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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely includod in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s A des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmd d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche ik droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. ata ilure. : IX 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 HISTORICAL SOCIETY. CLEVELAND, 0., APRIL, 1876. NVHBBB TWKNTT-FITK. EARLY MAPS OF OHIO AND THE WEST. Bt CyCt^ALDWm, Skoketaet. '.j^ It seems ..traotre that America was not sooner known. The world is lately convin- ced that U has been discovered time and again. There were navigators who took journeys much longer than to America; they circumnavigated Africa, and there was a large trade with the East, including India, China, and Japan. In the voyages of Columbus sjd many after, that route to China and Japan was sought which is only just completea by the Pacific Railroad. The course of nearly all settlement and discovery has been by sea, lake or river; and the first investigation of the West, was made by following up the St. Lawrence. It took long to do this. The early history of the St. Lawrence is handsomely illustrated by numerous maps in the new volume published by the Maine Historical Society, assisted \t^ the State of Mtdne. No more interesting publication could be made than a coUecBon of later maps showing to the eye at a glance; the progress of discovery, until the colonies came under the complete domination of the English. The first consciousness that there was a vast iaterior, appears in a map by JUAN DB LA COJA, DATED 1500. He was a companion of Columbus, and cele- brated for bis after voyages. The lower part of the United States seems pretty cor- rect. Newfoundland appears as part of the nain land; there is nothing that appears like a trace of the St. Lawrence; there ap- pear small lakes in the interior, which from their situation would seem to show that some Indian bad told Cosa or his informant that there were lakes in a vast background. The following maps however, show no consciousness of any such bodies of water. PEDRO BBINEL IN 160S, a Portugese pilot of great fame, made a map wherein Greenland, Hudson's Strait, and for the first time, the entrance of the Gulf of St Lawrence, are laid down with some ap- proach to nccuracVj and it would be impos- sible to mistake his chart for the western coast of Asia. The learned Geographers however, repre sented the matter quite differently. PTOLBMT'S QEOaRAFHT OF 1608, represents an open sea between South Amer- ica and the Cuban Islands extending clear to Asia. Above the Cuban Islands, we again find a clear passage by water to that conti- nent, and the navigator sailing in the direc- tion of Lake Erie would first reach Ben^, with Thibet behind it ; while from the latitude of the St. Lawrence extending northward, he /ould find Gog and Magog. The learned JOHANN BCHONBR, IN 1520 lays down Newfoundland with a broad sea between that and "Terra de Cuba," which Mr. Eohl supposes to be an exaggeration of tbe Gulf of St. Lawrence. West of Canada, is a great open sea, through which is easv ac- cess to the fabled "deserts" of Asia and the Island of Zipangi, (Japan) close behind the "Terra de Cuba.*' The "Terra de Cuba," ends at latitude 50 vrith the words "ulterius incognita," which adjective might extend on H I H |-rH lt W ii i»! | i —i*' CARTIER, 1684. this map in any direction from ' ' ulterius " and certainly include all the great lakes. Other nations prosecuted discoveries on the northern coast of America, and followed the fisheries with zeal, but the French were destined to follow up the river whose source waa long to remain in obscurity. Yet Cartier, who entered the northern mouth of the Qulf in 1584, after cruises in the Gulf alone, did not know that the St. Lawrence was on w a river, but returned to France to get a new outfit to pursue ibe sea channel, a passage to the west. The prospect of the western passage was alluring, and the next season on the 10th of August, the day of St. Lawrence, he entered a little bay named by him from the day. The Indians told hint that it wan a river called "Hochelaga," and at "Canada," very narrow, and that further on (probably rapids) only small boats could pass. He still look- ed for a psissage to Asia, and finding the beautiful Saguenay, to be very deep, thought it a passage to a northern sea. He turned however, and ascending the St. Lawrence to "Hochelaga" made the first tour around the mountain and saw the Lachine rapids near by, impeding further navigation, and called the mountain Mount Royal. The Indians reported to Cartier that there were three large lakes, and a sea of fresh water without end. The great Francis of France, and Cartier supposed this discovery one of the northwestern part of Asia, and for 60 years discovery was not carried sub- stantially, beyond the limit of Cart er in 1585, thoueh the whole region was from that time called " NOtrVELLE FBANCB, " for 60 years a name, then for 160 a reality. The name however, appears on the coast on some maps before Cartier's discovery; aa on that in PTOLEMT OP 1530 "Francesca,"and in 1560 m the Italian map of Gastaldi with a river running clear around it and with the St. Lawrence running fiom the northwest. Many Geographers seem, dunng the earlier part of the 16th century, to have considered the country as not Asia, though they gener- ally made North America quite narrow, often with a great bay covering alt Canada. Witness the Ptolemy of 1530; other maps of about that period of which tnat of Ruscelli in 1544 is most specific; that of Agnere In 1536 most accurate in the real distance from Asia. MICHAEL LOK, '^ ;\ bom in Leyden represents in 1683 a broad river, or great bay, on wliich were Saguenay and Hochelaga, with the "Mare de Verrs Zana" dividing the continent of North America almost in two, and coming to the Mountains in New England. The French maps from the time of Car- tier, until the conquest of Canada by the English in 1760, continued generally to be far superior to those of any other nation. One in 1648 is quite accurate, and repre- sents the Ottawa and the St. Lawrence f>roper, and excels in accuracy, a fine Eng- ish one of 1644. A map of DIEOC HOMBN, A POBTnaEBB, in 1558, is remarkable for laying down what In shape resembles Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, but only accidentally so, the upper of them is Lake St. Peter in the St. Lawrence below Hochelaca. The broad sea is just beyond and parallel to the St. Lawrence. A broad river flows tc the southwest, in position someth ng like som'' of the affluents of the Mississippi; bul no doubt a mistaken representation of the Hudson, as described to Cartier by the In- dians. In the Library of the Historical Society, is an early atlas, published in Venice in 1672, of the Islands of the world, entitled "L'Isole Piu Famose del Mondo descritte da Thorn' aso Porcaechi da Castiglione," engraved by Girolamo Porra, a Paduan. , On page 157, appears a plan of the city o Mexico, Page 161 contains a map of the Islandi and lands of the "Holy Cross" or " Nev World," followed by a description. The sea to the north is all open. Th straits of Vnian, much better represent Bel rings, than the after maps for very • man years. A large lake appears, with a river flowin south. It lies with "Ochelaga." site ( Montreal, on the north and between Labr dor on the northeast, Canada west, and "~ Nova Franza" south of wast. "Larcadial lies to the southwest of the lake and rivel What was the lake and ri ver y Hudson's Rivf with Lake Champlain, or more likely tlf St. Lawrence with some faint idea of waters beyond. Japan lies in mid-ocean. There follow maps of the West Ind Islands. The map of 1569 BT G. HEBCATOB, drawn upon the projection named from tj author, represents the St. Lawrence slb long, narrow river, draining all the Upij Mississippi Valley. It is remarkable for fi laying down with some accuracy, the Al ghanies. connecting however in a chain w| the mountains of New England. m-'^MlitJ^Vtuatu. ith ibe the "Mare de Verra ._- continent of North n two, and coming to the ' England. ips from the time of Car- iquest of Canada by the continued generally to be ose of any other nation, quite accurate, and repre- and the 8t. Lawrence in accuracy, a fine Eng- ra MEN. A PORTUaEBB, sable for laying down what IcB Lake Ontario and Lake cidentally so, the upper of Pettr in the St. Lawrence is just beyond and parallel ace. A broad river flows to in position someth ng like lents of the Mississippi; but aken representation of the ribed to Cartier by the In- y of the Historical Society, published in Venice in 1572, the worid, entitled "L'Isole Mondo descritte da Thom- a Castiglione," engraved by , a Paduan. appears a plan of the city of itains a map of the Islands he "Holy C'ross" or " New ed by a description. ;he north is all open. The I, much bfctter represent Beh- atter maps for very • many appears, with a. river flowing IS with "Ochelaga." site of le north and between Labra- beast, Canada west, and "La south of wost. "Larcadia" ;hwc8t of the lake and river, ike and river y Hudson's River amplain, or more likely the vith some faint idea of great mid-ocean. N maps of the West India I BT O. HEBCATOB, tie projection named from the ents the St. Lawrence as a river, draining all the Upper lley. It is remarkable for first rith some accuracy, the Alle- cting however in a chain with of New England. I 'I- CHAMPLAIN, 1608. The name Appalachian, afterwards ap- plied to the whole Alleghanies, appears on what would be the west of South Carolina, as "Apalachen." Nearly 600 miles above the St, Lawrence, and nearly as wide, is the eastern end of a sea of fresh water "dulcium aquarum," of the extent of which the inhabitants of Can- ada, drawing their information from the In- dians of Saguenuy. are ignorant. In subsequent Mercator maps, this lake nras omitted, probably because careful Geog- raphers did not like to take it upon Indian report. On the atlas of Hondius, based on Mer- cator edition 16i}3, (American Geographical Society) all the lakes aie omitted. In the latter part of the 16th century, lived a celebrated Gteographur named Ortei- ius, of whose atlases there were several editions, all now scarce. The edition of 1578 is in the Librarv of the