BJ. FM 20-15 NBuU' THE l()r.I{Wnnn ~"r::MI')!"'Il\1._ UPRfiRY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL us J) /~/. ~0: ~0-J t7< POLE AND FRAME SUPPORTED TENTS HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY SEPTEMBER 1964 *FM 20-15 FIELD MANUAL I HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY No. 20-15 WASHINGTON, D.C., 11 September 1964 POLE AND FRAME SUPPORTED TENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Purpose and scope -----------------------------------------------------------· Basis for tent issue ----------------------------------------------------------· Recommended changes -------------------------------------------------------· 2. POLE SUPPORTED TENTS Section I. General purpose tents Tent, arctic, 10-man --------------------------------------------------- -----· Tent, assembly, M-1942 ------------------------------------------------------· Tent, command post, M-1945 -------------------------------------------------· Tent, general purpose, large --------------------------------------------------· Tent, general purpose, medium -----------------------------------------------· Tent, general purpose, small --------------------------------------------------· II. Special purpose tents Tent, hexagonal, lightweight, M-1950 -----------------------------------------· Tent, kitchen, fiyproof, M-1948 -----------------------------------------------· Tent, mountain, 2-man -------------------------------------------------------· CHAPTER 3. FRAME SUPPORTED TENTS Section 1.-General purpose tents Tent, frame-type, maintenance, medium light metal -----------------------------· Tent, frame-type, insulated, sectional ------------------------------------------· II. Special purpose tents Tent, maintenance, shelter ---------------------------------------------------· Tent, frame-type, little john conditioning system -------------------------------· Tent, frame-type, balloon inflation, M-1957 -------------------------------------· Tent, maintenance, missile test shop, hawk missile system -----------------------· Tent, pulse acquisition radar, front, hawk missile system ------------------------· Tent, pulse acquisition radar, aft, hawk missile system ---------------------------· Console tent, hawk missile system, range only radar, CW acquisition and CW illuminator. Tent, aviation maintenance, small CHAPTER 4. MARKERS AND SCREENS Large red cross marker ------------------------------------------------------· Small red cross marker ------------------------------------------------------· Screen, latrine --------------------------------------------------------------· 5. TENT SUPPORT Types of tent frames --------------------------------------------------------· Tentpoles -------------------------------------------------------- ---------· Tent lines ----------------------------------------------------------- ------· Anchoring systems Paragraph Page 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 9 6 17 7 25 8 31 9 39 10 44 11 48 12 55 13 61 14 78 15 86 16 90 17 100 18 107 19 109 20 112 21 114 22 118 23 127 24 127 25 128 26 133 27 133 28 133 29 134 *This manual supersedes FM 20-15, 9 January 1956, including C 1, 9 June 1958. AGO 5427A Paraeraph Page CHAPTER 6. SITE SELECTION Choosing tent site -----------------------------------------------------------· 30 137 Pitching tent in snow --------------------------------------------------------· 31 137 Trenching tent --------------------------------------------------------------· 32 138 7. HEATING AND VENTILATION Heating --------------------------------------------------------------------· 33 140 Ventilation _____________-------------·----------------__________------------· 34 140 8. CARE OF TENTAGE Section I. Protection of tents against damage 35 141 Protection against rain ------------------------------------------------------· 36 141 Protection against wind ------------------------------------------------------· 37 141 Protection against fire -------------------------------------------------------· 38 142 Protection against mildew --------------------------------------------------· 39 142 General --------------------------------------------------------------------- II. Protection of pins, poles, and lines against damage Pins -----------------------------------------------------------------------40 143 Poles ----------------------------------------------------------------------41 143 Lines ----------------------------------------------------------------------· 42 143 III. Protection of frames VVood Frames ---------------------------------------------------------------· 43 144 ~etal Frames ---------------------------------------------------------------· 44 144 APPENDIX. REFERENCES ___________________ ------------------____-·-------------------________ 145 AGO 6427A CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Purpose and Scope a. This manual provides general information and guidance on the care and handling of commonly used frame and pole supported tents issued by the Army. Detailed information on each tent may be found in applicable technical manuals. b. The manual serves as an aid for training personnel in the use of tents, selection and preparation of erection sites, assembly and disassembly of tents, and as a handy reference and guide in the field. 2. Basis for Tent Issue The basis for issue of pole or frame supported tents may be found in a. TA 20-Field Installations and Activities. Tentage authorized for posts, camps, and stations. b. TA 20-12-Quartermaster Equipment. Allowances for flags, tentage, sewing machines, and equipment for civilian guards. c. T A 21-Clothing and Equipment. Tentage authorized for individuals. d. Unit TOE. 3. Recommended Changes Users of this manual are encouraged to submit recommended changes or comments to improve the manual. Comments should be keyed to the specific page, paragraph, and line of the text to which the change is recommended. Reasons should be provided for each comment to insure understanding and complete evaluation. Comments should be forwarded direct to the Commandant, U.S. Army Quartermaster School, Fort Lee, Va. AGO 6427A CHAPTER 2 POLE SUPPORTED TENTS Section I. GENERAL PURPOSE TENTS 4. Tent, Arctic, 1O-Man (1) Tabulated data. a. Use. The tent, arctic, 10-man, FWWMR, OD, complete with pins and pole (fig. 1), is used to provide shelter for 10 men with equipment under arctic conditions. It also may be used as a command post tent or as a small storage tent. b. Description. The tent is a six-sided pyramidal tent supported by a telescopic center pole. Height: peak height, 8 feet 6 inches; eave height, 3 feet. Length : each side of tent is 8 feet 9 inches long. Width : the hexagonal floor of the tent is 17 feet 6 inches in diameter. Weight : tent and liner, 68 pounds ; pins and pole, 8 pounds. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ventilator Telescopic tentpole Stovepipe opening Tent line, eave Aluminum tent pin Tent line, corner 7 8 9 10 11 12 Tent line, corner eave Footstop Becket Wood toggle Chape snap D-ring 13 14 15 16 17 18 Toggle loop Tie tape Tent lug Tent line, door eave Snow cloth Tent slip Figure 1. Tent, arctic, 10-man . AGO 6427A Cube: tent and tent liner, 7.1 cubic feet; pins and pole, 0.2 cubic feet. Floorspace: 198.9 square feet. (2) Material. The tent is made of 8.5ounce olive-drab wind-resistant sateen cotton cloth. (3) Doors. The tent has two doors 5 feet high on opposite sides, permitting tents to be joined together with suitable access from one to the other. Door flaps may be securely closed either by slide fasteners or by loops over wood toggles. The doors are operated from both inside and outside. ( 4) Ventilation. The tent is ventilated by four built-in ventilators on opposite sides and near the peak of the tent. The ventilators have inside ducts, which may be closed by tie cords. The © ventilator hoods are of the fixed type, each hood being constructed with a stiffener inserted in the hem to keep it extended out from the ventilator opening. (5) Heating. The tent is heated by an M1950 Yukon stove. A stovepipe opening with a silicone rubber-molded ring is built in one side of the tent near the eave. When the stove is not in use, the stovepipe opening can be protected by a canvas flap. (6) Snow cloths. There is a snow cloth sewed to the bottom of each side of the tent. When the tent is pitched, the snow cloths are flat on the ground on the outside of the tent. Snow is deposited on the snow cloths for insulation purposes. ~-----11'6"-----..,:::;r------ LEGEND o 9'' ALUMINUM PIN © TELESCOPIC POLE F i gure 2 . Ground plan of t en t, ar ctic, 10-man. AGO 5427A (7) Screen doors. Screen doors are attached to the front and rear of the tent for protection against insects. (8) Sock lines. Four sock lines are provided for drying clothing and equipment. (9) Liner. A fire-resistant liner, made of 5.2-ounce permeable cotton sheeting, is provided to insulate the tent and to prevent frost from falling on the occupants. The liner is held in place by metal toggles. (10) Cover. The tent is provided with a cover for use when it is in storage or is being transported. The tent and liner, when folded fit into the cover. Aluminum tent pins are nested and the magnesium pole telescoped to its shortest length and placed in the pocket at one side of the cover. c. Ground Plan. Before pitching the tent, study the ground plan carefully (fig. 2). d. Pitching. The tent can be pitched by six men in approximately 27 minutes. (1) Preliminary procedures (1, fig. 3). (a) Spread tent on ground. Check to see if liner is in place; usually it is not in place in a new tent. If liner is not in place, spread it out beneath the tent. (b) Secure D-rings to snaps inside front and rear doors. (c) Close slide fasteners in front and rear doors. (d) Secure D-rings to snaps outside front and rear doors. (e) Drive six corner pins and four door pins, and attach footstops to pins. (2) Attaching corner eave lines and inserting tentpole (2, fig. 3). (a) Drive six pins about seven feet from corners of tent, and attach corner eave lines. Pins on opposite sides of tent should be in a straight line. (b) Open front door and push pole, extended to 8 feet 6 inches, under tent. (c) Insert spindle of pole through hole in peak of liner and through supporting ring in peak of the tent. (3) Raising tent (3, fig. 3). (a) With one man inside the tent, close inside and outside D-rings and snaps on doors; close slide fasteners. (b) Fasten loops to wood toggles on doors. (c) Lift tentpole, and line up door openings, stovepipe, and four vent openings of liner with openings in tent. (d) Insert D-rings of liner into snaps attached to tent. (e) Raise tentpole, placing butt of tentpole in center of tent area. (4) Atta.ching door eave lines, intermediate eave lines, and corne1· lines (4, fig. 3). (a) Stake the two door eave lines far enough to hold doors vertical. (b) Attach the four intermediate eave lines to pins. (c) Attach the six corner lines to pins 18 inches out from corner eave-line pins. (d) Adjust and tighten all lines. (5) Pr opping up door eave lines. Each of the two door eave lines can be propped up by placing the line over an improvised pole (tree branch or other object higher than the door entrance) at a distance of about 5 feet in front of the door and then staking the line out to a pin. This keeps the doors from sagging, makes the slide fastener work better, makes the tent easier to get into and out of, and gives the tent greater stability. (6) Fastening liner. (a) Insert metal toggles through grommets of liner. (b) Tie tapes around stovepipe opening in liner to corresponding tapes around stovepipe opening in tent to keep stovepipe opening in place. (c) Tie one end of the 18-foot 9-inch sock line to toggle in each corner of AGO 6427A 1. PRELIMINARY PROCEDURES 2. ATTACHING CORNER EAVE LINES AND INSERTING TENT POLE 3. RAISING TENT 4. ATTACHING DOOR EAVE LINES, INTERMEDIATE EAVE LINES, AND CORNER LINES 7 CORNER EAVE· UNE PIN / ~IMTERMEIMATE INTERMEDIATE EAVE 1.111 -CORNEl EAVE·LINE Ull Pill Figure 8. Steps in pitching tent, arctic, 10-man. AGO 5427A door, threading line through eye of toggles at eave line and tying to carrier toggles of the opposite door. Use same procedure for the 18-foot 9-inch sock line on opposite side of tent. (d) Thread the 40-foot 6-inch sock line through the next line of toggles, encircling the tent, and tie. (e) Secure the 38-foot 6-inch sock line in like manner in the next row of toggles. (7) Joining two tents together. When two tents are to be joined together, erect the first tent described above. Fasten lugs (4, fig. 3) at front or rear of tents together by inserting grommet lug of one tent between grommet lug and becket lug of other tent, and chain-lace beckets (4, fig. 3) on lug of one tent through grommets on each lug of both tents (fig. 4). Begin chainlacing at bottom (near the ground) of lugs and continue until bottom (near the ground) at the other end of the same lugs is reached, securing last becket with a knot. Then erect second tent in the same manner as first tent. e. Striking. (1) Remove door eave lines from pins. (2) Loosen footstops from pins and remove footstop pins. ( 3) Loosen all other lines and remove all other pins. ( 4) Remove tentpole, and telescope pole to its shortest length. ( 5) Remove liner only if repairs are needed. f. Folding. (1) Folding tent (fig. 5). (a) Engage snap into D-ring inside doors, and close door slide fasteners. (b) Spread tent on ground and locate stovepipe opening panel. Grasp corner eave line (to right of stovepipe opening) and pull out corner of panel. Then coil intermediate eave line neatly on extended panel (1). UNUSED BECKET$ 2nd Tent SIDE VIEW FROM .OUTSIDE I I I 2nd Tent 1st Tent I ... ,---1:=~~ \ ~~-- UNUSED :i r!S rl /__:/< II 0:-~-=:!:.::.: F'~BECKET1LUG : 11 OF 2nd TENT I II ~\ ,, / I \ l! ~BECKETLUG : "", " OF 1st TENT fRONT VIEW fROM INSIDE 1st TENT BECKET$ MAKING CHAIN 1st BECKET 2nd Teat SIDE VIEW fROM INSIDE Figure 4. Joining two tents together by chain-lacing beckets through grommets. AGO 5427A (c) Reaching to t he left, grasp corner eave line (to left of stovepipe opening) and pull second panel to the right, making an accordion fold (2). (d) Fold remaini ng panels in the same manner, having six folds in all. As each fold is completed, coil intermediate eave lines or door eave lines neatly between folds (3). (e) Coil on top of folded tent panels the six corner lines, the six corner eave lines that have been drawn to the right, and the last remaining intermediate eave line (4). (f) Grasp peak of tent and fold so that peak extends down tent deck approximately 4 feet. Fold snow cloth up over sidewalls of tent (5). (g) Fold tent approximately in half along its long dimension (6). (h) Fold edges of tent toward center so that no portion of liner is exposed. Place folded tent on cover, place folded screen doors on top of folded tent, and place nested pins and telescoped pole int o pocket of cover (7). (i) Close cover, securing it with straps and loops. Care should be taken that no portion of the tent is exposed and that the flaps are tucked neatly within the cover. (2) Folding liner. Ordinarily, the liner is not removed from the tent. When necessary, the liner may be folded separately in the same manner as the tent and placed inside the cover with the tent, screen doors, pins, and pole. 5. Tent, Assembly, M-1942 a. Use. The tent, assembly, M-1942, FWWMR, OD, complete with pins and poles (fig. 6), is used for church services in the field, for lectures, and for the showing of movies. It may also be used for storage, for quartering personnel, or for any other authorized purpose. It has a seating capacity of approximately 500 men. When used for quartering personnel, it has a capacity of approximately 80 men. AGO 5427A b. Description. The tent is a large general purpose tent, with a rectangular middle section and rounded hiproofed ends. The top is made in four sections which lace together: two middle sections and two rounded end sections. The sidewall is in four sections. There are three chains and supporting rings and three sets of block and tackle with lines. Since the tent is sectional in construction, it may be extended to any desired length by means of additional middle and wall sections. Two end sections can be joined and used with two wall sections to form a circular tent. (1) Tabulated data. Height: peak height, 18 feet; eave height, 8 feet. Length: 80 feet. Width: 40 feet. Weight: tent, 1,100 pounds; pins and poles, 655 pounds. Cube: 100 cubic feet. Floors pace: 2,856.6 square feet. (2) Material. The middle and end sections are made of 12.29-ounce duck, FWWMR. The wall sections are made of 9.85-ounce duck. (3) Door openings. The tent has four door openings, each of which is made by the overlapping of a panel and a half of sidewall where two sections of the sidewall meet. The sidewalls may be shifted so that the openings come anywhere as long as the same proportionate distance between the openings is maintained. ( 4) Ventilation. There are four built-in ventilators, one to each sidewall section. The tent can also be ventilated by rolling up the sidewalls and tying them with the attached tie tapes; or, if it is raining, by extending the sidewall and tying it to the lines running from the eaves. The doors can also be tied back and the openings used for ventilation. (5) Heating. Four M-1941 tent stoves or two external 250,000-B.t.u. tent heaters, are used to heat the tent. The built-in ventilators are used as stove 1. SPREADING TENT OUT TO FOLD 2. MAKING FIRST PANEL FOLD I ---~ PANEL 1 coom18 ----LI I I I 3. FOLDING REMAINING PANELS I -----·r---- 1 FOLD LINE 4. COILING LINES ON TOP OF FOLDED PANELS 5. FOLDING TENT TOP DOWN 4FEET ~ I' 6 CORNER SEAMS I I I ' 6CORNER LINES .1 I . 6CORNER LINES CDILED \ \ REMAINING INTERMEDIATE EAVE LINE 6 CORNER EAVECOILED WITH LINES COILED CORNER EAVE LINES SNOW CLOTHFOLD LINE 6. FOLDING TENT OVER 7. FOLDING TENT TOWARD CENTER AND PLACING IT ON COVER WITH LINER, SCREEN DOOR, PINS, AND POLE ·----, I \ I I FOLD FOLD I I LINE LINE I I I ,--j,_,_________. ' ' EDGES FOLDm TOWARD CENTER POCKET FOR PINS AND POLE \ \ I I I STRAPS I Figure 5. Steps in folding tent, arctic, 10-man. AGO 5427A 1 Center pole 2 Block and tackle 3 Ferrule (cap at top of pole ) 4 Tent chain and ring 5 End section 6 Middle section pipe openings when stoves are used. 7 Wall section 8 Door opening 9 Long guy line 10 36-inch wood tent pin 11 Eave line 12 Stovepipe opening Figure 6. T ent, assembly, M-1942. M-1941 tent (6) Covers. The tent is provided with six covers for use when in storage or when being transported. c. Ground Plan. Before pitching the tent, study the ground plan carefully (fig. 7). d. Pitching. The tent can be pitched by nine men in approximately 90 minutes. (1) Spotting center poles (1, fig. 8). Spot the three center poles according to ground plan and place a marker at each location. Drive marker in about 6 inches. (2) Laying out and driving pins (2, fig. 8). (a) Eave-line pins. Lay out and drive the 30 eave-line pins according to ground plan. Make sure that they are driven vertically and that the top of each pin is no more than 10 inches from the ground. The 27foot extension cloth lacing line can be used as an aid in laying out the eave-line pins of the end sections. 13 Extension cloth lacing line 14 Extension cloth 15 Eave pole 16 Long wall tie line (b) Guy-line pins. Lay out and drive guy-line pins according to ground plan. There are nine guy-line pins, three for each center pole. (3) Preparing center poles for erection (3, fig. 8 and fig. 9). (a) Place the three center poles on the ground on one side of tent area. The poles should be perpendicular to the eave-line pins, and the butt end of each pole should be at a pole marker. (b) Attach three main guy lines and one set of block and tackle to ferrule at top end of each pole. Lash drift line of block and tackle to pole, with single block 2 or 3 feet from butt end of pole. Place a bail ring assembly around butt end of each pole. (4) Erecting middle center pole (4, fig. 8) . One man stands at the butt end of the middle center pole, one man at the top end of the pole, and one man at the end of each of the three guy lines. One of these guy lines leads to the AGO 5427A 0 --0~ 0~ ~y\ I 27'&" ---~:r\-0 0 1\ &r II ' II \ H \ / ' 27' &" RADIUS I ' I \ ' I ~ ~,0> 0'( 0 r~r----=:::::: r ----~----+----~-------~--------------------~----~~ ra"+s·a1 t-----33'&"-----+----20''---f+--20''--~ 1+---------53'1"--------1 ~-------------tor------~---------~ LEGEND 0 CENTER POLE • GUHINE PIN = GUYLIIIES 0 ====== EAYE·UNE PIN Figure 7. Ground plan of tent, a ssembly, M-1942. outside pin on a line at right angles from the center point of the long dimensional line of the tent layout (fig. 7). This places the man holding the line directly in line with the man at the butt end of the pole. The man at the butt end of the pole keeps the pole in position with the marker by holding it with his foot. Be sure that the butt end of the pole is through the bail ring. The man at the top end raises the pole and walks towards the butt end. The man holding the center guy line assists by maintaining a taut line as the pole is raised. After the pole reaches such a height that it might swing off center, the men holding the other two guy lines spread out slowly to keep the pole balanced until it is in a perpendicular position. Then the guy lines are attached to the pins indicated on the ground plan. (5) Erecting the other two center poles (5, fig. 8). The other two center poles should be erected as described in ( 4) above, except that one guy line leads to the outside pin on the direct center line of the long dimension of the tent layout. After poles have been erected, straighten them, and remove marker stakes. Tighten all center pole guy lines. AGO 5427A (6) Spre ading canvas and lacing sections together and to bail 1-ings (6, fig. 8.). (a) Unfold the two middle sections and the two end sections. Spread sections on ground in position on tent area around the three center poles. (b) Join sedions from ridge to eave reinforcement line by chain-lacing beckets through grommets, securing the last becket through the last grommet with a knot (1, fig. 10). (c) Secure eave corners of sections together by lashing tieline through thimble on eave corner of one section and through thimble on eave corner of the other section (2, fig. 10). (d) Pull extension cloth over chain lacing, lace extension cloth lacing line diagonally through ring chapes, and tie end of line through eave corner thimbles (2, fig. 10). (e) Attach hooks on single blocks to small rings of bail ring assemblies off the ground about 1 foot (fig. 11). (f) Secure sections on tent together at neck by lashing tieline on each side of neck through thimble of one section and through thimble of the other section (fig. 11). (g) Fasten thimbles at necks of sections to bail rings by lacing neck lacing lines of two sections around bail ring and through thimbles (fig. 11). (h) Unlash drift lines and put ends of lines through bail ring assemblies close to poles (fig. 11). (7) Attaching eave lin es to pins and setting eav e poles in position (7, fig. 8) . (a) Attach, with two half hitches, all eave lines to pins approximately 2 feet in from t he end of each line. (b) Raise canvas at eave and slide butt end of eave poles toward a center pole. Insert spindle of eave poles through leather reinforcements at point where eave lines are attached to canvas. (8) Raising peaks 3 feet off ground and preparing to raise canvas top (8, fig. 8). (a) Going under canvas to center poles, raise peaks of tent about 3 feet off the ground by pulling drift lines. Lash drift lines to center poles, making sure that drift line of each block and tackle assembly is inside bail ring and next to center pole (fig. 11). (b) Set eave poles to form an angle of about 60° with the ground, with butt of each pole pointing toward, and in line with, butt of nearest center pole. (c) Fasten jumper line at eave of canvas to each eave pole with two half hitches. (d) Partly tighten all eave lines. (9) Raising peaks, securing canvas in position, straightening eave poles, and tightening lines (9, fig. 8). (a) Raise peaks with drift line of block and tackle to within 3 feet of top of each center pole. The three peaks of the tent should be raised at the same time. (b) Straighten all eave poles to a perpendicular position and tighten all lines as much as possible to eliminate wrinkles in tent roof. Lines are tightened or loosened by readjusting the two half hitches on each guy and eave line near the pin; there are no tent slips used with the assembly tent. (c) Secure drift lines firmly to center poles. (10) Attaching sidewalls (10, fig. 8). Attach sidewalls by hooking wall hooks on top of sidewalls through D-rings attached to top sections of tent. e. Striking. The tent can be struck by nine men in approximately 60 minutes. (1) Checking center pole guy lines. Check center pole guy lines, making sure that they are hooked in ferrule at top of center pole and are taut. AGO 5427A 13 1. SPOTTING CENTER POLES 2. LAYING OUT AND DRIVING PIHS GUY-LINE Pill\ CU'HINE PIN t-----------.J - / t!~~~~-----J..::..::..::._--.J\---;l------~ lWKERS FOR CENTER POW 3. PREPARING CENTER POLES FOR ERECTION 4. ERECTING MIDDLE CENTER POLE GUY LINES IIOTE: FOR D£TAILS, SEE FIC!,IR£ ! 5. ERECTING THE TWO OTHER CENTER POLES 6. SPREADING CANVAS AND LACING SECTIONS TOGETHER AND TO BAR. RINGS IAII. liNG POUS ERECTED UCINC - AND STIIAJCHTENED IlliTE: FOR OfTW, SEE AGURES 10 AND 11 7. AnACHING EAYELINES TO PINS AND SETTING EAVE POLES IN POSITION 8. RAISING PEAKS 3FEET Off GROUND AND PREPARING TO RAISE CANVAS TOP EAYEPOUS AT u· Alllil£ Figure 8. Steps in pitching tent, assembly, M-1942. 14 AGO 5427A iA1S1Mi PEAKS, SECURING CANVAS IN-POSITlON, STRAIGHTENING EAVE 10. ATTACHING SIDE WALLS PDLES, AND TIGHTENING ~ES PWS3n.FIOM TOP OF POli Figure 8-Continued. GUY LINES ~SINGLEBLOCK SMALL } HOOK Rill BAIL RJNG CHAIN ASSEMBLY BAIL liNG Figure 9. Preparing center pole for erecti on (tent, assembly , M-19*2). (2) Detaching sidew alls. Detach sidewalls weather is calm, untie eave pole by unhooking wall hooks from Djumper lines; do not untie jumper rings. lines in a high wind. (3) Adjusting eave poles. Slant butts of (4) Letting down peaks. Let peaks down eave poles towar d butts of center poles to ground level by releasing drift at a 60° angle with the ground. If lines, making sure that entire canvas AGO 6427A 1. CHAIN-IJCING BECKETS 2. DIAGONAL IJCING THROUGH RINGCHAPES End Section /~ , , 8 I I ,' ,' ® ,' ,' ® ~ /@ Middle Section ,,'' ® Figure 10. Steps in lacing top sections together (tent, assembly, M-194 2). SIDE VIEW TOP VIEW SINGLE BLOCK End Section Middle Section BAit AINC ASSEMBLY HOOKED 1FT. FROM GROUND DRIFTUNEEND Tl£ DOWN THROUGH BAIL RlNS ASSEMBLY CLOSE TO POLE I I I I I I I I (tent, assembly, M-1942) 16 AGO 5427A of each cover over folded sections andarea is in such a position that when tie through the grommets the twosections are unlaced there will be little cover tielines provided. difficulty in folding them. (5) Removing eave poles. Remove all eave poles. 6. Tent, Command Post, M-1945 (6) Removing pins. Remove all eave line a. Use. The tent, command post, M-1945, pins. FWWMR, OD, complete with pins and poles (7) Unlacing sections. Unlace sections of (fig. 13), is used in theaters of operations to tent, remove from beneath center provide office space for staff sections, accommopoles, and separate for folding into dating three men and the necessary folding separate bundles. tables and office equipment. It may also be used for the quartering of three officers or as (8) Striking center poles. Strike center a battalion aid station, the blackout vestibulepoles. To strike a center pole, two being long enough to accommodate a litter an:dmen stand at butt end of pole and one man at end of each guy line. Untie bearers. guy lines from pins. The men holding b. Description. The central part of the tentthe ends of the guy lines then walk is A-shaped. The ends are hip-roofed with conslowly toward the center of the tent verging sidewalls. area, keeping the lines taut to prevent the pole from swaying. One of the (1) Tabulated data. Height: peak height, 9 feet; sidewall men at the butt end of the pole walks height, 5 feet 6 inches. slowly forward with the pole, easing Length : 20 feet 7 inches. it gradually to the ground, while the Width: 10 feet. other man at the butt end of the pole Weight: tent, 165 pounds; pins andsteadies it. poles, 92 pounds. f. Folding. The tent can be folded and placed Cube: tent, 6.3 cubic feet; pins and into six covers by nine men in approximately poles, 3.6-cubic feet. 20 minutes. Floorspace: 172 square feet, of which (1) Folding middle sections (1, fig. 12). 