rarltabla paradlae. Brarythlng that nature haa Anne tor the country ahe has done on the laegeat acale. After a tzsTaller fran the eMt raiohn Calgary by C.PJL, the Reeky Mountalna loom up before him and from that on tmtU te naobaa the Weat Coaat of VaitooaTer Island i» Uir: Went, the 49th parallel to the Soutl). or tb^ AtHn •^ountry to the North, It fa one continuation irf aurprliea. the U in a »»» to BrlUrt .-oiimblm I I I I . ESTABLISHED i8S8. I IV\. R, Smith & Co., I , LIMITED. MANUFACTURERS OF I High Class Biscuits -- Confectionery <; Gold Medals aw.irded at Royal Agricultural Exhibition, '95 to 99. I Medal and Diploma av irdcd at Colonial and Indian Ex- I hibition, London, hn?., 1886, Silver Medals g _ at Provincial Fxhibilions, Victoria, B.C I BRANCH : 430 CORDOVrST., VanciuvGr, B.C. I I? '■& «99»9oe^j«B»5a*M©->>i-*>>rs->v«i*>j^>>>>>i^>>>s.>i«^ The Mining Review, of Sandon, B. C. Is the Leading Miniag Journal of the Kootenay Country. Its News Always Complete and Reliable. FFom its Extensive Cireulation itjsjile Best; Advertising Meiinm in trf Distpel , . :^ C. CLIFFK, Editor, - - ■ - •- SANtkJN, B. C.