Am. Geog. Soc. North America, curiously appears more accurate in detail, than as a whole; looking as if parts of it were drawn on different scales and then placed together. The continent is much too wide. There are several rivers flowing into the Quif of Mexico, difficult to identin'. As in Mercator, a range of mountains runs Saralel with the Gulf, making the rivers owing south short, and throwing the vast interior of North America drained by the Adssissippi, into the valley of the St, Law- rence, which is separated by a range of mountains from the stream "TiguasRio" flowing into the "Mar Vermeio" or Red sea, being the Gulf of California. Hudson's Bay is a strait running from Ocean to Ocean. The name Nova Francia — New France — appears to be the name given to the country drained by the St. Lawrence, until it came under the dominion of the English, although Charlevoix in his history, says it was first bestowed by Samuel de Cham- plain inl609. Mr. Shea in his valuable edition and tran- lation of Charlevoix says, the name is first known upon the Copper Giobe of Ulphius in 1543; and appears next in Cartier 1645 who speaks ofHochelaga and Canada, other- wise dialled byus New France, showing the name to have been somewhat common. Mr. Parkman says the name was first used, after the return In 1524 of Yerrezano to France. Ortellius in the map described, omits Lake Huron, though in the much less accurate map from Uakluyt. (ed. 158?) it reappears. In the last map tne country lying north of the St. Lawrence is called "Bacalaos," a word meaning codfish, intending Newfoundland. For many years however, after the discov- eries of Cartier little or no progress was made in the interior geography of the parts of America drained by the St. Lawrence and Mississippi. France was too much absorbed in wars, religious and other, to prosecute discovery. First came the war with Charles V. in 1563. In 1562 the first Huguenot war, in 1673^ the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, and a constant state of tumult until the Edict of Nantes in 1598, when France began to rest. In 1608 two tiny vessels, one of 13 and one of 15 tons, sailed up the St. Lawrence. The expedition was commanded by De Chastes, but his companion was Champlain; a man whose energy and achevements in the dis jovery and settlement of the great un- known wilderness, entitled him to the appellation of "TUK father op new FRANCE." The expedition sailed up as far as Mon- treal. Champlain tried to pass the rapids above but failed, and the Indians made rude plans of the river above, which wre so indefinite that Niagara was understood to bs R rapid only. Tte French, like all nations making early dicoveries, had keen eyes for commercial growth. Champlain had, before the expe- ition of 1608, urged the plan for a canal across the Isthmus of Darien, — renewed in our own day. In 1608, he again sailed up the St. Lawreice, himself in com- mand of a vessel, to mtke a settlement upon the Saint Lawrence and a scarcu for the inland passage to the East Indies. They commenced the city of Quebec in ICOS. In 160U, Champlain in behalf of an Indian party from the Ottawa River, met in battle the Iroquois upon the western border 0^ tbe lake that has ever since borne his name. He published a wood-cut of the battle, — found in his works, — where it looks easier for him to knock over the Iriquois with the butend of his gun than to shoot them, such is the defiance of perspective. He also published a map in which this lake appenrs. The eastern end of Lake Ontario is seen f .m . interference between the Iroquois and th enemies. The Jesuits and the traders Uv among the Indians. In after years they labored upon La Huron and Michigan, and explored La Superior until ihey prefixed to their relati of 1071 (Jefauit Relations' reprint. Quel 1&66 Hist. Sue.) a map of Lake Super excelling in accuracy that of any of lakes then published. This mwa has also been reprinted in I; ter and Whitney's Geological Report tl i.^i*«ji »' iii*i X« i^?4* yj^ > ^> 'i >y ** B **t ' j* * ^ 'Documentary Hlitonr of Dr. O Callaarban. indeed interesting: Lake rtlieaat, and Niagara if In lerfall" deucending wlucli, lab become dizzy, named, is little but a very rer leading from Mer Douce Lac St. Louis, (Ontario). tbat it was doubtful if lod on its banlcs, thourb he e living there. The direc- ■ie is a little south of east, tetween Lalce Ontario, Erie, mere tongue of land, the luron be>ng near its western ! t)eing I&rf;e, and at. etching St some 6S0 miles, the whole lb to leave it very mowledge, if any Cliamplain ie. > into Lake Huron from the ;jac," supposed to be Lake ault > t which he gives such JB to well ideniilSr Sault St. the north there empties by *uan8" another smaller lake, r author, "there is a mine of id in the Lake is placed an is- ire had l)een seen a mine of ion makes one think of Lake lie Royale, yet the direction le larger, represents Buperiof Bite lakes, as appears by hit om the reports of the Indians iking two lakes has divided itics of the one, between the )laces t^e "Puants" amone 8, who belonged after, and bat time, around Lake Michi- I Bay which was long called 18." died in 1085, and wati buned 1 with him died the energy of seemed to have been bom in leath, New France suffered lian wars, in great degree the nplain, and resulting m>m his itween the L^quois and their Jesuits and the traders lived ians. ars they labored upon Lake Lichigan, and explored Lake Lhey prefixed to their relation it Relations' reprint, Quebec 2.) a map of Lake Superior iccuracy that of any of the ilished. as also been reprinted in hoa- tney's Geological Report of HEYLIN (ENGLISH), l«8e-16«8. Lake Superior, in Bancroft's United States, Vol. 8, and Monettes Minsisslppi Vol 1. But the (Geographers seemed to learn very iloifly of the Tabors of Champlain. PETER BETLIN— (ENaiL^ISH) 1600—1062, in his Cosmographie, London 1620 says: A chain of mountains below latitude 40, sepa- rates all the streams into the Gulf of Mexico, from the territory north. He separates A ~Jierica into Mezicana and Perwjia; and Just about in the vacant posi- tiuu of the Lakes appears the name " Amer- ica Mexiuana." Lower California long before Joined to the continent, is now, with the superior learning of later geographers become a huge island, with the '^are Vermiglio" (Red Sea) flowing between it and the main land. The west coast, which in former times had reached far to the west, runs north, and in latitude 60 is a dim outline of Behrings Straits, whi({|i weroinafturmaps as "Auian" brought nearer and nearer to the immense island of California. Our auJior speaks modestly of the "Streits of Anian.if such streits there be. " He else- where places in the northwest comer of America the supposed kingdom of Anian whence the name of the strait "thought by some to part America from Asia, the very being of such a kingdom and of such streits being much suspected," the river Canada (St.Diwrence) "bath its fountain in the un discouvered parts of this Northem Tract sometimes enlarged into great lakes, and presently reduced to a narrower channel. " His map notices none of the great lakes and leaves it doubtful whether the author meant more than the occasional widening of tae St. Lawrence proper. The English feeling is shown in the statement that the French are "shut up in a few weak forts on the North of the Canada." He places Canada or Nova Francia north of the river, and Virginia is liberally bound- ed "on the North, Canada; on the South, Floridw; on the East, Mare del Noort; the western boundaries cot known." A large river flows into the Gulf of Mexi- co, located much like the Mississippi. It is called the "Canaveral," a name gvenin after maps to the river flowing into obile Bar, (to wit: Senex Atlas, 1722). De Soto had found the lower Mississippi in 1542, and its character no doubt transferred to the Mobile river. Tn most of the early maps a long line of coast between Mobile and Juex- ico was omitted. The "Canaveral" connects in its branches with the San Spirito, as if tnere were some mkling of the great western branches of the Missusippi. The " San Spirito" was the early name for the Missis- sippi after De Soto's disc'. very, HETLIN'S HAF AMD BOOK OF 1052, are similar to the edition oi 1626, this "'oara* od" man having learned nothing in the meantime. A Frenchman of 1656 published by N. Sanson d' AbbeviMe, an industrious and famous Roval Geograpaer of France, gives parts of Lake Superior and Michigan. This map (Harvard College Library) Ih referred to by that too little known writer tlie late Rev. J. H. Perkins, in N. Am Review Jan) . 1889, and he su^ests the pub- lication of a copy ot that ana several other maps. In a map of Sanson's dated 1669 in his Atlas (Am. Geog. Soc. ,) "Lac. Erie" is not far out of shape, and Lakes Huron, Michi- §an and Superior appear, the last not being efined, towards the west. This map represents California as an island. On a map of Gerard Valk and Peter Schenk of Amsterdam, in the Hist. Soc. , no dale, but prior to 1708, it is also laid down as an island, with the careful statement that by former Geographers it bos always been made a part of the continent, and so taken by Dutch from Spanish maps; but now known to be an island &c &c. Tbic error became general, long before 1700 and as late as 1767 an edition of Lord Anson's Voyage Round the World ( in pos- session of H. C. Gaylord Eaq.) malces the same blunder, giving the fancied island the same square end towards the north it gener- ally received. A UAF OF 1658, JOHN JANBBON, of Amsterdam, taken from his Atlas of 1658, represents the lakes on a very small scale, inaccurately; the Niagara River is longer tbar. either of tt'j lakes, and Superi- or and Huron are supposed to be disconnect- from the others, and empty separately into the St. Lawrence. California is a peninsula, and America stretches to the west, as in the earlier maps. Meanwhile the progress of discovery was steady, though slow. The Jesuits were pu^ suing their missions. I have already re- ferred to their map of Lake Superior, with parts of Huron and Michigan, in 16'70 and 1671. It is minutely and nicely laid down- Lake Neepigon is more accurately laid down than it has been in the maps of our own time, until since the Canadian survey some 40 years ago. Isle Roya'e (Minong) is down but once, while after maps often had it down twice, probably because it can