48 square feet is vestibule space. Fold each of the two middle sections (2) Material. The tent is made of 12.29in half along the long dimensions and ounce duck, FWWMR. The canvas is then in half again. Then, in 21f2-foot supported on a webbing framework, folds, fold ends toward center. which carries the weight of the can (2) Folding end sections (2, fig. 12). Fold vas. Fair-leads carry the stress beeach of the two end sections in half tween webbing and eave lines and elialong the long dimensions and then in minate friction between eave and eave half again. Then, in 21!2-foot folds, lines. The tent walls, tent top, and fold ends toward center. sod cloth are constructed of one piece. (3) Door. The tent has a door entrance at (3) Folding wall sections (3, fig. 12). Fold each of the four wall sections in the front, 6 feet high and 4 feet wide. half along the long dimension. Then, (4) Blackout curtain. A nondetachable in 21!2-foot folds, fold ends toward blackout curtain, with a slide fastener center. opening (5, fig. 15), is sewed into the (4) Putting folded sections into six separbody of the tent. The curtain separate covers (4, fig. 12). Put folded secates the vestibule from the main part tions into six separate covers. Place of the tent. When the tent is used for each middle and end section in a a first-aid station, the vestibule space between the door and the blackout separate cover; place two wall sec tions in a separate cover. Fold flaps curtain is large enough to allow AGO 5427A 17 1. FOLDING MIDDLE SECTIONS (2) r--.,._, I I I END FOLDm r• •.,-TOWARD COOER I • I I sI I I I II I""""\ ----CENTER [b II I I II END FOLDm I I I -TOWARD CEHTEI l-_ _I I I I ,_ --J FOLD LINE FOLD1LINE 2. 'FOLDING END SECTIONS (2) END FOLDm r---, I TOWARD CENT£i I I I I I s .---, CENTER [b I I I I ·----~ 3. FOLDING WALL SECTIONS (4) 4. PUTTING FOLDED SECTIONS INTO 6SEPARATECOVERS f------------------um-nm--------+: LIIIC DIS FOLDm OYER ~11ST CEHT£R []~ 1 ___,?§l~J 1....----EHOSFOLDED TOWARD CENTER --------------~------------ ;_------------~~---------_j END SECTION MIDDLE MIIIIILEr--Q SECTION SECTIOII L_~ ~~ 2WALL SECTIONS 2WALL SECTIONS Figure 12. Steps in folding tent, assembly, M-1942. AGO 5427A Eave pole 6 Window, w/ o screening 11 Tent slip 8 24-inch wood tent pin9 16-inch wood tent pin 10 Footstop Figure 13. Tent, co-mmand post, M-1945. pipe opening built in the top of the stretcher bearers passage without tent near the rear center upright pole. emitting light. When not in use, the opening can be (5) Windows. The tent has three 24-inch protected by a canvas flap. square window sashes, made of flex (8) Liner. A liner is provided with the ible translucent material. The sashes tent. The liner can be attached to the are inserted in window openings and held in place by snap fasteners. Cantent to insulate it against heat or cold. The liner, when attached, covers only vas flaps cover the window during the main part of the tent; it does not blackouts. cover the vestibule. (6) Ventilation. The tent is ventilated by (9) Cover. The tent is provided with a an opening near the top of the rear cover for use when it is in storage or end section. The ventilator has an in side duct, which may be closed by a is being transported. tie cord. The ventilator hood is of c. Ground Plan. Before pitching the tent, the fixed type, constructed with a stiff study the ground plan carefully (fig. 14). ener inserted in the hem to keep it extended out from the ventilator open d. Pitching. The tent can be pitched by five ing. For additional ventilation, the men in approximately 20 minutes. sidewalls can be rolled up and the sidewall screens attached. (1) Pitching tent. (a) Spread tent on ground with eave (7) Heating. The tent is heated by an corners matching bottom corners. M-1941 tent stove. There is a stove 19 AGO 5427A ~---------------2rr------------------~ t-----6'10"---l-----10'----1- --... r - .,.....-...... 1rt LEGEND • UPRIGHT POLES (91 e UPRIGHT POLES (5' 8'1 e PINS (24") a PINS (16'1 Figure 14. Ground plan of tent, command post, M-1945. (b) Drive a 16-inch pin at each of the other 9-foot pole through hole ineight tent corners. Attach a foot metal plate and grommet in otherstop to each of the four corner pins end of ridge (4, fig. 15) .at front and rear of tent. At each of (g) Secure jumper lines to center polesthe four side corners, attach two and to eave poles with two halffootstops to one pin (1, fig. 15). hitches (5, fig. 15). (c) Drive the twelve 24-inch pins ac(h) Reattach the 12 corner footstops tocording to ground plan. the 8 corner 16-inch pins. Drive the(d) Attach guy lines loosely to long pins remaining twelve 16-inch pins and(2, fig. 15). attach footstops to them. (e) Remove corner footstops from 16 (i) Tighten all guy lines.inch pins, insert eave poles througheave grommets, and tighten guy (2) Attaching liner to tent. lines until poles are vertical (3, fig. (a) Unroll liner so that stovepipe and15). window openings match those of (f) Raise tent ridge by inserting spindle tent (1, fig. 16).of a 9-foot pole through hole in (b) Raise butt end of rear center polemetal plate and grommet at ridge and place it through hole in liner; at front of tent, and spindle of the run liner hoisting lines up poles 20 AGO 5427A 1. SPREADING TENT ON GROUND,AND ATTACHING CORNER FOOTSTOPS TO PINS 1 DRIVING PINS AND ATTACHING GUY LINES 3. REMOVING CORNER FOOTSTOPS, INSERTING EAVE POLES THROUGH GROMMETS,AND TIGHTENING GUY LINES CUT / 00 4. RAISING TENT RIDGE BY INSERTING CENTER POLES 5. SECURING JUMPER LINES TO CENTER POLES AND TO EAVE POLES, ATTACHING FOOTSTOPS TO SHORT PINS, AND TIGHTENING GUY LINES Figure 15. Steps in pitching tent, command post, M-1945. 21 AGO 5427A -------------------------------------------------------~ 1. UNROLLING LINER WITH STOVEPIPE AND WINDOW OPENINGS 2. PLACING REAR CENTER POLE THROUGH HOLE IN LINER AND RUNNINGMATCHING THOSE OF TENT HOISTING LINES THROUGH BULl:S-EYES AT TENT RIDGE FROliT DOOR ' ' -, ----.. -------:::~--... 3. HOISTING LINER UP TO TOP OF TENT AND SECURING HOISTING LINES 4. FASTENING LINER TO EAVE CORNERS OF TENT TO CENTER POLES fAYE CORNEl '· -------------'.:::::--------- 5. SECURING STOVEPIPE OPENING OF LINER TO STOVEPIPE OPENING OF TENT AND fASTENING LINER TO SIDES OF TOO AT EAVE TIE TAPES AROUND SLIDE STOVEPIPE OPENINGIN LINER TIEO TOCORRESPONDING TIETAm OF TOO POSITION --+-i-...__~!:--'II-4!"~FE OF LINEI WHEN TIE TAPES OF ATTACHEO LINERTIEOmCORRESPONOINCTIE TAPES OfTOO Figure 16. Steps in attaching liner to tent, command post, M-1945. through bull's-eyes at tent ridge (2, (d) Fasten liner to eave corners of tentfig. 16) . by tying tie tapes of liner to tri (c) Hoist liner up to top of tent and angular hooks of tent (4, fig. 16).secure lines to center poles (3, fig. (e) Tie tie tapes at stovepipe opening of16). liner to corresponding tie tapes at 22 AGO 5427A stovepipe opening of tent. Tie tie tapes at sides of liner at eave to corresponding tie tapes at sides of tent at eave (5, fig. 16). (3) Attaching screens to sidewalls (fig. 17). Remove footstops from sidewalls, open slide fasteners at corners, and roll up sidewalls and liner of tent and tie them with tie tapes near eave reinforcement. Then place a screen between lugs at each side of tent, alining grommets on screen with grommets on lugs. Run the 13-foot rope, attached to a top corner of screen, through alined grommets of screen and lugs at the top, securing with a knot at the last set of alined grommets. In the same manner, run the 8-foot rope, attached to each side of screen, downward through alined grommets of screen and lugs, securing with a knot at the last set of alined grommets. Fold screens at bottom so sod cloths are on ground inside tent. Fasten footstops that were removed from sidewalls to grommets at bottoms of screens, and attach footstops to the 16-inch pins. e. Striking. (1) Remove screens, and lower sidewalls of tent. (2) Loosen liner hoisting lines, and untie tapes fastening liner to tent. (3) Remove liner. (4) Remove all footstops from 16-inch pins. ( 5) Loosen all guy lines and remove center poles. (6) Remove all 5-foot 8-inch eave poles. (7) Remove all guy lines from 24-inch pins. ( 8) Remove all pins. f. Folding (fig. 18). (1) Fold tent at ridge, with tent laid out flat one side on top of the other, sod cloth and vestibule door flaps extended, and blackout curtain folded neatly one half on top of the other half (1). (2) Fold door flaps over on top of vestibule, then fold rear of tent over body SOD CLOTH Figure 17. Attaching screens to sidewalls of tent, command post, M-19/,.5. AGO 5427A 23 1. FOLDING TENT AT RIDGE, WITH SIDES TOGETHER FLAT 2. FOLDING OYER DOOR FLAPS AND REAR OF TENT FOLD UN£ FOLDUIE IW END I' II I [ __ --·--.I;L_ __,J_ __;~==--~-------__,,'' 3. FOLDING VESTIBULE OYER 4. FOLDING RIDGE AND SOD CLOTH ENDS OF TENT TO EAVE LINE FOLD LIN£ r------------, ' I I oI lr---+--.....I-FOLD UIE :o------+---4-FOLDUN£' I ' I I '----------'-====-~o..;::;:....._ SOl '------------· CLOTI 5. FOLDING DECK AT EAVE UNE OYER SIDE WALL 6. PLACING LINER ON TOP OF FOLDED TENT ,-------------, '' j ' I FOLD Ull ~ r 7. FOLDING ENDS TOWARD CENTER 8. FOLDING ENDS TOGETHER S. PLACING FOLDED TENT, LINER, AND SCREENS IN COYER ctTt:J ~:J FOLD FlU FOLD UIE Ull UIE Figure 18. Steps in folding tent, command post, M-19*5. of tent, the fold line extending from (3) Fold vestibule over body of tent, therear ridge plate down along rear body fold line extending from front ridgeslide fasteners (2). Fold guy lines inplate down along front body slideside folded tent. fasteners (3). 24 AGO 5427A 10 End wall 18 Footstop1 Stovepipe opening 11 Ridge guy line 19 Footstop pin2 Side roof 20 Window blackout flap3 Center pole 12 Door eave guy line 4 End roof 13 Care and maintenance instructions 21 Side eave guy line 22 Windowpane 5 Ventilator flap 6 Ventilator flap line 14 Erection instructions flap 23 Tie tape 15 Slide fastener 24 Sidewall 7 Door pole 8 Door curtain 16 Corner eave guy line 25 Window screen 9 Eave pole 17 Guy line pin 26 Tent slip Figure 19. Tent, general purpose, large. (4) Fold both the ridge end of tent and the sod cloth end of tent to the eave line (4). ( 5) Fold deck of tent to eave line over sidewall. Place exposed guy lines on -folded tent ( 5) . ( 6) Place liner, folded in the same way as the tent, on top of tent (6). (7) Fold ends of folded tent and liner toward center (7). (8) Fold the two ends together (8). ( 9) Place folded tent and liner in cover; place screens, each folded in fourths, on top of folded tent and liner; close cover, and tie with the two tielines (9). 7. Tent, General Purpose, Large a. Use. The tent, general purpose, large, FWWMR, OD, complete with pins and poles (fig. 19), is designed to be used as a hospital ward, surgical operating room, command post, fire direction center, or messhall. It can also be used for quartering troops, as an assembly tent, for a storage area, or to house components of a field bakery. The tent is intended to be used in temperate and tropical climates; however, with the liner, it can be used effectively in cold climates. b. Description. The tent is a rectangular, hip-roofed, pole-supported tent consisting of eave poles, door poles, center upright poles, tent, and tent liner. (1) Tabulated data. Height: 12 feet 3 inches at the offset ridge; eave height, 5 feet 6 inches. Length: 52 feet. Width: 18 feet. Weight: tent, 420 pounds; liner, 155 pounds; pins and poles, 245 pounds. Cube: 69 cubic feet. Floors pace: 936 square feet. (2) Material. The roof, sidewalls, and end walls are made of 12.29-ounce cotton duck, FWWMR. The whole tent is made in one piece. The canvas is suspended on a webbing framework, which carries the stress and supports the canvas. The walls are split at the four corners and can be fastened together with a slide fastener at each corner. AGO 5427A (3) Doors. The tent has two door enblackout flaps and the windowpanes trances, one at each end. Each door and tying them with tie tapes. entrance is 6 feet high and 4 feet (d) The door curtains can be opened forwide. more ventilation. (a) Door curtains. Two curtains, at(e) Additional ventilation can be obtached to each end near the door tained by rolling up the sides of theentrances, slide along a double wire tent to the eaves and tying them cable at the eave to open or shut the with tie tapes.door entrances. (6) Heating. The tent is heated by three (b) Door screens. A screen is attached M-1941 tent stoves. There are threeon the inside to each side of each stovepipe openings built in the top ofdoor entrance. When in use, the the tent. Each opening is protected bydoor screens are pulled across the canvas flaps. door entrances and secured in placeby tying tie tapes at the top of the (7) Cover. The tent is provided with a screens to metal rings at the eave cover for use when it is in storage or above the door entrances. When is being transported. not in use, the door screens are (8) Liner. A liner is available as a separrolled to the side inside the tent and ate item of issue. It provides insulasecured by tying the screens with tion from the cold in winter and re-·the tie tapes at one side of the duces radiation from the sun in sumdoor. mer. The liner has 5.2-ounce cotton (4) Windows. There are four window ascloth sidewalls below the eaves and, insemblies on each side of the tent beaddition, has screening sidewallslow the eave. Each window assembly made of plastic. The fabric sidewallsconsists of a plastic window screen, can be rolled up to the eaves and sea vinyl plastic windowpane, and a cured by tie tapes and thus permit thecanvas blackout flap. The window use of the screening alone. The screenscreen is attached to the sidewall. The ing provides protection from insectswindowpane is attached at the top to and permits the liner to be used inthe sidewall and is secured at the bothot as well as cold weather. Theretom and the two sides by a slide are two built-in ventilator screens corfastener. The slide fastener can be responding in location to the two venunfastened and the windowpane rolled tilators in the tent. There are fourup and tied at the top with tie tapes. vinyl plastic windows on each fabricA blackout flap is attached at the top sidewall corresponding in location toto the sidewall. When the flap is in the windows in the tent. There areuse, it is secured by tying tie tapes at three stovepipe openings in the linerthe two sides and at the bottom; when corresponding in location to the stovenot in use, it is rolled up and tied at pipe openings in the tent. the top with the tapes. c. Ground Plan. Before pitching the tent, (5) Ventilation. study the ground plan carefully (fig. 20). (a) The tent is ventilated by two ventilators, one at the top of each end d. Pitching. Six men can pitch the tent insection near the ridge. The openapproximately 11,4 hours. ings are protected by canvas flaps. (1) Securing tent to ground in prepara (b) When stoves are not being used, tion for raising tent walls (1, fig. 21).the stovepipe openings can also be (a) Remove tent from cover, and place used as ventilators. in position on ground so that cor (c) Additional ventilation can be obners are square.tained by rolling up the window (b) C:lose slide fasteners at tent corners. 26 AGO 5427A LEGEND ~ UPRIGHT POLE (12' 3'1 • PIN (24") 0 UPRIGHT POLE (6' 2") 0 PIN(16") ~ UPRIGHT PD.LE (5'8") Figure 20. Ground plan of tent, general purpose, large. (c) Drive a 16-inch wood pin, or in cold climate a 9-inch aluminum pin, at each corner, and attach end wall and sidewall corner footstops to pins. (d) Drive the 24-inch wood pins, or in cold climate the 12-inch steel pins, according to gr ound plan, using 5 foot 8-inch poles to measure distance from tent. (e) Attach side, corner, and door eave lines to pins. (2) Raising tent sidewalls (2, fig. 21). (a) Insert spindles of 5-foot 8-inch poles through handworked rings at sides and corners of tent. (b) Insert spindles of 6-foot 2-inch poles through handworked rings at front and rear doors. (c) Raise tent walls by raising side, corner, and door eave poles to an upright position. (d) Tighten eave lines just enough to hold poles up. (3) Preparing to raise tent roof (3, fig. 21). (a) Assemble center upright poles, and insert spindles of poles through ridge plates and handworked rings in ridge of tent. (b) Attach guy lines to spindles of cen ter upright poles at each end of tent. (4) Raising tent roof (4, fig. 21). (a) Raise the four center upright poles to a vertical position. (b) Attach all guy lines to pins and tighten. (c) Drive remaining 16-inch wood pins, or in cold climate the 9-inch aluminum pins, and attach footstops to pins. (d) Tie jumper lines to side and corner eave poles, door poles, and center upright poles. (e) Adjust ventilator flap lines and tie them to spindles of corner eave poles. AGO 5427A 27 (f) Straighten all poles, and tighten all (b) Unfold tent liner inside tent on one lines until tent is smooth. side of center poles so that stovepipe openings of tent liner are on (g) Tie tie tapes at inside corners of tent around corner eave poles. the same side of tent as stovepipe openings of tent (2). (5) Attaching liner to tent (fig. 22). (c) Lift each center upright pole, pull (a) Loosen slightly all guy lines by adliner under pole, and slip liner polejusting tent slips (1). sleeve over pole ( 3) . 1. PREPARING TO RAISE TfNT WAllS SLIDE FASTENER 6'2" IXXlR POLE ~~?t= (24" PIN) I 5'8" EAVE POLE SlOE EAVE LINE CORNER EAVE LINES IXXlR EAVE LINE 2. RAISING TENT SlOE WAllS 3. PREPARIIIG TO RAISE TENT ROOF SPI~DLE THROUGH RING 6'2" IXXlR POLE HAND WORKED RING 5'8" EAVE POLE GUY LINES OVER SPINDLE 4. RAISING TENT ROOF CENTER POLES VERTICAL VENTILATOR FLAP LINE GUY LINES ATTACHED TO PINS Figu'T'e 21. Steps in pitching tent, gene'T'al purpose, la'T'ge. 28 AGO 5427A (d) Tie ridge suspension lines at liner (g) Wrap liner pole sleeves around cenpole openings to tent ridge plates ter upright poles and tie with tie above center upright poles, and then tapes (6). tie liner suspension lines at ridge (h) Secure footstops in liner sidewall of liner to D-rings located along screen to tent footstop pins (6). tent ridge (4). (i) Tighten all tent guy lines. (e) Secure liner to tent doors, corners, e. Striking. Six men can strike the tent inand sidewall eaves by passing eave approximately 50 minutes. suspension lines on liner through hardware eye o~ inside of tent; and (1) Removing liner. then run suspension lines through (a) Remove tent and tent liner footstops grommets in liner and secure to from 16-inch wood or 9-inch alumi D-rings on liner (5). num pins. (f) Tie tie tapes at sides of liner door (b) Untie tie tapes at liner corners. Unopenings to door eave poles. tie tie tapes from door eave poles. 2. UNROLLING LINER INSIDE TENTl. LOOSENING TENT LINES RIDGE GUY LINE 3. PLACING LINER AROUND CENTER POLES AND SPREADING LINER 4. FASTENING LINER TO TENT RIDGE RIDGE SUSPENSION LINES CENTER POLES THROUGH POLE SLEEVES IN LINER 5. 6. SECURING LINER TO TENT CENTER POLES AND FOOTSTOP PINS TIE TAPES ON SLEEVEAROUND CENTER POLES 4A·3H1 SUSPENSION LINE TENT FOOTSTOPS REPLACED OV~R PINS Figure 22. S teps in attaching liner to tent, gene1'al pm-pose, la1·ge. AGO 5427A 29 Untie tie tapes of pole sleeves from of the tent. Remove all unused guyaround center upright poles. line pins. (c) Untie and remove eave suspension {f) Remove door eave poles and all lines from liner D-rings and gromother eave poles except those at cormets and tent hardware eye. ners. (d) Untie ridge suspension lines from (g) Remove ridge guy lines from tenttent ridge plates and D-rings, and pins, and lower center upright polesallow liner to drop to the ground. gently to the ground. Remove all (e ) Loosen all guy lines. Lift center unused tent pins. upright poles slightly and remove liner from the poles. (h) Unfasten the eight corner eave guy lines from guy-line pins, remove (2) Striking tent. corner eave poles, remove corner (a) Untie corner lug tie tapes and unfootstops from footstop pins, andwrap lugs from corner eave poles. (b) Close all window asRemblies. Close remove remaining tent pins. doors and fasten wooden toggles to f. Folding. toggle chapes. (1) Folding liner (fig. 23). (c) Untie jumper lines from center up right poles and from eave and door (a) Lay liner out as fiat as possible with poles. eave suspension lines rolled and (d) Remove all footstop pins except placed on top of liner. Fold side and those at each corner of the tent. end walls and sidewall screens un (e) Remove all eave guy lines from guyder liner; fold triangular ends of line pins except those at the corners end walls over liner roof ( 1) . CD l-6'-1 6' +IT[JI 6' I I • I .. I j_L ~\-_: I I I 6' I I I I ____l I _o_ SIDE WALL 0 3 1/2' 31/2' ~3' ~ ~~~-:l:-:_6·~~-6·_:-:-l-6· -1:-_6'~:-~· -=-l-:-~-:-f:-l:.L :--·oT : : : : I : 1 I !.___ ..!... I I I 1 I 1 I I I I 1 I o1 1 I I I I I L_l __ .!. 1 I I I I I I ~ ~~~ ~I ~~I I ..,...., I I I I 1 ,_, .· I LIN~E<" ;_:, COVER I I I I I I I I I ' ·. ~ _I___ 1_ __ j _ _ _ ___I___ J _____ J 4A-37-64 Pigure 2S. Steps in folding liner of tent, general purpose, large. 30 AGO 5427A (b) Fold ends of liner toward center, first making a 31/2-foot fold and succeeding folds of 6 feet each. Fold one end of folded liner over the other (2). Make sure that folds do not come at windows. Dimensions of folded liner at this point are approximately 6 by 18 feet. (c) Fold one end of liner toward the center and over the other end so that dimensions of folded liner are approximately 6 by 6 feet (3). Make sure that folds do not come at the windows. (d) Fold liner in half twice so that dimensions of folded liner are approximately 3 by 3 feet; place folded liner in center of liner cover, fold all cover ends or flaps neatly within package, and close cover securely (4). (2) Folding tent (fig. 24). (a) Open corner slide fasteners, close tent doors, close and secure stovepipe openings, and close and secure window assemblies. (b) Spread tent out flat, outside up, and coil guy lines and place them on tent roof. (c) Fold end and sidewalls, along eave line, on tent roof ( 1). (d) Fold ends of tent toward center, first making a 31/2-foot fold and succeeding folds of 6 feet each. Fold one end of tent over the other (2). Care should be taken that folds do not come at windows. (e) Fold tent in half across the length; fold tent again in half; place folded tent in center of cover (2). Close cover securely. 8. Tent, General Purpose, Medium a. Use. The tent, general purpose, medium, FWWMR, OD, complete with pins and poles (fig. 25), is designed to be used primarily for the quartering of troops. It can also be used as a command post, a fire support control center, or a messhall; and it can be used for artillery operations, storage, housing components of a field hospital, or for housing components of a field bakery. The tent is intended to be used in temperate and tropical climates; however, with the liner, it can be used effectively in cold climates. ' b. Description. The tent is a rectangular, hip-roofed, pole-supported tent consisting of eave poles, door poles, center upright poles, ridge pole, tent, and tent liner. (1) Tabulated data. Height: ridge height, 10 feet; eave height, 5 feet 6 inches. Length: 32 feet 8 inches. Width: 16 feet. Weight: tent, 334 pounds; liner, 100 pounds; pins and poles, 200 pounds. Cube: 33 cubic feet. Floorspace: 512 square feet. (2) Material. The roof, sidewalls, and end walls are made of 12.29-ounce duck, FWWMR. The whole tent is made in one piece. The canvas is suspended on a webbing framework which carries the stress and supports the canvas. The walls are split at the four corners and can be fastened together with a slide fastener at each corner. (3) Doors. The tent has two door entrances, one at each end. Each door entrance is 6 feet high and 4 feet wide. (a) Door curtains. Two curtains, attached to each end near the door entrances, slide along a double wire cable at the eave to open or shut the door entrances. (b) Door screens. A screen is attached on the inside to each side of each door entrance. When in use, the door screens are pulled across the door entrances and secured in place by tying tie tapes at the top of the screens to metal rings at the eave above the door entrances. When not in use, the door screens are rolled to the side inside the tent and secured by tying tie tapes along the sides of the screens. (4) Ventilation. (a) The tent is ventilated by two ventilators, one at the top of each end AGO 5427A 1-----------52' ------------1 .-------------------------------, : : END WALL I I / :----· ,__L_n EAVE I I 18' l_--, '____il I I 1 I L-----~---------------------------J SIDE WALL EAVE CD l--6'--t T 4 1/2' j_'------6------...J I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I L-----..J I I I I L I I I ___J L--- CD I I Figure 24. Steps in folding tent, general purpose, large. section near the ridge. The openings are protected by canvas flaps. (b) When stoves are not being used, the stovepipe openings can also be used as ventilators. (c) The door curtains can be opened for more ventilation. (d) Still more ventilation can be obtained by rolling up the sides of the tent to the eaves and tying them with tie tapes. (5) Heating. The tent is heated by two M-1941 tent stoves. There are two stovepipe openings built in near the 32 AGO 6427A 1 Stovepipe opening 2 Ridge pole 3 Side roof 4 Center pole 5 End roof 6 Ventilator 7 Ventilator flap line 8 Door pole 9 Door curtain 10 Eave pole 11 End wall 12 Ridge guy line 13 Door eave line 14 Care and maintenance instructions flap 15 Erection instructions flap 16 Slide fastener 17 Corner eave line 18 24-inch wood tent pin, or 12-inch steel tent pin 19 Footstop 20 16-inch wood tent pin, or 9-inch aluminum tent pin 21 Side eave line 22 Tie tape 23 Sidewall 24 Tent siip Figure 25. Tent, general purpose, medium. two large upright poles of the tent. The openings are protected by canvas flaps. (6) Cover. The tent is provided with a cover for use when it is in storage or is being transported. (7) Liner. A liner with cover is available as a separate item of issue. It provides insulation from the cold in winter and reduces radiation from the sun in summer. The liner can be attached to the inside of the tent. The liner has both fabric and screening sidewalls below the eaves. The fabric sidewalls are made of 5.2-ounce cotton cloth. The screening sidewalls are made of plastic. The fabric sidewalls can be rolled up to the eaves and secured by tie tapes and thus permit the use of the screening alone. The screening provides protection from in- AGO 5427A sects and permits the liner to be used in hot as well as cold weather. There are two built-in ventilator screens corresponding in location to the two ventilators in the tent. There are two stovepipe openings in the liner corresponding in location to the stovepipe openings in the tent. c. Ground Plan. Before pitching the tent, study the ground plan carefully (fig. 26). d. Pitching. Four men can pitch the tent in approximately 40 minutes. (1) Securing tent to ground in prepar~ tion for raising tent walls (1, fig; 27). (a) Remove tent from cover, and place it in position on the ground so that corners are square. (b) Close slide fasteners at tent corners. (c) Drive a 16-inch wood pin, or in cold climate a 9-inch aluminum pin, at r-----------33'----------+j t--------11'---t:l 5'-'1-- ---!