be seen from the north side of the lake and also ( MARQUETTE, 1678. from the lone pennsula running from the ■outh far into the lake. The Indians talked much of the great river to the weot, and the reverend fatherH occattionally ■mentioned it, Father Allouez in 1066, conjecturing that it empties Into the Sea by Virginia aiid cailng it the "Mes- sipi." It was generally thought, however, that it emptied into the Gulf of California or the Gulf of Mexico; and that tlie diarovery would give the French the knowledge and possession of the Southern or Western Sea. In the Relation accompanying the map last described, Father Dablon speaks of the great river called the "Miasisipi which can have its mouth only In the Florida Sea." He seems to have appreciated its size, saying it seems to encircle all our lakes, and emptving into the Red Sea (Gulf of California) or that of Florida. Ir. 1678, the good fathers on Lake Super- ior planned its discovery. lifarquette was of tlie party and the only one whose narra- tive ol the expedition is preserved. His map is published in Shea's "Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi," in fac- simile, from the original preserved in Mon- treal accompanied with a translation of his Journal. The map gives all of Lake Superior or "de Tracy, " but the extreme north; the west shore of "Lac des Illinois" (Mich'ran) and the River "de la Conception" (M issis- 8ippi)bythe Wisconsin by which rivarhe entered, past the "Pekittanoui" orMiriouri and the "Wabonkigon" (Ohio) to a village called Akansea. The travellers returned by the Illinois which is also laid down on the map. One can also recognize the early forms of many familiar names. A map published in this same year, and to be found in Blome's Brittama, London, seems almost the complement of that last described. It is said to be designed by "Mousieur Sanson, Geographer to the French king, and revised into EBglisli, and illustrated by Richard Blome, by his Majes- ties especial Command." The relative positions of Lakes Erie and Huron, are much improved from former maps, and the peninsula between them much better given. The direction of the shores of Lake Erie (not named) are given more correctly than in most after maps un- til the present century, The whole lake is sunk too far to the south. Only the eastern end of Superior is given, and quite incorrectly. Lake Michigan proper is ignored, there appearing; Green Bay as "Lack of Puans" 'esching far west but not completed. There are the usual ranges of mountains dividing the rest of the continent from the lower Mississippi Valley, the river appears without name, and emptying into tne Hay of "Sp'r- ito Santo." The Glacial Sea a branch of Hudson's Bay, is not tar nuthwest of Lake Sup( rior. The west coast of Amer ca is given only a little above the blunt northern end of the Island of California. Our Author thinks that there is some likeli- hood it may be discovered that Lake Superior "dlsburthens Itself into the sea by two or more different coursss, one towards us, which is that of Canada, another towards west and above California, the third to- wards the north and into the Christian Sea; and that the mouth of this may show lu the way wo have so Ion" sought, to go to the East Indies by the West." Christian Sea, is another name for Hudson's Bay, which no doubt was supposed to open freely by the "Qlacicke Sea" already mentioned, to the west. Sanson was no donbt much indebted to maps, still in manu-icript, of which what is now known is contained in the appendix to Mr. Parkman's Discovery of the Great West; an appendix very valuaole upon the snbject matter we are now pursuing. THK HAP OF OALINEB 1670, gives the Upper St. Lawrence, Lake Ontario, River Niagara, North Shore of Lake Erie, Detroit Rivor, and the East and North Shores of Lake Huron, with considerable accuracy. He claimed to have visited these shores. About 1672, another map was made sup- posed to be by La Salle. All the great lakes, savs Mr. Parkmsa, arc laid down with consiaerable accuracy Opposite the site of Chicago is the state ment in effect that by a portage of a thou- sand paces one can go to the River Colbert (Mississippi), and thence to the Gulf of Mex- ico. The whole length of the Ohio River is laid down, with the name it new bears; so called by the Iroquois, on account of its beauty, which the Sieur de la Salle descend- ed* It is a pitv these two maps are yet unpuh- lished. The Mississippi must have been laid down from a fortunate guess, as La Salle himse'f was yet some years after to trace Its course. In 1669 or 1670, he had entered within a few miles of Lake Erie, a branch of the Ohio; and descended as far as Louisville. In 1670, he embarked on Lake Erie, sailed through Huron passed tbrousrh into Green Bay, and by that, into the main body ol Le Michigan. .*,*« ., „^„,.-, — j-TT -. i < i» "y" 'iJM* J >^ ^-^^.j<^A|]^^^jkx."J|^ j j^gi tf« -Wj,, ^^ ntinent from the lower the river appeani without ig into the Bay of "Hpi8, and fol- low down the Mississippi. Shea has sug- gested, that he had better have built a vessel on the Alleghany, and sailed down the Ohio; but he mov have anticipated Interruption In building bis vessel and the portage was too long. He wished to build at Nlaeara a fort, but the Senecas would not allow it He sailed to Oreen Bay. His vessel was wreck- on her return, his men deserted. He began on the Kankakee a branch of the Illinois, the erection of Fort Broken Heart, "Creve- coflur " He sent Father Henuepin to explore the Illinois to the Mississippi, who in 1680, ex- plored the Mississippi north, as far as the falls named by him In honor of St. Anthony of Padua. Ilennepin returned to France, and in 1683 published "Description de la Loulsiane," with a map, of which more pres- ently. La 8.>»lle entered the Mississippi, February 6th, 1682, with three canoes. He followeii its course and on the 0th of April 1682 en- tered the Sea. He returned up the stream. The next year he sailed from France, to reach the mouth of the river by sea, having 3ont Tonty down the stream to meet him. They were never to meet again. T^a Salle passed the mouth, and after great dlsheart- enings was killed by his own n\en, on a branch of the Trinity River, In Texas. Tonty returned disappointed, and bis letter left with an Indian chief for La Salle, was delivered, fourteen years after to Iberville. Joutel, a fellow-townaman of La Salle, was his companion in his last unfortunate expe- dition, and its historian. His journal, with a map, was published in Paris In 1718, and an English edition of 1714, Is in the Histor- ical Room. An account, however, by Father Douay, was also published In 1697, by Le Clercq, which was suppressed. Hennepin learned something of the narrative, and In 1607, pub- lished "Nouvelle Decouverte d'un tres grand Pays sltui'- dans I'Amerique," contain- ing his former work and other matter. He has stamped himself as a wonderful liar, claiming to have himself, descended to the mouth of the Mississippi in 1680, with such circumstance as woiUa of themselves show «,—»- .u^ — rVi^ '-" — *'-*»*f "* »>? ^' «'ii '; ■ jjft ji j t f J^^ i ,y !}>i^ ii : \ i J: ' e may have bflen bT aome meo into some smaJl lake, this day. irKry's mapi and hooka I'lUe mo'e accurately tbU Durney through a portion river that ia ItH aouthem Mt 1679, launched into the ve the falls, the flnt sail le lakes, called the Griffln. I through Laku Michlf^n, I on I he Illin:>lB, and fol- H.slHsippi. Shea has huk- l)ettcr have built a vosnel ind sailed down the Ohio; iticipated interruption in il and the portage was he*M«>>i««*ai*Na JOUTEL, 1714-LA HONTAN, 1708. his tale impossible: and habitually, making inrgpr the stories of his flrttt book. This was published In Utrecht, with a now map Heunopiu having retired from Franco, and In 1708, an edition still enlarged, wau pub- lished in Lo ndoH, with the same map; both uedlcated to William, king of England. It KO happened that HenFcpin's books receiv- ed a wide circulation, and for a long time the expeditinns ot La Salle were known mostly through them. Hennepin did a good deal to debase the geograpliictl accuracy of the maps of North America. His two maps correspond with his change of claims His flrst shows the upper part of the MiHsissippi, having in the lower bart a dotted line as a guess Into ibo Qulf of Mex- ico. The other is carried to the Gulf, much abridged in length, but with the character- iKtlc curves, inlands, and cut olTs. The up- per MissiFS'ppi in much alike In the two maps, though In the last liake Superior is more correctly shaped, and Lake Michigan less spruwiinz. The river Seignalav becomes the Illinois, and Fort des Miamis and the river it was on, now St. Josepii, is moved from the east and correct side of Lake Michigan to the west, The portage Is marked alike in both. Lake Erie reaches down in the flrst, to latitude 84, like a well filled round sack with Its bottom to the south, and its south shore is wonderfully inaccurate to follow so close- ly otiier maps based upon La Salle's. In the second Lake Erie is hardly mended, reaching like a narrow bag to latitude 87. X range of hills is below It, and from its source nearly tu Its mouth the "Hohio" flows west. The Missouri appears ae the "Otenta," reaching far from the west, and as in Mar- quette's map the name the rivtr now bears ajppears among the people upon its banks. The Ohio is in another place called the "Ouye," and below it are the mountains "Apalache." The Fails of Niagara, called in the first map the Grand Fall— and sai in bis first book to be 600 feet high — have n^rown In the second map to be more than 600. Lake de Conty, or Erie, of the first map, is in the second Lake Eale, or "du Chat," the ancient Eries having been otherwise called Nation of the Cat. The tribe themselves Erieckronois (Erie Nation) are well along the lake' Several rivers appear; but the whole lake and country included in Ohio are so 'ncor- rectly given that there is no place for a nver to flow correctly or be identified. The Sioux appear where they were first heard of. They were feared in the West much as the Iroquois in the East; and con- tinued to inhabit much the same place where they made war as late as 186A, two hundred years after they arc flntt beard of. The map In Joutel's "Journal of LaSalie'i Last Vovage," London, 1714, is little mor« than a sketch. The lower part liears marks of actual observntion, though the the Missis- sipni is not as correct! v given 'n its course aa in Hennepin's even. It is called Mississippi, or Colbert, with a note that in the year iTllI "itchanged itsnamoand iHcsllod Ht. Louis." The Missouri appears by that name. The river "Uiiinols or tjeignely" is too far east. A branch, the "llamany, reaches below the west end of Lake "Eria," tlie direction and position of which is more correct than ir, Hen- nepin's, but it has sciuaro ends. The river "Douo or Abacha'" (Oiilo or Wabash), is far too small and too far south. M. Joutel returned along the Illinois, On the loth of August, 1687, he passed the "River called Houabache" (Ohio), "said to come from the country of the Iroquois towards New England.''^ He thought it a very fine river, extraordinarily clear, and its current gentle. His Iiidians "offered up to it by way of sacrifice some tobacco and beef steaks, which they fixed on forks, and left them on the bank to be disposed of as the river thought fit." If Hennepin had a rival in literary fame, it was the BABON I.A nONTAN, whose maps were as mendacious as the other's books, ills travels, published at The Hague In 1705, have only a small map of the lake region, where Lake Ontario Is not far from round, and Lake Erie has a very square, broad end towards the east. He reports to have traveled up a large river, emptying Into the Mississippi about where St. Paul now stands. After travelling up this river for eighty days, he K'H'med, having found many and civilized tribes of Indians, and being informed that the river continued its course from the west until with a short portage connection was made with anotlicr large river, flowing westward and emptying Into the salt sea. His river was called according to some people the "Dead River," because of its slow current, while others called it the "Long River." He has a large map on a smaller and wider scale in the edition published at the Hague in 1715. Lake Superior is not badly-shaped though It turns too much to the northwest. Lake Illinois has more nearly its proper shape than on most contemporary maps, though its south part is carried too far west. The passages to the Mississippi by the head of Lake Superior by the Wisconsin I f'i 10 ENGLISH GEOGRAPHER8-1700-ai. river, and by the Saint Joseph and Illinois, are ail well marked. The "Ouabach" does not show its origin. This literary imposture seems more re- markable than Hennepin's. The latter seems to have been moved by maUce toward La Salle, and vanity for himself to claim dis- coveries of real objects though with a strong exa';geration in describing them. He doubtless expected his claims to be success- ful. La Hontan apparently drew purely upon his ima^nation iu falsehoods which must necessarily be detected. The account of Lone riyer is contained in a letter pur- portmiBf to have been written in 1(38!) in Michilimacinac. As the Indians told Nicholas de Yignan tales of western waters, and the missionaries of the Mississippi, the "Great Water," so they may have told La Hontan stories either not well understood or perhaps purpose!} mis- leading, as Indians have always been wont to do. The Baron was in his day consid- ered a man of respectability abroad, and was afterwards Governor of New Found- land. His Look ends with a coniu- gat on of the verb to love, in the Indian tongue. The upper end of his riv- er was singularly enough a salt lake, in latitude 46, and supposed to be far over to- wards the west coast, and the furthest Indi- ans he saw, knew the Spaniards. One might think he had n-soended the Missouri and the Platte, and ber ' told of the Salt Lake and the Spaniards beyond, except that he care- fully tells that after returning from the Long River he descended the Mississippi and ihen ascended the Missouri. The Baron's Dead River and Salt Lake had life enough to creep into the maps of many highly respectable geographers. One UNOLISH OEOaRAPUER, HERMAN MOLL, several of whose maps are in the .His- torical Room, evidently believed m him fully. The lakes appear much larger than in La Hontan's maps, but all '.n the same peculiar forms as in La Honta;v while the "Long River" and the Salt Lake are all laid down with express reference to our imagina- tive traveler Moll's dated maps range from 1711 to 1720. The Ohio is called the Sault River; the Wa- bash the Oubach or St. Jerome; the name Oubach in one instance covering the lower Ohio. In the map of 1711, the Upper Ohio is called Ochio, and takes its origin in Oniasont Lake (Chautauqua). The map of 1720 makes the Wabash rise in this lake. It flows along parallel with Lake "Irrie or Chat," and not fifty miles south of it. In fact, a correct knowedge of the Ohio was yet far oti, and tor many years it was yet to be represented nearly "parallel tj the lake, and too near it. Where white men travelled through the present State of Ohio at all, they took portage on the rivers at the west part of the State, the portages being much easier, and the travel safer for the French. A map of Peter Schenck, .\msterdam, 1708, makes the river Auabach, otherwise called Ohio or Belle River, with a portage from the Maumee. This map is evidently taken from the French, and Ie superior in general knowledge to others of the same map maker of date apparently not long previous. JOHN HOMAWS was 3 celebrated geographer of about this date, of Nuremberg, and it seems singular thpt a town so inland should have been so famous in geogrnphy as Homans and his heirs, and others made it. His large atlas, in four thick folio voluiies, is in the library of the American Gf ogtaphical Society. A general map of North America is in the room of our own Historical Society. It is a photograph taken by Mr. E. Decker, of our city, from tue origina' owned by him. La Hontan's itiver and Lake arc down, but Lake Erie is more like Hennepin's.reaching far to the South. Lake Superior has a long arm to the West. Maps on a larger scale in the grand atlas represent the lakes better. The rivers Wabash and Ohio are one. John Senex, F. R. S., (English), in 1710, gives a better representation of the lakes. He makes the Wabash, Oho or Belle River, all the same. He has the Long River down, and the lake beyond it. He gives a brief ac- count of its discovery, but with a suspicion of the truth, says: "Un'ess the Baron La Hontan has invented these things, which is hard to resolve, he beinj, the only person that has traveled into those vast countries." Iu the room of the Historical Society is the General Atlas of the World of JOHN BENKX, LONDON, 1721, a huge folio volume. A map of 1710 is quite inaccurate. Lak^ '•Eriub, ir Felis als Cadaraqua," looks like i flight of steps, such are its sinuosities. Thd west end lias so narrow a strait into thJ rest of the lake that it seems a most a sepa| rate lake. The Felians (Cats, or Eries,) appear it large letters, while the tribe then really hole ing the country modestly appears in smalj pica as the "Sinneks," on a small strean Oneida Lake empties into Lake Erie by | river named "Onydas." The Ohio is lud down very Imperfectlji with only the name — Sabsqungs— to tha branch, the Ohio above the Wabash. Neithq ;t knowedgeof the Ohio d tor many years It was ted nearly parallel i3 the &r it. Where white men the present State of Ohio ortage on the rivers at t^.e State, tlie portages being the travel safer for the Schenck, Amsterdam, river Auabach, otherwise River, with a portage from is map is evidently taken and ie superior in general ers Gf the same map maker not long previous. HN HOMAWS geographer of about this srg, and it seems singular land should have been so phy as Homans and his made it. His large atlas, voluiies, is in the library Gtographical Society. A North America is in the Historical Society. It is a 1 by Mr. E. Decker, of our igma' owned by him. La nd Lake arc down, bat Lake Hennepin's,reaching far to a Superior has a long arm ftps on a larger scale in the present the lakes better, sh and Ohio are one. John (English), in 1710, gives a htion of the lakes. He makes or Belle River, all the lie Long River down, and it. He gives a brief ac- )very, but with a suspicion '8: "Un'ess the Baron La nted these things, which is he beinj, the only person J into those vast countries." f the Historical Society is s of the World of NKX, LONDON, 1721, ime. 1 IS quite inaccurate. Lake als Cadaraqua," looks like a Itch are its sinuosities. The o narrow a strait into the ,\mt it seems a most a sepa- [Cats, or Eries,) appear in ile the tr.be then really hold- modesily appears in small neks," on a small stream, npties into Lake Erie by a lyoas." lid down very Imperfectly, name — Sabsqungs— to that > above the Wabaah. Neither COXE, 1727— Dk D'LISLE. 11 I Ohio or the Wabash rise as far east as the west of Lake Erie. A map of Louisiana anc' the Mississippi, inscribed to William Law, however, is quite full and satisfactorv, and up to the learn- ing of the times, it is plainly based upon the maps of the French geoitrapher De L'Isle. The Ohio, or Belle, rises well up as it should. Alter the mion with the Walw.'