·---8'---+--fl"---+-t-5' RIDGE POLE (17'1 4' 1&' 5'1" LEGEND ~ UPRIGHT POLE (1 0'3'') • PIN !24"1 0 UPRIGHT POLE (6' 2") D PIN (16") IS UPRIGHT POLE (5'8") Figure 26. Ground plan of tent, genertrl purpose, medium. each corner, and attach end wall and sidewall corner footstops to pins. (d) Drive the 24-inch wood pins, or in cold climate the 12-inch steel pins, according to the ground plan, using the 5-foot 8-inch poles to measure distance from the tent. (e) Attach side, corner, and door eave lines to pins. (2) Raising tent sidewalls (2, fig. 27). (a) Insert spindles of 5-foot 8-inch poles through handworked rings at sides and corners of tent. (b) Insert spindles of 6-foot 2-inch poles through handworked rings at front and rear doors. (c) Raise tent walls by raising side, corner, and door eave poles to an upright position. (d) Tighten eave lines just enough to hold poles up. (3) Preparing to raise tent roof (3, fig. 27). (a) Assemble center upright poles and ridge pole. (b) Slide ridge pole through tent door and position it under tent ridge. (c) Insert spindles of center upright poles through holes in ridge pole, through tent ridge plates, and through handworked rings in tent ridge. (d) Attach guy lines to spindles of center upright poles at each end of the tent. ( 4) Raising tent roof (4, fig. 27). (a) Raise the two center upright poles to a vertical position. AGO 6427A 1 PREPARING TO RAISE TENT WALLS 2. RAISING TENT SIDE WALLS 6'2" 11001! POCE 3. PREPARING TO RAISETENT ROOF 4. RAISING TENT ROOF RIDGE POCE CONNECTED SPINDLE THROOGH RING TO CENTER POCES CENT ER POCES VERTICAl GUY LINES OVER SPINDLES All POCES STRAIGHT Ul161 Figure 27. Steps in pitching tent, in general purpose, medium. (b) Attach all guy lines to pins and tighten. (c) Drive remaining 16-inch wood pins, or in cold climate the 9-inch aluminum pins, and attach footstops to pins. (d) Tie jumper lines to side and corner eave poles, door poles, and center upright poles. (e) Adjust ventilator flap lines and tie them to spindles of corner eave poles. (f) Straighten all poles and tighten all lines until tent is smooth. (g) Tie tie tapes at inside corners of tent around corner eave poles. (5) Attaching liner to tent (fig. 28). (a) Loosen slightly all guy lines by adjusting tent ~lips (1). (b) Unfold tent liner inside tent on one side of center poles so that stovepipe openings of tent liner are on same side of tent as stovepipe open (c) Lift each center upright pole, pull liner under pole, and slip liner pole sleeve over pole ( 3) . (d) Tie liner ridge suspension lines to tent ridge plates and to tent ridge pole (4). (e) Secure liner to tent doors, corners, and sidewall eaves by passing eave suspension lines on liner through hardware eye on inside of tent; and then run suspension lines through grommets in liner and secure to Drings on liner (5, fig. 22). (f) Tie tie tapes at sides of liner door openings to door eave poles. (g) Wrap liner pole sleeves around center upright poles and tie with tie tapes (5, fig. 28). (h) Secure footstops in liner sidewall screen to tent footstop pins ( 5, fig. 28). ings in tent (2) . (i) Tighten all tent guy lines. AGO S427A 1. LOOSENING TENT LINES 2. UNROLLING LINER INSIDE TENT STOVEPIPE OPENING CORNER LINE 3. PLACING LINER AROUND CENTER POLES AND SPREADING LINER 4. SECURING LINER TO RIDGE 5, SECURING LINER TO TENT TIElAPES ON SLEEVE AROUND CENTER POLES ..1·37~2 Figure 28. Steps in attaching liner to tent, general purpose, medium. e. Striking. Four men can strike the tent in allow tent liner to drop to the approximately 30 minutes. ground. (e) Loosen all guy lines. Lift center (1) Removing linter. upright poles slightly and remove(a) Untie tie tapes at corners. Untie tie liner from the poles. tapes at door entrances from door eave poles. Untie tie tapes of pole (2) Striking tent. sleeves from around center upright (a) Untie corner lug tie tapes and unwrap lugs from corner eave poles. poles. (b) Remove footstops of tent and liner (b) Close doors and fasten wooden togscreen from footstop pins. gles to toggle chapes. (c) Untie and remove eave suspension (c) Untie jumper lines from center uplines from liner D-rings and gromright poles and from eave and door mets, and tent hardware eye. poles. (d) Untie ridge suspension lines from (d) Remove all footstop pins except tent ridge plates and ridge pole, and those at each corner of the tent. AGO 54"27A 36 (e) Remove all eave guy lines from guyline pins except those at the corners of the tent. Remove all unused guyline pins. (f) Remove door eave poles and all other eave poles except those at corners. (g) Remove ridge guy lines from tent pins, and lower center upright poles gently to the _ground. Remove all unused tent pins. (h) Disconnect center poles from ridge pole and remove poles from tent. Disassemble r idge pole and center poles. (i) Unfasten the eight corner eave guy lines from guy-line pins; remove corner eave poles; remove corner EAVE SUSPENSION LINES footstops from footstop pins; and remove remaining tent pins. f. Folding. (1) Folding liner. (a) Lay liner out as flat as possible with eave suspension lines rolled and placed on top of liner. Fold side and end walls and sidewall screens under liner; fold triangular ends of end walls over liner roof (1, fig. 29). (b) Fold ends of liner toward center, making 6-foot folds. Fold one end of folded liner over the other (2, fig. 29). (c) Fold one end of folded liner toward the center and over the other end CD SIDE WALL J-+-6' • I • 6' .. I.. 6' .. I.. 6' •I ~ 6'--+-f I I I I I I I I I I ""'("" I -" --... I... I ~ I I I I 4A-37-60 0 L _I _I J Figure 29. Steps in folding liner of tent, general purpose, medium. AGO 5427A so that dimensions of folded liner coil guy lines and place them on tent are approximately 6 feet by 6 feet (3, fig. 23). (d) Fold liner in half twice so that dimensions of folded liner are approximately 3 by 3 feet, place folded liner in center of liner cover, fold all cover ends of flaps neatly within package, and close cover securely (4, fig. 23). (2) Folding tent. (a) Open corner slide fasteners, close tent doors, and close and secure stovepipe openings. (b) Spread tent out fiat, outside up, and I• 6'-1 ,----, I I ~-\-~ I 16' I -,I I I _ _j L- VESTIBULE roof. (c) Fold end and sidewalls, along eave line, on tent roof (1, fig. 24). (d) Fold ends of ten toward center, making 6-foot folds. Fold one end of folded tent over the other (2, fig. 29). (e ) Fold each end of folded tent toward center, making 3-foot folds; and overlap one end over the other (fig. 30). (f) Fold tent in half and place in center of cover (fig. 30). Close cover securely. TENT COVER l-3'-t r-~t I 'i L__ .1.. 4A-37-59 Figure 30. Folding tent, general purpose, medium. 4A-37-58 Figure 91. Tent, general pu1·pose, small. 38 A GO 5427A 9. Tent, General Purpose, Small a. Use. The tent, general purpose, small, FWWMR, OD, complete with pins and poles (fig. 31), is designed to be used as a command post, fire direction center, battalion aid station, or for any general purpose use. The tent is intended to be used in temperate and tropical climates; however, with the liner, it can be used effectively in cold climates. b. Description. The tent is a six-sided pyramidal tent, supported by a telescopic center pole and eight telescopic eave poles. A front and rear entrance is provided, each with a lacing flap arrangement to permit vestibule attachment or the erection of tents in tandem. (1) Tabulated data. Height: peak height, 10 feet 6 inches; eave height, 5 feet. Length: each side of the tent is 8 feet 9 inches. Width: the hexagonal floor of the tent is 17 feet 6 inches in diameter. Weight: tent, 116 pounds; liner, 23 pounds; pins and poles, 47 pounds. Cube: 8 cubic feet. Floorspace: 198.9 square feet. (2) Material. The tent is made of 9.85ounce duck, FWWMR. ('3) Doors. The tent has two doors 7 feet high on opposite sides, permitting tents to be joined together with suitable access from one to the other. Door flaps can be securely closed either by slide fasteners or by loops over wooden toggles. The doors are operated from both inside and outside. ( 4) Ventilation. The tent is ventilated by six ventilators. Four ventilator s have inside ducts, which can be closed by tie cords. These ventilators have hoods of the fixed type, each hood being constructed with a stiffener inserted in the hem to keep it extended out from the ventilator opening. The other two ventilators consist of nonmetallic mesh insect screens and opening flaps with ventilator tielines. (5) Heating. The tent is heated by an M-1950 Yukon stove. A stovepipe opening is built in one side of the tent near the eave. When the stove is not in use, the opening can be closed by securing stovepipe opening flaps to the tent with tie tapes. (6) Snow cloths. There is a snow -cloth sewed to the bottom of each side of the tent. When the tent is pitched, the snow cloths are fiat on the ground on the outside of the tent. Snow is deposited on the snow cloths for insulation purposes. (7) Screen doors. Two screen doors are provided; they may be attached to the front and rear of the tent for protection against insects. (8) Sock lin es. Sock lines are provided for drying clothing and equipment. (9) Liner. A fire-resistant liner, made of 5.2-ounce permeable cotton cloth, is provided to insulate the tent and to prevent frost from falling on the occupants. The liner is held in place by metal toggles. c. G1·ound Plan. Before pitching the tent, study the ground plan carefully (fig. 32). d. Pi tching. The tent can be pitched by four men in approximately 30 minutes. (1) Preliminary instructions (1, fig. 33). (a) Spread tent on ground. Check to see if liner is in place; if it is not in place, spread it out beneath the tent. (b) Secure D-rings to snaps inside front and rear doors. (c) Close slide fasteners in front and rear doors. (d) Secure D-rings to snaps outside front and rear doors. (e) Drive six corner pins and four door pins, and attach footstops to pins. (2) Attaching corner eave lines and inser ting t entpole (2, fig. 33). (a) Drive six pins about 11 feet from corners of tent, and attach corner eave lines. Pins on opposite sides of tent should be in a straight line. (b) Open front door and push pole, extended to 10 feet 6 inches, under tent. (c) Insert spindle of pole through hole in peak of liner and through supporting ring in peak of tent. AGO 5427A 39 DOOR EAVE liNE TWO FOOTSTOP PINS AT EACH DOOR TENT lEGEND 16' 3" 0 9" AlUMINUM PINS @ TELESCOPIC CENTER POLE J o TELESCOPIC EAVE POLES ® TELESCOPIC DOOR POLES 4A-37-57 Figure 92. Ground plan of tent, general purpose, small. (3) Raising tent (3, fig. 33). ings, stovepipe, and vent openings (a) With one man inside the tent, close of liner with like openings in tent. inside and outside D-rings and snaps (d) Insert D-rings at peak of liner into on doors; close slide fasteners. snaps near peak of tent. (b) Fasten loops to wood toggles on doors. (e) Raise tentpole, placing butt of tent (c) Lift tentpole; and line up door open-pole in center of tent area. AGO 5427A 40 (f) Extend six eave poles to 5-foot length, and insert spindles of eave poles through tent grommets at corners of tent (4, fig. 33) . (g) Drive remaining eave-line pins as shown on ground plan. (h) Attach corner lines, intermediate eave lines, and door eave lines to tent pins. (i) Extend two eave poles to 7-foot length, and insert spindles of poles through tent grommets at center of tent doors (4, fig. 33). (i) Adjust and tighten all lines. (4) Fastening liner to inside of t ent. (a) Insert metal toggles on inside of tent through grommets on liner, allowing approximately 2 inches between tent and liner for insulating purposes. (b) Tie tapes around stovepipe opening in liner to corresponding tapes around stovepipe opening in tent, to keep stovepipe opening in place. (c) Tie liner door tie tapes to screen door tie tapes. (d) Thread sock lines through lines of metal toggles around tent, and tie. (5) Joining two tents together. (a) When two tents are to be joined together, erect the first tent as described above. Fasten lugs (4, fig. 33) at front or rear of tents together by inserting grommet lug of one tent between grommet lug and the becket lug of other tent, and chain-lace beckets (fig. 4) on lug of one tent through grommets on each lug of both tents. Begin chainlacing' at bottom (near the ground) of lugs and continue until bottom (near the ground) at other end of the same lugs is reached, securing last becket with a knot. Then erect the second tent in the same manner as the first tent. (b) An alternate method of joining two tents together is to spread both tents on the ground with the front or rear of one tent next to the front or rear of the other tent, and fasten the lugs of the two tents together as described in (a) above. Then erect the two tents as de scribed in (1) through (4) above. (6) Attaching v esti bule. (a) Attach vestibule to door of tent in in the same manner used for attaching two tents together (5 above). (b) Drive vestibule guy-line tent pins as shown in ground plan. (c) Attach vestibule guy lines to guyline tent pins. (d) Extend two eave poles to 5-foot length, and insert spindles of eave poles through tent grommets at corners of vestibule. (e) Extend one eave pole to 7-foot length, and insert spindle of eave pole through grommet in end of vestibule. (f) Adjust and tighten all guy lines. e. Striking. (1) Loosen vestibule guy lines and remove guy line pins. (2) Remove vestibule eave poles and telescope poles to their shortest length. (3) Remove vestibule from tent. ( 4) Loosen tent footstops from footstop pins, and remove footstop pins. (5) Loosen door eave lines and remove door eave poles. Telescope poles to their shortest length. (6) Remove door eave lines from tent pins and remove tent pins. (7) Loosen all other lines and remove all other eave poles. Telescope poles to their shortest length. (8) Remove tentpole and telescope pole to its shortest length. (9) Remove all lines from tent pins and remove all tent pins. f. Folding (fig. 34). (1) Engage D-rings into snaps inside front and rear doors, close slide fastteners, and engage D-rings into snaps outside front and rear doors. (2) Spread tent on ground and locate stovepipe opening panel. Grasp corner eave line (to right of stovepipe opening) and pull out corner of panel. Then coil intermediate eave line, cor- AGO 6427A 1. PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS 2. ATTACHING CORNER EAVE LINES AND INSERTING TENTPOLE REAR DOOR ~ CORNER EAVE OPEN DOOR CORNER EAVE LINE PIN LINE 3. RAISING TENT 4. OUTSIDE D-RING AND SNAP INSERTING EAVE POLES, ATTACHING DOOR EAVE LINES, INTERMEDIATE EAVE LINES, AND CORNER LINES DOUBLE LUG CORNER EAVELINE PIN INTERMEDIATE EAVE-LINE DOOR EAVE-LINE PIN - 4A3756 Figure 99. Steps in pitching tent, general purpose, small. 42 AGO 6427A 1. SPREADING TENT OUT TOFOLD 2. MAKING FIRST PANEL FOLD 3. FOLDING TENT PEAK TOWARD TENT EAVE STOVEPIPE OPENING FOLDLINE TENT PEAK CORNER LINE COILED INTERMEDIATE EAVEINTERMEDIATE DOOR EAVE LINE LINE COILEDEAVE LINE 4. FOLDING SHORT SIDE OF 5. PLACING TENT AND VESTIBULE ON COVER TENT TOWARD CENTER VESTIBULE TENT COVER -~r---------: / r·----------~ ~---------- 1 TENT SHORT SIDE ~---------, '------·r------ - 1 ' I I I ~-----------------------' u u g g 4A-37 -55 Figure 34. Steps in folding tent, general purpose, small. AGO 5427A ner line, and corner eave line neatly (5) Fold peak of tent about half way to on extended panel (1). eave of tent (3). (3) Reaching to the left, grasp corner eave line (to left of stovepipe opening) and pull second panel to the right, making an accordion fold (2). ( 4) Fold remaining panels in the same manner, having six folds in all. As each fold is completed, coil intermediate eave lines or door eave lines neatly between folds. Coil corner lines and corner eave lines on top of each panel. (6) Fold short side of tent toward center to make a rectangle of the tent (4). (7) Roll or fold tent to the smallest possible size, and place tent on cover (5). (8) Fold vestibule to dimensions equal to, or smaller than, the dimensions of the folded tent. Place folded vestibule on top of folded tent, (5). (9) Strap cover tightly around tent. Section II. SPECIAL PURPOSE TENTS 10. Tent, Hexagonal, Lightweight, M-1950 a. Use. The tent, hexagonal, lightweight, M1950, FWWMR, OD, complete with pins and poles (fig. 35), is used to provide shelter for troops operating in extremely cold-dry or coldwet areas. Normally the tent will accommodate five men and their individual clothing and equipment; under emergency conditions, the tent will provide shelter for five men sleeping and one on watch. b. Desc1·i ption. The tent is a six-sided pyramidal tent, supported by a telescopic center pole. (1) Tabulated data. Height: peak height, 8 feet 6 inches; eave height, 2 feet. Length: each side of the tent is 6 feet 7 inches long. Width: the hexagonal floor of the tent is 13 feet 3 inches in diameter. Weight: tent and liner, 48 pounds; pins and pole, 8 pounds. Cube: 3.8 cubic feet. Floorspace: 113.2 square feet. (2) Material. The tent is made of plied yarn, wind-resistant, sateen cotton cloth, FWWMR, which weighs approximately 9 ounces per square yard. (3) Door. The tent has one door 5 feet high, which is located in the center of one side. Door flaps may be closed either by the slide fastener or by loops over wood toggles. (4) V entilat1:on. The tent is ventilated by two built-in ventilators on opposite sides and near the peak of the tent. The ventilators have inside ducts, which can be closed by tie cords. The ventilator hoods are of the fixed type, each hood being made with a stiffener inserted in the hem to keep it extended out from the ventilator opening. (5) H eating. The tent is heated by an M-1950 Yukon stove. A stovepipe opening with a silicone rubber-molded ring is built in one side of the tent near the eave. When the stove is not in use, the stovepipe opening can be protected by a canvas flap. (6) So ck lines. Three sock lines are provided for drying clothing and equipment. (7) Snow cloths. There is a snow cloth sewed to the bottom of each side of the tent. When the tent is pitched, the snow cloths are flat on the ground on the outside of the tent. Snow is deposited on the snow cloths for insulation purposes. (8) Lilner. A fire-resistant liner, made of 5.2-ounce cotton cloth, is provided to insulate the tent and to prevent frost from falling on the occupants. The liner is held in place by metal toggles. (9) Cover. The tent is provided with a cover for use when it is in storage or 44 AGO 5421A 1 Ventilator 5 9-in.ch aluminum tent pin 9 Wood tent toggle 2 Telescopic tentpole 6 Corner eave line 10 Door eave line 3 Stovepile opening 7 Footstop4 Intermediate eave line 8 Snow cloth Figure 95. Tent, hexagonal, is being transported. The tent and liner, when folded, fit into the cover. Aluminum tent pins are nested, and the magnesium pole is telescoped to its shortest length and placed in the pocket at one side of the cover. c. Ground Plan. Before pitching the tent, study the ground plan carefully (fig. 36). d. Pitching. The tent can be pitched by five men in approximately 15 minutes. (1) Preliminary p1·ocedures (1, fig. 37). (a) Spread tent on ground. Check to see if liner is in place; usually it is not in place in a new tent. If liner 11 Tent slip lightweight, M-1950. is not in place, spread it out beneath tent. (b) Secure D-ring to snap inside door. (c) Close slide fastener in door. (d) Drive six corner pins and two door pins and attach footstops to pins. (2) Attaching corner eave lines and inserting tent pole (2, fig. 37). (a) Drive pins about 6 feet from corners of tent and attach corner eave lines to pins. Pins on opposite sides of tent should be in a straight line. (b) Open door and push pole, extended to 8 feet 6 inches, under tent. AGO 5427A 'CORNER EAVE LINE (YELLOW) I @ ~6'·--~----13' 3"---~t.l f--s'71/2"-1 1 6' LEGEND o 9" ALUMINUM PIN @ TELESCOPIC POLE Figure 36. Ground plan of tent, hexagonal, lightweight, M-1950. (c) Insert spindle of pole through (5) Propping up door eave line. The door grommet in peak of liner and eave line can be propped up by plac through handworked ring in peak ing the line over an improvised poleof tent. (tree branch or other object higher (3) Raising tent (3, fig. 37). than the door entrance) at a distance (a) With one man inside the tent, close of about 5 feet in front of the door inside and outside and then staking the line out to a pin. D-rings and snaps on door; close slide fastener. This keeps the door from sagging, (b) Fasten loops to wood toggles on makes the slide fastener work better, door. makes the tent easier to get into and (c) Raise tent and liner; place butt of out of, and gives the tent greater stability. tentpole in center of tent area. (4) Attaching door eave line and inter(6) Fastening liner. Fasten liner in place rnediate eave lines (4, fig. 37). by inserting wire toggles, which are (a) Stake door eave line far enough to secured to tent, into grommets set in hold door vertical. liner. Allow approximately 2 inches (b) Stake intermediate eave line pins. between tent and liner for insulating (c) Attach the five intermediate lines purposes. Tie tapes around stovepipe to pins. opening in liner to corresponding (d) Adjust and tighten all lines. tapes around stovepipe opening in 46 AGO 5427A 1. PRELIMINARY PROCEDURES 2. ATTACHIHG CORNER EAVE LINES AND INSERIIHG TEfU POLE \~ CORNER EAYE·LINE PIN 3. RAISING TENT 4. ATTACHING DOOR EAVE LINE AND INTERMEDIATE EAYH!N£S ADJUST AND TIGHTEN AU LINES INTERMEDIATE EAVEUNE ........-INTERMEDIATE / EAYE·LlNE PIN Figure 87. Steps in pitching tent, hexagonal, lightweight, M-1950. AGO 5427A tent to keep stovepipe opening in place. The 35-foot sock line is threaded through the eyes of the toggles at the eave line and tied to the toggle at each corner of the door. The 30-foot sock line is threaded through the eyes of the next row of toggles and the two ends are tied in a square knot. The 19-foot sock line is threaded through the eyes of the remaining row of toggles and the ends are tied in a square knot. e. Striking. (1) Loosen liner tie tapes. (2) Loosen door eave line. (3) Remove all footstop pins. ( 4) Loosen all eave lines and remove all all eave line pins. (5) Remove tentpole, and telescope pole to its shortest length. (6) Remove liner only if repairs are needed. f. Folding. (1) Folding tent (fig. 38). (a) Engage snap into D-ring inside door and close door slide fasteners. (b) Spread tent on ground and locate stovepipe opening panel on top fold. Grasp corner eave line (to the right of stovepipe opening) and pull out corner of panel. Then coil intermediate eave line and corner line neatly on extended panel (1). (c) Reaching to the left, grasp corner eave line (to the left of stovepipe opening) and pull the second panel to the right, making an accordion fold (2). (d) Fold remaining panels in the same manner, having six folds in all. As each fold is completed, coil intermediate eave lines, corner eave line, and door eave line neatly between folds (3). (e) Coil on top of folded tent panels the last remaining intermediate eave line and corner eave line ( 4). (f) Fold snow cloth over sidewalls of tent. Fold peak of tent to edge of snow cloth ( 5) . (g) Fold short side of tent toward center to make a rectangle of the tent (6). (h) Roll or fold tent to the smallest possible size, and place tent on cover. Place nested pins and telescoped pole into pocket of cover (7). (i ) Close cover, securing it with straps and loops. Care should be taken that flaps are tucked neatly inside cover. (2) Folding liner. Ordinarily the liner is not removed from the tent. When necessary, the liner can be folded separately in the same manner as the tent. After the liner is folded, it can be placed inside the cover with the tent, pins, and pole. 11. Tent, Kitchen, Flyproof, M-1948 a. Us e. The tent, kitchen, flyproof, M-1948, FWWMR, OD, complete with pins and poles (fig. 39), is a screened shelter for cooking and serving food where flies and other insects are numerous. b. Descri ption. The tent is an A-shaped, square-ended, rectangular tent. The back or field range section of the tent forms a stack, elevated in turret fashion 3 feet higher than the front or service section to accommodate the field ranges. Both sections have a similar contour, sloping gently to each side of a central ridge. The side and front walls of the tent may be ·guyed out, forming awnings on the side and front. A wall screen, which snaps to the tent, provides an insect-proof closure on sides and front when the walls are raised. The tent can be completely blacked out. (1) Tabulated data . Height: stack ridge height, 12 feet; stack sidewall height, 9 feet; service section ridge height, 9 feet; service section sidewall height, 6 feet. Length: 18 feet overall; length of stack, 6 feet. Width: 12 feet. Weight: tent, 202 pounds; pins and poles, 218 pounds. Cube: 26.2 cubic feet. Floorspace: 216 square feet. AGO 5427A 2. MAKING FIRST PANEL FOLD1. SPREADING TENT OUT TO FOLD DOORCENTER OF PANEL STOVEPIPE EAVE LINE REMAINING OF 2ND PANELSHIELD 4 CORNERS CORNER SEAM OF PANEL CORNER EAVELINE CORNEREAVE LINE INTERMEDIATEEAVE LINE fOLO LI Nt 3. FOLDING REMAINING PANELS 4. COILING LINES ON TOP OF FOLDED PANELS 5. FOLDING ENDS OVER TOWARD CENTER "I ' 1 FOLD EVEN6CORNER SEAMS 'I \ WITH TOP OF:\ ISTOVEPIPEREMAINING FOLD LINE ', OPEN ING. INTERMEDIATE INTERMEDIATE 1 EAVE LINE CORNER EAVE EAVE LINE LAST CORNER ~ \ LINE COILED EAVE LINE COILED I --__1 fULO LINE f!lO LI NE ••••~"SNOW CLOTH 7. PLACING FOLDED TENT ON COVER6. FOLDING SHORT SIDE TOWARD CENTER TENT COVER --:--~ D POCKET FORPOLE AND PINS 1AJ7SI Figure 98. Steps in folding tent, hexagonal, lightweight, M-1950. 