^li. It is called tbe "Ouabache, or St. Jerome. ' Lake Sandouske appears by that name with the islands. "Chicagou" appears with houses meant for Indian huts, but looking as if our neigh- bor, settled so late and ^own so fast, was then something of a town. La Hontan's river does not appear, though he is not unfrequentiy quoted in the text. "Louisiana," or what the French call "West Canada," and the Spaniards "Flori- da," includes all the vVest. The Missisaippi scheme was then in full favor. Our author says the French King gave a grant of this country to M. Crozat, 14th September, 1713, N. 8.; the River Missis- sippi being then called St. Louis, and the country, Louisiana, and the country ,iow given to the "United French East and West India Companiev." "the shares of whose stock by the management of Mr. Law, a Scotch gentleman, rose m 1719 to 1200 per cent. , by which many people ia France and elsewhere got vast estates." He describes ail the lakes except Erie, and not badly. He places south of the Ohio River by his map, "a desert 160 leagues in compass, where the Illinois hunt 'cows,' " meanins buffaloes. The time was now approachinir when the geography of our interior was to be more thcouehly studied. The French had long completed their chain of occupation through the lakes and the Mississippi, and were gradually establishing other posts further to the east. The Enprlish had taken the Iroquois unr^.er their nominal protection. The next map I shall mention is in a "DE8CBIPTI0N OF CAROLANA," l,ONtON,1727, by Daniel Coxe. Our author is careful to state in the flr. Mj f^ i ' » , « ^ »» ! fc»fi r i wy\*i.tk^V. . lake, with an outlet to the ,d color to Mr. Perkins' iontan's river may have widened with its "waters g near Red River, flowing nnepeg and Nelson River a salt sea, supposed on desired route to the East. Kny., 1880 writings of J.H. 167.) ro now giving much atlen- r of America. quois made a deed to the iritinn, speciously claimed convey the riglit of sov- aonarch. mor Burnett sends to the I deed dated Sept. 14 of that oi the Five Nations, con- of 1701 and and also c'aira- i said to extend from the east. (V Col. Rec. 800) This 1 in Albany, and the Qover- ;land two maps with the irked in red ink. naps, however, were yet ich and not with the best of >re me an atlas of "America (North) by Henry Popple, idon in 1738, and now in the I. ere undertaken with the ap- e Lords of Trade, using all rts, and ob.servations that ; and especially the authentic ual surveys transmitted by of the British Plantations, sd to strongly as more accur- xtant by ''ye Learned Dr. Oxford, and F. R. 8. The icstowed much labor upon rogress is backwards. Lake tenac forms two well shaped lie northeast. Lake Erie is ue east and west; Lake Hur- short north and £outh; Lake I too short; Lake Superior is north with a great square hole east half, lintance the Lon^ River, re- gana. The Hobio, is as usu- e with a branch from the ) Chaatsuqi^a Lake there not less, slightly intelligent, ap- iya and rivers flowing north nd 'I Sandoski.' The Miami n, not named, appear as I Ohio; the Miami having ap- rger and named previously in L'Isle. 1 which the larger maps are latisfactory; and the various I CHARLEVOIX, 1744. 1« portages showing routes of travel are laid down with care. Chicagou appears with its houses and its river of "that name with Fort Miamis or Ouamis, which was rea'l^ ioi.::ted on the St. .Joseph on the e*MWHM«*M«wMi 14 BNQLISH MAPS, 1754-56. Bcription of Lake Erie Is in tlie second vol- ume of his Journal. I may be pardoned for mentioning that my copy puljlished In London, 1701, has in it the autograph and arms of Sir. Wm. John- son, fiorn in Ireland, he settled in central New- York, m 1746 was made a war chief of the Iroquois; in 1755 a baronet of Great Britain, in 1756 " Colonel, A^ent and sole 8up- intendent of all the affairs of the Six Nations and other northern Indians." His life was for some time before his death ha'f the histo- ry of New York. He disd jnst as the Revo, lution commenced, and his children and her- editary influence carried the Iroquois ai^inst us in that contest. He negotiated the treat- ies under which the British claimed the country of the Ohio. The arms are supported on each side by Indians with bows and arrows, surmounted by tlags, spear, and tomahawk. The crest is an liplif ted baud with an arrow. The motto is "Deo Regique Debeo." I owe duly to God and the King. The coat of arms caused me first to suspect the book once his. 1755, the year of Braddock's defeat, was a fruitful year for maps. In 1748, the Ohio company had been form- ed with the design to settle beyond the Alle- ghauies or "Endless mountams" as named time and again in the maps. In 1750, Gist their surveyor traveled down the Ohio. Early in the year 1753, the English learned that the French had crossed Lake Erie, for- tified Presque Isle, (now Erie) and settled upon the branches of the upper Ohio. WASHINGTON was sent to see tbem. His journal com- mencing Oct.. 31si. 1753, was published in London, 1754, accompanied by a map the author of which does not appear. It is evidently based upon that of Charle- voix but with additions. Lake Erie has at its east end more itsjproper course. At Presque Isle appears a Freuch fort with a portage fifteen miles to another on "Beef River or French Creek " The Mahoning River appears as Great Bea ver Creek, the name Beaver now existing in the lower river and eastern branch. Two streams appear, one called Yellow Creek, between that and the Muskingum, called with its branch to the north (T>isca- rawas River), White Woman's Creek. Tus- karoras is a village upon the east branch. Muskingum, and White Woman's Town, are two villages at the junction. Farther southwest we find the Hokhoking (Hocking), with a village of the name upon The "Sikader" River (Scioto) is well defin- ed. Then the Little Miami without name, the "Great Miyamls" with name, both quit( Incorrectly, with an English post "Pikkava linna" (PlckawiMny) upon the Great Miami, From a small stream at the east end ol Lake Erie to the Miamis, entering at the other end, no stream appears on the soutL shore of Lake Erie. A criticism appears, that the space be tween the "AiUgany Mountains and the Mississippi is too great in the French maps.' I do not see that m this or in the FrencJ map9 the space differs materially from the fact In 1753 was published at London "Thf History of the Five Indian Nations" by C, Colden, Surveyor General of New York. Although the book is valuable and in 175( Governor Burnett supposed Colden "to know the geography of this country bettei than any other person," the map in the sec ond volume of this work is of little value and carries one back in Ohio to the old mis takes. There are in the rooms of the Historica! Society, two maps dated 1755, designee especially to show the dispute between Greai Britain and France One published by R. and J. Ottens, Am sterdam, i$ in a reprint of Mitchell's atlat of that date published at Amsterdam bj Covens and Mortier, and presented by Rev. E. A. Dalrympie the, Secretary of the Mary land Historical Society, to our own. The other is engraved by Thomas Rit«bet and sold in London, but even the title li French. These maps, as well as one in thi Historical Rooms published at Amsterdan 1752 were, I am satisfied, the 14th o the Atlas Methodic^ue of J. PaKiret "ageni of their High Mightinesses the States Genera of the United F ovincc &c. . and describee in his "Concise Description'' for the bette explaining of the map, London 1755. The territory marked disputed, is boundet north by the Lower St. Lawrence, th 3 Ottawa a line north of Lake Huron and turnini south to the Lake near its west end, thenc bjf Lake Huron, Michigan, and the lUmoi River, to and down the Mississippi River Thence along the Gulf to Pensacoia Baj thence irregularly north stretching -towarS the east, and west, again north throug the middle of Tennessee, thence south of ari nearly parallel to the Ohio and about sevet ty miles distant nearly to its source, thenc about thirty or forty mi es west of presea Buffalo to Lake Ontario, thence along i^ south shore and in a line with it to the hea of Lake Champlain and nearly to the Coi necticut River thence up to opposite th outlet of Lake Champlain, thence nearly eai to the sea. In these maps the bay which I have spoi en of as in other maps intended for the d pression in I^ke Erie at Cleveland, is call rrii.Vifr»toirja),n "-i.'f'Stir ijVftiHiri^'titi'icV^'":^^''*^"'^' "■»i n LEWIS EVAN8, 17«6-^IOHN MITCHELL, 1756. 16 mis" with name, both quite an English post "Pikliava- iny) upon the Great Miami, stream at the east end of Miamis, entering at the earn appears ou the south ie. pnears, that the space be- gany Mountains and the great in the French maps." n this or in the French ffersmateriallyfrom the fact. ublished at London "The i'ive Indian Nations" by C. or General of New York. ok is valuable and in 1750 tt supposed Colden "to phy ot this country better >erson," the map in the sec- this work is of little value, back in Ohio to the old mia- ;he rooms of the Historical laps dated 1755, designed w the dispute between Great ice by R. and J. Ottens, Am- reprint of Mitchell's atlas mblished at Amsterdam by rtier, and presented by llev. e the, Secretary of the Mary- society, to our own. ngraved by Thomas Kit«ben )ndon, but even tlie title is maps, as well as one in the us published at Amsterdam n satisfied, the 14th of )dique of J. PaHiret "aeent [ghtinesses the States General I'.ovincc Ac, and described Description" for the better e map, London 1763. marlfcd disputed, is bounded ver 8t. Lawrence, tha Ottawa, F Lake Huron and turning ake near its west end, thence , Michigan, and the Illinois iown the Mississippi River; the Gulf to Pensacoia Bav, rlj"^ north stretching towards west, again north through enncssec, thence south of and the Oliio and about seven- nearly to its source, thence • forty mi ea west of present e Ontario, thence along its in a line with it to the head plain and nearly to the Con- thence up to opposite the Ihamplain, thence nearly east 1 the bay which I have spok- 3r maps intended for the de- s Erie at Cleveland, is called Oanahogue Bay, and a settlement upon the east side of the river (Jwuhoga. At "Sanduske" is a French fort. LEWIS EVANS was an American geographer and sur- veyor, born about 17(H), and died June, 1756. His home was in Pennsylvania, and ho was much employed there and else- where. He published a map of the Middle Colo- nies In 1755, with an anal> sis. The map it- self is an ep tome of history and geography. It was engraved by -las. Turner and printed by B. Franklin and D. Hail in Philadelphia It was dedicated to Governor Powuall, who in 1776 published a folio (also In the Histori- cal Room) with an enlarged analysis but the same map, in which the Governor stood stoutly by his deceased friend against other maps pirated or other. The advance in local knowledge in this map is large. The Cherage River marked •'djep," lies in such a position that it must be the Conneaut. Between that and the Cuyahoga is a small stream called the Elk, which may oe either the Grand or Chagrin- The Cayahoga is laid down with local but not accurate knowledge; it is said to be muddy and pretty gentle. Up stream on the east are the "Tawas." Oppo.s te is a French House with a Mingo town just above it. It rises in a pond with a portage of one mile to a branch of the Muskingum. The next river west is the "Guahadahuri," not far from the Sandusky River, and seem- ingly too tar west to be the Black although the name sounds a little like the "Canasado- hara," the name given to the Black by James Smith, prisoner in the country just s^uthof Lake Erie in 1755. Tne Sandusky River has Wiandot on the cast, Fort Sandusky on the west; above them is a round lake, the river flowing dirjctly north. The inference would be that the take was intended for the bay, and the village and fort were situated respectively on the south altd north aide of the narrower part of the bay. Above the lake on the east is "Junandat" built 1754, and a Wyandot village. A portage of four miles leads to the Scioto, and one of ten to the Miami. Lake Ene is too square at its ends, and too near east and west. This map is partly reproduced and des- cribed in Col. Wnittlesey 8 History of Cleve land. The land between the Cuyahoga and Con- neiiut Rivers is "level rich land intermixed with swamps and ponds." The Beaver has two branches; the east in- terlocks with the "Cherage" and "French Creek," ihe otlier(Mahou'ng) westward with Muskingum and Cuyahoga; on this, flowing ni>arly duo cast, ar>! many salt springs about thirty miles above the forks." Mr. EvanH thinks the swamps and ponds prevent a good port.'.ge to the Cuyahoga, "but will no doub*, in future ages be fit to open a canal between the waters of Ohio and Lake Erie." Cuyahoga is "muddy and middling swift" but nowhere obstructed with Falls or Rifts. As this has fine land, and extended mead- ows, lofty timber oak and mulberry fitted for ship-building, walnut, che.wut, and pop- lar for domestic services, and furnishes the shortest and best portage between Ohio and Lake Erie, and it-s mouth is sufficient to re- ceive good sloops from the Lake, it wi'l in time become a place of consequence." The Muskingum lias coals, w'nte clay and free-stone, marked on the map. Whetstone, freestone, coal, salt, :ind petroleum are marked in such a way as to show an intelli- fent examination by his informants, for Mr. ivatis says his knowledge of the Ohio coun- try was from traders and others. Opposite Wheeling Creek are antique .sculptaras. The map has many trails and portages with distances marked, which are not noticed here as that may lie the subject of a fu- ture paper. Opposite Sitndusky are laid down three is- land stretching at regular distances across the lake, where the Indians cross from Can- ada to trade. A map which was repeatedly printed, much used and long authority, was Mitch- ell's. JOHK MITCHELL, M. D. F. n. 8., came to Virginia early in the 18th century, as a botanist. He livea long in Amer ca, and died in England in 1768. His large and elaborate map has a certifi- cate from John Pownall, Secretary of the Board of Trade and brother of Governor Thomas, tbat it was undertaken at h<8 re- quest, composed from drafts, charts and act- ual surveys, transmitted from the different colonies by the governors thereof. This cer- tificate is dated Jul^ 1 1755. The various editions of the map gen- erally have no date but this. It con- tinued to be much thought of, and was used by the Commissioners in making the treaty of peace in 1783 by which our country be- came a nation. The copy thus used was not long since presented by the English Govern- ment to Hon. Chas. Francis Adams who gave it to the American Geographical Socie- ty; and it hangs as a principal ornament in its lecture room in New York City. There are three copies of Mitchell's mttawas. The Mineame Tiore nearly than usual liere are unnamed smali ing from the south in- to oe identified. ■» does decided credit to Huichins At the Rev- Midon. In 1778 he was ondence with Franklin ■ica. Here he was made ilted States. He oraan- Ind surveys, but died in will be found In His- III t ographical Description the author" in London. Evans', and would tell ey could not a'ready lis map, which is not in though the book is. ) the proclamation of iverc, however, pressing apitalists, among them thinking that western ble, and in 1768 at Fort >hnsou made a treaty by ' of the Indian Lan(fe ■s: commencing on the the Cherokee, (Tennes- )h!o and Alleghany to cross to the Husquehun- lare of New York State much, appears in a map y Guy Johnson, to be umeofN. Y. Col. Hls- t was considered that large concessions, engendered among the ;res9iou of settlers and eadv to side against the colonies, during the war for independence. Ho little geoghaphical progress was made during the war, that, as we have seen, the map of 176ff, was the basis of the treaty of 1783. A map in some respects showing a curioun mixture of knowledge, and the want of it, is CAPTAIN CAHVEU'S, published in London, in 1781, to illustrate his travels on the Upper Mississippi in 1760 and 1767. The general map is on a small scale, but carcfMlly studied. The large one has many details of Lake Superior, and the country west of it. The gen- eral map has the west coast, wherein ap- pears Vancouver's Island not named, while the great Wes»"m Sec with'n shows it was not fully expl ed, and the Straits of "Anl- an," remind us of the early times when Beh- ring's was confounded with the sea around Vancouver's Island. Of the maps and books of Revolutionary times, in the library of the Hist. Soc., "The North American and the West Indian Oazet- teer," London, 1778, 2d ed.,i8 quite cele- brated as a bibliographical curiosity for its account of Bristol, Rhode Island. Bristol is a county and town in New Eng- land, "having a commodious harbor at the entrance of which lies Rhode Island." "The capital is remarkable for the King of Spain's having a palace in it, and beins killed there, and also for Crown, the poet, begging it ot Charles 2d." The maps in this 12mo. are very fair for their size. A map printed in London, 1777, for Robt. Sayer and John Bennett, compiled from Mr. D'Anville's maps, corrected from the original materials of Governor Pownall, gives the relative position and form of lakes and riv- ers quite accurately, more so than Mitchell's though on a small scale. All the lakes seem quite natural. The Ohio and its brancnes from the north are not far enough east, but quite good in form. The draughtsman gives our antipodes credit for some knowledge of the continent. He lays down on the west coast between Lat. 60 and 66 "Fou Sang of the Chinese." But a map of 1770, "laid down from the 1 itest surveys," and corrected in like manner, Koes back to the errors of Evans' in the forms of Lake Erie and Michigan. It is not nearly as accurate as D'Anville's, and is reduced from Evans' and Mitchell's. THE AMERICAN ATLAB OF THOMAS .IBFFBETB published in London, during, and after the Revolutionary war is not uncommon. One purchased by the writer in Glasgow, Scotland, is on deposit in the Historical Rooms "Composed from numerous surveys, by Major Holland, Lewis Evans, William Scull, Henry Monson, Lieut. Ross, J. Cook, Michael Lane, Joseph Gilbert, Gardner, Hil- lock, &c., &c.; engraved on forty-nine cop- per plates. The original date was 1776, but by a pas- ted slip is 1704, and nome changes appear. The Index for maps 6 and 6, describes the map above of 1770, laid down according to the treaty of 1708. The plate is the same, but for the text of the treaty of 1708, pass- ing HO much territory from France to Eng- land, is substituted a new treaty of 17% with the "people of the United States." A map of the United States of 1700, has in colors its flag, but its Lake Erie has gone back a hundred years to the old flight of steps. "A map of the United States, by Samuel Dunn," Improved from Captain Carver, is a good, but small map. There is also in the Historical Room a large atlas of FA den's. The first map, "The British Colonies in North America, engraved by Wm. Faden 1777, is a very fair abridgment of Mitch- ell's. Two maps of Pennsylvania show a very little jf Ohio; one of them has the Hokhok- ing River or the Long-necked Bottle, too far east. The war <^''^. not call for maps of Ohio; but the "Rebel works at Boston." Philadel- phia, and Independence Hall, are well repre- sented. Not long after the treaty of peace, the western country again attracted attention. In 1787, was formed the North-west Terri- toiy. Anticipating its value, JOHN FITCH, of steamboat memory, spent considerable time in surveys, within the bounds of Ohio and Kentucky. He had previously traveled the country as a prisoner among the Indians. In 1786, he mtule a map of the " North- western country" based upon Hutchins' and Morrow's maps, but containiug ori- ginal and accurate intormation. He pre- pared the copper plate and engraved it himself, and took his impressions in a cider press. He was then living in Bucks County, Pennsylvama, and engag- ed In inventions using steam. The map was sold at six shilling a copy to raise money to pursue his experiments upon steamboats. This map I have never seen. It is partially described in Col. Whittlesey's life of Fitch, in Spark's Am. Biography, 2nd Series, Vol. 0. The positions of the main rivers and great lakes are remarkably accurate. On its face are engraved sentences, as was the fash- ion at that day, which showed his clos. • V! rf' JJ ? i * " *'^'J^**">* khw#-" ao UNIVERSAL ATLA8-HECKEWELDER, 1700. m knowledun of the country; na — "The lands on thltt Luke (Eric) ure (generally thin and Bwampy, but will inaku good pasture and meadow landH." "TliiB country (IllinolB) haa once been Hot- tled by a people more expert in w»r than the prenent. IteKular fortlHcations, and Homeof thoHe incredibly large, are to be found; al«o many gruvcH o'l towcra, like pyramido of earth." Fitch's own projected land company wiih not a succeflH; but other companies were formed, which Nurveyed and settled the lands west of the Allcslianies. A valuable atlas prenentcd to the Histori- cal Society, by Mr. Geo. VV. Howe of Cleve- land, while these papers are being printed. Is "THE CNIVEHHAI, ATLAS;" LONDON 1706 being a complete collection of the most ap- proved maps extant, corrected with the great- est care, and augmented from the last edition of D'Anville and Kobert with many Improve- ments by Major James Rennel and other eminent geographers; engraved oi. 100 plates in 60 maps, by Thomas Kitchen Senior and others, in one largo folio volume. Plates 50 and 57, are a fine map of North and Bouth America, where the United Btates are laid down according to the proclamation of peace signed at Versailles Jan. 20, 1783, compiled trora Mr. D'Anville's maps with corrections in the British provinces from Governor Pownall's materials. The Lakes are much more correct than in the English maps. The French maps gen- erally, gave more