49 AGO 5427A 1 Eave line 14 Stack side screen 2 7-foot tentpole 15 Sidewall ventilator opening 3 Front ventilator screen 16 Guy line 4 9-foot tent pole 17 24-inch tent pin 5 Front ventilator flap 18 Sidewall awning section 6 11-foot 10-inch jointed ridge pole 19 Awning slide fastener 7 Spindle of 11-foot 10-inch ridge pole 20 Tent screen 8 Front stack ventilator flap 21 6-foot 2-inch tentpole9 Front stack ventilator screen 22 Entrance opening slide fastener 10 12-foot 3-inch tentpole 23 16-inch tent pin 11 5-foot 11 ~-inch solid ridge pole 24 Footstop 12 Roof stack 25 Service window opening slide fastener 13 Stack side flap Figure 89. Tent, kitchen, fiyproof, M-1948. (2) Material. The tent is made of 12.29 a draft, so that heat from the field ounce duck, FWWMR. ranges is taken away through the (3) Support. The tent is supported by 13 screening. upright poles and 2 ridge poles. When (b) When conditions are favorable, the sides and front are guyed out to slide fasteners can be released and form awnings, 11 additional upright the sidewalls and front end of the poles are required. tent lifted from the bottom to pro vide increased ventilation. The side (4) Entrances. The vertical sidewalls of and front walls can be guyed out,the tent are equipped with eight slide with the bottom seams supportedfasteners. Entrance to the tent can by tentpoles to form awnings. be gained by opening any one of the (c) When the sidewalls and front endfasteners. However, when the screen of the tent are lowered and the slidewall is attached, entrance can be fasteners closed to provide safegained only by opening the one slide blackout operation conditions, adefastener in the corner near the service quate ventilation can be obtained bywindow. adjusting the ventilator flaps on the (5) Ventilation. sides and the rear of the stack sec (a) The four elevated sides of the stack tion near the base and on the front section are equipped with air of the service section near the ridgepermeable screening. This induces pole. 50 ~ AGO 5427A (6) Sc'reens. tent, raise stack section side, and attach guy lines to pins. (a) A detachable screen, made of 2.9 ounce type II nylon cloth, snaps to (c) Insert spindles of three 6-foot 2the tent and can be used as an inch upright poles through gi:·om mets in eave at one side of service insect-proof closure on the sides and front of t he tent. The screen is section of tent, raise service section fastened at the top Qf both end and side, and attach guy lines to pins. side tentpoles and drapes vertically (d) Raise the other side of tent in the to the ground, where it is attached same manner as the first. to 16-inch tent pins. The screen has (e) Straighten poles, close slide fastena service window in the front secers, drive 16-inch pins, and attach tion which can be opened by slide footstops to pins.fasteners and rolled up. The front (3) Raising short r~dge pole (3, fig. ·H). end and sidewalls of the tent can be Insert spindles of the two 12-foot 3raised and guyed out to form awninch upright center poles through ings, in which case the screen wall holes at ends of short ridge pole, raiseoffers insect pr otection. poles, and insert spindles of the 12 (b) There are built-in screens on the foot 3-inch upright center poles intofront and sides of the stack section grommets in stack ridge. Make sure near the top. Flaps operated by that the 12-foot 3-inch upright poleshoisting lines can be used to cover are at the front and rear center ofor uncover the screens. There are stack section 6 feet from each side,also built-in screens on the sides and that they are perpendicular.and rear of the stack section near ( 4) Raising long ri dge pole (4, fig. 41). the base and on the front of the (a) With one man at each end of theservice section near the ridge pole. long ridge pole, raise pole to a posi (7) Cover. The tent is provided with a tion where a third man can insertcover for use when it is in storage or the spindle of the 9-foot uprightis being transpor ted. front pole through the hole in the c. Ground Plan. Before pitching the tent, front end of the ridge pole and study the ground plan car efully (fig. 40). into the grommet in the service ridge of the tent; and then set up d. Pitching. The tent can be pitched by five right pole in place perpendicularly men in approximately 60 minutes. When conas indicated on ground plan. ditions permit, the tent should be pitched away (b) Fasten connector end of long ridgefrom natural elevations or tall equipment that pole to the 12-foot 3-inch uprightmight obstruct a draft through the tent stack. front center pole (fig. 42) about 3 (1) Preliminary p1'ocedure (1, fig. 41). feet from the top of the stack so Spread tent out according to ground that the long ridge pol~ is level with plan with the four 9-foot and the six the ground. This is done by placing 6-foot 2-inch side poles and twenty 24-connector of ridge pole around upinch pins in proper position. right pole, swinging swivel plate (2) Raising s~des and attaching guy lines into position on one side of upright (2, fig. 41). pole, and tightening nut. Attach (a) Drive ten 24-inch pins on one side jumper line at front stack ridge of tent site, according to ground around short ridge pole with a half plan. hitch, and secure it to metal loop of (b) Insert spindles of two 9-foot upconnector with a round turn and right poles through grommets in two half hitches. Insert spindle of eave at one side of stack section of connector through grommet at AGO 5427A 5 1 ridge at rear end of service section from the 9-foot front side stack of tent. poles can go through the openings. (5) P'reparing to attach screen (5, fig. 41). (b) Spread out screen around outside (a) Unfasten slide fasteners at front of side and front poles at base ofand rear corners of sidewalls, and tent. detach footstops from pins. Extend ( 6) ·Attaching screen (6, fig. 41).sidewalls outward with eight 6-foot (a ) Hang screen to tent by fastening2-inch poles and front wall with two snap fasteners at eave and rear6-foot 2-inch poles and one 7-foot corners. Remove tops of sidewall pole, to form awnings. Drive pins poles from eave grommets, insertand attach guy lines, according to spindles of poles into tabs in screen,ground plan. The slide fasteners on and replace poles. Tie front peak ofthe sidewall awnings and at the screen to ridge pole with screen front end of the stack can be un wall tieline. fastened, and the long guy lines (b) Drive remaining 16-inch pins and If -r-1---IY£'---1-r --r J-r 1 1----------------~ 14' I ------'----~ 1m \ 12' \ I ••• 7 \ \ \ '/ \ ', OOUJIC[ \ ·r 1 r T 1 1 r LEGEND S UPRIGHT POLE 112' 3'1 El UPRIGHT POLE (71'1 l • lfRIGIIT POLE (9' r'l • PIN (24'1 0 UPIIGHT POLE (6' 2i c PIN (16") Figure 40. Ground plan of tent, kitchen, ft yproof, M-1948. 52 AGO 5427A 1. PRELIMINARY PROCEDURE SERVICE SECTION 2. RAISING SIDES AND AnACHING GUY LINES 4. RAISING LONG RIDGE POLE 12'3" POLE 6. AITACHING SCREEN STACK SECTION 6'2" POLE 9' POLE 3. RAISING SHORT RIDGE 'POLE LONG RIOGE POLE 5. PREPARING TO AnACH SCREEN 7. TYING JUMPER LINES AND ADJUSTING HOISTING • LINES AND VENTILATOR SCREEN FLAPS ~310 Figure 41. Steps in pitching tent, kitchen, fiyproof, M-1948. (7) Tying jumper lines and adjusting attach footstops to pins in front of screen; attach footstops on sides of hoisting lines and ventilator screen screen to 16-inch pins already drivflaps (7, fig. 41). en. AGO 5427A 53 SPINDII"' GROMMET TENT STACK ROOF TOOSTACKFRONT .5' 11%" RIDGE POLE KNOT 3' 12' 3" UPRIGHT ~-u-POLE SPINDLE _JIIMPER LIME GROMMET KNOT CONNECTOR LOOP 11' lD"RmGE I 'l POL£ COHIIECTORSWIVEL PLATE Figure 42. Fastening ridge poles to 12-foot 3-inch upright center pole (tent, kitchen,fiyproof, M-1948). (a) Tie all jumper lines to eave and STACK VOOJLATOR center poles. FI.APS CLOSED (b) Adjust hoisting lines which go FIOIIT VEIITIUTORS through D-rings on stack ventilator OP£11 flaps and grommets on screen panel. Raise flaps and tie hoisting lines around stack upright poles. (8) Closing tent for blackout (fig. 43). FRONT WAll AWNING Remove awning poles. Drop awnings DROPPEDand close slide fasteners. Place footstops over the same pins that are used Figure 43. Closing tent, kitchen, flyproof, for the screens. Close top stack sec M-1948 for blackout. tion ventilator flaps. Make sure that top front service section ventilator (2) Release footstops and remove the 16flaps are open. Tie lines of bottom inch pins. stack section ventilator hoods in sides (3) Raise awnings temporarily, using theand rear to pins to assure a .draft 6-foot 2-inch poles. through the tent. ( 4) Incline tentpoles supporting screen, e. Striking. remove screen from spindles of poles, (1) Unfasten slide fasteners along tent and reset poles. sidewalls. (5) Close all ventilator flaps. 54 AGO 5427A (6) Remove awning poles and drop awnings. (7) Remove the three center poles and their connecting ridge poles. (8 ) Remove the 6-foot 2-inch service section sidewall poles. (9) Remove the 9-foot stack section sidewall poles. (10) Remove the 24-inch pins from the ground. f. Folding. (1) Folding screen (1, fig. 44). Spread screen flat on ground and close slide fasteners. Fold in sod cloth and triangular part at top of front section to form a straight line. Fold ends toward center in 30-inch folds. Fold one end over the other end, making a 3-by 6-foot bundle. (2) Folding tent (2, fig. 44). (a) Spread tent flat on ground, arranging as neatly as possible. Throw all guy and eave lines toward center. Fold side and end walls toward center. (b) Grasp corners of rear, side, and front walls; fold over on front deck and stack. The tent is now a 1.2-foot square. Fold stack section on front deck. Establish a center line, and place folded screen to right of center line. (c) Fold ends toward center and end over end. Establish a center line. Fold ends toward middle and end over end. The tent is now approximately a 3-by 3-foot bundle. (d) Place in cover. Fold long flaps over first, and then fold the shorter ones. Secure bundle with lines tied through grommets and around bundle. 12. Tent, Mountain, 2-Man a. Use. The tent, mountain, 2-man, FWWMR, OD and white, complete with pins and poles (fig. 45), is designed to provide a lightweight, temporary shelter for two men in mountainous and arctic regions. b. Description. The tent is triangular in cross section, with an entrance and ventilator at each end. (1) Tabulated data. Height: ridge height, 3 feet, 7 inches; eave height, 12 inches. Length: 6 feet 10 inches. Width: 14 feet 6 inches. Weight: tent, 6 pounds; pins and poles, 3.5 pounds. Cube: 0.7 cubic feet. Floorspace: approximately 30.75 square feet . (2) Materials. The tent is made of a windresistant cott on twill cloth. The tent floor is made of a waterproof coated nylon cloth. The tent is olive drab in color on one side and white on the other so that it can be camouflaged by exposing the appropriate color. (3) Entrances. (a) The tent has two tubular tunnel entrances, 27 inches in diameter and 24 inches long. (b) A tunnel entrance can be closed by tying it either from the inside or outside with tie tapes. To tie entrances, wind tie tape around tunnel entrance as if entrance were the mouth of a bag, and fasten it with a half hitch. (c) A tunnel entrance can be kept open by pulling it out and securing it to a guy line with tie tapes, or it can be rolled against the tent and secured by tying the tie tapes on the tent through grommets on the outside opening of the entrance. (d) Tubular mosquito netting, attached to the body of the tent inside the entrance tunnels, can be closed by tying it tight either from the inside or outside by tie tapes. To tie the mosquito netting, wind tie tapes around opening of netting as if it were the mouth of a bag, and fasten it with a half hitch. ( 4) Ventilation. (a) Ventilation is of the greatest importance in the mountain tent, be- AGO 5427A 55 1. FOLDING SCREEN Sl.IDE FASTENERSCLOSED BUNDLE (3' l &1 TOP FOLDED OYER ~-• FOLD OVERONE END TO OTHER Ellll FOLD LINES 30" APART 2. FOLDING TENT CENTER FOLD FOLD FOLDLINE LINE LINE FOLD UNE II .....,..,. II GUY LINES TOWARD CENTER SCREEN r--, ,----.., '' !:::a I I liKI I I FOLD I I LINE CENTER I r I I I S> CENTER ' I L-_J I FOLD I LI!!E I:=;;;;~E>I--J END FOLDED END FOLDED TOWARD CENTER OYER END Figure 44. Steps in folding tent, kitchen, flyproof, M-1948. cause the cloth has been coated to opening, is at each end of the tent,make it impermeable. The tent can In good weather, the ventilators arebe ventilated by opening the tunnel kept wide open by tying them to theentrances or by using the built-in guy lines with tie tapes. In storms,ventilators. they are left hanging loosely to pro (b) An 8-inch diameter ventilator, with vide adequate protection as well asmosquito netting at the outside ventilation. The ventilators should 56 AGO 5427A 1 Long guy line 2 Ventilator 3 Tentpole adaptor 4 Loop for guy line 5 6 7 8 9-inch aluminum tent pin Tentpole Eave line Loop for tentpole 9 10 Pole sleeve Entrance tunnel Figure 45. Tent, mountain, 2-man. never be closed when a gasolineburning stove is lighted. In cold weather, there is an additional reason for leaving the ventilators open. Unless the moisture caused by breathing and cooking can pass off into the outside air, it forms as frost on the roof of the tent. In a wind, this shakes off and wets the clothes and sleeping bags. (5) Floor. The floor is constructed as an integral part of the tent. Special care should be taken not to tear the floor with boots. c. Pitching. Two men can pitch the tent in approximately 10 minutes. (1) Preliminary procedures (1, fig. 46). (a) Spread tent on ground in position it is to occupy, with desired color on outside; olive drab in normal situations and white under snowy condiditions. To reverse tent for proper color, pull inside of tent through one of the entrance tunnels, taking care not to damage the fabric. (b) Assemble tentpoles so that four poles of three sections each are made. Place poles on ground alongside the two tentpole adapters. (2) Inserting poles through loops and sleeves and attaching adapters (2, fig. 46). (a) Insert tentpoles through corner loops and pole sleeves of tent. (b) Attach pole adapters to tentpoles. (3) Raising front end of tent (3, fig. 46). (a) Raise front tentpoles and adapter to a position so that front end of tent is vertical. (b) Place front guy line through ring of adapter and stake guy line out to a pin in front of tent. (4) Raising rear end of tent (4, fig. 46). (a) Raise rear tentpoles and adapter to a position so that ridge of tent is almost level and rear end of tent is vertical. (b) Place rear guy line through ring of adapter and stake guy line out to a pin to rear of tent. AGO 5427A 57 1. PRELIMINARY PROCEDURES 2. INSERTING POLES THROUGH LOOPS AND SLEEVES AND ATTACHING ADAPTERS ~~ POLES ASSEMBLED~ POLE ADAPTERS GUY L!NE ~ DAPTER ATTACHED =liD 1111 GROUND WITH DESIRED COLOR ON OUTSIDE TO TWO TENT POLES 3. RAISING FRONT END OF TENT GUY LINE THROUGH RING OF ADAPTER 4. RAISING REAR END OF TENT ~---GUYLINE ATTACHED TO LOOP 5. TYING VENTILATOR AND ENTRANCE TIE TAPES TO GUY LINES AND STAKING OUT EAVE LINES TIE TAPES FASTENED TO GUY LINE YE LINES STAKED OUT TO PillS Figure 46. Steps in pitching tent, mountain, 2-man. 58 AGO 5427A (5) Tying ventilator and entrance tie tapes to guy lines and staking out eave lines (5, fig. 46). (a) Tie ventilator and tunnel entrance tie tapes to g uy lines. (b) Attach eave lines to the two loops on each side of tent and stake eave lines out to pins. (6) Anchoring corner. When additional anchorage of the tent is required, lines can be attached to the corner loops and secured to the guy-line pins. (7) Pitching tent without poles and pins. To achieve maximum mobility, the tent can be pitched without using poles and pins. This procedure is especially valuable in wooded terrain. The corners of the tent and the front and rear guy lines can be staked down with available sticks or stones. If the ridge of the tent sags, it can be supported by attaching a line to the loop in the center of the ridge and securing the line to a tree. Skis and ski poles can be used in place of tentpoles and pins. Although the tent can be pitched without pins and poles, these items should always be available. (8) Pitch1:ng tent in rocky terrain. In rocky terrain, it may be impossible to drive tent pins into the ground. In this case, attach guy lines to rocks. (9) Pitching tent in loose and powdery snow. When the snow on which the tent is pitched is loose and powdery, the guy lines can be attached to ski poles or ice axes, which are driven down into the snow after it has been packed; or the lines can be attached to a "dead man" anchor. This is made by burying a tent pin or stick horizontally in a hole in the snow and stamping the snow on top of the anchor until it is thoroughly packed. d. Striking. (1) Untie ventilator and tunnel entrance tie tapes from guy lines. (2) Remove guy and eave lines from pins. (3) Remove pins from ground. (4) Untie guy lines from webbing loops at front and rear peaks of tent. (5) Unfasten adapters from poles and remove poles from tent, and then disassemble poles. e. Folding and Rolling (fig. 47). (1) Place tent so that bottom is fiat on ground. Push ventilators and tunnel entrances inside tent (1). (2) With one man at each end of the tent, make an accordion fold by folding one side of tent inward at center and folding the other side over so that it covers bottom of tent (2). ( 3) Place pole sections, adapters, and pins at center of one end of folded tent (3). Eave lines should remain attached. ( 4) Fold sides of folded tent over toward center (4). (5) Starting at the end with pins and poles, roll folded tent tightly toward the other end ( 5) . (6) Tie rolled tent with two guy lines (6). · The tent can now be placed on the pack or stored. AGO 5427A 59 1. PLACING FLOOR FLAT ON GROUND AND PUSHING VENTILATORS AND ENTRANCES INSIDE TENT 2. MAKING ACCORDION FOLD YEMTILATOR PUSHED INSIDE TENT FOLD OYER 3. PLACING POLE SECTIONS, ADAPTER~ AND PINS ON TENT POLE SECTIONS, ADAPTERS, AND PINS. FOLD LINE 4. FOLDING SIDES OVER SIDES FOLDED OYER 5. ROLLING TENT END WITH PINS AND POLES 6. TYING TENT GUYLINES ,, < .. ...... Figure 1,7. Steps in folding and rolling tent, mountain, 2-man. 60 AGO 5427A CHAPTER 3 FRAME SUPPORTED TENTS Section I. GENERAL PURPOSE TENTS 13. Tent, Frame-Type, Maintenance, Medium Light Metal a. Use. The tent, frame-type, maintenance, medium light metal, FWWMR, OD, complete with frame, tent, and tent liner (fig. 48), is designed to be used as a medium sized maintenance tent for repair of wheeled and tracked vehicles in temperate or cold climates. It is also designed to be used as a maintenance shelter for personnel performing maintenance and assembly operations for the Hawk or Corporal missiles. b. Description. The tent is rectangular shaped with an arched top consisting of a sectionalized magnesium frame, a sectionalized outer fabric or skin, and a sectionalized tent liner. 4A·37·52 1 2 Heater duct sleeves End section 5 6 Ventilator Intermediate sections 9 10 Guy line assembly Personnel door 3 4 Lacing line Vehicle door 7 8 Guy line sleeve Window Figure 48. T ent, frame-type, maint enance, medium light metal. AGO 5427A (1) Tabulat ed datu. Height: 14 feet. Length: basic tent (two tent frame end sections, two tent outer fabric end secti.ons, two tent liner end sections, three frame intermediate sections, three tent outer fabric intermediate sections, and three tent liner intermediate sections) is 32 feet. Additional 8-foot intermediate sections can be added as required, up to a maximum tent length of 64 feet. Width: 20 feet. Weight: basic tent: tent frame, 1042 pounds; tent outer fabric, 540 pounds; tent liner, 475 pounds; intermediate section: tent frame, 116 pounds; tent outer fabric, 100 pounds; tent liner, 95 pounds. Cube: basic tent outer fabric, 52 cubic feet; basic tent liner, 185 cubic feet intermediate section tent outer fabric, 10 cubic feet intermediate section tent liner, 37 cubic feet. Floorspace: basic tent, 640 square feet. (2) Mute rial. The outer fabric is made of 12.29-ounce duck, FWWMR, OD, and is issued in combinations of end and intermediate sections. There are two end sections and three intermediate sections issued for the basic tent. (3) Door·s. The tent has a vehicle door and a personnel door at each end. (a,) Vehicl e dooTs . The vehicle doors, in conjunction with portions of the frame, operate on a venetian-blind principle. When closed, the doors are secured by means of J-hooks and lacing lines. (b) Personnel dom·s. The personnel door, at each end of the tent, is a curved slide fastener opening, 89 inches long. When closed, the doors are secured with toggle chapes and wood toggles. (4) Windows. Each tent intermediate section contains a window assembly consisting of a cloth netting screen, a plastic windowpane with slide fastener, and a blackout flap with tie tapes. The window screen is attached to the sidewall of the tent. The windowpane is attached at the top of the sidewall of the tent; it is secured at the bottom and two sides by a slide fastener which can be unfastened to allow the windowpane to be rolled up and tied at the top with tie tapes. When the blackout flap is in use, it is secured by tying tie tapes at the two sides and at the bottom; when not in use, it is rolled up and tied at the top with tie tapes. ( 5) Ventilation. The tent is ventilated by two ventilators located near the top of each end section. Each ventilator assembly consists of a cloth netting insect screen, a hood with spring assembly, and a ventilator flap with tie tapes and D-ring chapes. The flaps should be closed when the tent is used at night under blackout conditions. (6) Heating. The tent is heated by an external heater. Heater duct sleeves are located in each tent end section to accommodate the heater ducts. (7) Liner. The tent liner is made of 8.5ounce, natural color, corded sateen cloth that is fiberglass-insulated, and fire-and mildew-resistant treated. The liner consists of end sections and intermediate sections to match the tent outer fabric. Each liner end section contains a personnel door, a vehicle door, ventilator flap, and heater duct sleeves. The end sections are marked A and B. The difference between them is the type of fastener provided for attachment to an intermediate liner section. Each liner intermediate section contains a plastic windowpane which must be alined with the windowpane in each intermediate tent outer section. Liner sections are joined with becket lacing. Each liner section is supplied with nine aluminum arch pipes, an arch pipe rope, and S-hook and chain assemblies, which are used to secure the liner to the tent frame. 62 AGO 5427 A (8) Covers. The tent is provided with one tent cover for the two tent outer fabric end sections, one tent cover for each tent outer fabric intermediate section, and one tent cover for each tent liner end section. A tent liner cover is provided for each tent liner intermediate section. c. Pi tching. The basic tent can be erected by eight men in approximately 4 hours. (1) Assembling arches (fig. 49). (a) Lay out end ar ch segments on the ground in the proper order, with the heads of the captive hex bolts down. Insert joints of intermediate arch segments into lower arch segments; insert joints of upper arch segment into intermediate arch segments. Fasten segments together with eyebolt and chain assemblies. Place ends of transom chord and ends of transom chord struts ov~r the capscrews protruding from the intermediate arch segments. Fasten with eye nut and chain assemblies. (b) Lay out intermediate arch segments on the ground in the proper order. Join the segments as described in (a) above. (2) Assembling f rame (fig. 50). ( a) Attach short purlins marked with a yellow band to captive hex bolts of an assembled end arch. Hand tighten hex bolts. (b) Place an assembled intermediate arch on short purlins. Thread stud bolts of long purlins through holes 1 Lower arch segment 5 Upper arch segment 2 Arch segments fastened together 6 Transom chord assembly 3 Intermediate arch segment 7 Eye nut and chain assemblies 4 Transom chord struts 8 Capscrews Figure 49. Assem bling ar ches of t ent, fram e-type, maintenance, m edium light metal. AGO 6427A 63 in intermediate arch, into ends of nected to partial frame with short short purlins marked with yellow bands. Hand-tighten all connections. (c) Raise end arch and intermediate arch to an upright position. (d) Attach another intermediate arch to long purlins protruding from erected section of frame. Thread stud belts of long purlins through holes in intermediate arch and into ends of purlins extending from partial frame. Hand-tighten all connections. (e) Attach additional intermediate arches as described in (d) above. Last intermediate arch will be con purlins. (f) Attach other end arch to short purlins extending from partial frame. Thread captive hex bolts of end arch into ends of short purlins and handtighten all bolts. (3) Alining and anchoring arches to the ground (fig. 51). (a) Space ends of arches, using the arch spacer assembly. Adjust ends of each arch until arch spacer cable is tight. (b) Aline ends of all arches and anchor arches to the ground with steel tent pins. 4A-37-68 1 End arches 3 Captive hex bolts 5 Intermediate arches 2 Long purlin 4 Short purlin 6 Purlin stud hole Figure 50. Assembling frame of tent, frame-type, maintenance, medium light metal. 64 AGO 6427A ARCH SPACER 1 4A-37-53 Figure 51. Alining and anchoring arches of tent, frame-type, maintenance, medium light metal. (4) Attaching tent sections to frame (fig. 52). (a) Raise a folded tent end section over end arch. Unfold tent end section so that vehicle door is in center of end arch and rear portion overlaps intermediate arch by approximately 6 inches. (b) Secure arch hooks on inside of tent end section to the end arch (1). (c) Pull sod cloth, at each side of end section, under lowest purlin of frame; wrap flap over purlin; and engage round rings of hem rope to J-hooks of tent end section (2). Tighten hem rope and secure ends of rope to end and intermediate arches (3). Pass ends of transverse line under lowest purlins, through transverse line loop eyes, and tighten and secure ends wit h a knot (3). (d) Wrap transom chord securing straps around transom chord, and secure straps to D-rings (4). (e) Place folded intermediate tent section on the ground next to portion of tent frame that is to be covered. Attach ropes to end of tent section, throw ropes over tent frame, and pull tent section over tent frame so that the tent fabric overlaps both intermediate arches by approximately 6 inches (5). Make sure windows of all intermediate tent sections are on same side of tent. (f) Secure ends of tent intermediate section to tent frame as described in (c) above. (g) Secure transverse line on exposed edge of tent intermediate section as described in (c) above. AGO 5427A CD TENT INTERMEDIATE SECTION Figure 52. Attaching tent sections to frame of tent, frame-type, maintenance, medium light metal. AGO 5427.1!: }!! 