correctly the position of the lakes, but not so much In detail the country. Map 58 is our old friend, originally pub- lished with the ttxt of the "last treaty" of 1768, republished with the text of the treaty of 1788. Map No. 68 "of the Middle Dominions be- longing to the United States of America," Is a very satisfactory map upon a large scale. It is quite distinct from either Evans or Mitchell. The south shore of Lake Erie takes 8 serpentine direction south of west. Oxhurene Bay is just east of the Cherage Riv',r and is quite large. "i'he Elk Creek seems to correspond with the Grand River though quite inaccurate. The map follows Evans and Mitchell in making the portage from the Cuyahoga to the Muskingum, one mile instead of eight as it should 1)6. Rocky River is small and unnamed. Black River is larks and unnam- ed. Beaver Creek is as it should be, small, and is unnamed. The Guahadahuyi answers to the Vermillion. The Huron appears as Bald Eagle Creek. Sandusky Bay and Riv- er (the last is named) are quite proper. The whole of Ohio shows the author's in- formation to have been accurate and exten- sive fur the times. It was not until the surveys of the Con- necticut Land Company, that the northern coast of Ohio was known The travelers and gacotlrera to be sure gave some knowledge. There Is in the library of the Historical 8oil)ona( Black), (4njs (Heaver Creek) Ver- million, Huron, Portage, and Mliiml du Lac. This mop belongs to Mr. George W. Ford of New York (^Ity, to whose courtesy I am indebted for its examination. The gazetteers of those days furnished little Information of the North-west Torrito- The map of JOBKPn HCOTT, PniT.ADEI.PIIIA, 1705, is aftor the Mitchell of 1765, but less accur- ate. The text states the boundaries of the trea- ty of Greenville, 1796 by which the Indiana granted all east from the raoutli ot the Cuy- (dioga, up the river by the Portage, to the Tuscarawas branch of the Muskingam, thence dov;n it to a crossing place above F'ort liaurens, thence to a iiranch of tlie Great Miami near which stood 'Lorrimer's Storo" tlirnce westerly to P\)rt Recovery on n branch of tl.e Wabash, thence South West lo the Ohio River opposite the Kentucky Ri- ver. The map of the Northern part of the Uni- ted States in the "American Gazetteer" of .TEDEDIAII MORiE, D. D. B08TON,1797, repr'nted London, 1798 is a viy creditable cuiline, showing greater correituess in form and information. New Connecticut appears as well as the Greenville line, and the additional reserved lands for the forts in various places. The Cuyahojra has the name "Cayuga," and Morse in his text calls it the Cayahoga or Cayuga sometimes called the Great (Grand) River: a statement taken by him from Loskiel's Missions. Mr. .1. W. Taylor in his excellent History of Oho, thinks the aames of the Cuyahoga and Geauga Rivers bith are from the occupation of their banks by a band of the Cayugas, one of the five Nations. Mr. William M. Darlington of Pittsburgh, in his notes to Smith's Narrative, derives it from the Mohawk word for river — Ea-ih- ogh-ha. The generally erroneous notions as to the south shore of Lake Erie, led to some prac- ical business results in tlie history of our land titles. W^hen the State of Connecticut proposed iMtit \mmitSAvMk'i^:.MMlb*i^J.''.^* ■-'•>' -.a!v 22 KXCE88 COMPANY-TIIE LAKEH. to (toll It* "WpHtem n«'H4«rvf" there wiw morr tlmn one piirty of Kcnthiinnn prepiirrd to hid for II. Tiio n'milt win a compronilHc Itetwi-cii <»1- Ivcr Plu'lpx and IiIh iiHH(M'lat('ii. iifterwiird'* known iiHllii>"('oniio(;llciit l.andOompHiiy," und .liilin liivln^Mton mid IiIh axMOC'iatt^ii, uf- terwiirdH callod tlin "KXCEHu company" The ExcofcH t'oinpnny ufrreed to withdraw ■II propoNitions tiiitdi' by tiicm tor purclrnxo and to iwHiHt their com pt-ti tors. The Hxcess Company whm to be entitled to the excesH over 8,0(K),0(K) turim of land, to be released to tliem and jiald for by them at the pro rtttit price of the whole land, and were to be to that extent tenantH In common with the ('on)iecil(iit Land ("ompany. This axroemeiit, a comv of which Is in the library of the lligtoricuil Hociety, Is dated l'.ith August, iiva. The IDthof May ITlHt, the individuals of the Excess Company conveyed all tlieir ti- tle to John Mor|2an, lohn Ciililwe I, and .lonii- than Brace, (he sai'ie triisiees who acted for the Land Compiiiiy, by conveyance {|ui'e ■imilartothatof the Land (.'ompany, to them. It was provided, however lliiii I lie Joint report of the surveyors then aciin^ in the uxumina- tion of the new territory should De lliial as to the (luanlity of land to bo held in common by the Excess Company. The report of the surveyors was made 28th January, 1707, and it was found tliat the Land Companv had less than 8,000,000 acres, and tlie Lxcess Company nothing. Qoneral Hull, afterwards so unfortunate in the war of 1812, was a principal stock hold- er In this company, and the common f;eo- graphical error of a himdred years nearly rumed him. The NAUB8 OF TCUC LAKES seemed to be determined in spite of elTort, and are generally Indian names. The first discoverer of Ontario called it "St. Louis:" The early French called it "Frontenac," after the Governor, who was not unwilling to be complimentea, but it was afterwards "Onta- rio or Frontenac." The English, aa they first claimed dominion, called it "Kat^ra- kui or Ontario" (Washington's Journal). Mitchell, "Ontario or Catarakui;" andPow- nall, ttie same: but the name Ontario was al- ways used. , Huron was named from the unfortunate tribe on its shores when it was first discover- ed, "des Hurons", of the Hurous. From Homans.lTOC, and DeL'Isle. 1723, it received the alias of "Michigan;" Hennepin in 1008, and Coxe in 1721. called it "Huron or Karegnondl;" WashiDgton's Journal in 1764, "Ouato^hl or Huron*." No oneof the lakes HO uniformly received the same name. Lake Michigan tH'rHiHlenlly called at tint "IllinolM," was called "Michigan" In 1711. by Kenex, in 1714 by Charlevoiji, and it contin- iii'd i;eneriilly after this to kave that name. Huperlor, " culled by ('hiimplain its ttrst topoifniplier, "(Jniiid I(l at tint "MIcliW In 1711. I'y irlovolx, iind it I'oiitlu- Im to bAVi* tlmt imrno. y (Uiiimpliilii itN tlnil liiic" wiw niinu'd hy Diulerful map •'Trncy »l!p(l l)v the Enn- (I Voxe in IT'JI. iix an tiiHMlunH" (Hioux) on IIh id from dm time of the t niiinc, with uccHBlon- I nnmitof Tniry, itn nnmo from the Eries >rmly had thai name. Ihc callfd the Cat na- had somctimoH tite al- "FoliH," "I)u Chat." t alHO "('adaraqua" the m to Ontario. VVanh- :hcll, and Pownall call- many yearn was con- liaHh, and called either lio in early diacovcnea iiiKon;" Hennepin call- ntan, "Otiahftcli ;" Jou- 1." heir acquaintance with nnper end, and were nd the name Alleghany it "Ohio or Alleghany V Thepiki by the Shaw- Ohio or Splawciplki." vaa called almost unl- HometimeH Elk. Mr. the Territory North ies (1805) says, it in an The Elk'H Eye. ThU 'itchell to one of its fll. of Ohio, 594). says meaning a town on often called "White |:ause a captive white >ng thvj Indians, imed from a Delaware jilled Mohican Johns, Town formerly upon Im an Indian of that ^e Hock Hocking, a Ir. Howe— bottle in Ip has an alias to it 1 " pcioto was uniform. JScioto or Chianotto," ■me. liginnlly the river of CATALOGUE OP MAPS. ilie MlamlK (Indian*);) and often cHlled in the Im>oIi.h ".Miiimi du I.iic" todUlliiirnivh It from ijiu Miami (lowing into tlic Oliio The con- traction lo Maunicc wai» very fonvonien' to >llfitingnish it. The niiine ".Sandoimki" uppoarM upon Ho- man'd map, 1707, to Hut bay. The word in H»id lo lie Wyiind, and meanini; "water" or water within water. ■■pi !■ PMifiHin af the Weit«ra BtMrv* u4 Narthfrn OkU OlitorlMl 8«(l«ty !■- cliillii- the Uk« BeglM af .Mtrth Aacrica ta ISM lacluhc. 1400 to 1582— Documentary lllHlory of the State of Maine, Vol. 1, rnntalning ii MlHtory of the Discovery of Maine, by .J. (J. Kohl, I'ortland, 1869, containinK !11 maps. 1520. Mnppcmundi llieroniinuN de Ver rezano, rediKMtd copies. Journal of the Am. iieoa. Ho(;. 187a. Very early, but no date or place of publica- tion. La Florida (in'tluding the Mississippi). Uieron. Nova Hispania. Peruvianae Auriferae Regionls Typus. 1572— L'Isole Piu Famose del Mbudo, by Thomao Porcaccbi da Castlglione — Venice. 1((2«— Cosmographie of Peter Heylln, book 4, part 2— (America) London. 1(109— Oeuvre8de('hamplaln, reprint Que- lu!C, 1870. Map of Lake Oham|)laln, includ- ing east end of Lake Ontario. 1038— Some w:>rk— fac-similo in Vol. 6 of Map of the Lakes. Description in French ; also Vol. 8rd Documentary History of New York, by Dr. O'Callaghan. Description iu English. 1083 — Tracing from Hondlus' Atla-i, based upon Mercator; original iu Am.Qeog. Soc. 1088— At, or before this date. Insulae Americanac, V^Tm. Blaeu, Amster- dam. Virginia by the same. Amsterdam. After 1631. Several Sea Charts by John Keulen, Amsterdam. Northern Part of North America. Gulf of Mexico. North and South America. Also an early Dutch chart of N. and S. America, with the sea currents, — no date. 10.'52. Heylln's Cosmographie. Loudon. Deposit by Mr. Charles 8c«tt. 1657—8. America noviter delineata, by Jonn Janson, from bis "Novus Atlas," Am- sterdam. I Three trariaini from the auas; origtiMi in I Am. Geotf. H-o*. Nova iliHiii- fila et Nova Gnliria. I 1605 — CoHiniograpblo HIavianm-, John niaeu, AniHtenlam. Tracing of general laaii of North America; original In Am. Geoir. I Soc. ] 1670 — 71. Jesuit manx, with Itelathm of those years. Heprint of .JcHult l{elfttionH,lH70, Montreal. Foster* Whitni'y's Lake Superior, Part a. Hancrofi'H United Stiiies. V()l. 8. Moriiette's Mississippi Valley, Vol. 1. :il/8. Manjuelte's map. Fac-simile from tl-e original in Montreal, iu Shea's Discovery of the MiMsissippi. 1678 "lilome's Urittanniu," map designed by Sanson, London. 1680. Two maps from the "English Atlas" London, TmcingN. Original in Am. (}eog. Soc. 1681. Map published with Marquette's Journal, hy Thevenot. Copy in Bancroft's lliNtory of the United StatesVulumo8,n. 160. 1688. Lo, 's Hennepin, in his "Description de ill Louisanii" &c Paris 1688. 1696. Triicliie from .\tlas of Vanderliest, Anisierdaui — oriirinal in Am. Gcog. Soc. 161)7. Louis Hennepin, in his Dccouvorte dans L'.\meriquo, llredit; also in "Henne- pla's Discovery of Ainortea," London 1608. "A map of a Large Country Newly Dis- covered in the Northern America." 