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STRAP :::: ::::: ::: Figure 52-Continued. (h) Pass transverse line and securing (b) Secure doorpost assembly to movstraps on overlapping edge of inable socket of end arch with eyebolttermediate section through slits in and eyepin and chain assembliesbottom of tent section overlapped. (2).Pass transverse line over next high(c) Insert door control arm into doorer purlin, pull down to tighten, and post gusset. secure with a knot. Pass securing (d) Attach diagonal door control arm tostrap across arch, and fasten and control arm and to top post bracketsecure strap D-ring to nearest Jon the doorpost with the toggle pinhook (6) . and chain assemblies (3). (i ) Attach other tent end section as (e) Install opposite doorpost assemblydescribed in (a) through (c) above. in the same manner. (j) Secure transverse lines and secur (f) Slide three door spars into bottoming straps as described in (h) above. three door spar pockets of each (k) Secure transom chord securing vehicie door. Insert winch assemblystraps as described in (d ) above. hoisting cables of each vehicle door (5) Installim.g vehicle doo rs (fig. 53). through a fourth door spar, and (a) Slide end wall stiffener of tent end alternately through vehicle doorsection into receiving channel of 0-rings and installed door spars.doorpost (1), and raise doorpost asLock cable toggles under bottomsembly to an upright position. door spar (4). AGO 5427A 67 END WALL STIFFENER 11111111111111111111111111111111111 Figure 59. Installing vehicle doors of tent, frame-type, maintenance, medium light metal. AGO 5427A (g) Open doorpost top assemblies, pull hoist chain to raise vehicle doors, and insert door spar rollers in channels of doorpost ( 5). Close doorpost top assemblies, lower vehicle doors, lift top door spars to spar pockets, and button pocket flaps over door spars. (h) With doors closed, adjust the hoist cables to eliminate all slack on winch drums. (6) Installing end arch purlins and securing end walls (fig. 54). (a) Attach one end of end arch purlin to captive hex bolt near bottom of each doorpost assembly. Handtighten the connection. (b) Thread adjustment shaft and clevis assembly into other end of end arch purlin, fit clevis to bracket of end arch anchor assembly, and secure clevis to bracket with toggle pin and chain assembly. (c) Anchor doorpost to the ground with steel pins. (d) Secure end walls to tent frame as described in (4) (c) above. (7) Securing tent to ground (fig. 55). (a) Install three ground anchors on each side of the tent (para. 30b) ; one in line with the guy-line sleeve at each end arch, and one at the center intermediate arch, 6 feet from the bottom of the tent. (b) Slip loop and toggle bar of each guy assembly through a tent guyline sleeve, pass loop around arch and over purlin inside of tent, and slip toggle bar through loop to secure guy line to tent frame (1). (c) Attach guy assembly S-hook to ground anchor loop, adjust guy assembly for proper tension, and close guy assembly toggle (2). (8) Attaching tent liner to inside of tent. (fig. 56). (a) Determine the end of tent to which each tent liner end section is to be Figure 59-Continued. attached, so that the windows of AGO 6427A Figure 54. Installing end arch purlin of tent, frame-type, maintenance, medium light metal. intermediate liner sections cor respond with the windows of the erected tent. (b) Release doorpost top assemblies, raise vehicle doors, and lock hoist chain in chain retainer. Pull down on door control arm ropes, and lock door control arms in door control arm locks. (c) Pass arch pipe rope of liner end section over top purlin of frame end section, pull down on rope, and raise liner end section to top of tent (1). (d) Secure center arch pipe of liner end section to top purlin of frame end section with S-hook and chain assemblies (2). Secure remaining arch pipes to frame purlins on each side of tent in a similar manner. (e) Secure tie tapes of liner end walls to D-rings of tent end walls (3). (f) Close vehicle door, and secure liner vehicle door to tent vehicle door with tie tapes and D-rings (4). (g) Raise and secure intermediate liner sections as described in (c) and (d) above. (h) Fasten liner sections together with beckets of one section laced through grommets of adjacent section, and chain-lace the beckets (fig. 57). Begin lacing at bottom of one side of liner and continue until bottom of other side is reached. Secure last lacing with a knot. (9) Installing w iring harness assembly (fig. 58). (a ) Mount circuit breaker to bracket on door control arm lock. AGO 5427A 0 Figure 55. Securing tent, frame-typ e, maintenance, medium light metal to the ground. (b) Secure long cord assemblies to tent liner arch pipes on each side of tent with hanger hooks, or to tent purlins if liner is not installed. (c) Connect lighting and outlet assemblies to long cord assemblies, and secure assemblies to liner arch pipes or to tent purlins. (d) Attach 6-foot cord from the circuit breaker to an appropriate power source. d. Strikirng. The basic tent can be struck by four men in approximately 3 hours. (1) Removing wiring harness assembly (a) Disconnect cord connected to power source. AGO 5427A (b) Disco_nnect lighting and outlet assemblies from long cord assemblies and from liner arch pipes or tent purlins. (c) Unhook long cord assemblies from arch pipes or tent purlins, and remove circuit breaker from mounting bracket. (2) R emoving tent lin er. (a) Untie liner end section tie tapes from D-rings of tent vehicle door and end walls. (b) Separate liner sections by unlacing becket lacing. (c) Remove arch pipe S-hooks and chain assemblies of each liner section from tent purlins, and remove liner sections. (3) Removing guy-assemblies. Remove all guy assemblies from ground anchors and from tent frame. Ground anchors are not retrieved. (4) Disassembling vehicle doors. (a) Unlock toggles of hoisting cables from bottom door spars and remove all door spars. (b) Untie and release tent end wall hem ropes from end wall J-hooks. (c) Remove each end arch purlin from end arches and doorpost assemblies. (d) Remove diagonal door control arms from doorposts and door control arms. (e ) Remove door control arms from doorposts. (f) Remove steel tent pins from doorpost anchors. (g) Disassemble doorposts from movable sockets on end arches. (h) Remove doorposts from tent end wall stiffeners. (5) R emoving tent end sections. (a) Untie and remove transverse lines from eye loops and purlins, and remove securing straps from adjacent tent sections. (b) Untie and remove hem ropes from J-hooks. (c) Unhook arch hooks from end arch assembly. Figure 56. Attaching tent liner to inside of tent, frame-type, ·maintenance, medium light metal. (d) Remove tent end section from tent frame. (6) Removirng outer fabric intermediate sections. (a) Close and secure windowpanes and blackout flaps. (b) Untie and remove transverse lines from eye loops and purlins, and remove securing straps from adjacent tent sections. (c) Untie and remove hem ropes from J-hooks. (d) Pull tent section from one side of tent so that section folds in 5-foot pleats accordion fashion. Do not fold window assembly. I LINER ARCH PIPE ROPE (7) D1:sassembling tent frame. (a) Remove steel tent pins from anchor assemblies of all arches. (b) Unscrew hex bolts of either end arch from purlins, and lower end arch to the ground. (c) Unscrew purlins from intermediate arches, and lower arches to the ground. (d) Lower last end arch to the ground, and remove purlins. (e) Remove door winch and transom chord assemblies from end arches. (f) Remove eyebolt at each segment of each arch, and pull arch segments apart. AGO 6427A Figure 56-Continued. AGO 6427A 7.3-3. Figure 57. Becket lacing and grommets. e. Folding. (1) Folding tent iiner end sections (fig. 59). (a) Lay out liner end section (1), arch pipes up, and fold end walls and vehicle door over arch pipes. Coil arch pipe rope and place it on top of liner section (2). (b) Fold sides of section toward center, making 5-foot folds; and then fold one side of folded section over the other (3), and place folded liner section on its cover (4). Close and secure cover. (2) Folding tent liner intermediate sections (fig. 60). (a) Lay out intermediate liner section, arch pipes up, and fold liner section in half. Coil center arch pipe rope and place it on top of liner section (1). (b) Roll liner section from folded edge toward open ends, and place rolled section on its cover (2). (c) Fold ends of cover over rolled liner section and tie, through the grommets, the two cover tie lines provided (3). (d) Wrap sides of cover over rolled section and engage S-hooks in grom- Figure 58. Installing wiring harness assembly in tent, frame-type, maintenance, medium light metal. 74 AGO 5427A ARCH PI PES r I I I I ', I I 1 _, ,. 0 I '' I I ' --------,----------- \ .·, ,< .... ' I I -------+--------- 1 I I ' VEHICLE DOOR --r i---------:----------:--------1 l j ---- ---:---------: ------ i : ,---~---...... , .... --~--.......... ,. ..... ----........... .,.-----............. --,--.... , .,,. ---~----.... , : : /: 0: ';j ' Ill ~: ~:': L________ L________i _ _ ____.I::======*=====~ _______ J________ _l_ _______J L 5-FEET -j 1-5-FEET .J ,-r/ ___ r_____ I -~ 1 LINER END SECTI ON --+--COVER 4A-37-46 Figure 59. Folding and packing liner end section of tent, frame-type, maintenance, medium light metal. AGO 5427A .,...... -------... ... , ARCH PIPE I ' ',.., \ I ARCH PIPE ROPE -:..__-~' l: I ----, • -___ J 'J • ',-,, /:-...\'. 'II tl ' •I ~~-~=-~-~_:.:-::~: :::.r ..:-:.:. f.-=-.::.T--_-_-F ::F;~..: "-------It·----') ROLLED LINER SECTION I I ~~~--~·-U-_~~~~ ,_, \ I 4A-37-45 GROMMETS Figure 60. Rolling and packing liner intermediate section of tent, frame-type, maintenance, medium light metal. 76 AGO 5427A CD VEHICLE DOOR END WALL / I I --------~------ \ I ,~, r - I ' I I -------· t ----------· I ,..._ I __ , I I I I I ' I I I I I I I I ' 0 r--------: -------r ------1 j j------; ------~~-SJ!~T1 I , .... --~ --..... ,.,..-,--...., ,.,----......._ -/-----...._ ,..----;---, ,--~---....... I 1 I I I ' I '( ' I ~~ 1 ;1\ I ' II I I !_! 1 l1 "" t 1 J I I I I I I I I I I 1 I L ______ J. __ _ ----' -------~====±===~ ------L -------' ------J f-5-FEET --j TWO TENT END SECTIONS / ------ / ' # \ 4A-37-44 Figure 61. Folding and packing tent end sections of tent, frame-type, maintenance, medium light metal. AGO 6427A mets. Tighten roll with hem rope and secure rope with a knot (3). (3) Folding outer fabric end sections (fig. 61). (a) Lay out each tent end section, inside up (1), and fold vehicle door and end wall over end section (2). (b) Fold sides of section toward center, making 5-foot folds (3). Fold one side of folded section over the other (3). Place end sections, one on top of the other, on cover ( 4). Close and secure cover ( 4) . ( 4) Folding outer fabric intermediate sections (fig. 62). FOLD LINES i------,------,,----, I ;-----·: ' . ' : #------1--.. ..---~--------: 1 I I I ! I } ----____: i ~------lL__ -_____ j WINDOW ASSEMBLY 4A-37-41 Figure 62. Folding and packing tent intermediate section of tent, frame-type, maintenance, medium light metal. (a) Refer to d(6) (d) above, fold ends of folded section toward each other, and place folded section on its cover. (b) Close and secure cover. 14. Tent, Frame-Type, Insulated, Sectional a. Use. The tent, frame-type, insulated, sectional, fire-and mildew-resistant, OD, complete with frame and floor (fig. 63), is designed to be used as a general purpose tent, or as a personnel shelter in cold climates. b. Description. The tent is rectangular shaped with an arched top. A door is provided at each end of the tent. A vestibule is also provided and may be attached to either end of the tent. (1) Tabulated data. Height: tent, 8 feet; vestibule, 6 feet 6 inches. Length: tent, 16 feet; vestibule, 3 feet 10 inches. Width: tent, 16 feet; vestibule 3 feet 1 inch. Weight: tent, with one vestibule, 2,410 pounds. Cube: 259.5 cubic feet. Floorspace: tent, 256 square feet; ves tibule, 11 square feet. (2) Material. The outside fabric of the tent is made of 14.5-ounce cotton duck, OD in color. The inside fabric is made of 14.5-ounce cotton duck, light green in color. Fiberglass insulation, 1 inch thick, is sandwiched between the two layers of fabric. The fabric is issued END BLANKET ROOF GUY BAND 4A3740 Figure 69. Tent, frame~type, insulated, sectional. 78 AGO 5427A in blanket assemblies, two blanket end assemblies, and four blanket roof assemblies. (3) Doors. The tent has two doors, one in each blanket end assembly of the tent. Each door is 6.5 feet high and 2 feet 9 inches wide. The doors are made of plywood with fiberglass insulation. Each door has a door latch. (4) Transoms. Above each tent door is a transom consisting of a wire reinforced windowpane, a stovepipe opening, a locking strap, and blackout flap with tie tapes. The window is hinged at the bottom and may be opened to one of four positions and held in place by the locking strap. When the window is closed, the locking strap is dropped over the window and locked in place. The stovepipe opening is a sheet metal plate with a round disk that may be r emoved so that a stovepipe may protrude through the plate. The blackout flap is located on the inside of the transom window and, when in use, is secured by tying tie tapes at the bottom; when not in use, it is rolled up and tied at the top with tie tapes. (5) Windows. Each tent end blanket contains two window assemblies each consisting of a wood frame, wire reinforced plastic windowpanes, a brass window screen, and a blackout flap with tie tapes. The bottom window sash may be raised and locked in position with a hook and eye. When the blackout flap is in use, it is secured at the bottom with tie tapes; when not in use, it is rolled up and tide at the top with tie tapes. (6) Heating. The tent can be heated by one or two M-1941 tent stoves. (7) Ventilation. (a) Ventilation may be obtained by rolling up the window blackout flaps and opening the lower sash of the windows. (b) Additional ventilation can be obtained by opening the transoms. (c) When stoves are not being used, the stovepipe openings can be used as ventilators. (d) The door can be opened for ?-dditional ventilation. c. Pitch?"mg. Eight men can pitch the tent in approximately 49 minutes. (1) Assembling tent floor and tent f rame. (a) Open packing cases with key provided on each case. (b) Remove floor runners and place them on the pitching site (fig. 64). (c) Place floor units (packing case tops and bottoms) on floor runners so that blanket fastening holes will be on the outside of the assembled floor, and hook floor units together (fig. 64). (d) Unfold each arch and lock the hinged joints with the attached pins. (e) Place assembled arches over each end of the floor and at each junction of floor sections. Slide arch clips over wingnut bolts and tighten wingnuts (fig. 65). (f) Install roof purlins between arches by inserting purlin tongues into purlin slots on the arches (fig. 66). (g) Drive tent pins through chain footstops located at the ends of each arch (fig. 65). (2) Attaching end blankets to tent frame. (a) Place fixed connectors at bottom of door frame in slots at end of tent floor. (b) Slide adjustable door connectors at top of door frame over bolts at top of end arch, and tighten connector wingnuts (fig. 67). (c) Pull blanket hem over end arch, and attach blanket fabric to end arch with buckle chapes (fig. 67). (d) Pull blanket hem rope tight, and tie hem rope ends to collars located at ends of arch and facing sides of tent floor (fig. 68). AGO 5427A 79 INTERMEDIATE FLOOR SECTIONS VIEW ATE VIEW AT F Figure 64. Layout and connections of floor for tent, frame-type, insulated, sectional. (e) Fasten chape hooks at bottom edges of end blanket to blanket fastening holes in tent floor. Tighten hook chapes. (f) Attach end purlins between end arch and door frame. Tie end blanket to purlins (fig. 67). (g) Insert tent pins through chain footstops at bottom of door frames. Drive tent pins into the ground. (3) Attaching roof blankets and roof guy bands (fig. 69). (a) Place a roof blanket over tent frame between an end arch and an intermediate arch, and tie inside of blanket to top purlin of frame (1). ARCH CliP 0 Figure 65. Figure 66. (b) (c) (d) J.,.___ INTERMEDIATE ARCH WI NGNUT BLANKET-FASTENING HOLE 4A-37-39 CHAIN FOOTSTOP Attaching arches to floor of tent, frametype, insulated, sectional. ROOFARCH ~ 4A·31·38 Installing roof purlins in tent frame-type, insulated, sectional. Fasten chape hooks at bottom edges of intermediate blanket to blanket fastening holes in tent floor (3). Place blanket hems over end and intermediate arches, pull hem ropes tight, and secure ends of hem ropes to collars located at ends of arches (2). Tighten hook chapes at bottom edges of intermediate blanket. AGO 5427A BUCKLE CHAPES ~ END PURLIN END BLANKET END PURLIN TIE ROPES Figure 67. Attaching end blanket to frame of tent, frame-type, insulated, sectional (inside view). (e) Attach remammg intermediate (b) Attach cord clip to upper bolt at blankets as described in (a) through left of transom. (·d) above. (c) Extend cord from transom to roof, (f) Place roof guy bands over interand attach cord and light sockets at mediate arches, insert chape hooks desired locations with cord and outin nearest blanket fastening holes, let hangers. and tighten hook chapes (3). (d) Attach switch assembly to suitable power source. (4) Securing tent to gr ound (fig. 70). (a) Drive 10 tent pins into ground as (6) Attaching vestibule (fig. 72). indicated. (a) Place vestibule floor section on the (b) Fasten roof guy band guy lines to ground and fit it beneath the doortent pins, and tighten guy lines by sill of the tent so that blanket adjusting tent slips. fastening holes will face away from (c) Attach end guy-line snap fasteners the tent (1). to eyebolts on door frame. Attach (b) Stand vestibule side panel and door other end of guy lines to tent pins, panel on vestibule fio:>r so that side and tighten guy lines by adjusting panel is to the left and door panel tent slips. is to the right when facing the end (5) Attaching electrical outlet and switch of the tent. Loosen retainer strips Ct,Ss embly (fig. 71). on sides of tent doorframe, slip (a) Attach switch bracket to bolt in panel angle iron strips behind retainer strips and tighten retainer .doorframe above latch keeper, and tighten wingnut. strip wingnuts. AGO 5427A 81 END BLANKET :: ii ~ r···· 4A-37-18 Figure 68. End blanket tied to collar (tent frame type, insulated, sectional). (c) Install vestibule end purlin between vestibule panels by inserting purlin tongues into purlin slots on vestibule panels (1). (d) Install vestibule tie angle between vestibule panels by sliding tie angle bolt slots over bolts at bottom of panels. Tighten wingnuts to hold tie angle in place (1). (e) Install vestibule end cover retainer by slipping slots in retainer gussets (2) over bolts in side panel gusset connector brackets (1). Tighten wingnuts to hold end cover retainer in place. {f) Install vestibule top purlin by inserting purlin tongues into purlin slots in middle of shelter door lintel and end cover retainer (2). (g) Fasten chape hooks of vestibule end cover in blanket fastening holeJ in vestibule panels and floor (1). Tighten hook chapes. (h) Place vestibule top cover over vestbule top purlin so that hems overlap front and rear edges of vestibule, tie ends of hem ropes to line cleats located on side panels (1), insert chape hooks in blanket fastening holes on side panels (1), and tighten hook chapes. d. Striking. (1) Vestibule. (a.) Remove vestibule top cover. (b) Remove end cover from vestibule frame. (c) Remove top purlin from end cover retainer and door lintel. (d) Remove end purlin from vestibule panels. (e) Loosen wingnuts and remove end cover retainer from bolts in panel gusset connector brackets. (f) Remove tie angle from vestibule floor. (g) Loosen retainer strip wingnuts and remove vestibule side and door panels. (h) Move vestibule floor away from the tent. (2) Removing electrical outlet and switch assembly. (a) Disconnect switch assembly from power source. (b) Unhook cord and outlet hangers from purlins, loosen wingnut and remove cord clip from end arch, and loosen wingnut and remove switch bracket from doorframe. (3) Removing end and roof blankets. (a) Loosen guy lines and remove lines from tent pins. Remove end guy lines from eyebolts on doorframes. Remove unused tent pins. (b) Loosen guy band hook chapes, re move chape hooks from tent flo:>r, and remove guy bands. (c) Loosen roof blanket hook chapes, untie and remove roof blanket hem ropes from collars, remove chap~ hcoks from tent floor, and remove roof blankets from tent frame. AGO 5427A CD PURLIN TIE ROPE ~ :1 ROOF BLANKET I FLOOR SECTION ROOF GUY BAND HOOK CHAPE BLANKETCHAPE HOOKS FASTENING HOLE INTERMEDIATE ARCH 4A-37-78 Figure 69. Attaching roof blankets and roof guy bands to frame of tent, frame-type, insulated, sectional. AGO 5427A 83 GUY LINE D-RINGS 4A-37 -36 END GUY LINE Figure 70. Securing tent, frame-type, insulated, sectional to the ground. -" \:00 --, ' : ~~ ned\ 1\ \1\ SWITCH BRACKET :1 I ~ ill Figure 71. Attaching electrical outlet and switch assembly to inside of tent, frametype, insulated, sectional. 84 AGO 5427A -·-·- ~ '~ BLANKET FASTENING HOLES /_--/. BLACKOUTFLAP VESTIBULE END PURLIN DOOR PANEL TIE ANGLE WINGN I I I 'I ' I c; c II II" .. END COVER RETAINER GUSSETS Figure 72. Attaching vestibule to tent frame-type, insulated, sectional. (d) Remove end blanket hem ropes from collars, loosen hook chapes, and remove chape hooks from tent floor. (e) Remove tent pins from chain footstops at bottom of doorframes. {f) Untie end blankets from end purlins, and remove purlins from end arches and doorframes. (g) Unbuckle the buckle chapes from the end arches; loosen wingnuts, and remove the adjustable door connectors at top of doorframes from bolts on end arches. (h) Lift end blanket assemblies, and remove fixed connectors at bottom of doorframes from slots in tent floor. Remove blanket assemblies from tent. (4) Disassembling tent f rame and t ent floor. (a) Remove tent pins from chain footstops at ends of each arch. (b) Remove purlins from arches. (c) Loosen wingnuts from arch clips, and remove arches from tent floor. (d) Remove pins from hinged joints on arches, and fold all arches. (e) Separate floor units by removing the floor locking hooks. e. P ac k ing and Cr ating T ent. (1) Use the floor unit marked "end section complete" as a crate bottom. Fold and place an end blanket assembly in the crate bottom with the window assembly facing up. Place the two end purlins and four tent pins on top of the end blanket. Place an unmarked floor unit on top of the crate bottom, and lock the two floor units together with the locking tool. Pack and crate the other end blanket assembly in the same manner. (2) Use floor unit marked "intermediate section" as a crate bottom. Fold and place two roof blankets in the crate bottom. Place 8 tent pins, 18 arch purlins, 2 guy band assemblies, and 8 floor runners on top of the roof blankets. Place an unmarked floor unit on top of the crate bottom, and lock the two floor units together with the locking tool. Pack and crate the other two roof blankets in the same manner. (3) Place the vestibule door panel on top of the side panel. Place the vestibule end cover and top cover on the door panel. Place the tie angle, electrical outlet and switch assembly, end purlin, top purlin, and end cover retainer on the top cover. Place vestibule floor over the end cover, and band vestibule components together. (4) Band each folded arch at the ends and in the middle to prevent it from unfolding during transit. Section II. SPECIAL PURPOSE TENTS 15. Tent, Maintenance, Shelter a. Use. The tent, maintenance, shelter, FWWMR, OD, complete with frame and pins (fig. 73), is designed to furnish shelter for tank and truck maintenance crews and their equipment. b. Description. The tent is an A-shaped, rectangular, square-end tent, and is erected over a box steel frame. (1) Tabulated data. Height: 13 feet 11 VI 6 inches at the ridge; sidewall height, 5 feet 85/s inches. Length: 26 f eet 91;2 inches. Width: 18 feet 21;4, inches. Weight: tent, 500 pounds; frame, 755 pounds. Cube: 84 cubic feet. Floorspace: 486.8 square feet. (2) Materials. The top, sidewalls, and all reinforcements are made of 12.29ounce duck. The sod cloth, which is .291;2 inches wide, is made of 9.85- AGO 54 27A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 40-inch wall line Door lacing line Ventilator Water flap Roof opening Upper draw line Tent frame 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Heater duct flap 24-inch wood tent pin Eave line Lower draw line 16-inch wood tent pin FootstopRoof opening extension flap 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Tent slip Side wall corner lacing line Door fastener Door flap line Door flap Guy line 30-inch wall line 8 Eave 16 Becket lacing Figure 79. Tent, maintenance, shelter. ounce .duck. There are six ground cloths, measuring 4 by 12 feet each, provided with each tent to form a floor. The ground cloths are made of No. 6 duck. (3) Roof opening. A section of the roof of the tent can be lowered by slide fasteners operated by draw lines to give an opening approximately 10 ·by 10 feet through which heavy equipment can be handled by a crane outside the tent. ( 4) V entilation. The tent is equipped with two canvas ventilators, one at each end of the tent near the ridge. (5) H eating. The tent can be heated by an external gasoline tent heater. Four heater duct sleeves are provided. Two duct sleeves are located at the rear bottom corner of each of the two sides of the tent. When the duct sleeves are not in use, they can be covered by canvas heater duct flaps. (6) Cover. The tent is provided with a cover for use when it is in storage or is being transported. c. Pitching. The tent, including the steel frame, can be pitched by 10 men in approximately 75 minutes. (1) Attaching truss braces to truss assemblies (1, fig. 74). Lay out the three truss and wall post assemblies flat on the ground, with wall posts bent inward. Attach a truss brace to the support brackets on sides of each truss. At this point, each truss and wall post assembly will have an A-shaped ap pearance. (2) Attaching ridge assembly to truss assemblies (2, fig. 74). Extend ridge assembly, opened out, over top of truss AGO 5427A 87 and wall post assemblies. Raise trusses at a slight angle and attach to ridge assembly by placing spindles of truss and wall post assemblies through holes in ridge assembly. (3) Attaching tent to top of tent frame (3, fig. 74). Spread tent over top of frame, with truss and wall post assemblies of frame at an angle. Place spindles at top of frame through grommets in tent ridge. Attach guy lines to spindles at front and rear ridge of tent. (4) Attaching ridge knee braces (4, fig. 74). Push frame into an upright position, with wall posts still bent inward. At the same time, place bolts in center of each truss brace into hole at end of each ridge knee brace. (5) Securing roof opening to tent frame (5, fig. 7 4) . Lace retainers of roof opening around trusses and ridge of frame. Lace bottom of roof opening flap to body of tent roof. (6) Rolling wnd tying tent walls and attaching draw lines to slide fasteners (6, fig. 74). (a) Roll up and tie side and front walls of tent. (b) Attach lower draw lines to roof opening slide fasteners. (c) Attach upper draw lines to roof opening slide fasteners. Place upper draw lines so that they go over tent ridge and loose ends fall on other side of tent. (d) Close upper portion of door openings by lacing a door opening lacing line through grommets on sides of each door opening. (7) Raising and securing tent frame (7, fig. 74). (a) With two men at each of the three wall posts, raise one side of tent frame, makin:g sure bolt on each truss assembly is securely inserted in slot of hinge plate on wall post. Then raise other side and lock bolts to hinge plates. (b) Attach eave struts into position by fastening hangers at ends of eave struts around hanger brackets of truss and wall post assemblies. (c) Fasten side knee braces of eave struts to wall posts of truss and wall post assemblies by placing bolt on angle clip of each wall post through hole at end of each side knee brace and tightening nut. (8) Lacing roof opening, securing water flaps, and placing ground cloths (8, fig. 74). (a) On the inside of tent, lace bottom horizontal retainer around eave strut. (b) On the outside of tent, chain-lace beckets at bottom of roof opening extension flap through grommets on eave of tent. (c) On the outside of tent, close water flaps and secure them by tying water flap line at bottom of each water flap tl;trough a becket. (d) Spread ground cloths, three wide and two deep. (9) Securing tent walls and tent wall corners (9, fig. 74). (a) Untie and roll down side and front walls of tent. (b) Close corners of tent by lacing a sidewall lacing line through grommets on each side of wall corners. (c) Drive 16-inch pins and attach footstops. (10) Securing eave lines and guy lines (10, fig. 74). Stake out eave and guy lines with 24-inch pins. Adjust and tighten lines. d. Striking. (1) Unfasten all eave and guy lines and remove all 24-inch pins. (2) Unfasten footstops and remove all 16-inch pins. (3) Unlace sidewall corners of tent. ( 4) Unlace bottom horizontal retainer of tent from eave strut of frame. 88 AGO 5427A 1. ATIACHING TRUSS BRACES TO TRUSS ASSEMBLIES 2. ATIACHING RIDGE ASSEMBLY TO TRUSS ASSEMBLIES TRUSS BRACES TRUSSES AT ANGLE RILV.;E ASSEMBLY 3. ATTACHING TENT TO TOP OF TENT FRAME SPINDLES THROUGH GROMMETS 4. ATTACHING RIDGE KNEE BRACES RIDGE KNEE BRACE RIDGE KNEE BRACE 5. GUY LINES SECURING ROOF OPENING TO TENT FRAME VERTICAL FRAME RETAINERS 6. ROLLING AND TYING TENT WALLS, AND ATTACHING DRAW LINES TO SLIDE FASTENERS UPPER DRAW LINES OVER TENT TO OTHER SIDE UPPER DRAW LINE 7. OPENING FLAP LACING RAISING AND SECURING TENT FRAME SIDE AND FRONT WALLS ROLLED AND TIED 8. LACING ROOF OPENING, SECURING WATER FLAPS, AND PLACING GROUND CLOTHS Figure 74. Steps in pitching tent, maintenance, shelter. (5) Roll up and tie fro nt and sidewalls of (7) With one man at each of the three tent. wall posts, lower one side of tent (6) Remove eave struts and side knee frame by bending wall posts inward; braces. and then lower other side. AGO 5427A 89 9. SECURING TENT WALLS AND TENT WALL CORNERS 10. SECURING EAVE LINES AND GUY LINES CORNER lACING ....,.., Figure 74-Continued. (8) Untie front and sidewalls of tent. (9) Untie lace lines of tent and remove all lashing from around the various sections of frame structure. (10) Open front and rear doors of tent and slide canvas off ridge of tent frame. Carry canvas completely away from frame. (11) Separate frame by reversing procedures used to erect it. e. Folding and Packing. (1) Folding t ent (fig. 75). (a) Fold tent at ridge, with sides and two parts of front and rear ends together. Roll guy lines up and tie. Coil eave lines toward center (1). (b) Place ground cloths on tent just above eave, staggering them to use space to the best advantage. Turn sod cloth in toward eave (2). (c) Fold front and rear ends over toward center (3). (d) Fold ridge at deck to eave (4). (e) Fold deck over sidewalls, and then in half. Coil eave lines in toward center (5). (/) Fold ends toward center, end over end, and place in cover (6). Close cover, folding long flap first, then short flap. Tie cover with two tie lines. (2) Packing f r ame (fig. 76). Pack sections of frame in ·three crates as follows : (a) Crate 1. 1 ridge assembly 2 eave strut assemblies 3 truss braces (b) Crate 2. 1 truss and wall post assembly 2 eave strut assemblies (c) Crate 3. 2 truss and wall post assemblies 16. Tent, Frame-Type, Little John Conditioning System a. Use. The tent, frame-type, Little John conditioning system, FWWMR, OD (fig. 77), is used primarily to condition Little John rockets to a specific temperature range prior to launch. The tent is also used to provide a protected area for servicing and maintaining rocket motors by operating crews. b. D escr iption. The tent is a component of the Little John conditioning system. It consists of an outer fabric, or skin, with attached ridge and eave guy lines and footstops, a sectionalized liner, and a sectionalized aluminum frame assembly. A ground paulin serves as both a AGO 5427A 1. FOLDING AT RIDGE RIDGE--.,.,......-------------~--- ..-. . -00 U. FRONT WAU '---------------Jl EAVE LINES TOWARD CENT£1 2. PLACING GROUND CLOTHS FOLD LINE FOLD LINE GROUND CLOTHS J:1t= 3. FOLDING FRONT AND REAR ENDS OYER 4. FOLDING RIDGE AT DECK TO EAVE FOlDED DECI FOLD LINE SID£ lAW 5. FOLDING DECK OYER SIDE WALLS, THEN IN HALF &. FOLDING ENDS TOWARD CENTER, END OYER END, AND PLACING IN COYER EAVE LINES IN TOWARD CENTII :----------~----------: 1...---------~--------..J ENDS TOWARD CENTII END OYER END FOlD Ulll CENT£1 CJ FOLD LINES 21/2' APART Figure 75. Steps in foUling tent, maintenance, shelter. AGO 6427A CRATE 1 CRATE2 / TRUSS AND WALL POST ASSEMBLY CRATE 3 TRUSS AND WALL POST ASSEMBUES Figure 76. Packing frame of tent, maintenance shelter. floor and heat sealer for the tent. The tent is heated by a 150,000-B.t.u. portable heater. (1) Tabulated data. Height: 8 feet 11.4 inches at the ridge. Length: 24 feet 21f2 inches. Width: 12 feet. Weight: frame, 276 pounds; tent lin er and ground cloth, 17 4 pounds ; tent outer fabric, 107 pounds; tent pins, 51 pounds; heater and gaso line engine, 3451.4 pounds. Cube: 64 cubic feet. Floorspace: 288 square feet. (2) Material. The outer fabric of the tent is made of 8.5-ounce olive green wind-resistant sateen: cloth, FWWMR treated. The outer fabric is issued in one piece and is designed to form two end sections and one center section. (3) Doors. The tent has a vehicle door at each end. The doors, when closed, are ·secured by slide fasteners, wood toggles and toggle loops, and footstops attached to tent pins. When open, the doors are rolled up and secured by tie tapes. (4) Heating. The tent is heated by a 150,000-B.t.u. gasoline burning, skidmounted, portable unit. The unit consists of a two-cylinder Military Standard gasoline engine, AC (alternating current) generator, heater circulating fan assembly, heater blower, heat exchanger, fuel system, and the controls and instruments necessary for normal operation. (5) Liner. The sectionalized liner is made of insulated fiberglass sewn between two layers of 5.2-ounce natural color oxford cotton material. It consists of two end sections and an intermediate section. Each liner end section contains a vehicle door and heater duct sleeves that conform with those in the tent outer fabric. Liner sections are joined with metal snap fasteners. The liner is secured to the tent frame with tie tapes, tielines, and metal arch hooks. ( 6) Ground paulin. The ground paulin is made of 14.5-ounce olive green, vinyl coated cotton duck material. The paulin is secured to the tent frame with tielines. (7) Covers. The tent is provided with four tent covers for the outer fabric, tent liner, and ground paulin. A fabric frame cover reinforced with plywood AGO 5427A 1 Ridge guy lines 5 Toggle loops 2 Tent outer fabric, or skin 6 Wood toggles 3 Eave guy lines 7 Footstops 4 Heater duct sleeves 8 Vehicle door Figure 77. Ten t, frame-type, lightweight, insulated, Little John conditioning system. is provided for the sectionalized tent frame. c. Ground Plan. Before pitching the tent, study the ground plan carefully (fig. 78). d. Pitching. The tent and its allied equipment can be pitched by four men in approximately 15 minutes. (1) Assembling frame components (fig. 79). (a) Lay out all frame components in area selected for erection of the tent. ( b) Unbuckle arch binding straps and open all arch assemblies. Raise center joint of each arch assembly and lock roof segments in position with quick-release pin and chain assemblies. (c ) Install an arch header assembly on each arch assembly just above t he eave joints with the quick-release pin and chain assemblies. (d) Raise peaks of two arch assemblies AGO 5427A and insert end studs of a purlin assembly in arch key lock slots near peak of arches. Turn purlin approximately one-fourth of a turn and insert studs of captive diagonal braces into slots of arch, assemblies. Turn shackles at ends of braces, one-fourth of a turn to the right, and press down or up on shackles to lock them in place. (e) Install purlin assemblies at eaves and bases of arch assemblies as described in (d) above. (f) Install remaining purlin assemblies on remaining arches· as described in (d) and (e) above. (2) Installing liner sections and tent outer fabric on frame assembly (fig. 80). (a) Place covered liner sections under frame in their respective positions. Open covers ( 1) . (b) Clip liner section arch hooks to roof segments of arch assemblies. LOCATION OF TENT PIN, 12 EACH r---8·-----1 • • • T 5~6" 21" [ 1 • 8~8" .1 • 12'-2" 124' LTENT AREA 4A-37-32 Figure 78. Ground plan for tent, frame-type, lightweight, insulated, Little John conditioning system. Loop each liner section ridge tie (d) Raise both sides of frame at eave lines over ridge purlin, reeve free joints and lock joints in place with ends of lines through liner section quick-release pin and chain assemloop eyes, and tie the lines securely blies (4). with two half hitches around the (e) Roll tent outer fabric down sides purlin assemblies. Attach liner secof frame to tent eaves, install and tion eave tie lines to eave purlins tighten anchor plates to eave posts with two half hitches (2). of frame (5), place eave grommets (c) Place folded outer fabric on ridge over eave posts (5), pull sides of of frame assembly. Place end ridge outer fabric to ground level, and grommet of outer fabric on end tuck sod cloths under purlin assemarch assembly ridge post. Unroll blies at base of frame. outer fabric down ridge of frame, (/) Loop ridge guy lines over end ridge placing outer fabric ridge grommets posts of frame assembly. on ridge posts of frame assembly (g) Wrap outer fabric bottom attach(3). ing flaps over bottom purlins, and AGO 5427A 4A·37·3l Figure 79. Assembling frame components of tent, frame-type, lightweight, Little John conditioning system. loop and secure lines to S-hooks e. Striking. attached to upper side flaps (6). (1) Removing tent outer fabric and liner (h) Clip remaining liner arch hooks sections from frame assembly. to frame assembly. Tie liner assem(a) Untie and remove ground paulin bly tapes to tapes at bottom edge of lines from arch assemblies. tent outer fabric. Fasten all snap (b) Untie bottom of liner sections from fasteners where sectionalized liner bottom of tent outer fabric. joins together on interior of tent. (c) Untie and remove outer fabric bot (i) Spread ground paulin on floor of tom attaching flaps from upper side tent and tie paulin lines to bottoms flaps. of arch assemblies. Turn paulin (d) Unfasten liner assembly joints and edges up so that they are flush remove arch hooks from segments against liner sections to provide a of frame. heat seal for the tent. (e) Remove footstops from steel pins, (j) Anchor arches to the ground with and remove footstop pins and pins steel tent pins, and drive pins securing arch assemblies to the through footstops at bottom edges ground. Remove guy lines from tent end sections. guy-line pins, and remove guy-line (k) Drive guy-line pins into ground pins. according to ground plan. Secure (f) Raise sides of tent outer fabric over ridge and eave guy lines to pins. eave purlin assemblies and remove AGO 5427A 95 INTERMEDIATE LINER SECTION EAVE TIE LINES Figure 80. Installing liner sections and tent outer fabric on frame of tent, frame-type, lightweight, insulated, Little John conditioning system. AGO 6427A TENT OUTER FABRIC POSITIONED ON RIDGE OF FRAME ASSEMBLY Figure SO-Continued. Figure SO-Continued. AGO 5427A SOD CLOTH Figure SO-Continued. AGO 5427A tent grommets and anchor plates overlaps tent ridge by approximate from eave posts of frame. (g) Untie and remove tie lines of liner end and intermediate sections from eave purlins. (h) Remove pin and chain assemblies from eave joints on one side of frame, and lower side of frame to the ground. Lower other side of frame in the same manner. (i) Place tent guy lines on tent roof, fold vehicle doors on roof of outer fabric, and fold bottom edge of each side of tent to eave purlins and to tent ridge so that each side CD ly 15 inches (1, fig. 81). (j) Lift grommet at one end of tent off ridge post, and fold outer fabric down ridge of frame. Place folded outer fabric on cover, and close and secure tent cover (2, fig. 81). (k) Untie ridge tielines securing. liner sections to ridge purlins. (2) Disassembling sectionalized frame. (a) Remove purlin assemblies attached at ridge, eaves, and base of frame assembly. (b) Remove arch header assemblies 4A·37-26 Figure 81. Folding outer fabric of tent frame-type, lightweight, insulated, Little John conditioning system. AGO 5427A FOLDED TENT OUTER FABRIC, OR SKIN PROTECTIVE COVER 4A-37-75 Figw·e 81-Continued. from arches, and remove pin and chain assemblies at peak of arches. f. Folding and Packing. (1) Packing sectionalized fram e (fig. 82). (a) Fold arch assemblies, and secure each with attached binding strap and buckle. (b) Stow all components of the frame and all steel tent pins in the frame cover. Close and secure frame cover with cover straps and buckles. (2) Folding sectionalized liner assembly and ground paulin (fig. 83). (a) Lay out end section of liner, inside up, and fold vehicle door back on roof section (1). (b) Fold sides to center of roof section, and then fold one side over the other to form a bundle approximately 30 inches in width and 8 feet in length (2). (c) Fold folded liner section in thirds lengthwise, and place folded liner section on cover marked "END LINER" (3). Fold cover ends over liner section and secure with tie lines. (d) Fold and pack other liner end section as described in (a) through (c) above. (e) Fold intermediate liner section as described in (b) and (c) above. (f) Place folded intermediate liner section on its cover, fold ground paulin to size of folded intermediate liner section, and place folded paulin on top of folded intermediate liner section. Fold protective cover over bundle and tie securely. 17. Tent, Frame-Type, Balloon Inflation, M-1957 a. Use. The tent, frame-type, balloon inflation, M-1957, FWWMR, OD, complete with frame and pins (5, fig. 85), is used to provide shelter during the inflation and preparation for launching of meteorological balloons in moderately high winds. b. Description. The tent is rectangular shaped ~th an arched top. It is designed so that all closures, openings, and points of ground contact will neither dissipate heat nor reveal light. The tent is suspended beneath a laminated wood frame by webbing straps with buckles. The frame consists of 3 sectional arches, 20 aluminum purlins, and 4 end braces. Each sectional arch consists of two lower arch segments (straight) and two upper arch segments (curved), which are hinged together for assembly of the arches. (1) Tabulated data. Height: 12 feet 10 inches. Length : 15 feet 1% inches. Width: 14 feet. Weight: tent, 225 pounds, frame, 550 pounds; container, 155 pounds. Cube : 56.5 cubic feet. Floorspace: 210 square feet. (2) Materials. The tent is made of 9.85ounce cotton duck, FWWMR. (3) Doors. The tent has a door at each end which opens to its full height by means of a slide fastener in the center, operated by ropes. Ropes threaded through D-rings sewn to reinforced webbing on each side of the door are attached to the slide fastener so that the door is draped back to open the entire end of the tent and allow exit of the inflated balloon. ( 4) Windows. Two flexible vinyl plastic windows with plastic insect AGO 5427A PROTECTIVE COVER FOR FABRIC COMPONENTS FRAME COMPONENTS ® LIFTING HANDLES 4A-37-25 Figure 82. Packing frame of tent, frame-type, lightweight, insulated, Little John conditioning system. screens and blackout flaps, are located (7) Cover. The tent is provided with a on each side of the tent. cover for use when it is ·in storage or (5) Ventilation. The t ent has a ventilator is being transported. The cover is on the front end near the top. A venmade of 9.85-ounce cotton duck and tilator hood with hood line is attached has an identification label and label on the outside of the tent. of erection instructions sewn on the inside. (6) Heating. The tent can be heated by an external gasoline tent heater. A c. Accessories. The following are used with heater duct is located at the lower the balloon inflation tent: left front corner of the tent. (1) Pins. AGO 5427A I I III I I \ I I1) I I VEHICLE DOOR T 1- L...L..J L..L..J ........ o6 Steps in folding liner assembly and ground paulin of tent frame-type, Figure 89. lightweight, insulated, Little John conditioning system. AGO 6427A ---------------------------------------------~ f+-----10'-----+1 r l 10' 10' 60"--+i 15'-13/'"l ...------15'-0"------+i LEGEND D PIN (16'1 e PIN 124i GUY LINES Figure 84. Ground plan of tent, frame-type, balloon inflation, M-1957. (a) Twenty-two 16-inch wood. (b) Six 24-inch wood. (c) Twelve 12-inch steel. (2) Lines. (a) Twenty 1;4-inch diameter (footstops). (b) Two 13-foot, sewed one end, 5{6inch diameter, one end with eye. (c) Six 15-foot, sewed one end, %-inch diameter, one end with eye. (d) Four 24-foot, unfinished, lfs-inch diameter. d. Ground plan. Before .pitching the tent, study the ground plan carefully (fig. 84). e. Pitching. The tent can be pitched by four men in approximately 30 minutes. A label of erection instructions is sewn on the inside rear of the tent. (1) Preliminary procedure (1, and 2, fig. 85). (a) Assemble the three arches and place in the position shown in 1, figure 85. (b) Spread the tent, with the doors securely fastened, in the rear arch. AGO 5427A (c) Fasten the tent to the rear arch as far down as the fifth strap before attaching the center arch. (d) Follow the same procedure to fasten the middle of the tent to the center and front arch. Keep the arches even as shown in 2, figure 85. (2) Hoisting procedure (3, fig. 85). (a) Take four of the 15-foot guy lines and hook together to form two hoisting lines. (b) Attach a hoisting line to each end arch at the top and the center. (c) Attach the ventilator hook line to the ventilator hood. (d) Drive a 24-inch pin approximately 14 feet out from, and on the center of, each end. (e) Attach a hoisting line to each pin. (f) Use the hoisting line to pull the front arch up and over until the center arch is in an upright position. (g) Tie off the hoisting lines at both ends to hold in position. (3) Raising ends of tent (4, fig. 85). (a) Adjust the hoisting lines to allow the arches to swing up and out. (b) Lift the end arches and walk out until they are upright. ( 4) Installitrtg purlins (5, fig. 85). (a) Install the purlins by beginning at the bottom of the frame and working upward. (b) After purlins are installed, fasten all purlin securing straps. (5) Securing tent to ground (5, fig. 85). (a) Lift arches and place footplates in position. (b) Drive 24-inch guy-line pins according to the ground plan. (c) Detach hoisting lines. (d) Hook guy lines to D-rings on the frame, and tie to the 24-inch pins. (e) Insert center footstop pin at each end, and drive remaining footstop pins according to the ground plan. (f) Attach footstops to pins. (g) Aline arches according to the ground plan, and then drive 12-inch pins through the holes in the footplates. f. Striking. (1) Make sure doors are securely fastened. (2) Detach footstops from pins, and then remove footstop pins and footplate pins. (3) Unfasten all purlin securing straps. ( 4) Unfasten arch securing straps and let the tent drop to the ground. (5) Remove ventilator hood line and move the tent from the framework by lifting. Do not drag the tent. ( 6) Remove all guy lines and pins. (7) Start at the top and remove all purlins between the center and front arches, and then lower the front arch to a horizontal position. (8) Repeat the above procedure for purlins between the center and rear arches, and then lower the arches to a horizontal position. (9) Disassemble the arches. g. Folding and Packing. (1) Folding tent. (a) Lay the tent out flat. (b) Fold the tent accordion style so that the middle section rests between the two end sections. (c) Fold the tent further to form a bundle approximately 3 feet long, 2% feet wide, and 1 foot high. (d) Exercise care during all folding operations so that the hardware, guy lines, windows, and slide fasteners are well protected within the folds and all air is expelled. (e) Place bundled tent into canvas cover and close the cover by securing it with straps and loops. (2) Packing arches and purlims. (a) Fold the three arches to their smallest dimension. (b) Wire the components of each arch together with strong wire. (c) Bundle the purlins together and wire securely at three points. AGO 5427A 1. ASSEMBLING ARCHF.S AND FASTENING TENT TO REAR ARCH 2. FASTENING TENT TO CENTER AND FRONT ARCHES UI:H SI:CUIIIIC SlllP 3. HOISTING PROCEDURES 4. RAISING END OF TENT IIOISTIII lJI( YOOIUTOI HOOOLIII£ 5. INSTALLING PURLINS, SECURING FOOTPLATES AND FOOTSTOPS, AND DRIVING PiNS PURl.ll SI:CUIIM5 SlW 4H2 Figure 85. Steps in pitching tent, frame-type, balloon inflation, M-1957. AGO 5427A A. Rear view B. Side view Figure 86. Tent, maintenance, missile test shop, Hawk Missile System. 106 AGO 54~7A 18. Tent, Maintenance, Missile Test Shop, Hawk Missile System a. Use. The tent, maintenance, missile test shop (fig. 86), is designed to provide environmental protection to personnel during operations and maintenance of radar equipment related to the Hawk Missile System. b. Description. The tent is supported by a lightweight aluminum tubular frame, which is attached to the trailer containing the electronic equipment. The tent is provided with two windows, a personnel access door, and two heater duct sleeves. Each side of the tent is designed for vertical adjustment to suit existing ground conditions. (1) Tabulated data. Height: front height, 5 feet; rear height, 8 feet 7 inches. Length: 6 feet. Width: 8 feet 10 inches. Weight: 50 pounds. Cube : 3 cubic feet. Floors pace: 40 square feet. (2) Material. The tent fabric is made of 9-ounce olive green wind-resistant cotton sateen cloth, FWWMR treated. (3) Door. The personnel access door is a curved slide fast ene·r located at the right rear of the tent. ( 4) Windows. A window assembly is located on each side of the tent. (5) Heating. The tent is heated by an external heater. Heater duct sleeves are located in the rear of the tent to accommodate the heater ducts. (6) Cable socks. Cable socks are provided at the top rear of the tent to accommodate the necessary electrical cables for the equipment. (7) Cover. A cover is provided for the tent and frame. c. Pitching. Level the test shop trailer, remove the necessary cables from the electrical equipment cabinet, and close the cabinet cover before pitching the tent. (1) Attaching f rame to missile t est shop cabinet (fig. 87). AGO 6427A (a) Insert tent inner top support in sleeve of tent, and bolt inner top support to the top of the electrical equipment cabinet. (b) Fold the tent on top of the electrical equipment cabinet, and insert the end top supports into the inner top support elbows. (c) Insert the free ends of the end top supports into the elbows of the outer top support. (d) Insert the diagonal end supports into the support brackets on the trailer, and insert the opposite ends of the diagonal end supports into the outer support tee couplings. ( e) Tighten all screws in the tent frame. (2) Attaching tent to frame. (a) Place the tent over the frame, and secure it to the frame with the tiedown straps located on the inside of the tent. (b) Attach the walls of the tent to the turnlock fasteners on the electrical equipment cabinet and trailer. (3) S ecuring tent to the ground. (a) Drive footstop tent pins into the ground directly under the frame outer supports and the front of the electrical equipment cabinet. (b) Secure tent footstops to footstop pins and adjust the ground-line adjusting lines (A, fig. 86) for existing ground conditions. (c) Pull sod cloth away from the tent, arrd weight the cloth down with rocks, dirt, snow, or other available material. (d) Reinstall necessary cables through the tent cable socks (A, fig. 86). Tighten cable sock drawstrings around cables. d. Striking. (1) Remove footstops from footstop pins, and remove all tent pins. (2) Release the turnlock fasteners, and remove the walls of the tent from the electrical equipment cabinet and trailer. INNER TOP END TOP TENT FOLDED SUPPORT ELBOW SUPPORT OUTER TOP SUPPORT ELBOW OUTER TOP SUPPORT OUTER SUPPORT TEE COUPLING 4A-37-22 Figure 87. Attaching frame of tent, maintenance, missile test shop, to missile test shop cabinet, (3) Remove the tent from the frame, and fold the tent on top of the electrical equipment cabinet. (4) Remove end top supports from the inner and outer top support elbows. (5) Remove outer top support from diagonal end supports. (6) Remove diagonal end supports from the support brackets on the trailer. (7) Remove the tent inner top support from the top of the electrical equipment cabinet. e. Folding (fig. 88). ( 1) Close personnel access door and lay tent out flat, inside up. (2) Fold tent sides onto the tent, and roll tent toward inner top support. Insert AGO 5427A Figure 88. Folding tent, maintenance, missile test shop. a section of the frame with each roll. Insert the hardware bag before the last roll of the tent. (3) Place rolled tent on cover, and secure cover with the provided ropes. 19. Tent, Pulse Acquisition Radar, Front, Hawk Missile System a. Use. The tent, pulse acquisition radar, front (fig. 89), is designed to provide environmental protection to personnel during operations and maintenance of radar equipment related to the Hawk Missile system. b. Description. The tent is supported by a lightweight aluminum tubular frame, which is attached to the trailer containing the electronic equipment. The tent is provided with two windows, a personnel access door, and two heater duct sleeves. Adjusting lines are provided on all sides of the tent to adjust the tent to suit ground conditions. (1) Tabulat ed data. Height: front height, 6 feet 3 inches; rear height, 7 feet 8 inches. Length: 6 feet 8 inches. Width: 8 feet. Weight: 50 pounds. Cube: 4 cubic feet. Floorspace: 40 square feet. (2) Material. The tent fabric is made of 9-ounce olive green wind-resistant cotton sateen cloth, FWWMR treated. (3) Door. The personnel access door is a curved slide fastener located on one side of the tent. (4) Windows. A window assembly is located on each side of the tent. (5) Heating. The tent is heated by an external heater. Heater duct sleeves are located in the rear of the tent to accommodate the heater ducts. {6) Cover. A cover is provided for the tent and frame. c. Pitching. Before pitching the tent, level the radar trailer. (1) Attaching frame and tent to the radar and radar tmiler (fig. 90). (a) Bolt tent inner top support to the top of the receiver-transmitter cabinet. (b) Attach the outer top support to the inside of the tent, using the tiedown tabs provided. (c) Insert the lunette support into the outer support tee coupling. (d) Hold the lunette support in a vertical position, and insert the spindle of each diagonal side support through the tent grommets and into the hole at the front of each Uchannel of the trailer. (e) Insert the free ends of the diagonal side supports into the elbows of the outer top support. {f) Insert the free end of the lunette support into the lunette of the trailer until the stop pin rests on the lunette. (g) Tighten all screws in the tent frame. (h) Attach the short wall to the pallet, using the snap fasteners, and around each trailer drawbar, using the slide fasteners. (i) Tighten tie tape drawstrings to openings in the leveling jacks. (j) Attach the tent sidewalls to the receiver-transmitter cabinet turnlock fasteners. (2) Securing tent to the ground. (a) Drive footstop tent pins into the ground directly under the frame outer supports and the front of the receiver-transmitter cabinet, and secure tent footstops to footstop pins. AGO 5427A 109 DOOR SLIDE·IN POCKET LEVELING JACK 4A·37-19 A. Rear view B. Side view Figure 89. Tent, pulse acquisition radar, front, Hawk Missile system. AGO 5427A OUTER TOP SUPPORT ELBOW Figure 90. Pi tching tent, pulse acquisition mdwr, front, Hawk Missile system. (b) Drive guy-line tent pins into the ground, and attach and tighten guy lines to pins (fig. 89). (c) Pull sod cloth away from the tent, and weight the cloth down with rocks, dirt, snow, or other available material (fig. 89). (d) When the receiver-transmitter doors are opened, the door slide-in pockets, located above each tent window, AGO 5U7A 111 receive the door slide ends (B, fig. 89). d. Stri king. Before striking the tent, make sure the receiver-transmitter .door is closed. (1) Remove footstops and guy lines from tent pins, and remove all tent pins from the ground. (2) Release sidewall slide fasteners from around trailer drawbars. (3) Untie and remove tie tape drawstrings from openings in leveling jacks. ( 4) Remove tent sidewalls from radar cabinet turnlock fasteners. (5) Remove lunette support from trailer lunette and from outer top support. ( 6) Remove diagonal side supports from trailer U-channels and from outer top support. (7) Unfasten tent tiedown tabs, and remove top outer support from the tent. (8) Remove tent inner top support from the top of the radar set group cabinet, and remove the tent from the radar. e. Folding (fig. 88). (1) Close all slide fasteners and lay tent out flat, inside up. (2) Fold tent sides onto the tent, and roll tent toward inner top support. Insert a section of the frame with each roll. Insert the hardware bag before the last roll of the tent. (3) Place rolled tent on cover and secure cover with the provided ropes. 20. Tent, Pulse Acquisition Radar, Aft, Hawk Missile System a. Use. The tent, pulse acquisition radar, aft (fig. 91), is designed to provide environmental protection to personnel during operations and maintenance of radar equipment related to the Hawk Missile system. b. Description. The tent is supported by a lightweight aluminum tubular frame, which is attached to the trailer containing the electronic equipment. The tent is provided with t wo windows, a personnel access door, and two heater duct sleeves. Adjusting lines are provided on all sides of the tent to adjust the tent to suit ground conditions. (1) T abulated data. Height: front height, 5 feet; rear height, 8 feet 7 inches. Length: 4 feet. Width: 8 feet. Weight: 40 pounds. Cube: 3.5 cubic feet. Floorspace: 26 square feet. (2) Material. The tent fabric is made of 9-ounce olive green wind-resistant cotton sateen cloth, FWWMR treated. (3) Door . The personnel access door is a curved slide fastener located at the rear of the tent. (4) W indows. A window assembly is located on each side of the tent. (5) H eating. The tent is heated by an external heater. Heater duct sleeves are located in the rear of the tent to accommodate the heater ducts. (6) Cove r. A cover is provided for the tent and frame. c. Pi tching. Before pitching the tent, level the radar trailer. (1) Attaching f rame and t ent to the radar and radar trai ler . (a) Bolt tent inner top support to the top of the radar set group cabinet. (b) Attach the outer top support to the inside of the tent, using the tiedown tabs provided. (c) Insert the diagonal side supports into the outer top support elbows and tighten the elbow screws. (d) Insert the spindle end of each diagonal side support through the tent grommets and into the hole on each end of the rear U-channels of the pallet. (e) Attach tent short wall to the pallet turnlock fasteners. (f) Attach the tent sidewalls to the radar set group cabinet turnlock fasteners. AGO 5427A HEATER DUCT OPENING GROUND-LINE ADJUSTING LINE ® ....._SOD CLOTH 4A-37-17 A. Rear view B. Side view Figure 91. Tent, pulse acquisition radar, aft, Hawk Missile system. AGO 5427A 113 (2) Securing tent to the ground. (a) Drive footstop tent pins into the ground directly under the frame outer supports and the front of the radar set group cabinet, and secure tent footstops to footstop pins. (b) Pull sod cloth away from the tent, and weight the cloth down with rocks, dirt, snow, or other available material. (c) When the radar set group doors are opened, the ·door slide-in pockets, located above each tent window, receive the door slide ends. d. Striking. Before striking the tent, make sure the radar set group cabinet is closed. (1) Remove footstops from footstop pins, and remove the pins from the ground. (2) Remove tent short wall and tent sidewalls from tu·rnlock fasteners. (3) Remove diagonal side supports from U-channels of the pallet and from the tent outer top support. ( 4) Unfasten tent tiedown tabs, and remove the top outer support from the tent. (5) Remove the tent inner top support from the top of the radar set group cabinet, and remove the tent from the radar. e. Folding (fig. 88). ( 1) Close personnel access door and lay tent out flat, inside up. (2) Fold tent sides onto the tent, an:d roll tent toward inner top support. Insert a section of the frame with each roll. Insert the hardware bag before making the last roll of the tent. (3) Place rolled tent on cover and secure cover with the provided ropes. 