170fi.La Hontan, Memolrrsde L'Amerique Scptentrionalo, Vols. 1 and 2. 1706. Tracing from Iloman's Atlas, Nur- emberg— original in Am. Oeog. Soc. 170"^. (Prior to). North America, Gerard Valk, and Peter Schenk, Amsterdam. 1708. Tracing from Atlas N. Visscher, Amsterdam. — orig. in Am. Oeog. Soc. 1708 America, Peter Schenk, Amsterdam. Mexico, Florida, and Mississippi, same. Tracing from Atlas of same — original in Am. Geog. Soc. (fo date, but about (1708), two tracings from F. Dewitt's Atlas. Amsterdam. Origi- nal in Am. Qeog. Soc. 1710. John Homan's, Nuremberg. Photo- graph from his atlas. 1710. North America, John Senex, F.R.8., London. 1718. Journal of Last Voyage of La Salle, by Joutel, London, 1714. 1716. Nouvcaux Voyages i&c, La Hontan. The Hague. 1715. Map of Dominions of Great Britain, Herman Moll. South Sea Company's Trade, (no date). North America (no date). From H. Moil's Atlas: 4 small maps with no dates. West Indies, Mexico, and New Bpaia. Amerlcn. Florida, or Louisiana. ,-'... ^^Sf-CJMZ 34 CATALOGUE OF MAPS. Mississippi, Canada, and New by > ,'W m Louisiana, France. 1720. Parts of North America claimed France. H. Moll. 1721. General Atlas of the World, with text. Tlilcli folio. John 8enex, London. 1722. Description of the English Posses- sions, Danl. Coxc, London 1727; St. ."^/Ouis 1840. 1723. Map hy William de L'Isle, Royal Geographer to t.'enrh King, from Covens' and Mortier's Atlas. Amsterdam. 1722. "Historic de L'Amerique Septentri- onale." La Poterie, Vol. 2. Paris. 1726 or prior. Louisane et Coiirs du Missis- sippi, without date. Wm. de L'Isle. Fac-sim- ile in Hist. Coll. of Louisiana, by B. F. French, Part 2, IS^O. Philadelphia. " 1733. British North America, with the French and Spanish Settlements Adjacent. Henry Popple, London, 1 Vol. folio. 1744; Carte dc la Louisime &c. by N. Bel- lin Histoire de la Nouvelle France by Charle- voix Vol. 1. Amerique Septentrionale by N. Bellen Vol. 5 of same worl? 1747. North America, Emanuel Bowen, in "European Settlements in America," by Ed- mund Burke. 1752. Possessions Anglaise e Francaise, L Bitter, Amsterdam'. 1754. Map of the western parts of the Col- ony of Virginia as J|far as tiie Mississippi, with Washincton's Journal, London, 1754. Reprint New York, 1865. 1755. History of the Five Nations, Colden London. 1755. Carte des Possessions Angloises and Francoises du ('ontinent de L'Amerique Septentrionale; inserted in Sener Atlas 1721. Engraved by Thomas Kitchen. This and a similar map printed in Amsterdam, inserted in Mitchell's Atlas, 1755, are described in "A Concise Description of the English and French Possessions in« N. America &c. by J. Palareti London, 1755. 1755. A general map of the Middle British Colonies in America, by Louis Evans, ac- companied by an analysis of the map by Louis Evans, Philadelphia, 1755, 1 Vol.4 to. 1755. A map of the British and French Dominions in North America &c., Iw Jno Mitchell, D.F., with improvements. Printed for I Covens and C. Mortier, Amsterdam. 1 Vol. large folio. 1755. A map of the British Colonies in North America. Inscribed to the Earl of Halifax and the other Lords Commissionerb for Trade and Plantations, by Jno. Mitchell. Pub. Feb. 1755, for Jeffreys andFaden, Lon- don. Thomas Kitchen engraver. 1758. Map of Capt. Pouchot X. N. Y. Co- lonial Documents. 1701. Part of Nortji America in Journal of a Voyage to North A raerica by Charlevoix, London. 1763. Annual Register, London. 1763. Gentleman's Magazine.Vol. 33 p. 476. 1764. A map of the country on tho Ohio and Muskingum R vers by Tlios. Hutcliins Hist. Account of Bouquet's Expedition against the Ohio Indians, Phil. 1705 Reprint Cincinnati 1808. Also Parkman's Conspiracy of Pontiac, Boston 1868. Pioneer History by 8. O. Hildreth Clncinnatti 1848. 1708. Map corrected and improved from Evans' by Guy Johnson, VIII N.Y. Col. Doc- uments. Annexed to Report to Board of Trade. 1771. map of the country of the Six Na- tions proper, by Guy Johnson, IV Doc. Hist, of N. Y. 1774. Complete History of the Late War, Dublin. 1775. History of the American Indians, James Adair, London. 1770. k Topographical Description of such parts of North America as are contained in the annexed map (Lewis Evans) of the Mid- dle British Colonies ui North Am£rica,by T. Pownall, late Governor &c., London. 1777. A new map of the whole continent of America with the European Possessions as settled at the Treaty of Peace 1763; com- piled from Mr. Danville's maps, and correct- ed in the several parts belonging to Great Britain, from the original materials of Gov- ernor Pownall. M. P., with the text of the treaty, London. 1777. Atlas of Britisk Colonies in North America, by Wm. Faden, London, very large folio volume. 1778. A new map of North America. Travels through the interior parts of North America in the years 1706, 1767 and 1708, by J. Carver, London, 1781. 1778. The North American and West In- dian Gazetteer, 2d ed. London. 1778. A Topographical Description of Vir- gnia &c., comprehending the Rivers Ohio, Kenhawa, Scioto, &c. ; by Thomas Hutchins, London. No map. 1779. A new and correct map of North America, divided according to the last Treaty of Peace concluded at Paris, Feb. 10 1763; laid down accordiug to the latest surveys and corrected from the original materials of Gov- ernor Pownall. 1780. Impartial History of the War in A.merica, by J. Carver, London 1771. Re- print New York, 1838. 1786. North America with the West In- dies, by Saml. Dunn, Londou. New map of the United States of North America &o. by Saml. Dunn, improved from the surveys of Captain Carver, London. 1788. History of Independence of United States, Wm Gordon, D. D., London. I America by Charlevoix, gister, London. 'a Magazine,Vol. 33 p. 476. the country on tho Ohio I vers by Tlios. Hutcliins )f Bouquet's Expedition iidians, Phil. 1705 Reprint Iso Parkman's Conspiracy I 1868. Pioneer History by cinnatti 1848. icted and improved from mson.VIlI N.Y. Col. Doc- 1 to Report to Board of e country of the Six Na- ly Johnson, IV Doc. Hist. History of the Late War, f the American Indians, Ion. iphical Description of such nerica as are contained in Lewis Evans) of the Mid- '.^ in North Am£rica,by T. vernor &c., London. p of the whole continent the European Possessions reaty of Peace 1763; com- nville's maps, and correct- parts belonging to Great )riginai materials of Qov- P., with the text of the Jritish Colonies in North a. Faden, London, very map of North America. [le interior parts of North irs 1766, 1767 and 1768, by , 1781. 1 American and West In- ed. London. iphical Description of Vir- iljcnding the Rivers Ohio, &c. ; by Thomas Hutchins, ind correct map of North iccording to the last Treaty >d at Paris, Feb. 10 1763; ig to the latest surveys and ( original materials of Gov- History of the War in irver, London 1771. Re- 1838. nerica with the West In- nn, London. le United States of North iml. Dunn, improved from ptain Carver, London, f Independence of United }n, D. D., London. CATALOGUE OF MAPS. 26 1789. Travels tbrotlirh fte Interior Part of America, by an OfBcer. London. 1790. Manuscript man of the Battles fought nround the Forks of the Maumee River (now Fort Wayne Indiana) Oct. 1790, by Capt Jonathan Heart, 1st. Regt. U. S. Infantry. 1798. Topographical Description by Geo. Imlav, London. 1793. The American Universal Geography by Jcdidiah Morse, A. M., Boston. 1794. The Amtrican Atlas, or a Geograph- ical Description of the whole Continent of America, by the late Mr. Thomas Jeffreys, Geographer to the King, and others. Lon- don. 1794. History of the Missions of the United Brethren among the Indians in North Amer- ica, by Loskiel, London. 1795. The United States Gazeteer, by Jo- seph Scott, Phil. 1796. Manuscript map of the Coanecticut Western Reserve, made by Rev. John Heck- cwelder, Jan. 13. 1796. A new Universal Atlas, a complete collection of the most approved maps ex- tant, corrected and augmented from the last edition of Danville and Robert, by Major James Rennel and other eminent Geosra- phers; engraved by Thos. Kitchen, Senr and others. Thick folio. London. 1797. Manuscript map of Western Reserve, showing variation of compass, by Seth Pease. Manuscript taup of Western Reserve that part east of the Cuyahoga being laid down from actual survey, by Seth Pease. The same engraved. New Haven Ct. 1798. American Gazetteer, by Jedidiah Morse, D. D., 1797, Boston. 1798 London. 1800. Atlas, published by J. Stookdale, London. 1804. Map of the State of Ohio, by Rufus Putnam, Surveyor General of the United States in Journal of a Tour into the Terri- tory N. W. of the Alleghany mountains by T. M. Harris, Boston, 1805. 1806. A manuscript map of the Ct. Land Company's Land west of the Cuyahoga, no date, but supposed 1806. 1808. Map of the Ssate of Ohio taken from the returns in the office of the Treasu- rer General by John F. Mansfield, Oct. 7. Philadelphia. This is presumed to be ihe first engraved mao of Ohio after its oriraiiiziUioa asa State. 1808. Anenurravtd map of the Western Re- serve, by Seth Pease and Abraham Tappan. LATE MAPS DESIGNED TO 8UOW BABLT GEOO- RAPHY. Aboriginal America East of the Missis- sippi, Vol. 3, Bancroft's History of United States p. 240. Boston, 1846. 1655. Location of Indian Tribes around Lakes Ontario, Erie, and Georgian Bay. Jes- uits in North America, Francis Parkman. Boston, 1867k 1655. Map of the French, English, Dutch, Swedish, ahd Spanish Possessions or claims, Bancroft's History of the United States Vol. 2 p. 290, Bos -.on 1855. 1745. Map of the French, English, and Spanish Possessions in North America. Hist, of Discovery &c., of Mississippi, by John W. Monette M. D.,New York, 1846. 1703. Forts and Settlements in America. Conspiracy of Poniiac, by Francis Parkman. Boston, 18J8. 1750 to 1780. Historical Map of the State of Ohio, showing the location of Ancient Earth works, and the country occupied by the principal Indian Tribes between 1750 and 1780, with their principal trails and war paths, by Col. Charles Whittlesey, Cleve- land, 1872; published In Walling and Gray's New Topographical Atlas of Ohio,Philadel- phia, 1873, and reprinted and published with a Topograpical and Historical Sketcn, also by Col. Whittlesey, by O. W. Gray Phila- delphia, 1873. Historical and Chronological Map of the Territory of the United States, Northwest of the River Ohio, by John B. DiHon, and in his History of Indiana. Indianopolis, 1859. 2