21. Console Tent, Hawk Missile System, Range Only Radar, CW Acquisition and CW Illuminator a. Use. The console tent, Hawk Missile system, range only radar, CW acquisition and CW illuminator (fig. 92), is designed to provide environmental protection to personnel during operations and maintenance of radar equipment related to the Hawk Missile system. b. Description. The tent is supported by a lightweight aluminum tubular frame, which is attached to the trailer containing the electronic equipment. The tent is provided with two windows, a personnel access door, and two heater duct sleeves. Adjusting lines are provided on all sides of the tent to adjust the tent to suit ground conditions. (1) Tabulated data. Height: front height, 2 feet 5 inches; rear height, 8 feet 3 inches. Length: 6 feet 9 inches. Width: 8 feet 3 inches. Weight: 60 pounds. Cube: 4 cubic feet. Floorspace: 55.7 square feet. (2) Material. The tent fabric is made of 9-ounce olive green wind-resistant cotton sateen cloth, FWWMR treated. ('3) Door. The personnel access door is a curved slide fastener located on one side of the tent. (4) Windows. A window assembly is located on each side of the tent. (5) Heatirng. The tent is heated by an external heater. Heater duct sleeves are located in the rear of the tent to accommodate the heater ducts. (6) Cover. A cover is provided for the tent and frame. c. Pitching. Before pitching the tent, level the radar trailer. ( 1) Attaching frame to radar set group cabinet (fig. 93). (a) Bolt inner top support on top of the radar set group cabinet. (b) Fold the tent on top of the radar set group cabinet, insert the side top supports into the inner top Sl,IPport elbows, and tighten the elbow screws. (c) Install tee coupling and elbows onto outer top support, and insert the free ends of the side top supports into the outer top support elbows. Tighten elbow screws. AGO 5427A ® A. Rear view B. Side view Figure 92. Console tent, Hawk Missile system, range only radar, CW acquisition and CW illuminator. AGO 5427A 115 LUNEITE SUPPORT 4A-37-15 Figure 93. Attaching frame of console tent, Hawk Missile system, range only radar, CW acquisition and CW illuminator, to radar set group cabinet. (d) Insert the round end of the lunette support into the tee coupling of the outer top support, and tighten the tee coupling screw. (e) Insert the flat end of the lunette support into the lunette bracket, and engage the slot of the lunette support over the pin of the lunette bracket. (2) Attaching tent to frame (fig. 92). (a) Place the tent over the frame, and secure it to the frame with the tiedown straps located on the inside top edges of the tent. (b) Attach the walls of the tent to the turnlock fasteners on the radar set group cabinet and trailer. (c) Attach the short wall to the sidewall of the tent by means of the slide fastener. (3) Securing tent to the ground (fig. 92). (a) Drive footstop tent pins into the AGO 5427A ground directly under the frame outer supports and the front of the equipment cabinet. (b) Secure the tent footstops to the footstop pins and adjust the groundline adjusting lines for existing ground conditions. (c) Drive guy-line tent pins into the ground, and at tach and tighten guy lines to pins. (d) Pull sod cloth away from the tent, and weight the cloth down with rocks, dirt, snow, or other available material. d. Striking. Before striking the tent, close the radar set group cabinet cover. (1) Remove footstops and guy lines from tent pins, and remove all tent pins from the ground. ROTOR BLADE SLEEVE (2) Release the turnlock fasteners and slide fasteners, and remove the walls of the tent from the radar set group cabinet and trailer. (3) Release the tiedown straps and remove the tent from the tent supports. ( 4) Remove the lunette support from the lunette and outer top support. (5) Remove the side top supports. (6) Remove tent inner top support from the top of the radar set group cabinet, and remove the tent from the radar. e. Folding (fig. 88). ( 1) Close all slide fasteners and lay tent out fiat, inside up. (2) Fold tent sides onto the tent, and roll the tent toward the inner top support. VENTILATOR SCREEN \ 4A·37-14 F igure 94. T ent, aviation maintenance, small. AGO 5427A Insert a section of the frame with each roll; insert the hardware bag before the last roll of the tent. (3) Place rolled tent on cover and secure cover with the provided ropes. 22. Tent, Aviation Maintenance, Small a. Use. The tent, aviation maintenance, small (fig. 94), is designed to provide all-weather environmental protection to personnel performing maintenance on 0-1, U-6A, and OH-13 aircraft. b. Description. The tent is rectangular shaped with an arched top, and consists of an aluminum frame, a roof and end assembly, a tent liner, and three end closures for use, as appropriate with the 0-1, U-6A, or OH-13. (1) Tabulated data. Height: 12 feet. Length: 10 feet. Width : 12 feet. Weight: tent fabric, 121 pounds; tent frame, 240 pounds. Cube: 26.8 cubic feet. Floorspace: 120 square feet. (2) Mat erial. The tent outer fabric, and the three end closures, are made of 13-to 15-ounce neoprene-hypaloncoated polyester cloth. (3) Door. The personnel door is a curved slide fastener located in the rear of the tent. When closed, the door is further secured with toggle chapes and wood toggles. A blackout curtain for the personnel door is sewn to the inside of the tent. ( 4) End closures. The tent is provided with end closures (figs. 98, 99, and 100) to accommodate the 0-1, U-6A, and OH-13 aircraft. Each end closure consists of a slide fastener around the side and roof edges; an aircraft closure opening, and two tent guy lines. (5) Ventilation. The tent has two ventilators, one located at each side of the tent. Each ventilator assembly consists of a cloth netting insect screen, a U-shaped ventilator flap, and two ventilator guy lines. A window assembly is installed in each ventilator flap. The flaps are attached at the top to the tent sidewalls and are secured at the sides and bottom with slide fasteners, toggle chapes, and wood toggles. (6) Windows. There are two window assemblies on the rear of the tent and a window assembly on each tent ventilator flap. Each window assembly at the rear of the tent consists of a plastic window screen, a vinyl plastic windowpane, and a canvas blackout flap. The window assemblies on the ventilator flaps consist of a vinyl plastic windowpane, and a canvas blackout flap. The windowpane is attached at the top to the wall or ventilator flap and is secured at the sides and bottom by a slide fastener. The slide fastener may be unfastened and the windowpane rolled up and tied at the top with tie tapes. When the blackout flap is in use, it is secured by tying tie tapes at the two sides and at the bottom; when not in use, it is rolled up and tied at the top with tie tapes. (7) Lin er. The tent is also equipped with a 5.2-ounce cotton sheeting tent liner. The liner provides insulation from the cold in winter and reduces radiation from the sun in summer. The liner is secured to the tent frame with tie tapes. (8) H eating. The tent is heated by an exterior 150,000-B.t.u. duct-type portable gasoline heater. Two heater duct sleeves are located in the rear of the tent. (9) Blower. A Ya-horsepower electric fan is used for operating the tent under blackout conditions in oppressive heat. The fan is placed inside the tent and one of the heater duct sleeves is fitted to the fan intake; the other heater duct sleeve is tied closed. (10) Covers. Two bag-type tent covers are provided for packing the fabric sections of the tent. AGO 5427A c. Pitching. The tent can be pitched by four men in approximately 1 hour. (1) Assembling top portion of frame (fig. 95). (a) Lay out all frame components in area selected for erection of the tent. (b) Assemble the arches by inserting joints of upper arch segments into intermediate arch segments. (c) Assemble the arch purlins by inserting one end of half the purlin into the other half of the purlin and securing the parts together with attached pin and chain assemblies. - INTERMEDIATE ARCH SEGMENT (d) Place the partially assembled arches approximately 10 feet apart, and hold them in an upright position. (e) Attach three purlins to arches by inserting end studs of purlins into arch key lock slots. Turn purlins approximately one-fourth of a turn and insert studs of purlin diagonal braces into slots of arch assemblies. Turn shackles at ends of braces, one-fourth of a turn, and press down or up on shackles to lock them in place. (2) Attaching tent to frame and raising frame (fig. 96). PURLIN PIN AND CHAIN - ASSEMBLY t UPPER ARCH SEGMENT KEY LOCK SLOT 4A-37-13 Figure 95. Top portion of frame assembled (tent, aviation maintenance, small). AGO 5427A ~LOWER ARCH SEGMENT 4A-37-12 Figure 96. Attaching tent to frame and raising frame (tent, aviation maintenance, small). (a) Place roof and end section of tent over the partially assembled tent frame. (b) Insert an arch foot in the bottom end of each lower arch segment. Join the segments together with purlins. (c) Raise one side of frame and insert joints of two lower arch segments, which have been joined together with a purlin, into intermediate arch segments. Lock lower arch seg ments to frame with another purlin. (d) Raise other side of tent as described in (c) above. (3) Securing t ent to frame and f r ame to to ground (fig. 97). (a) Raise arch feet (one at a time) of one arch, and insert hook ends of a cable assembly in arch feet. Adjust arch until cable assembly is tight, and anchor arch feet to the ground with steel tent pins. (b) Secure other arch to the ground as described in (a) above. (c) Attach arch hooks at open end of tent fabric to lower arch segments. (d) Pull sod cloth, at each side of tent, under bottom purlin; wrap purlin flaps over lower purlins; secure lacing line S-hooks in bottom purlin flaps to grommets in top purlin flaps; pull both ends of lacing lines to tighten ; and tie ends of lacing lines to arches. (e) Secure snaps at bottom of end section to ground cable assembly. Pull sod cloth under ground cable. AGO 5427A (f) Insert footstop tent pins through footstops in tent, and drive pins into the ground. (g) Drive an arrowhead ground anchor (para. 29b) into the ground 6 feet diagonally from each corner of the tent. (h) Slip loop and t oggle bar of each guy assembly through a tent guy-line sleeve, pass loop around arch and over purlin inside the tent, and slip toggle bar thr ough loop to secure guy line to tent frame (1, fig. 55). (i) Attach guy assembly S-hook to ground anchor loop, adjust guy assembly for proper tension, and close guy assembly toggle (2, fig. 55). (J') Measure out 6 feet from the bottom of the tent end section, in line with the end assembly guy lines, and drive two tent pins into the ground. Attach and tighten guy lines to tent pins (fig. 94). ( 4) Attaching tent liner to inside of tent. (a) Unfold tent liner inside tent so that tie tapes are exposed. (b) Raise liner and tie center row of tie tapes to center purlin at top of tent frame. (c) Tie adjacent rows of tie tapes to lower purlins until liner is secured. (5) Installing wi.ring harness assembly. (a) Attach and secure hanger assembly SNAPS SOD CLOTH ARCH HOOK CABLE ASSEMBLY BOTTOM PURL! NFLAP ARCH FOOT ' 4A·37·11 Figure 97. Securing t ent to frame and frame to ground (tent, aviation maintenance, small). AGO 5427A to either arch, about 4 feet from the ground. (b) Install circuit breaker in hanger assembly. (c) Connect lighting and outlet assembly to cord protruding from top of circuit breaker. Hang lights and power outlets to .desired points in the tent with hanger hooks. (d) Pass cord protruding from bottom of circuit breaker under lowest purlin, and connect the cord to an appropriate outside power source. (6) Attaching an end closure to tent. (a) Close all slide fasteners on end closure. (b) Attach slide fastener chain on end closure to slide fastener chain on exposed end of tent, and close the slide fastener. (c) Secure snaps to D-rings at bottom of each slide fastener. (d) Secure snaps at bottom of end closure to ground cable assembly. (e) Insert footstop tent pins through footstops in end closure, and drive pins into the ground. d. Use of End Closures. (1) Tent section, end closure, 0-1 (fig. 98). (a) Open slide fastener running from aircraft opening to ground cable. (b) Place edges of aircraft opening around 0-1 aircraft, at a point behind the engine cowling, and close Figure 98. Tent section, end closure, o-1 (tent, aviation maintenance, small). AGO 5427A end closure slide fastener. Fasten slide fastener snap to D-ring at bot slide fastener snap to D-ring at bottom of slide fastener. (c) Fasten aircraft opening retainer rings together. (d) Measure out 6 feet from bottom of end closure, in line with end closure guy lines, and drive two tent pins into the ground. Attach and tighten guy lines to tent pins. (2) Tent section, end closure, U-6A (fig. 99). (a) Open slide fastener running from aircraft opening to ground cable. (b) Place edges of aircraft opening around U-6A aircraft, at a point behind engine cowling, and close end closure slide fastener. Fasten tom of slide fastener. (c) Fasten aircraft opening retai~er rings together. (d) Wrap sleeve around engine exhaust manifold, close sleeve slide fastener, and secure sleeve with retainer rings. (e) Measure out 6 feet from bottom of end closure in line with end closure guy lines, and drive two tent pins into the ground. Attach and tighten guy lines to tent pins. (3) T ent section, end closure, OH-13 (fig. 100). (a) Open slide fastener running from bottom edge of end closure to aircraft opening; open slide fastener Figure 99. Tent section, end closure, U-6A (tent, aviation maintenance, small). AGO 6427A running from aircraft opening to rotor blade sleeve. (b) When placing OH-13 aircraft into tent, pass the forward aircraft rotor blade through rotor blade sleeve on end portion of tent roof and end assembly (fig. 94). Secure sleeve around rotor blade with tie tapes. (c) Secure end closure rotor blade sleeve around rear aircraft rotor blade with tie tapes. (d) Close end closure slide fasteners. Secure slide fastener snap to D-ring at bottom of end closure. (e) Secure buckles and tie tapes on flap of aircraft end closure opening. (f) Measure out 6 feet from bottom of end closure, in line with end closure guy lines, and drive two tent pins into the ground. Attach and tighten guy lines to tent pins. e. StTiking. The tent can be struck by four men in approximately 1 hour. (1) Removing end closures. (a) Remove aircraft from tent. (b) Close end closure slide fasteners and flap. (c) Remove guy lines from tent pins, and roll and tie guy lines. Remove tent pins from the ground. (d) Remove footstops from footstop pins, and remove pins from the ground. Figure 100. Tent section end closure, OH-19 (tent, aviation maintenance, small). 124 AGO 5427A (e) Remove snaps from ground cable. (f) Unfasten closure slide fastener from front of tent, and remove closure from tent. (2) R emovitng wiring harness assembly. (a) Disconnect cord connected to power source. (b) Disconnect lighting and outlet assembly from <;ircuit breaker cord and from points within the tent. (c) Remove circuit breaker from hanger, and remove hanger from frame arch. (3) Removing liner. Remove liner from tent by untying tie tapes attached to purlins. ( 4) R emoving guy assemblies. Remove all guy assemblies from ground anchors and from tent frame. Ground anchors are not retrieved. (5) Removing roof and end assembly from tent frame. (a) Remove tent footstops from footstop pins. Remove guy lines from tent, and roll and tie guy lines. Remove tent pins from the ground. (b) Untie lacing lines from arches and remove lacing line S-hooks from grommets in purlin flaps. (c) Remove arch hooks from arches. (d) Remove snaps from ground cable. (e) Close and secure ventilator flaps. (f) Close and secure window assemblies. (g) Close and secure personnel door. (h) Remove roof and end assembly from tent frame. (6) Disassembling tent frames. (a) Remove tent pins from arch feet, lift arch feet (one at a time), and remove ground cables from tent frame. (b) Disconnect purlin diagonal braces from arches, and remove purlins from arches. (c) Disassemble arch purlins. (d) Remove arch feet from arches and disassemble arches. f. Folding and Packing (fig. 101). (1) Fold tent roof and end assembly into a small bundle. Do not fold window assemblies. Place folded tent roof and end assembly in large bag-type cover. Secure cover with drawstrings. (2) Fold tent end closures into small bundles and place them in a small bag-type cover. (3) Fold tent liner into a small bundle and place it in small bag-type cover. Secure cover with drawstrings. (4) Stack arch segments and tie stacks with provided lashing lines. ( 5) Bundle purlin sections and tie bundles with provided lashing lines. (6) Tie arch feet together with provided lashing lines. (7) Bundle tent pins, ground cable assemblies, and guy assemblies together and tie with provided lashing lines. (8) Bundle wiring harness assembly and tie bundle with wiring harness assembly cord. AGO 5427A ARCH SEGMENTS lARGE BAG-TYPE COVER ARCH FEET PURUN SECTIONS WIRING HARNESS ASSEMBlY 4A·37-7 Figure 101. Folding and packing tent, aviation maintenance, small. 126 AGO 5427A CHAPTER 4 MARKERS AND SCREENS 2 3. Large Red Cross Marker a. Use. The large Red Cross marker is used by the Medical Corps. It is designed to be spread flat on the ground to indicate a hospital area. b. DescTiption. The marker is composed of five 20-foot-wide sections made of 9.68-ounce vinyl-coated cotton duck. The marker weighs 1,225 pounds. c. Pitching . Spread sections on ground in proper sequence : end section, intermediate section, center section, intermediate section, and end section. Fasten sections together by inserting pins through overlapping grommets of sections and through grommets around edge of marker so that a large red cross on a white field is formed. d. StTiking. Remove pins and separate sections. e. Folding. (1) Fold each of the five sections separately. Fold each section twice toward center along its long dimension. Then, in 2¥2-foot folds, fold ends of each section toward center. Place each folded section on a cover. (2) Place the 55 pins provided with each section in a pin roll and close roll securely, tying with tie tapes. Place each pin roll, with pins, on top of a folded section. ( 3) Close flaps of each cover securely and tie tielines tightly through grommets, making sure that no part of marker is exposed. 24. Small Red Cross Marker a. Use. The small Red Cross marker (fig. 102) is used by the Medical Corps. It is designed to be lashed down over the ridge of an A-shaped tent (usually a general purpose tent) to indicate the use of that tent for medical purposes. b. DescTiption. The marker is made of 9.68ounce vinyl-coated cotton duck, bearing two red crosses on a white field. The marker weighs 25 pounds and has a cubage in storage of 1.5 cubic feet. The marker is provided with center guy lines, corner guy lines, and tent slips so that it can be lashed down securely. 4A -374 Figure 102. Small Red Cross marker attached to tent, general purpose, larg e. AGO 5427 A 127 c. Pitching. (1) Spread Red Cross marker over roof of tent on which it is to be displayed. Place center of marker over ridge of tent so that one of the Red Cross insignia is on each side of tent roof and one end of each guy line falls to each side of the tent. (2) Spread each side of marker out smooth by adjusting the corner lines. (3) Attach corner guy lines and center guy lines to pins staked out for tent lines. Tighten and adjust corner guy lines and center guy lines by adjusting tent slips. d. Folding. Remove the two center guy lines and the eight corner guy lines from pins. Spread marker flat on ground and coil all lines except two of the corner guy lines at one end of marker. Fold marker twice toward center along its long dimension. Then, in 2%-foot folds, fold ends toward center, and tie with the two corner guy lines. 25. Screen, Latrine a. Use. The screen, latrine, FWWMR, complete with cover, pins, and poles (fig. 103) is issued to units in the field for use as an outdoor latrine. It may also be used by graves registration personnel to conceal remains from view until identifications procedures and preparation of remains for burial have been completed. b. Description. (1) Dimensions. The screen is a canvas panel, 55 feet long and 5 feet 3 inches 1 7-foot tentpole 4 7-foot ridge pole 7 Guy line 2 9-foot ridge pole 5 Entrance 8 16-inch wood tent pin 3 Tie line 6 Tent slip 9 Tie line Figure 103. Screen, latrine. AGO 5427A -----, wide. When erected, the screen is rectangular, (4) Cover. The screen is provided with a 18 feet long, 9 feet wide at one end, and 7 feet cover for use when it is in storage or wide at the other end. The difference in width is being transported. is for the purpose of forming a 2-foot entrance c. Ground Plan. Before pitching screen,on one side of the screen. The entrance side study the ground plan carefully (fig. 104). consists of a 12-foot section and a 9-foot section, which overlap by approximately 3 feet to d. Pitching. The screen can be pitched bygive depth to the entrance. six men in approximately 20 minutes. (2) Floorspace. The floorspace of the (1) Prelim inar y procedure (1, fig. 105). screen, when erected, is approximately (a) Unfold screen and lay it out on 144 square feet. ground, following ground plan. (3) Mat erial. The screen is made of 9.68-Place end having both a long and ounce duck. a short tieline, as differing from the &' .,....,,______9' -----~~-----9'-----""'i -.---)i-r-----... ----- 1' RiDGE POLE T 9' RIDGE POLE 9' RIDGEPOLE 9' o- ------------~, LEGEND G UPRIGHT POLES !11 ---SCREEN !551 II RIDGE POLES (1' AND 91 o PIN (16") Figure 104. Ground plan of scr een, latrine. AGO 5427A 129 end having two short tielines, at inside corner of entrance. (b) Drive a tent pin at inside corner of entrance, following ground plan. Attach short tie line on bottom of screen to this pin. (2) Connecting upright poles to ridge poles (2, fig. 105). (a) Connect two upright entrance poles and one upright side pole to a 9-foot ridge pole. (b) Connect two upright side poles to one 7-foot ridge pole. (c) Connect two upright side poles to one 9-foot ridge pole; before assembling, loop the 11-foot tieline over ridge pole. (3) Raising and securing center poles in position inside screen (3, fig. 105). Raise the three center upright poles connected to the 9-foot ridge pole to a vertical position on inside of screen near center. Hold upright poles in position and drive in two center guyline pins 6 feet from outside door upright pole, according to ground plan. Drive a third guy-line pin 6 feet from upright pole on opposite side of screen and in line with the three upright poles. Place guy lines over these pins and over spindles of upright poles. (4) Raising screen at center (4, fig. 105). Raise screen at center and tie short tielines to center ridge pole so that screen is 6 inches off ground at bottom. (5) Raising end poles at narrow end of screen (5, fig. 105). (a) At narrow end of screen, raise the two end upright poles, connected to the 7-foot ridge pole, to a vertical position. (b) Hold upright poles in position and drive in an end guy-line pin 6 feet from each upright pole, according to ground plan. Place guy lines over these pins and over spindles of upright poles. (c) Raise screen at end and tie short tielines to ridge pole so that screen is 6 inches off ground at bottom. (6) Raising end poles at wide end of screen (6, fig. 105). (a) At wide end of screen, raise two end upright poles connected to the 9-foot ridge pole to a vertical position. (b) Hold upright poles in position and drive in an end guy-line pin 6 feet from each upright pole, accor-ding to ground plan. Place guy lines over these pins and over spindles of upright poles. (c) Raise screen at. end and tie short tielines to ridge pole so that screen is 6 inches off ground at bottom. Adjust and tighten the long (11foot) tieline from top of inside entrance of screen to the end 9-foot ridge pole so that screen is 6 inches off ground at bottom. (7) Securing screen around outside entrance pole (7, fig. 105). Place end of screen around outside entrance upr ight pole and tie short tie line at end of screen to center ridge pole so that screen is 6 inches off ground at bottom. (8) Secu ri.ng bottom of screen (8, fig. 105). Tie all short tie lines at lower edge of screen to upright poles. Adjust and tighten all guy lines. e. Striking. (1) Untie all tie lines on lower edge of screen from upright poles. (2) Untie outside of entrance from center ridge pole. (3) Untie screen at wide end and drop it to the ground. Detach guy lines at wide end, and disassemble ridge pole and two upright poles and place them in a pile to one side. (4) Untie narrow end of screen. Detach guy lines and place ridge pole and upright poles with poles previously placed to one side. (5) Follow same procedure with center ridge pole. Collect the eight tent pins and seven guy lines and place them near ridge poles and upright poles. AGO 5427A 1. PRELIMINARY PROCEDURE 2. CONNECTING UPRIGHT POLES TO RIDGE POLES PIN SHORT TIE LINE LOWER EDGE OF INSIDE CORNER OF ENTRANCE 3. RAISING AND SECURING CENTER POLES GUY LINES 5. RAISING END POLES AT NARROW END OF SCREEN ,M:~ ... >'LINE PIN 7. SECURING SCREEN AROUND OUTSIDE ENTRANCE POLE 4. RAISING SCREEN AT CENTER SHORT TIE LINES 6. RAISING END POLES AT WIDE END OF SCREEN 8. SECURIN BOTIOM OF SCREEN SLIP 4.1·37·71 Figure 105. Steps in pitching screen, latrine. AGO 5427A f. Folding. (1) Place screen flat on ground and smooth it out. (2) Make two folds. To make the first fold, pull one end over the other. Repeat this step, placing folded edge even with the two ends of the screen. Be sure to smooth out canvas after each fold. The screen can be controlled better if the first two folds are made into the wind. (3) Continue folding. Fold either top or bottom edge over one-third of width of screen. Then fold other edge completely over first fold. Put tielines and guy lines inside folds at one end of screen. (4) Form final bundle by making a 2-foot fold from each end of screen toward center. Repeat this step twice, leaving the two folded sections 2 or 3 inches apart. Place one folded section ove:r the other. Place bundle on cover, folding edges of cover in. Tie with cover tielines. AGO 5427A CHAPTER 5 TENT SUPPORT pole is usually fastened to two upright center 26. Types of Tent Frames poles by placing the spindles of the uprightThe types of tent frames described in this poles through holes at the ends of the ridgemanual are the A-shaped frame, the arch pole. shaped frame, and those frames that are at tached to vehicles or trailers. b. Descrilpti on. (1) Poles are made of wood except thea. A-shaped tent frames discussed in the magnesium adjustable telescopic polemanual are made of either steel or aluminum. used in the 10-man arctic tent, smallThis type frame is hinged at the peak and at general purpose tent, and the 5-man the eaves of the arches or truss and wall aslightweight hexagonal tent. semblies. Braces or headers secure the roof (2) Poles may be made of one piece ortrusses or segments in position when the tent they may be made in sections whichis being erected. Purlins, eave strut assemblies, can be joined. and/ or ridge assemblies, connected between arch assemblies or truss and wall assemblies, (3) Each pole or pole section is marked extend the tent frame to the proper length. to show type, length, and section component; for example, "Upright-male b. Arch-shaped tent f rames are made of section for 12 ft. 3 in. pole." Thiseither metal or wood. marking is important and should be (1) The wood frame arches are hinged so taken into consideration in all cases to that arch segments can be folded for make sure that each tent pole is in its transport. Wood purlins, connected proper place. between arches, extend the tent frame (4) When tents are being pitched, the upto the proper tent length. right poles are usually sunk from 2 to (2) The metal frame arch segments are 4 inches into the ground. assembled by inserting one segment end into another segment end and 28. Tent Lines fastening the t wo arch segments to a. Types of Tent Lines. Tent lines may be gether with locking pins, bolts, or made of manila, polyester, or metal. They willpurlins. Metal purlins, connected bealso vary in length from a 19-inch-long foot stop tween arches, extend the tent frame to to a 64-f oot-long guy line. the proper tent length. (1) Manila lines. Exterior lines of most c. The tent frames that are attached to vetents are manila lines. Guy lines of hicles or trailers a·re made of aluminum tubing this type will shrink when wet and, or pipe, and are box-shaped. These frames are as a result, should be loosened during held together by tee couplings, elbows, and rainy weather so that when they bolts. shrink they will not become tight enough to tear the tent. 27. Tentpoles (2) Nylon lines. Nylon lines are normally a. Types of Tentpoles. Tentpoles (fig. 106) found on the interior of tents or on are of two types: upright and ridge. A ridge tent liners. AGO 5427A 133 POLE, TENT, UPRIGHT (WOOD) o f~al I 1·3--~~-ts§:f§Ei~~~ SPINDLE POLE, TENT, TELESCOPIC, ADJUSTABLE {MAGNESIUM) I D~ 0 ~~ ~ I ~b ~ \SPINDL£ POLE, TENT, RIDGE (WOOD) ~0 0~~m E SIDE VIEW HOLE FOR SPINDL£ (:E¥ ~/ BOTTOM VIEW Figure 106. (3) Metal lin es. The metal guy-line assemblies are used with arrowheadtype ground anchors. These assemblies are approximately 11 feet long and consist of a metal cable, metal adjusting beads, a toggle bar, an Shook, and a locking toggle. Adjustment of the guy line is made by sliding the adjusting beads through the locking toggle and then locking the toggle in position. b. Knots. Four knots commonly used in tent pitching are the clove hitch, the round turn and two half hitches, the square knot, and the rolling hitch (fig. 107). (1) Clove hitch. The clove hitch is used to fasten a line to an anchorage. It will tighten as tension is applied, no matter which end of the hitch is pulled. DID VIEW 11011 FDI SPIIIU--t _....:=::::, ~ 0 ~ T entpoles. (2) Round turn and two half hitches. The round turn and two half hitches is used to fasten a line to an anchorage. For permanency, the running end should be seized to the standing part. (3) Square knot. The square knot is used to join two lines of equal size. ( 4) Rolling hitch. The rolling hitch i~ used to fasten one line to another, especially a small line to a larger one. 29. Anchoring Systems a. Tent Pins. (1) Typ es of pins. The types of pins (fig. 108) used with tents described in this manual are the 16-inch, the 24-inch, and the 36-inch wood pins, the 9-inch aluminum pins, and the 12-inch steel 134 AGO 5427A ROUND TURN AND TWO HALF HITCHES CLOVE HITCH SElliNG SQUARE KNOT ROLLING HITCH ,-------STANDING PART STANDING PART PUll Figure 107. Knots used in tent pitching. (2) Method of driving pins. pins. Ordinarily, the 16-inch wood (a) All pins except the 24-inch guy-line pins are used for footstops and the pins, 24-inch eave line pins, and the 24-inch wood pins are used for ridge and guy lines. The 9-inch aluminum 16-inch latrine screen pins are driven vertically into the ground. pins and the 12-inch steel pins are The 24-inch guy-line pins, 24-inch used under cold weather conditions eave line pins, and the 16-inch la and under hard ground conditions. 135 AGO 5427A PIN,TENT,WOOD, 36-INCH ~~-_::-,--;;::.>~ PIN, TENT, WOOD,24-INCH ~.:_=:'_-~::~ PIN, TENT,WOOD, 16-INCH PIN, TENT,AlUMINUM, 9-INCH i" PIN, TENT, STEE~ 12-INCH 4A-373l Figure 108. Tent pins. trine screen pins are driven into the ground at a 60 degree angle, with the top of the pin leaning toward the tent. (b) Wood pins are driven with the notches away from the tent. (c) Steel pins are driven with the rope retainer portion of the pin away from the tent. (d) Aluminum pins are driven with the convex side of the pin away from the tent. b. A1·rowhead Ground Anchors. (1) Description. Arrowhead ground anchors are issued in a kit which also includes a driving rod and a driving rod holder (:fig. 109). (2) Method of driving anchors. The arrowhead ground anchors are driven vertically into the ground for at least 2 feet and not more than 21/2 feet. After the anchor has been driven into the ground, the anchor wire should be given a vigorous tug to upset the anchor in the ground. This action will insure stability of the ground anchor. In arctic regions, steel tent pins are used in lieu of arrowhead ground anchors. 1 Arrowhead ground anchor 2 Driving rod 3 Driving rod holder Figure 109. Ground anchor with driving rod and driving rod holder. 136 AGO 5427A CHAPTER6 SITE SELECTION entirely without crevices, but it is possible to 30. Choosing Tent Site avoid accidents by knowing where they are. The following points should be considered in b. When an adequate site on snow has beenchoosing a tent site: found, pack snow hard by stamping on it with a. The ground should be level and free from skis or snowshoes, or better still, shovel topprojecting tree roots and rocks. When such a snow off until firm snow is found below.spot is not available, a place can often be c. Pitch tent so that entrance is not directly leveled and cleared. In the woods, moss and rocks can be used to level the ground. downwind. If the tent is pitched on snow with the entrance directly downwind, the entrance b. The ground should be high enough for may become blocked, since snow tends to piledrainage. Drainage can be improved by trenchup in the lee of any object.ing around tents and digging an outlet ditch to divert water in the desired direction. d. If site is not temporary, dig tent into snow. This will provide better protection from the c. The tent should be protected from wind wind. In open terrain with a strong wind, it and storm. may be necessary to build a snow wall on the d. An area having tough grass turf is dewindward side of the tent to protect it from the wind; thus the tent is easier to heat and is sirable. less likely to blow down. Leave some space e. In woods, the location should be away from between sides of tent and snow wall to have dead trees or trees with large dead branches. room to shovel out snow that may drift into f. In hot -weather, a shady area free from tent. underbrush is desirable. e. When a tent is pitched on a slope, a hori g. The tent should be placed far enough from zontal platform should be formed. The snow a river, lake, or other body of water to be which is removed may be packed around the outer edge of the platform to widen the space above the high-water mark. for the tent. h. In mountainous country, the tent should f.' High winds, common in cold weather renever be placed in a canyon or next to a dry gions, require that tents be anchored securely. creek bed. Such places have been known to fill up with rushing torrents in a remarkably short Tent pins may not provide sufficient anchorage. time. The tent should never be placed at the Arctic tents have snow cloths sewed along the base of a cliff or steep mountainside, where bottom edge of tent walls. When an arctic tent there may be danger from avalanches and fallis set up, snow cloths should be flat on the ing rocks. ground outside the tent. Place show, snow or ice blocks, stones, logs, or other heavy objects on the cloths to help anchor the tent. 31. Pitching Tent in Snow a. Before selecting a campsite on snowg. Do not attempt to drive tent pins into hard, frozen ground if the force required is covered ground, prod surface with an ice or ski pole to see whether snow conceals any crevexcessive. Instead, chop small holes into the ices. It may be impossible to find an a r ea ground, insert tent pins into holes, and fill holes 137 AGO 6427A with slush or water; in a short time the tent pins will be firmly anchored. When removing pins from frozen ground, always chop them out; never hammer them sideways to break them loose. h. Snow carried into a tent will melt and wet sleeping bags and clothing. The following precautions should be taken to keep snow out of tents: (1) Each man must take care to brush all snow from his clothing and boots before entering a tent. (2) One man should enter the tent first and take the sleeping bags, packs, and other articles from the other man after the items have been brushed off completely. 32. Trenching Tent a. A safe rule to follow is to always trench a tent. When the tent is pitched on heavy soil, clay, or a flat rocky surface, a trench should always be dug. When the tent is set up on a very sandy soil, which absorbs water as fast as it falls, or when it is located on a mound which slopes off in all directions, a trench may not be necessary. b. Dig trench all around the tent (figs. 110 and 111). Cut straight down just outside footstop pins; do not dig in a V-shape. Slope the side away from the tent. c. Throw dirt from trench away from the tent; never throw it against the tent, for it will quickly rot the canvas. d. In most cases, do not dig trench more than 4 or 5 inches deep and in the shallowest place not over 3 inches. There should be enough slope in the trench so that the water will flow freely toward the outlet and not back up. e. To carry the water off, dig an outlet ditch (fig. 111) at the lowest point of the area and connect it to the trench which has been dug around the tent. f. When there is a possibility that water may flow in from higher ground, dig a ditch to divert the water before it can reach the tent. 138 AGO 5427A Figure 110. Cross-section view of tent trench. 4A-37-3 Figure 111. Trenching a tent. AGO 6427A . CHAPTER7 HEATING AND VENTILATION 33. Heating a. Stoves and Heaters. Information on the types, quantity required, and operation of stoves and/ or heaters authorized for use with tents can be found in appropriate technical manuals. b. Stovepipe Openings. Stovepipe openings are built into most tents. Some openings are reinforced and the tent protected against the head of the stack; others are not protected. Metal shields, which are available, should be placed in the stovepipe openings of tents where there is no reinforcement or heat protection for tent material. Stovepipe openings have canvas flaps attached, which may be closed for protection against the weather and left open for ventilation when stoves are not in operation. c. Heatirng Individual Shelters. Normally, there is no provision for heating the 2-man mountain tent. However, when men are forced to stay in it for long periods of time or when the men are wet and need to dry off, on:e or more of the following expedient measures can be used. (1) A brush fire can be built over the area on which the tent is to be pitched and kept going for an hour or two. Then, tlie area should be cleared of all coals and sparks and the tent set up. The ground will remain warm for several hours, and the earth will be dry to sleep on. (2) Stones 5 or 6 inches in diameter can be put in a hot fire for 2 or 3 hours, and then rolled or lifted with forked sticks into the tent. If a bucket or other metal container is handy, it can be used to hold the rocks or it can be placed upside down over them. The rocks will continue to give off heat for several hours. If there is not sufficient room to pile hot rocks in the tent safely, dig a hole and fill it with hot rocks even with, or slightly below, the surface of the ground. (3) Although the one-burner cooking stoves issued are intended for cooking purposes, their heat will also take the chill off the inside of individual shelters. However, be extremely careful of this method of heating the twoman mountain shelter because of the danger of carbon monox1de. ( 4) A gasoline lantern is an excellent heater, and even candle lanterns will take off the chill. 34. Ventilation It is extremely important that a tent used for housing personnel or for sheltering working parties be ventilated properly. Most tents have built-in ventilators of various types. When stoves are not being used, stovepipe openin:gs can be used for additional ventilation. In hot weather, the doors can be opened, and on most tents the sidewalls can be rolled up, or the windows opened, to give free circulation of air. The air coming in around the bottom of the tent should never be depended upon for ventilation. If the sod cloth or snow cloth is properly weighted down, very little air will enter. The bottom edge of the tent is the least desirable from which to get ventilation. It is like trying to ventilate a house through the cracks in the floor. AGO 5427A CHAPTER 8 CARE OF TENTAGE Section I. PROTECTION OF TENTS AGAINST DAMAGE 35. General Probably the greatest amount of damage to tentage is caused by carelessness, such as forgetting to loosen the lines when it starts to rain, not bothering to use spark arresters or draft diverters, adjusting lines carelessly, driving pins in a slipshod manner, or dragging tents over rough ground. To prolong the life and usefulness of tentage, observe the following rules: a. Pitch, strike, and fold tent age in the manner described in this manual. Do not try to take shortcuts unless you are sure no damage will be done. To protect the top of the tent during handling and in storage, f oLd the tent so that the sidewalls rather than the top of the tent will be exposed. b. Observe the utmost care when pitching and striking tents, making sure the material does not tear on protruding pins, overhanging branches, or other objects. c. Never drag a tent along the groun:d or floor. d. Use all the necessary parts and accessories for each tent and use them for their intended purpose. e. Pack tents carefully for shipment. Some tents are issued complete with bag or cover. In this case, carry tent in bag or cover. When no bag or cover is issued, the tent is usually received wrapped in osnaburg or burlap. Save this material for rewrapping when the tent has to be moved again. Normally, a tent should never be transported without a covering of some kind. f. Pack pins and poles separately from the tent itself except when tent instructions require them to be packed with the tent. g. Inspect tentage at frequent intervals to make sure that it is in serviceable condition. Particular attention should be given to seams, bindings, lines, and all places where strain is exerted. Be constantly on the lookout for ( 1) Any evidence of mildew. (2) Any foreign matter which may have collected on the tent. (3) Small rips and holes, splitting of seams, grommets which have become loose, lines which are beginning to rot, or anything else which does not appear to be in normal condition. 36. Protection Against Rain a. Most tents are water repellent. However, rain causes tent canvas and lines to shrink, the shrinkage often becoming sufficient to tear the tent. Tents have been torn completely in two u~der such circumstances. b. Before tent lines become water soaked, loosen them sufficiently so that when they shrink they will not become tight enough to tear the tent. To compensate for shrinkage, eave and corner lines should have a free swing of approximately 18 inches at the middle of the line. 37. Protection Against Wind In a strong wind, tighten all lines immediately. Close door entrances, secure walls to footstop pins, and close all corners. AGO 5427A 141 mildew to start. When necessary, a 38. Protection Against Fire tent can be dried indoors. When drya. Most tents are fire resistant. This does ing indoors, hang the tent in a wellnot mean that they will not burn; they usually ventilated place, high enough to perdo not bu'rst into flame, but smolder and char. mit the tent to be suspended off the b. When using a stove in a tent, every prefloor. caution must be taken to avoid fires. Spark (5) Do not drag tentage along the groundarresters or .draft diverters must be installed or permit it to come in contact withand shields placed around stovepipe openings. the ground while in storage.All personnel should be well trained in build (6) When storing tents, stack them oning and maintaining stove fires and should be dunnage supported by 2-by 4-inchfamiliar with all fire regulations. lumber. c. Whenever possible, fire extinguishers con(a) If the floor is hard surfaced ortaining water should be kept in the tent area. wooden, the tentage should be at least 4 inches from the floor. 39. Protection Against Mildew (b) If the floor is earthen, the tentage a. Most tents are mildew resistant. This does should be at least 8 inches from the not mean that they are not subject to mildew. ground. Under warm and damp conditions, especially (c) Only lumber that has been thorin tropical and jungle areas, tents may be oughly cu·red should be used forruined by mildew in a few days, if proper care dunnage, since the moisture conis not taken. tained in green lumber will promote the growth of mildew. b. To prevent mildew, follow these rules: (d) When dampness in the atmosphere (1) Never fold or roll a tent when wet. is prevalent, dunnage should beEven if it is only damp from dew, it used between each course to permitwill mildew when stored. Make doubly circulation of air between thesure that the seams and edges of the blocks. The blocks should be sepatent, especially the bottom edge an.d rated and reduced to a minimumthe sod cloth, are dry. number of courses to permit pas (2) When storing or transporting, keep sage of air on all four sides.pins and poles separate from tents, (7) When tents are to be stacked nearexcept when tent instructions require ventilators or openings that may adthem to be packed with the tent. In mit moisture, protect tents by pack the case of the latter, make sure the ing them in bags or waterproof coverpins and poles are cleaned and dried ings. before being placed with the tent. (8) Do not place tentage received from (3) Keep tents clean at all times. If a tent the field in bags until tents are thoris pitched under trees, inspect the tent oughly dried and all dirt removedroof frequently to see if it is being by stiff brushes. If any visible signsharmed by drippings from branches of mildew are present, hang tents inor leaves. The growth of fungi and open air, preferably in the sun. mold is caused to some extent by tree drippings, oils, greases, and starches, (9) Give priority of issue to tentage that which accumulate on tentage. has been in storage the longest. To ( 4) Before storing, dry a tent by hanging prevent issue of newly stored tentage it up off the ground in bright sunbefore older stocks are exhausted, blocks should be marked in accordance light. A tent dried on the ground or left hanging outdoors after sundown with length of time tentage has been might absorb enough dampness for in storage. AGO 5427A 142 (10) When tentage is stored in open sheds or in tents, it should be stacked well away from the sides and ends of shelter (preferably about 2 feet), and items not affected by moisture should be stacked between tentage and outer edges of shelter. (11) Withdraw from storage tentage found to be infected with mildew. Brush with a stiff brush, allow to dry thor oughly, and issue immediately to installations where driest atmospheric conditions prevail. If there is no opportunity for immediate issue, segregate infected tentage from sound tentage to prevent contamination. Tents which have become unserviceable should be turned in to a salvage installation for classification, repair, and return to stock, or for destruction. Section II. PROTECTION OF PINS, POLES, AND LINES AGAINST DAMAGE 40. Pins All wooden tent pins currently issued receive a wood-preservative treatment. Care should be taken in handling pins to see that they are not broken or otherwise damaged. In determining the serviceability of pins, look for cracks, splits, distorted ends, and broken or flattened points. 41. Poles Care should be taken in handling tentpoles to see that they are not broken or otherwise damaged. In determining the serviceability of poles, look for cracks, splits, condition of metal joiners, and missing or bent spindles. 42. Lines Lines should be inspected frequently. The stability and safety of the tent may depend on the condition of the various lines used. Deterioration in tent lines is of two kinds: physical and chemical. Physical damage is caused by surface wear or from internal friction between the fibers. Chemical damage is caused by exposure to weather conditions and acids. To prevent damage to tent lines, observe the following rules: a. Store lines properly in a dry, unheated building or in a room with free air circulation. Place lines in loose coils off the floor on wooden grating, or hang them on wooden pegs. It is best to hang small lines in loose coils and to coil large sizes loosely on a grating or platform raised from the floor to insure necessary circulation of air. Never store lines in a small confined space without air circulation. Clean thoroughly before storing. Continuous exposure to sunlight is injurious to lines. Improper storage conditions frequently cause dry rot. b. Dry lines properly after exposure to dampness. Lines are best dried when hung loosely between two trees or other objects so that they do not come in contact with the ground. c. Keep lines clean. If lines become dirty, they should be washed in clean water and thoroughly dried. Grit from sand, mud, or other materials, if allowed to remain and work into lines, will grind and wear the fibers. d. Protect lines from chemicals. Keep lines away from chemicals or their fumes, especially acids or alkalis. Drying oils, such as linseed oil, and paint will also damage lines. e. Slack off guy lines. When guy lines or other supports are exposed to the weather, slack them off to prevent overstrain because of shortening from wetting. f. Reverse lines, end for end, periodically, so that all sections of the lines will receive equal wear. When wear is localized in a short section, periodical shortenings will present a new wearing surface. g. If a line becomes damaged, cut and splice. A good splice is safer than a damaged section. h. Whip ends of lines to prevent raveling. AGO 5427A 143 Section Ill. PROTECTION OF FRAMES 43. Wood Frames a. Care should be taken in handling wood frames to see that they are not broken or otherwise damaged. In determining the serviceability of frame arches and purlins, look for cracks, breaks, and loose, damaged, or missing hardware. b. Keep frame components clean and free from dirt, mud, rust, and other foreign matter. Remove all damaged paint, and repaint frame surfaces with paint authorized for the tent. c. When preparing wood frames for shipment, pack components as ·described in this manual. Care should be taken to prevent dropping or otherwise mishandling of packaged frame components. 44. Metal Frames a. Steel Fra'mes. In determining the serviceability of steel frames, look for cracked, bent, broken, or misshapen frame components. Keep frame clean and free from dirt, mud, snow, rust, and other foreign matter. Pack frame components so that undue strain will not be placed on any one piece. Care should be taken to prevent dropping or otherwise mishandling packaged frame components. b. Aluminum Frames. Inspect all components of the frame for broken welds, bends, breaks, cracks, loose or missing rivets, missing items, corrosion, and other visible damage of any nature. Wipe metal surfaces clean, or if necessary, wash frame with soapy water, rinse with clean water, and dry thoroughly. Keep dirt or other foreign matter out of joints and open ends of frame components. Pack frame components as described in this manual. Do not drop or mishandle the frame. c. Magn esium Frames. In determining the serviceability of magnesium frames, look for broken welds, bends, cracks, breaks, missing items, stripped threads on bolts, corrosion, and other visible damage. Clean frame components with soapy water, rinse with clear water, and dry thoroughly. When assembling or disassembling the frame, keep dirt or other foreign matter out of open ends of frame components. Do not drop or otherwise mishandle frame pieces when transporting tent. AGO 5427A APPENDIX REFERENCES 1. Army Regulations (AR) 320-5 Dict ionary of United States Army Terms 320-50 Authorized Abbreviations and Brevity Codes 700-26 Designating, Redesignating, and Naming Military Aircraft 700-58 Report of Damaged or Improper Shipment 701-8340 Tents, Logistic Responsibilities 750-5 Maintenance Responsibilities and Shop Operatiom 2. Department of the Ar my Pamphlets (DA Pam) 108-1 In:dex of Army Motion Pictures, Film Strips, Slides, and Photo-Recordings 310-1 Index of Administrative Publications 310-2 Index of Blank Forms 310-3 Index of Doctrinal, Training and Organizational Publications 310-4 Index of Technical Manuals, Technical Bulletins, Supply Bulletins, Lubrication Orders, and Modification Work Orders. 3._ Field Manuals (FM) 21-5 Military Training 21-6 Techniques of Military Instruction 21-15 Care and Use of Individual Clothing and Equipment 4. Tables of Allowances {TA) 20 Field Installations and Activities 20-12 Quartermaster Equipment: Allowances for Flags, Tentage, Sewing Machines, and Equipment for Civilian Guards. 21 Clothing and Equipment 5. Technical Manuals {TM) 10-267 General Repair for Clothing and Textiles. 10-269 General Repair for Canvas and Webbing 10-270 Repair of Quartermaster Items of General Equipment. 10-616 Shelter, Tent-Type, Portable, Sectional 10-725 Stove, Tent, M1941, Complete and Burner, Oil Stove, Tent, M1941 10-7'35 Stove, Yukon, 1950 10-8340-202--10 Operator's Manual; Tent for Little John Missile System; Tent, Frame Type, Little Jolm Conditioning Syst em. 10-8340-203-10 Operator's Manual; Tentage for Hawk Missile System 10-8340-204-10 Operator's Manual; Tent, General Purpose, Large (FSN 8340-285-5599); Tent, General Purpose, Medium (FSN 8340-543-7788). 10-8340-207-10 Operator's Manual; Tent, Lightweight, Frame-Type, Expandable (FSN 8340-753-6227) . AGO 5427A By Order of the Secretary of the Anny : Official: J. C. LAMBERT, Major General, United States Army, The Adjutant General. Distribution: Active Army: DCSOPS (2) DCSPER (1) ACSI (1) DCSLOG (2) CORC (2) USACDC Agcy (5) USCONARC (10) ARADCOM (2) ARADCOM Rgn (2) OS Maj Comd (5) LOGCOMD (2) MDW (2) Armies (5) Corps (2) Div (2) Div Arty (2) Bde (2) Regt/ Gp/Bg (2) Bn (2) HAROLD K. JOHNSON, General, United States Army, Chief of Staff. Co/Btry (2) USATC AD (5) USATC Armor (5) USATC Engr (5) USATC FA (5) USATC Inf (5) USASTC (5) USMA (1) Svc Colleges (2) Br Svc Sch (2) except USAQMS (100) Army Dep (5) Dep (OS) (5) GENDEP (OS) (5) POE (2) USA Tml Comd (2) Army Tml (2) USA Corps (3) NG: State AG (3); Units-Same as Active Army except allowance is one copy to each unit. USAR: Units-same as Active Army except allowance is one copy to each unit. For explanation of abbreviations used, see AR 320-50. AGO 5427A